From 82f09b5929139451a1131f46a1bdf5a9ab93357c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Anita Caron Date: Thu, 10 Feb 2022 18:37:58 +0000 Subject: [PATCH] fix merged owl --- owl/CCF_AS_CT.owl | 86335 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++- src/Makefile | 2 +- 2 files changed, 85529 insertions(+), 808 deletions(-) diff --git a/owl/CCF_AS_CT.owl b/owl/CCF_AS_CT.owl index 7a66cac9b..0d2680375 100644 --- a/owl/CCF_AS_CT.owl +++ b/owl/CCF_AS_CT.owl @@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ xmlns:class_helper="http://ccf_tools_helpers/class_helper.owl#" xmlns:process_attribute="http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/envo-p/patterns/process_attribute/"> - + @@ -5985,12 +5985,36 @@ Where we have an annotation assertion + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + @@ -6126,6 +6150,12 @@ Where we have an annotation assertion + + + + + + @@ -6154,6 +6184,18 @@ Where we have an annotation assertion + + + + + + + + + + + + @@ -6356,6 +6398,25 @@ Where we have an annotation assertion + + + + An apocrine cell is a secretory cell characterized loss of part of the cytoplasm during the process of secretion - secretions are budded off through the plasma membrane producing membrane bound vesicles containing the secreted substance. + cell + + apocrine cell + apocrine cell + + + + + An apocrine cell is a secretory cell characterized loss of part of the cytoplasm during the process of secretion - secretions are budded off through the plasma membrane producing membrane bound vesicles containing the secreted substance. + GOC:tfm + ISBN:0721662544 + + + + @@ -6373,6 +6434,7 @@ Where we have an annotation assertion Markers differ between species, and two sets of markers have been described for mice. HSCs are reportedly CD34-positive, CD45-positive, CD48-negative, CD150-positive, CD133-positive, and CD244-negative. hematopoietic stem cell + hematopoetic stem cell hemopoietic stem cell @@ -6388,6 +6450,36 @@ Where we have an annotation assertion + + + + A fully differentiated eosinophil, a granular leukocyte with a nucleus that usually has two lobes connected by one or more slender threads, and cytoplasm containing coarse, round granules that are uniform in size and which can be stained by the dye eosin. Cells are also differentiated from other granulocytes by a small nuclear-to-cytoplasm ratio (1:3). This cell type is CD49d-positive. + The status of eosinophils as true professional antigen presenting cells is unclear, despite their ability to present exogenous peptides and peptides processed from exogenous proteins (in certain studies) via MHC Class II and activate T cells. Per the equivalence axioms, 'eosinophil' is reasoned to be a subclass of 'professional antigen presenting cell', though the role of eosinophils as such in the body may be limited. + + polymorphonuclear leucocyte + polymorphonuclear leukocyte + mature eosinocyte + mature eosinophil leucocyte + mature eosinophil leukocyte + cell + Eosinophils are CD125-positive (IL-5R), GM-CSFR-positive, IL-3R-positive, VLA4-positive. They can also express MHC Class I & II, CD4, CD9, CD11a, CD11b, CD11c, CD13, CD15, CD16, CD17, CD18, CD24, CD25,CD28, CD29, CD32, CD33, CD35, CD37, CD39, CD43, CD44, CD45, CD45RB, CD45RO, CD46, CD47, CD48, CD49d, CD49f, CD50, CD52, CD53, CD54, CD55, CD58, CD59, CD62L, CD63, CD65, CD66, CD69, CD71, CD76, CD80, CD81, CD82, CD86, CD87, CD88, CD89, CD92, CD95, CD97, CD98, CD99, CD100, CD101, CD116, CD117, CD119, CD120, CD123, CD124, CD125, CD131, CD137, CD139, CD148, CD149, CD151, CD153, CD156, CD162, CD161, CD162, CD165, CD174, CD182, CD183, CD191, CD192, CD193, CD196, CD213, IL9R, ad integrin, beta-7 integrin, FceRI, IL13Ra1, TGFbR, PAFR, LTB4R, C3aR, CystLT1R, CystLT2R, fMLPR, CRTH2 (PGD2 receptor), histamine 4R, IDO, KYN, PAR-2, Siglec-8, Siglec-10, LIR1, LIR2, LIR3, LIR7, TLR7, TLR8, and VLA-4. Eosinophils can also secrete CXCL1, eotaxin-1, GM-CSF, IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, IL-13, IL-16, IL-18, IFN-gamma, LTC4, MIP-1alpha, NGF, PAF, RANTES, substance P, TGF-alpha, TGF-beta, TNF-alpha, and VIP. + + mature eosinophil + mature eosinophil + + + + + A fully differentiated eosinophil, a granular leukocyte with a nucleus that usually has two lobes connected by one or more slender threads, and cytoplasm containing coarse, round granules that are uniform in size and which can be stained by the dye eosin. Cells are also differentiated from other granulocytes by a small nuclear-to-cytoplasm ratio (1:3). This cell type is CD49d-positive. + GOC:add + GOC:dsd + GOC:tfm + ISBN:0721601464 + http://www.cap.org + + + + @@ -6413,6 +6505,18 @@ Where we have an annotation assertion common myeloid progenitor common myeloid progenitor + + + + colony forming unit granulocyte, erythrocyte, macrophage, and megakaryocyte + ISBN:0878932437 + + + + + multipotential myeloid stem cell + ISBN:0878932437 + @@ -6435,7 +6539,7 @@ Where we have an annotation assertion True - 2022-02-09T10:27:51.337601 + 2022-02-10T17:59:11.203654 @@ -6463,18 +6567,6 @@ Where we have an annotation assertion CFU-S ISBN:0878932437 - - - - colony forming unit granulocyte, erythrocyte, macrophage, and megakaryocyte - ISBN:0878932437 - - - - - multipotential myeloid stem cell - ISBN:0878932437 - @@ -6511,7 +6603,7 @@ Where we have an annotation assertion True - 2022-02-09T10:27:51.337583 + 2022-02-10T17:59:11.203634 @@ -6563,7 +6655,7 @@ Where we have an annotation assertion True - 2022-02-09T10:27:51.337603 + 2022-02-10T17:59:11.203658 @@ -6578,9 +6670,180 @@ Where we have an annotation assertion + + + + + + + + + + A connective tissue cell which secretes an extracellular matrix rich in collagen and other macromolecules. Flattened and irregular in outline with branching processes; appear fusiform or spindle-shaped. + BTO:0000452 + CALOHA:TS-0362 + FMA:63877 + VHOG:0001482 + cell + These cells may be vimentin-positive, fibronectin-positive, fsp1-positive, MMP-1-positive, collagen I-positive, collagen III-positive, and alpha-SMA-negative. + + fibroblast + fibroblast + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:07:07.585465 + + + + + A connective tissue cell which secretes an extracellular matrix rich in collagen and other macromolecules. Flattened and irregular in outline with branching processes; appear fusiform or spindle-shaped. + ISBN:0517223651 + MESH:A11.329.228 + MESH:D005347 + http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibroblast + + + + + + + + Skeletogenic cell that secretes osteoid, is capable of producing mineralized (hydroxyapatite) matrix, is located adjacent to or within osteoid tissue, and arises from the transformation of a preosteoblast cell. + BTO:0001593 + CALOHA:TS-0720 + FMA:66780 + cell + non-encoded relationships from VSAO - capable_of_producing VSAO:0000020 + + osteoblast + + + + + Skeletogenic cell that secretes osteoid, is capable of producing mineralized (hydroxyapatite) matrix, is located adjacent to or within osteoid tissue, and arises from the transformation of a preosteoblast cell. + GO_REF:0000034 + MESH:A11.329.629 + + + + + + + + A cell that is usually found in a two-dimensional sheet with a free surface. The cell has a cytoskeleton that allows for tight cell to cell contact and for cell polarity where apical part is directed towards the lumen and the basal part to the basal lamina. + BTO:0000414 + CALOHA:TS-2026 + CARO:0000077 + FBbt:00000124 + FMA:66768 + WBbt:0003672 + epitheliocyte + cell + + epithelial cell + epithelial cell + + + + + A cell that is usually found in a two-dimensional sheet with a free surface. The cell has a cytoskeleton that allows for tight cell to cell contact and for cell polarity where apical part is directed towards the lumen and the basal part to the basal lamina. + FB:ma + GOC:tfm + MESH:A11.436 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An endothelial cell that lines the vasculature. + cuboidal endothelial cell of vascular tree + cell + + blood vessel endothelial cell + blood vessel endothelial cell + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:03:49.272980 + + + + + An endothelial cell that lines the vasculature. + GOC:tfm + + + + + + + + A columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell is a cell usually found in a two dimensional sheet with a free surface. Columnar/cuboidal epithelial cells take on the shape of a column or cube. + cell + + columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell + columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell + + + + + A columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell is a cell usually found in a two dimensional sheet with a free surface. Columnar/cuboidal epithelial cells take on the shape of a column or cube. + GO:0002065 + https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5208-3432 + + + + + + + + A flattened epithelial cell of mesenchymal origin that lines the serous cavity. + FMA:66773 + mesotheliocyte + cell + + mesothelial cell + mesothelial cell + + + + + A flattened epithelial cell of mesenchymal origin that lines the serous cavity. + GOC:tfm + ISBN:0721662544 + + + + + A type of lymphocyte whose defining characteristic is the expression of a T cell receptor complex. CL:0000804 CL:0000812 @@ -6596,8 +6859,16 @@ Where we have an annotation assertion mature T cell T cell + T Cell T cell + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:12:48.560997 + @@ -6609,6 +6880,67 @@ Where we have an annotation assertion + + + + A tissue-resident macrophage of the reticuloendothelial system found on the luminal surface of the hepatic sinusoids involved in erythrocyte clearance. Markers include F4/80+, CD11b-low, CD68-positive, sialoadhesin-positive, CD163/SRCR-positive. Irregular, with long processes including lamellipodia extending into the sinusoid lumen, have flattened nucleus with cytoplasm containing characteristic invaginations of the plasma membrane (vermiform bodies); lie within the sinusoid lumen attached to the endothelial surface; derived from the bone marrow, form a major part of the body's mononuclear phagocyte system. + BTO:0000685 + FMA:14656 + hepatic macrophage + littoral cell of hepatic sinusoid + liver macrophage + macrophagocytus stellatus + stellate cell of von Kupffer + von Kupffer cell + cell + Markers: Mouse: F4/80+, CD11b-low, CD68+, sialoadhesin+, CD163/SRCR+; role or process: immune, antigen-presentation, clearance of senescent erythrocytes, iron metabolism. Kupffer cells are also reportedly C3aR-positive, CD14-low, CD54-positive, CD88-positive, and CD284-positive. They are also capable of producing IL-1, IL-6, TNF-alpha, nitric oxide, PGD2, PGE2, PGF2alpha, and TXA2. + + Kupffer cell + Kupffer Cell + + + + + A tissue-resident macrophage of the reticuloendothelial system found on the luminal surface of the hepatic sinusoids involved in erythrocyte clearance. Markers include F4/80+, CD11b-low, CD68-positive, sialoadhesin-positive, CD163/SRCR-positive. Irregular, with long processes including lamellipodia extending into the sinusoid lumen, have flattened nucleus with cytoplasm containing characteristic invaginations of the plasma membrane (vermiform bodies); lie within the sinusoid lumen attached to the endothelial surface; derived from the bone marrow, form a major part of the body's mononuclear phagocyte system. + GOC:add + GOC:tfm + GO_REF:0000031 + ISBN:0517223651 + MESH:A11.329.372.588 + PMID:15771589 + PMID:17105582 + + + + + + + + A specialized phagocytic cell associated with the absorption and removal of the mineralized matrix of bone tissue, which typically differentiates from monocytes. This cell has the following markers: tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase type 5-positive, PU.1-positive, c-fos-positive, nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p100 subunit-positive, tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 11A-positive and macrophage colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor-positive. + BTO:0000968 + CALOHA:TS-0721 + FMA:66781 + cell + chondroclast + Morphology: Highly vesicular; markers: Surface: RANK, cFMS (MCSF receptor); Secreted: cathepsin K and TRAP (tartate resistant acid phosphatase); transcription factors: PU.1, cFOS, MITF, NFkB (p52); role or process: tissue remodelling: bone resorption; lineage: hematopoietic, myeloid. + + osteoclast + + + + + A specialized phagocytic cell associated with the absorption and removal of the mineralized matrix of bone tissue, which typically differentiates from monocytes. This cell has the following markers: tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase type 5-positive, PU.1-positive, c-fos-positive, nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p100 subunit-positive, tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 11A-positive and macrophage colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor-positive. + GOC:add + GOC:tfm + GO_REF:0000031 + ISBN:0781735149 + PMID:10428500 + PMID:15055519 + PMID:17380158 + + + + @@ -6638,6 +6970,47 @@ Where we have an annotation assertion + + + + A fully differentiated neutrophil, a granular leukocyte having a nucleus with three to five lobes connected by slender threads, and cytoplasm containing fine inconspicuous granules and stainable by neutral dyes. They are produced in bone marrow at a rate of 5e10-10e10/day and have a half-life of 6-8 hours. Neutrophils are CD15-positive, CD16-positive, CD32-positive, CD43-positive, CD181-positive, and CD182-positive. + + poly + polymorphonuclear leucocyte + polymorphonuclear leukocyte + BTO:0003473 + PMN + mature neutrocyte + mature neutrophil leucocyte + mature neutrophil leukocyte + mature neutrophilic leucocyte + mature neutrophilic leukocyte + polymorphonuclear neutrophil + polynuclear neutrophilic leucocyte + polynuclear neutrophilic leukocyte + cell + Neutrophils are also capable of secreting GRO-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-1ra, IL-3, IL-12, IP-10, MIG, MIP-1alpha, MIP-1beta, TGF-beta, TNF-alpha, VEGF, and anti-microbial peptides. They can positively influence the chemotaxis of basophils, T-cells, monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, and other neutrophils. Neutrophils are also CD35-positive, CD64-positive, CD89-positive, CD184-positive, and fMLP receptor-positive Ly-6G-positive (mouse), TLR2-low, TLR4-low, and lineage-negative (CD2, CD3, CD5, CD9, CD19, CD36, CD49d, CD56, CD61, CD235a (glycophorin-A)). + + mature neutrophil + mature neutrophil + + + + + A fully differentiated neutrophil, a granular leukocyte having a nucleus with three to five lobes connected by slender threads, and cytoplasm containing fine inconspicuous granules and stainable by neutral dyes. They are produced in bone marrow at a rate of 5e10-10e10/day and have a half-life of 6-8 hours. Neutrophils are CD15-positive, CD16-positive, CD32-positive, CD43-positive, CD181-positive, and CD182-positive. + GOC:add + GOC:tfm + MESH:A11.118.637.415.583 + MESH:D009504 + PMID:11138776 + PMID:12560239 + PMID:15514007 + PMID:7880385 + http://www.cap.org + + + + @@ -6694,1182 +7067,85530 @@ Where we have an annotation assertion - + - - The earliest cytologically identifiable precursor in the thrombocytic series. This cell is capable of endomitosis and lacks expression of hematopoieitic lineage markers (lin-negative). - BTO:0001164 - CALOHA:TS-0610 - FMA:84235 - CFU-Meg - Meg-CFC - MkP - colony-forming unit-megakaryocyte - megacaryoblast - megacaryocyte progenitor cell - megakaryoblast - megakaryocytic progenitor cell + + + Most generally any neuron which is not motor or sensory. Interneurons may also refer to neurons whose axons remain within a particular brain region as contrasted with projection neurons which have axons projecting to other brain regions. + BTO:0003811 + FBbt:00005125 + FMA:67313 + WBbt:0005113 cell - promegacaryocyte - promegakaryocyte - Lineage negative is described here as CD2-negative, CD3-negative, CD4-negative, CD5-negative, CD8a-negative, CD14-negative, CD19-negative, CD20-negative, CD56-negative, Ly6g-negative, and Ter119-negative. - megakaryocyte progenitor cell - megakaryocyte progenitor cell + interneuron + Interneuron - + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:02:11.665594 + + + - The earliest cytologically identifiable precursor in the thrombocytic series. This cell is capable of endomitosis and lacks expression of hematopoieitic lineage markers (lin-negative). - GOC:dsd + Most generally any neuron which is not motor or sensory. Interneurons may also refer to neurons whose axons remain within a particular brain region as contrasted with projection neurons which have axons projecting to other brain regions. GOC:tfm - ISBN:0721601464 + MESH:A08.663.358 + + + + + + + An endothelial cell comprises the outermost layer or lining of anatomical structures and can be squamous or cuboidal. In mammals, endothelial cell has vimentin filaments and is derived from the mesoderm. + BTO:0001176 + CALOHA:TS-0278 + FMA:66772 + endotheliocyte + cell + From FMA: 9.07.2001: Endothelial cell has always been classified as a kind of epithelial cell, specifically a squamous cell but that is not true. First, endothelial cell can either be squamous or cuboidal (e.g. high-endothelial cell) and secondly, it has different embryological derivation (mesodermal) than a true epithelial cell (ectodermal and endodermal). The basis for present classification is the fact that it comprises the outermost layer or lining of anatomical structures (location-based) but a better structural basis for the differentia is the cytoskeleton of the cell. Endothelial cell has vimentin filaments while an epithelial cell has keratin filaments. [Onard]. + + endothelial cell + endothelial cell + endothlial cell + - - - CFU-Meg - PMID:11722431 - PMID:12482498 + + + An endothelial cell comprises the outermost layer or lining of anatomical structures and can be squamous or cuboidal. In mammals, endothelial cell has vimentin filaments and is derived from the mesoderm. + GOC:tfm + MESH:D042783 + PMID:21275341 + http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endothelial_cell + https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&atid=440764&aid=3364936&group_id=36855 + + + + + + + A central nervous system macrophage found in the parenchyma of the central nervous system. Marker include CD11b-positive, F4/80-positive, and CD68-positive. + brain macrophage + BTO:0000078 + BTO:0000962 + FMA:54539 + FMA:54540 + brain-resident macrophage + hortega cells + microglia + microgliocyte + cell + MF.microglia.CNS + Markers: Mouse: CD11b+, F4/80+, CD68+. They represent ~12% of the cells in the CNS, but they are not uniformly distributed within the CNS. A normal adult mouse brain has approximately 3.5x10e6 microglia. Microglia are also reportedly CD3-negative, CD4-positive, CD8-negative, CD11b-positive, CD11c-high, CD14-negative, CD19-negative, CD45-low, CD56-negative, CD163-negative, CD200R-positive, CD281-positive, CD282-positive, CD283-positive, CD284-positive, CD285-positive, CD286-positive, CD287-positive, CD288-positive, CD289-positive, Gr1-negative, nestin-positive, and PU.1-positive. + + microglial cell + microglial cell + - - - Meg-CFC - PMCID:PMC1794060 + + + A central nervous system macrophage found in the parenchyma of the central nervous system. Marker include CD11b-positive, F4/80-positive, and CD68-positive. + GOC:add + GOC:dsd + GOC:tfm + ISBN:0721601464 + MESH:D017628 + PMID:11517395 + PMID:12430718 + PMID:14561199 + PMID:14612429 + PMID:16177057 + PMID:19461673 + PMID:2089275 + http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microglia - + - MkP - PMID:21116988 + hortega cells + http://www.copewithcytokines.de/ - + - megakaryocytic progenitor cell - PMID:12482498 + microgliocyte + http://www.copewithcytokines.de/ - + - + + Cell of the single layer of large flattened cells covering the surface of the cornea. + CALOHA:TS-0172 + FMA:70614 + cell + + corneal endothelial cell + corneal endothelial cell + + + + + Cell of the single layer of large flattened cells covering the surface of the cornea. + GOC:tfm + MESH:A09.371.060.067.31 + + + + + + + - + - A giant cell 50 to 100 micron in diameter, with a greatly lobulated nucleus, found in the bone marrow; mature blood platelets are released from its cytoplasm. - BTO:0000843 - CALOHA:TS-0611 - FMA:83555 - megacaryocyte - megalocaryocyte - megalokaryocyte + A fat-storing cell found mostly in the abdominal cavity and subcutaneous tissue of mammals. Fat is usually stored in the form of triglycerides. + CL:0000450 + BTO:0000443 + CALOHA:TS-0012 + FMA:63880 + adipocyte + adipose cell cell - Megakaryocytes are reportedly CD181-positive and CD182-positive. - megakaryocyte - Megakaryocyte + fat cell + fat cell - + - + True - 2022-02-09T10:27:00.140208 + 2022-02-10T18:07:07.585565 - + - A giant cell 50 to 100 micron in diameter, with a greatly lobulated nucleus, found in the bone marrow; mature blood platelets are released from its cytoplasm. - ISBN:0721601464 - MESH:D008533 - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megakaryocyte + A fat-storing cell found mostly in the abdominal cavity and subcutaneous tissue of mammals. Fat is usually stored in the form of triglycerides. + MESH:A11.329.114 - + - - A precursor in the monocytic series, being a cell intermediate in development between the monoblast and monocyte. This cell is CD11b-positive and has fine azurophil granules. - BTO:0004657 - FMA:83551 + + A mature osteoblast that has become embedded in the bone matrix. They occupy a small cavity, called lacuna, in the matrix and are connected to adjacent osteocytes via protoplasmic projections called canaliculi. + bone cell + BTO:0002038 + CALOHA:TS-1167 + FMA:66779 + VSAO:0000124 cell - Morphology: Mononuclear cell, diameter 14-18 _M, fine azurophilic granules; markers: CD11b (shared with many other myeloid cells); location: Adult: bone marrow; Fetal: Liver, Yolk Sac; role or process: hematopoiesis, monocyte development; lineage: hematopoietic, myeloid. + VSAO relationship simplified OBO_REL:integral_part_of VSAO:0000118 - promonocyte - promonocyte + osteocyte - + - A precursor in the monocytic series, being a cell intermediate in development between the monoblast and monocyte. This cell is CD11b-positive and has fine azurophil granules. + A mature osteoblast that has become embedded in the bone matrix. They occupy a small cavity, called lacuna, in the matrix and are connected to adjacent osteocytes via protoplasmic projections called canaliculi. GOC:tfm - ISBN:0721601464 + MESH:A11.329.629.500 - + - - Myeloid mononuclear recirculating leukocyte that can act as a precursor of tissue macrophages, osteoclasts and some populations of tissue dendritic cells. - BTO:0000876 - CALOHA:TS-0638 - FMA:62864 + cell - Morphology: Mononuclear cell, diameter, 14 to 20 _M, N/C ratio 2:1-1:1. Nucleus may appear in variety of shapes: round, kidney, lobulated, or convoluted. Fine azurophilic granules present; markers: CD11b (shared with other myeloid cells), human: CD14, mouse: F4/80-mid,GR1-low; location: Blood, but can be recruited into tissues; role or process: immune & tissue remodelling; lineage: hematopoietic, myeloid. - monocyte - monocyte + simple columnar epithelial cell + simple columnar epithelial cell - - - - Myeloid mononuclear recirculating leukocyte that can act as a precursor of tissue macrophages, osteoclasts and some populations of tissue dendritic cells. - GO_REF:0000031 - MESH:A11.118.637.555.652 - - + - - A immature or mature cell in the lineage leading to and including erythrocytes. - CL:0002156 - CALOHA:TS-0290 - FMA:62845 - FMA:83516 - erythropoietic cell + + A pigment cell derived from the neural crest. Contains melanin-filled pigment granules, which gives a brown to black appearance. + CL:0000572 + BTO:0000847 + CALOHA:TS-0613 + FMA:70545 + VHOG:0001679 + melanophore cell - Note that in FMA erythropoietic cells are types of nucleated erythrocytes and thus don't include erythrocytes. - erythroid lineage cell - erythroid lineage cell + melanocyte + melanocyte - + - A immature or mature cell in the lineage leading to and including erythrocytes. - GOC:add - GOC:tfm + A pigment cell derived from the neural crest. Contains melanin-filled pigment granules, which gives a brown to black appearance. + SANBI:mhl - + - - - Any of the immature or mature forms of a granular leukocyte that in its mature form has an irregularly shaped, pale-staining nucleus that is partially constricted into two lobes, and with cytoplasm that contains coarse, bluish-black granules of variable size. Basophils contain vasoactive amines such as histamine and serotonin, which are released on appropriate stimulation. A basophil is CD123-positive, CD193-positive, CD203c-positive, and FceRIa-positive. - polymorphonuclear leucocyte - polymorphonuclear leukocyte - BTO:0000129 - CALOHA:TS-0073 - FMA:62862 - basophilic leucocyte - basophilic leukocyte + + A cell that specializes in controlled release of one or more substances. + BTO:0003659 + FMA:86916 cell - Matures in the bone marrow and account for <1% of leukocytes in the peripheral blood, spleen, and bone marrow. Basophils are described as being CD11a-positive, CD11b-positive, CD13-positive, CD15-positive, CD18-positive, CD21-positive, CD25-positive, CD29-positive, CD35-positive, CD40-positive, CD40L-positive, CD44-positive, CD45R-negative, CD46-positive, CD49a-positive, CD49b-positive, CD49d-positive, CD55-positive, CD59-positive, CD62L-positive, CD63-positive, CD69-positive, CD90-negative, CD116-positive, CD117-negative, CD124-positive, CD125-positive, CD131-positive, CD161-positive, CD184-positive, CD191-positive, CD192-positive, CD197-positive, CD200R3-positive, CD218-positive, CD282-positive, CD284-positive, CD289-positive, CD290-positive, CD294-positive, natural killer cell receptor 2B4-positive, smad1-positive, CD3-negative, CD4-negative, CD7-negative, CD8-negative, CD14-negative, CD15-negative, CD16-negative, CD19-negative, CD20-negative, CD34-negative, CD36-negative, CD45R-negative, CD56-negative, CD57-negative, CD235a-negative, and GR1-negative. Transcription factors- GATA1-positive, PU.1-positive. - basophil - basophil + secretory cell + sebum secreting cell - - - - True - 2022-02-09T10:26:37.611678 - - - + - Any of the immature or mature forms of a granular leukocyte that in its mature form has an irregularly shaped, pale-staining nucleus that is partially constricted into two lobes, and with cytoplasm that contains coarse, bluish-black granules of variable size. Basophils contain vasoactive amines such as histamine and serotonin, which are released on appropriate stimulation. A basophil is CD123-positive, CD193-positive, CD203c-positive, and FceRIa-positive. - GOC:add - GOC:amm - GOC:dsd + A cell that specializes in controlled release of one or more substances. GOC:tfm - ISBN:0721601464 - MESH:D001491 - PMCID:PMC2626675 - PMID:11927641 - PMID:19741522 - PMID:21236338 - PMID:9933081 + ISBN:0721662544 - + - - - Any of the immature or mature forms of a granular leukocyte with a nucleus that usually has two lobes connected by one or more slender threads of chromatin, and cytoplasm containing coarse, round granules that are uniform in size and which can be stained by the dye eosin. Eosinophils are CD9-positive, CD191-positive, and CD193-positive. - polymorphonuclear leucocyte - polymorphonuclear leukocyte - BTO:0000399 - CALOHA:TS-0279 - FMA:62861 - eosinocyte - eosinophilic granulocyte - eosinophilic leucocyte - eosinophilic leukocyte + + Epithelial progenitor cell of the lung. Club cells are dome-shaped with short microvilli but no cilia. They function to protect the bronchiolar epithelium. Club cells also multiply and differentiate into ciliated cells to regenerate the bronchiolar epithelium. + BTO:0004811 + FMA:14119 + Clara cell + bronchiolar non-ciliated cell + club cell of bronchiole cell - Eosinophils are also CD14-negative, CD32-positive, CD44-positive, CD48-positive, CD69-positive, CD192-negative, MBP1-positive, MBP2-positive, TLR2-negative, TLR4-negative, and lineage-negative (B220, CD2, CD14, CD19, CD56, CD71, CD117, CD123, CD235a (glycophorin A), and TER119). The cytokines IL-3, IL-5, and GM-CSF are involved in their development and differentiation. Usually considered CD16-negative, CD16 is observed on eosinophilic metamyelocyte. - eosinophil - eosinophil + club cell + club cell of bronchiole - - - - True - 2022-02-09T10:26:37.611684 - - - + - Any of the immature or mature forms of a granular leukocyte with a nucleus that usually has two lobes connected by one or more slender threads of chromatin, and cytoplasm containing coarse, round granules that are uniform in size and which can be stained by the dye eosin. Eosinophils are CD9-positive, CD191-positive, and CD193-positive. - GOC:add - GOC:amm - GOC:dsd + Epithelial progenitor cell of the lung. Club cells are dome-shaped with short microvilli but no cilia. They function to protect the bronchiolar epithelium. Club cells also multiply and differentiate into ciliated cells to regenerate the bronchiolar epithelium. + DOI:10.1183/09031936.00146609 + DOI:https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.12-2762 GOC:tfm - ISBN:0721601464 - PMCID:PMC2626675 - PMID:10914487 - PMID:1662676 + PMID:28128362 + PMID:7905712 - + - - Any of the immature or mature forms of a granular leukocyte that in its mature form has a nucleus with three to five lobes connected by slender threads of chromatin, and cytoplasm containing fine inconspicuous granules and stainable by neutral dyes. - PMN - poly - polymorphonuclear leucocyte - polymorphonuclear leukocyte - polymorphonuclear neutrophil - polynuclear neutrophilic leucocyte - polynuclear neutrophilic leukocyte - BTO:0000130 - CALOHA:TS-0688 - FMA:62860 - neutrocyte - neutrophil leucocyte - neutrophil leukocyte - neutrophilic leucocyte - neutrophilic leukocyte + + An endocrine cell that has the specialized function to produce and secrete hormones in response to neuronal signals. + BTO:0002691 + FMA:83810 + neurosecretory cell cell - neutrophil - neutrophil + neuroendocrine cell + neuroendocrine cell - + - Any of the immature or mature forms of a granular leukocyte that in its mature form has a nucleus with three to five lobes connected by slender threads of chromatin, and cytoplasm containing fine inconspicuous granules and stainable by neutral dyes. - GOC:add - GOC:amm - GOC:tfm - ISBN:0721601464 + An endocrine cell that has the specialized function to produce and secrete hormones in response to neuronal signals. + MESH:A06.688 - + - - - A terminally differentiated, post-mitotic, antibody secreting cell of the B cell lineage with the phenotype CD138-positive, surface immunonoglobulin-negative, and MHC Class II-negative. Plasma cells are oval or round with extensive rough endoplasmic reticulum, a well-developed Golgi apparatus, and a round nucleus having a characteristic cartwheel heterochromatin pattern and are devoted to producing large amounts of immunoglobulin. - BTO:0000392 - FMA:70574 - plasma B cell - plasma B-cell - plasmacyte - plasmocyte + + + + + + + + + A cell that secretes insulin and is located towards the center of the islets of Langerhans. + beta cell + BTO:0000783 + EV:0200009 + FMA:70586 + MA:0002419 + ncithesaurus:Beta_Cell + B-cell of pancreatic islet + beta cell of pancreatic islet + insulin-secreting cell + pancreatic B cell + pancreatic B-cell + pancreatic beta cell + pancreatic islet core + type B enteroendocrine cell cell - effector B cell - effector B-cell - Plasma cells develop in the spleen and migrate to the bone marrow. Plasma cells are also reportedly CD5-negative, CD10-negative, CD19-positive, CD20-negative, CD21-negative, CD22-negative, CD23-negative, CD24-negative, CD25-negative, CD27-positive, CD34-negative, CD38-positive, CD40-positive, CD43-positive, CD45-positive, CD48-positive, CD53-low, CD80-negative, CD81-positive, CD86-positive, CD95-positive, CD196-negative, CD229-positive, CD270-positive, CD352-positive, CD361-positive, and IgD-negative. Transcription factors: BLIMP1-positive, IRF4-positive, PAX5-negative, SpiB-negative, Ets1-negative, and XBP1-positive. + beta cell islet + Pancreatic beta cells are also reportedly CD284-positive. Upon activation, they upregulate their CD14 expression. - plasma cell - plasma cell + type B pancreatic cell + type B pancreatic cell - + - + True - 2022-02-09T10:26:37.611703 - - - - - A terminally differentiated, post-mitotic, antibody secreting cell of the B cell lineage with the phenotype CD138-positive, surface immunonoglobulin-negative, and MHC Class II-negative. Plasma cells are oval or round with extensive rough endoplasmic reticulum, a well-developed Golgi apparatus, and a round nucleus having a characteristic cartwheel heterochromatin pattern and are devoted to producing large amounts of immunoglobulin. - GOC:add - GOC:dsd - GO_REF:0000031 - ISBN:0721601464 - ISBN:0781735149 - PMID:19447676 - PMID:20081059 - PMID:20839338 - PMID:20951740 - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasma_cell + 2022-02-10T18:12:48.561017 - - - - - - - - A memory B cell is a mature B cell that is long-lived, readily activated upon re-encounter of its antigenic determinant, and has been selected for expression of higher affinity immunoglobulin. This cell type has the phenotype CD19-positive, CD20-positive, MHC Class II-positive, and CD138-negative. - memory B lymphocyte - memory B-cell - memory B-lymphocyte - cell - Memory B-cells are also reportedly CD5-negative, CD10-negative, CD21-positive, CD22-positive, CD23-negative, CD24-positive, CD25-positive, CD27-positive, CD34-negative, CD38-negative, CD40-positive, CD43-negative, CD44-positive, CD45-positive, CD53-positive, CD80-negative, CD81-negative, CD86-positive, and CD196/CCR6-positive. - - memory B cell - memory B cell - - + - + + + + + + True - 2022-02-09T10:26:37.611701 + 2022-02-10T18:12:51.607371 - + - A memory B cell is a mature B cell that is long-lived, readily activated upon re-encounter of its antigenic determinant, and has been selected for expression of higher affinity immunoglobulin. This cell type has the phenotype CD19-positive, CD20-positive, MHC Class II-positive, and CD138-negative. - GOC:add - GOC:dsd - GOC:rhs - GO_REF:0000031 - ISBN:0781735149 - PMID:20081059 - PMID:20839338 - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memory_B_cell + A cell that secretes insulin and is located towards the center of the islets of Langerhans. + GOC:tfm + ISBN:0517223651 + http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pancreatic_b_cell + + + + + beta cell + ZFA:0009102 + + + + + B-cell of pancreatic islet + FMA:70586 + + + + + beta cell of pancreatic islet + FMA:70586 + + + + + insulin-secreting cell + FMA:70586 + + + + + pancreatic B-cell + FMA:70586 + + + + + pancreatic beta cell + FMA:70586 + + + + + pancreatic islet core + MA:0002419 + + + + + type B enteroendocrine cell + FMA:70586 + + + + + beta cell islet + MA:0002419 - + - - - A naive B cell is a mature B cell that has the phenotype surface IgD-positive, surface IgM-positive, CD20-positive, CD27-negative and that has not yet been activated by antigen in the periphery. - naive B lymphocyte - naive B-cell - naive B-lymphocyte + + + + + + + + + A type of enteocrine cell found in the periphery of the islets of Langerhans that secretes glucagon. + BTO:0000990 + FMA:70585 + alpha cell of islet of Langerhans + pancreatic alpha cell cell - This cell type is compatible with the HIPC Lyoplate markers for 'naive B cell'. Per DSD: Naive B cells are also reportedly CD10-negative, CD19-positive, CD20-positive, CD21-positive, CD22-positive, CD25-negative, CD27-negative, CD34-negative, CD40-positive, CD43-negative, CD45-positive, CD48-positive, CD53-positive, CD80-negative, CD81-positive, CD84-positive, CD86-negative, CD95-negative, CD138-negative, CD150-positive, CD184/CXCR4-positive, CD185/CXCR5-positive, CD196/CCR6-positive, CD200-positive, CD229-positive, CD243-positive, CD289-positive, CD290-positive, CD352-positive, MHCII/HLA-DR-positive, cadherin 9-positive, and sIgH-positive, Transcription factors: Pax5-positive, ETS1-positive, FOXO1A-positive, KLF4-positive, KLF9-positive, MiTF-positive, OBF1-positive, PLZF-positive, and SpiB-positive. - naive B cell - naive B cell + pancreatic A cell + pancreatic A cell - + - + True - 2022-02-09T10:26:37.611695 + 2022-02-10T18:12:48.561028 - + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:12:51.607378 + + + - A naive B cell is a mature B cell that has the phenotype surface IgD-positive, surface IgM-positive, CD20-positive, CD27-negative and that has not yet been activated by antigen in the periphery. - GOC:add - GOC:dsd - GOC:rhs - GO_REF:0000031 - ISBN:0781765196 - PMID:19447676 - PMID:20081059 - PMID:20839338 - PMID:20933013 - PMID:22343568 + A type of enteocrine cell found in the periphery of the islets of Langerhans that secretes glucagon. + GOC:tfm + ISBN:0721662544 - + - - A mature alpha-beta T cell of a distinct lineage that bears natural killer markers and a T cell receptor specific for a limited set of ligands. NK T cells have activation and regulatory roles particularly early in an immune response. - mature NK T lymphocyte - mature NK T-cell - mature NK T-lymphocyte - mature NKT cell - mature natural killer T cell - mature natural killer T lymphocyte - mature natural killer T-cell - mature natural killer T-lymphocyte + + + + + + + + + A D cell located in the pancreas. Peripherally placed within the islets like type A cells; contains somatostatin. + BTO:0000803 + FMA:70587 + D-cell of pancreatic islet + delta cell of islet + delta cell of pancreatic islet + pancreatic D-cell + pancreatic delta cell + somatostatin-secreting pancreatic cell cell - mature NK T cell - mature NK T cell + pancreatic D cell + pancreatic D cell - + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:12:48.561022 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:12:51.607379 + + + - A mature alpha-beta T cell of a distinct lineage that bears natural killer markers and a T cell receptor specific for a limited set of ligands. NK T cells have activation and regulatory roles particularly early in an immune response. - GOC:add - ISBN:0781735149 + A D cell located in the pancreas. Peripherally placed within the islets like type A cells; contains somatostatin. + FMA:0517223651 + GOC:tfm - + - - - A T cell which regulates overall immune responses as well as the responses of other T cell subsets through direct cell-cell contact and cytokine release. - suppressor T cell - suppressor T lymphocyte - suppressor T-cell - suppressor T-lymphocyte - BTO:0004520 - FMA:84070 - Treg - regulatory T lymphocyte - regulatory T-cell - regulatory T-lymphocyte + + The main structural component of the liver. They are specialized epithelial cells that are organized into interconnected plates called lobules. Majority of cell population of liver, polygonal in shape, arranged in plates or trabeculae between sinusoids; may have single nucleus or binucleated. + BTO:0000575 + CALOHA:TS-0454 + FMA:14515 cell - This cell type may express FoxP3 and CD25 and secretes IL-10 and TGF-beta. + Hepatocytes are reportedly MHC Class I-positive and MHC Class II-positive. - regulatory T cell - regulatory T cell + hepatocyte + hepatocyte - - - - True - 2022-02-09T10:26:37.611689 - - - + - A T cell which regulates overall immune responses as well as the responses of other T cell subsets through direct cell-cell contact and cytokine release. - GOC:add - GO_REF:0000031 + The main structural component of the liver. They are specialized epithelial cells that are organized into interconnected plates called lobules. Majority of cell population of liver, polygonal in shape, arranged in plates or trabeculae between sinusoids; may have single nucleus or binucleated. + GOC:tfm + ISBN:0412046911 + MESH:A11.436.348 + PMID:19717280 + http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepatocyte - + - - - An immature B cell is a B cell that has the phenotype surface IgM-positive and surface IgD-negative, and have not undergone class immunoglobulin class switching or peripheral encounter with antigen and activation. - - immature B lymphocyte - immature B-cell - immature B-lymphocyte - newly formed B cell + + Contractile cells resembling smooth muscle cells that are present in glands, notably the mammary gland, and aid in secretion. This cell has long weaving dendritic processes containing myofilament. + BTO:0002309 + CALOHA:TS-2379 + FMA:67799 + basket epithelial cell + myoepitheliocyte cell - Immature B cells are also reportedly CD5-positive, CD10-positive, CD19-positive, CD20-positive, CD21-positive, CD22-positive, CD24-positive, CD25-negative, CD27-negative, CD34-negative, CD38-positive, CD40-positive, CD43-negative, CD45-positive, CD48-positive, CD53-positive, CD79a-positive, CD80-negative, CD81-positive, CD86-negative, CD95-negative, CD127-negative, CD138-negative, CD185-positive, CD196-positive, MHCII/HLA-DR-positive, RAG-positive, TdT-negative, Vpre-B-negative, and preBCR-negative. Transcription factors expressed: Pax5-positive. - immature B cell - immature B cell + myoepithelial cell + myoepithelial cells of glands - - - - True - 2022-02-09T10:26:37.611660 + + + Contractile cells resembling smooth muscle cells that are present in glands, notably the mammary gland, and aid in secretion. This cell has long weaving dendritic processes containing myofilament. + GOC:tfm + ISBN:0721662544 + + + + + + + An animal cell that has characteristics of both a fibroblast cell and a smooth muscle cell. + MFB + cell + Myofibroblasts are alpha-SMA-positive, CD34-negative, CD45-negative. They are reportedly capable of secreting IL-1beta, IL-6, and TNF-alpha. + + myofibroblast cell + myofibroblast cell + secondary crest myofibroblasts + - + - An immature B cell is a B cell that has the phenotype surface IgM-positive and surface IgD-negative, and have not undergone class immunoglobulin class switching or peripheral encounter with antigen and activation. - GOC:add + An animal cell that has characteristics of both a fibroblast cell and a smooth muscle cell. GOC:dsd - GOC:rhs GOC:tfm - GO_REF:0000031 - ISBN:0781735149 - PMID:20081059 - PMID:20839338 + MESH:D058628 + PMID:19800625 + PMID:20630469 - + - newly formed B cell - ISBN:781735149 + MFB + PMID:8731193 - + - - - A precursor B cell is a B cell with the phenotype CD10-positive. - BTO:0001133 - CALOHA:TS-0819 + + A somatic cell located in skeletal muscle. + BTO:0004392 + CALOHA:TS-2158 + FMA:9727 + skeletal muscle cell cell - pre-B cell - precursor B cell - precursor B cell + cell of skeletal muscle + cell of skeletal muscle - - - - True - 2022-02-09T10:26:37.611681 - - - + - A precursor B cell is a B cell with the phenotype CD10-positive. - GOC:rhs + A somatic cell located in skeletal muscle. GOC:tfm - GO_REF:0000031 - + - - - An immature B cell of an intermediate stage between the pre-B cell stage and the mature naive stage with the phenotype surface IgM-positive and CD19-positive, and are subject to the process of B cell selection. A transitional B cell migrates from the bone marrow into the peripheral circulation, and then to the spleen. - transitional B cell - transitional stage B lymphocyte - transitional stage B-cell - transitional stage B-lymphocyte - T1 B cell - T2 B cell - T3 B cell + + A non-striated, elongated, spindle-shaped cell found lining the digestive tract, uterus, and blood vessels. They develop from specialized myoblasts (smooth muscle myoblast). + CL:0000191 + non-striated muscle cell + BTO:0004576 + CALOHA:TS-2159 + FMA:14072 + SMCs + myocytes, smooth muscle + smooth muscle fiber cell - This cell type is compatible with the HIPC Lyoplate markers for 'transitional B cell'. - transitional stage B cell - transitional stage B cell + smooth muscle cell + smooth muscle + smooth muscle cell - - - - True - 2022-02-09T10:26:37.611693 + + + A non-striated, elongated, spindle-shaped cell found lining the digestive tract, uterus, and blood vessels. They develop from specialized myoblasts (smooth muscle myoblast). + MESH:A11.620.520 + MESH:D032389 + PMID:9315361 + http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smooth_muscle_cell - - - An immature B cell of an intermediate stage between the pre-B cell stage and the mature naive stage with the phenotype surface IgM-positive and CD19-positive, and are subject to the process of B cell selection. A transitional B cell migrates from the bone marrow into the peripheral circulation, and then to the spleen. - GOC:add - GO_REF:0000031 - ISBN:0781735149 - PMID:12810111 - PMID:22343568 + + + SMCs + PMID:9315361 - + - transitional B cell - PMID:22343568 + myocytes, smooth muscle + MESH:D032389 - + - - A natural killer cell that is developmentally mature and expresses a variety of inhibitory and activating receptors that recognize MHC class I and other stress related molecules. - - LAK cell - lymphokine activated killer cell - mature NK cell + + A red blood cell. In mammals, mature erythrocytes are biconcave disks containing hemoglobin whose function is to transport oxygen. + BTO:0000424 + CALOHA:TS-0290 + FMA:81100 + RBC + red blood cell cell - mature natural killer cell - mature natural killer cell + erythrocyte + erythrocyte - + - A natural killer cell that is developmentally mature and expresses a variety of inhibitory and activating receptors that recognize MHC class I and other stress related molecules. - GOC:add - GO_REF:0000031 - ISBN:0781735149 - PMID:14685782 - - - - - LAK cell - PMID:14685782 - - - - - lymphokine activated killer cell - PMID:14685782 + A red blood cell. In mammals, mature erythrocytes are biconcave disks containing hemoglobin whose function is to transport oxygen. + GOC:tfm + MESH:A11.118.290 - + - - A progenitor cell of the B cell lineage, with some lineage specific activity such as early stages of recombination of B cell receptor genes, but not yet fully committed to the B cell lineage until the expression of PAX5 occurs. - pre-pro B cell - BTO:0003104 - pro-B lymphocyte - pro-B-cell - pro-B-lymphocyte - progenitor B cell - progenitor B lymphocyte - progenitor B-cell - progenitor B-lymphocyte + + A non-nucleated disk-shaped cell formed by extrusion from megakaryocytes, found in the blood of all mammals, and mainly involved in blood coagulation. + BTO:0000132 + CALOHA:TS-0803 + FMA:62851 + anucleate thrombocyte + blood platelet + enucleate thrombocyte cell - pre-B cell (Philadelphia nomenclature) - Human pro-B cells are reportedly CD10-positive, CD22-positive, CD34-positive, CD38-positive, CD45-low, CD48-positive, CD79a-positive, CD127-positive, CD184-positive, RAG-positive, TdT-positive, Vpre-B-positive, pre-BCR-negative, IgD-negative, and IgM-negative. Transcription factors expressed: Pax5-positive, EBF-positive, E2A-negative, Ikaros-negative, and PU.1-negative. + Platelets are reportedly CCR1-positive, CCR2-negative, CCR3-positive, CCR4-positive, CCR5-negative, CCR6-negative, CCR7-negative, CCR8-negative, CCR9-negative, CCR10-negative, CD16-positive, CD23-positive, CD32-positive, CD40-positive, CD41-positive CD42-positive, CD61-positive, CD62P-positive, CD64-positive, CD89-positive, CD102-positive, CD147-positive (activated platelets), CD154-positive (activated platelets), CD162-positive, CD209, CD282-positive, CD284-positive, CD289-positive, CD181-negative, CD182-negative, CD183-negative, CD184-positive, CLEC2-positive, GPVI-positive, JAMC-positive, PAR1-positive, PAR2-negative, PAR3-positive, PAR4-positive, TSP1-positive, and TXA2R-positive. Platelets can reportedly produce CCL2, CCL3, CCL5, CCL7, CCL17, CD40L, CXCL1, CXCL4, CXCL4L1, CXCL5, CXCL7, CXCL8, CXCL12, EGF, factor V, factor VII, factor XI, factor XIII, bFGF, histamine, IGF-1, IL-1beta, PAI-1, PDGF, plasminogen, protein S, serotonin, TGF-beta, TFPI, VEGF, and vWF. - pro-B cell - pro-B cell + platelet + platelet - + - A progenitor cell of the B cell lineage, with some lineage specific activity such as early stages of recombination of B cell receptor genes, but not yet fully committed to the B cell lineage until the expression of PAX5 occurs. + A non-nucleated disk-shaped cell formed by extrusion from megakaryocytes, found in the blood of all mammals, and mainly involved in blood coagulation. GOC:add GOC:dsd - ISBN:0781735149 - PMID:12633665 - PMID:16551251 - PMID:18432934 - - - - - pre-pro B cell - PMID:17582343 + GOC:tfm + MESH:A11.118.188 + MESH:D001792 + PMID:11110672 + PMID:16987572 + PMID:17204662 + PMID:17479180 + PMID:20414831 + http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platelet + + + + + + + A mononuclear phagocyte present in variety of tissues, typically differentiated from monocytes, capable of phagocytosing a variety of extracellular particulate material, including immune complexes, microorganisms, and dead cells. + BTO:0000801 + CALOHA:TS-0587 + FMA:63261 + FMA:83585 + histiocyte + cell + Morphology: Diameter 30_M-80 _M, abundant cytoplasm, low N/C ratio, eccentric nucleus. Irregular shape with pseudopods, highly adhesive. Contain vacuoles and phagosomes, may contain azurophilic granules; markers: Mouse & Human: CD68, in most cases CD11b. Mouse: in most cases F4/80+; role or process: immune, antigen presentation, & tissue remodelling; lineage: hematopoietic, myeloid. + + macrophage + macrophage + - - - pre-B cell (Philadelphia nomenclature) - PMID:11244048 + + + A mononuclear phagocyte present in variety of tissues, typically differentiated from monocytes, capable of phagocytosing a variety of extracellular particulate material, including immune complexes, microorganisms, and dead cells. + GOC:add + GOC:tfm + GO_REF:0000031 + PMID:16213494 + PMID:1919437 - + - - - - - - - - A precursor in the granulocytic series, being a cell intermediate in development between a myeloblast and myelocyte, that has distinct nucleoli, a nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio of 5:1 to 3:1, and containing a few primary cytoplasmic granules. Markers for this cell are fucosyltransferase FUT4-positive, CD33-positive, integrin alpha-M-negative, low affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc region receptor III-negative, and CD24-negative. - CALOHA:TS-0825 - FMA:83530 + + + A lymphocyte of B lineage that is capable of B cell mediated immunity. + BTO:0000776 + CALOHA:TS-0068 + FMA:62869 + VHOG:0001480 + B lymphocyte + B-cell + B-lymphocyte cell - promyelocyte - promyelocyte + B cell + B cell - + - - - - - - + True - 2022-02-09T10:27:21.898816 + 2022-02-10T18:12:48.561029 - + - A precursor in the granulocytic series, being a cell intermediate in development between a myeloblast and myelocyte, that has distinct nucleoli, a nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio of 5:1 to 3:1, and containing a few primary cytoplasmic granules. Markers for this cell are fucosyltransferase FUT4-positive, CD33-positive, integrin alpha-M-negative, low affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc region receptor III-negative, and CD24-negative. + A lymphocyte of B lineage that is capable of B cell mediated immunity. GOC:add - GOC:amm GOC:tfm - ISBN:0721601464 - http://www.cap.org + GO_REF:0000031 + ISBN:0781735149 - + - - A hematopoietic multipotent progenitor cell is multipotent, but not capable of long-term self-renewal. These cells are characterized as lacking lineage cell surface markers and being CD34-positive in both mice and humans. - BTO:0000725 - CALOHA:TS-0448 - MPP - hemopoietic progenitor cell + cell - Markers differ between mouse and human. - hematopoietic multipotent progenitor cell - hematopoietic multipotent progenitor cell + stratified squamous epithelial cell - - - - A hematopoietic multipotent progenitor cell is multipotent, but not capable of long-term self-renewal. These cells are characterized as lacking lineage cell surface markers and being CD34-positive in both mice and humans. - GOC:add - GOC:tfm - PMID:19022770 - - + - - An immature cell of the conventional dendritic cell lineage, characterized by high levels of antigen uptake via endocytosis, macropinocytosis, and phagocytosis, and typically found resident in the tissues. Markers for this cell are CD80-low, CD86-low, and MHC-II-low. - - immature myeloid dendritic cell + cell - immature conventional dendritic cell - immature conventional dendritic cell + stratified cuboidal epithelial cell + stratified cuboidal epithelial cell - - - - An immature cell of the conventional dendritic cell lineage, characterized by high levels of antigen uptake via endocytosis, macropinocytosis, and phagocytosis, and typically found resident in the tissues. Markers for this cell are CD80-low, CD86-low, and MHC-II-low. - GOC:add - GOC:tfm - PMID:9521319 - - + - - NK cell that has the phenotype CD56-bright, CD16-negative, and CD84-positive with the function to secrete interferon-gamma but is not cytotoxic. - CD16-CD56bright NK cell - CD16-negative, CD56-bright NK cell - CD56-bright cytokine secreting NK cell - CD56-bright cytokine secreting natural killer cell + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A modified epidermal cell located in the stratum basale. They are found mostly in areas where sensory perception is acute. Merkel cells are closely associated with an expanded terminal bulb of an afferent myelinated nerve fiber. + FMA:70548 + Merkel's cell cell - This cell type is compatible with the HIPC Lyoplate markers for 'CD16-CD56bright NK cell'. Markers are associated with human cell types. - CD16-negative, CD56-bright natural killer cell, human - CD16-negative, CD56-bright natural killer cell + Merkel cell + Merkel cell - - - NK cell that has the phenotype CD56-bright, CD16-negative, and CD84-positive with the function to secrete interferon-gamma but is not cytotoxic. - GOC:add - GOC:pam - GOC:tfm - GO_REF:0000031 - PMID:19796267 - PMID:22343568 + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:07:07.585528 - - - CD16-CD56bright NK cell - PMID:22343568 + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:15:22.380637 + + + + + A modified epidermal cell located in the stratum basale. They are found mostly in areas where sensory perception is acute. Merkel cells are closely associated with an expanded terminal bulb of an afferent myelinated nerve fiber. + MESH:A08.800.550.700.500.425 - + - - A lymphocyte of B lineage with the commitment to express an immunoglobulin complex. + + A cell characteristically found lining hollow organs that are subject to great mechanical change due to contraction and distention; originally thought to represent a transition between stratified squamous and columnar epithelium. + FMA:66778 cell - Types of B lineage lymphocytes include B cells and antibody secreting cells (plasmablasts and plasma cells). Lymphocytes of B cell lineage can be distinguished from those of T cell lineage by their lack of CD3e (as part of the T cell receptor complex). - lymphocyte of B lineage - lymphocyte of B lineage + transitional epithelial cell - + - A lymphocyte of B lineage with the commitment to express an immunoglobulin complex. - GOC:add - GOC:rhs + A cell characteristically found lining hollow organs that are subject to great mechanical change due to contraction and distention; originally thought to represent a transition between stratified squamous and columnar epithelium. GOC:tfm - GO_REF:0000031 - ISBN:0781735149 + ISBN:0721662544 - + - - Conventional dendritic cell is a dendritic cell that is CD11c-high. - interdigitating cell - veiled cell - FMA:84191 - DC1 - cDC - dendritic reticular cell - type 1 DC + + cell - Originally described in the dendritic cell ontology (DC_CL:0000003)(PMID:19243617) These cells are also CD20-negative, MHCII-positive. - conventional dendritic cell - conventional dendritic cell + eye photoreceptor cell + eye photoreceptor cell - - - Conventional dendritic cell is a dendritic cell that is CD11c-high. - GOC:amm - GO_REF:0000031 - PMID:17850486 + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:02:11.665652 - + - - - A monocyte that expresses CD14 and is negative for the lineage markers CD3, CD19, and CD20. - monocyte + + + + + + + + An epidermal cell which synthesizes keratin and undergoes a characteristic change as it moves upward from the basal layers of the epidermis to the cornified (horny) layer of the skin. Successive stages of differentiation of the keratinocytes forming the epidermal layers are basal cell, spinous or prickle cell, and the granular cell. + CL:0002185 + BTO:0000667 + CALOHA:TS-0500 + FMA:62879 + keratinized cell of epidermis + malpighian cell cell - This cell type is compatible with the HIPC Lyoplate markers for 'monocyte'. Note that while CD14 is considered a reliable marker for human monocytes, it is only expressed on approximately 85% of mouse monocytes. + Keratinocytes are reportedly CDw210a-negative, CDw210b-positive, CD281-positive, CD282-positive, CD285-positive, IL22Ra1-positive, Human keratinocytes are reportedly capable of secreting BD-2, BD-3, hCAP-18, CXCL1, CXCL5, CXCL8, elafin, MMP-3, NGAL, PDGF-A, S100A7, S100A8, and S100A9. Transcription factors: STAT3-positive. - CD14-positive monocyte - CD14-positive monocyte + keratinocyte + keratinocyte - + - + + + + + + True - 2022-02-09T10:26:37.611706 + 2022-02-10T18:07:07.585522 - + - A monocyte that expresses CD14 and is negative for the lineage markers CD3, CD19, and CD20. - GOC:add - PMID:22343568 - - - - - monocyte - PMID:22343568 + An epidermal cell which synthesizes keratin and undergoes a characteristic change as it moves upward from the basal layers of the epidermis to the cornified (horny) layer of the skin. Successive stages of differentiation of the keratinocytes forming the epidermal layers are basal cell, spinous or prickle cell, and the granular cell. + GOC:dsd + MESH:A11.436.397 + MESH:D015603 + PMID:15582983 + PMID:15749908 + PMID:19727116 + http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keratinocyte - + - - A dendritic cell with the phenotype HLA-DRA-positive. - dendritic cell + + + + + + + + A cell secreting sebun, an oily substance secreted by sebaceous glands, composed of keratin, fat, and cellular debris. + sebocyte cell - This cell type is compatible with the HIPC Lyoplate markers for 'dendritic cell'. The inclusion of HLA-DRA in the definition restricts this definition to human dendritic cells. - dendritic cell, human - dendritic cell, human + sebum secreting cell + sebum secreting cell - - - A dendritic cell with the phenotype HLA-DRA-positive. - GOC:add - PMID:22343568 + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:07:07.585534 - - - dendritic cell - PMID:22343568 + + + A cell secreting sebun, an oily substance secreted by sebaceous glands, composed of keratin, fat, and cellular debris. + MESH:A12.200.702 - + - - - A plasmacytoid dendritic cell with the phenotype HLA-DRA-positive, CD123-positive, and CD11c-negative. - plasmacytoid dendritic cell + + + + + + + + A smooth muscle cell associated with the vasculature. + VSMC + vascular smooth muscle cell cell - This cell type is compatible with the HIPC Lyoplate markers for 'plasmacytoid dendritic cell'. The inclusion of HLA-DRA in the definition restricts this definition to human plasmacytoid dendritic cells. - plasmacytoid dendritic cell, human - plasmacytoid dendritic cell, human + vascular associated smooth muscle cell + smooth muscle cell + vascular associated smooth muscle cell - + - - True - 2022-02-09T10:26:37.611675 + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:03:49.273052 + + + + + A smooth muscle cell associated with the vasculature. + GOC:dsd + GOC:tfm + + + + + + + + A secretory cell that discharges its product without loss of cytoplasm. + cell + + eccrine cell + eccrine cell + + + + + A secretory cell that discharges its product without loss of cytoplasm. + ISBN:0198547684 + + + + + + + + A cell with extensive dendritic processes found in the B cell areas (primary follicles and germinal centers) of lymphoid tissue. They are unrelated to the dendritic cell associated with T cells. Follicular dendritic cells have Fc receptors and C3b receptors, but unlike other dendritic cells, they do not process or present antigen in a way that allows recognition by T cells. Instead, they hold antigen in the form of immune complexes on their surfaces for long periods and can present antigen to B cells during an immune response. + BTO:0004267 + FMA:83037 + cell + Due to its unique lineage and distinct function, this is not a type of dendritic cell; CL:0000451. + + follicular dendritic cell + follicular dendritic cell + + + + + A cell with extensive dendritic processes found in the B cell areas (primary follicles and germinal centers) of lymphoid tissue. They are unrelated to the dendritic cell associated with T cells. Follicular dendritic cells have Fc receptors and C3b receptors, but unlike other dendritic cells, they do not process or present antigen in a way that allows recognition by T cells. Instead, they hold antigen in the form of immune complexes on their surfaces for long periods and can present antigen to B cells during an immune response. + ISBN:127520252 + + + + + + + + A cell of hematopoietic origin, typically resident in particular tissues, specialized in the uptake, processing, and transport of antigens to lymph nodes for the purpose of stimulating an immune response via T cell activation. These cells are lineage negative (CD3-negative, CD19-negative, CD34-negative, and CD56-negative). + BTO:0002042 + CALOHA:TS-0194 + FMA:83036 + cell + interdigitating cell + veiled cell + + dendritic cell + dendritic cell + + + + + A cell of hematopoietic origin, typically resident in particular tissues, specialized in the uptake, processing, and transport of antigens to lymph nodes for the purpose of stimulating an immune response via T cell activation. These cells are lineage negative (CD3-negative, CD19-negative, CD34-negative, and CD56-negative). + GOC:add + ISBN:0781735149 + + + + + + + + Langerhans cell is a conventional dendritic cell that has plasma membrane part CD207. A Langerhans cell is a stellate dendritic cell of myeloid origin, that appears clear on light microscopy and has a dark-staining, indented nucleus and characteristic inclusions (Birbeck granules) in the cytoplasm; Langerhans cells are found principally in the stratum spinosum of the epidermis, but they also occur in other stratified epithelia and have been identified in the lung, lymph nodes, spleen, and thymus. + BTO:0000705 + CALOHA:TS-2375 + FMA:63072 + LC + Langerhans' cell + cell + Originally described in the dendritic cell ontology (DC_CL:0000021 )(PMID:19243617). These cells are also CD1a-high, CD14-negative, CD207-positive (langerin), CD324-positive (E-cadherin), and DCIR-positive. They reside in the epidermis. + + Langerhans cell + Langerhans cell + + + + + Langerhans cell is a conventional dendritic cell that has plasma membrane part CD207. A Langerhans cell is a stellate dendritic cell of myeloid origin, that appears clear on light microscopy and has a dark-staining, indented nucleus and characteristic inclusions (Birbeck granules) in the cytoplasm; Langerhans cells are found principally in the stratum spinosum of the epidermis, but they also occur in other stratified epithelia and have been identified in the lung, lymph nodes, spleen, and thymus. + GOC:add + GOC:amm + GO_REF:0000031 + ISBN:0721601464 + ISBN:0781735149 + PMCID:PMC2346585 + PMID:17850486 + + + + + + + + A CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell that cooperates with other lymphocytes via direct contact or cytokine release to initiate a variety of immune functions. + CALOHA:TS-1146 + FMA:70572 + CD4-positive T-helper cell + CD4-positive helper T lymphocyte + CD4-positive helper T-cell + CD4-positive helper T-lymphocyte + cell + + CD4-positive helper T cell + CD4-positive helper T cell + + + + + A CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell that cooperates with other lymphocytes via direct contact or cytokine release to initiate a variety of immune functions. + GOC:add + GOC:pam + GOC:tfm + GO_REF:0000031 + ISBN:0781735149 + MESH:A11.118.637.555.567.569.200.400 + + + + + + + + A peptide hormone secreting cell that secretes gastrin. + cell + + gastrin secreting cell + gastrin secreting cell + + + + + A peptide hormone secreting cell that secretes gastrin. + GO:tfm + + + + + + + + A neuron which conveys sensory information centrally from the periphery. + FMA:87653 + input neuron + cell + + afferent neuron + afferent neuron cell + + + + + A neuron which conveys sensory information centrally from the periphery. + GOC:tfm + MESH:A08.663.650 + + + + + + + + The basic cellular unit of nervous tissue. Each neuron consists of a body, an axon, and dendrites. Their purpose is to receive, conduct, and transmit impulses in the nervous system. + BTO:0000938 + CALOHA:TS-0683 + FBbt:00005106 + FMA:54527 + VHOG:0001483 + WBbt:0003679 + nerve cell + cell + These cells are also reportedly CD4-negative and CD200-positive. They are also capable of producing CD40L and IFN-gamma. + + neuron + Neuron + neuron + + + + + The basic cellular unit of nervous tissue. Each neuron consists of a body, an axon, and dendrites. Their purpose is to receive, conduct, and transmit impulses in the nervous system. + MESH:A08.663 + MESH:D009474 + http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuron + + + + + + + + A lymphocyte is a leukocyte commonly found in the blood and lymph that has the characteristics of a large nucleus, a neutral staining cytoplasm, and prominent heterochromatin. + BTO:0000775 + CALOHA:TS-0583 + FMA:62863 + VHOG:0001535 + cell + Editors note: consider adding taxon constraint to vertebrata (PMID:18025161) + + lymphocyte + lymphocyte + + + + + A lymphocyte is a leukocyte commonly found in the blood and lymph that has the characteristics of a large nucleus, a neutral staining cytoplasm, and prominent heterochromatin. + GOC:add + ISBN:0683073696 + ISBN:0781735149 + + + + + + + + A CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell that has the phenotype T-bet-positive, CXCR3-positive, CCR6-negative, and is capable of producing interferon-gamma. + BTO:0001678 + FMA:84382 + T helper cells type 1 + T(H)-1 cell + Th1 CD4+ T cell + Th1 T cell + Th1 T lymphocyte + Th1 T-cell + Th1 T-lymphocyte + Th1 cell + helper T cell type 1 + cell + This cell type is compatible with the HIPC Lyoplate markers for 'Th1 CD4+ T cell', but its logical definition includes additional known characteristics of T-helper 1 T cells. + + T-helper 1 cell + T-helper 1 cell + + + + + A CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell that has the phenotype T-bet-positive, CXCR3-positive, CCR6-negative, and is capable of producing interferon-gamma. + GOC:add + GOC:pam + GOC:tfm + GO_REF:0000031 + PMID:19375293 + PMID:20303875 + PMID:22343568 + + + + + T helper cells type 1 + PMID:9419219 + + + + + Th1 CD4+ T cell + PMID:22343568 + + + + + + + + A CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell that has the phenotype GATA-3-positive, CXCR3-negative, CCR6-negative, and is capable of producing interleukin-4. + BTO:0001679 + FMA:84385 + T helper cells type 2 + T(H)-2 cell + Th2 T cell + Th2 T lymphocyte + Th2 T-cell + Th2 T-lymphocyte + Th2 cell + helper T cell type 2 + cell + This cell type is compatible with the HIPC Lyoplate markers for 'non-Th1/Th17 CD4+ T cell' (see CL:0001051), but includes the additional necessary and sufficient conditions to allow classification as a T-helper 2 T cell. + + T-helper 2 cell + T-helper 2 cell + + + + + A CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell that has the phenotype GATA-3-positive, CXCR3-negative, CCR6-negative, and is capable of producing interleukin-4. + GOC:add + GOC:pam + GOC:tfm + GO_REF:0000031 + PMID:19375293 + PMID:20103781 + PMID:22343568 + + + + + T helper cells type 2 + PMID:9419219 + + + + + + + + The earliest cytologically identifiable precursor in the thrombocytic series. This cell is capable of endomitosis and lacks expression of hematopoieitic lineage markers (lin-negative). + BTO:0001164 + CALOHA:TS-0610 + FMA:84235 + CFU-Meg + Meg-CFC + MkP + colony-forming unit-megakaryocyte + megacaryoblast + megacaryocyte progenitor cell + megakaryoblast + megakaryocytic progenitor cell + cell + promegacaryocyte + promegakaryocyte + Lineage negative is described here as CD2-negative, CD3-negative, CD4-negative, CD5-negative, CD8a-negative, CD14-negative, CD19-negative, CD20-negative, CD56-negative, Ly6g-negative, and Ter119-negative. + + megakaryocyte progenitor cell + megakaryocyte progenitor cell + + + + + The earliest cytologically identifiable precursor in the thrombocytic series. This cell is capable of endomitosis and lacks expression of hematopoieitic lineage markers (lin-negative). + GOC:dsd + GOC:tfm + ISBN:0721601464 + + + + + CFU-Meg + PMID:11722431 + PMID:12482498 + + + + + Meg-CFC + PMCID:PMC1794060 + + + + + MkP + PMID:21116988 + + + + + megakaryocytic progenitor cell + PMID:12482498 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A giant cell 50 to 100 micron in diameter, with a greatly lobulated nucleus, found in the bone marrow; mature blood platelets are released from its cytoplasm. + BTO:0000843 + CALOHA:TS-0611 + FMA:83555 + megacaryocyte + megalocaryocyte + megalokaryocyte + cell + Megakaryocytes are reportedly CD181-positive and CD182-positive. + + megakaryocyte + Megakaryocyte + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T17:59:03.997698 + + + + + A giant cell 50 to 100 micron in diameter, with a greatly lobulated nucleus, found in the bone marrow; mature blood platelets are released from its cytoplasm. + ISBN:0721601464 + MESH:D008533 + http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megakaryocyte + + + + + + + + A precursor in the monocytic series, being a cell intermediate in development between the monoblast and monocyte. This cell is CD11b-positive and has fine azurophil granules. + BTO:0004657 + FMA:83551 + cell + Morphology: Mononuclear cell, diameter 14-18 _M, fine azurophilic granules; markers: CD11b (shared with many other myeloid cells); location: Adult: bone marrow; Fetal: Liver, Yolk Sac; role or process: hematopoiesis, monocyte development; lineage: hematopoietic, myeloid. + + promonocyte + promonocyte + + + + + A precursor in the monocytic series, being a cell intermediate in development between the monoblast and monocyte. This cell is CD11b-positive and has fine azurophil granules. + GOC:tfm + ISBN:0721601464 + + + + + + + + + Interneuron of the vertebrate retina. They integrate, modulate, and interpose a temporal domain in the visual message presented to the retinal ganglion cells, with which they synapse in the inner plexiform layer. They lack large axons. + BTO:0004044 + FMA:67766 + amacrine neuron + cell + + amacrine cell + Amacrine Cell + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:02:11.665621 + + + + + Interneuron of the vertebrate retina. They integrate, modulate, and interpose a temporal domain in the visual message presented to the retinal ganglion cells, with which they synapse in the inner plexiform layer. They lack large axons. + GOC:tfm + MESH:A08.663.358.050 + WikipediaVersioned:Amacrine_cell&oldid=1023572246 + + + + + + + + + One of the two photoreceptor cell types in the vertebrate retina. In cones the photopigment is in invaginations of the cell membrane of the outer segment. Cones are less sensitive to light than rods, but they provide vision with higher spatial and temporal acuity, and the combination of signals from cones with different pigments allows color vision. + BTO:0001036 + CALOHA:TS-0866 + FMA:67748 + cell + + retinal cone cell + retinal cone cell + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:02:11.665607 + + + + + One of the two photoreceptor cell types in the vertebrate retina. In cones the photopigment is in invaginations of the cell membrane of the outer segment. Cones are less sensitive to light than rods, but they provide vision with higher spatial and temporal acuity, and the combination of signals from cones with different pigments allows color vision. + MESH:A08.663.650.650.670.100 + + + + + + + + An epithelial cell of the cornea. + CL:1000431 + BTO:0004298 + CALOHA:TS-0173 + FMA:70551 + epithelial cell of cornea + cell + + corneal epithelial cell + corneal epithelial cell + + + + + An epithelial cell of the cornea. + GOC:tfm + + + + + epithelial cell of cornea + FMA:70551 + + + + + + + + Myeloid mononuclear recirculating leukocyte that can act as a precursor of tissue macrophages, osteoclasts and some populations of tissue dendritic cells. + BTO:0000876 + CALOHA:TS-0638 + FMA:62864 + cell + Morphology: Mononuclear cell, diameter, 14 to 20 _M, N/C ratio 2:1-1:1. Nucleus may appear in variety of shapes: round, kidney, lobulated, or convoluted. Fine azurophilic granules present; markers: CD11b (shared with other myeloid cells), human: CD14, mouse: F4/80-mid,GR1-low; location: Blood, but can be recruited into tissues; role or process: immune & tissue remodelling; lineage: hematopoietic, myeloid. + + monocyte + monocyte + + + + + Myeloid mononuclear recirculating leukocyte that can act as a precursor of tissue macrophages, osteoclasts and some populations of tissue dendritic cells. + GO_REF:0000031 + MESH:A11.118.637.555.652 + + + + + + + + A subtype of enteroendocrine cells found in the gastrointestinal mucosa, particularly in the glands of pyloric antrum; duodenum; and ileum. These cell type secretes serotonin and some neurotransmitters including enkephalins and substance P. Their secretory granules stain readily with silver (argentaffin stain). + CL:0002065 + FMA:62934 + FMA:83132 + Kulchitsky cell + argentaffin cell + enterochromaffin cell + cell + + type EC enteroendocrine cell + type EC enteroendocrine cell + + + + + A subtype of enteroendocrine cells found in the gastrointestinal mucosa, particularly in the glands of pyloric antrum; duodenum; and ileum. These cell type secretes serotonin and some neurotransmitters including enkephalins and substance P. Their secretory granules stain readily with silver (argentaffin stain). + MESH:A03.492.766.440.250 + PMID:9505449 + + + + + + + + + One of the two photoreceptor cell types of the vertebrate retina. In rods the photopigment is in stacks of membranous disks separate from the outer cell membrane. Rods are more sensitive to light than cones, but rod mediated vision has less spatial and temporal resolution than cone vision. + BTO:0001024 + CALOHA:TS-0870 + FMA:67747 + cell + + retinal rod cell + retinal rod cell + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:02:11.665504 + + + + + One of the two photoreceptor cell types of the vertebrate retina. In rods the photopigment is in stacks of membranous disks separate from the outer cell membrane. Rods are more sensitive to light than cones, but rod mediated vision has less spatial and temporal resolution than cone vision. + MESH:A08.663.650.650.670.650 + + + + + + + + A lymphocyte that can spontaneously kill a variety of target cells without prior antigenic activation via germline encoded activation receptors and also regulate immune responses via cytokine release and direct contact with other cells. + large granular lymphocyte + null cell + BTO:0000914 + BTO:0004716 + CALOHA:TS-0664 + FMA:63147 + FMA:83601 + VHOG:0001697 + NK cell + cell + + natural killer cell + Natural killer Cell + natural killer cell + + + + + A lymphocyte that can spontaneously kill a variety of target cells without prior antigenic activation via germline encoded activation receptors and also regulate immune responses via cytokine release and direct contact with other cells. + GOC:add + ISBN:0781735149 + PMID:15771571 + + + + + + + + A mature alpha-beta T cell that expresses an alpha-beta T cell receptor and the CD4 coreceptor. + CD4-positive, alpha-beta T lymphocyte + CD4-positive, alpha-beta T-cell + CD4-positive, alpha-beta T-lymphocyte + cell + + CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell + CD4 positive alpha beta + + + + + A mature alpha-beta T cell that expresses an alpha-beta T cell receptor and the CD4 coreceptor. + GOC:add + ISBN:0781735149 + + + + + + + + A T cell expressing an alpha-beta T cell receptor and the CD8 coreceptor. + CD8-positive, alpha-beta T lymphocyte + CD8-positive, alpha-beta T-cell + CD8-positive, alpha-beta T-lymphocyte + cell + + CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell + CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell + + + + + A T cell expressing an alpha-beta T cell receptor and the CD8 coreceptor. + GOC:add + GOC:tfm + ISBN:0781735149 + + + + + + + + A cell that is found in the perisinusoidal space of the liver that is capable of multiple roles including storage of retinol, presentation of antigen to T cells (including CD1d-restricted NKT cells), and upon activation, production of extracellular matrix components that can contribute to liver fibrosis. This activated state has a myofibroblast-like phenotype, though it's not clear in the literature if this is terminally differentiated. This cell type comprises approximately 8-15% of total cells in the liver. + BTO:0002741 + CALOHA:TS-0452 + FMA:67763 + Ito cell + hepatic perisinusoidal cell + perisinusoidal cell + cell + fat-storing cell + lipocyte + vitamin A-storing cells + Hepatic stellate cells are CD271-positive, desmin-positive, DDR-2-positive, GFAP-positive, synamin-positive, synaptophysin-positive, vimentin-positive, They are capable of producing angiotensin II, fibronectin, laminin, MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-9, MMP-11, TGF-beta1, TIMP-1, TIMP-2, type I collagen, type III collagen, type IV collagen, and type VI collagen. + + hepatic stellate cell + hepatic stellate cell + + + + + A cell that is found in the perisinusoidal space of the liver that is capable of multiple roles including storage of retinol, presentation of antigen to T cells (including CD1d-restricted NKT cells), and upon activation, production of extracellular matrix components that can contribute to liver fibrosis. This activated state has a myofibroblast-like phenotype, though it's not clear in the literature if this is terminally differentiated. This cell type comprises approximately 8-15% of total cells in the liver. + GOC:dsd + MESH:D055166 + PMID:12808230 + PMID:17239632 + PMID:18222966 + PMID:9302568 + http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepatic_stellate_cell + + + + + vitamin A-storing cells + PMID:12808230 + + + + + + + + Undifferentiated; mitotic stem cell for other epithelial cell types; rounded or elliptical with little cytoplasm and few organelles; contain cytokeratin intermediate filament. + BTO:0000939 + FMA:62516 + cell + + basal cell + basal cell + + + + + Undifferentiated; mitotic stem cell for other epithelial cell types; rounded or elliptical with little cytoplasm and few organelles; contain cytokeratin intermediate filament. + GOC:tfm + ISBN:0517223651 + + + + + + + + A smooth muscle cell that synthesizes, stores, and secretes the enzyme renin. This cell type are located in the wall of the afferent arteriole at the entrance to the glomerulus. While having a different origin than other kidney smooth muscle cells, this cell type expresses smooth muscle actin upon maturation. + CL:0000461 + juxtaglomerular cell + FMA:84138 + JG cell + renin secreting cell + cell + + kidney granular cell + kidney granular cell + + + + + A smooth muscle cell that synthesizes, stores, and secretes the enzyme renin. This cell type are located in the wall of the afferent arteriole at the entrance to the glomerulus. While having a different origin than other kidney smooth muscle cells, this cell type expresses smooth muscle actin upon maturation. + GOC:cvs + GOC:tfm + PMID:11457727 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A cell with delicate radiating processes known as desmosomes that form intercellular bridges between other cells of this type. This cell type forms the stratum spinosum (prickle cell layer). A function of this cell is to generate keratin. + CL:0002186 + FMA:69059 + prickle cell of epidermis + cell + + prickle cell + prickle cell + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:15:22.380628 + + + + + A cell with delicate radiating processes known as desmosomes that form intercellular bridges between other cells of this type. This cell type forms the stratum spinosum (prickle cell layer). A function of this cell is to generate keratin. + GOC:tfm + ISBN:0721662544 + ISBN:0815332181 + + + + + + + + A glomerular visceral epithelial cell is a specialized kidney epithelial cell that contains "feet" that interdigitate with the "feet" of other glomerular epithelial cells. + epithelial cell of visceral layer of glomerular capsule + BTO:0002295 + FMA:70967 + glomerular podocyte + podocyte + cell + GO has podocyte as a related synonym due to concern this may refer to more than one cell type. However, this did not turn up in my search. If podocyte does refer to more than one cell type, then we should classify the synonym to 'related'[tfm]. + + glomerular visceral epithelial cell + glomerular visceral epithelial cell + + + + + A glomerular visceral epithelial cell is a specialized kidney epithelial cell that contains "feet" that interdigitate with the "feet" of other glomerular epithelial cells. + GOC:tfm + + + + + epithelial cell of visceral layer of glomerular capsule + FMA:70967 + + + + + glomerular podocyte + FMA:70967 + + + + + + + + A primary oocyte is an oocyte that has not completed female meosis I. + BTO:0000512 + FMA:18645 + cell + primary oogonium + + primary oocyte + primary oocyte + + + + + A primary oocyte is an oocyte that has not completed female meosis I. + GOC:tfm + ISBN:0721662544 + + + + + + + + + An elongated, contractile cell found wrapped about precapillary arterioles outside the basement membrane. Pericytes are present in capillaries where proper adventitia and muscle layer are missing (thus distingushing this cell type from adventitial cells). They are relatively undifferentiated and may become fibroblasts, macrophages, or smooth muscle cells. + CL:0000184 + BTO:0002441 + FMA:63174 + ARC + adventitial reticular cell + cell of Rouget + pericyte + pericyte of Rouget + cell + adventitial cell + Pericytes are CD10-positive, CD13-positive, CD31-negative, CD45-negative, CD106-positive, CD117-negative, CD140-positive, CD144-negative, CD146-positive, CD271-positive, CD325-positive, NG2-positive, RGS5-positive, SMA-positive, and desmin-positive. A subpopulation is CD248-positive. They are also capable of producing angiopoietin 1, CXCL12, TGF-beta, and VEGF-A. + + pericyte cell + pericyte + pericyte cell + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:02:11.665641 + + + + + An elongated, contractile cell found wrapped about precapillary arterioles outside the basement membrane. Pericytes are present in capillaries where proper adventitia and muscle layer are missing (thus distingushing this cell type from adventitial cells). They are relatively undifferentiated and may become fibroblasts, macrophages, or smooth muscle cells. + GOC:dsd + GOC:tfm + ISBN:0721662544 + MESH:D020286 + PMID:16807374 + PMID:17986482 + PMID:20024907 + + + + + ARC + PMID:17986482 + + + + + + + + An absorptive cell of the gut epithelium that endocytoses microorganisms and intact macromolecules from the gut lumen and transports them to the subepithelial space where they are presented to antigen-presenting cells and lymphocytes. + M cell + BTO:0003600 + FMA:62929 + M-cell + microfold cell + cell + Should double check and see if M cells are particular to a specific region. + + M cell of gut + M cell of gut + + + + + An absorptive cell of the gut epithelium that endocytoses microorganisms and intact macromolecules from the gut lumen and transports them to the subepithelial space where they are presented to antigen-presenting cells and lymphocytes. + GOC:jb + GOC:tfm + + + + + + + + cell + + corona radiata cell + corona radiata cell + + + + + + + + + The set of neurons that receives neural inputs via bipolar, horizontal and amacrine cells. The axons of these cells make up the optic nerve. + BTO:0001800 + FMA:67765 + RGC + gangliocyte + ganglion cell of retina + cell + + retinal ganglion cell + retinal ganglion cell + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:02:11.665664 + + + + + The set of neurons that receives neural inputs via bipolar, horizontal and amacrine cells. The axons of these cells make up the optic nerve. + GOC:dph + + + + + + + + Chondrocyte that is terminally differentiated, produces type X collagen, is large in size, and often associated with the replacement of cartilage by bone (endochondral ossification). + cell + is hypertrophic pathological or normal? and can it be described using a pato term? + + hypertrophic chondrocyte + + + + + Chondrocyte that is terminally differentiated, produces type X collagen, is large in size, and often associated with the replacement of cartilage by bone (endochondral ossification). + GO_REF:0000034 + PMID:15951842 + + + + + + + + A columnar chondrocyte that differentiates in the late embryonic growth plate of bone. Columnar chondrocytes vigorously proliferate and form columns in the growth plate. + cell + + columnar chondrocyte + + + + + A columnar chondrocyte that differentiates in the late embryonic growth plate of bone. Columnar chondrocytes vigorously proliferate and form columns in the growth plate. + PMID:15951842 + + + + + + + + + A neuron that laterally connects other neurons in the inner nuclear layer of the retina. + BTO:0004120 + horizontal cell + cell + + retina horizontal cell + retina horizontal cell + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:02:11.665658 + + + + + A neuron that laterally connects other neurons in the inner nuclear layer of the retina. + ISBN:0195088433 + + + + + + + + Cardiac muscle cells are striated muscle cells that are responsible for heart contraction. In mammals, the contractile fiber resembles those of skeletal muscle but are only one third as large in diameter, are richer in sarcoplasm, and contain centrally located instead of peripheral nuclei. + FMA:83808 + cardiocyte + BTO:0001539 + CALOHA:TS-0115 + FMA:14067 + cardiac muscle fiber + cardiac myocyte + cardiomyocyte + heart muscle cell + cell + This class encompasses the muscle cells responsible for heart* contraction in both vertebrates and arthropods. The ultrastucture of a wide range of arthropod heart cells has been examined including spiders, horseshoe crabs, crustaceans (see Sherman, 1973 and refs therein) and insects (see Lehmacher et al (2012) and refs therein). According to these refs, the cells participating in heart contraction in all cases are transversely striated. Insects hearts additionally contain ostial cells, also transversely striated muscle cells, but which do not participate in heart contraction. + + cardiac muscle cell + cardiac muscle cell + + + + + Cardiac muscle cells are striated muscle cells that are responsible for heart contraction. In mammals, the contractile fiber resembles those of skeletal muscle but are only one third as large in diameter, are richer in sarcoplasm, and contain centrally located instead of peripheral nuclei. + GOC:mtg_cardiacconduct_nov11 + GOC:tfm + ISBN:0323052908 + PMID:22426062 + PMID:4711263 + + + + + cardiac muscle fiber + GO:0048739 + + + + + + + + + A bipolar neuron found in the retina and having connections with photoreceptors cells and neurons in the inner plexiform layer. + + retinal bipolar neuron + retinal bipolar neuron + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:02:11.665601 + + + + + A bipolar neuron found in the retina and having connections with photoreceptors cells and neurons in the inner plexiform layer. + PMID:14689473 + + + + + + + + + A bipolar neuron found in the retina and having connections with photoreceptors cells and neurons in the inner half of the inner plexiform layer. These cells depolarize in response to light stimulation of their corresponding photoreceptors. + cell + + ON-bipolar cell + ON-bipolar cell + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:02:11.665646 + + + + + A bipolar neuron found in the retina and having connections with photoreceptors cells and neurons in the inner half of the inner plexiform layer. These cells depolarize in response to light stimulation of their corresponding photoreceptors. + PMID:14689473 + + + + + + + + + A bipolar neuron found in the retina and having connections with photoreceptors cells and neurons in the outer half of the inner plexiform layer. These cells depolatize in response to light to dark transition. + cell + + OFF-bipolar cell + OFF-bipolar cell + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:02:11.665586 + + + + + A bipolar neuron found in the retina and having connections with photoreceptors cells and neurons in the outer half of the inner plexiform layer. These cells depolatize in response to light to dark transition. + PMID:14689473 + + + + + + + + A bipolar neuron found in the retina that is synapsed by rod photoreceptor cells but not by cone photoreceptor cells. These neurons depolarize in response to light. + FMA:67750 + cell + + rod bipolar cell + rod bipolar cell + + + + + A bipolar neuron found in the retina that is synapsed by rod photoreceptor cells but not by cone photoreceptor cells. These neurons depolarize in response to light. + GOC:tfm + PMID:14689473 + + + + + + + + A immature or mature cell in the lineage leading to and including erythrocytes. + CL:0002156 + CALOHA:TS-0290 + FMA:62845 + FMA:83516 + erythropoietic cell + cell + Note that in FMA erythropoietic cells are types of nucleated erythrocytes and thus don't include erythrocytes. + + erythroid lineage cell + erythroid lineage cell + + + + + A immature or mature cell in the lineage leading to and including erythrocytes. + GOC:add + GOC:tfm + + + + + + + + + Any of the immature or mature forms of a granular leukocyte that in its mature form has an irregularly shaped, pale-staining nucleus that is partially constricted into two lobes, and with cytoplasm that contains coarse, bluish-black granules of variable size. Basophils contain vasoactive amines such as histamine and serotonin, which are released on appropriate stimulation. A basophil is CD123-positive, CD193-positive, CD203c-positive, and FceRIa-positive. + polymorphonuclear leucocyte + polymorphonuclear leukocyte + BTO:0000129 + CALOHA:TS-0073 + FMA:62862 + basophilic leucocyte + basophilic leukocyte + cell + Matures in the bone marrow and account for <1% of leukocytes in the peripheral blood, spleen, and bone marrow. Basophils are described as being CD11a-positive, CD11b-positive, CD13-positive, CD15-positive, CD18-positive, CD21-positive, CD25-positive, CD29-positive, CD35-positive, CD40-positive, CD40L-positive, CD44-positive, CD45R-negative, CD46-positive, CD49a-positive, CD49b-positive, CD49d-positive, CD55-positive, CD59-positive, CD62L-positive, CD63-positive, CD69-positive, CD90-negative, CD116-positive, CD117-negative, CD124-positive, CD125-positive, CD131-positive, CD161-positive, CD184-positive, CD191-positive, CD192-positive, CD197-positive, CD200R3-positive, CD218-positive, CD282-positive, CD284-positive, CD289-positive, CD290-positive, CD294-positive, natural killer cell receptor 2B4-positive, smad1-positive, CD3-negative, CD4-negative, CD7-negative, CD8-negative, CD14-negative, CD15-negative, CD16-negative, CD19-negative, CD20-negative, CD34-negative, CD36-negative, CD45R-negative, CD56-negative, CD57-negative, CD235a-negative, and GR1-negative. Transcription factors- GATA1-positive, PU.1-positive. + + basophil + basophil + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T17:59:00.930365 + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T17:59:44.077383 + + + + + Any of the immature or mature forms of a granular leukocyte that in its mature form has an irregularly shaped, pale-staining nucleus that is partially constricted into two lobes, and with cytoplasm that contains coarse, bluish-black granules of variable size. Basophils contain vasoactive amines such as histamine and serotonin, which are released on appropriate stimulation. A basophil is CD123-positive, CD193-positive, CD203c-positive, and FceRIa-positive. + GOC:add + GOC:amm + GOC:dsd + GOC:tfm + ISBN:0721601464 + MESH:D001491 + PMCID:PMC2626675 + PMID:11927641 + PMID:19741522 + PMID:21236338 + PMID:9933081 + + + + + + + + + Any of the immature or mature forms of a granular leukocyte with a nucleus that usually has two lobes connected by one or more slender threads of chromatin, and cytoplasm containing coarse, round granules that are uniform in size and which can be stained by the dye eosin. Eosinophils are CD9-positive, CD191-positive, and CD193-positive. + polymorphonuclear leucocyte + polymorphonuclear leukocyte + BTO:0000399 + CALOHA:TS-0279 + FMA:62861 + eosinocyte + eosinophilic granulocyte + eosinophilic leucocyte + eosinophilic leukocyte + cell + Eosinophils are also CD14-negative, CD32-positive, CD44-positive, CD48-positive, CD69-positive, CD192-negative, MBP1-positive, MBP2-positive, TLR2-negative, TLR4-negative, and lineage-negative (B220, CD2, CD14, CD19, CD56, CD71, CD117, CD123, CD235a (glycophorin A), and TER119). The cytokines IL-3, IL-5, and GM-CSF are involved in their development and differentiation. Usually considered CD16-negative, CD16 is observed on eosinophilic metamyelocyte. + + eosinophil + eosinophil + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T17:59:00.930353 + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T17:59:44.077406 + + + + + Any of the immature or mature forms of a granular leukocyte with a nucleus that usually has two lobes connected by one or more slender threads of chromatin, and cytoplasm containing coarse, round granules that are uniform in size and which can be stained by the dye eosin. Eosinophils are CD9-positive, CD191-positive, and CD193-positive. + GOC:add + GOC:amm + GOC:dsd + GOC:tfm + ISBN:0721601464 + PMCID:PMC2626675 + PMID:10914487 + PMID:1662676 + + + + + + + + Any of the immature or mature forms of a granular leukocyte that in its mature form has a nucleus with three to five lobes connected by slender threads of chromatin, and cytoplasm containing fine inconspicuous granules and stainable by neutral dyes. + PMN + poly + polymorphonuclear leucocyte + polymorphonuclear leukocyte + polymorphonuclear neutrophil + polynuclear neutrophilic leucocyte + polynuclear neutrophilic leukocyte + BTO:0000130 + CALOHA:TS-0688 + FMA:62860 + neutrocyte + neutrophil leucocyte + neutrophil leukocyte + neutrophilic leucocyte + neutrophilic leukocyte + cell + + neutrophil + neutrophil + + + + + Any of the immature or mature forms of a granular leukocyte that in its mature form has a nucleus with three to five lobes connected by slender threads of chromatin, and cytoplasm containing fine inconspicuous granules and stainable by neutral dyes. + GOC:add + GOC:amm + GOC:tfm + ISBN:0721601464 + + + + + + + + A dendritic cell type of distinct morphology, localization, and surface marker expression (CD123-positive) from other dendritic cell types and associated with early stage immune responses, particularly the release of physiologically abundant amounts of type I interferons in response to infection. + BTO:0004625 + DC2 + IPC + T-associated plasma cell + interferon-producing cell + lymphoid dendritic cell + pDC + plasmacytoid T cell + plasmacytoid monocyte + type 2 DC + cell + + plasmacytoid dendritic cell + plasmacytoid dendritic cell + + + + + A dendritic cell type of distinct morphology, localization, and surface marker expression (CD123-positive) from other dendritic cell types and associated with early stage immune responses, particularly the release of physiologically abundant amounts of type I interferons in response to infection. + GOC:add + GOC:dsd + PMCID:PMC2118448 + PMCID:PMC538703 + PMID:15549123 + PMID:17332250 + PMID:17850486 + PMID:20304825 + + + + + + + + + A terminally differentiated, post-mitotic, antibody secreting cell of the B cell lineage with the phenotype CD138-positive, surface immunonoglobulin-negative, and MHC Class II-negative. Plasma cells are oval or round with extensive rough endoplasmic reticulum, a well-developed Golgi apparatus, and a round nucleus having a characteristic cartwheel heterochromatin pattern and are devoted to producing large amounts of immunoglobulin. + BTO:0000392 + FMA:70574 + plasma B cell + plasma B-cell + plasmacyte + plasmocyte + cell + effector B cell + effector B-cell + Plasma cells develop in the spleen and migrate to the bone marrow. Plasma cells are also reportedly CD5-negative, CD10-negative, CD19-positive, CD20-negative, CD21-negative, CD22-negative, CD23-negative, CD24-negative, CD25-negative, CD27-positive, CD34-negative, CD38-positive, CD40-positive, CD43-positive, CD45-positive, CD48-positive, CD53-low, CD80-negative, CD81-positive, CD86-positive, CD95-positive, CD196-negative, CD229-positive, CD270-positive, CD352-positive, CD361-positive, and IgD-negative. Transcription factors: BLIMP1-positive, IRF4-positive, PAX5-negative, SpiB-negative, Ets1-negative, and XBP1-positive. + + plasma cell + plasma cell + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T17:59:00.930359 + + + + + A terminally differentiated, post-mitotic, antibody secreting cell of the B cell lineage with the phenotype CD138-positive, surface immunonoglobulin-negative, and MHC Class II-negative. Plasma cells are oval or round with extensive rough endoplasmic reticulum, a well-developed Golgi apparatus, and a round nucleus having a characteristic cartwheel heterochromatin pattern and are devoted to producing large amounts of immunoglobulin. + GOC:add + GOC:dsd + GO_REF:0000031 + ISBN:0721601464 + ISBN:0781735149 + PMID:19447676 + PMID:20081059 + PMID:20839338 + PMID:20951740 + http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasma_cell + + + + + + + + + A memory B cell is a mature B cell that is long-lived, readily activated upon re-encounter of its antigenic determinant, and has been selected for expression of higher affinity immunoglobulin. This cell type has the phenotype CD19-positive, CD20-positive, MHC Class II-positive, and CD138-negative. + memory B lymphocyte + memory B-cell + memory B-lymphocyte + cell + Memory B-cells are also reportedly CD5-negative, CD10-negative, CD21-positive, CD22-positive, CD23-negative, CD24-positive, CD25-positive, CD27-positive, CD34-negative, CD38-negative, CD40-positive, CD43-negative, CD44-positive, CD45-positive, CD53-positive, CD80-negative, CD81-negative, CD86-positive, and CD196/CCR6-positive. + + memory B cell + memory B cell + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T17:59:00.930384 + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T17:59:44.077409 + + + + + A memory B cell is a mature B cell that is long-lived, readily activated upon re-encounter of its antigenic determinant, and has been selected for expression of higher affinity immunoglobulin. This cell type has the phenotype CD19-positive, CD20-positive, MHC Class II-positive, and CD138-negative. + GOC:add + GOC:dsd + GOC:rhs + GO_REF:0000031 + ISBN:0781735149 + PMID:20081059 + PMID:20839338 + http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memory_B_cell + + + + + + + + + A naive B cell is a mature B cell that has the phenotype surface IgD-positive, surface IgM-positive, CD20-positive, CD27-negative and that has not yet been activated by antigen in the periphery. + naive B lymphocyte + naive B-cell + naive B-lymphocyte + cell + This cell type is compatible with the HIPC Lyoplate markers for 'naive B cell'. Per DSD: Naive B cells are also reportedly CD10-negative, CD19-positive, CD20-positive, CD21-positive, CD22-positive, CD25-negative, CD27-negative, CD34-negative, CD40-positive, CD43-negative, CD45-positive, CD48-positive, CD53-positive, CD80-negative, CD81-positive, CD84-positive, CD86-negative, CD95-negative, CD138-negative, CD150-positive, CD184/CXCR4-positive, CD185/CXCR5-positive, CD196/CCR6-positive, CD200-positive, CD229-positive, CD243-positive, CD289-positive, CD290-positive, CD352-positive, MHCII/HLA-DR-positive, cadherin 9-positive, and sIgH-positive, Transcription factors: Pax5-positive, ETS1-positive, FOXO1A-positive, KLF4-positive, KLF9-positive, MiTF-positive, OBF1-positive, PLZF-positive, and SpiB-positive. + + naive B cell + naive B Cell + naive B cell + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T17:59:00.930350 + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T17:59:44.077350 + + + + + A naive B cell is a mature B cell that has the phenotype surface IgD-positive, surface IgM-positive, CD20-positive, CD27-negative and that has not yet been activated by antigen in the periphery. + GOC:add + GOC:dsd + GOC:rhs + GO_REF:0000031 + ISBN:0781765196 + PMID:19447676 + PMID:20081059 + PMID:20839338 + PMID:20933013 + PMID:22343568 + + + + + + + + A CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell that is found in the columnar epithelium of the gastrointestinal tract. + IEL + intraepithelial lymphocyte + CD4-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial T lymphocyte + CD4-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial T-cell + CD4-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial T-lymphocyte + cell + + CD4-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial T cell + CD4-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial T cell + + + + + A CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell that is found in the columnar epithelium of the gastrointestinal tract. + GOC:add + GOC:tfm + ISBN:0781735149 + + + + + + + + A CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell that is capable of killing target cells in an antigen specific manner with the phenotype perforin-positive and granzyme B-positive. + cytotoxic T cell + cytotoxic T lymphocyte + cytotoxic T-cell + cytotoxic T-lymphocyte + killer T cell + killer T lymphocyte + killer T-cell + killer T-lymphocyte + CALOHA:TS-0190 + FMA:70573 + CD8-positive, alpha-beta cytotoxic T lymphocyte + CD8-positive, alpha-beta cytotoxic T-cell + CD8-positive, alpha-beta cytotoxic T-lymphocyte + cell + Note that while T cells of this subset are loosely referred to 'cytotoxic T cells,' as many other T cell types, including CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cells and gamma-delta T cells exhibit cytotoxicity in vitro and in vivo. + + CD8-positive, alpha-beta cytotoxic T cell + CD8-positive, alpha-beta cytotoxic T cell + + + + + A CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell that is capable of killing target cells in an antigen specific manner with the phenotype perforin-positive and granzyme B-positive. + GOC:add + GOC:pam + GOC:tfm + GO_REF:0000031 + ISBN:0781735149 + + + + + + + + A alpha-beta intraepithelial T cell found in the columnar epithelium of the gastrointestinal tract. Intraepithelial T cells often have distinct developmental pathways and activation requirements. + IEL + intraepithelial lymphocyte + CD8-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial T lymphocyte + CD8-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial T-cell + CD8-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial T-lymphocyte + cell + + CD8-alpha-beta-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial T cell + CD8-alpha-beta-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial T cell + + + + + A alpha-beta intraepithelial T cell found in the columnar epithelium of the gastrointestinal tract. Intraepithelial T cells often have distinct developmental pathways and activation requirements. + GOC:add + ISBN:0781735149 + + + + + + + + A T cell that expresses a gamma-delta T cell receptor complex. + gamma-delta T lymphocyte + gamma-delta T-cell + gamma-delta T-lymphocyte + gammadelta T cell + cell + gd T cell + Note that gamma-delta T cells have both thymic and extrathymic differentiation pathways. + + gamma-delta T cell + gamma delta T cell + gamma-delta T cell + + + + + A T cell that expresses a gamma-delta T cell receptor complex. + GOC:add + GOC:tfm + ISBN:0781735149 + + + + + + + + A thymocyte expressing the alpha-beta T cell receptor complex as well as both the CD4 and CD8 coreceptors. + late cortical thymocyte + DP cell + DP thymocyte + double-positive, alpha-beta immature T lymphocyte + cell + Thymocytes of this stage are undergoing positive and negative selection. + + double-positive, alpha-beta thymocyte + double-positive, alpha-beta thymocyte + + + + + A thymocyte expressing the alpha-beta T cell receptor complex as well as both the CD4 and CD8 coreceptors. + GOC:add + GOC:tfm + GO_REF:0000031 + ISBN:0781735149 + + + + + + + + A mature alpha-beta T cell of a distinct lineage that bears natural killer markers and a T cell receptor specific for a limited set of ligands. NK T cells have activation and regulatory roles particularly early in an immune response. + mature NK T lymphocyte + mature NK T-cell + mature NK T-lymphocyte + mature NKT cell + mature natural killer T cell + mature natural killer T lymphocyte + mature natural killer T-cell + mature natural killer T-lymphocyte + cell + + mature NK T cell + mature NK T cell + + + + + A mature alpha-beta T cell of a distinct lineage that bears natural killer markers and a T cell receptor specific for a limited set of ligands. NK T cells have activation and regulatory roles particularly early in an immune response. + GOC:add + ISBN:0781735149 + + + + + + + + + A T cell which regulates overall immune responses as well as the responses of other T cell subsets through direct cell-cell contact and cytokine release. + suppressor T cell + suppressor T lymphocyte + suppressor T-cell + suppressor T-lymphocyte + BTO:0004520 + FMA:84070 + Treg + regulatory T lymphocyte + regulatory T-cell + regulatory T-lymphocyte + cell + This cell type may express FoxP3 and CD25 and secretes IL-10 and TGF-beta. + + regulatory T cell + regulatory T cell + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T17:59:00.930381 + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T17:59:44.077399 + + + + + A T cell which regulates overall immune responses as well as the responses of other T cell subsets through direct cell-cell contact and cytokine release. + GOC:add + GO_REF:0000031 + + + + + + + + + An immature B cell is a B cell that has the phenotype surface IgM-positive and surface IgD-negative, and have not undergone class immunoglobulin class switching or peripheral encounter with antigen and activation. + + immature B lymphocyte + immature B-cell + immature B-lymphocyte + newly formed B cell + cell + Immature B cells are also reportedly CD5-positive, CD10-positive, CD19-positive, CD20-positive, CD21-positive, CD22-positive, CD24-positive, CD25-negative, CD27-negative, CD34-negative, CD38-positive, CD40-positive, CD43-negative, CD45-positive, CD48-positive, CD53-positive, CD79a-positive, CD80-negative, CD81-positive, CD86-negative, CD95-negative, CD127-negative, CD138-negative, CD185-positive, CD196-positive, MHCII/HLA-DR-positive, RAG-positive, TdT-negative, Vpre-B-negative, and preBCR-negative. Transcription factors expressed: Pax5-positive. + + immature B cell + immature B cell + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T17:59:00.930371 + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T17:59:44.077394 + + + + + An immature B cell is a B cell that has the phenotype surface IgM-positive and surface IgD-negative, and have not undergone class immunoglobulin class switching or peripheral encounter with antigen and activation. + GOC:add + GOC:dsd + GOC:rhs + GOC:tfm + GO_REF:0000031 + ISBN:0781735149 + PMID:20081059 + PMID:20839338 + + + + + newly formed B cell + ISBN:781735149 + + + + + + + + + A precursor B cell is a B cell with the phenotype CD10-positive. + BTO:0001133 + CALOHA:TS-0819 + cell + pre-B cell + + precursor B cell + precursor B cell + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T17:59:00.930368 + + + + + A precursor B cell is a B cell with the phenotype CD10-positive. + GOC:rhs + GOC:tfm + GO_REF:0000031 + + + + + + + + + An immature B cell of an intermediate stage between the pre-B cell stage and the mature naive stage with the phenotype surface IgM-positive and CD19-positive, and are subject to the process of B cell selection. A transitional B cell migrates from the bone marrow into the peripheral circulation, and then to the spleen. + transitional B cell + transitional stage B lymphocyte + transitional stage B-cell + transitional stage B-lymphocyte + T1 B cell + T2 B cell + T3 B cell + cell + This cell type is compatible with the HIPC Lyoplate markers for 'transitional B cell'. + + transitional stage B cell + transitional stage B cell + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T17:59:00.930361 + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T17:59:44.077371 + + + + + An immature B cell of an intermediate stage between the pre-B cell stage and the mature naive stage with the phenotype surface IgM-positive and CD19-positive, and are subject to the process of B cell selection. A transitional B cell migrates from the bone marrow into the peripheral circulation, and then to the spleen. + GOC:add + GO_REF:0000031 + ISBN:0781735149 + PMID:12810111 + PMID:22343568 + + + + + transitional B cell + PMID:22343568 + + + + + + + + A natural killer cell that is developmentally mature and expresses a variety of inhibitory and activating receptors that recognize MHC class I and other stress related molecules. + + LAK cell + lymphokine activated killer cell + mature NK cell + cell + + mature natural killer cell + mature natural killer cell + + + + + A natural killer cell that is developmentally mature and expresses a variety of inhibitory and activating receptors that recognize MHC class I and other stress related molecules. + GOC:add + GO_REF:0000031 + ISBN:0781735149 + PMID:14685782 + + + + + LAK cell + PMID:14685782 + + + + + lymphokine activated killer cell + PMID:14685782 + + + + + + + + A progenitor cell of the B cell lineage, with some lineage specific activity such as early stages of recombination of B cell receptor genes, but not yet fully committed to the B cell lineage until the expression of PAX5 occurs. + pre-pro B cell + BTO:0003104 + pro-B lymphocyte + pro-B-cell + pro-B-lymphocyte + progenitor B cell + progenitor B lymphocyte + progenitor B-cell + progenitor B-lymphocyte + cell + pre-B cell (Philadelphia nomenclature) + Human pro-B cells are reportedly CD10-positive, CD22-positive, CD34-positive, CD38-positive, CD45-low, CD48-positive, CD79a-positive, CD127-positive, CD184-positive, RAG-positive, TdT-positive, Vpre-B-positive, pre-BCR-negative, IgD-negative, and IgM-negative. Transcription factors expressed: Pax5-positive, EBF-positive, E2A-negative, Ikaros-negative, and PU.1-negative. + + pro-B cell + pro-B cell + + + + + A progenitor cell of the B cell lineage, with some lineage specific activity such as early stages of recombination of B cell receptor genes, but not yet fully committed to the B cell lineage until the expression of PAX5 occurs. + GOC:add + GOC:dsd + ISBN:0781735149 + PMID:12633665 + PMID:16551251 + PMID:18432934 + + + + + pre-pro B cell + PMID:17582343 + + + + + pre-B cell (Philadelphia nomenclature) + PMID:11244048 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A precursor in the granulocytic series, being a cell intermediate in development between a myeloblast and myelocyte, that has distinct nucleoli, a nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio of 5:1 to 3:1, and containing a few primary cytoplasmic granules. Markers for this cell are fucosyltransferase FUT4-positive, CD33-positive, integrin alpha-M-negative, low affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc region receptor III-negative, and CD24-negative. + CALOHA:TS-0825 + FMA:83530 + cell + + promyelocyte + promyelocyte + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T17:59:07.092920 + + + + + A precursor in the granulocytic series, being a cell intermediate in development between a myeloblast and myelocyte, that has distinct nucleoli, a nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio of 5:1 to 3:1, and containing a few primary cytoplasmic granules. Markers for this cell are fucosyltransferase FUT4-positive, CD33-positive, integrin alpha-M-negative, low affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc region receptor III-negative, and CD24-negative. + GOC:add + GOC:amm + GOC:tfm + ISBN:0721601464 + http://www.cap.org + + + + + + + + A hematopoietic multipotent progenitor cell is multipotent, but not capable of long-term self-renewal. These cells are characterized as lacking lineage cell surface markers and being CD34-positive in both mice and humans. + BTO:0000725 + CALOHA:TS-0448 + MPP + hemopoietic progenitor cell + cell + Markers differ between mouse and human. + + hematopoietic multipotent progenitor cell + hematopoietic multipotent progenitor cell + + + + + A hematopoietic multipotent progenitor cell is multipotent, but not capable of long-term self-renewal. These cells are characterized as lacking lineage cell surface markers and being CD34-positive in both mice and humans. + GOC:add + GOC:tfm + PMID:19022770 + + + + + + + + An immature cell of the conventional dendritic cell lineage, characterized by high levels of antigen uptake via endocytosis, macropinocytosis, and phagocytosis, and typically found resident in the tissues. Markers for this cell are CD80-low, CD86-low, and MHC-II-low. + + immature myeloid dendritic cell + cell + + immature conventional dendritic cell + immature conventional dendritic cell + + + + + An immature cell of the conventional dendritic cell lineage, characterized by high levels of antigen uptake via endocytosis, macropinocytosis, and phagocytosis, and typically found resident in the tissues. Markers for this cell are CD80-low, CD86-low, and MHC-II-low. + GOC:add + GOC:tfm + PMID:9521319 + + + + + + + + A rapidly cycling mature B cell that has distinct phenotypic characteristics and is involved in T-dependent immune responses and located typically in the germinal centers of lymph nodes. This cell type expresses Ly77 after activation. + GC B cell + GC B lymphocyte + GC B-cell + GC B-lymphocyte + germinal center B lymphocyte + germinal center B-cell + germinal center B-lymphocyte + cell + Germinal center B cells are also reportedly CD10-positive, CD19-positive, CD20-positive, CD38-positive, CD44-low, CD45-positive, CD48-positive, CD95-positive, CD352-positive, and HLA-DR-positive. Transcription factors: BCL6-positive, Ets1-positive, IRF8-positive, MTA3-positive, OBF1-positive, PAX5-positive, SpiB-positive, and STAT3-positive. + + germinal center B cell + germinal center B cell + + + + + A rapidly cycling mature B cell that has distinct phenotypic characteristics and is involved in T-dependent immune responses and located typically in the germinal centers of lymph nodes. This cell type expresses Ly77 after activation. + GOC:add + GOC:dsd + GOC:tfm + ISBN:0781735149 + PMID:19447676 + PMID:20933013 + + + + + + + + A tissue-resident macrophage resident found in the thymus, involved in the clearance of apoptotic thymocytes. + cell + Role or process: immune, clearance of apoptotic thymocytes, antigen-presentation. + + thymic macrophage + thymic macrophage + + + + + A tissue-resident macrophage resident found in the thymus, involved in the clearance of apoptotic thymocytes. + GOC:ana + GOC:tfm + GO_REF:0000031 + PMID:9048205 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A splenic macrophage found in the marginal zone of the spleen, involved in recognition and clearance of particulate material from the splenic circulation. Markers include F4/80-negative, MARCO-positive, SR-A-positive, SIGN-R1-positive, and Dectin2-positive. + cell + Markers: Mouse: F4/80-, MARCO+, SR-A+, SIGN-R1+, Dectin2+. + + splenic marginal zone macrophage + splenic marginal zone macrophage + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:16:56.115513 + + + + + A splenic macrophage found in the marginal zone of the spleen, involved in recognition and clearance of particulate material from the splenic circulation. Markers include F4/80-negative, MARCO-positive, SR-A-positive, SIGN-R1-positive, and Dectin2-positive. + GOC:ana + GO_REF:0000031 + PMID:16861066 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A splenic macrophage found in the red-pulp of the spleen, and involved in immune responses to blood-borne pathogens and in the clearance of senescent erythrocytes. Markers include F4/80-positive, CD68-positive, MR-positive, Dectin2-positive, macrosialin-positive, and sialoadhesin-low. + cell + Markers: Mouse: F4/80+, CD68+, MR+, Dectin2+, macrosialin+, sialoadhesin-low; role or process: immune, clearance of senescent erythrocytes. + + splenic red pulp macrophage + splenic red pulp macrophage + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:16:56.115539 + + + + + A splenic macrophage found in the red-pulp of the spleen, and involved in immune responses to blood-borne pathogens and in the clearance of senescent erythrocytes. Markers include F4/80-positive, CD68-positive, MR-positive, Dectin2-positive, macrosialin-positive, and sialoadhesin-low. + GOC:ana + GO_REF:0000031 + PMID:19644016 + + + + + + + + A type of monocyte characterized by low expression of CCR2, low responsiveness to monocyte chemoattractant CCL2/MCP1, low phagocytic activity, and decrease size relative to classical monocytes, but increased co-stimulatory activity. May also play a role in tissue repair. + patrolling monocyte + resident monocyte + cell + Markers: CCR2-CX3CCR1+ (human, mouse, rat); human: CD16+, CCR5+, CD32/FcgRII-high, MHCII+, CD86+; mouse: CD62L-Ly6C-. + + non-classical monocyte + non-classical monocyte + + + + + A type of monocyte characterized by low expression of CCR2, low responsiveness to monocyte chemoattractant CCL2/MCP1, low phagocytic activity, and decrease size relative to classical monocytes, but increased co-stimulatory activity. May also play a role in tissue repair. + GOC:add + GO_REF:0000031 + PMID:16322748 + PMID:18303997 + PMID:20628149 + PMID:20870168 + + + + + + + + A splenic macrophage found in the white pulp of the spleen. Markers include F4/80-negative, CD68-positive, and macrosialin-positive. + cell + Markers: Mouse: F4/80-, CD68+, macrosialin+. + + splenic white pulp macrophage + splenic white pulp macrophage + + + + + A splenic macrophage found in the white pulp of the spleen. Markers include F4/80-negative, CD68-positive, and macrosialin-positive. + GOC:ana + GO_REF:0000031 + PMID:11207597 + + + + + + + + A splenic white pulp macrophage found in and around the germinal centers of the white pulp of the spleen that participates in phagocytosis of apoptotic B cells from the germinal centers. A marker for a cell of this type is Mertk-positive. + cell + + splenic tingible body macrophage + splenic tingible body macrophage + + + + + A splenic white pulp macrophage found in and around the germinal centers of the white pulp of the spleen that participates in phagocytosis of apoptotic B cells from the germinal centers. A marker for a cell of this type is Mertk-positive. + GOC:ana + GOC:tfm + GO_REF:0000031 + PMID:19631584 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A thymic macrophage found in the thymic medulla. + cell + + thymic medullary macrophage + thymic medullary macrophage + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:17:52.777266 + + + + + A thymic macrophage found in the thymic medulla. + GOC:ana + GO_REF:0000031 + PMID:9048205 + + + + + + + + A thymic macrophage found in the thymic cortex. + cell + + thymic cortical macrophage + thymic cortical macrophage + + + + + A thymic macrophage found in the thymic cortex. + GOC:ana + GOC:tfm + GO_REF:0000031 + PMID:9048205 + + + + + + + + A lymph node macrophage found in the subcapsular sinus of lymph nodes that participates in sensing, clearance, and antigen presentation of lymph-borne particulate antigens. This macrophage is capable of activating invaraint NKT cells and is CD169-positive. + cell + + lymph node subcapsular sinus macrophage + lymph node subcapsular sinus macrophage + + + + + A lymph node macrophage found in the subcapsular sinus of lymph nodes that participates in sensing, clearance, and antigen presentation of lymph-borne particulate antigens. This macrophage is capable of activating invaraint NKT cells and is CD169-positive. + GOC:tfm + GO_REF:0000031 + PMID:14668803 + PMID:17934446 + PMID:20228797 + + + + + + + + A lymph node macrophage found in the cortex of lymph nodes, in particular in and around the germinal centers, and that participates in phagocytosis of apoptotic B cells from the germinal centers. + cell + + lymph node tingible body macrophage + lymph node tingible body macrophage + + + + + A lymph node macrophage found in the cortex of lymph nodes, in particular in and around the germinal centers, and that participates in phagocytosis of apoptotic B cells from the germinal centers. + GOC:ana + GOC:tfm + GO_REF:0000031 + PMID:19631584 + + + + + + + + + An antigen inexperienced CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell with the phenotype CCR7-positive, CD127-positive and CD62L-positive. This cell type develops in the thymus. This cell type is also described as being CD25-negative, CD62L-high, and CD44-low. + naive CD4+ T cell + T.4Nve.Sp + Th0 + naive thymus-derived CD4-positive, alpha-beta T lymphocyte + naive thymus-derived CD4-positive, alpha-beta T-cell + naive thymus-derived CD4-positive, alpha-beta T-lymphocyte + cell + These cells have not been exposed to antigen following thymic T-cell selection; found in blood and secondary lymphoid organs. This cell type is compatible with the HIPC Lyoplate markers for 'naive CD4+ T cell', but includes additional markers known to be expressed on naive CD4+ T cells. + + naive thymus-derived CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell + naive thymus-derived CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T17:59:44.077375 + + + + + An antigen inexperienced CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell with the phenotype CCR7-positive, CD127-positive and CD62L-positive. This cell type develops in the thymus. This cell type is also described as being CD25-negative, CD62L-high, and CD44-low. + GOC:add + GOC:tfm + GO_REF:0000031 + PMID:19100699 + PMID:22343568 + http://www.immgen.org/index_content.html + + + + + naive CD4+ T cell + PMID:22343568 + + + + + Th0 + GOC:tfm + + + + + + + + A CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell that has differentiated into a memory T cell. + https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9990-8331 + CD4-positive, alpha-beta memory T lymphocyte + CD4-positive, alpha-beta memory T-cell + CD4-positive, alpha-beta memory T-lymphocyte + cell + T4.Mem.Sp + + CD4-positive, alpha-beta memory T cell + CD4-positive, alpha-beta memory T cell + + + + + A CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell that has differentiated into a memory T cell. + GOC:add + ISBN:0781735149 + http://www.immgen.org/index_content.html + + + + + + + + CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell with the phenotype RORgamma-t-positive, CXCR3-negative, CCR6-positive, and capable of producing IL-17. + IL-17-producing CD4+ T helper + T helper cells type 17 + T(H)-17 cell + Th17 CD4+ T cell + Th17 T cell + Th17 T lymphocyte + Th17 T-cell + Th17 T-lymphocyte + Th17 cell + helper T cell type 17 + cell + This cell type is compatible with the HIPC Lyoplate markers for 'Th17 CD4+ T cell', but its logical definition includes additional known characteristics of T-helper 17 T cells. + + T-helper 17 cell + T-helper 17 cell + + + + + CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell with the phenotype RORgamma-t-positive, CXCR3-negative, CCR6-positive, and capable of producing IL-17. + GOC:add + GOC:pam + GO_REF:0000031 + PMID:20303875 + PMID:20969597 + PMID:22343568 + + + + + Th17 CD4+ T cell + PMID:22343568 + + + + + + + + + A CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell that has not experienced activation via antigen contact and has the phenotype CD45RA-positive, CCR7-positive and CD127-positive. This cell type is also described as being CD25-negative, CD62L-high and CD44-low. + naive CD8+ T cell + naive thymus-dervied CD8-positive, alpha-beta T lymphocyte + naive thymus-dervied CD8-positive, alpha-beta T-cell + naive thymus-dervied CD8-positive, alpha-beta T-lymphocyte + T.8Nve.Sp + cell + This cell traffics in secondary lymphoid organs and blood. This cell type is compatible with the HIPC Lyoplate markers for 'naive CD8+ T cell', but includes additional markers known to be expressed on naive CD8+ T cells. + + naive thymus-derived CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell + naive thymus-derived CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T17:59:44.077381 + + + + + A CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell that has not experienced activation via antigen contact and has the phenotype CD45RA-positive, CCR7-positive and CD127-positive. This cell type is also described as being CD25-negative, CD62L-high and CD44-low. + GOC:add + GOC:tfm + GO_REF:0000031 + ISBN:0781735149 + PMID:22343568 + http://www.immgen.org/index_content.html + + + + + naive CD8+ T cell + PMID:22343568 + + + + + + + + A CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell that has differentiated into a memory T cell. + https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9990-8331 + CD8-positive, alpha-beta memory T lymphocyte + CD8-positive, alpha-beta memory T-cell + CD8-positive, alpha-beta memory T-lymphocyte + cell + T.8Mem.Sp + + CD8-positive, alpha-beta memory T cell + CD8-positive, alpha-beta memory T cell + + + + + A CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell that has differentiated into a memory T cell. + GOC:add + PMID:20146720 + + + + + + + + A mature T cell that differentiated and acquired cytotoxic function with the phenotype perforin-positive and granzyme-B positive. + BTO:0000289 + CALOHA:TS-0190 + FMA:70573 + cytotoxic T lymphocyte + cytotoxic T-cell + cytotoxic T-lymphocyte + cell + + cytotoxic T cell + cytotoxic T cell + + + + + A mature T cell that differentiated and acquired cytotoxic function with the phenotype perforin-positive and granzyme-B positive. + GOC:add + GOC:pam + GOC:tfm + GO_REF:0000031 + PMID:18395547 + + + + + + + + An immature alpha-beta T-cell that express Egr2. These cells give rise to T cells expressing NK markers. + immature NK T lymphocyte + immature NK T-cell + immature NK T-lymphocyte + immature NKT cell + cell + + immature NK T cell + immature NKT cell + + + + + An immature alpha-beta T-cell that express Egr2. These cells give rise to T cells expressing NK markers. + GOC:add + GOC:pam + GOC:tfm + GO_REF:0000031 + PMID:17589542 + PMID:19169262 + + + + + + + + An alpha-beta intraepithelial T cell with the phenotype CD8-alpha-alpha-positive located in the columnar epithelium of the gastrointestinal tract. These cells have a memory phenotype of CD2-negative and CD5-negative. + CD8-alpha-alpha-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial T lymphocyte + CD8-alpha-alpha-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial T-cell + CD8-alpha-alpha-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial T-lymphocyte + cell + + CD8-alpha-alpha-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial T cell + CD8-alpha-alpha-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial T cell + + + + + An alpha-beta intraepithelial T cell with the phenotype CD8-alpha-alpha-positive located in the columnar epithelium of the gastrointestinal tract. These cells have a memory phenotype of CD2-negative and CD5-negative. + GOC:add + GOC:pam + GO_REF:0000031 + PMID:11685222 + + + + + + + + An alpha-beta T cell expressing NK cell markers that is CD1d restricted and expresses specific V-alpha chains. NK T cells of this type recognize the glycolipid alpha-galactosylceramide in the context of CD1d. + classical NK T cell + type I NK T lymphocyte + type I NK T-cell + type I NK T-lymphocyte + type I NKT cell + cell + invariant NK T cell + In mouse the canonical TCR is V-alpha-14, and in humans it is V-alpha 24. + + type I NK T cell + Type I NK T cell + + + + + An alpha-beta T cell expressing NK cell markers that is CD1d restricted and expresses specific V-alpha chains. NK T cells of this type recognize the glycolipid alpha-galactosylceramide in the context of CD1d. + GOC:add + GOC:pam + GOC:tfm + GO_REF:0000031 + PMID:15039760 + + + + + + + + A CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell that has cytotoxic function. + CD4-positive, alpha-beta cytotoxic T lymphocyte + CD4-positive, alpha-beta cytotoxic T-cell + CD4-positive, alpha-beta cytotoxic T-lymphocyte + cell + + CD4-positive, alpha-beta cytotoxic T cell + CD4-positive, alpha-beta cytotoxic T cell + + + + + A CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell that has cytotoxic function. + GOC:add + GOC:pam + GOC:tfm + GO_REF:0000031 + PMID:18440213 + + + + + + + + A CD4-negative, CD8-negative, alpha-beta intraepithelial T cell that is found in the columnar epithelium of the gastrointestinal tract. + CD4-negative, CD8-negative, alpha-beta intraepithelial T lymphocyte + CD4-negative, CD8-negative, alpha-beta intraepithelial T-cell + CD4-negative, CD8-negative, alpha-beta intraepithelial T-lymphocyte + cell + + CD4-negative, CD8-negative, alpha-beta intraepithelial T cell + CD4-negative, CD8-negative, alpha-beta intraepithelial T cell + + + + + A CD4-negative, CD8-negative, alpha-beta intraepithelial T cell that is found in the columnar epithelium of the gastrointestinal tract. + GOC:add + GOC:pam + GO_REF:0000031 + PMID:11685222 + + + + + + + + NK cell that has the phenotype CD56-bright, CD16-negative, and CD84-positive with the function to secrete interferon-gamma but is not cytotoxic. + CD16-CD56bright NK cell + CD16-negative, CD56-bright NK cell + CD56-bright cytokine secreting NK cell + CD56-bright cytokine secreting natural killer cell + cell + This cell type is compatible with the HIPC Lyoplate markers for 'CD16-CD56bright NK cell'. Markers are associated with human cell types. + + CD16-negative, CD56-bright natural killer cell, human + CD16-negative, CD56-bright natural killer cell + CD16-negative, CD56-bright natural killer cell, human + + + + + NK cell that has the phenotype CD56-bright, CD16-negative, and CD84-positive with the function to secrete interferon-gamma but is not cytotoxic. + GOC:add + GOC:pam + GOC:tfm + GO_REF:0000031 + PMID:19796267 + PMID:22343568 + + + + + CD16-CD56bright NK cell + PMID:22343568 + + + + + + + + An alpha-beta T cell that is found in the lamina propria of mucosal tissues and is restricted by the MR-1 molecule. + mucosal invariant T lymphocyte + mucosal invariant T-cell + mucosal invariant T-lymphocyte + cell + + mucosal invariant T cell + mucosal invariant T cell + + + + + An alpha-beta T cell that is found in the lamina propria of mucosal tissues and is restricted by the MR-1 molecule. + GOC:add + GOC:pam + GOC:tfm + GO_REF:0000031 + PMID:19416870 + + + + + + + + A plasmacytoid dendritic cell developing in the thymus with phenotype CD11c-negative or low, CD45RA-positive, CD11b-negative, and CD123-positive. + cell + + thymic plasmacytoid dendritic cell + thymic plasmacytoid dendritic cell + + + + + A plasmacytoid dendritic cell developing in the thymus with phenotype CD11c-negative or low, CD45RA-positive, CD11b-negative, and CD123-positive. + GOC:add + GOC:pam + GOC:tfm + GO_REF:0000031 + PMID:19941119 + + + + + + + + A lymphocyte of B lineage with the commitment to express an immunoglobulin complex. + cell + Types of B lineage lymphocytes include B cells and antibody secreting cells (plasmablasts and plasma cells). Lymphocytes of B cell lineage can be distinguished from those of T cell lineage by their lack of CD3e (as part of the T cell receptor complex). + + lymphocyte of B lineage + lymphocyte of B lineage + + + + + A lymphocyte of B lineage with the commitment to express an immunoglobulin complex. + GOC:add + GOC:rhs + GOC:tfm + GO_REF:0000031 + ISBN:0781735149 + + + + + + + + An unswitched memory B cell is a memory B cell that has the phenotype IgM-positive, IgD-positive, CD27-positive, CD138-negative, IgG-negative, IgE-negative, and IgA-negative. + IgD+ memory B cell + non-class-switched memory B cell + unswitched memory B lymphocyte + unswitched memory B-cell + unswitched memory B-lymphocyte + cell + This cell type is compatible with the HIPC Lyoplate markers for 'IgD+ memory B cell'. Per DSD: Unswitched memory B cells are also reportedly CD48-positive, CD84-positive, CD229-positive, and CD352-positive. + + unswitched memory B cell + unswitched memory B cell + + + + + An unswitched memory B cell is a memory B cell that has the phenotype IgM-positive, IgD-positive, CD27-positive, CD138-negative, IgG-negative, IgE-negative, and IgA-negative. + GOC:add + GOC:dsd + GOC:rhs + GO_REF:0000031 + ISBN:0781765196 + PMID:20933013 + PMID:22343568 + + + + + IgD+ memory B cell + PMID:22343568 + + + + + non-class-switched memory B cell + HP:0032126 + + + + + + + + A class switched memory B cell is a memory B cell that has undergone Ig class switching and therefore is IgM-negative on the cell surface. These cells are CD27-positive and have either IgG, IgE, or IgA on the cell surface. + class switched memory B lymphocyte + class switched memory B-cell + class switched memory B-lymphocyte + cell + Per DSD: Class switched memory B cells are also reportedly CD48-positive, CD229-positive, and CD352-positive. + + class switched memory B cell + class switched memory B cell + + + + + A class switched memory B cell is a memory B cell that has undergone Ig class switching and therefore is IgM-negative on the cell surface. These cells are CD27-positive and have either IgG, IgE, or IgA on the cell surface. + GOC:add + GOC:dsd + GOC:rhs + GO_REF:0000031 + ISBN:0781765196 + PMID:20933013 + PMID:9295047 + + + + + + + + An activated mature (naive or memory) B cell that is secreting immunoglobulin, typified by being CD27-positive, CD38-positive, CD138-negative. + CD20-negative B cell + FMA:84371 + CD27-positive, CD38-positive, CD20-negative B cell + cell + This cell type is compatible with the HIPC Lyoplate markers for 'plasmablast'. Plasmablasts are also reportedly CD48-positive, CD63-positive, CD229-positive, CD270-positive, CD319-positive, CD352-positive, CD361-positive, and IgD-negative. + + plasmablast + plasmablast + + + + + An activated mature (naive or memory) B cell that is secreting immunoglobulin, typified by being CD27-positive, CD38-positive, CD138-negative. + GOC:dsd + GOC:msz + GOC:tfm + GO_REF:0000031 + PMCID:PMC2673126 + + + + + + + + Conventional dendritic cell is a dendritic cell that is CD11c-high. + interdigitating cell + veiled cell + FMA:84191 + DC1 + cDC + dendritic reticular cell + type 1 DC + cell + Originally described in the dendritic cell ontology (DC_CL:0000003)(PMID:19243617) These cells are also CD20-negative, MHCII-positive. + + conventional dendritic cell + conventional dendritic cell + + + + + Conventional dendritic cell is a dendritic cell that is CD11c-high. + GOC:amm + GO_REF:0000031 + PMID:17850486 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Dermal dendritic cell is a conventional dendritic cell that is CD11b-positive, CD205-positive and CD8 alpha-negative. + BTO:0004812 + cell + Originally described in the dendritic cell ontology (DC_CL:0000019)(PMID:19243617). These cells are also CD281-positive (TLR1), CD282-positive (TLR2), CD283-positive (TLR3), CD284-positive (TLR4), CD285-positive (TLR5), CD288-positive (TLR8), and CD289-positive (TLR9). + + dermal dendritic cell + dermal dendritic cell + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:15:22.380634 + + + + + Dermal dendritic cell is a conventional dendritic cell that is CD11b-positive, CD205-positive and CD8 alpha-negative. + GOC:amm + GO_REF:0000031 + PMCID:PMC2346585 + + + + + + + + + A CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell with the phenotype CCR7-negative, CD45RA-positive. + effector CD8+ T cell + effector CD8-positive, alpha-beta T lymphocyte + effector CD8-positive, alpha-beta T-cell + effector CD8-positive, alpha-beta T-lymphocyte + cell + This cell type is compatible with the HIPC Lyoplate markers for 'effector CD8+ T cell'. The functional characteristics of this cell type currently undefined in CL, which affects its proper placement within the hierarchy. + + effector CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell + effector CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T17:59:44.077402 + + + + + A CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell with the phenotype CCR7-negative, CD45RA-positive. + GOC:add + PMID:22343568 + + + + + effector CD8+ T cell + PMID:22343568 + + + + + + + + + A monocyte that expresses CD14 and is negative for the lineage markers CD3, CD19, and CD20. + monocyte + cell + This cell type is compatible with the HIPC Lyoplate markers for 'monocyte'. Note that while CD14 is considered a reliable marker for human monocytes, it is only expressed on approximately 85% of mouse monocytes. + + CD14-positive monocyte + CD14-positive monocyte + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T17:59:00.930304 + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T17:59:44.077377 + + + + + A monocyte that expresses CD14 and is negative for the lineage markers CD3, CD19, and CD20. + GOC:add + PMID:22343568 + + + + + monocyte + PMID:22343568 + + + + + + + + An intermediate monocyte that is CD14-positive and with low amounts of CD16. + intermediate monocyte, human + cell + Definition is valid for human intermediate monocytes. + + CD14-positive, CD16-low monocyte + CD14-positive, CD16-low monocyte + + + + + An intermediate monocyte that is CD14-positive and with low amounts of CD16. + GOC:add + PMID:20628149 + + + + + + + + A dendritic cell with the phenotype HLA-DRA-positive. + dendritic cell + cell + This cell type is compatible with the HIPC Lyoplate markers for 'dendritic cell'. The inclusion of HLA-DRA in the definition restricts this definition to human dendritic cells. + + dendritic cell, human + dendritic cell, human + human Dendritic cell + + + + + A dendritic cell with the phenotype HLA-DRA-positive. + GOC:add + PMID:22343568 + + + + + dendritic cell + PMID:22343568 + + + + + + + + + A plasmacytoid dendritic cell with the phenotype HLA-DRA-positive, CD123-positive, and CD11c-negative. + plasmacytoid dendritic cell + cell + This cell type is compatible with the HIPC Lyoplate markers for 'plasmacytoid dendritic cell'. The inclusion of HLA-DRA in the definition restricts this definition to human plasmacytoid dendritic cells. + + plasmacytoid dendritic cell, human + plasmacytoid dendritic cell, human + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T17:59:00.930346 + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T17:59:44.077388 + + + + + A plasmacytoid dendritic cell with the phenotype HLA-DRA-positive, CD123-positive, and CD11c-negative. + GOC:add + PMID:22343568 + + + + + plasmacytoid dendritic cell + PMID:22343568 + + + + + + + + + A CD8-positive, alpha beta memory T cell with the phenotype CD45RA-positive, CD45RO-negative, and CCR7-negative. + TEMRA + CD8+ TEMRA + CD8-positive TEMRA + cell + This cell type is seen in human but not found in the mouse. + + effector memory CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell, terminally differentiated + effector memory CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell, terminally differentiated + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T17:59:00.930375 + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T17:59:44.077397 + + + + + A CD8-positive, alpha beta memory T cell with the phenotype CD45RA-positive, CD45RO-negative, and CCR7-negative. + GOC:add + GOC:dos + PMID:15032595 + PMID:16237082 + PMID:26883338 + + + + + TEMRA + PMID:15032595 + + + + + CD8+ TEMRA + PMID:15032595 + + + + + CD8-positive TEMRA + PMID:15032595 + + + + + + + + An innate lymphoid cell that is capable of producing the type 1 cytokine IFN-gamma, but not Th2 or Th17 cell-associated cytokines. + + 2017-01-30T20:42:44+00:00 + cell + + group 1 innate lymphoid cell + group 1 innate lymphoid cell + + + + + An innate lymphoid cell that is capable of producing the type 1 cytokine IFN-gamma, but not Th2 or Th17 cell-associated cytokines. + GOC:add + GOC:dsd + PMID:23348417 + + + + + + + + An innate lymphoid cell that is capable of producing T-helper 2-cell associated cytokines upon stimulation. + + 2017-01-30T21:20:08+00:00 + ILC2 + natural helper cell + nuocyte + cell + + group 2 innate lymphoid cell + group 2 innate lymphoid cell + + + + + An innate lymphoid cell that is capable of producing T-helper 2-cell associated cytokines upon stimulation. + GOC:add + GOC:dsd + PMID:23292121 + PMID:23562755 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A fat cell that is beige in color, thermogenic, and which differentiates in white fat tissue from a Myf5-negative progenitor. + beige brown adipocyte + beige fat cell + beige/brite adipocyte + brite adipocyte + brite cell + brite fat cell + cell + + beige adipocyte + beige adipocyte + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:17:52.777273 + + + + + A fat cell that is beige in color, thermogenic, and which differentiates in white fat tissue from a Myf5-negative progenitor. + GOC:add + GOC:cvs + GOC:ymb + PMID:22796012 + PMID:25851693 + + + + + + + + An innate lymphoid cell that constituitively expresses RORgt and is capable of expressing IL17A and/or IL-22. + + 2017-01-31T20:21:26+00:00 + ILC3 + cell + + group 3 innate lymphoid cell + group 3 innate lymphoid cell + + + + + An innate lymphoid cell that constituitively expresses RORgt and is capable of expressing IL17A and/or IL-22. + GOC:add + GOC:dsd + PMID:23292121 + PMID:23348417 + + + + + + + + A group 3 innate lymphoid cell in the human with the phenotype IL-7Ralpha-positive. + ILC3, human + + group 3 innate lymphoid cell, human + group 3 innate lymphoid cell, human + + + + + A group 3 innate lymphoid cell in the human with the phenotype IL-7Ralpha-positive. + GOC:add + PMID:31500958 + + + + + + + + A CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell with memory phenotype indicated by being CD45RO and CD127-positive. This cell type is also described as being CD25-negative, CD44-high, and CD122-high. + CD8-positive, alpha-beta memory T lymphocyte, CD45RO-positive + CD8-positive, alpha-beta memory T-cell, CD45RO-positive + CD8-positive, alpha-beta memory T-lymphocyte, CD45RO-positive + cell + + CD8-positive, alpha-beta memory T cell, CD45RO-positive + CD8 positiver alpha beta memory T cell CD45RO + + + + + + A CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell with memory phenotype indicated by being CD45RO and CD127-positive. This cell type is also described as being CD25-negative, CD44-high, and CD122-high. + GOC:tfm + GO_REF:0000031 + PMID:20146720 + + + + + + + + A CD4-positive, CXCR5-positive, CCR7-negative alpha-beta T cell located in follicles of secondary lymph nodes that is BCL6-high, ICOS-high and PD1-high, and stimulates follicular B cells to undergo class-switching and antibody production. + tmeehan + 2009-10-29T04:01:27Z + T(FH) + Tfh + cell + follicular B helper T cell + follicular T cell + follicular T-cell + follicular T-helper cell + follicular helper T cell + follicular helper T-cell + + T follicular helper cell + T follicular helper cell + + + + + A CD4-positive, CXCR5-positive, CCR7-negative alpha-beta T cell located in follicles of secondary lymph nodes that is BCL6-high, ICOS-high and PD1-high, and stimulates follicular B cells to undergo class-switching and antibody production. + GOC:tfm + PMID:19855402 + PMID:20107805 + PMID:22043829 + + + + + T(FH) + PMID:20207847 + + + + + Tfh + PMID:20107805 + PMID:20383172 + + + + + follicular B helper T cell + PMID:22043829 + + + + + follicular T cell + PMID:20107805 + PMID:21914188 + + + + + follicular T-helper cell + PMID:22552227 + + + + + follicular helper T cell + PMID:22649468 + + + + + follicular helper T-cell + PMID:22508770 + + + + + + + + A CD24-low, CD44-positive, DX5-high, NK1.1-negative NK T cell. + tmeehan + 2009-10-29T04:17:38Z + NKT.44+.NK1.1-.Th + cell + + immature NK T cell stage IV + immature NK T cell stage IV + + + + + A CD24-low, CD44-positive, DX5-high, NK1.1-negative NK T cell. + GOC:tfm + PMID:17589542 + http://www.immgen.org/index_content.html + + + + + + + + A conventional thymic dendritic cell that is CD8alpha-positive. + tmeehan + 2010-06-07T02:48:36Z + CD8alpha-alpha-positive thymic conventional dendritic cell + DC.8+.Th + cell + + CD8alpha-positive thymic conventional dendritic cell + CD8alpha-positive thymic conventional dendritic cell + + + + + A conventional thymic dendritic cell that is CD8alpha-positive. + GOC:tfm + PMID:19273629 + http://www.immgen.org/index_content.html + + + + + + + + A type I pneumocyte is a flattened, branched pneumocyte that covers more than 98% of the alveolar surface. This large cell has thin (50-100 nm) cytoplasmic extensions to form the air-blood barrier essential for normal gas exchange. + tmeehan + 2010-06-23T04:37:54Z + BTO:0000780 + FMA:62500 + AT1 + ATI + lung type 1 cells + membranous pneumocytes + pulmonary alveolar type I cell + small alveolar cells + squamous alveolar cell + squamous alveolar lining cell + type 1 alveolar epithelial cells + type 1 pneumocyte + type I alveolar cells + type I alveolar epithelial cells + cell + + type I pneumocyte + type I pneumocyte + + + + + A type I pneumocyte is a flattened, branched pneumocyte that covers more than 98% of the alveolar surface. This large cell has thin (50-100 nm) cytoplasmic extensions to form the air-blood barrier essential for normal gas exchange. + GOC:tfm + PMID:20054144 + http://www.copewithcytokines.de + + + + + + + + A type II pneumocyte is a pneumocyte that modulates the fluid surrounding the alveolar epithelium by secreting and recycling surfactants. This cell type also contributes to tissue repair and can differentiate after injury into a type I pneumocyte. Thicker than squamous alveolar cells, have a rounded apical surface that projects above the level of surrounding epithelium. The free surface is covered by short microvilli. + tmeehan + 2010-06-24T12:04:13Z + BTO:0000538 + FMA:62501 + AT2 + ATII + TII + cuboidal type II cell + granular pneumocyte + great alveolar cell + lung type 2 cell + type 2 alveolar epithelial cell + type 2 alveolocyte + type 2 pneumocyte + type II alveolar cell + type II alveolar epithelial cell + type II alveolocyte + cell + lung type II cell + + type II pneumocyte + type II pneumocyte + + + + + A type II pneumocyte is a pneumocyte that modulates the fluid surrounding the alveolar epithelium by secreting and recycling surfactants. This cell type also contributes to tissue repair and can differentiate after injury into a type I pneumocyte. Thicker than squamous alveolar cells, have a rounded apical surface that projects above the level of surrounding epithelium. The free surface is covered by short microvilli. + GOC:tfm + ISBN:0412046911 + PMID:8540632 + http://www.copewithcytokines.de + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A secretory cell found in pancreatic acini that secretes digestive enzymes and mucins. This cell is a typical zymogenic cell, have a basal nucleus and basophilic cytoplasm consisting of regular arrays of granular endoplasmic reticulum with mitochondria and dense secretory granules. + tmeehan + 2010-06-24T03:16:29Z + BTO:0000028 + CALOHA:TS-0737 + FMA:63032 + acinar cell of pancreas + cell + + pancreatic acinar cell + pancreatic acinar cell + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:12:48.561033 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:12:51.607367 + + + + + A secretory cell found in pancreatic acini that secretes digestive enzymes and mucins. This cell is a typical zymogenic cell, have a basal nucleus and basophilic cytoplasm consisting of regular arrays of granular endoplasmic reticulum with mitochondria and dense secretory granules. + GOC:tfm + ISBN:0517223651 + PMID:20395539 + http://www.copewithcytokines.de/cope.cgi?key=pancreatic%20acinar%20cells + + + + + + + + Columnar cell which populate the epithelium of large intestine and absorb water. This cell is the most numerous of the epithelial cell types in the large intestine; bear apical microvilli, contain secretory granules in their apical cytoplasm; secretion appears to be largely mucins, but is also rich in antibodies of the IgA type. + tmeehan + 2010-06-29T11:07:25Z + columnar cell + BTO:0002484 + FMA:63638 + FMA:66771 + columnar cell of the colon + vacuolar absorptive cell + cell + + enterocyte of epithelium of large intestine + enterocyte of epithelium of large intestine + + + + + Columnar cell which populate the epithelium of large intestine and absorb water. This cell is the most numerous of the epithelial cell types in the large intestine; bear apical microvilli, contain secretory granules in their apical cytoplasm; secretion appears to be largely mucins, but is also rich in antibodies of the IgA type. + GOC:tfm + ISBN:0517223651 + + + + + + + + Infrequent type of columnar epithelial cell. This cell is characterized by the presence of a tuft of blunt, squat microvilli (approximately 120-140/cell) on the cell surface. The microvilli contain filaments that stretch into the underlying cytoplasm. They have a distinctive pear shape with a wide base and a narrow microvillous apex. Function not known. + tmeehan + 2010-06-29T03:22:46Z + cell + pulmonary brush cell + + brush cell of trachebronchial tree + brush cell of tracheobronchial tree + + + + + Infrequent type of columnar epithelial cell. This cell is characterized by the presence of a tuft of blunt, squat microvilli (approximately 120-140/cell) on the cell surface. The microvilli contain filaments that stretch into the underlying cytoplasm. They have a distinctive pear shape with a wide base and a narrow microvillous apex. Function not known. + GOC:tfm + ISBN:0517223651 + PMID:15817800 + + + + + + + + Epithelial cell found in the ducts of the pancreas. This cell type contributes to the high luminal pH. + tmeehan + 2010-06-30T08:49:43Z + FMA:63099 + cell + + pancreatic ductal cell + pancreatic ductal cell + + + + + Epithelial cell found in the ducts of the pancreas. This cell type contributes to the high luminal pH. + FMA:63099 + GOC:tfm + PMID:14740223 + + + + + + + + A cubodial epithelial cell that is continuous with the lining of intercalated ducts that drain the acinus. This cell type secretes a high pH solution to aid in activation of zymogens, and can differentiate into endocrine and exocrine pancreatic cell types. + tmeehan + 2010-06-30T08:49:52Z + FMA:62455 + centroacinar cell of Langerhans + pancreatic centroacinar cell + cell + + pancreatic centro-acinar cell + pancreatic centro-acinar cell + + + + + A cubodial epithelial cell that is continuous with the lining of intercalated ducts that drain the acinus. This cell type secretes a high pH solution to aid in activation of zymogens, and can differentiate into endocrine and exocrine pancreatic cell types. + GOC:tfm + PMID:12142741 + PMID:20018761 + PMID:8185160 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A cell in the hilum of the ovary that produces androgens. + tmeehan + 2010-08-23T11:18:18Z + FMA:18710 + hilar cell of ovary + cell + + hilus cell of ovary + hilus cell of ovary + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:12:08.259906 + + + + + A cell in the hilum of the ovary that produces androgens. + GOC:tfm + ISBN:068340007X + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A endothelial cell of a lymphatic vessel. The border of the oak leaf-shaped endothelial cell of initial lymphatics are joined by specialized buttons. The discontinuous feature of buttons distinguishes them from zippers in collecting lymphatics, but both types of junctions are composed of proteins typical of adherens junctions and tight junctions found in the endothelium of blood vessels. Buttons seal the sides of flaps of the oak leaf-shaped endothelial cell, leaving open the tips of flaps as routes for fluid entry without disassembly and reformation of intercellular junctions. + tmeehan + 2010-08-24T02:05:28Z + CL:1000421 + BTO:0004167 + FMA:68458 + LEC + lymphatic endothelial cell + cell + + endothelial cell of lymphatic vessel + endothelial cell of lymphatic vessel + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:10:35.184916 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:11:23.830438 + + + + + A endothelial cell of a lymphatic vessel. The border of the oak leaf-shaped endothelial cell of initial lymphatics are joined by specialized buttons. The discontinuous feature of buttons distinguishes them from zippers in collecting lymphatics, but both types of junctions are composed of proteins typical of adherens junctions and tight junctions found in the endothelium of blood vessels. Buttons seal the sides of flaps of the oak leaf-shaped endothelial cell, leaving open the tips of flaps as routes for fluid entry without disassembly and reformation of intercellular junctions. + GOC:tfm + PMID:17846148 + + + + + + + + An endothelial cell found in capillaries. + tmeehan + 2010-08-24T10:15:00Z + BTO:0004956 + CALOHA:TS-0112 + FMA:67756 + cell + + capillary endothelial cell + capillary endothelial cell + + + + + An endothelial cell found in capillaries. + GOC:tfm + + + + + + + + A ciliated columnar cell found in the trachea and bronchus. Vary from low to tall columnar; possesses up to 300 cilia at its surface, interspersed with long irregular microvilli with the cilia varying in length from about 6um in the trachea to about 4um in the terminal bronchioles; driving force of the ciliary current in the bronchial tree. + tmeehan + 2010-08-24T03:38:29Z + FMA:70542 + cell + + ciliated columnar cell of tracheobronchial tree + ciliated columnar cell of tracheobronchial tree + + + + + A ciliated columnar cell found in the trachea and bronchus. Vary from low to tall columnar; possesses up to 300 cilia at its surface, interspersed with long irregular microvilli with the cilia varying in length from about 6um in the trachea to about 4um in the terminal bronchioles; driving force of the ciliary current in the bronchial tree. + GOC:tfm + ISBN:0517223651 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A columnar cell of the cervix uteri. + tmeehan + 2010-08-24T10:47:47Z + FMA:86486 + cell + + columnar cell of endocervix + columnar cell of endocervix + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:19:59.368972 + + + + + A columnar cell of the cervix uteri. + GOC:tfm + ISBN:0721662544 + + + + + + + + A cell type that is the first of the maturation stages of the granulocytic leukocytes normally found in the bone marrow. Granules are seen in the cytoplasm. The nuclear material of the myelocyte is denser than that of the myeloblast but lacks a definable membrane. The cell is flat and contains increasing numbers of granules as maturation progresses. + tmeehan + 2010-08-30T01:08:19Z + BTO:0000734 + FMA:83525 + cell + + myelocyte + myelocyte + + + + + A cell type that is the first of the maturation stages of the granulocytic leukocytes normally found in the bone marrow. Granules are seen in the cytoplasm. The nuclear material of the myelocyte is denser than that of the myeloblast but lacks a definable membrane. The cell is flat and contains increasing numbers of granules as maturation progresses. + GOC:tfm + ISBN:0323052908 + http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myelocyte + + + + + + + + A renal intercalated cell that secretes base and reabsorbs acid in the coritcal collecting duct to mantain acid/base balance. + tmeehan + 2010-09-02T01:43:55Z + cell + + renal beta-intercalated cell + renal beta-intercalated cell + + + + + A renal intercalated cell that secretes base and reabsorbs acid in the coritcal collecting duct to mantain acid/base balance. + GOC:tfm + PMID:11781354 + + + + + + + + A cell type found in the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts that is characterized by the presence of a tuft of blunt, squat microvilli (120-140 per cell). Function of this cell type is not known. + tmeehan + 2010-09-02T02:28:53Z + FMA:67978 + caveolated cell + fibrillovesicular cell + multivesicular cell + tuft cell + cell + + brush cell + brush cell? + + + + + A cell type found in the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts that is characterized by the presence of a tuft of blunt, squat microvilli (120-140 per cell). Function of this cell type is not known. + GOC:tfm + ISBN:0517223651 + PMID:15817800 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A cell of the cuboidal epithelium that covers the lens. The cells of the lens epithelium regulate most of the homeostatic functions of the lens. As ions, nutrients, and liquid enter the lens from the aqueous humor, Na+/K+ ATPase pumps in the lens epithelial cells pump ions out of the lens to maintain appropriate lens osmolarity and volume, with equatorially positioned lens epithelium cells contributing most to this current. The activity of the Na+/K+ ATPases keeps water and current flowing through the lens from the poles and exiting through the equatorial regions. The cells of the lens epithelium also serve as the progenitors for new lens fibers. It constantly lays down fibers in the embryo, fetus, infant, and adult, and continues to lay down fibers for lifelong growth. + tmeehan + 2010-09-07T10:45:47Z + FMA:67559 + cell + + lens epithelial cell + lens epithelial cell + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:02:14.759398 + + + + + A cell of the cuboidal epithelium that covers the lens. The cells of the lens epithelium regulate most of the homeostatic functions of the lens. As ions, nutrients, and liquid enter the lens from the aqueous humor, Na+/K+ ATPase pumps in the lens epithelial cells pump ions out of the lens to maintain appropriate lens osmolarity and volume, with equatorially positioned lens epithelium cells contributing most to this current. The activity of the Na+/K+ ATPases keeps water and current flowing through the lens from the poles and exiting through the equatorial regions. The cells of the lens epithelium also serve as the progenitors for new lens fibers. It constantly lays down fibers in the embryo, fetus, infant, and adult, and continues to lay down fibers for lifelong growth. + GOC:tfm + ISBN:0721662544 + http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lens_%28anatomy%29#Lens_epithelium + + + + + + + + + A lens fiber cell that develops from primary lens fiber; located towards the center of lens; cell organelles are normally degraded or in the process of being degraded. + tmeehan + 2010-09-07T10:53:39Z + secondary lens fibre + cell + + secondary lens fiber + secondary lens fiber + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:02:11.665614 + + + + + A lens fiber cell that develops from primary lens fiber; located towards the center of lens; cell organelles are normally degraded or in the process of being degraded. + GOC:tfm + ISBN:0517223651 + + + + + + + + + An elongating cell that rapidly obliterates the lumen of the lens vesicle. Subsequently, differentiation of this cell type at the lens equator leads to the formation of secondary fiber cells that come to overlie the primary fibers. + tmeehan + 2010-09-07T11:19:01Z + FMA:70613 + primary lens fibre + cell + + primary lens fiber + primary lens fiber + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:02:11.665627 + + + + + An elongating cell that rapidly obliterates the lumen of the lens vesicle. Subsequently, differentiation of this cell type at the lens equator leads to the formation of secondary fiber cells that come to overlie the primary fibers. + GOC:tfm + PMID:10711704 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A PP cell located in the islets of the pancreas. + tmeehan + 2010-09-10T03:30:31Z + BTO:0000805 + FMA:70588 + PP cell of pancreatic islet + PP-cell of pancreatic islet + pancreatic polypeptide-secreting cell + cell + The term PP cell of pancreatic acinus was obsoleted due to a lack of evidence, making PP cell of pancreatic islets synonymous with pancreatic PP cell. + + pancreatic PP cell + pancreatic PP cell + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:12:48.561024 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:12:51.607381 + + + + + A PP cell located in the islets of the pancreas. + GOC:tfm + + + + + + + + A round or oval neuroepithelial cell that contacts other type I cells or capillaries. They occur in clusters that are surrounded by sheath cells (type-II cells) in the carotid body. This cell type is capable of secreting a number of neurotransmitters. + tmeehan + 2010-09-13T01:40:21Z + FMA:84186 + glomus cell + cell + + type I cell of carotid body + type I cell of carotid body + + + + + A round or oval neuroepithelial cell that contacts other type I cells or capillaries. They occur in clusters that are surrounded by sheath cells (type-II cells) in the carotid body. This cell type is capable of secreting a number of neurotransmitters. + GOC:tfm + ISBN:0517223651 + + + + + + + + A ciliated epithelial cell of the retina, this cell type uptakes sodium chloride and passes it to non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cells. + tmeehan + 2010-09-13T04:09:27Z + FMA:70606 + PE + cell + + pigmented ciliary epithelial cell + pigmented ciliary epithelial cell + + + + + A ciliated epithelial cell of the retina, this cell type uptakes sodium chloride and passes it to non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cells. + PMID:15106942 + + + + + + + + A multi-ciliated cell of the retina that lacks visual pigment and contributes to aqueous humor by secreting chloride ions. This cell type maintains gap junctions with pigmented epithelial cells. + tmeehan + 2010-09-13T04:09:31Z + FMA:70607 + NPE + cell + + non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cell + non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cell + + + + + A multi-ciliated cell of the retina that lacks visual pigment and contributes to aqueous humor by secreting chloride ions. This cell type maintains gap junctions with pigmented epithelial cells. + GOC:tfm + PMID:15106942 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An epithelial cell of the proximal tubule of the kidney. + FMA:62125 + FMA:70973 + KUPO:0001044 + kidney proximal tubule epithelial cell + cell + + epithelial cell of proximal tubule + epithelial cell of proximal tubule + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:04:49.725497 + + + + + An epithelial cell of the proximal tubule of the kidney. + GOC:tfm + ISBN:1-4160-2328-3 + + + + + + + + An ecto-epithelial cell of the prostate gland that secretes hormones. + tmeehan + 2010-09-14T03:01:58Z + CALOHA:TS-1280 + FMA:74390 + FMA:86774 + glandular cell of prostate + neuro-epithelial cell of prostate gland + cell + + endocrine-paracrine cell of prostate gland + endocrine-paracrine cell of prostate gland + + + + + An ecto-epithelial cell of the prostate gland that secretes hormones. + GOC:tfm + + + + + + + + An epithelial cell type that lacks the columnar shape typical for other respiratory epithelial cells. This cell type is able to differentiate into other respiratory epithelial cells in response to injury. + tmeehan + 2010-09-20T02:10:36Z + cell + + basal epithelial cell of tracheobronchial tree + basal epithelial cell of tracheobronchial tree + + + + + An epithelial cell type that lacks the columnar shape typical for other respiratory epithelial cells. This cell type is able to differentiate into other respiratory epithelial cells in response to injury. + GOC:tfm + + + + + + + + A ciliated cell of the bronchus. + tmeehan + 2010-09-20T02:21:12Z + cell + + ciliated cell of the bronchus + ciliated cell of the bronchus + + + + + A ciliated cell of the bronchus. + GOC:tfm + PMID:18757316 + + + + + + + + A stem cell located in the bulge of the hair follicle that can give rise to regenerate the new follicle with each hair cycle and to reepithelialize the epidermis during wound repair. + tmeehan + 2010-09-20T03:07:03Z + bulge keratinocyte + cell + + keratinocyte stem cell + keratinocyte stem cell + + + + + A stem cell located in the bulge of the hair follicle that can give rise to regenerate the new follicle with each hair cycle and to reepithelialize the epidermis during wound repair. + PMID:15339667 + + + + + + + + The exocrine cell of the prostate, this epithelial cell secretes prostatic acid phosphotase and PSA, and is dependent on androgen hormones for survival. + tmeehan + 2010-09-20T03:34:05Z + cell + + luminal cell of prostate epithelium + luminal cell of prostate epithelium + + + + + The exocrine cell of the prostate, this epithelial cell secretes prostatic acid phosphotase and PSA, and is dependent on androgen hormones for survival. + GOC:tfm + + + + + + + + An undifferentiated cell of the prostate epithelium that lacks secretory activity. + tmeehan + 2010-09-20T03:34:10Z + cell + + basal cell of prostate epithelium + basal cell of prostate epithelium + + + + + An undifferentiated cell of the prostate epithelium that lacks secretory activity. + GOC:tfm + PMCID:PMC2673349 + + + + + + + + A keratocyte is a specialized fibroblast residing in the cornea stroma that has a flattened, dendritic cell located between the lamellae with a large flattened nucleus and lengthy processes which communicate with neighboring cells. This corneal layer, representing about 85-90% of corneal thickness, is built up from highly regular collagenous lamellae and extracellular matrix components. Keratocytes play the major role in keeping it transparent, healing its wounds, and synthesizing its components. This cell type secretes collagen I, V, VI, and keratin sulfate. + tmeehan + 2010-09-22T01:57:40Z + corneal fibroblast + corneal keratocyte + cell + + keratocyte + keratocyte + + + + + A keratocyte is a specialized fibroblast residing in the cornea stroma that has a flattened, dendritic cell located between the lamellae with a large flattened nucleus and lengthy processes which communicate with neighboring cells. This corneal layer, representing about 85-90% of corneal thickness, is built up from highly regular collagenous lamellae and extracellular matrix components. Keratocytes play the major role in keeping it transparent, healing its wounds, and synthesizing its components. This cell type secretes collagen I, V, VI, and keratin sulfate. + GOC:tfm + ISBN:978-0-7020-2958-5 + + + + + + + + An epithelial cell of the cortical portion of the thymus. Epithelial cells in this region are required for positive selection of CD8-positive T cells. + tmeehan + 2010-09-23T03:17:12Z + BTO:0004562 + cTEC + cell + + cortical thymic epithelial cell + cortical thymic epithelial cell + + + + + An epithelial cell of the cortical portion of the thymus. Epithelial cells in this region are required for positive selection of CD8-positive T cells. + GOC:tfm + PMID:18403190 + + + + + + + + A myeloid dendritic cell found in the blood, lymph nodes, tonsil, bone marrow, and spleen that is CD141-positive (BDCA-3), XCR1-positive, and Clec9A-positive. This cell-type can cross-present antigen to CD8-positive T cells and can produce inteferon-beta. + tmeehan + 2010-10-04T02:38:58Z + cell + Markers are found in human cells. Normally they represent 3-5% of peripheral blood mDCs (human). These cells express high levels of CD283 (TLR3), are capable of producing IL-12p70 and IFN-beta upon stimulation, and inducing a TH1 response [PMCID:PMC2882828]. They are also Necl2-positive. May be human equivalent of murine CD8alpha-positive DCs. + + CD141-positive myeloid dendritic cell + CD141-positive myeloid dendritic cell + myeloid dendritic cell cDC1 + + + + + A myeloid dendritic cell found in the blood, lymph nodes, tonsil, bone marrow, and spleen that is CD141-positive (BDCA-3), XCR1-positive, and Clec9A-positive. This cell-type can cross-present antigen to CD8-positive T cells and can produce inteferon-beta. + GOC:dsd + GOC:tfm + PMCID:PMC2882828 + PMCID:PMC2882837 + PMID:17332250 + PMID:20628149 + + + + + + + + + A patrolling monocyte that is CD14-low and CD16-positive. + tmeehan + 2010-10-04T12:25:42Z + non-classical monocyte, human + cell + Markers are associated with human monocytes. + + CD14-low, CD16-positive monocyte + CD14-low, CD16-positive monocyte + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T17:59:00.930378 + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T17:59:44.077391 + + + + + A patrolling monocyte that is CD14-low and CD16-positive. + GOC:tfm + PMID:20870168 + + + + + + + + A myeloid dendritic cell found in the blood that is CD1c-positive. + tmeehan + 2010-10-04T02:39:01Z + cell + Normally represent 10-20% of peripheral blood mDCs (human). They are also CD281-positive (TLR1), CD282-positive (TLR2), CD283-positive (TLR3), CD284-positive (TLR4), CD285-positive (TLR5), CD286-positive (TLR6), CD288-positive (TLR8), and CD290-positive (TLR10) [PMID:20204387]. Upon TLR stimulation, these cells were potent producers of CXCL8 (IL-8), while producing little TNF-alpha. + + CD1c-positive myeloid dendritic cell + CD1c+ myeloid dendritic cell + CD1c-positive myeloid dendritic cell + myeloid dendritic cell cDC2 + + + + + A myeloid dendritic cell found in the blood that is CD1c-positive. + GOC:dsd + GOC:tfm + PMID:20204387 + PMID:20628149 + + + + + + + + + A cell that is found in the periacinar space of the exocrine pancreas and in perivascular and periductal regions of the pancreas, and has long cytoplasmic processes that encircle the base of the acinus. Expresses several intermediate filament proteins including vimentin and nestin. Shares many of the characteristics of hepatatic stellate cells, but not stellate cells of the central nervous system. Upon activation, this cell type undergoes morphological and gene expression changes that make the cell suggestive of being a type of myofibroblast. + tmeehan + 2010-11-10T09:40:33Z + PaSC + pancreas stellate cell + cell + + pancreatic stellate cell + pancreatic stellate cell + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:12:48.561019 + + + + + A cell that is found in the periacinar space of the exocrine pancreas and in perivascular and periductal regions of the pancreas, and has long cytoplasmic processes that encircle the base of the acinus. Expresses several intermediate filament proteins including vimentin and nestin. Shares many of the characteristics of hepatatic stellate cells, but not stellate cells of the central nervous system. Upon activation, this cell type undergoes morphological and gene expression changes that make the cell suggestive of being a type of myofibroblast. + GOC:mah + GOC:tfm + PMID:17200706 + + + + + + + + A pro-T cell that is lin-negative, CD25-negative, CD127-negative, CD44-positive and kit-positive. + tmeehan + 2010-10-21T01:16:24Z + ETP + preT.ETP.Th + cell + ETPs are reportedly CD1a-negative, CD4-negative, CD7-positive, CD8a-negative, CD8b-negative, CD33-low, CD34-high, CD38-low, CD45RA-positive, and CD45RO-negative. + + early T lineage precursor + early T lineage precursor + + + + + A pro-T cell that is lin-negative, CD25-negative, CD127-negative, CD44-positive and kit-positive. + GOC:dsd + GOC:tfm + PMID:16551251 + http://www.immgen.org/index_content.html + + + + + + + + A mature CD4-positive, CD8-negative alpha-beta T cell found in the thymus that is CD24-low and has high expression of the T cell receptor. + tmeehan + 2010-10-21T03:31:19Z + cell + T.4SP24-.Th + + mature CD4 single-positive thymocyte + mature CD4 single-positive thymocyte + + + + + A mature CD4-positive, CD8-negative alpha-beta T cell found in the thymus that is CD24-low and has high expression of the T cell receptor. + GOC:tfm + http://www.immgen.org/index_content.html + + + + + + + + A mature CD8-positive, CD4-negative alpha-beta T cell found in the thymus that is CD24-low and has high expression of the T cell receptor. + tmeehan + 2010-10-21T03:51:50Z + T.8SP24-.Th + cell + + mature CD8 single-positive thymocyte + mature CD8 single-positive thymocyte + + + + + A mature CD8-positive, CD4-negative alpha-beta T cell found in the thymus that is CD24-low and has high expression of the T cell receptor. + GOC:tfm + http:www.immgen.org/index_content.html + + + + + + + + A Langerhans cell that is in the epidermis and is CD45-positive, MHCII-positive, and CD11b-positive. + tmeehan + 2010-11-22T03:57:57Z + cell + + epidermal Langerhans cell + epidermal Langerhans cell + + + + + A Langerhans cell that is in the epidermis and is CD45-positive, MHCII-positive, and CD11b-positive. + GOC:tfm + http://www.immgen.org/index_content.html + + + + + + + + A conventional thymic dendritic cell that is CD8alpha-negative. + tmeehan + 2010-11-23T10:58:53Z + DC.8-.Th + cell + + CD8alpha-negative thymic conventional dendritic cell + CD8alpha-negative thymic conventional dendritic cell + + + + + A conventional thymic dendritic cell that is CD8alpha-negative. + GOC:tfm + PMID:19273629 + http://www.immgen.org/index_content.html + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A fat cell that is part of subcutaneous adipose tissue. + tmeehan + 2011-02-21T02:51:22Z + subcutaneous adipocyte + cell + + subcutaneous fat cell + subcutaneous fat cell + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:15:22.380581 + + + + + A fat cell that is part of subcutaneous adipose tissue. + GOC:tfm + + + + + + + + endothelial cell of artery + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An endothelial cell that is part of the vein. + tmeehan + 2011-02-28T03:48:11Z + CL:1000393 + FMA:62104 + KUPO:0001099 + endothelial cell of vein + venous endothelial cell + cell + + vein endothelial cell + vein endothelial cell + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:07:07.585483 + + + + + An endothelial cell that is part of the vein. + GOC:tfm + + + + + + + + A fibroblast of pulmonary artery. + tmeehan + 2011-02-28T05:22:27Z + cell + + fibroblast of pulmonary artery + fibroblast of pulmonary artery + + + + + A fibroblast of pulmonary artery. + GOC:tfm + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A pigment cell located in the epithelium of the iris. + tmeehan + 2011-03-01T05:28:52Z + cell + + iris pigment epithelial cell + iris pigment epithelial cell + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:02:14.759411 + + + + + A pigment cell located in the epithelium of the iris. + GOC:tfm + + + + + + + + A glial cell that ensheathes axons of neuron in the peripheral nervous system and are necessary for their maintainance and function. + tmeehan + 2011-03-02T01:19:27Z + BTO:0001220 + CALOHA:TS-0898 + cell + + Schwann cell + Schwann cell + + + + + A glial cell that ensheathes axons of neuron in the peripheral nervous system and are necessary for their maintainance and function. + GOC:tfm + + + + + + + + A stromal cell of the pancreas. + tmeehan + 2011-03-02T02:40:41Z + cell + + stromal cell of pancreas + stromal cell of pancreas + + + + + A stromal cell of the pancreas. + GOC:tfm + + + + + + + + A myofibroblast that lies in the connective tissue of the spinal cord that has a distinctly lamellar arrangement. + tmeehan + 2011-03-02T03:03:58Z + cell + + perineural cell + perineural cell + + + + + A myofibroblast that lies in the connective tissue of the spinal cord that has a distinctly lamellar arrangement. + GO:tfm + http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perineurium + + + + + + + + A blood vessel endothelial cell that is part of the retina. + tmeehan + 2011-03-06T03:28:27Z + cell + + retinal blood vessel endothelial cell + retinal blood vessel endothelial cell + + + + + A blood vessel endothelial cell that is part of the retina. + GOC:tfm + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An epithelial cell of the retinal pigmented epithelium. + tmeehan + 2011-03-06T03:37:09Z + BTO:0004910 + FMA:75802 + cell + + retinal pigment epithelial cell + retinal pigment epithelial cell + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:02:14.759377 + + + + + An epithelial cell of the retinal pigmented epithelium. + GOC:tfm + + + + + + + + A smooth muscle of the pulmonary artery. + tmeehan + 2011-03-06T05:01:28Z + BTO:0003336 + cell + + smooth muscle cell of the pulmonary artery + smooth muscle cell of pulmonary artery + + + + + A smooth muscle of the pulmonary artery. + GOC:tfm + + + + + + + + A smooth muscle cell of the coronary artery. + tmeehan + 2011-03-06T05:01:34Z + cell + + smooth muscle cell of the coronary artery + smooth muscle cell of the coronary artery + + + + + A smooth muscle cell of the coronary artery. + GOC:tfm + + + + + + + + A smooth muscle cell of the bladder. + tmeehan + 2011-03-06T05:43:24Z + KUPO:0001122 + cell + + smooth muscle cell of bladder + smooth muscle cell of bladder + + + + + A smooth muscle cell of the bladder. + GC:tfm + + + + + + + + tmeehan + 2011-03-06T05:46:39Z + BTO:0004402 + cell + + bronchial smooth muscle cell + bronchial smooth muscle cell + + + + + + + + A smooth muscle cell of the trachea. + tmeehan + 2011-03-06T05:50:28Z + cell + + smooth muscle cell of trachea + smooth muscle cell of trachea + + + + + A smooth muscle cell of the trachea. + GOC:tfm + + + + + + + + An adult angioblastic cell released from the bone marrow, capable of blood circulation and participation in angiogenesis by differentiating into blood vessel endothelial cells. Their existence is controversial. + tmeehan + 2011-03-14T12:11:18Z + EPC + cell + + adult endothelial progenitor cell + endothelial progenitor cells + + + + + An adult angioblastic cell released from the bone marrow, capable of blood circulation and participation in angiogenesis by differentiating into blood vessel endothelial cells. Their existence is controversial. + GOC:tfm + PMID:20807818 + PMID:9020076 + + + + + + + + A fibroblast of skin. + tmeehan + 2011-03-14T12:31:49Z + BTO:0001255 + CALOHA:TS-0935 + cell + + skin fibroblast + skin fibroblast + + + + + A fibroblast of skin. + GOC:tfm + + + + + + + + A venule endothelial cell that is cubodial, expresses leukocyte-specific receptors, and allows for passage of lymphocytes into bloodstream. + tmeehan + 2011-07-08T03:14:10Z + FMA:67759 + HEV cell + endothelial cell of postcapillary venule of lymph node + cell + Markers expressed on HEV include: MAdCAM-1,PNAd (sulfated and glycosylated molecules, i.e. GlyCAM-1, CD34, endomucin, nepmucin), ICAM-1, ICAM-2,Fuc-TVII, beta 3GlcNAcT-3, GlcNAc6ST2,CCL21, CCL19, CXCL13, CXCL12, Autotaxin, DARC, angiomodulin, LRHG. + + endothelial cell of high endothelial venule + endothelial cell of high endothelial venule + + + + + A venule endothelial cell that is cubodial, expresses leukocyte-specific receptors, and allows for passage of lymphocytes into bloodstream. + GOC:tfm + PMID:20726857 + + + + + + + + A regulatory T cell that has not encountered antigen. + tmeehan + 2011-08-25T03:17:21Z + naive regulatory T lymphocyte + naive regulatory T-cell + naive regulatory T-lymphocyte + cell + This cell type has been described as CD45RA-negative, but this doesn't fit with our current definition of naive T cell. + + naive regulatory T cell + naive regulatory T cell + + + + + A regulatory T cell that has not encountered antigen. + GOC:tfm + + + + + + + + + Ghrelin secreting cells found in the endocrine pancreas. + pancreatic E cell + cell + In mammals the endocrine pancreas is called the Islets of Langerhans. + + pancreatic epsilon cell + pancreatic epsilon cell + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:12:48.561021 + + + + + Ghrelin secreting cells found in the endocrine pancreas. + PMID:14970313 + + + + + + + + Skeletogenic cell that has the potential to transform into an osteoblast, and develops from neural crest or mesodermal cells. + haendel + 2012-06-27T10:57:21Z + osteoprogenitor cell + cell + + preosteoblast + + + + + Skeletogenic cell that has the potential to transform into an osteoblast, and develops from neural crest or mesodermal cells. + GO_REF:0000034 + + + + + + + + An endocrine cell that is part of the pancreas. + cell + + pancreatic endocrine cell + pancreatic endocrine cell + + + + + An endocrine cell that is part of the pancreas. + GOC:dos + + + + + + + + Mural cells are pericytes and the vascular smooth muscle cells (vSMCs) of the microcirculation. + dos + 2020-02-29T17:33:55+00:00 + + + mural cell + mural cell + + + + + Mural cells are pericytes and the vascular smooth muscle cells (vSMCs) of the microcirculation. + Wiki:Mural_cell&oldid=930603194 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A paneth cell that is located in the epithelium of the colon. + + paneth cell of epithelium of large intestine + paneth cell of epithelium of colon + paneth-like cell + + + paneth cell of colon + paneth cell of epithelium of large intestine + + + + + A paneth cell that is located in the epithelium of the colon. + PMID:31753849 + http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4183-8865 + + + + + + + + A rapidly proliferating population of cells that differentiate from stem cells of the intestinal crypt of the colon. Stem cells located in the crypts of Lieberkühn give rise to proliferating progenitor or transit amplifying cells that differentiate into the four major epithelial cell types. These include columnar absorptive cells or enterocytes, mucous secreting goblet cells, enteroendocrine cells and paneth cells. + + transit amplifying cell of large intestine + colon transit amplifying cell + transient amplifying cell of colon + transient amplifying cell of crypt of Lieberkuhn of colon + transit amplifying cell of crypt of Lieberkuhn of colon + transit-amplifying cell of colon + + + transit amplifying cell of colon + transit amplifying cell of large intestine + + + + + A rapidly proliferating population of cells that differentiate from stem cells of the intestinal crypt of the colon. Stem cells located in the crypts of Lieberkühn give rise to proliferating progenitor or transit amplifying cells that differentiate into the four major epithelial cell types. These include columnar absorptive cells or enterocytes, mucous secreting goblet cells, enteroendocrine cells and paneth cells. + PMID:20801415 + http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4183-8865 + + + + + + + + An intestinal stem cell that is located in the large intestine crypt of Liberkuhn. These stem cells reside at the bottom of crypts in the large intestine and are highly proliferative. They either differentiate into transit amplifying cells or self-renew to form new stem cells. + + crypt stem cell of large intestine + stem cell of large intestine crypt of Lieberkuhn + + + intestinal crypt stem cell of large intestine + intestinal crypt stem cell of large intestine + + + + + An intestinal stem cell that is located in the large intestine crypt of Liberkuhn. These stem cells reside at the bottom of crypts in the large intestine and are highly proliferative. They either differentiate into transit amplifying cells or self-renew to form new stem cells. + PMID:20683682 + https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4183-8865 + + + + + + + + A lymphocyte that resides in the lamina propria of the large intestine. + + lamina propria lymphocyte of large intestine + + + lymphocyte of large intestine lamina propria + lymphocyte of large intestine lamina propria + macrophage + + + + + A lymphocyte that resides in the lamina propria of the large intestine. + https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4183-8865 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + cardiac endothelial cell + cardiac endothelial cell + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:03:53.010824 + + + + + + + + A vetebrate lens cell that is any of the elongated, tightly packed cells that make up the bulk of the mature lens in a camera-type eye. + lens fibre cell + + lens fiber cell + lens fiber cell + + + + + A vetebrate lens cell that is any of the elongated, tightly packed cells that make up the bulk of the mature lens in a camera-type eye. + GO:0070307 + GOC:nv + + + + + + + + An interneuron that uses GABA as a vesicular neurotransmitter. These interneurons are inhibitory + GABAergic inhibitory interneuron + The formal and textual definitions of this term will need to be altered if evidence for non-inhibitory GABA-ergic neurons emerges. + + GABAergic interneuron + GABAergic interneuron + + + + + An interneuron that uses GABA as a vesicular neurotransmitter. These interneurons are inhibitory + GOC:CellBLAST + GOC:nv + PMID:29724907 + + + + + + + + Sympathetic neurons are part of the sympathetic nervous system and are primarily adrenergic producing the neurotransmitter noradrenalin along with other neuropeptides. + + sympathetic neuron + sympathetic neuron + + + + + Sympathetic neurons are part of the sympathetic nervous system and are primarily adrenergic producing the neurotransmitter noradrenalin along with other neuropeptides. + GOC:NV + isbn:0080923437 + + + + + + + + OBSOLETE: Astrocyte-like radial glial cell that extends vertically throughout the retina, with the nucleus are usually in the middle of the inner nuclear layer. + CL:0000636 + Muller glia + Müller cell + Term was duplicated, use CL:0000636 instead + + obsolete Muller cell + true + Muller cell + + + + + OBSOLETE: Astrocyte-like radial glial cell that extends vertically throughout the retina, with the nucleus are usually in the middle of the inner nuclear layer. + GOC:NV + PMID:21911394 + + + + + + + + An ionocyte that is part of the lung epithelium. The cells from this type are major sources of the CFTR protein in human and mice. + + cell + + pulmonary ionocyte + pulmonary ionocyte + + + + + An ionocyte that is part of the lung epithelium. The cells from this type are major sources of the CFTR protein in human and mice. + PMID:30069044 + PMID:30069046 + + + + + + + + Any chondrocyte that is part of the tracheobronchial tree. + + 2020-05-07T17:29:51+00:00 + chondrocyte of tracheobronchial tree + + + tracheobronchial chondrocyte + tracheobronchial chondrocyte + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A smooth muscle cell that is part of any lymphatic vessel. + + 2020-07-21T12:29:51+00:00 + smooth muscle cell of lymphatic vessel + + lymphatic vessel smooth muscle cell + Lymphatic vessel smooth muscle cell + lymphatic vessel smooth muscle cell + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:10:35.185000 + + + + + A smooth muscle cell that is part of any lymphatic vessel. + PMID:15109561 + + + + + + + + A smooth muscle cell that is part of any blood vessel. + + 2020-07-21T12:42:48+00:00 + smooth muscle cell of blood vessel + + blood vessel smooth muscle cell + blood vessel smooth muscle cell + + + + + A smooth muscle cell that is part of any blood vessel. + PMID:9108778 + + + + + + + + A smooth muscle cell that is part of the tracheobronchial tree. + + 2020-07-21T12:50:22+00:00 + smooth muscle cell of tracheobronchial tree + + tracheobronchial smooth muscle cell + tracheobronchial smooth muscle cell + + + + + A smooth muscle cell that is part of the tracheobronchial tree. + PMID:10853867 + + + + + + + + Any hepatocyte that is part of the liver lobule periportal region. These cells are primarily involved in oxidative energy metabolism. + + 2020-10-12T10:29:31+00:00 + periportal hepatocyte + + periportal region hepatocyte + periportal region hepatocyte + + + + + Any hepatocyte that is part of the liver lobule periportal region. These cells are primarily involved in oxidative energy metabolism. + PMID:29763190 + + + + + periportal hepatocyte + PMID:29763190 + + + + + + + + Any hepatocyte that is part of the liver lobule midzonal region. These cells have mixed functionality in comparison with those in the other two regions of the liver lobule. + + 2020-10-12T10:57:40+00:00 + midzonal hepatocyte + + midzonal region hepatocyte + midzonal region hepatocyte + + + + + Any hepatocyte that is part of the liver lobule midzonal region. These cells have mixed functionality in comparison with those in the other two regions of the liver lobule. + PMID:29763190 + + + + + midzonal hepatocyte + PMID:29763190 + + + + + + + + Any hepatocyte that is part of the liver lobule centrilobular region. These cells are the primary location for the biotransformation of drugs. + + 2020-10-12T11:03:51+00:00 + centrilobular hepatocyte + + centrilobular region hepatocyte + centrilobular region hepatocyte + + + + + Any hepatocyte that is part of the liver lobule centrilobular region. These cells are the primary location for the biotransformation of drugs. + PMID:29763190 + + + + + centrilobular hepatocyte + PMID:29763190 + + + + + + + + Any brush cell that is part of the intestinal epithelium. + + 2020-10-15T12:47:46+00:00 + intestinal brush cell + + intestinal tuft cell + intestinal tuft cell + + + + + Any brush cell that is part of the intestinal epithelium. + PMID:22527717 + + + + + intestinal brush cell + PMID:22527717 + + + + + + + + Hepatic oval cell + + + + + + + + + lung goblet cell + lung goblet cell + + + + + + + + + heart valve cell + heart valve cell + + + + + + + + + lung neuroendocrine cell + lung neuroendocrine cell + + + + + + + + A smooth muscle cell that is part of the large intestine. + FMA:15653 + non-striated muscle fiber of large intestine + cell + + smooth muscle cell of large intestine + smooth muscle cell of large intestine + + + + + A smooth muscle cell that is part of the large intestine. + GOC:tfm + + + + + non-striated muscle fiber of large intestine + FMA:15653 + + + + + + + + A fibrocyte that is part of the adventitia of ureter. + FMA:261289 + cell + + fibrocyte of adventitia of ureter + fibrocyte of adventitia of ureter + + + + + A fibrocyte that is part of the adventitia of ureter. + GOC:tfm + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A fat cell that is part of the epicardial fat. + FMA:261293 + adipocyte of epicardial fat + epicardial fat cell + cell + + epicardial adipocyte + epicardial adipocyte + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:03:49.273015 + + + + + A fat cell that is part of the epicardial fat. + GOC:tfm + + + + + adipocyte of epicardial fat + FMA:261293 + + + + + epicardial fat cell + FMA:261293 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A goblet cell that is part of the epithelium of crypt of Lieberkuhn of large intestine. + FMA:263056 + cell + + large intestine crypt goblet cell + large intestine crypt goblet cell + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:07:07.585444 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:07:07.585583 + + + + + A goblet cell that is part of the epithelium of crypt of Lieberkuhn of large intestine. + GOC:tfm + + + + + + + + A goblet cell that is part of the epithelium of pancreatic duct. + FMA:263058 + goblet cell of epithelium of pancreatic duct + cell + + pancreatic goblet cell + pancreatic goblet cell + + + + + A goblet cell that is part of the epithelium of pancreatic duct. + GOC:tfm + + + + + goblet cell of epithelium of pancreatic duct + FMA:263058 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A goblet cell that is part of the epithelium proper of duodenum. + FMA:263063 + goblet cell of epithelium proper of duodenum + cell + + duodenal goblet cell + duodenal goblet cell + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:16:11.985159 + + + + + A goblet cell that is part of the epithelium proper of duodenum. + GOC:tfm + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A goblet cell that is part of the epithelium proper of jejunum. + FMA:263065 + goblet cell of epithelium proper of jejunum + cell + + jejunal goblet cell + jejunal goblet cell + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:16:11.985144 + + + + + A goblet cell that is part of the epithelium proper of jejunum. + GOC:tfm + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A goblet cell that is part of the epithelium of trachea. + FMA:263075 + goblet cell of epithelium of trachea + cell + + tracheal goblet cell + goblet cell of epithelium of trachea + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:09:29.477271 + + + + + A goblet cell that is part of the epithelium of trachea. + GOC:tfm + + + + + goblet cell of epithelium of trachea + FMA:263075 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A serous secreting cell that is part of the epithelium of trachea. + FMA:263078 + cell + + serous cell of epithelium of trachea + serous cell of epithelium of trachea + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:09:29.477231 + + + + + A serous secreting cell that is part of the epithelium of trachea. + GOC:tfm + + + + + + + + A serous secreting cell that is part of the epithelium of bronchus. + FMA:263080 + cell + + serous cell of epithelium of bronchus + serous cell of epithelium of bronchus + + + + + A serous secreting cell that is part of the epithelium of bronchus. + GOC:tfm + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A serous secreting cell that is part of the epithelium of terminal bronchiole. + FMA:263082 + cell + + serous cell of epithelium of terminal bronchiole + serous cell of epithelium of terminal bronchiole + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:09:29.477286 + + + + + A serous secreting cell that is part of the epithelium of terminal bronchiole. + GOC:tfm + + + + + + + + A Paneth cell that is part of the epithelium proper of small intestine. + FMA:263106 + cell + + paneth cell of epithelium proper of small intestine + paneth cell of epithelium proper of small intestine + + + + + A Paneth cell that is part of the epithelium proper of small intestine. + GOC:tfm + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A basal cell that is part of the epithelium of trachea. + FMA:263118 + cell + + basal cell of epithelium of trachea + basal cell of epithelium of trachea + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:09:29.477237 + + + + + A basal cell that is part of the epithelium of trachea. + GOC:tfm + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A basal cell that is part of the epithelium of terminal bronchiole. + FMA:263122 + cell + + basal cell of epithelium of terminal bronchiole + basal epithelial cell of terminal bronchiole + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:09:29.477257 + + + + + A basal cell that is part of the epithelium of terminal bronchiole. + GOC:tfm + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A Feyrter cell that is part of the epithelium of trachea. + FMA:263184 + cell + + dense-core granulated cell of epithelium of trachea + dense-core granule cell of epithelium of trachea + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:09:29.477208 + + + + + A Feyrter cell that is part of the epithelium of trachea. + GOC:tfm + + + + + + + + brush cell of epithelium of trachea + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An endothelial cell that is part of the hepatic sinusoid. These cells possess flattened areas containing perforations about 0.1 micrometers in diameter, known as fenestrae. The fenestrae are arranged in groups known as sieve plates. + BTO:000125 + FMA:62911 + LSEC + endotheliocyte of hepatic sinusoid + liver sinusoidal endothelial cell + cell + + endothelial cell of hepatic sinusoid + endothelial cell of hepatic sinusoid + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:08:23.425067 + + + + + An endothelial cell that is part of the hepatic sinusoid. These cells possess flattened areas containing perforations about 0.1 micrometers in diameter, known as fenestrae. The fenestrae are arranged in groups known as sieve plates. + GOC:tfm + PMID:3926620 + + + + + LSEC + PMID:30348985 + + + + + endotheliocyte of hepatic sinusoid + FMA:62911 + + + + + liver sinusoidal endothelial cell + PMID:30348985 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An endothelial cell that is part of the arteriole. + FMA:67760 + KUPO:0001097 + cell + + endothelial cell of arteriole + endothelial cell of arteriole + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:07:07.585511 + + + + + An endothelial cell that is part of the arteriole. + GOC:tfm + + + + + + + + A blood vessel endothelial cell that is part of an arterial endothelium. + CL:0002542 + BTO:0004758 + FMA:67761 + KUPO:0001095 + arterial endothelial cell + cell + + endothelial cell of artery + arterial endothelial cell + endothelial cell of artery + + + + + A blood vessel endothelial cell that is part of an arterial endothelium. + GOC:tfm + + + + + + + + An endothelial cell that is part of the venule. + FMA:67762 + cell + + endothelial cell of venule + endothelial cell of venule + + + + + An endothelial cell that is part of the venule. + GOC:tfm + + + + + + + + A myoepithelial cell that is part of the sweat gland. + FMA:67801 + cell + + myoepithelial cell of sweat gland + myoepithelial cell of sweat gland + + + + + A myoepithelial cell that is part of the sweat gland. + GOC:tfm + + + + + + + + endothelial cell of lymphatic vessel + lymphatic endothelial cell + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An epithelial cell that is part of the glomerular parietal epithelium. + CL:1000897 + FMA:70968 + KUPO:0001035 + epithelial cell of parietal layer of glomerular capsule + cell + + parietal epithelial cell + parietal epithelial cell + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:04:49.725419 + + + + + An epithelial cell that is part of the glomerular parietal epithelium. + GOC:tfm + + + + + epithelial cell of parietal layer of glomerular capsule + FMA:70968 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An epithelial cell that is part of the collecting duct of renal tubule. + FMA:70982 + KUPO:0001059 + epithelial cell of renal collecting tubule + cell + + kidney collecting duct epithelial cell + kidney collecting duct epithelial cell + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:04:49.725413 + + + + + An epithelial cell that is part of the collecting duct of renal tubule. + GOC:tfm + + + + + epithelial cell of renal collecting tubule + FMA:70982 + + + + + + + + A mesothelial cell that is part of the visceral peritoneum. + FMA:72143 + cell + + mesothelial cell of visceral peritoneum + mesothelial cell of visceral peritoneum + + + + + A mesothelial cell that is part of the visceral peritoneum. + GOC:tfm + + + + + + + + A melanocyte that is part of the skin of body. + CALOHA:TS-2374 + FMA:72144 + skin melanocyte + cell + + melanocyte of skin + melanocyte of skin + + + + + A melanocyte that is part of the skin of body. + GOC:tfm + + + + + skin melanocyte + FMA:72144 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A nodal myocyte that is part of the sinoatrial node. + FMA:83383 + cardiac pacemaker cell of sinuatrial node + pacemaker cell of sinoatrial node + pacemaker cell of sinuatrial node + cell + + cardiac pacemaker cell of sinoatrial node + cardiac pacemaker cell of sinoatrial node + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:03:49.273023 + + + + + A nodal myocyte that is part of the sinoatrial node. + GOC:tfm + + + + + + + + A smooth muscle cell that is part of the prostate gland. + FMA:84583 + smooth muscle fiber of prostate + cell + + smooth muscle cell of prostate + smooth muscle cell of prostate + + + + + A smooth muscle cell that is part of the prostate gland. + GOC:tfm + + + + + smooth muscle fiber of prostate + FMA:84583 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A reticular cell that is part of the splenic cord. + FMA:86497 + cell + + reticular cell of splenic cord + reticular cell of splenic cord + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:16:56.115493 + + + + + A reticular cell that is part of the splenic cord. + GOC:tfm + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A mesothelial cell that is part of the visceral pleura. + FMA:86739 + cell + + mesothelial cell of visceral pleura + mesothelial cell of visceral pleura + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:09:29.477254 + + + + + A mesothelial cell that is part of the visceral pleura. + GOC:tfm + + + + + + + + KUPO:0001101 + cell + + kidney interstitial myofibroblast + kidney interstitial myofibroblast + + + + + + + + KUPO:0001102 + cell + + kidney interstitial fibroblast + kidney interstitial fibroblast + + + + + + + + + + + + + + KUPO:0001109 + cell + + kidney resident macrophage + kidney resident macrophage + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:04:49.725616 + + + + + + + + KUPO:0001119 + cell + + ureter adventitial cell + ureter adventitial cell + + + + + + + + + + + + + + KUPO:0001130 + cell + + kidney cortex collecting duct principal cell + kidney cortex collecting duct principal cell + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:04:49.725231 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + KUPO:0001131 + cell + + kidney cortex collecting duct intercalated cell + kidney cortex collecting duct intercalated cell + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:04:49.725394 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + KUPO:0001132 + cell + + kidney outer medulla collecting duct principal cell + kidney outer medulla collecting duct principal cell + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:04:49.725459 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + KUPO:0001133 + cell + + kidney outer medulla collecting duct intercalated cell + kidney outer medulla collecting duct intercalated cell + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:04:49.725225 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + KUPO:0001134 + cell + + kidney inner medulla collecting duct principal cell + kidney inner medulla collecting duct principal cell + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:04:49.725202 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Intraglomerular mesangial cells are specialized pericytes located among the glomerular capillaries within a renal corpuscle of a kidney. + KUPO:0001032 + intraglomerular mesangial cell + cell + + glomerular mesangial cell + glomerular mesangial cell + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:04:49.725589 + + + + + Intraglomerular mesangial cells are specialized pericytes located among the glomerular capillaries within a renal corpuscle of a kidney. + Wikipedia:Intraglomerular_mesangial_cell + + + + + intraglomerular mesangial cell + CL:cjm + + + + + + + + + + + + + + KUPO:0001058 + cell + + kidney connecting tubule epithelial cell + kidney connecting tubule epithelial cell + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:04:49.725429 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + KUPO:0001056 + cell + + kidney distal convoluted tubule epithelial cell + kidney distal convoluted tubule epithelial cell + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:04:49.725208 + + + + + + + + KUPO:0001057 + cell + + macula densa epithelial cell + macula densa epithelial cell + + + + + + + + + + + + + + KUPO:0001037 + cell + + glomerular capillary endothelial cell + glomerular capillary endothelial cell + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:04:49.725469 + + + + + + + + KUPO:0001065 + cell + + peritubular capillary endothelial cell + peritubular capillary endothelial cell + + + + + + + + + + + + + + KUPO:0001039 + cell + + kidney afferent arteriole endothelial cell + kidney afferent arteriole endothelial cell + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:04:49.725543 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + KUPO:0001042 + cell + + kidney efferent arteriole endothelial cell + kidney efferent arteriole endothelial cell + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:04:49.725605 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + KUPO:0001049 + cell + + kidney loop of Henle thick ascending limb epithelial cell + kidney loop of Henle thick ascending limb epithelial cell + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:04:49.725196 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + KUPO:0001050 + cell + + kidney loop of Henle thin ascending limb epithelial cell + kidney loop of Henle thin ascending limb epithelial cell + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:04:49.725600 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + KUPO:0001051 + cell + + kidney loop of Henle medullary thick ascending limb epithelial cell + kidney loop of Henle medullary thick ascending limb epithelial cell + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:04:49.725408 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + KUPO:0001052 + cell + + kidney loop of Henle cortical thick ascending limb epithelial cell + kidney loop of Henle cortical thick ascending limb epithelial cell + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:04:49.725424 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + KUPO:0001054 + cell + + kidney loop of Henle thin descending limb epithelial cell + kidney loop of Henle thin descending limb epithelial cell + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:04:49.725260 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + KUPO:0001074 + cell + + vasa recta ascending limb cell + vasa recta ascending limb cell + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:04:49.725548 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + KUPO:0001071 + cell + + vasa recta descending limb cell + vasa recta descending limb cell + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:04:49.725621 + + + + + + + + KUPO:0001104 + cell + + renal interstitial pericyte + renal interstitial pericyte + + + + + + + + KUPO:0001120 + cell + + bladder cell + bladder cell + + + + + + + + + + + + + + KUPO:0001121 + cell + + bladder urothelial cell + bladder urothelial cell + ureter urothelial cell + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:19:15.945023 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + KUPO:0001128 + cell + + kidney collecting duct principal cell + kidney collecting duct principal cell + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:04:49.725175 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + KUPO:0001129 + http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collecting_duct_system#Intercalated_cells + cell + + kidney collecting duct intercalated cell + kidney collecting duct intercalated cell + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:04:49.725565 + + + + + + + + An epithelial cell of the exocrine pancreas. + FMA:70986 + exocrine pancreas cell + cell + + epithelial cell of exocrine pancreas + epithelial cell of exocrine pancreas + + + + + An epithelial cell of the exocrine pancreas. + GOC:tfm + + + + + + + + A respiratory stem cell found at the junction of the terminal (conductive) bronchiole and the respiratory bronchiole, which gives rise to alveolar cell types and club cells in response to lung injury. + cl + + bronchioalveolar stem cells + bronchioalveolar stem cell + + + + + A respiratory stem cell found at the junction of the terminal (conductive) bronchiole and the respiratory bronchiole, which gives rise to alveolar cell types and club cells in response to lung injury. + MP:0011691 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + BTO:0001141 + cl + PAEC cell + + pulmonary artery endothelial cell + pulmonary artery endothelial cell + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:09:29.477249 + + + + + PAEC cell + BTO:0001141 + + + + + + + + Glandular cell of exocrine pancreas epithelium. Example: pancreatic acinar cell, glandular cells in pancreatic canaliculi, glandular cells in pancreatic ducts. + BTO:0000028 + CALOHA:TS-1242 + exocrine pancreas glandular cell + pancreas exocrine glandular cells + + pancreas exocrine glandular cell + pancreas exocrine glandular cell + + + + + Glandular cell of exocrine pancreas epithelium. Example: pancreatic acinar cell, glandular cells in pancreatic canaliculi, glandular cells in pancreatic ducts. + HPA:HPA + NPX:PDR + + + + + exocrine pancreas glandular cell + CALOHA:TS-1242 + + + + + pancreas exocrine glandular cells + CALOHA:TS-1242 + + + + + + + + Any microvascular endothelial cell that is part of a urinary bladder. + TermGenie + 2014-07-09T00:04:47Z + cell + CL:2000040 + + bladder microvascular endothelial cell + bladder microvascular endothelial cell + + + + + Any microvascular endothelial cell that is part of a urinary bladder. + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + + + + Any endothelial cell that is part of a spleen. + TermGenie + 2014-10-06T19:06:04Z + cell + CL:2000053 + http://www.sciencellonline.com/site/productInformation.php?keyword=5500 + + splenic endothelial cell + splenic endothelial cell + + + + + Any endothelial cell that is part of a spleen. + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + + + + A large, granular, liver specific natural killer cell that adheres to the endothelial cells of the hepatic sinusoid. + cell + Pit cells are named for the presence of large cytoplasmic granules that resemble pits (pips) of fruit. + + hepatic pit cell + hepatic Pit cell + + + + + A large, granular, liver specific natural killer cell that adheres to the endothelial cells of the hepatic sinusoid. + GOC:dos + PMID:9408963 + + + + + + + + Any microvascular endothelial cell that is part of a prostate gland. + TermGenie + 2014-10-07T17:46:27Z + cell + CL:2000059 + http://www.sciencellonline.com/site/productInformation.php?keyword=4400 + + prostate gland microvascular endothelial cell + prostate gland microvascular endothelial cell + + + + + Any microvascular endothelial cell that is part of a prostate gland. + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any fibroblast that is part of a cardiac ventricle. + TermGenie + 2014-10-07T18:35:38Z + cell + CL:2000066 + http://www.sciencellonline.com/site/productInformation.php?keyword=6310 + + cardiac ventricle fibroblast + cardiac ventricle fibroblast + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:03:53.010805 + + + + + Any fibroblast that is part of a cardiac ventricle. + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any fibroblast that is part of a cardiac atrium. + TermGenie + 2014-10-07T18:36:54Z + cell + CL:2000067 + http://www.sciencellonline.com/site/productInformation.php?keyword=6320 + + cardiac atrium fibroblast + cardiac atrium fibroblast + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:03:53.010827 + + + + + Any fibroblast that is part of a cardiac atrium. + GOC:TermGenie + + + + + + + + Sympathetic noradrenergic neuron. + CellBLAST + 2019-02-25T19:30:14Z + cell + CL:3000002 + + sympathetic noradrenergic neuron + sympathetic noradrenergic neuron + + + + + Sympathetic noradrenergic neuron. + GOC:CellBLAST + PMID:30096314 + + + + + + + + Homo sapiens + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Lower, narrow portion of the uterus where it joins with the top end of the vagina. + The narrow caudal end of the uterus that opens into the vagina. [TFD][VHOG] + The evolution of mammals is associated with radical changes in their reproductive biology, particularly the structure and function of the female reproductive organs. These changes include the evolution of the uterus, cervix, vagina, placenta and specialized cell types associated with each of those structures.[well established][VHOG] + cervical + cervix + BTO:0001421 + BTO:0002249 + CALOHA:TS-0134 + EFO:0000979 + EMAPA:29927 + EV:0100114 + FMA:17740 + GAID:376 + MA:0000392 + MAT:0000292 + MESH:D002584 + NCIT:C12311 + OpenCyc:Mx4rvVipEJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA + SCTID:181453009 + UMLS:C0007874 + VHOG:0001359 + Wikipedia:Cervix + galen:CervixUteri + canalis cervicis uteri + caudal segment of uterus + cervical canal of uterus + cervix uteri + neck of uterus + uterine cervix + uberon + cervical canal + cervix of uterus + UBERON:0000002 + + + + + uterine cervix + uterine cervix + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:19:59.368962 + + + + + Lower, narrow portion of the uterus where it joins with the top end of the vagina. + Wikipedia:Cervix + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + The narrow caudal end of the uterus that opens into the vagina. [TFD][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0001359 + VHOG + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/uterine+cervix + + + + + The evolution of mammals is associated with radical changes in their reproductive biology, particularly the structure and function of the female reproductive organs. These changes include the evolution of the uterus, cervix, vagina, placenta and specialized cell types associated with each of those structures.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0001359 + VHOG + DOI:10.1098/rspb.2004.2848 Lynch VJ, Roth JJ, Takahashi K, Dunn CW, Nonaka DF, Stopper GF, Wagner GP, Adaptive evolution of HoxA-11 and HoxA-13 at the origin of the uterus in mammals. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Series B (2004) + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + cervix + EFO:0000979 + + + + + UMLS:C0007874 + ncithesaurus:Cervix + + + + + canalis cervicis uteri + FMA:17740 + FMA:TA + + + + + + cervical canal of uterus + FMA:17740 + + + + + cervix uteri + EMAPA:29927 + + + + + + neck of uterus + FMA:17740 + + + + + uterine cervix + FMA:17740 + + + + + cervical canal + FMA:17740 + + + + + cervix of uterus + BTO:0001421 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The clusters of hormone-producing cells that are scattered throughout the pancreas. + Anatomical structure which consists of glands developed from pancreatic ducts in the larvae and secrete insulin.[AAO] + Mammals, birds, reptiles and amphibians have a pancreas with similar histology and mode of development, while in some fish, the islet cells are segregated as Brockmann bodies.[well established][VHOG] + A primitive exocrine pancreas can be found in holocephalan cartilaginous fish; a pancreatic duct directly ending in the gut lumen is connected to a glandular structure made of exocrine cells and associated with cell islets, which comprises three different hormone-producing cell types: insulin, somatostatin and glucagon (Yui and Fujita, 1986) + + AAO:0010406 + BTO:0000991 + CALOHA:TS-0741 + EFO:0000856 + EMAPA:32927 + EV:0100130 + FMA:16016 + GAID:324 + MA:0000127 + MAT:0000076 + MESH:D007515 + MIAA:0000076 + NCIT:C12608 + UMLS:C0022131 + VHOG:0000646 + Wikipedia:Islets_of_Langerhans + XAO:0000159 + pancreatic insula + pancreatic islet + uberon + island of Langerhans + island of pancreas + islets of Langerhans + UBERON:0000006 + + + + + islet of Langerhans + islet of Langerhans + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/99/Gray1105.png + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:12:51.607382 + + + + + The clusters of hormone-producing cells that are scattered throughout the pancreas. + MA:0000127 + MESH:A03.734.414 + MP:0005215 + + + + + Anatomical structure which consists of glands developed from pancreatic ducts in the larvae and secrete insulin.[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0010406 + AAO + AAO:BJB + + + + + Mammals, birds, reptiles and amphibians have a pancreas with similar histology and mode of development, while in some fish, the islet cells are segregated as Brockmann bodies.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000646 + VHOG + PMID:7600975 Slack JMW, Developmental biology of the pancreas. Development (1995) + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + A primitive exocrine pancreas can be found in holocephalan cartilaginous fish; a pancreatic duct directly ending in the gut lumen is connected to a glandular structure made of exocrine cells and associated with cell islets, which comprises three different hormone-producing cell types: insulin, somatostatin and glucagon (Yui and Fujita, 1986) + PMID:16417468 + + + + + UMLS:C0022131 + ncithesaurus:Islet_of_Langerhans + + + + + island of Langerhans + BTO:0000991 + + + + + island of pancreas + BTO:0000991 + + + + + + + + A major division of the nervous system that contains nerves which connect the central nervous system (CNS) with sensory organs, other organs, muscles, blood vessels and glands. + + Nervous structures including ganglia outside of the central nervous system. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] + Part of nervous system in which nerves extend throughout the body outside of the brain and spinal cord.[AAO] + The peripheral nervous system (PNS) is the part of the nervous system connected to the CNS which contains cranial nerves III - XII, spinal, peripheral and autonomic nerves. (CUMBO) + (...) specific vertebrate traits within the chordate phylum such as skeletal tissues, PNS, and spectacular head and brain development, are linked to the NC (neural crest) and its derivatives.[well established][VHOG] + PNS + AAO:0000429 + BAMS:PNS + BILA:0000081 + BIRNLEX:1111 + BTO:0001028 + CALOHA:TS-0808 + EFO:0000891 + EHDAA2:0001445 + EHDAA:2893 + EMAPA:16665 + EV:0100335 + FBbt:00005098 + FMA:9903 + GAID:715 + MA:0000218 + MAT:0000338 + MESH:D017933 + MIAA:0000338 + NCIT:C12465 + SCTID:362292005 + TAO:0000142 + UMLS:C0206417 + UMLS:C1305921 + VHOG:0000399 + Wikipedia:Peripheral_nervous_system + XAO:0000178 + ZFA:0000142 + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=3232 + pars peripherica + systema nervosum periphericum + uberon + UBERON:0000010 + + + + + + + peripheral nervous system + peripheral nervous system + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/ba/Nervous_system_diagram.png + + + + + A major division of the nervous system that contains nerves which connect the central nervous system (CNS) with sensory organs, other organs, muscles, blood vessels and glands. + GO:0007422 + + + + + + ZFA + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/378 + pending + + + + + Nervous structures including ganglia outside of the central nervous system. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0000142 + TAO + ZFIN:curator + + + + + Part of nervous system in which nerves extend throughout the body outside of the brain and spinal cord.[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0000429 + AAO + AAO:BJB + + + + + The peripheral nervous system (PNS) is the part of the nervous system connected to the CNS which contains cranial nerves III - XII, spinal, peripheral and autonomic nerves. (CUMBO) + http://neurolex.org/wiki/Cumbo_terms + + + + + (...) specific vertebrate traits within the chordate phylum such as skeletal tissues, PNS, and spectacular head and brain development, are linked to the NC (neural crest) and its derivatives.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000399 + VHOG + DOI:10.1007/978-0-387-46954-6_6 Dupin E, Creuzet S, Le Douarin NM, The contribution of the neural crest to the vertebrate body. Advances in experimental medicine and biology (2006) + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + PNS + + + + + + UMLS:C0206417 + BIRNLEX:1111 + + + + + UMLS:C0206417 + ncithesaurus:Peripheral_Nervous_System + + + + + UMLS:C1305921 + BIRNLEX:1111 + + + + + pars peripherica + FMA:9903 + FMA:TA + Wikipedia:Peripheral_nervous_system + + + + + + systema nervosum periphericum + FMA:9903 + FMA:TA + Wikipedia:Peripheral_nervous_system + + + + + + + + + The part of the pancreas that is part of the endocrine system and is made up of islet cells, which produce insulin, glucagon and somatostatin. + create a separate class for distributed pancreas, eg cyclostomes? + The part of the pancreas that acts as an endocrine gland, consisting of the islets of Langerhans, which secrete insulin and other hormones. [TFD][VHOG] + The zebrafish endocrine pancreas is composed of small groups of islet cells that are distributed throughout the exocrine pancreas. The islet cells produce insulin, glucagon and somatostatin.[TAO] + In the hagfish and lampreys (our most primitive vertebrate species of today), the first sign of 'a new organ' is found as collections of endocrine cells around the area of the bile duct connection with the duodenum. These endocrine organs are composed of 99% beta cells and 1% somatostatin-producing delta cells. Compared to the more primitive protochordates (e.g. amphioxus), this represents a stage where all previously scattered insulin-producing cells of the intestinal tissue have now quantitatively migrated to found a new organ involved in sensing blood glucose rather than gut glucose. Only later in evolution, the beta cells are joined by exocrine tissue and alpha cells (exemplified by the rat-, rabbit- and elephant-fishes). Finally, from sharks and onwards in evolution, we have the islet PP-cell entering to complete the pancreas.[well established][VHOG] + endocrine and exocrine pancreas are not co-associated in hagfishes or lampreys + BTO:0000650 + CALOHA:TS-1302 + EFO:0002542 + EMAPA:35305 + EV:0100129 + FMA:16018 + MA:0001582 + NCIT:C32509 + SCTID:361339003 + TAO:0001260 + VHOG:0000049 + Wikipedia:Islets_of_Langerhans + ZFA:0001260 + endocrine pancreas + pars endocrina pancreatis + uberon + endocrine part of pancreas + islets of Langerhans part of pancreas + UBERON:0000016 + + + + + + + endocrine pancreas + endocrine pancreas + + + + + The part of the pancreas that is part of the endocrine system and is made up of islet cells, which produce insulin, glucagon and somatostatin. + GO:GO + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + The part of the pancreas that acts as an endocrine gland, consisting of the islets of Langerhans, which secrete insulin and other hormones. [TFD][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000049 + VHOG + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Pancreas + + + + + The zebrafish endocrine pancreas is composed of small groups of islet cells that are distributed throughout the exocrine pancreas. The islet cells produce insulin, glucagon and somatostatin.[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0001260 + TAO + ZFIN:curator + + + + + In the hagfish and lampreys (our most primitive vertebrate species of today), the first sign of 'a new organ' is found as collections of endocrine cells around the area of the bile duct connection with the duodenum. These endocrine organs are composed of 99% beta cells and 1% somatostatin-producing delta cells. Compared to the more primitive protochordates (e.g. amphioxus), this represents a stage where all previously scattered insulin-producing cells of the intestinal tissue have now quantitatively migrated to found a new organ involved in sensing blood glucose rather than gut glucose. Only later in evolution, the beta cells are joined by exocrine tissue and alpha cells (exemplified by the rat-, rabbit- and elephant-fishes). Finally, from sharks and onwards in evolution, we have the islet PP-cell entering to complete the pancreas.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000049 + VHOG + DOI:10.1016/j.crvi.2007.03.006 Madsen OD, Pancreas phylogeny and ontogeny in relation to a 'pancreatic stem cell'. C.R. Biologies (2007) + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + endocrine and exocrine pancreas are not co-associated in hagfishes or lampreys + PMID:20959416 + + + + + endocrine part of pancreas + BTO:0000650 + + + + + + + + The part of the pancreas that is part of the exocrine system and which produces and store zymogens of digestive enzymes, such as chymotrypsinogen and trypsinogen in the acinar cells [GO]. + The exocrine pancreas is composed of acinar epithelial cells and ductal epithelium that manufacture the proteolytic enzymes and bicarbonate required for digestion.[TAO] + The part of the pancreas that acts as an exocrine gland, consisting of the pancreatic acini, which produce pancreatic juice and secrete it into the intestine to aid in protein digestion. [TFD][VHOG] + In the hagfish and lampreys (our most primitive vertebrate species of today), the first sign of 'a new organ' is found as collections of endocrine cells around the area of the bile duct connection with the duodenum. These endocrine organs are composed of 99% beta cells and 1% somatostatin-producing delta cells. Compared to the more primitive protochordates (e.g. amphioxus), this represents a stage where all previously scattered insulin-producing cells of the intestinal tissue have now quantitatively migrated to found a new organ involved in sensing blood glucose rather than gut glucose. Only later in evolution, the beta cells are joined by exocrine tissue and alpha cells (exemplified by the rat-, rabbit- and elephant-fishes). Finally, from sharks and onwards in evolution, we have the islet PP-cell entering to complete the pancreas.[well established][VHOG] + AAO:0010407 + BTO:0000434 + CALOHA:TS-1241 + EMAPA:35328 + EV:0100093 + FMA:16017 + MA:0002415 + NCIT:C32546 + SCTID:248202004 + TAO:0001249 + UMLS:C0553695 + VHOG:0000048 + Wikipedia:Exocrine_component_of_pancreas + XAO:0000137 + ZFA:0001249 + exocrine pancreas + pars exocrina pancreatis + uberon + exocrine component of pancreas + exocrine part of pancreas + UBERON:0000017 + + + + + + exocrine pancreas + exocrine pancreas + + + + + The part of the pancreas that is part of the exocrine system and which produces and store zymogens of digestive enzymes, such as chymotrypsinogen and trypsinogen in the acinar cells [GO]. + GOC:GO + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + The exocrine pancreas is composed of acinar epithelial cells and ductal epithelium that manufacture the proteolytic enzymes and bicarbonate required for digestion.[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0001249 + TAO + ZFIN:curator + + + + + The part of the pancreas that acts as an exocrine gland, consisting of the pancreatic acini, which produce pancreatic juice and secrete it into the intestine to aid in protein digestion. [TFD][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000048 + VHOG + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Pancreas + + + + + In the hagfish and lampreys (our most primitive vertebrate species of today), the first sign of 'a new organ' is found as collections of endocrine cells around the area of the bile duct connection with the duodenum. These endocrine organs are composed of 99% beta cells and 1% somatostatin-producing delta cells. Compared to the more primitive protochordates (e.g. amphioxus), this represents a stage where all previously scattered insulin-producing cells of the intestinal tissue have now quantitatively migrated to found a new organ involved in sensing blood glucose rather than gut glucose. Only later in evolution, the beta cells are joined by exocrine tissue and alpha cells (exemplified by the rat-, rabbit- and elephant-fishes). Finally, from sharks and onwards in evolution, we have the islet PP-cell entering to complete the pancreas.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000048 + VHOG + DOI:10.1016/j.crvi.2007.03.006 Madsen OD, Pancreas phylogeny and ontogeny in relation to a 'pancreatic stem cell'. C.R. Biologies (2007) + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + UMLS:C0553695 + ncithesaurus:Exocrine_Pancreas + + + + + exocrine part of pancreas + BTO:0000434 + + + + + + + + Any of the rounded masses of lymphoid tissue that are surrounded by a capsule of connective tissue, are distributed along the lymphatic vessels, and contain numerous lymphocytes which filter the flow of lymph. + + + Lymph nodes that are associated with the lymphatic system have evolved in mammals.[well established][VHOG] + BTO:0000784 + CALOHA:TS-0579 + EFO:0000872 + EMAPA:35523 + EV:0100050 + FMA:5034 + GAID:947 + MA:0000139 + MAT:0000442 + MESH:D008198 + NCIT:C12745 + NCIT:C33027 + OpenCyc:Mx4rwLPqLpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA + SCTID:181756000 + TAO_RETIRED:0005318 + UMLS:C0024204 + VHOG:0001273 + Wikipedia:Lymph_node + ZFA_RETIRED:0005318 + galen:Lymphnode + uberon + lymph gland + nodus lymphaticus + UBERON:0000029 + + + + + + lymph node + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/650 + lymph node + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b8/Illu_lymph_node_structure.png + + + + + Any of the rounded masses of lymphoid tissue that are surrounded by a capsule of connective tissue, are distributed along the lymphatic vessels, and contain numerous lymphocytes which filter the flow of lymph. + BTO:0000784 + + + + + + DOI:10.1177/0192623311409597 + ZFA:0005318 + + + + + + Wikipedia + + + + + Lymph nodes that are associated with the lymphatic system have evolved in mammals.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0001273 + VHOG + ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.630 + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + UMLS:C0024204 + ncithesaurus:Lymph_Node + + + + + lymph gland + VHOG:0001273 + + + + + nodus lymphaticus + Wikipedia:Lymph_node + + + + + + + + + An ovarian follicle that has one layer of granulosa cells. + BTO:0000410 + EMAPA:35631 + FMA:18634 + MA:0002907 + SCTID:258665002 + folliculus ovaricus primarius + ovary primary follicle + primary follicle of ovary + primary ovarian follicle + uberon + preantral follicle of ovary + primary egg follicle + primary follicle + UBERON:0000035 + + + primary ovarian follicle + primary ovarian follicle + + + + + An ovarian follicle that has one layer of granulosa cells. + GO:0001545 + GOC:mtg_mpo + http://ovary.stanford.edu + + + + + folliculus ovaricus primarius + FMA:18634 + + + + + + ovary primary follicle + EMAPA:35631 + + + + + ovary primary follicle + MA:0002907 + + + + + primary follicle of ovary + FMA:18634 + + + + + primary ovarian follicle + FMA:18634 + + + + + primary follicle + EMAPA:35631 + + + + + + + + A maturing ovarian follicle that has two more more layers of granulosa cells, up to the onset of antrum formation. + consider adopting distinction in MA + EMAPA:35632 + FMA:18637 + MA:0002908 + folliculus ovaricus secondarius + ovary secondary follicle + pre-antral follicle + preantral follicle + secondary follicle of ovary + uberon + antral follicle of ovary + pre-ovulatory follicle + secondary egg follicle + secondary follicle + UBERON:0000036 + + + secondary ovarian follicle + secondary ovarian follicle + + + + + A maturing ovarian follicle that has two more more layers of granulosa cells, up to the onset of antrum formation. + GO:0001546 + http://ovary.stanford.edu + http://www.repropedia.org/secondary-ovarian-follicle + + + + + ovary secondary follicle + MA:0002908 + + + + + pre-antral follicle + GO:0001546 + + + + + preantral follicle + GO:0001546 + + + + + antral follicle of ovary + FMA:18637 + + + + + pre-ovulatory follicle + EMAPA:30777 + + + + + secondary follicle + EMAPA:35632 + + + + + + + + A follicle that has reached the most mature stage of folliculogenesis, characterized by the presence of the antrum. + antral follicle + EMAPA:30763 + FMA:18641 + MA:0002909 + NCIT:C32692 + SCTID:362261008 + UMLS:C0600225 + Graafian follicle + antral ovarian follicle + folliculi ovarici vesiculosi + folliculus ovaricus tertiarius + folliculus ovaricus tertiarius (vesiculosus) + folliculus ovaricus tertiarius (vesiculous) + ovary antral follicle + tertiary follicle of ovary + vesicular follicle of ovary + vesicular ovarian follicle + uberon + tertiary egg follicle + UBERON:0000037 + + + + tertiary ovarian follicle + tertiary ovarian follicle + Primary:follicle-4.JPG + + + + + A follicle that has reached the most mature stage of folliculogenesis, characterized by the presence of the antrum. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + http://www.repropedia.org/antral-follicle + + + + + UMLS:C0600225 + ncithesaurus:Graafian_Follicle + + + + + Graafian follicle + http://www.repropedia.org/antral-follicle + + + + + antral ovarian follicle + GO:0001547 + + + + + folliculi ovarici vesiculosi + FMA:18641 + FMA:TA + + + + + + folliculus ovaricus tertiarius (vesiculosus) + FMA:18641 + + + + + ovary antral follicle + MA:0002909 + http://www.repropedia.org/antral-follicle + + + + + tertiary follicle of ovary + FMA:18641 + http://www.repropedia.org/antral-follicle + + + + + vesicular follicle of ovary + FMA:18641 + + + + + vesicular ovarian follicle + FMA:18641 + + + + + + + + The fluid surrounding the ovum and granulosa cells in the ovarian follicle. + Generally, larger species such as ovine, equine, porcine, human, and bovine have larger follicles, with the fluid comprising a substantial proportion of the volume of the follicles at ovulation (estimated at >95% in bovine [3]). Smaller species such as rats and mice have smaller follicles with fractionally less follicular fluid[20164441] + The follicular fluid contains sex steroids, glycoprotein hormones, plasma proteins, mucopolysaccharides, and enzymes and is rich in hyaluronic acid. + BTO:0004383 + CALOHA:TS-0728 + FMA:18665 + GAID:372 + MA:0002511 + MESH:D015571 + NCIT:C52556 + UMLS:C1709369 + Wikipedia:Follicular_fluid + liquor follicularis + liquor folliculi + ovary follicle fluid + uberon + antral fluid, ovarian follicle + liquor folliculi + ovarian follicular fluid + ovary follicular fluid + UBERON:0000038 + + + follicular fluid + follicular fluid + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/81/Gray3.png + + + + + The fluid surrounding the ovum and granulosa cells in the ovarian follicle. + ISBN:145114847X + MESH:D015571 + Wikipedia:Follicular_fluid + + + + + UMLS:C1709369 + ncithesaurus:Ovarian_Follicle_Fluid + + + + + liquor follicularis + FMA:18665 + + + + + liquor folliculi + + + + + + ovary follicle fluid + MA:0002511 + + + + + liquor folliculi + Wikipedia:Follicular_fluid + + + + + + ovarian follicular fluid + BTO:0004383 + + + + + ovary follicular fluid + BTO:0004383 + + + + + + + + Region of ovarian follicle filled with follicular fluid. + EMAPA:37867 + FMA:18675 + Wikipedia:Follicular_antrum + antral cavity + antrum folliculare + ovarian follicle antrum + uberon + antrum follicularum + UBERON:0000039 + + + follicular antrum + follicular antrum + + + + + Region of ovarian follicle filled with follicular fluid. + Wikipedia:Follicular_antrum + + + + + EMAPA:37867 + MA:th + + + + + antral cavity + FMA:18675 + + + + + antrum folliculare + FMA:18675 + + + + + ovarian follicle antrum + GO:0001548 + + + + + antrum follicularum + Wikipedia:Follicular_antrum + + + + + + + + + A C-shaped bundle of fibres (axons) in the brain, and carries signals from the hippocampus to the mammillary bodies and septal nuclei. It is typically divided into the columns (crus), body, commissure and the pre-commissural and post-commissural fornix (MM). + fornix + BAMS:f + BIRNLEX:705 + DHBA:10576 + DMBA:17767 + EMAPA:35352 + FMA:61965 + FMA:83865 + HBA:9249 + MA:0002747 + NCIT:C32289 + SCTID:279302004 + UMLS:C0152334 + UMLS:C0458370 + Wikipedia:fornix_of_brain + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=268 + brain fornix + cerebral fornix + forebrain fornix + fornix of neuraxis + neuraxis fornix + uberon + fornix (column and body of fornix) + fornix cerebri + fornix hippocampus + hippocampus fornix + UBERON:0000052 + + + + fornix of brain + fornix of brain + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/21/Gray747.png + + + + + A C-shaped bundle of fibres (axons) in the brain, and carries signals from the hippocampus to the mammillary bodies and septal nuclei. It is typically divided into the columns (crus), body, commissure and the pre-commissural and post-commissural fornix (MM). + BIRNLEX:705 + + + + + FMA:61965 + inferred + + + + + UMLS:C0152334 + BIRNLEX:705 + + + + + UMLS:C0458370 + ncithesaurus:Cerebral_Fornix + + + + + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=268 + BIRNLEX:705 + + + + + forebrain fornix + FMA:61965 + + + + + fornix of neuraxis + FMA:83865 + + + + + neuraxis fornix + FMA:83865 + + + + + fornix (column and body of fornix) + FMA:61965 + + + + + fornix cerebri + NeuroNames:268 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A tubular structure that contains, conveys body fluid, such as blood or lymph. + uberon + UBERON:0000055 + + + + vessel + vessel + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:07:27.339063 + + + + + A tubular structure that contains, conveys body fluid, such as blood or lymph. + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + + + + Muscular duct that propels urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder, or related organs. + Anatomical structure consisting of long narrow duct which carries urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder.[AAO] + The duct of amniotes that carries urine from a metanephric kidney to the urinary bladder. [Bemis_WE, Functional_Anatomy_of_the_Vertebrates:_An_Evolutionary_Perspective, Glossary_G-29, Grande_L, Liem_KF, Third_Edition_(2001)_Orlando_Fla.:_Harcourt_College_Publishers, Walker_WF][VHOG] + The first embryonic hint of a metanephros is the formation of the metanephric duct that appears as a ureteric diverticulum arising at the base of preexisting mesonephric duct. The ureteric diverticulum grows dorsally into the posterior region of the nephric ridge. Here it enlarges and stimulates the growth of metanephric tubules that come to make up the metanephric kidney. The metanephros becomes the adult kidney of amniotes, and the metanephric duct is usually called the ureter.[well established][VHOG] + ureteral + ureteric + in humans, consists of adventitial, muscular and mucoa layers + AAO:0010254 + BTO:0001409 + CALOHA:TS-1084 + EFO:0000930 + EHDAA2:0002139 + EHDAA:9341 + EMAPA:17950 + EV:0100097 + FMA:9704 + GAID:438 + MA:0000378 + MAT:0000120 + MESH:D014513 + MIAA:0000120 + NCIT:C12416 + OpenCyc:Mx4rvhmm6JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA + SCTID:302511008 + UMLS:C0041951 + VHOG:0000605 + Wikipedia:Ureter + XAO:0000144 + galen:Ureter + uberon + metanephric duct + UBERON:0000056 + + + + + + + ureter + ureter + Urinary:system.svg + + + + + Muscular duct that propels urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder, or related organs. + GO:0090189 + Wikipedia:Ureter + + + + + Anatomical structure consisting of long narrow duct which carries urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder.[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0010254 + AAO + AAO:BJB + + + + + The duct of amniotes that carries urine from a metanephric kidney to the urinary bladder. [Bemis_WE, Functional_Anatomy_of_the_Vertebrates:_An_Evolutionary_Perspective, Glossary_G-29, Grande_L, Liem_KF, Third_Edition_(2001)_Orlando_Fla.:_Harcourt_College_Publishers, Walker_WF][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000605 + VHOG + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + The first embryonic hint of a metanephros is the formation of the metanephric duct that appears as a ureteric diverticulum arising at the base of preexisting mesonephric duct. The ureteric diverticulum grows dorsally into the posterior region of the nephric ridge. Here it enlarges and stimulates the growth of metanephric tubules that come to make up the metanephric kidney. The metanephros becomes the adult kidney of amniotes, and the metanephric duct is usually called the ureter.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000605 + VHOG + ISBN:978-0072528305 Kardong KV, Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy, Function, Evolution (2006) p.543 + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + UMLS:C0041951 + ncithesaurus:Ureter + + + + + metanephric duct + ISBN:0073040584 + VHOG:0000605 + + + + + + + + A subdivision of the digestive tract that connects the small intestine to the cloaca or anus. Lacks or has few villi[Kardong]. + Intestinal surface area also is increased in amphibians and reptiles by internal folds and occasionally by a few villi. The intestine can be divided into a small intestine and a slightly wider large intestine.[well established][VHOG] + AAO:0010396 + BTO:0000706 + CALOHA:TS-1306 + EFO:0000840 + EMAPA:19252 + EV:0100077 + FMA:7201 + GAID:306 + MA:0000333 + MESH:A03.492.411.495 + MIAA:0000046 + NCIT:C12379 + OpenCyc:Mx4rvVkF5pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA + SCTID:181254001 + UMLS:C0021851 + VHOG:0000054 + Wikipedia:Large_intestine_(anatomy) + XAO:0000131 + galen:LargeIntestine + uberon + intestinum crassum + UBERON:0000059 + + + + + + large intestine + large intestine + + + + + A subdivision of the digestive tract that connects the small intestine to the cloaca or anus. Lacks or has few villi[Kardong]. + ISBN:0073040584 + Wikipedia:Large_intestine_(anatomy) + + + + + Intestinal surface area also is increased in amphibians and reptiles by internal folds and occasionally by a few villi. The intestine can be divided into a small intestine and a slightly wider large intestine.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000054 + VHOG + ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.566 + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + UMLS:C0021851 + ncithesaurus:Large_Intestine + + + + + intestinum crassum + BTO:0000706 + + + + + + + + A glycoprotein membrane surrounding the plasma membrane of an oocyte. It is a vital constitutive part of the latter, external but not extraneous to it. The zona pellucida first appears in multilaminar primary oocytes. + Outside the plasma membrane, three envelopes surround the ovum. The first, the primary egg envelope, lies between the plasma membrane and the surrounding cells of the ovary. The most consistent component of this primary layer is the vitelline membrane, a transparent jacket of fibrous protein. In mammals, the homologous structure is called the zona pellucida.[well established][VHOG] + zona pellucida - vitelline membrane + BTO:0003135 + EHDAA2:0002220 + EHDAA:31 + EHDAA:62 + EMAPA:16035 + FMA:18674 + GAID:410 + MA:0001715 + MESH:D015044 + NCIT:C33896 + TAO:0001111 + UMLS:C0043519 + VHOG:0000720 + Wikipedia:Zona_pellucida + ZFA:0001111 + uberon + oolemma + pellucid zone + striated membrane + vitelline envelope + vitelline membrane + zona radiata + zona striata + UBERON:0000086 + + + + zona pellucida + zona pellucida + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/81/Gray3.png + + + + + A glycoprotein membrane surrounding the plasma membrane of an oocyte. It is a vital constitutive part of the latter, external but not extraneous to it. The zona pellucida first appears in multilaminar primary oocytes. + Wikipedia:Zona_pellucida + + + + + Outside the plasma membrane, three envelopes surround the ovum. The first, the primary egg envelope, lies between the plasma membrane and the surrounding cells of the ovary. The most consistent component of this primary layer is the vitelline membrane, a transparent jacket of fibrous protein. In mammals, the homologous structure is called the zona pellucida.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000720 + VHOG + ISBN:978-0072528305 Kardong KV, Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy, Function, Evolution (2006) p.159 + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + zona pellucida - vitelline membrane + VHOG:0000720 + + + + + UMLS:C0043519 + ncithesaurus:Zona_Pellucida + + + + + oolemma + BTO:0003135 + + + + + pellucid zone + BTO:0003135 + + + + + striated membrane + BTO:0003135 + + + + + zona radiata + BTO:0003135 + + + + + zona striata + BTO:0003135 + + + + + + + + A layer of the ovarian follicle that consists of theca cells. + The theca folliculi are responsible for the production of testosterone from androstenedione in females, and indirectly the production of estrogens by supplying the neighboring granulosa cells with androstenedione that can then be used as a substrate for aromatase. [Wikipedia:Theca_of_follicle] + BTO:0002853 + EFO:0003629 + EMAPA:35636 + FMA:18656 + MA:0001712 + SCTID:361385000 + TAO:0001113 + Wikipedia:Theca_of_follicle + ZFA:0001113 + layer of theca cells + ovary theca + theca cell layer of ovarian follicle + theca of follicle + thecal cell layer + uberon + ovarian theca + theca folliculi + thecal cell layers + UBERON:0000155 + + + + + theca cell layer + theca cell layer + + + + + A layer of the ovarian follicle that consists of theca cells. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + ovary theca + MA:0001712 + + + + + thecal cell layer + ZFA:0001113 + + + + + ovarian theca + EMAPA:35636 + + + + + theca folliculi + Wikipedia:Theca_of_follicle + + + + + + theca folliculi + + + + + + thecal cell layers + ZFA:0001113 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The theca externa is the outer layers of the theca folliculi. It contains abundant collagen and is mainly supportive. + UBERON:0005182 + BTO:0002852 + FMA:18657 + MA:0001713 + SCTID:258767003 + Wikipedia:Theca_externa + ovary theca externa + theca externa (folliculus ovaricus tertiarius) + tunica externa of theca folliculi + uberon + external coat of theca folliculi + tunica externa thecae folliculi + UBERON:0000156 + + + theca externa + theca externa + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/50/Mature_Graffian_follicle.jpg + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:12:08.259902 + + + + + The theca externa is the outer layers of the theca folliculi. It contains abundant collagen and is mainly supportive. + Wikipedia:Theca_externa + + + + + ovary theca externa + MA:0001713 + + + + + theca externa (folliculus ovaricus tertiarius) + FMA:18657 + + + + + tunica externa of theca folliculi + FMA:18657 + + + + + external coat of theca folliculi + BTO:0002852 + + + + + tunica externa thecae folliculi + BTO:0002852 + + + + + tunica externa thecae folliculi + Wikipedia:Theca_externa + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Theca interna cells express receptors for luteinizing hormone, which when activated will stimulate the production of androstenedione from cholesterol by the enzyme desmolase. Androstenedione ultimately gives the granulosa cells the precursor substrate for estrogen manufacturing. + UBERON:0005183 + BTO:0002851 + FMA:18658 + MA:0001714 + SCTID:258869006 + Wikipedia:Theca_externa#Theca_interna + ovary theca interna + theca interna (folliculus ovaricus tertiarius) + tunica interna of theca folliculi + uberon + internal coat of capsule of Graafian follicle + tunica interna thecae folliculi + UBERON:0000157 + + + theca interna + theca interna + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:12:08.259912 + + + + + Theca interna cells express receptors for luteinizing hormone, which when activated will stimulate the production of androstenedione from cholesterol by the enzyme desmolase. Androstenedione ultimately gives the granulosa cells the precursor substrate for estrogen manufacturing. + Wikipedia:Theca_externa#Theca_interna + + + + + ovary theca interna + MA:0001714 + + + + + theca interna (folliculus ovaricus tertiarius) + FMA:18658 + + + + + tunica interna of theca folliculi + FMA:18658 + + + + + internal coat of capsule of Graafian follicle + BTO:0002851 + + + + + tunica interna thecae folliculi + BTO:0002851 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The terminal part of the large intestine, continuous proximally with the rectum and distally terminates with the anus. + requires alignment with EHDAA2 and complete developmental relationships + BTO:0001978 + CALOHA:TS-2160 + EMAPA:18256 + FMA:15703 + MA:0000330 + NCIT:C12375 + SCTID:245438008 + UMLS:C0227411 + Wikipedia:Anal_canal + galen:AnalCanal + anal canal + anal canal viewed anatomically + anatomical anal canal + uberon + anal pad + anus + canalis analis + cloaca + cloacal chamber + mesenteron + pars analis recti + UBERON:0000159 + + + + anal canal + anal canal + https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/01/Gray1078.png + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:07:07.585539 + + + + + The terminal part of the large intestine, continuous proximally with the rectum and distally terminates with the anus. + Wikipedia:Anal_canal + + + + + UMLS:C0227411 + ncithesaurus:Anal_Canal + + + + + canalis analis + BTO:0001978 + + + + + canalis analis + Wikipedia:Anal_canal + + + + + + pars analis recti + BTO:0001978 + + + + + + + + A fluid that is composed of blood plasma and erythrocytes. + This class excludes blood analogues, such as the insect analog of blood. See UBERON:0000179 haemolymphatic fluid. + A complex mixture of cells suspended in a liquid matrix that delivers nutrients to cells and removes wastes. (Source: BioGlossary, www.Biology-Text.com)[TAO] + Highly specialized circulating tissue consisting of several types of cells suspended in a fluid medium known as plasma.[AAO] + relationship loss: subclass specialized connective tissue (AAO:0000571)[AAO] + Recent findings strongly suggest that the molecular pathways involved in the development and function of blood cells are highly conserved among vertebrates and various invertebrates phyla. (...) There is now good reason to believe that, in vertebrates and invertebrates alike, blood cell lineages diverge from a common type of progenitor cell, the hemocytoblast.[well established][VHOG] + AAO:0000046 + BTO:0000089 + CALOHA:TS-0079 + EFO:0000296 + EHDAA2:0000176 + EHDAA:418 + EMAPA:16332 + ENVO:02000027 + EV:0100047 + FMA:9670 + GAID:965 + MA:0000059 + MESH:D001769 + MIAA:0000315 + NCIT:C12434 + OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjI8JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA + TAO:0000007 + UMLS:C0005767 + VHOG:0000224 + Wikipedia:Blood + XAO:0000124 + ZFA:0000007 + galen:Blood + portion of blood + vertebrate blood + uberon + whole blood + UBERON:0000178 + + + + + + blood + Blood + + + + + A fluid that is composed of blood plasma and erythrocytes. + FMA:9670 + Wikipedia:Blood + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/9 + + + + + A complex mixture of cells suspended in a liquid matrix that delivers nutrients to cells and removes wastes. (Source: BioGlossary, www.Biology-Text.com)[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0000007 + TAO + ZFIN:curator + + + + + Highly specialized circulating tissue consisting of several types of cells suspended in a fluid medium known as plasma.[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0000046 + AAO + AAO:LAP + + + + + relationship loss: subclass specialized connective tissue (AAO:0000571)[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0000046 + AAO + + + + + Recent findings strongly suggest that the molecular pathways involved in the development and function of blood cells are highly conserved among vertebrates and various invertebrates phyla. (...) There is now good reason to believe that, in vertebrates and invertebrates alike, blood cell lineages diverge from a common type of progenitor cell, the hemocytoblast.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000224 + VHOG + DOI:10.1146/annurev.cellbio.22.010605.093317 Hartenstein V, Blood cells and blood cell development in the animal kingdom. Annual review of cell and developmental biology (2006) + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + Recent findings strongly suggest that the molecular pathways involved in the development and function of blood cells are highly conserved among vertebrates and various invertebrates phyla. (...) There is now good reason to believe that, in vertebrates and invertebrates alike, blood cell lineages diverge from a common type of progenitor cell, the hemocytoblast.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000224 + VHOG + DOI:10.1146/annurev.cellbio.22.010605.093317 Hartenstein V, Blood cells and blood cell development in the animal kingdom. Annual review of cell and developmental biology (2006) + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + UMLS:C0005767 + ncithesaurus:Blood + + + + + whole blood + BTO:0000089 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A mucosa that is part of a cecum [Automatically generated definition]. + BTO:0000213 + FMA:14998 + caecum mucosa + caecum mucosa of organ + caecum mucous membrane + caecum organ mucosa + cecal mucosa + cecum mucosa of organ + cecum mucous membrane + cecum organ mucosa + intestinum crassum caecum mucosa + intestinum crassum caecum mucosa of organ + intestinum crassum caecum mucous membrane + intestinum crassum caecum organ mucosa + mucosa of caecum + mucosa of cecum + mucosa of intestinum crassum caecum + mucosa of organ of caecum + mucosa of organ of cecum + mucosa of organ of intestinum crassum caecum + mucous membrane of caecum + mucous membrane of cecum + mucous membrane of intestinum crassum caecum + organ mucosa of caecum + organ mucosa of cecum + organ mucosa of intestinum crassum caecum + uberon + UBERON:0000314 + + cecum mucosa + cecum mucosa + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:07:07.585505 + + + + + A mucosa that is part of a cecum [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + caecum mucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + caecum mucosa of organ + OBOL:automatic + + + + + caecum mucous membrane + OBOL:automatic + + + + + caecum organ mucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + cecal mucosa + FMA:14998 + + + + + cecum mucosa of organ + OBOL:automatic + + + + + cecum mucous membrane + OBOL:automatic + + + + + cecum organ mucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + intestinum crassum caecum mucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + intestinum crassum caecum mucosa of organ + OBOL:automatic + + + + + intestinum crassum caecum mucous membrane + OBOL:automatic + + + + + intestinum crassum caecum organ mucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mucosa of caecum + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mucosa of cecum + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mucosa of intestinum crassum caecum + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mucosa of organ of caecum + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mucosa of organ of cecum + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mucosa of organ of intestinum crassum caecum + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mucous membrane of caecum + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mucous membrane of cecum + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mucous membrane of intestinum crassum caecum + OBOL:automatic + + + + + organ mucosa of caecum + OBOL:automatic + + + + + organ mucosa of cecum + OBOL:automatic + + + + + organ mucosa of intestinum crassum caecum + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + Mucosa that is part of a colon. The mucosa of the colon is lined by a simple columnar epithelium with a thin brush border and numerous goblet cells. + UBERON:0003347 + UBERON:0004981 + BTO:0000271 + CALOHA:TS-0164 + EFO:0003038 + EMAPA:27375 + FMA:14984 + FMA:85388 + MA:0003194 + SCTID:362157008 + colon mucosa + colon mucous membrane + colonic mucosa + colonic mucous membrane + large bowel mucosa + mucosa of colon + mucosa of large bowel + uberon + UBERON:0000317 + + + colonic mucosa + colonic mucosa + + + + + Mucosa that is part of a colon. The mucosa of the colon is lined by a simple columnar epithelium with a thin brush border and numerous goblet cells. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + colon mucosa + FMA:14984 + + + + + colon mucous membrane + OBOL:automatic + + + + + colonic mucous membrane + FMA:14984 + + + + + large bowel mucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mucosa of colon + FMA:14984 + + + + + mucosa of large bowel + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + A mucosa that is part of a duodenum [Automatically generated definition]. + UBERON:0003348 + BTO:0000367 + CALOHA:TS-0213 + EMAPA:27235 + FMA:14942 + MA:0003207 + SCTID:362146003 + doudenal mucosa + duodenal mucous membrane + mucosa of duodenum + mucous membrane of duodenum + uberon + duodenum mucosa + UBERON:0000320 + + duodenal mucosa + duodenal mucosa + + + + + A mucosa that is part of a duodenum [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + doudenal mucosa + FMA:14942 + + + + + duodenal mucous membrane + FMA:14942 + + + + + mucosa of duodenum + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mucous membrane of duodenum + OBOL:automatic + + + + + duodenum mucosa + BTO:0000367 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A mucosa that is part of a ileum [Automatically generated definition]. + BTO:0000619 + CALOHA:TS-0470 + EMAPA:35424 + FMA:14956 + MA:0003216 + SCTID:85458007 + ileal mucous membrane + ileum mucosa + ileum mucosa of organ + ileum mucous membrane + ileum organ mucosa + mucosa of ileum + mucosa of organ of ileum + mucous membrane of ileum + organ mucosa of ileum + uberon + UBERON:0000331 + + ileal mucosa + ileal mucosa + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:16:11.985171 + + + + + A mucosa that is part of a ileum [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + ileal mucous membrane + FMA:14956 + + + + + ileum mucosa + FMA:14956 + + + + + ileum mucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + ileum mucosa of organ + OBOL:automatic + + + + + ileum mucous membrane + OBOL:automatic + + + + + ileum organ mucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mucosa of ileum + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mucosa of organ of ileum + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mucous membrane of ileum + OBOL:automatic + + + + + organ mucosa of ileum + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The sensory nerve subdivision of the trigeminal nerve that transmits sensory information from the orbit and its contents, the nasal cavity and the skin of the nose and forehead. + Sensory medial ramus of the trigeminal nerve.[AAO] + The profundus nerve is a distinct nerve only in fishes. (...) In mammals, the profundus nerve is the same as the most rostral (ophthalmic) branch of the trigeminal nerve.[well established][VHOG] + AAO:0010648 + BTO:0000926 + EHDAA2:0002088 + EHDAA:3744 + EMAPA:17800 + FMA:52621 + GAID:837 + MA:0001104 + MESH:D009882 + NCIT:C33215 + OpenCyc:Mx4rwEs_K5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA + SCTID:280210000 + UMLS:C0029082 + VHOG:0001349 + Wikipedia:Ophthalmic_nerve + cranial nerve V, branch V1 + first branch of fifth cranial nerve + first division of fifth cranial nerve + first division of trigeminal nerve + nervus ophthalmicus (V1) + nervus ophthalmicus (Va) + nervus ophthalmicus [v1] + nervus ophthalmicus [va] + ophthalmic division [V1] + ophthalmic division [Va] + ophthalmic division of fifth cranial nerve + ophthalmic division of trigeminal nerve (V1) + ophthalmic division of trigeminal nerve (Va) + ophthalmic nerve [V1] + ophthalmic nerve [Va] + opthalmic nerve + ramus opthalmicus profundus (ramus V1) + rostral branch of trigeminal nerve + trigeminal V nerve ophthalmic division + uberon + ciliary nerve + ethmoidal nerve + ophthalmic division + profundal nerve + profundus + profundus nerve + trigeminal nerve ophthalmic division + UBERON:0000348 + + Terminology notes. This nerve is known by a ridiculous number of names[http://palaeos.com/vertebrates/glossary/glossaryPo.html] + + ophthalmic nerve + ophthalmic nerve + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:13:49.327388 + + + + + The sensory nerve subdivision of the trigeminal nerve that transmits sensory information from the orbit and its contents, the nasal cavity and the skin of the nose and forehead. + MP:0009798 + Wikipedia:Ophthalmic_nerve + + + + + Sensory medial ramus of the trigeminal nerve.[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0010648 + AAO + AAO:EJS + + + + + The profundus nerve is a distinct nerve only in fishes. (...) In mammals, the profundus nerve is the same as the most rostral (ophthalmic) branch of the trigeminal nerve.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0001349 + VHOG + ISBN:978-0471210054 Butler AB and Hodos W, Comparative vertebrate neuroanatomy: Evolution and Adaptation (2005) p.177 + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + UMLS:C0029082 + ncithesaurus:Ophthalmic_Nerve + + + + + cranial nerve V, branch V1 + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + first branch of fifth cranial nerve + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + first division of fifth cranial nerve + FMA:52621 + + + + + first division of trigeminal nerve + FMA:52621 + + + + + nervus ophthalmicus (V1) + FMA:52621 + + + + + nervus ophthalmicus (Va) + FMA:52621 + + + + + nervus ophthalmicus [v1] + FMA:52621 + FMA:TA + + + + + + nervus ophthalmicus [va] + FMA:52621 + FMA:TA + + + + + + ophthalmic division [V1] + FMA:52621 + + + + + ophthalmic division [Va] + FMA:52621 + + + + + ophthalmic division of fifth cranial nerve + FMA:52621 + + + + + ophthalmic division of trigeminal nerve (V1) + FMA:52621 + + + + + ophthalmic division of trigeminal nerve (Va) + FMA:52621 + + + + + ophthalmic nerve [V1] + FMA:52621 + + + + + ophthalmic nerve [Va] + FMA:52621 + + + + + opthalmic nerve + Wikipedia:Ophthalmic_nerve + + + + + ramus opthalmicus profundus (ramus V1) + AAO:0010648 + + + + + rostral branch of trigeminal nerve + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + trigeminal V nerve ophthalmic division + MA:0001104 + + + + + ciliary nerve + http://palaeos.com/vertebrates/glossary/glossaryPo.html + + + + + ethmoidal nerve + Wikipedia:Ophthalmic_nerve + + + + + ophthalmic division + BTO:0000926 + + + + + ophthalmic division + Wikipedia:Ophthalmic_nerve + + + + + profundal nerve + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + profundus + http://palaeos.com/vertebrates/glossary/glossaryPo.html + + + + + profundus nerve + http://palaeos.com/vertebrates/glossary/glossaryPo.html + + + + + trigeminal nerve ophthalmic division + EMAPA:17800 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The inner portion of the kidney consisting of the renal pyramids. + The renal medulla is split up into a number of sections, known as the renal pyramids. Blood enters into the kidney via the renal artery, which then splits up to form the arcuate arterioles. The arcuate arterioles each in turn branch into interlobular arterioles, which finally reach the glomeruli. At the glomerulus the blood reaches a highly disfavourable pressure gradient and a large exchange surface area, which forces the serum portion of the blood out of the vessel into the renal tubules. Flow continues through the renal tubules, including the proximal tubule, the Loop of Henle, and finally leaves the kidney by means of the collecting duct, leading to the renal ureter. The renal medulla contains the structures of the nephrons responsible for maintaining the salt and water balance of the blood. The renal medulla is hypertonic to the filtrate in the nephron and aids in the reabsorption of water + BTO:0001167 + CALOHA:TS-1157 + EMAPA:19279 + GAID:425 + MA:0000373 + MESH:D007679 + NCIT:C12740 + SCTID:30737000 + UMLS:C0022664 + Wikipedia:Renal_medulla + galen:MedullaOfKidney + kidney medulla + medulla of kidney + medulla renalis + pyramides renales + renal medullae + renal medullae set + renal pyramids + renal pyramids set + uberon + medullary pyramids + renal marrow + UBERON:0000362 + + + renal medulla + renal medulla + Illu:kidney.jpg + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:04:49.725491 + + + + + The inner portion of the kidney consisting of the renal pyramids. + ISBN:0-683-40008-8 + MGI:smb + MP:0003014 + + + + + UMLS:C0022664 + ncithesaurus:Renal_Medulla + + + + + kidney medulla + OBOL:automatic + + + + + medulla of kidney + OBOL:automatic + + + + + medulla renalis + FMA:74268 + FMA:TA + + + + + + pyramides renales + FMA:74268 + FMA:TA + + + + + + renal medullae + FMA:86327 + + + + + + renal medullae set + FMA:86327 + + + + + + renal pyramids + FMA:74268 + + + + + + renal pyramids set + FMA:74268 + + + + + + medullary pyramids + FMA:74268 + + + + + + renal marrow + BTO:0001167 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The motor and sensory nerve subdivision of the trigeminal nerve that transmits sensory information from the auricle, the external acoustic meatus, tympanic membrane, temporal region, the cheek, the skin overlying the mandible, the anterior portion of the tongue, the floor of the mouth, lower teeth and gingiva and transmits motor information from the muscles of mastication, the mylohyoid muscle and digastric muscle and the muscles tensor tympani and tensor veli palatini. + AAO:0010688 + AAO:0010703 + BTO:0001375 + EHDAA2:0002086 + EMAPA:17798 + FMA:52996 + GAID:834 + MA:0001101 + MESH:D008340 + NCIT:C32779 + OpenCyc:Mx4rvcQKSpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA + SCTID:280212008 + UMLS:C0024695 + VHOG:0001345 + Wikipedia:Mandibular_nerve + inferior maxillary nerve + mandibular division [V3] + mandibular division [Vc] + mandibular division of fifth cranial nerve + mandibular division of trigeminal nerve [Vc; V3] + mandibular nerve [V3] + mandibular nerve [Vc] + nervus mandibularis [Vc; V3] + nervus mandibularis [v3] + nervus mandibularis [vc] + ramus mandibularis (ramus V3) + third division of fifth cranial nerve + third division of trigeminal nerve + trigeminal V nerve mandibular division + uberon + n. mandibularis + nervus mandibularis + trigeminal nerve mandibular division + UBERON:0000375 + + + mandibular nerve + mandibular nerve + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4d/Gray781.png + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:13:49.327392 + + + + + The motor and sensory nerve subdivision of the trigeminal nerve that transmits sensory information from the auricle, the external acoustic meatus, tympanic membrane, temporal region, the cheek, the skin overlying the mandible, the anterior portion of the tongue, the floor of the mouth, lower teeth and gingiva and transmits motor information from the muscles of mastication, the mylohyoid muscle and digastric muscle and the muscles tensor tympani and tensor veli palatini. + MP:0009800 + Wikipedia:Mandibular_nerve + + + + + UMLS:C0024695 + ncithesaurus:Inferior_Maxillary_Nerve + + + + + inferior maxillary nerve + FMA:52996 + + + + + mandibular division [V3] + FMA:52996 + + + + + mandibular division [Vc] + FMA:52996 + + + + + mandibular division of fifth cranial nerve + FMA:52996 + + + + + mandibular division of trigeminal nerve [Vc; V3] + FMA:52996 + + + + + mandibular nerve [V3] + FMA:52996 + + + + + mandibular nerve [Vc] + FMA:52996 + + + + + nervus mandibularis [Vc; V3] + FMA:52996 + + + + + nervus mandibularis [v3] + FMA:52996 + FMA:TA + + + + + + nervus mandibularis [vc] + FMA:52996 + FMA:TA + + + + + + ramus mandibularis (ramus V3) + AAO:0010688 + + + + + third division of fifth cranial nerve + FMA:52996 + + + + + third division of trigeminal nerve + FMA:52996 + + + + + trigeminal V nerve mandibular division + MA:0001101 + + + + + n. mandibularis + Wikipedia:Mandibular_nerve + + + + + + nervus mandibularis + BTO:0001375 + + + + + trigeminal nerve mandibular division + EMAPA:17798 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The sensory nerve subdivision of the trigeminal nerve that transmits sensory information from the palate, upper teeth and gingiva, the skin between the palpebral fissure and the mouth, and from the nasal cavity and maxillary sinuses. + Medial ramus (sensory) of the trigeminal nerve.[AAO] + relationship loss: part_of trunk maxillary-mandibularis (AAO:0010669)[AAO] + AAO:0010670 + BTO:0001378 + EHDAA2:0002087 + EMAPA:17799 + FMA:52724 + GAID:836 + MA:0001103 + MESH:D008442 + OpenCyc:Mx4rvWNU9JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA + SCTID:280211001 + VHOG:0001346 + Wikipedia:Maxillary_nerve + maxillary division [V2] + maxillary division [Vb] + maxillary division of fifth cranial nerve + maxillary division of trigeminal nerve (Vb; V2) + maxillary nerve [V2] + maxillary nerve [Vb] + nervus maxillaris (Vb; V2) + nervus maxillaris [v2] + nervus maxillaris [vb] + ramus maxillaris (ramus V2) + second division of fifth cranial nerve + second division of trigeminal nerve + trigeminal V nerve maxillary division + uberon + n. maxillaris + nervus maxillaris + trigeminal nerve maxillary division + UBERON:0000377 + + + maxillary nerve + maxillary nerve + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a9/Gray779.png + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:13:49.327403 + + + + + The sensory nerve subdivision of the trigeminal nerve that transmits sensory information from the palate, upper teeth and gingiva, the skin between the palpebral fissure and the mouth, and from the nasal cavity and maxillary sinuses. + MP:0009799 + Wikipedia:Maxillary_nerve + + + + + Medial ramus (sensory) of the trigeminal nerve.[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0010670 + AAO + AAO:EJS + + + + + relationship loss: part_of trunk maxillary-mandibularis (AAO:0010669)[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0010670 + AAO + + + + + maxillary division [V2] + FMA:52724 + + + + + maxillary division [Vb] + FMA:52724 + + + + + maxillary division of fifth cranial nerve + FMA:52724 + + + + + maxillary division of trigeminal nerve (Vb; V2) + FMA:52724 + + + + + maxillary nerve [V2] + FMA:52724 + + + + + maxillary nerve [Vb] + FMA:52724 + + + + + nervus maxillaris (Vb; V2) + FMA:52724 + + + + + nervus maxillaris [v2] + FMA:52724 + FMA:TA + + + + + + nervus maxillaris [vb] + FMA:52724 + FMA:TA + + + + + + ramus maxillaris (ramus V2) + AAO:0010670 + + + + + second division of fifth cranial nerve + FMA:52724 + + + + + second division of trigeminal nerve + FMA:52724 + + + + + trigeminal V nerve maxillary division + MA:0001103 + + + + + n. maxillaris + Wikipedia:Maxillary_nerve + + + + + + nervus maxillaris + BTO:0001378 + + + + + trigeminal nerve maxillary division + EMAPA:17799 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Bundles of smooth muscle fibers forming the muscular wall of the urinary bladder, which are arranged in a longitudinal and a circular layer and, on contraction, serve to expel urine[MP]. + muscularis propria + BTO:0001453 + EMAPA:28637 + FMA:68018 + MA:0001698 + NCIT:C62404 + SCTID:279414008 + Wikipedia:Detrusor_urinae_muscle + detrusor + detrusor muscle + detrusor muscle of bladder + detrusor smooth muscle + detrusor urinae muscle + muscularis propria of the urinary bladder + musculus detrusor vesicae + urinary bladder detrusor muscle + urinary bladder detrussor smooth muscle + uberon + musculus detrusor vesicae urinariae + UBERON:0000381 + + + urinary bladder detrusor smooth muscle + urinary bladder detrusor smooth muscle + Illu:bladder.jpg + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:19:15.944956 + + + + + Bundles of smooth muscle fibers forming the muscular wall of the urinary bladder, which are arranged in a longitudinal and a circular layer and, on contraction, serve to expel urine[MP]. + MP:0011774 + Wikipedia:Detrusor_urinae_muscle + + + + + muscularis propria + Wikipedia:Detrusor_urinae_muscle + ncithesaurus:Muscularis_Propria + + + + + detrusor + FMA:68018 + + + + + detrusor muscle + BTO:0001453 + + + + + detrusor muscle of bladder + EMAPA:28637 + + + + + detrusor urinae muscle + Wikipedia:Detrusor_urinae_muscle + + + + + muscularis propria of the urinary bladder + Wikipedia:Detrusor_urinae_muscle + + + + + musculus detrusor vesicae + FMA:68018 + FMA:TA + + + + + + urinary bladder detrusor muscle + MA:0001698 + + + + + urinary bladder detrussor smooth muscle + MA:0001698 + + + + + musculus detrusor vesicae urinariae + Wikipedia:Detrusor_urinae_muscle + + + + + + + + + Crescent-shaped fibrocartilaginous structure present in the knee, acromioclavicular, sternoclavicular, and temporomandibular joints[2] that, in contrast to articular disks, only partly divides a joint cavity.[3] A small meniscus also occurs in the radio-carpal joint. + BTO:0001592 + EV:0100145 + FMA:76690 + NCIT:C33096 + UMLS:C0224498 + Wikipedia:Meniscus_(anatomy) + galen:Meniscus + articular disc + uberon + UBERON:0000387 + + meniscus + meniscus + + + + + Crescent-shaped fibrocartilaginous structure present in the knee, acromioclavicular, sternoclavicular, and temporomandibular joints[2] that, in contrast to articular disks, only partly divides a joint cavity.[3] A small meniscus also occurs in the radio-carpal joint. + Wikipedia:Meniscus_(anatomy) + + + + + UMLS:C0224498 + ncithesaurus:Meniscus + + + + + articular disc + FMA:76690 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Tissue that surrounds the lens nucleus. + BTO:0001632 + CALOHA:TS-0542 + FMA:58970 + MESH:A09.371.509.225 + SCTID:280626006 + cortex of lens + uberon + UBERON:0000389 + + lens cortex + lens Cortex + lens cortex + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:02:14.759371 + + + + + Tissue that surrounds the lens nucleus. + http://www.thefreedictionary.com/lens+cortex + + + + + cortex of lens + FMA:58970 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The core of the crystalline lens, surrounded by the cortex. + BTO:0001633 + FMA:58971 + MESH:A09.371.509.670 + SCTID:280628007 + nucleus of lens + uberon + UBERON:0000390 + + lens nucleus + lens nucleus + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:02:14.759329 + + + + + The core of the crystalline lens, surrounded by the cortex. + BTO:0001633 + + + + + nucleus of lens + FMA:58971 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An epithelium that is part of a colon [Automatically generated definition]. + Intestinal epithelium which lines the lumen of the posterior intestine.[TAO] + BTO:0001709 + CALOHA:TS-0163 + EMAPA:18941 + FMA:17302 + MA:0003195 + SCTID:42978003 + TAO:0005128 + ZFA:0005128 + colon epithelial tissue + colon epithelium + epithelial tissue of colon + epithelial tissue of large bowel + epithelium of colon + epithelium of large bowel + large bowel epithelial tissue + large bowel epithelium + posterior intestine epithelium + uberon + UBERON:0000397 + + + colonic epithelium + colonic epithelium + surface epithelium + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:07:27.339068 + + + + + An epithelium that is part of a colon [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + Intestinal epithelium which lines the lumen of the posterior intestine.[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0005128 + TAO + ZFIN:curator + + + + + colon epithelial tissue + OBOL:automatic + + + + + colon epithelium + FMA:17302 + + + + + colon epithelium + OBOL:automatic + + + + + epithelial tissue of colon + OBOL:automatic + + + + + epithelial tissue of large bowel + OBOL:automatic + + + + + epithelium of colon + OBOL:automatic + + + + + epithelium of large bowel + OBOL:automatic + + + + + large bowel epithelial tissue + OBOL:automatic + + + + + large bowel epithelium + OBOL:automatic + + + + + posterior intestine epithelium + ZFA:0005128 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A mucosa that is part of a jejunum [Automatically generated definition]. + BTO:0001742 + CALOHA:TS-0495 + EMAPA:27109 + FMA:14949 + MA:0003214 + SCTID:362151009 + jejunal mucous membrane + jejunum mucosa + jejunum mucosa of organ + jejunum mucous membrane + jejunum organ mucosa + mucosa of jejunum + mucosa of organ of jejunum + mucous membrane of jejunum + organ mucosa of jejunum + uberon + UBERON:0000399 + + jejunal mucosa + jejunal mucosa + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:16:11.985140 + + + + + A mucosa that is part of a jejunum [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + jejunal mucous membrane + FMA:14949 + + + + + jejunum mucosa + FMA:14949 + + + + + jejunum mucosa of organ + OBOL:automatic + + + + + jejunum mucous membrane + OBOL:automatic + + + + + jejunum organ mucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mucosa of jejunum + FMA:14949 + + + + + mucosa of organ of jejunum + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mucous membrane of jejunum + OBOL:automatic + + + + + organ mucosa of jejunum + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An epithelium that is part of a jejunum. + BTO:0001743 + CALOHA:TS-0494 + EMAPA:18668 + FMA:17232 + MA:0003215 + SCTID:57300004 + epithelium of jejunum + uberon + UBERON:0000400 + + jejunal epithelium + jejunal epithelium + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:16:11.985112 + + + + + An epithelium that is part of a jejunum. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A merocrine, unbranched, unbranched, coiled, tubular gland sweat gland. In humans, distributed over almost all of the body surface, and promote cooling by evaporation of their secretion. + in mice, found only on footpads; in humans, entire body including soles and palms + BTO:0002323 + FMA:59154 + GAID:945 + MA:0003039 + MESH:D004439 + NCIT:C32490 + SCTID:361699008 + UMLS:C0013492 + Wikipedia:Eccrine_sweat_gland + glandula sudorifera eccrina + glandula sudorifera merocrina + uberon + eccrine gland + merocrine sweat gland + UBERON:0000423 + + + + eccrine sweat gland + eccrine (sweat) gland + eccrine sweat gland + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:07:27.339077 + + + + + A merocrine, unbranched, unbranched, coiled, tubular gland sweat gland. In humans, distributed over almost all of the body surface, and promote cooling by evaporation of their secretion. + Wikipedia:Eccrine_sweat_gland + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + UMLS:C0013492 + ncithesaurus:Eccrine_Sweat_Gland + + + + + glandula sudorifera eccrina + Wikipedia:Eccrine_sweat_gland + + + + + + glandula sudorifera merocrina + Wikipedia:Eccrine_sweat_gland + + + + + + eccrine gland + FMA:59154 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The prostate epithelium. + TODO - check 2 FMA IDs + UBERON:0002452 + BTO:0002397 + CALOHA:TS-2065 + EMAPA:35711 + FMA:66812 + FMA:79643 + MA:0001737 + NCIT:C13103 + UMLS:C1179826 + epithelial tissue of prostate + epithelial tissue of prostate gland + epithelium of prostate + epithelium of prostate gland + epithelium of prostatic gland + prostate epithelial tissue + prostate gland epithelial tissue + prostate gland epithelium + prostatic epithelium + prostatic gland epithelium + uberon + UBERON:0000428 + + + prostate epithelium + prostate epithelium + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:14:44.185757 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:14:53.373728 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:14:53.373703 + + + + + The prostate epithelium. + MP:0001168 + + + + + UMLS:C1179826 + ncithesaurus:Prostatic_Epithelium + + + + + epithelial tissue of prostate + OBOL:automatic + + + + + epithelial tissue of prostate gland + OBOL:automatic + + + + + epithelium of prostate + OBOL:automatic + + + + + epithelium of prostate gland + OBOL:automatic + + + + + epithelium of prostatic gland + FMA:79643 + + + + + prostate epithelial tissue + OBOL:automatic + + + + + prostate gland epithelial tissue + OBOL:automatic + + + + + prostatic epithelium + FMA:66812 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A vein that drains the left pampiniform plexus and empties into the left renal vein. + BTO:0002679 + EMAPA:37383 + FMA:14341 + MA:0002220 + NCIT:C52697 + SCTID:53500001 + right spermatic vein + vena testicularis (adrenalis) dextra + uberon + vena testicularis dextra + vena testicularis sinistra + UBERON:0000442 + + right testicular vein + right testicular vein + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.166189 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:48.278418 + + + + + A vein that drains the left pampiniform plexus and empties into the left renal vein. + Dorlands_Medical_Dictionary:MerckSource + + + + + EMAPA:37383 + MA:th + + + + + right spermatic vein + MA:0002220 + + + + + vena testicularis (adrenalis) dextra + FMA:14341 + + + + + vena testicularis dextra + BTO:0002679 + + + + + vena testicularis sinistra + BTO:0002680 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A vein that drains the right pampiniform plexus and empties into the inferior vena cava. + BTO:0002680 + EMAPA:37167 + FMA:14345 + MA:0002219 + NCIT:C52696 + SCTID:90988008 + left spermatic vein + uberon + vena testicularis dextra + vena testicularis sinistra + UBERON:0000443 + + left testicular vein + left testicular vein + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.168417 + + + + + A vein that drains the right pampiniform plexus and empties into the inferior vena cava. + Dorlands_Medical_Dictionary:MerckSource + + + + + EMAPA:37167 + MA:th + + + + + left spermatic vein + MA:0002219 + + + + + vena testicularis dextra + BTO:0002679 + + + + + vena testicularis sinistra + BTO:0002680 + + + + + + + + White fibrous tissue that replaces the regressing corpus luteum in the human ovary in the latter half of pregnancy, or soon after ovulation when pregnancy does not supervene. + BTO:0002784 + EMAPA:29888 + FMA:18620 + SCTID:258043001 + corpus albicans of ovary + uberon + corpus fibrosum + corpus mamillare + mamillary body + mammillary body + UBERON:0000450 + + corpus albicans + corpus albicans + + + + + White fibrous tissue that replaces the regressing corpus luteum in the human ovary in the latter half of pregnancy, or soon after ovulation when pregnancy does not supervene. + BTO:0002784 + + + + + corpus albicans of ovary + FMA:18620 + + + + + corpus fibrosum + BTO:0002784 + + + + + corpus mamillare + BTO:0002784 + + + + + mamillary body + BTO:0002784 + + + + + + mammillary body + BTO:0002784 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The region of the opening of the uterine cervix into the uterine cavity. + BTO:0003002 + FMA:86485 + NCIT:C12309 + SCTID:264460007 + UMLS:C0227837 + uberon + UBERON:0000458 + + endocervix + endocervix + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:19:59.368956 + + + + + The region of the opening of the uterine cervix into the uterine cavity. + BTO:0003002 + + + + + UMLS:C0227837 + ncithesaurus:Endocervix + + + + + + + + The ileocecal valve is a sphincter muscle situated at the junction of the small intestine (ileum) and the large intestine. Its critical function is to limit the reflux of colonic contents into the ileum. + FMA:15973 + NCIT:C13066 + SCTID:362153007 + UMLS:C0020880 + Wikipedia:Ileocecal_valve + galen:IleocecalValve + valva ileocaecalis (valva ilealis) + uberon + Tulp's valve + valva ileocaecalis + UBERON:0000569 + + ileocecal valve + ileocecal valve + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fc/Gray1075.png + + + + + The ileocecal valve is a sphincter muscle situated at the junction of the small intestine (ileum) and the large intestine. Its critical function is to limit the reflux of colonic contents into the ileum. + Wikipedia:Ileocecal_valve + + + + + UMLS:C0020880 + ncithesaurus:Ileocecal_Valve + + + + + valva ileocaecalis (valva ilealis) + FMA:15973 + + + + + Tulp's valve + Wikipedia:Ileocecal_valve + + + + + valva ileocaecalis + Wikipedia:Ileocecal_valve + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A bundle of myelinated nerve fibers passing transversely through the lamina terminalis and connecting symmetrical parts of the two cerebral hemispheres; it consists of a smaller anterior part (pars anterior commissurae anterioris) and a larger posterior part (pars posterior commissurae anterioris). + In all vertebrates the thin structure that connects the two halves of the telencephalon shows a ridge-like thickening at the basal side known as the anterior commissure.[well established][VHOG] + BAMS:AC + BAMS:AG + BAMS:Ac + BAMS:ac + BIRNLEX:1557 + BM:Tel-AC + BTO:0002169 + DHBA:10559 + DMBA:17751 + EMAPA:19038 + FMA:61961 + HBA:9221 + MA:0002722 + NCIT:C32086 + NLX:144088 + SCTID:279313001 + SCTID:369119009 + TAO:0001108 + UMLS:C0152335 + VHOG:0001558 + Wikipedia:Anterior_commissure + ZFA:0001108 + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=205 + anterior cerebral commissure + commissura anterior cerebri + commissura rostralis + uberon + AC + anterior commissural nucleus + commissura anterior + commissura rostral + paleocortical commissure + precommisure + rostral commissure + UBERON:0000935 + + + + + anterior commissure + anterior commissure + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b4/Gray744.png + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:00:32.978161 + + + + + A bundle of myelinated nerve fibers passing transversely through the lamina terminalis and connecting symmetrical parts of the two cerebral hemispheres; it consists of a smaller anterior part (pars anterior commissurae anterioris) and a larger posterior part (pars posterior commissurae anterioris). + BTO:0002169 + + + + + In all vertebrates the thin structure that connects the two halves of the telencephalon shows a ridge-like thickening at the basal side known as the anterior commissure.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0001558 + VHOG + DOI:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1969.tb20432.x + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + UMLS:C0152335 + BIRNLEX:1557 + + + + + UMLS:C0152335 + ncithesaurus:Anterior_Commissure + + + + + anterior cerebral commissure + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + commissura anterior cerebri + NeuroNames:205 + + + + + + AC + NLX:144088 + + + + + + anterior commissural nucleus + BAMS:AC + + + + + commissura anterior + Wikipedia:Anterior_commissure + + + + + + paleocortical commissure + NeuroNames:205 + + + + + precommisure + Wikipedia:Anterior_commisure + + + + + rostral commissure + NeuroNames:205 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A membranous fold of the heart that prevents reflux of fluid. + One of the four structures within the heart that prevent backflow of blood by opening and closing with each heartbeat. The valves include two semilunar valves, the aortic and pulmonary; the mitral or bicuspid valve; and the tricuspid valve. The valves permit blood flow in only one direction. [TFD][VHOG] + Extensive conservation of valve developmental mechanisms also has been observed among vertebrate species including chicken, mouse, and human.[well established][VHOG] + Rector et al: One might be tempted to define 'heart valve' equivalently to 'valve in the heart', and 'valve' as a 'structure which functions as a valve'. But this combination results in the 'foramen ovale' being classified as a kind of 'heart valve', since it is undoubtedly located in the heart and functions as a valve + BTO:0000564 + EMAPA:17869 + EV:0100024 + FMA:7110 + GAID:176 + MA:0000086 + MESH:D006351 + NCIT:C12729 + OpenCyc:Mx4rv8oyuJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA + SCTID:181285005 + TAO:0005065 + UMLS:C0018826 + VHOG:0000818 + Wikipedia:Cardiac_valve + XAO:0004126 + ZFA:0005065 + galen:HeartValve + heart valve + valve of heart + uberon + cardiac valve + heart valve + heart valves + stomodaeal valve + valvule + UBERON:0000946 + + + + + cardial valve + Cardial valve + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:03:49.272989 + + + + + A membranous fold of the heart that prevents reflux of fluid. + MESH:A07.541.510 + MP:0000285 + PMID:7926784 + + + + + One of the four structures within the heart that prevent backflow of blood by opening and closing with each heartbeat. The valves include two semilunar valves, the aortic and pulmonary; the mitral or bicuspid valve; and the tricuspid valve. The valves permit blood flow in only one direction. [TFD][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000818 + VHOG + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/heart+valve + + + + + Extensive conservation of valve developmental mechanisms also has been observed among vertebrate species including chicken, mouse, and human.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000818 + VHOG + DOI:10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.109.201566 Combs MD, Yutzey KE, Heart valve development. Circulatory Research (2009) + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + UMLS:C0018826 + ncithesaurus:Cardiac_Valve + + + + + cardiac valve + GO:0003170 + + + + + heart valve + XAO:0004126 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The main trunk of the systemic arterial system that carries blood from the heart to all the organs and other structures of the body, bringing oxygenated blood to all parts of the body in the systemic circulation. + This class is currently a mixed bag, encompassing (1) the entirety of the mammalian aorta together with (2) the developmental and phylogenetic homologs of its segments: the ventral aorta and dorsal aortae. + The main artery of the circulatory system which carries oxygenated blood from the heart to all the arteries of the body except those of the lungs.[AAO] + When vertebrates first appeared, they must have possessed a ventral and dorsal aorta with aortic arches between them.[well established][VHOG] + aortic + All amniotes have a broadly similar arrangement to that of humans, albeit with a number of individual variations. In fish, however, there are two separate vessels referred to as aortas. The ventral aorta carries de-oxygenated blood from the heart to the gills; part of this vessel forms the ascending aorta in tetrapods (the remainder forms the pulmonary artery). A second, dorsal aorta carries oxygenated blood from the gills to the rest of the body, and is homologous with the descending aorta of tetrapods. The two aortas are connected by a number of vessels, one passing through each of the gills. Amphibians also retain the fifth connecting vessel, so that the aorta has two parallel arches + AAO:0010213 + BTO:0000135 + CALOHA:TS-0046 + EFO:0000265 + EMAPA:18601 + EV:0100027 + FMA:3734 + GAID:469 + MA:0000062 + MAT:0000035 + MESH:D001011 + MIAA:0000035 + NCIT:C12669 + OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjvTpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA + SCTID:181298001 + UMLS:C0003483 + VHOG:0001523 + Wikipedia:Aorta + XAO:0003010 + galen:Aorta + trunk of aortic tree + trunk of systemic arterial tree + dorsal aorta + uberon + arteria maxima + UBERON:0000947 + + + + + + aorta + aorta + Aorta:scheme.jpg + + + + + This class is currently a mixed bag, encompassing (1) the entirety of the mammalian aorta together with (2) the developmental and phylogenetic homologs of its segments: the ventral aorta and dorsal aortae. + WP + + + + + The main artery of the circulatory system which carries oxygenated blood from the heart to all the arteries of the body except those of the lungs.[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0010213 + AAO + AAO:BJB + + + + + When vertebrates first appeared, they must have possessed a ventral and dorsal aorta with aortic arches between them.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0001523 + VHOG + ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.620 + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + UMLS:C0003483 + ncithesaurus:Aorta + + + + + dorsal aorta + Wikipedia:Aorta#In_other_animals + ZFA:0000014 + + + + + + arteria maxima + Wikipedia:Aorta + + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.166083 + + + + + The main trunk of the systemic arterial system that carries blood from the heart to all the organs and other structures of the body, bringing oxygenated blood to all parts of the body in the systemic circulation. + ISBN:0-683-40008-8 + MESH:A07.231.114.056 + MP:0000272 + Wikipedia:Aorta + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + + + + A myogenic muscular circulatory organ found in the vertebrate cardiovascular system composed of chambers of cardiac muscle. It is the primary circulatory organ. + + + Blood pumping organ composed of four chambers: sinus venosus, atrium, cardiac ventricle and bulbus arteriosus.[TAO] + Part of the circulatory system responsible for pumping blood; composed of three chambers--two atria and one ventricle.[AAO] + relationship type change: differentiates_from lateral plate mesoderm (AAO:0010574) CHANGED TO: develops_from lateral plate mesoderm (UBERON:0003081)[AAO] + As noted, the hearts of birds and mammals have four chambers that arises from the two chambers (atrium and ventricle) of the fish heart.[well established][VHOG] + cardiac + AAO:0010210 + BILA:0000020 + BTO:0000562 + CALOHA:TS-0445 + EFO:0000815 + EHDAA2:0000738 + EHDAA:420 + EMAPA:16105 + EV:0100018 + FMA:7088 + GAID:174 + MA:0000072 + MAT:0000036 + MESH:D006321 + MIAA:0000036 + NCIT:C12727 + OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjvDpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA + SCTID:302509004 + TAO:0000114 + UMLS:C0018787 + VHOG:0000276 + Wikipedia:Heart + XAO:0000064 + ZFA:0000114 + galen:Heart + chambered heart + vertebrate heart + branchial heart + uberon + cardium + UBERON:0000948 + + + + + + + Taxon notes:" the ascidian tube-like heart lacks chambers....The ascidian heart is formed after metamorphosis as a simple tube-like structure with a single-layered myoepithelium that is continuous with a single-layered pericar- dial wall. It lacks chambers and endocardium.... The innovation of the chambered heart was a key event in vertebrate evolution, because the chambered heart generates one-way blood flow with high pressure, a critical requirement for the efficient blood supply of large-body vertebrates... all extant vertebrates have hearts with two or more chambers (Moorman and Christoffels 2003)" DOI:10.1101/gad.1485706 + + heart + heart + + + + + A myogenic muscular circulatory organ found in the vertebrate cardiovascular system composed of chambers of cardiac muscle. It is the primary circulatory organ. + Wikipedia:Heart + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + Blood pumping organ composed of four chambers: sinus venosus, atrium, cardiac ventricle and bulbus arteriosus.[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0000114 + TAO + ZFIN:curator + + + + + Part of the circulatory system responsible for pumping blood; composed of three chambers--two atria and one ventricle.[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0010210 + AAO + AAO:BJB + + + + + relationship type change: differentiates_from lateral plate mesoderm (AAO:0010574) CHANGED TO: develops_from lateral plate mesoderm (UBERON:0003081)[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0010210 + AAO + + + + + As noted, the hearts of birds and mammals have four chambers that arises from the two chambers (atrium and ventricle) of the fish heart.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000276 + VHOG + ISBN:978-0072528305 Kardong KV, Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy, Function, Evolution (2006) p.481 + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + UMLS:C0018787 + ncithesaurus:Heart + + + + + chambered heart + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + branchial heart + + + + + + cardium + EMAPA:16105 + + + + + + + + The brain is the center of the nervous system in all vertebrate, and most invertebrate, animals. Some primitive animals such as jellyfish and starfish have a decentralized nervous system without a brain, while sponges lack any nervous system at all. In vertebrates, the brain is located in the head, protected by the skull and close to the primary sensory apparatus of vision, hearing, balance, taste, and smell[WP]. + requires review for applicability to invertebrate structures, e.g. synganglion + Cavitated compound organ which is comprised of gray and white matter and surrounds the cerebral ventricular system.[TAO] + Part of the central nervous system situated within the cranium and composed of both nerve cell bodies and nerve fibers.[AAO] + The part of the central nervous system contained within the cranium, comprising the forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain, and metencephalon. It is derived from the anterior part of the embryonic neural tube (or the encephalon). Does not include retina. (CUMBO) + (...) at some stage of its development, every chordate exhibits five uniquely derived characters or synapomorphies of the group: (...) (4) a single, tubular nerve cord that is located dorsal to the notochord (...) (reference 1); The neural tube is destined to differentiate into the brain and spinal cord (the central nervous system) (reference 2).[well established][VHOG] + AAO:0010478 + ABA:Brain + BAMS:Br + BAMS:Brain + BILA:0000135 + BIRNLEX:796 + BTO:0000142 + CALOHA:TS-0095 + DHBA:10155 + EFO:0000302 + EHDAA2:0000183 + EHDAA:2641 + EHDAA:6485 + EMAPA:16894 + EV:0100164 + FBbt:00005095 + FMA:50801 + GAID:571 + HBA:4005 + MA:0000168 + MAT:0000098 + MBA:8 + MBA:997 + MESH:D001921 + MIAA:0000098 + NCIT:C12439 + OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjT65wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA + PBA:3999 + SCTID:258335003 + TAO:0000008 + UMLS:C0006104 + UMLS:C1269537 + VHOG:0000157 + Wikipedia:Brain + XAO:0000010 + ZFA:0000008 + galen:Brain + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=21 + uberon + encephalon + suprasegmental levels of nervous system + suprasegmental structures + synganglion + the brain + UBERON:0000955 + + + + + + + + brain + brain + + + + + The brain is the center of the nervous system in all vertebrate, and most invertebrate, animals. Some primitive animals such as jellyfish and starfish have a decentralized nervous system without a brain, while sponges lack any nervous system at all. In vertebrates, the brain is located in the head, protected by the skull and close to the primary sensory apparatus of vision, hearing, balance, taste, and smell[WP]. + Wikipedia:Brain + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/300 + + + + + Cavitated compound organ which is comprised of gray and white matter and surrounds the cerebral ventricular system.[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0000008 + TAO + ZFIN:curator + + + + + Part of the central nervous system situated within the cranium and composed of both nerve cell bodies and nerve fibers.[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0010478 + AAO + AAO:BJB + + + + + The part of the central nervous system contained within the cranium, comprising the forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain, and metencephalon. It is derived from the anterior part of the embryonic neural tube (or the encephalon). Does not include retina. (CUMBO) + http://neurolex.org/wiki/Cumbo_terms + + + + + (...) at some stage of its development, every chordate exhibits five uniquely derived characters or synapomorphies of the group: (...) (4) a single, tubular nerve cord that is located dorsal to the notochord (...) (reference 1); The neural tube is destined to differentiate into the brain and spinal cord (the central nervous system) (reference 2).[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000157 + VHOG + ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.28, ISBN:978-0072528305 Kardong KV, Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy, Function, Evolution (2006) p.165 + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + UMLS:C0006104 + BIRNLEX:796 + + + + + UMLS:C0006104 + ncithesaurus:Brain + + + + + UMLS:C1269537 + BIRNLEX:796 + + + + + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=21 + BIRNLEX:796 + + + + + encephalon + BTO:0000142 + + + + + suprasegmental levels of nervous system + NeuroNames:21 + + + + + suprasegmental structures + NeuroNames:21 + + + + + the brain + NeuroNames:21 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The thin layer of gray matter on the surface of the cerebral hemisphere that develops from the telencephalon. It consists of the neocortex (6 layered cortex or isocortex), the hippocampal formation and the olfactory cortex. + We follow NIFSTD in defining cerebral cortex and including both neocortex and hippocampal formation (DG+hippocampus). + + The cerebral cortex is a structure within the brain that plays a key role in memory, attention, perceptual awareness, thought, language, and consciousness. It constitutes the outermost layer of the cerebrum. In preserved brains, it has a grey color, hence the name 'grey matter'. Grey matter is formed by neurons and their unmyelinated fibers, whereas the white matter below the grey matter of the cortex is formed predominantly by myelinated axons interconnecting different regions of the central nervous system. The human cerebral cortex is 2-4 mm (0.08-0.16 inches) thick. The surface of the cerebral cortex is folded in large mammals, such that more than two-thirds of the cortical surface is buried in the grooves, called 'sulci. ' The phylogenetically most recent part of the cerebral cortex, the neocortex, also called isocortex, is differentiated into six horizontal layers; the more ancient part of the cerebral cortex, the hippocampus (also called archicortex), has at most three cellular layers, and is divided into subfields. Relative variations in thickness or cell type (among other parameters) allow us to distinguish between different neocortical architectonic fields. The geometry of at least some of these fields seems to be related to the anatomy of the cortical folds, and, for example, layers in the upper part of the cortical ridges seem to be more clearly differentiated than in its deeper parts. [WP,unvetted][Wikipedia:Cerebral_cortex]. + Migration of neurons from the basal or striatal portions of the anterior part of the neural tube occurs to varying degrees in different vertebrate classes, but a true cerebral cortex is generally acknowledged to have made its first appearance in reptiles. The definition can be unambiguous, since 'cortex' simply implies the existence of a surface neuronal layer with an overlying 'zonal lamina' or 'molecular' layer containing dendrites and axons, which is separated from the underlying basal 'matrix' by white matter. Although reptilian cerebral cortex does indeed fulfill these conditions in certain locations, the separation from striatal structures is often indistinct, so that it may even be argued that some primitive dipnoans possess a pallium or cortex. Nevertheless, an extensive laminated layer separated by underlying white matter is well represented only in reptiles and mammals.[well established][VHOG] + hagfishes have independently evolved a highly laminated cerebral cortex, comparable in many ways to the cerebral cortex of mammals [http://icb.oxfordjournals.org/content/42/4/743] + BAMS:C + BAMS:CTX + BAMS:Cerebral_cortex + BAMS:Cx + BIRNLEX:1494 + BM:Tel-Cx + BTO:0000233 + CALOHA:TS-0091 + DHBA:10159 + EFO:0000328 + EHDAA2:0000234 + EHDAA:5464 + EMAPA:17544 + EV:0100166 + FMA:61830 + GAID:629 + HBA:4008 + MA:0000185 + MAT:0000108 + MBA:688 + MESH:A08.186.211.730.885.213 + MIAA:0000108 + NCIT:C12443 + PBA:128011354 + SCTID:362880003 + UMLS:C0007776 + VHOG:0000722 + Wikipedia:Cerebral_cortex + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=39 + cortex of cerebral hemisphere + uberon + brain cortex + cortex cerebralis + cortex cerebri + cortical plate (CTXpl) + cortical plate (areas) + pallium of the brain + UBERON:0000956 + + + + + cerebral cortex + cerebral cortex + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7b/Cerebral_Cortex_location.jpg + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9a/Brainmaps-macaque-hippocampus.jpg + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:00:32.978348 + + + + + The thin layer of gray matter on the surface of the cerebral hemisphere that develops from the telencephalon. It consists of the neocortex (6 layered cortex or isocortex), the hippocampal formation and the olfactory cortex. + BIRNLEX:1494 + + + + + The cerebral cortex is a structure within the brain that plays a key role in memory, attention, perceptual awareness, thought, language, and consciousness. It constitutes the outermost layer of the cerebrum. In preserved brains, it has a grey color, hence the name 'grey matter'. Grey matter is formed by neurons and their unmyelinated fibers, whereas the white matter below the grey matter of the cortex is formed predominantly by myelinated axons interconnecting different regions of the central nervous system. The human cerebral cortex is 2-4 mm (0.08-0.16 inches) thick. The surface of the cerebral cortex is folded in large mammals, such that more than two-thirds of the cortical surface is buried in the grooves, called 'sulci. ' The phylogenetically most recent part of the cerebral cortex, the neocortex, also called isocortex, is differentiated into six horizontal layers; the more ancient part of the cerebral cortex, the hippocampus (also called archicortex), has at most three cellular layers, and is divided into subfields. Relative variations in thickness or cell type (among other parameters) allow us to distinguish between different neocortical architectonic fields. The geometry of at least some of these fields seems to be related to the anatomy of the cortical folds, and, for example, layers in the upper part of the cortical ridges seem to be more clearly differentiated than in its deeper parts. [WP,unvetted][Wikipedia:Cerebral_cortex]. + Wikipedia:Cerebral_cortex + + + + + Migration of neurons from the basal or striatal portions of the anterior part of the neural tube occurs to varying degrees in different vertebrate classes, but a true cerebral cortex is generally acknowledged to have made its first appearance in reptiles. The definition can be unambiguous, since 'cortex' simply implies the existence of a surface neuronal layer with an overlying 'zonal lamina' or 'molecular' layer containing dendrites and axons, which is separated from the underlying basal 'matrix' by white matter. Although reptilian cerebral cortex does indeed fulfill these conditions in certain locations, the separation from striatal structures is often indistinct, so that it may even be argued that some primitive dipnoans possess a pallium or cortex. Nevertheless, an extensive laminated layer separated by underlying white matter is well represented only in reptiles and mammals.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000722 + VHOG + DOI:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1969.tb20437.x Kruger L, Experimental analyses of the reptilian nervous system. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences (1969) + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + UMLS:C0007776 + BIRNLEX:1494 + + + + + UMLS:C0007776 + ncithesaurus:Cortex + + + + + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=39 + BIRNLEX:1494 + + + + + cortex of cerebral hemisphere + BTO:0000233 + FMA:61830 + + + + + brain cortex + BTO:0000233 + + + + + cortex cerebralis + NeuroNames:39 + + + + + + cortex cerebri + Wikipedia:Cerebral_cortex + + + + + + cortical plate (CTXpl) + NeuroNames:39 + + + + + cortical plate (areas) + NeuroNames:39 + + + + + pallium of the brain + BTO:0000233 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The transparent anterior portion of the fibrous coat of the eye that serves as the chief refractory structure. + corneal + Compared to terrestial animals, the cornea of zebrafish is relatively flat. It consists of nonpigmented, stratified squamous nonkeratinizing epithelial cells, attached to a thick basement membrane that is considered to be analogous to the Bowman's membrane in mammals. In fish, and aquatic vertebrates in general, the cornea plays no role in focusing light, since it has virtually the same refractive index as water + AAO:0010344 + BTO:0000286 + CALOHA:TS-0171 + EFO:0000377 + EHDAA2:0000316 + EHDAA:10199 + EMAPA:17161 + EV:0100341 + FMA:58238 + GAID:892 + MA:0000266 + MESH:D003315 + NCIT:C12342 + OpenCyc:Mx4rvViBa5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA + SCTID:181162001 + TAO:0000640 + UMLS:C0010031 + VHOG:0000164 + Wikipedia:Cornea + XAO:0000180 + ZFA:0000640 + cornea of camera-type eye + uberon + corneas + tunica cornea + UBERON:0000964 + + + + + + cornea + Cornea + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1e/Schematic_diagram_of_the_human_eye_en.svg + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:02:14.759347 + + + + + The transparent anterior portion of the fibrous coat of the eye that serves as the chief refractory structure. + ISBN:0-683-40008-8 + MESH:A09.371.060.217 + MP:0001312 + + + + + UMLS:C0010031 + ncithesaurus:Cornea + + + + + cornea of camera-type eye + GO:0061303 + + + + + corneas + ZFA:0000640 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Transparent part of camera-type eye that helps to refract light to be focused on the retina. + + The eye of the adult lamprey is remarkably similar to our own, and it possesses numerous features (including the expression of opsin genes) that are very similar to those of the eyes of jawed vertebrates. The lamprey's camera-like eye has a lens, an iris and extra-ocular muscles (five of them, unlike the eyes of jawed vertebrates, which have six), although it lacks intra-ocular muscles. Its retina also has a structure very similar to that of the retinas of other vertebrates, with three nuclear layers comprised of the cell bodies of photoreceptors and bipolar, horizontal, amacrine and ganglion cells. The southern hemisphere lamprey, Geotria australis, possesses five morphological classes of retinal photoreceptor and five classes of opsin, each of which is closely related to the opsins of jawed vertebrates. Given these similarities, we reach the inescapable conclusion that the last common ancestor of jawless and jawed vertebrates already possessed an eye that was comparable to that of extant lampreys and gnathostomes. Accordingly, a vertebrate camera-like eye must have been present by the time that lampreys and gnathostomes diverged, around 500 Mya.[well established][VHOG] + This class excludes compound eye corneal lenses. + AAO:0010348 + BTO:0000723 + CALOHA:TS-0545 + EHDAA:9057 + EMAPA:17838 + EV:0100343 + FMA:58241 + MA:0000275 + MAT:0000141 + MESH:A09.371.509 + MIAA:0000141 + NCIT:C12743 + OpenCyc:Mx4rvVj0fZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA + RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000975 + SCTID:181169005 + TAO:0000035 + UMLS:C0023317 + VHOG:0000169 + Wikipedia:Lens_(anatomy) + XAO:0000008 + ZFA:0000035 + camera-type eye lens + eye lens + lens + lens crystallina + uberon + crystalline lens + lenses + ocular lens + UBERON:0000965 + + + + The lens is avascular and nourished by diffusion from the aqueous and vitreous + + lens of camera-type eye + lens + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:02:14.759352 + + + + + Transparent part of camera-type eye that helps to refract light to be focused on the retina. + Wikipedia:Lens_(anatomy) + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + The eye of the adult lamprey is remarkably similar to our own, and it possesses numerous features (including the expression of opsin genes) that are very similar to those of the eyes of jawed vertebrates. The lamprey's camera-like eye has a lens, an iris and extra-ocular muscles (five of them, unlike the eyes of jawed vertebrates, which have six), although it lacks intra-ocular muscles. Its retina also has a structure very similar to that of the retinas of other vertebrates, with three nuclear layers comprised of the cell bodies of photoreceptors and bipolar, horizontal, amacrine and ganglion cells. The southern hemisphere lamprey, Geotria australis, possesses five morphological classes of retinal photoreceptor and five classes of opsin, each of which is closely related to the opsins of jawed vertebrates. Given these similarities, we reach the inescapable conclusion that the last common ancestor of jawless and jawed vertebrates already possessed an eye that was comparable to that of extant lampreys and gnathostomes. Accordingly, a vertebrate camera-like eye must have been present by the time that lampreys and gnathostomes diverged, around 500 Mya.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000169 + VHOG + DOI:10.1038/nrn2283 Lamb TD, Collin SP and Pugh EN Jr, Evolution of the vertebrate eye: opsins, photoreceptors, retina and eye cup. Nature Reviews Neuroscience (2007) + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + UMLS:C0023317 + ncithesaurus:Crystalline_Lens + + + + + camera-type eye lens + GO:0002088 + + + + + eye lens + + + + + + lens + + + + + + lens crystallina + Wikipedia:Lens_(anatomy) + + + + + crystalline lens + BTO:0000723 + + + + + lenses + ZFA:0000035 + + + + + + ocular lens + BTO:0000723 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The retina is the innermost layer or coating at the back of the eyeball, which is sensitive to light and in which the optic nerve terminates. + + The portion of the eye developing from the optic primordium and including the neural retina and the retinal pigment layer. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] + The eye of the adult lamprey is remarkably similar to our own, and it possesses numerous features (including the expression of opsin genes) that are very similar to those of the eyes of jawed vertebrates. The lamprey's camera-like eye has a lens, an iris and extra-ocular muscles (five of them, unlike the eyes of jawed vertebrates, which have six), although it lacks intra-ocular muscles. Its retina also has a structure very similar to that of the retinas of other vertebrates, with three nuclear layers comprised of the cell bodies of photoreceptors and bipolar, horizontal, amacrine and ganglion cells. The southern hemisphere lamprey, Geotria australis, possesses five morphological classes of retinal photoreceptor and five classes of opsin, each of which is closely related to the opsins of jawed vertebrates. Given these similarities, we reach the inescapable conclusion that the last common ancestor of jawless and jawed vertebrates already possessed an eye that was comparable to that of extant lampreys and gnathostomes. Accordingly, a vertebrate camera-like eye must have been present by the time that lampreys and gnathostomes diverged, around 500 Mya.[well established][VHOG] + retinal + AAO:0010352 + BAMS:R + BIRNLEX:1153 + BTO:0001175 + CALOHA:TS-0865 + EFO:0000832 + EHDAA2:0001627 + EHDAA:4757 + EMAPA:17168 + EV:0100348 + FMA:58301 + GAID:755 + MA:0000276 + MAT:0000142 + MBA:304325711 + MESH:D012160 + MIAA:0000142 + NCIT:C12343 + NIFSTD_RETIRED:birnlex_1156 + OpenCyc:Mx4rvViTfpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA + SCTID:181171005 + TAO:0000152 + UMLS:C0035298 + UMLS:C1278894 + VHOG:0000229 + Wikipedia:Retina + XAO:0000009 + ZFA:0000152 + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1862 + inner layer of eyeball + retina of camera-type eye + tunica interna of eyeball + uberon + Netzhaut + retinas + UBERON:0000966 + + + + + Currently this class encompasses only verteberate AOs but could in theory also include cephalopod - we may want to make a more specific class for vertebrate retina. note that this class excludes ommatidial retinas, as the retina must be part of an eyeball. Use the parent class photoreceptor array / light-sensitive tissue for arthropods + + retina + retina + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Human_eye_cross-sectional_view_grayscale.png + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:02:14.759316 + + + + + The retina is the innermost layer or coating at the back of the eyeball, which is sensitive to light and in which the optic nerve terminates. + Wikipedia:Retina + ZFIN:curator + + + + + The portion of the eye developing from the optic primordium and including the neural retina and the retinal pigment layer. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0000152 + TAO + ZFIN:curator + + + + + The eye of the adult lamprey is remarkably similar to our own, and it possesses numerous features (including the expression of opsin genes) that are very similar to those of the eyes of jawed vertebrates. The lamprey's camera-like eye has a lens, an iris and extra-ocular muscles (five of them, unlike the eyes of jawed vertebrates, which have six), although it lacks intra-ocular muscles. Its retina also has a structure very similar to that of the retinas of other vertebrates, with three nuclear layers comprised of the cell bodies of photoreceptors and bipolar, horizontal, amacrine and ganglion cells. The southern hemisphere lamprey, Geotria australis, possesses five morphological classes of retinal photoreceptor and five classes of opsin, each of which is closely related to the opsins of jawed vertebrates. Given these similarities, we reach the inescapable conclusion that the last common ancestor of jawless and jawed vertebrates already possessed an eye that was comparable to that of extant lampreys and gnathostomes. Accordingly, a vertebrate camera-like eye must have been present by the time that lampreys and gnathostomes diverged, around 500 Mya.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000229 + VHOG + DOI:10.1038/nrn2283 Lamb TD, Collin SP and Pugh EN Jr, Evolution of the vertebrate eye: opsins, photoreceptors, retina and eye cup. Nature Reviews Neuroscience (2007) + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + UMLS:C0035298 + BIRNLEX:1153 + + + + + UMLS:C0035298 + ncithesaurus:Retina + + + + + UMLS:C1278894 + BIRNLEX:1153 + + + + + retina of camera-type eye + GO:0060041 + + + + + Netzhaut + BTO:0001175 + + + + + retinas + ZFA:0000152 + + + + + + + + + An organ that detects light. + This class encompasses a variety of light-detecting structures from different phyla with no implication of homology, from the compound insect eye to the vertebrate camera-type eye (distinct classes are provided for each) + ocular + optic + Note that whilst this is classified as an organ, it is in fact more of a unit composed of different structures: in Drosophila, it includes the interommatidial bristle as a part; we consider here the vertebrate eye to include the eyeball/eye proper as a part, with the eye having as parts (when present): eyelids, conjuctiva, + BILA:0000017 + BTO:0000439 + CALOHA:TS-0309 + EFO:0000827 + EV:0100336 + FBbt:00005162 + GAID:69 + MAT:0000140 + MESH:D005123 + MIAA:0000140 + OpenCyc:Mx4rvViTvpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA + Wikipedia:Eye + uberon + light-detecting organ + visual apparatus + UBERON:0000970 + + + + + + + eye + eye + + + + + An organ that detects light. + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + visual apparatus + EV:0100336 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Vein that drains the axilla. + In human anatomy, the axillary vein is a large blood vessel that conveys blood from the lateral aspect of the thorax, axilla (armpit) and upper limb toward the heart. There is one axillary vein on each side of the body. Its origin is at the lower margin of the teres major muscle and a continuation of the brachial vein. Its tributaries include the basilic vein and cephalic vein, which are both superficial veins. It terminates at the lateral margin of the first rib, at which it becomes the subclavian vein. It is accompanied along its course by a similarly named artery, the axillary artery + EMAPA:18758 + FMA:13329 + GAID:527 + MA:0002084 + MESH:D001367 + NCIT:C32171 + OpenCyc:Mx4rwLSHK5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA + SCTID:181389002 + UMLS:C0004456 + Wikipedia:Axillary_vein + galen:AxillaryVein + vena axillaris + uberon + subcostal vein + UBERON:0000985 + + + axillary vein + axillary vein + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e9/Gray576.png + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.167395 + + + + + Vein that drains the axilla. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + In human anatomy, the axillary vein is a large blood vessel that conveys blood from the lateral aspect of the thorax, axilla (armpit) and upper limb toward the heart. There is one axillary vein on each side of the body. Its origin is at the lower margin of the teres major muscle and a continuation of the brachial vein. Its tributaries include the basilic vein and cephalic vein, which are both superficial veins. It terminates at the lateral margin of the first rib, at which it becomes the subclavian vein. It is accompanied along its course by a similarly named artery, the axillary artery + WP + + + + + UMLS:C0004456 + ncithesaurus:Axillary_Vein + + + + + vena axillaris + Wikipedia:Axillary_vein + + + + + + + + + The part of the central nervous system lying between the medulla oblongata and the midbrain, ventral to the cerebellum. + The pons is not present in zebrafish. In this ontology we currently have some structures which are applicable to zebrafish appearing as parts of the pons. Currently we only include the weaker dubious_for_taxon relationship ubtil this is resolved + + The part of the central nervous system lying between the medulla oblongata and the midbrain, ventral to the cerebellum. [TFD][VHOG] + During the embryonic development of birds and mammals, neuroblasts migrate from the cerebellum into the ventral part of the rhombencephalon and differentiate into pontine and other nuclei, which relay information from between the cerebrum and cerebellum, and a conspicuous band of transverse fibers. This region is known as the pons. A pons does not differentiate in reptiles and anamniotes (...).[well established][VHOG] + BAMS:PONS + BAMS:Pons + BIRNLEX:733 + BM:Pons + BTO:0001101 + CALOHA:TS-0813 + DHBA:10661 + EFO:0001394 + EHDAA2:0004394 + EMAPA:17563 + EV:0100253 + FMA:67943 + GAID:578 + HBA:9131 + MA:0000204 + MAT:0000115 + MBA:771 + MESH:D011149 + MIAA:0000115 + NCIT:C12511 + SCTID:279103004 + UMLS:C0032639 + UMLS:C1280999 + VHOG:0001176 + Wikipedia:Pons + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=547 + pons Varolii + pons of Varolius + uberon + pons cerebri + UBERON:0000988 + + + + + pons + pons + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/36/Gray768.png + + + + + The part of the central nervous system lying between the medulla oblongata and the midbrain, ventral to the cerebellum. + VHOG:0001176 + + + + + The part of the central nervous system lying between the medulla oblongata and the midbrain, ventral to the cerebellum. [TFD][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0001176 + VHOG + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/pons + + + + + During the embryonic development of birds and mammals, neuroblasts migrate from the cerebellum into the ventral part of the rhombencephalon and differentiate into pontine and other nuclei, which relay information from between the cerebrum and cerebellum, and a conspicuous band of transverse fibers. This region is known as the pons. A pons does not differentiate in reptiles and anamniotes (...).[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0001176 + VHOG + ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.474 + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + UMLS:C0032639 + BIRNLEX:733 + + + + + UMLS:C0032639 + ncithesaurus:Pons_Varolii + + + + + UMLS:C1280999 + BIRNLEX:733 + + + + + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=547 + BIRNLEX:733 + + + + + pons Varolii + ncithesaurus:Pons_Varolii + + + + + pons cerebri + NeuroNames:547 + + + + + + + + + The gonad of a female organism which contains germ cells. + Either of paired female reproductive organs involved in production of ova and female sex hormones.[AAO] + Female reproductive organ.[TAO] + (...) while it is likely that Urbilateria lacked a complex somatic reproductive system, it is at present impossible to speculate on whether or not it possessed a true gonad, let alone any other somatic adaptations for reproduction (reference 1); Examination of different vertebrate species shows that the adult gonad is remarkably similar in its morphology across different phylogenetic classes. Surprisingly, however, the cellular and molecular programs employed to create similar organs are not evolutionarily conserved (reference 2).[uncertain][VHOG] + ovarian + Ovaries of some kind are found in the female reproductive system of many animals that employ sexual reproduction, including invertebrates. However, they develop in a very different way in most invertebrates than they do in vertebrates, and are not truly homologous. Many of the features found in human ovaries are common to all vertebrates, including the presence of follicular cells, tunica albuginea, and so on. However, many species produce a far greater number of eggs during their lifetime than do humans, so that, in fish and amphibians, there may be hundreds, or even millions of fertile eggs present in the ovary at any given time. In these species, fresh eggs may be developing from the germinal epithelium throughout life. Corpora lutea are found only in mammals, and in some elasmobranch fish; in other species, the remnants of the follicle are quickly resorbed by the ovary. In birds, reptiles, and monotremes, the egg is relatively large, filling the follicle, and distorting the shape of the ovary at maturity. Amphibians and reptiles have no ovarian medulla; the central part of the ovary is a hollow, lymph-filled space. The ovary of teleosts is also often hollow, but in this case, the eggs are shed into the cavity, which opens into the oviduct. Although most normal female vertebrates have two ovaries, this is not the case in all species. In birds and platypuses, the right ovary never matures, so that only the left is functional. In some elasmobranchs, the reverse is true, with only the right ovary fully developing. In the primitive jawless fish, and some teleosts, there is only one ovary, formed by the fusion of the paired organs in the embryo + AAO:0000371 + BILA:0000125 + BSA:0000080 + BTO:0000975 + CALOHA:TS-0730 + EFO:0000973 + EHDAA2:0001360 + EHDAA:8124 + EMAPA:17962 + EV:0100111 + FBbt:00004865 + FMA:7209 + GAID:367 + MA:0000384 + MESH:D010053 + MIAA:0000125 + NCIT:C12404 + OpenCyc:Mx4rvVi9QJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA + SCTID:181464007 + TAO:0000403 + UMLS:C0029939 + VHOG:0000251 + Wikipedia:Ovary + XAO:0000258 + ZFA:0000403 + animal ovary + female gonad + female organism genitalia gonad + female organism genitalia gonada + female organism reproductive system gonad + female organism reproductive system gonada + female reproductive system gonad + female reproductive system gonada + genitalia of female organism gonad + genitalia of female organism gonada + gonad of female organism genitalia + gonad of female organism reproductive system + gonad of female reproductive system + gonad of genitalia of female organism + gonad of reproductive system of female organism + gonada of female organism genitalia + gonada of female organism reproductive system + gonada of female reproductive system + gonada of genitalia of female organism + gonada of reproductive system of female organism + ovum-producing ovary + reproductive system of female organism gonad + reproductive system of female organism gonada + uberon + ovaries + ovarium + UBERON:0000992 + + + + + + + ovary + Ovary + Female:anatomy.png + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d4/Gray589.png + + + + + The gonad of a female organism which contains germ cells. + ISBN:0-683-40008-8 + MP:0001126 + Wikipedia:Ovary + + + + + Either of paired female reproductive organs involved in production of ova and female sex hormones.[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0000371 + AAO + AAO:BJB + + + + + Female reproductive organ.[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0000403 + TAO + ZFIN:curator + + + + + (...) while it is likely that Urbilateria lacked a complex somatic reproductive system, it is at present impossible to speculate on whether or not it possessed a true gonad, let alone any other somatic adaptations for reproduction (reference 1); Examination of different vertebrate species shows that the adult gonad is remarkably similar in its morphology across different phylogenetic classes. Surprisingly, however, the cellular and molecular programs employed to create similar organs are not evolutionarily conserved (reference 2).[uncertain][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000251 + VHOG + DOI:10.1093/icb/icm052 Extavour CGM, Gray anatomy: phylogenetic patterns of somatic gonad structures and reproductive strategies across the Bilateria. Integrative and Comparative Biology (2007), DOI:10.1146/annurev.cellbio.042308.13350 DeFalco T and Capel B, Gonad morphogenesis in vertebrates: divergent means to a convergent end. Annual review of cell and developmental biology (2009) + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + Ovaries of some kind are found in the female reproductive system of many animals that employ sexual reproduction, including invertebrates. However, they develop in a very different way in most invertebrates than they do in vertebrates, and are not truly homologous. Many of the features found in human ovaries are common to all vertebrates, including the presence of follicular cells, tunica albuginea, and so on. However, many species produce a far greater number of eggs during their lifetime than do humans, so that, in fish and amphibians, there may be hundreds, or even millions of fertile eggs present in the ovary at any given time. In these species, fresh eggs may be developing from the germinal epithelium throughout life. Corpora lutea are found only in mammals, and in some elasmobranch fish; in other species, the remnants of the follicle are quickly resorbed by the ovary. In birds, reptiles, and monotremes, the egg is relatively large, filling the follicle, and distorting the shape of the ovary at maturity. Amphibians and reptiles have no ovarian medulla; the central part of the ovary is a hollow, lymph-filled space. The ovary of teleosts is also often hollow, but in this case, the eggs are shed into the cavity, which opens into the oviduct. Although most normal female vertebrates have two ovaries, this is not the case in all species. In birds and platypuses, the right ovary never matures, so that only the left is functional. In some elasmobranchs, the reverse is true, with only the right ovary fully developing. In the primitive jawless fish, and some teleosts, there is only one ovary, formed by the fusion of the paired organs in the embryo + WP + + + + + UMLS:C0029939 + ncithesaurus:Ovary + + + + + animal ovary + EFO:0000973 + + + + + female organism genitalia gonad + OBOL:automatic + + + + + female organism genitalia gonada + OBOL:automatic + + + + + female organism reproductive system gonad + OBOL:automatic + + + + + female organism reproductive system gonada + OBOL:automatic + + + + + female reproductive system gonad + OBOL:automatic + + + + + female reproductive system gonada + OBOL:automatic + + + + + genitalia of female organism gonad + OBOL:automatic + + + + + genitalia of female organism gonada + OBOL:automatic + + + + + gonad of female organism genitalia + OBOL:automatic + + + + + gonad of female organism reproductive system + OBOL:automatic + + + + + gonad of female reproductive system + OBOL:automatic + + + + + gonad of genitalia of female organism + OBOL:automatic + + + + + gonad of reproductive system of female organism + OBOL:automatic + + + + + gonada of female organism genitalia + OBOL:automatic + + + + + gonada of female organism reproductive system + OBOL:automatic + + + + + gonada of female reproductive system + OBOL:automatic + + + + + gonada of genitalia of female organism + OBOL:automatic + + + + + gonada of reproductive system of female organism + OBOL:automatic + + + + + ovum-producing ovary + GO:0061039 + + + + + + reproductive system of female organism gonad + OBOL:automatic + + + + + reproductive system of female organism gonada + OBOL:automatic + + + + + ovaries + + + + + + ovarium + Wikipedia:Ovary + + + + + + + + + The female muscular organ of gestation in which the developing embryo or fetus is nourished until birth. + The hollow muscular organ in female mammals in which the blastocyst normally becomes embedded and in which the developing embryo and fetus is nourished. Its cavity opens into the vagina below and into a uterine tube on either side. [TFD][VHOG] + An infundibulum, uterine tube, uterus, and vagina also differentiate along the oviducts of eutherian mammals.[well established][VHOG] + uterine + Most animals that lay eggs, such as birds and reptiles, have an oviduct instead of a uterus. In monotremes, mammals which lay eggs and include the platypus, either the term uterus or oviduct is used to describe the same organ, but the egg does not develop a placenta within the mother and thus does not receive further nourishment after formation and fertilization. Marsupials have two uteruses, each of which connect to a lateral vagina and which both use a third, middle 'vagina' which functions as the birth canal. Marsupial embryos form a choriovitelline 'placenta' (which can be thought of as something between a monotreme egg and a 'true' placenta), in which the egg's yolk sac supplies a large part of the embryo's nutrition but also attaches to the uterine wall and takes nutrients from the mother's bloodstream. + Two uteruses usually form initially in a female fetus, and in placental mammals they may partially or completely fuse into a single uterus depending on the species. In many species with two uteruses, only one is functional. Humans and other higher primates such as chimpanzees, along with horses, usually have a single completely fused uterus, although in some individuals the uteruses may not have completely fused [Wikipedia:Uterus] + BTO:0001424 + CALOHA:TS-1102 + EFO:0000975 + EMAPA:29915 + EV:0100113 + FMA:17558 + GAID:172 + MA:0000389 + MAT:0000127 + MESH:D014599 + MIAA:0000127 + NCIT:C12405 + OpenCyc:Mx4rvViojJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA + SCTID:181452004 + UMLS:C0042149 + VHOG:0001137 + Wikipedia:Uterus + galen:Uterus + uberon + UBERON:0000995 + + + + + + uterus + uterus + Female:anatomy.png + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6a/Female_reproductive_system_lateral_nolabel.png + + + + + The female muscular organ of gestation in which the developing embryo or fetus is nourished until birth. + MGI:csmith + MP:0001120 + + + + + The hollow muscular organ in female mammals in which the blastocyst normally becomes embedded and in which the developing embryo and fetus is nourished. Its cavity opens into the vagina below and into a uterine tube on either side. [TFD][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0001137 + VHOG + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/uterus + + + + + An infundibulum, uterine tube, uterus, and vagina also differentiate along the oviducts of eutherian mammals.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0001137 + VHOG + ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.678 + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + UMLS:C0042149 + ncithesaurus:Uterus + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The outer epithelial layer of the skin that is superficial to the dermis. + A cellular, multilayered epithelium derived from the ectoderm. Zebrafish epidermis consists only of living cells unlike terrestrial vertebrates in which dead, keratinized cells are present. Le Guellec et al, 2004.[TAO] + The outer epithelial layer of the external integument of the body that is derived from the embryonic epiblast.[AAO] + relationship loss: subclass external integument structures (AAO:0000961)[AAO] + (...) outer epithelia in all metazoan animals are homologous. (...) The ancestor of all metazoans likely had an epidermis with a basal extracellular matrix (ECM), an apical extracellular glycocalyx, and one cilium with a striated rootlet per cell.[well established][VHOG] + epidermal + Zebrafish epidermis consists only of living cells unlike terrestrial vertebrates in which dead, keratinized cells are present. In terrestrial vertebrates the epidermis often forms an outer keratinized or cornified layer, the stratum corneum. Interaction between the epideris and dermis gives rise to feathers (birds), hair and mammary glands (mammals), teeth and scales (placoid: chondrichthyans; cosmoids, ganoid, cycloid in bony fishes). + epidermis + skin + AAO:0000143 + BTO:0000404 + CALOHA:TS-0283 + EFO:0000954 + EMAPA:17528 + EV:0100153 + FMA:70596 + GAID:932 + MA:0000153 + MAT:0000154 + MESH:D004817 + MIAA:0000154 + NCIT:C12708 + SCTID:361694003 + TAO:0000105 + UMLS:C0014520 + VHOG:0000077 + Wikipedia:Epidermis_(skin) + XAO:0000028 + ZFA:0000105 + vertebrate epidermis + uberon + UBERON:0001003 + + + + + + skin epidermis + skin epidermis + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:15:22.380631 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:07:27.339045 + + + + + The outer epithelial layer of the skin that is superficial to the dermis. + ISBN:0073040584 + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + A cellular, multilayered epithelium derived from the ectoderm. Zebrafish epidermis consists only of living cells unlike terrestrial vertebrates in which dead, keratinized cells are present. Le Guellec et al, 2004.[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0000105 + TAO + ZFIN:curator + + + + + The outer epithelial layer of the external integument of the body that is derived from the embryonic epiblast.[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0000143 + AAO + AAO:BJB + + + + + relationship loss: subclass external integument structures (AAO:0000961)[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0000143 + AAO + + + + + (...) outer epithelia in all metazoan animals are homologous. (...) The ancestor of all metazoans likely had an epidermis with a basal extracellular matrix (ECM), an apical extracellular glycocalyx, and one cilium with a striated rootlet per cell.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000077 + VHOG + ISBN:978-0198566694 Schmidt-Rhaesa A, The evolution of organ systems (2007) p.71-72 + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + UMLS:C0014520 + ncithesaurus:Epidermis + + + + + + + + Functional system which consists of structures involved in respiration. + + The anatomical system in which the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the organism and its environment.[AAO] + There is no doubt that the primitive pattern of vertebrate air-breathing is the buccal pulse pump found in actinopterygian fishes.[well established][VHOG] + AAO:0000541 + BTO:0000203 + CALOHA:TS-1319 + EFO:0000804 + EHDAA2:0001604 + EHDAA:2203 + EMAPA:16727 + EV:0100036 + FMA:7158 + GAID:78 + MA:0000327 + MAT:0000030 + MESH:D012137 + MIAA:0000030 + NCIT:C12779 + OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjzFJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA + SCTID:278197002 + TAO:0000272 + UMLS:C0035237 + VHOG:0000202 + Wikipedia:Respiratory_system + XAO:0000117 + ZFA:0000272 + apparatus respiratorius + respiratory system + uberon + Atmungssystem + apparatus respiratorius + systema respiratorium + UBERON:0001004 + + + + + + + respiratory system + Respiratory System + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5e/Respiratory_system_complete_en.svg + + + + + Functional system which consists of structures involved in respiration. + Wikipedia:Respiratory_system + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + + Wikipedia:Acoelomorpha + + + + + The anatomical system in which the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the organism and its environment.[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0000541 + AAO + AAO:BJB + + + + + There is no doubt that the primitive pattern of vertebrate air-breathing is the buccal pulse pump found in actinopterygian fishes.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000202 + VHOG + ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.599 and Figure 18-23 + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + UMLS:C0035237 + ncithesaurus:Respiratory_System + + + + + Atmungssystem + BTO:0000203 + + + + + apparatus respiratorius + BTO:0000203 + + + + + systema respiratorium + Wikipedia:Respiratory_system + + + + + + + + + Portion of connective tissue composed of adipocytes enmeshed in areolar tissue. + Connective tissue in which fat is stored.[TAO] + Tissue that contains adipocytes, used for cushioning, thermal insulation, lubrication (primarily in the pericardium) and energy storage.[AAO] + relationship loss: subclass connective tissue proper (AAO:0000099)[AAO] + Adipose tissue is unique to vertebrates. It is found in mostmammals, birds, reptiles and amphibians, and a variety is found in some species of fish. Furthermore, in insects the fat body found in larvae as well as in adults shares some homology with adipose tissue.[well established][VHOG] + adipose + In humans, adipose tissue is located beneath the skin (subcutaneous fat), around internal organs (visceral fat), in bone marrow (yellow bone marrow) and in breast tissue. Adipose tissue is found in specific locations, which are referred to as adipose depots. Adipose tissue contains several cell types, with the highest percentage of cells being adipocytes, which contain fat droplets. Other cell types include fibroblasts, macrophages, and endothelial cells. Adipose tissue contains many small blood vessels.; Mice have eight major adipose depots, four of which are within the abdominal cavity. The paired gonadal depots are attached to the uterus and ovaries in females and the epididymis and testes in males; the paired retroperitoneal depots are found along the dorsal wall of the abdomen, surrounding the kidney, and, when massive, extend into the pelvis. The mesenteric depot forms a glue-like web that supports the intestines, and the omental depot, which originates near the stomach and spleen, and, when massive, extends into the ventral abdomen. + in FMA this is dense irregular connective tissue + AAO:0000001 + AEO:000020 + BTO:0001487 + CALOHA:TS-0013 + EFO:0000790 + EHDAA2:0003120 + EMAPA:35112 + EV:0100381 + FMA:20110 + GAID:920 + MA:0000009 + MAT:0000015 + MESH:D000273 + MIAA:0000015 + NCIT:C12472 + OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjc_ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA + SCTID:55603005 + TAO:0002134 + UMLS:C0001527 + VHOG:0001284 + Wikipedia:Adipose_tissue + XAO:0003049 + ZFA:0005345 + galen:FattyTissue + fat + fat tissue + fatty tissue + uberon + adipose + bodyfat + fatty depot + UBERON:0001013 + + + + + + adipose tissue + adipose tissue + + + + + Portion of connective tissue composed of adipocytes enmeshed in areolar tissue. + MESH:A10.165.114 + MGI:cwg + MP:0000003 + Wikipedia:Adipose_tissue + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + Connective tissue in which fat is stored.[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0002134 + TAO + ZFIN:curator + + + + + Tissue that contains adipocytes, used for cushioning, thermal insulation, lubrication (primarily in the pericardium) and energy storage.[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0000001 + AAO + AAO:LAP + + + + + relationship loss: subclass connective tissue proper (AAO:0000099)[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0000001 + AAO + + + + + Adipose tissue is unique to vertebrates. It is found in mostmammals, birds, reptiles and amphibians, and a variety is found in some species of fish. Furthermore, in insects the fat body found in larvae as well as in adults shares some homology with adipose tissue.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0001284 + VHOG + DOI:10.1017/S0029665107005423 Haugen F, Drevon CA, The interplay between nutrients and the adipose tissue. The Proceedings of the Nutrition Society (2007) + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + in FMA this is dense irregular connective tissue + FMA + + + + + UMLS:C0001527 + ncithesaurus:Adipose_Tissue + + + + + fat + MA:0000009 + + + + + adipose + BTO:0001487 + + + + + bodyfat + BTO:0001487 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An enclosed, cable-like bundle of axons in the peripheral nervous system originating in a nerve root in the central nervous system (or a condensed nervous structure) connecting with peripheral structures. + A portion of tissue which is a fasiculated group of axons.[TAO] + nervous + AAO:0011070 + AEO:0000137 + BAMS:n + BIRNLEX:1615 + BSA:0000098 + BTO:0000925 + BTO:0001027 + CALOHA:TS-0772 + EHDAA2:0003137 + EHDAA:2851 + EHDAA:3776 + EHDAA:4657 + EMAPA:32808 + EMAPA:32815 + EV:0100371 + FBbt:00005105 + FMA:65132 + FMA:65239 + GAID:747 + GAID:758 + MA:0000217 + MA:0000228 + MESH:D010525 + NCIT:C12466 + NCIT:C12768 + NLX:147826 + OpenCyc:Mx4rwP3lkpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA + SCTID:244457007 + SCTID:256864008 + TAO:0007009 + UMLS:C0027740 + UMLS:C0031119 + VHOG:0000901 + Wikipedia:Nervous_system + XAO:0000204 + XAO:0003047 + ZFA:0007009 + galen:Nerve + nerves + peripheral nerve + uberon + neural subtree + UBERON:0001021 + + + + + nerve + nerve + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:13:49.327364 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:13:58.797496 + + + + + An enclosed, cable-like bundle of axons in the peripheral nervous system originating in a nerve root in the central nervous system (or a condensed nervous structure) connecting with peripheral structures. + FBbt:00005105 + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + A portion of tissue which is a fasiculated group of axons.[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0007009 + TAO + ZFIN:curator + + + + + UMLS:C0027740 + ncithesaurus:Nerve + + + + + UMLS:C0031119 + ncithesaurus:Peripheral_Nerve + + + + + nerves + TAO:0007009 + + + + + + peripheral nerve + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + neural subtree + FMA:65132 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The terminal portion of the intestinal tube, terminating with the anus. + The terminal portion of the large intestine between the ileo-pelvic colon and the anus. [Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier][VHOG] + rectal + In the lungfish, sharks and rays the rectum opens into the cloaca which also receives wastes (urine) from the kidneys and material from the reproductive organs. In bony fish the rectum reaches the outside environment through the anus, which is normally situated just in front the urinary and reproductive openings. However in some fish the digestive tract may be curled back on itself, and in the Electric Eel (Electrophorus electricus) the anus is situated in the fish's throat. -- http://www.earthlife.net/fish/digestion.html + AAO:0010401 + BTO:0001158 + CALOHA:TS-1180 + EFO:0000848 + EHDAA2:0001592 + EHDAA:5836 + EMAPA:17896 + EV:0100081 + FMA:14544 + GAID:311 + MA:0000336 + MAT:0000050 + MESH:A03.492.411.495.767 + MIAA:0000050 + NCIT:C12390 + OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjaU5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA + SCTID:181261002 + UMLS:C0034896 + VHOG:0001751 + Wikipedia:Rectum + XAO:0000238 + galen:Rectum + terminal portion of intestine + uberon + intestinum rectum + rectal sac + terminal portion of large intestine + UBERON:0001052 + + + + + rectum + rectum + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/75/Anorectum.gif + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:07:07.585494 + + + + + The terminal portion of the intestinal tube, terminating with the anus. + ISBN:0-683-40008-8 + MP:0000492 + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + The terminal portion of the large intestine between the ileo-pelvic colon and the anus. [Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0001751 + VHOG + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + UMLS:C0034896 + ncithesaurus:Rectum + + + + + intestinum rectum + BTO:0001158 + + + + + + + + + A duct joining the pancreas to the common bile duct to supply pancreatic juices which aid in digestion provided by the exocrine pancreas. The pancreatic duct joins the common bile duct just prior to the ampulla of Vater, after which both ducts perforate the medial side of the second portion of the duodenum at the major duodenal papilla. + in EHDAA2 this is an epithelium, in FMA the wall consists of epithelium and connective tissue + These data show that ducts within the zebrafish pancreas originally arise in situ from isolated progenitor cells rather than arising from reiterative branching of the pancreatic epithelium. This process of pancreatic duct formation in zebrafish may be analogous to the mechanism of duct formation in the mammalian mammary and salivary glands. (...) A related mechanism of duct formation has also been proposed to occur within the mammalian pancreatic epithelium.[uncertain][VHOG] + Upon reaching its final destination, the ventral pancreatic bud fuses with the much larger dorsal pancreatic bud. At this point of fusion, the main ducts of the ventral and dorsal pancreatic buds fuse, forming the duct of Wirsung, the main pancreatic duct. + UBERON:0005627 + pancreatic duct + BTO:0002362 + EHDAA2:0001396 + EHDAA:6905 + EMAPA:17510 + FMA:16003 + GAID:337 + MA:0000126 + MESH:D010183 + NCIT:C12272 + RETIRED_EHDAA2:0002177 + SCTID:245385001 + UMLS:C0030288 + VHOG:0000256 + Wikipedia:Pancreatic_duct + chief pancreatic duct + duct of Wirsung + main pancreatic duct + uberon + canal of Wirsung + ductus pancreatis ventralis + hepaticopancreatic duct + UBERON:0001064 + + + ventral pancreatic duct + Ventral pancreatic duct + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/15/Gray1100.png + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:12:48.561031 + + + + + A duct joining the pancreas to the common bile duct to supply pancreatic juices which aid in digestion provided by the exocrine pancreas. The pancreatic duct joins the common bile duct just prior to the ampulla of Vater, after which both ducts perforate the medial side of the second portion of the duodenum at the major duodenal papilla. + Wikipedia:Pancreatic_duct + + + + + These data show that ducts within the zebrafish pancreas originally arise in situ from isolated progenitor cells rather than arising from reiterative branching of the pancreatic epithelium. This process of pancreatic duct formation in zebrafish may be analogous to the mechanism of duct formation in the mammalian mammary and salivary glands. (...) A related mechanism of duct formation has also been proposed to occur within the mammalian pancreatic epithelium.[uncertain][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000256 + VHOG + DOI:10.1016/j.ydbio.2005.04.035 Yee NS, Lorent K, Pack M, Exocrine pancreas development in zebrafish. Developmental Biology (2005) + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + Upon reaching its final destination, the ventral pancreatic bud fuses with the much larger dorsal pancreatic bud. At this point of fusion, the main ducts of the ventral and dorsal pancreatic buds fuse, forming the duct of Wirsung, the main pancreatic duct. + WP + + + + + pancreatic duct + MESH:A03.734.667 + + + + + UMLS:C0030288 + ncithesaurus:Pancreatic_Duct + + + + + chief pancreatic duct + FMA:16003 + + + + + duct of Wirsung + Wikipedia:Pancreatic_duct + + + + + main pancreatic duct + MA:0000126 + + + + + canal of Wirsung + BTO:0002362 + + + + + hepaticopancreatic duct + BTO:0002362 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The head of pancreas is a portion of the pancreas that is lodged within the curve of the duodenum, and is flattened anteriorly (from before). The other parts of the pancreas are the body and the tail. Its upper border is overlapped by the superior part of the duodenum and its lower overlaps the horizontal part; its right and left borders overlap in front, and insinuate themselves behind, the descending and ascending parts of the duodenum respectively. [WP,unvetted]. + Hagfish and lampreys may have one or more endocrine buds - and later the vertebrate pancreas develop as independent ventral and dorsal buds that eventually fuse to become one organ.[well established][VHOG] + EHDAA2:0001374 + EMAPA:17507 + FMA:10468 + MA:0000122 + NCIT:C12269 + SCTID:362201006 + UMLS:C0227579 + VHOG:0000448 + Wikipedia:Head_of_pancreas + pancreas head + pancreatic head + right extremity of pancreas + uberon + caput pancreatis + UBERON:0001069 + + + head of pancreas + head of pancreas + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fe/Illu_pancreas_duodenum.jpg + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:12:51.607376 + + + + + The head of pancreas is a portion of the pancreas that is lodged within the curve of the duodenum, and is flattened anteriorly (from before). The other parts of the pancreas are the body and the tail. Its upper border is overlapped by the superior part of the duodenum and its lower overlaps the horizontal part; its right and left borders overlap in front, and insinuate themselves behind, the descending and ascending parts of the duodenum respectively. [WP,unvetted]. + Wikipedia:Head_of_pancreas + + + + + Hagfish and lampreys may have one or more endocrine buds - and later the vertebrate pancreas develop as independent ventral and dorsal buds that eventually fuse to become one organ.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000448 + VHOG + DOI:10.1016/j.crvi.2007.03.006 Madsen OD, Pancreas phylogeny and ontogeny in relation to a 'pancreatic stem cell'. Comptes Rendus Biologies (2007) + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + UMLS:C0227579 + ncithesaurus:Head_of_the_Pancreas + + + + + caput pancreatis + Wikipedia:Head_of_pancreas + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A terminal branch of the left or right common carotid artery which supplies oxygenated blood to to the throat, neck glands, tongue, face, mouth, ear, scalp and dura mater of the meninges[MP]. + not homologous to the external carotid of zebrafish (Goodrich, 1958) - http://zfish.nichd.nih.gov/zfatlas/Intro%20Page/comparative.html; check XAO + AAO:0010218 + AAO:0010416 + BTO:0004696 + EFO:0001953 + EHDAA2:0000461 + EMAPA:18611 + FMA:10635 + GAID:480 + MA:0001929 + MESH:D002342 + NCIT:C32551 + OpenCyc:Mx4rwVJkPZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA + SCTID:362044002 + UMLS:C0007275 + VHOG:0000265 + Wikipedia:External_carotid_artery + XAO:0000345 + external carotid + uberon + arteria carotis externa + UBERON:0001070 + + + + + + external carotid artery + https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&aid=3486863&group_id=76834&atid=1127722 + external carotid artery + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/13/External_carotid_a.gif + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:28.519799 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.168214 + + + + + A terminal branch of the left or right common carotid artery which supplies oxygenated blood to to the throat, neck glands, tongue, face, mouth, ear, scalp and dura mater of the meninges[MP]. + MGI:anna + + + + + UMLS:C0007275 + ncithesaurus:External_Carotid_Artery + + + + + external carotid + AAO:0010218 + + + + + arteria carotis externa + Wikipedia:External_carotid_artery + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + It ascends beneath the anterior margin of the trapezius, distributing branches to it, and to the neighboring muscles and lymph glands in the neck, and anastomosing with the superficial branch of the descending branch of the occipital artery. + EMAPA:37117 + FMA:10665 + MA:0002052 + NCIT:C53005 + SCTID:161746006 + UMLS:C0226271 + Wikipedia:Superficial_part_of_transverse_cervical_artery + superficial branch of transverse cervical artery + uberon + UBERON:0001071 + + The transverse cervical artery splits into two branches, a superficial one and a deep one[WP] + + superficial cervical artery + superficial cervical artery + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.166438 + + + + + It ascends beneath the anterior margin of the trapezius, distributing branches to it, and to the neighboring muscles and lymph glands in the neck, and anastomosing with the superficial branch of the descending branch of the occipital artery. + Wikipedia:Superficial_part_of_transverse_cervical_artery + + + + + EMAPA:37117 + MA:th + + + + + UMLS:C0226271 + ncithesaurus:Superficial_Cervical_Artery + + + + + superficial branch of transverse cervical artery + Wikipedia:Superficial_part_of_transverse_cervical_artery + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A vein that carries deoxygenated blood from the lower half of the body into the right atrium of the heart. + Trunk of systemic vein which is formed by the union of the right common iliac vein and the left common iliac vein and terminates in the right atrium[FMA]. + Phylogenetic modifications within this basic pattern of arteries and veins are largely correlated with functional changes. In the transition from water to land, gills gave way to lungs, accompanied by the establishment of a pulmonary circulation. In some fishes and certainly in tetrapods, the cardinal veins become less involved in blood return. Instead, the composite, prominent postcava (posterior vena cava) arose to drain the posterior part of the body and the precava (anterior vena cava) developed to drain the anterior part of the body.[well established][VHOG] + AAO:0011083 + BTO:0002682 + EHDAA2:0000611 + EMAPA:18416 + FMA:10951 + GAID:548 + MA:0000480 + MESH:D014682 + NCIT:C12815 + SCTID:181369003 + UMLS:C0042458 + VHOG:0001194 + Wikipedia:Inferior_vena_cava + XAO:0000388 + galen:InferiorVenaCava + inferior caval vein + inferior vena cava + posterior vena cava + uberon + caudal vena cava + postcava + vena cava inferior + UBERON:0001072 + + + + posterior vena cava + posterior vena cava + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4d/Gray577.png + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.165734 + + + + + A vein that carries deoxygenated blood from the lower half of the body into the right atrium of the heart. + Wikipedia:Inferior_vena_cava + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + Trunk of systemic vein which is formed by the union of the right common iliac vein and the left common iliac vein and terminates in the right atrium[FMA]. + FMA:10951 + + + + + Phylogenetic modifications within this basic pattern of arteries and veins are largely correlated with functional changes. In the transition from water to land, gills gave way to lungs, accompanied by the establishment of a pulmonary circulation. In some fishes and certainly in tetrapods, the cardinal veins become less involved in blood return. Instead, the composite, prominent postcava (posterior vena cava) arose to drain the posterior part of the body and the precava (anterior vena cava) developed to drain the anterior part of the body.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0001194 + VHOG + ISBN:978-0072528305 Kardong KV, Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy, Function, Evolution (2006) p.454-455 + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + UMLS:C0042458 + ncithesaurus:Inferior_Vena_Cava + + + + + inferior caval vein + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + inferior vena cava + Wikipedia:Venae_cavae + + + + + posterior vena cava + Wikipedia:Venae_cavae + + + + + caudal vena cava + VHOG:0001194 + + + + + vena cava inferior + BTO:0002682 + + + + + vena cava inferior + Wikipedia:Inferior_vena_cava + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The external jugular vein receives the greater part of the blood from the exterior of the cranium and the deep parts of the face, being formed by the junction of the posterior division of the posterior facial with the posterior auricular vein. [WP,unvetted]. + Vein which collects blood from the muscles of the head and tongue and the thyroid gland.[AAO] + AAO:0010508 + EHDAA2:0000468 + EHDAA:9887 + EMAPA:17875 + FMA:13110 + MA:0002156 + NCIT:C32562 + OpenCyc:Mx4rvrm0c5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA + SCTID:181373000 + UMLS:C0226543 + Wikipedia:External_jugular_vein + XAO:0000379 + galen:ExternalJugularVein + external jugular venous tree + uberon + external jugular + vena jugularis externa + UBERON:0001101 + + + external jugular vein + external jugular vein + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8c/Gray557.png + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.167787 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:48.278316 + + + + + The external jugular vein receives the greater part of the blood from the exterior of the cranium and the deep parts of the face, being formed by the junction of the posterior division of the posterior facial with the posterior auricular vein. [WP,unvetted]. + Wikipedia:External_jugular_vein + + + + + Vein which collects blood from the muscles of the head and tongue and the thyroid gland.[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0010508 + AAO + AAO:BJB + + + + + UMLS:C0226543 + ncithesaurus:External_Jugular_Vein + + + + + external jugular + EHDAA2:0000468 + + + + + vena jugularis externa + Wikipedia:External_jugular_vein + + + + + + + + + A cartilage that is part of a main bronchus [Automatically generated definition]. + EMAPA:19092 + FMA:13117 + MA:0001846 + bronchus principalis cartilage + cartilage of bronchus principalis + cartilage of primary bronchus + cartilage of principal bronchus + cartilaginous ring of main bronchus + main bronchial cartilage + main bronchus cartilage + primary bronchus cartilage + principal bronchus cartilage + uberon + UBERON:0001102 + + cartilage of main bronchus + cartilage of main bronchus + + + + + A cartilage that is part of a main bronchus [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + bronchus principalis cartilage + OBOL:automatic + + + + + cartilage of bronchus principalis + OBOL:automatic + + + + + cartilage of primary bronchus + OBOL:automatic + + + + + cartilage of principal bronchus + OBOL:automatic + + + + + cartilaginous ring of main bronchus + EMAPA:19092 + + + + + primary bronchus cartilage + OBOL:automatic + + + + + principal bronchus cartilage + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The anterior jugular vein begins near the hyoid bone by the confluence of several superficial veins from the submaxillary region. It descends between the median line and the anterior border of the Sternocleidomastoideus, and, at the lower part of the neck, passes beneath that muscle to open into the termination of the external jugular, or, in some instances, into the subclavian vein. It varies considerably in size, bearing usually an inverse proportion to the external jugular; most frequently there are two anterior jugulars, a right and left; but sometimes only one. Its tributaries are some laryngeal veins, and occasionally a small thyroid vein. Just above the sternum the two anterior jugular veins communicate by a transverse trunk, the venous jugular arch, which receive tributaries from the inferior thyroid veins; each also communicates with the internal jugular. There are no valves in this vein. [WP,unvetted]. + EMAPA:37134 + FMA:13318 + MA:0002155 + NCIT:C32094 + SCTID:65478008 + UMLS:C0226545 + Wikipedia:Anterior_jugular_vein + anterior external jugular vein + uberon + vena jugularis anterior + UBERON:0001104 + + + anterior jugular vein + anterior jugular vein + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f8/Gray558.png + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.167815 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:48.278357 + + + + + The anterior jugular vein begins near the hyoid bone by the confluence of several superficial veins from the submaxillary region. It descends between the median line and the anterior border of the Sternocleidomastoideus, and, at the lower part of the neck, passes beneath that muscle to open into the termination of the external jugular, or, in some instances, into the subclavian vein. It varies considerably in size, bearing usually an inverse proportion to the external jugular; most frequently there are two anterior jugulars, a right and left; but sometimes only one. Its tributaries are some laryngeal veins, and occasionally a small thyroid vein. Just above the sternum the two anterior jugular veins communicate by a transverse trunk, the venous jugular arch, which receive tributaries from the inferior thyroid veins; each also communicates with the internal jugular. There are no valves in this vein. [WP,unvetted]. + Wikipedia:Anterior_jugular_vein + + + + + EMAPA:37134 + MA:th + + + + + UMLS:C0226545 + ncithesaurus:Anterior_Jugular_Vein + + + + + vena jugularis anterior + Wikipedia:Anterior_jugular_vein + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A superficial vein of the upper limb that communicates with the basilic vein via the median cubital vein at the elbow and is located in the superficial fascia along the anterolateral surface of the biceps brachii muscle. Superiorly the cephalic vein passes between the deltoid and pectoralis major muscles and through the deltopectoral triangle, where it empties into the axillary vein. It is often visible through the skin, and its location in the deltopectoral groove is fairly consistent, making this site a good candidate for cannulation. It is often referred to as the 'House-man's Friend' for this reason and is generally a good place for cannulaton when a large bore cannula needs to be sited. [WP,modified]. + EMAPA:25075 + FMA:13324 + MA:0002092 + NCIT:C32286 + OpenCyc:Mx4rwTpbQZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA + SCTID:181391005 + UMLS:C0226802 + Wikipedia:Cephalic_vein + galen:CephalicVein + cephalic vein of forearm + vena cephalica antebrachii + uberon + vena cephalica + UBERON:0001106 + + + cephalic vein + cephalic vein + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/ba/Gray574.png + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.165901 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:48.278395 + + + + + A superficial vein of the upper limb that communicates with the basilic vein via the median cubital vein at the elbow and is located in the superficial fascia along the anterolateral surface of the biceps brachii muscle. Superiorly the cephalic vein passes between the deltoid and pectoralis major muscles and through the deltopectoral triangle, where it empties into the axillary vein. It is often visible through the skin, and its location in the deltopectoral groove is fairly consistent, making this site a good candidate for cannulation. It is often referred to as the 'House-man's Friend' for this reason and is generally a good place for cannulaton when a large bore cannula needs to be sited. [WP,modified]. + Wikipedia:Cephalic_vein + + + + + UMLS:C0226802 + ncithesaurus:Cephalic_Vein + + + + + vena cephalica antebrachii + FMA:13324 + FMA:TA + + + + + + vena cephalica + Wikipedia:Cephalic_vein + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + In anatomy, the superior mesenteric vein (SMV) is a blood vessel that drains blood from the small intestine. At its termination behind the neck of the pancreas, the SMV combines with the splenic vein to form the hepatic portal vein. The SMV lies to the right of the similarly named artery, the superior mesenteric artery, which originates from the abdominal aorta. [WP,unvetted]. + BTO:0002783 + EHDAA2:0001951 + EHDAA:5414 + EMAPA:18643 + FMA:14332 + MA:0002179 + NCIT:C33687 + OpenCyc:Mx4rwFjmM5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA + SCTID:278031001 + UMLS:C0226742 + VHOG:0000552 + Wikipedia:Superior_mesenteric_vein + uberon + upper mesenteric vein + vena mesenterica superior + UBERON:0001138 + + + superior mesenteric vein + superior mesenteric vein + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/33/Gray591.png + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.166809 + + + + + In anatomy, the superior mesenteric vein (SMV) is a blood vessel that drains blood from the small intestine. At its termination behind the neck of the pancreas, the SMV combines with the splenic vein to form the hepatic portal vein. The SMV lies to the right of the similarly named artery, the superior mesenteric artery, which originates from the abdominal aorta. [WP,unvetted]. + Wikipedia:Superior_mesenteric_vein + + + + + UMLS:C0226742 + ncithesaurus:Superior_Mesenteric_Vein + + + + + upper mesenteric vein + BTO:0002783 + + + + + vena mesenterica superior + Wikipedia:Superior_mesenteric_vein + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A vein that drains the pelvis and lower limbs into the inferior vena cava. + In human anatomy, the common iliac veins are formed by the external iliac veins and internal iliac veins and together, in the abdomen at the level of the fifth lumbar vertebrae, form the inferior vena cava. They drain blood from the pelvis and lower limbs. Both common iliac veins are accompanied along their course by common iliac arteries. + EMAPA:17874 + FMA:14333 + MA:0002143 + NCIT:C32359 + OpenCyc:Mx4rv92CGZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA + SCTID:181398004 + UMLS:C0226758 + Wikipedia:Common_iliac_vein + galen:CommonIliacVein + common iliac venous tree + uberon + vena iliaca communis + UBERON:0001139 + + + common iliac vein + common iliac vein + Iliac:veins.gif + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:28.519614 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.166371 + + + + + A vein that drains the pelvis and lower limbs into the inferior vena cava. + MURDOCH:403 + Wikipedia:Common_iliac_vein + + + + + In human anatomy, the common iliac veins are formed by the external iliac veins and internal iliac veins and together, in the abdomen at the level of the fifth lumbar vertebrae, form the inferior vena cava. They drain blood from the pelvis and lower limbs. Both common iliac veins are accompanied along their course by common iliac arteries. + Wikipedia:Common_iliac_vein + + + + + UMLS:C0226758 + ncithesaurus:Common_Iliac_Vein + + + + + vena iliaca communis + Wikipedia:Common_iliac_vein + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Either of the pair of major vessels which arise from the renal hilus and return blood from the kidneys, suprarenal gland and the ureter to the inferior vena cava. + The renal veins are veins that drain the kidney. They connect the kidney to the inferior vena cava. It is usually singular to each kidney, except in the condition 'multiple renal veins'. It also divides into 2 divisions upon entering the kidney: the anterior branch which receives blood from the anterior portion of the kidney and, the posterior branch which receives blood from the posterior portion. Often, each renal vein will have a branch that receives blood from the ureter. [WP,unvetted][Wikipedia:Renal_vein]. + in EHDAA2, the renal vein is part of the kidney + BTO:0002681 + EHDAA2:0001602 + EHDAA:8722 + EMAPA:28376 + FMA:14334 + GAID:544 + MA:0002210 + MESH:D012082 + NCIT:C33462 + OpenCyc:Mx4rvdUXKJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA + SCTID:116358006 + UMLS:C0035092 + Wikipedia:Renal_vein + galen:RenalVein + kidney vein + renal venous tree + vein of kidney + uberon + venae renales + UBERON:0001140 + + + + renal vein + renal vein + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/76/Gray1122.png + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.165741 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:48.278485 + + + + + Either of the pair of major vessels which arise from the renal hilus and return blood from the kidneys, suprarenal gland and the ureter to the inferior vena cava. + ISBN:0-683-40008-8 + MGI:csmith + MP:0011323 + + + + + The renal veins are veins that drain the kidney. They connect the kidney to the inferior vena cava. It is usually singular to each kidney, except in the condition 'multiple renal veins'. It also divides into 2 divisions upon entering the kidney: the anterior branch which receives blood from the anterior portion of the kidney and, the posterior branch which receives blood from the posterior portion. Often, each renal vein will have a branch that receives blood from the ureter. [WP,unvetted][Wikipedia:Renal_vein]. + Wikipedia:Renal_vein + + + + + in EHDAA2, the renal vein is part of the kidney + EHDAA2 + + + + + UMLS:C0035092 + ncithesaurus:Renal_Vein + + + + + kidney vein + OBOL:automatic + + + + + vein of kidney + OBOL:automatic + + + + + venae renales + Wikipedia:Renal_vein + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A renal vein that drains the right kidney. + A vein that drains blood from the right kidney into the inferior vena cava[ncithesaurus]. + EMAPA:37381 + FMA:14335 + MA:0002212 + NCIT:C52695 + OpenCyc:Mx8Ngh4rvgHsHZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycB4rvdUXKJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA + SCTID:116357001 + UMLS:C0508000 + uberon + UBERON:0001141 + + + right renal vein + right renal vein + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.167978 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:48.278328 + + + + + A renal vein that drains the right kidney. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + A vein that drains blood from the right kidney into the inferior vena cava[ncithesaurus]. + ncithesaurus:Right_Renal_Vein + + + + + EMAPA:37381 + MA:th + + + + + UMLS:C0508000 + ncithesaurus:Right_Renal_Vein + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A renal vein that drains the left kidney. + A vein that drains blood from the left kidney into the inferior vena cava[ncithesaurus]. + EMAPA:37166 + FMA:14336 + MA:0002211 + NCIT:C52693 + OpenCyc:Mx8Ngh4rvgIFoJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycB4rvdUXKJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA + SCTID:116356005 + UMLS:C0508001 + uberon + UBERON:0001142 + + + left renal vein + left renal vein + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/76/Gray1122.png + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.166025 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:48.278303 + + + + + A renal vein that drains the left kidney. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + A vein that drains blood from the left kidney into the inferior vena cava[ncithesaurus]. + ncithesaurus:Left_Renal_Vein + + + + + EMAPA:37166 + MA:th + + + + + UMLS:C0508001 + ncithesaurus:Left_Renal_Vein + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Vein that carries blood away from the liver[ZFA]. + todo - add developmental relationships for other taxa + AAO:0010216 + EMAPA:19221 + FMA:14337 + GAID:534 + MA:0003015 + MESH:D006503 + NCIT:C32736 + OpenCyc:Mx4rv5GivJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA + SCTID:278191001 + TAO:0000670 + UMLS:C0019155 + Wikipedia:Hepatic_vein + XAO:0000387 + ZFA:0000670 + galen:HepaticVein + liver vein + vein of liver + vena hepatica + uberon + hepatic veins + venae hepaticae + UBERON:0001143 + + + + + hepatic vein + hepatic vein + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/61/Gray1121.png + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.168341 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:48.278296 + + + + + Vein that carries blood away from the liver[ZFA]. + Wikipedia:Hepatic_vein + ZFA:0000670 + https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&aid=3565355&group_id=76834&atid=1205376 + + + + + UMLS:C0019155 + ncithesaurus:Hepatic_Vein + + + + + liver vein + OBOL:automatic + + + + + vein of liver + OBOL:automatic + + + + + vena hepatica + + + + + + hepatic veins + + + + + + venae hepaticae + Wikipedia:Hepatic_vein + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A nerve of the arm that originates from the brachial plexus and is formed from parts of the medial and lateral cords of the brachial plexus, and continues down the arm to enter the forearm with the brachial artery. It originates from the brachial plexus with roots from C5, C6, C7, C8 &amp; T1. + EHDAA2:0001086 + EHDAA:5648 + EMAPA:17277 + FMA:14385 + GAID:843 + MA:0001168 + MESH:D008475 + NCIT:C52815 + OpenCyc:Mx4rwF4HF5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA + SCTID:181010001 + UMLS:C0025058 + Wikipedia:Median_nerve + uberon + nervus medianus + UBERON:0001148 + + The median nerve is the only nerve that passes through the carpal tunnel, where it may be compressed to cause carpal tunnel syndrome. [WP] + + median nerve + median nerve + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a7/Nerves_of_the_left_upper_extremity.gif + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:13:49.327396 + + + + + A nerve of the arm that originates from the brachial plexus and is formed from parts of the medial and lateral cords of the brachial plexus, and continues down the arm to enter the forearm with the brachial artery. It originates from the brachial plexus with roots from C5, C6, C7, C8 &amp; T1. + Wikipedia:Median_nerve + + + + + UMLS:C0025058 + ncithesaurus:Median_Nerve + + + + + nervus medianus + Wikipedia:Median_nerve + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The body of the pancreas is a subsection of the pancreas organ in the human body. It is somewhat prismatic in shape, and has three surfaces: anterior, posterior, and inferior. It is at the same level as the transpyloric plane. [WP,unvetted]. + Hagfish and lampreys may have one or more endocrine buds - and later the vertebrate pancreas develop as independent ventral and dorsal buds that eventually fuse to become one organ.[well established][VHOG] + EHDAA2:0001368 + EHDAA:9178 + EMAPA:17504 + FMA:14518 + MA:0000121 + NCIT:C12270 + SCTID:362202004 + UMLS:C0227582 + VHOG:0000451 + Wikipedia:Body_of_pancreas + pancreas body + pancreatic body + uberon + corpus pancreatis + pancreas corpus + UBERON:0001150 + + + body of pancreas + body of pancreas + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fe/Illu_pancreas_duodenum.jpg + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:12:51.607357 + + + + + The body of the pancreas is a subsection of the pancreas organ in the human body. It is somewhat prismatic in shape, and has three surfaces: anterior, posterior, and inferior. It is at the same level as the transpyloric plane. [WP,unvetted]. + Wikipedia:Body_of_pancreas + + + + + Hagfish and lampreys may have one or more endocrine buds - and later the vertebrate pancreas develop as independent ventral and dorsal buds that eventually fuse to become one organ.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000451 + VHOG + DOI:10.1016/j.crvi.2007.03.006 Madsen OD, Pancreas phylogeny and ontogeny in relation to a 'pancreatic stem cell'. Comptes Rendus Biologies (2007) + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + UMLS:C0227582 + ncithesaurus:Body_of_the_Pancreas + + + + + corpus pancreatis + Wikipedia:Body_of_pancreas + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The tail of the pancreas, located anatomically left near the hilum of the spleen, is not simply an anatomical distinction. The tail is the only part of the pancreas which contains Pancreatic Polypeptide (PP) cells, which are responsible for secreting pancreatic polypeptide to coordinate exocrine and islet enzyme release. PP cells are found in the tail's periphery. Beta cells and delta cells are found in the central part of the tail as with the rest of the pancreas. The cells described above are located exclusively in the islet cells; their secretions reach exocrine portions of the pancreas via the capillary network surrounding the islet cell populations. [WP,unvetted]. + Hagfish and lampreys may have one or more endocrine buds - and later the vertebrate pancreas develop as independent ventral and dorsal buds that eventually fuse to become one organ.[well established][VHOG] + EHDAA2:0001390 + EMAPA:17511 + FMA:14519 + MA:0000123 + NCIT:C12271 + SCTID:245382003 + UMLS:C0227590 + VHOG:0000452 + Wikipedia:Tail_of_pancreas + left extremity of pancreas + pancreas tail + pancreatic tail + uberon + cauda pancreatis + UBERON:0001151 + + + tail of pancreas + tail of pancreas + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fe/Illu_pancreas_duodenum.jpg + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:12:51.607374 + + + + + The tail of the pancreas, located anatomically left near the hilum of the spleen, is not simply an anatomical distinction. The tail is the only part of the pancreas which contains Pancreatic Polypeptide (PP) cells, which are responsible for secreting pancreatic polypeptide to coordinate exocrine and islet enzyme release. PP cells are found in the tail's periphery. Beta cells and delta cells are found in the central part of the tail as with the rest of the pancreas. The cells described above are located exclusively in the islet cells; their secretions reach exocrine portions of the pancreas via the capillary network surrounding the islet cell populations. [WP,unvetted]. + Wikipedia:Tail_of_pancreas + + + + + Hagfish and lampreys may have one or more endocrine buds - and later the vertebrate pancreas develop as independent ventral and dorsal buds that eventually fuse to become one organ.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000452 + VHOG + DOI:10.1016/j.crvi.2007.03.006 Madsen OD, Pancreas phylogeny and ontogeny in relation to a 'pancreatic stem cell'. Comptes Rendus Biologies (2007) + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + UMLS:C0227590 + ncithesaurus:Tail_of_the_Pancreas + + + + + left extremity of pancreas + FMA:14519 + + + + + pancreatic tail + FMA:14519 + + + + + cauda pancreatis + Wikipedia:Tail_of_pancreas + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A pouch in the digestive tract that connects the ileum with the ascending colon of the large intestine. It is separated from the ileum by the ileocecal valve, and is the beginning of the large intestine. It is also separated from the colon by the cecocolic junction. + + caecal + A cecum is present in most amniote species, and also in lungfish, but not in any living species of amphibian. In reptiles, it is usually a single median structure, arising from the dorsal side of the large intestine. Birds typically have two paired ceca, as, unlike other mammals, do hyraxes. Most mammalian herbivores have a relatively large cecum, hosting a large number of bacteria, which aid in the enzymatic breakdown of plant materials such as cellulose; in many species, it is considerably wider than the colon. In contrast, obligatory carnivores, whose diets contain little or no plant material, have a reduced cecum, which is often partially or wholly replaced by the vermiform appendix. Many fish have a number of small outpocketings, called pyloric ceca, along their intestine; despite the name they are not homologous with the cecum of amniotes, and their purpose is to increase the overall area of the digestive epithelium.[2] Some invertebrates, such as squid,[3] may also have structures with the same name, but these have no relationship with those of vertebrates. + BTO:0000166 + CALOHA:TS-0122 + EFO:0000850 + EHDAA2:0000206 + EHDAA:3913 + EMAPA:35197 + EV:0100397 + FMA:14541 + GAID:307 + MA:0000334 + MESH:A03.492.411.495.209 + MIAA:0000288 + NCIT:C12381 + OpenCyc:Mx4rve6u4JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA + SCTID:181256004 + UMLS:C0007531 + VHOG:0001559 + Wikipedia:Cecum + galen:Cecum + caecum + cecum + intestinum crassum caecum + caeca + ceca + uberon + blind intestine + blindgut + intestinum caecum + intestinum crassum cecum + UBERON:0001153 + + + + Taxon notes: in some herbivorous lizards, a cecum is present between small and large intestines[Kardong] + + caecum + cecum + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/82/Stomach_colon_rectum_diagram.svg + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:07:07.585382 + + + + + A pouch in the digestive tract that connects the ileum with the ascending colon of the large intestine. It is separated from the ileum by the ileocecal valve, and is the beginning of the large intestine. It is also separated from the colon by the cecocolic junction. + Wikipedia:Cecum + + + + + + Wikipedia + + + + + A cecum is present in most amniote species, and also in lungfish, but not in any living species of amphibian. In reptiles, it is usually a single median structure, arising from the dorsal side of the large intestine. Birds typically have two paired ceca, as, unlike other mammals, do hyraxes. Most mammalian herbivores have a relatively large cecum, hosting a large number of bacteria, which aid in the enzymatic breakdown of plant materials such as cellulose; in many species, it is considerably wider than the colon. In contrast, obligatory carnivores, whose diets contain little or no plant material, have a reduced cecum, which is often partially or wholly replaced by the vermiform appendix. Many fish have a number of small outpocketings, called pyloric ceca, along their intestine; despite the name they are not homologous with the cecum of amniotes, and their purpose is to increase the overall area of the digestive epithelium.[2] Some invertebrates, such as squid,[3] may also have structures with the same name, but these have no relationship with those of vertebrates. + WP + + + + + UMLS:C0007531 + ncithesaurus:Cecum + + + + + caecum + VHOG:0001559 + + + + + cecum + FMA:14541 + + + + + caeca + NCBITaxon:8782 + + + + + + ceca + NCBITaxon:8782 + + + + + + blind intestine + BTO:0000166 + + + + + blindgut + BTO:0000166 + + + + + intestinum caecum + BTO:0000166 + + + + + intestinum crassum cecum + BTO:0000166 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A blind-ended tube connected to the cecum, from which it develops embryologically[WP]. + Mammalia + Organ with organ cavity which is continuous proximally with the cecum and distally terminates in the tip of the appendix. Examples: There is only one appendix[FMA:14542]. + A comparative anatomical approach reveals three apparent morphotypes of the cecal appendix, as well as appendix-like structures in some species that lack a true cecal appendix. Cladistic analyses indicate that the appendix has evolved independently at least twice (at least once in diprotodont marsupials and at least once in Euarchontoglires), shows a highly significant (P < 0.0001) phylogenetic signal in its distribution, and has been maintained in mammalian evolution for 80 million years or longer.[well established][VHOG] + appendiceal + vermix + BTO:0000084 + CALOHA:TS-1267 + EFO:0000849 + EHDAA2:0000588 + EMAPA:35140 + EV:0100076 + EV:0100080 + FMA:14542 + GAID:308 + MA:0001540 + MAT:0000287 + MESH:A03.492.411.495.209.290 + MIAA:0000287 + NCIT:C12380 + OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjGgJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA + SCTID:181255000 + UMLS:C0003617 + VHOG:0001306 + Wikipedia:Vermiform_appendix + galen:AppendixVermiformis + appendix + appendix vermiformis + caecal appendix + cecal appendix + uberon + apex of caecum + apex of cecum + appendix vermiformis + UBERON:0001154 + + + + + vermiform appendix + vermiform appendix + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ad/Gray536.png + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:07:07.585430 + + + + + A blind-ended tube connected to the cecum, from which it develops embryologically[WP]. + Wikipedia:Vermiform_appendix + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6826-8770 + + + + + Organ with organ cavity which is continuous proximally with the cecum and distally terminates in the tip of the appendix. Examples: There is only one appendix[FMA:14542]. + FMA:14542 + + + + + A comparative anatomical approach reveals three apparent morphotypes of the cecal appendix, as well as appendix-like structures in some species that lack a true cecal appendix. Cladistic analyses indicate that the appendix has evolved independently at least twice (at least once in diprotodont marsupials and at least once in Euarchontoglires), shows a highly significant (P < 0.0001) phylogenetic signal in its distribution, and has been maintained in mammalian evolution for 80 million years or longer.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0001306 + VHOG + DOI:10.1111/j.1420-9101.2009.01809.x Smith HF, Fisher RE, Everett ML, Thomas AD, Randal Bollinger R, Parker W, Comparative anatomy and phylogenetic distribution of the mammalian cecal appendix. Journal of Evolutionary Biology (2009) + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + UMLS:C0003617 + ncithesaurus:Vermiform_Appendix + + + + + appendix vermiformis + FMA:14542 + FMA:TA + + + + + + apex of caecum + EMAPA:35140 + + + + + apex of cecum + VHOG:0001306 + + + + + appendix vermiformis + Wikipedia:Vermiform_appendix + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Section of colon which is distal to the cecum and proximal to the transversecolon.[FMA,modified]. + in MA, this is a subclass of colon + BTO:0000270 + CALOHA:TS-0057 + EFO:0000843 + EMAPA:35151 + FMA:14545 + MA:0001541 + MAT:0000311 + MIAA:0000311 + NCIT:C12265 + OpenCyc:Mx4rv3H0FZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA + SCTID:362162009 + UMLS:C0227375 + Wikipedia:Ascending_colon + galen:AscendingColon + colon ascendens + uberon + spiral colon + UBERON:0001156 + + + + ascending colon + ascending colon + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3b/Dickdarm-Schema.svg + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:07:07.585438 + + + + + Section of colon which is distal to the cecum and proximal to the transversecolon.[FMA,modified]. + FMA:14545 + Wikipedia:Ascending_colon + + + + + in MA, this is a subclass of colon + MA + + + + + UMLS:C0227375 + ncithesaurus:Ascending_Colon + + + + + colon ascendens + Wikipedia:Ascending_colon + + + + + + spiral colon + Wikipedia:Spiral_colon + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The proximal-distal subdivision of colon that runs transversely across the upper part of the abdomen, from the right to the left colic flexure. Continuous with the descending colon[BTO,modified]. + BTO:0000272 + CALOHA:TS-2052 + EFO:0000844 + EMAPA:35880 + FMA:14546 + MA:0001543 + MAT:0000312 + MIAA:0000312 + NCIT:C12385 + OpenCyc:Mx4rvg7qyJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA + SCTID:362163004 + UMLS:C0227386 + Wikipedia:Transverse_colon + galen:TransverseColon + colon transversum + uberon + UBERON:0001157 + + + + transverse colon + transverse colon + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3b/Dickdarm-Schema.svg + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:07:07.585546 + + + + + The proximal-distal subdivision of colon that runs transversely across the upper part of the abdomen, from the right to the left colic flexure. Continuous with the descending colon[BTO,modified]. + BTO:0000272 + Wikipedia:Transverse_colon + + + + + UMLS:C0227386 + ncithesaurus:Transverse_Colon + + + + + colon transversum + Wikipedia:Transverse_colon + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The portion of the colon between the left colic flexure and the sigmoid colon at the pelvic brim; the portion of the descending colon lying in the left iliac fossa is sometimes called the iliac colon. + BTO:0000641 + CALOHA:TS-2010 + EFO:0000845 + EMAPA:35285 + FMA:14547 + MA:0001542 + MAT:0000313 + MIAA:0000313 + NCIT:C12268 + OpenCyc:Mx4rwHsNhpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA + SCTID:362165006 + UMLS:C0227389 + Wikipedia:Descending_colon + galen:DescendingColon + colon descendens + uberon + UBERON:0001158 + + + + descending colon + descending colon + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ca/Gray1223.png + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:07:07.585471 + + + + + The portion of the colon between the left colic flexure and the sigmoid colon at the pelvic brim; the portion of the descending colon lying in the left iliac fossa is sometimes called the iliac colon. + BTO:0000641 + + + + + UMLS:C0227389 + ncithesaurus:Descending_Colon + + + + + colon descendens + Wikipedia:Descending_colon + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The part of the large intestine that is closest to the rectum and anus. It forms a loop that averages about 40 cm. in length, and normally lies within the pelvis, but on account of its freedom of movement it is liable to be displaced into the abdominal cavity. + BTO:0000645 + CALOHA:TS-2044 + EFO:0000846 + EMAPA:36391 + FMA:14548 + MAT:0000314 + MESH:A03.492.411.495.356.668 + MIAA:0000314 + NCIT:C12384 + NCIT:C33550 + OpenCyc:Mx4rwHX_-5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA + SCTID:362166007 + UMLS:C0227391 + UMLS:C0682612 + Wikipedia:Sigmoid_colon + galen:SigmoidColon + uberon + colon sigmoideum + pelvic colon + sigmoid colon + sigmoid flexure + UBERON:0001159 + + + + sigmoid colon + sigmoid colon + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3b/Dickdarm-Schema.svg + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:07:07.585589 + + + + + The part of the large intestine that is closest to the rectum and anus. It forms a loop that averages about 40 cm. in length, and normally lies within the pelvis, but on account of its freedom of movement it is liable to be displaced into the abdominal cavity. + Wikipedia:Sigmoid_colon + + + + + UMLS:C0227391 + ncithesaurus:Sigmoid_Colon + + + + + UMLS:C0682612 + ncithesaurus:Sigmoid_Flexure + + + + + colon sigmoideum + Wikipedia:Sigmoid_colon + + + + + + + + + The part of the biliary tree formed by the union of the cystic duct and the common hepatic duct. + Digestive system duct that collects bile from the hepatic bile duct and the cystic duct.[TAO] + The duct formed by the union of the common hepatic and cystic ducts. [Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier, adapted_from_Dorian_AF][VHOG] + EHDAA2:0000303 + EHDAA:3981 + EMAPA:17201 + FMA:14667 + GAID:282 + MA:0001631 + MESH:D003135 + NCIT:C12698 + SCTID:362199009 + TAO:0005165 + UMLS:C0009437 + VHOG:0000214 + Wikipedia:Common_bile_duct + ZFA:0005165 + galen:CommonBileDuct + ductus choledochus (biliaris) + uberon + ductus choledochus + UBERON:0001174 + + + + + common bile duct + common bile duct + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5d/Digestive_system_showing_bile_duct.png + + + + + The part of the biliary tree formed by the union of the cystic duct and the common hepatic duct. + MGI:csmith + MP:0009495 + + + + + Digestive system duct that collects bile from the hepatic bile duct and the cystic duct.[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0005165 + TAO + ZFIN:Curator + + + + + The duct formed by the union of the common hepatic and cystic ducts. [Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier, adapted_from_Dorian_AF][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000214 + VHOG + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + UMLS:C0009437 + ncithesaurus:Common_Bile_Duct + + + + + ductus choledochus + Wikipedia:Common_bile_duct + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Mesenteric artery that supplies the whole length of the small intestine except the superior part of the duodenum. It also supplies the cecum and the ascending part of the colon and about half the transverse part of the colon. It arises from the anterior surface of the aorta below the celiac artery at the level of the first lumbar vertebra. + Origin: abdominal aorta; branches, inferior pancreaticoduodenal, jejunal, ileal, ileocolic, right colic, and middle colic arteries; distribution: small intestine, proximal half of colon + BTO:0002303 + EHDAA2:0001949 + EHDAA:3358 + EHDAA:5313 + EMAPA:18619 + FMA:14749 + GAID:502 + MA:0002005 + MESH:D017538 + NCIT:C33685 + OpenCyc:Mx4rwE5KipwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA + SCTID:362048004 + UMLS:C0162861 + VHOG:0000754 + Wikipedia:Superior_mesenteric_artery + galen:SuperiorMesentericArtery + superior mesenteric arterial tree + uberon + arteria mesenterica superior + UBERON:0001182 + + + + superior mesenteric artery + superior mesenteric artery + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/68/Gray1099.png + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c0/Superior_mesenteric_a.gif + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:28.519243 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.166048 + + + + + Mesenteric artery that supplies the whole length of the small intestine except the superior part of the duodenum. It also supplies the cecum and the ascending part of the colon and about half the transverse part of the colon. It arises from the anterior surface of the aorta below the celiac artery at the level of the first lumbar vertebra. + MESH:A07.231.114.565.755 + + + + + Origin: abdominal aorta; branches, inferior pancreaticoduodenal, jejunal, ileal, ileocolic, right colic, and middle colic arteries; distribution: small intestine, proximal half of colon + BTO + + + + + UMLS:C0162861 + ncithesaurus:Superior_Mesenteric_Artery + + + + + arteria mesenterica superior + BTO:0002303 + + + + + arteria mesenterica superior + Wikipedia:Superior_mesenteric_artery + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Mesenteric artery that supplies the large intestine from the left colic (or splenic) flexure to the upper part of the rectum, which includes the descending colon, the sigmoid colon, and part of the rectum. Proximally, its territory of distribution overlaps (forms a watershed) with the middle colic artery, and therefore the superior mesenteric artery. The SMA and IMA anastomose via the marginal artery (artery of Drummond). The territory of distribution of the IMA is more or less equivalent to the embryonic hindgut. [WP,unvetted]. + IMA + BTO:0002302 + EHDAA2:0000817 + EHDAA:4345 + EMAPA:18618 + FMA:14750 + GAID:501 + MA:0002004 + MESH:D017537 + NCIT:C32780 + OpenCyc:Mx4rv-t-S5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA + SCTID:181341006 + UMLS:C0162860 + VHOG:0001116 + Wikipedia:Inferior_mesenteric_artery + galen:InferiorMesentericArtery + inferior mesenteric arterial tree + uberon + arteria mesenterica inferior + UBERON:0001183 + + + + inferior mesenteric artery + inferior mesenteric artery + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e4/Gray538.png + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:28.519293 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.167810 + + + + + Mesenteric artery that supplies the large intestine from the left colic (or splenic) flexure to the upper part of the rectum, which includes the descending colon, the sigmoid colon, and part of the rectum. Proximally, its territory of distribution overlaps (forms a watershed) with the middle colic artery, and therefore the superior mesenteric artery. The SMA and IMA anastomose via the marginal artery (artery of Drummond). The territory of distribution of the IMA is more or less equivalent to the embryonic hindgut. [WP,unvetted]. + Wikipedia:Inferior_mesenteric_artery + + + + + IMA + + + + + + UMLS:C0162860 + ncithesaurus:Inferior_Mesenteric_Artery + + + + + arteria mesenterica inferior + BTO:0002302 + + + + + arteria mesenterica inferior + Wikipedia:Inferior_mesenteric_artery + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + One of two laterally paired arteries that supplies the kidneys. These are large arteries that branch from the dorsal aorta in primitive vertebrates. + renal arteries vary widely even in humans. Sub-structures should be checked for taxon variability. + Artery which supplies blood via branches to the gonads, oviducts, and kidneys.[AAO] + The renal arteries normally arise off the side of the abdominal aorta, immediately below the superior mesenteric artery, and supply the kidneys with blood. Each is directed across the crus of the diaphragm, so as to form nearly a right angle with the aorta. The renal arteries carry a large portion of total blood flow to the kidneys. Up to a third of total cardiac output can pass through the renal arteries to be filtered by the kidneys. The arterial supply of the kidneys is variable and there may be one or more renal arteries supplying each kidney. It is located above the renal vein. It has a radius of approximately 0.25cm, 0.26 cm at the root. The measured mean diameter can differ depending on the imaging method used. For example, the diameter was found to be 5.04 ± 0.74 mm using ultrasound, but 5.68 ± 1.19 mm using angiography. [WP,unvetted].[Wikipedia] + AAO:0010223 + BTO:0001165 + EFO:0002552 + EHDAA2:0004100 + EHDAA:5321 + EHDAA:8594 + EMAPA:28373 + FMA:14751 + GAID:507 + MA:0002035 + MESH:D012077 + NCIT:C12778 + OpenCyc:Mx4rveOFHpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA + RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001600 + SCTID:181339005 + TAO:0000420 + UMLS:C0035065 + Wikipedia:Renal_artery + ZFA:0000420 + galen:RenalArtery + renal arterial tree + uberon + arteria renalis + renal arteries + UBERON:0001184 + + + + + + renal artery + renal artery + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/da/Gray1120.png + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:28.519572 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.166002 + + + + + One of two laterally paired arteries that supplies the kidneys. These are large arteries that branch from the dorsal aorta in primitive vertebrates. + ISBN:0073040584 + Wikipedia:Renal_artery + + + + + Artery which supplies blood via branches to the gonads, oviducts, and kidneys.[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0010223 + AAO + AAO:BJB + + + + + The renal arteries normally arise off the side of the abdominal aorta, immediately below the superior mesenteric artery, and supply the kidneys with blood. Each is directed across the crus of the diaphragm, so as to form nearly a right angle with the aorta. The renal arteries carry a large portion of total blood flow to the kidneys. Up to a third of total cardiac output can pass through the renal arteries to be filtered by the kidneys. The arterial supply of the kidneys is variable and there may be one or more renal arteries supplying each kidney. It is located above the renal vein. It has a radius of approximately 0.25cm, 0.26 cm at the root. The measured mean diameter can differ depending on the imaging method used. For example, the diameter was found to be 5.04 ± 0.74 mm using ultrasound, but 5.68 ± 1.19 mm using angiography. [WP,unvetted].[Wikipedia] + Wikipedia + Wikipedia:Renal_artery + + + + + UMLS:C0035065 + ncithesaurus:Renal_Artery + + + + + arteria renalis + Wikipedia:Renal_artery + + + + + + renal arteries + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Renal artery that supplies the right kidney. + EMAPA:37380 + FMA:14752 + MA:0002037 + NCIT:C52740 + OpenCyc:Mx4rtW8I0KgEEdudWQACs5b6Bw + OpenCyc:Mx8Ngh4rvgHsHZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycB4rveOFHpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA + SCTID:36800007 + UMLS:C0226332 + right renal arterial tree + uberon + UBERON:0001185 + + + The right [renal artery] passes behind the inferior vena cava, the right renal vein, the head of the pancreas, and the descending part of the duodenum[WP] + + right renal artery + right renal artery + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/da/Gray1120.png + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:28.519306 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.165774 + + + + + Renal artery that supplies the right kidney. + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + EMAPA:37380 + MA:th + + + + + UMLS:C0226332 + ncithesaurus:Right_Renal_Artery + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Renal artery that supplies the left kidney. + EMAPA:37098 + FMA:14753 + MA:0002036 + NCIT:C52741 + OpenCyc:Mx4rtW8I0agEEdudWQACs5b6Bw + OpenCyc:Mx8Ngh4rvgIFoJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycB4rveOFHpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA + SCTID:19215005 + UMLS:C0226333 + left renal arterial tree + uberon + UBERON:0001186 + + The left [renal artery] is somewhat higher than the right; it lies behind the left renal vein, the body of the pancreas and the splenic vein, and is crossed by the inferior mesenteric vein[WP] + + left renal artery + left renal artery + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:28.519551 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.167414 + + + + + Renal artery that supplies the left kidney. + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + EMAPA:37098 + MA:th + + + + + UMLS:C0226333 + ncithesaurus:Left_Renal_Artery + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + One of a pair of arteries that is a branch of the abdominal aorta that supplies blood to a male gonad. + EMAPA:18621 + FMA:14758 + MA:0002063 + SCTID:244281003 + Wikipedia:Testicular_artery + testicular arterial tree + uberon + arteria testicularis + internal spermatic + internal spermatic arteries + internal spermatic artery + internal spermatic vessels + spermatic arteries + spermatic artery + spermatic vessels + testicular arteries + UBERON:0001187 + + + testicular artery + testicular artery + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/af/Gray531.png + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:28.519321 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.166946 + + + + + One of a pair of arteries that is a branch of the abdominal aorta that supplies blood to a male gonad. + Wikipedia:Testicular_artery + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + arteria testicularis + Wikipedia:Testicular_artery + + + + + + internal spermatic + Wikipedia:Testicular_artery + + + + + internal spermatic arteries + Wikipedia:Testicular_artery + + + + + internal spermatic artery + Wikipedia:Testicular_artery + + + + + internal spermatic vessels + Wikipedia:Testicular_artery + + + + + spermatic arteries + Wikipedia:Testicular_artery + + + + + spermatic artery + Wikipedia:Testicular_artery + + + + + spermatic vessels + Wikipedia:Testicular_artery + + + + + testicular arteries + Wikipedia:Testicular_artery + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A testicular artery that supplies a right testicle. + EMAPA:37382 + FMA:14759 + MA:0002042 + NCIT:C52738 + UMLS:C0734076 + right spermatic artery + trunk of right testicular arterial tree + uberon + UBERON:0001188 + + right testicular artery + right testicular artery + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:28.519229 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.167712 + + + + + A testicular artery that supplies a right testicle. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + EMAPA:37382 + MA:th + + + + + UMLS:C0734076 + ncithesaurus:Right_Spermatic_Artery + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A testicular artery that supplies a left testicle. + EMAPA:37099 + FMA:14760 + MA:0002041 + NCIT:C52739 + UMLS:C0734077 + left spermatic artery + trunk of left testicular arterial tree + uberon + UBERON:0001189 + + left testicular artery + left testicular artery + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:28.519444 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.168168 + + + + + A testicular artery that supplies a left testicle. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + EMAPA:37099 + MA:th + + + + + UMLS:C0734077 + ncithesaurus:Left_Spermatic_Artery + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An artery that supplies an ovary. + In human anatomy, the ovarian artery is a blood vessel that supplies oxygenated blood to the ovary. It arises from the abdominal aorta below the renal artery, and does not pass out of the abdomiproperty_value external_definitioncavity. It can be found in the suspensory ligament of the ovary. [WP]. + EMAPA:18620 + FMA:14761 + MA:0002012 + NCIT:C33242 + OpenCyc:Mx4rwOa9PZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA + SCTID:244280002 + UMLS:C0226411 + Wikipedia:Ovarian_artery + ovarian arterial tree + uberon + arteria ovarica + UBERON:0001190 + + + ovarian artery + ovarian artery + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ae/Gray1170.png + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.167473 + + + + + An artery that supplies an ovary. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + In human anatomy, the ovarian artery is a blood vessel that supplies oxygenated blood to the ovary. It arises from the abdominal aorta below the renal artery, and does not pass out of the abdomiproperty_value external_definitioncavity. It can be found in the suspensory ligament of the ovary. [WP]. + Wikipedia:Ovarian_artery + + + + + UMLS:C0226411 + ncithesaurus:Ovarian_Artery + + + + + arteria ovarica + Wikipedia:Ovarian_artery + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The common iliac arteries are two large arteries, about 4cm long in adults but more than a centimetre in diameter, that originate from the aortic bifurcation. The arteries run inferolaterally, along the medial border of the psoas muscles to the pelvic brim, where they bifurcate into the external iliac artery and internal iliac artery. The common iliac artery, and all of its branches, exist as paired structures (that is to say, there is one on the left side and one on the right). The distribution of the common iliac artery is basically the pelvis and lower limb on the corresponding side. Both common iliac arteries are accompanied along their course by common iliac veins. [WP,unvetted]. + EHDAA2:0000311 + EHDAA:2553 + EMAPA:17310 + FMA:14764 + MA:0001972 + NCIT:C32357 + OpenCyc:Mx4rvkZ7ZpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA + SCTID:362050007 + UMLS:C1261084 + Wikipedia:Common_iliac_artery + common iliac arterial tree + uberon + arteria iliaca communis + UBERON:0001191 + + See notes for parent class + + common iliac artery + common iliac artery + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6e/Iliac_artery_bifurcation_and_aorta.PNG + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:28.519453 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.165658 + + + + + The common iliac arteries are two large arteries, about 4cm long in adults but more than a centimetre in diameter, that originate from the aortic bifurcation. The arteries run inferolaterally, along the medial border of the psoas muscles to the pelvic brim, where they bifurcate into the external iliac artery and internal iliac artery. The common iliac artery, and all of its branches, exist as paired structures (that is to say, there is one on the left side and one on the right). The distribution of the common iliac artery is basically the pelvis and lower limb on the corresponding side. Both common iliac arteries are accompanied along their course by common iliac veins. [WP,unvetted]. + Wikipedia:Common_iliac_artery + + + + + UMLS:C1261084 + ncithesaurus:Common_Iliac_Artery + + + + + arteria iliaca communis + Wikipedia:Common_iliac_artery + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An artery that arises from the celiac artery and supplies the stomach. + EMAPA:35374 + FMA:14768 + MA:0001961 + NCIT:C32654 + OpenCyc:Mx4rwMjqKZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA + SCTID:244267000 + UMLS:C0226299 + Wikipedia:Left_gastric_artery + galen:LeftGastricArtery + uberon + arteria gastrica sinistra + gastric artery + UBERON:0001192 + + + left gastric artery + left gastric artery + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Gray532.png + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:28.519449 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.166013 + + + + + An artery that arises from the celiac artery and supplies the stomach. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + UMLS:C0226299 + ncithesaurus:Gastric_Artery + + + + + arteria gastrica sinistra + Wikipedia:Left_gastric_artery + + + + + + gastric artery + FMA:14768 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An artery that supplies the spleen. + EMAPA:19216 + FMA:14773 + GAID:510 + MA:0001991 + MA:0003177 + MESH:D013157 + NCIT:C33597 + OpenCyc:Mx4rv0cb2ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA + SCTID:244266009 + UMLS:C0037996 + Wikipedia:Splenic_artery + galen:SplenicArtery + arteria splenica + lienal artery + uberon + arteria lienalis + UBERON:0001194 + + + splenic artery + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/268 + Splenic Artery + splenic artery + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a2/Gray1188.png + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:28.519297 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.166755 + + + + + An artery that supplies the spleen. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + UMLS:C0037996 + ncithesaurus:Splenic_Artery + + + + + arteria splenica + Wikipedia:Splenic_artery + + + + + + lienal artery + MA:0001991 + + + + + arteria lienalis + Wikipedia:Splenic_artery + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery is a branch of the superior mesenteric artery or from its first intestinal branch, opposite the upper border of the inferior part of the duodenum. It courses to the right between the head of the pancreas and duodenum, and then ascends to anastomose with the anterior and posterior superior pancreaticoduodenal artery. It distributes branches to the head of the pancreas and to the descending and inferior parts of the duodenum. [WP,unvetted]. + EMAPA:37086 + FMA:14805 + MA:0002014 + NCIT:C32786 + SCTID:244273004 + UMLS:C0226319 + Wikipedia:Inferior_pancreaticoduodenal_artery + inferior pancreatico-duodenal artery + uberon + arteriae pancreaticoduodenales inferiores + UBERON:0001195 + + + inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery + inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3b/Gray533.png + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:28.519197 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.166224 + + + + + The inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery is a branch of the superior mesenteric artery or from its first intestinal branch, opposite the upper border of the inferior part of the duodenum. It courses to the right between the head of the pancreas and duodenum, and then ascends to anastomose with the anterior and posterior superior pancreaticoduodenal artery. It distributes branches to the head of the pancreas and to the descending and inferior parts of the duodenum. [WP,unvetted]. + Wikipedia:Inferior_pancreaticoduodenal_artery + + + + + EMAPA:37086 + MA:th + + + + + UMLS:C0226319 + ncithesaurus:Inferior_Pancreatico-duodenal_artery + + + + + arteriae pancreaticoduodenales inferiores + Wikipedia:Inferior_pancreaticoduodenal_artery + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The middle colic artery is a branch of the superior mesenteric artery that mostly supplies the transverse colon. It arises just below the pancreas, and, passing downward and forward between the layers of the transverse mesocolon, divides into two branches: right and left. The right branch anastomoses with the right colic artery The left branch anastomoses with the left colic artery, a branch of the inferior mesenteric artery. The arches thus formed are placed about two fingers' breadth from the transverse colon, to which they distribute branches. [WP,unvetted]. + EMAPA:37106 + FMA:14810 + MA:0002007 + NCIT:C52981 + SCTID:244276007 + UMLS:C0226328 + Wikipedia:Middle_colic_artery + galen:MiddleColicArtery + uberon + arteria colica media + UBERON:0001196 + + + middle colic artery + middle colic artery + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cb/Gray537.png + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:28.519280 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.166298 + + + + + The middle colic artery is a branch of the superior mesenteric artery that mostly supplies the transverse colon. It arises just below the pancreas, and, passing downward and forward between the layers of the transverse mesocolon, divides into two branches: right and left. The right branch anastomoses with the right colic artery The left branch anastomoses with the left colic artery, a branch of the inferior mesenteric artery. The arches thus formed are placed about two fingers' breadth from the transverse colon, to which they distribute branches. [WP,unvetted]. + Wikipedia:Middle_colic_artery + + + + + EMAPA:37106 + MA:th + + + + + UMLS:C0226328 + ncithesaurus:Middle_Colic_Artery + + + + + arteria colica media + Wikipedia:Middle_colic_artery + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The Ileocolic Artery is the lowest branch arising from the concavity of the superior mesenteric artery. It passes downward and to the right behind the peritoneum toward the right iliac fossa, where it divides into a superior and an inferior branch; the inferior anastomoses with the end of the superior mesenteric artery, the superior with the right colic artery. Supplies the cecum, ileum, and appendix. [WP,unvetted]. + EMAPA:37083 + FMA:14815 + MA:0001970 + NCIT:C32760 + SCTID:244279000 + UMLS:C0226323 + Wikipedia:Ileocolic_artery + galen:IleocolicArtery + uberon + arteria ileocolica + UBERON:0001197 + + + ileocolic artery + ileocolic artery + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ad/Gray536.png + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:28.519344 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.167893 + + + + + The Ileocolic Artery is the lowest branch arising from the concavity of the superior mesenteric artery. It passes downward and to the right behind the peritoneum toward the right iliac fossa, where it divides into a superior and an inferior branch; the inferior anastomoses with the end of the superior mesenteric artery, the superior with the right colic artery. Supplies the cecum, ileum, and appendix. [WP,unvetted]. + Wikipedia:Ileocolic_artery + + + + + EMAPA:37083 + MA:th + + + + + UMLS:C0226323 + ncithesaurus:Ileo-colic_Artery + + + + + arteria ileocolica + Wikipedia:Ileocolic_artery + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Each (left and right) superior suprarenal artery is a branch of the inferior phrenic artery on that side of the body. The left and right phrenic arteries supply the diaphragm, and come off the aorta. [WP,unvetted]. + EMAPA:37122 + FMA:14863 + MA:0002057 + NCIT:C52736 + SCTID:303424001 + UMLS:C0580876 + Wikipedia:Superior_suprarenal_artery + arteriae suprarenales superiores + superior adrenal branch of inferior phrenic artery + superior suprarenal branch of inferior phrenic artery + uberon + UBERON:0001198 + + + superior suprarenal artery + superior suprarenal artery + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/61/Gray1121.png + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:28.519462 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.166936 + + + + + Each (left and right) superior suprarenal artery is a branch of the inferior phrenic artery on that side of the body. The left and right phrenic arteries supply the diaphragm, and come off the aorta. [WP,unvetted]. + Wikipedia:Superior_suprarenal_artery + + + + + EMAPA:37122 + MA:th + + + + + UMLS:C0580876 + ncithesaurus:Superior_Suprarenal_Artery + + + + + arteriae suprarenales superiores + Wikipedia:Superior_suprarenal_artery + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The pancreatic veins consist of several small vessels which drain the body and tail of the pancreas, and open into the trunk of the great pancreatic vein. [WP,unvetted]. + see also MA:0002165 ! lieno-pancreatic vein + EMAPA:37678 + FMA:15388 + MA:0002189 + NCIT:C53059 + SCTID:264492008 + UMLS:C0226743 + Wikipedia:Pancreatic_vein + pancreatic vein + uberon + UBERON:0001214 + + + pancreatic tributary of splenic vein + pancreatic tributary of splenic vein + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.166236 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:48.278437 + + + + + The pancreatic veins consist of several small vessels which drain the body and tail of the pancreas, and open into the trunk of the great pancreatic vein. [WP,unvetted]. + Wikipedia:Pancreatic_vein + + + + + see also MA:0002165 ! lieno-pancreatic vein + MA + + + + + EMAPA:37678 + MA:th + + + + + UMLS:C0226743 + ncithesaurus:Pancreatic_Vein + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A blood vessel that drains blood from the large intestine that usually terminates when reaching the splenic vein, which goes on to form the portal vein with the superior mesenteric vein (SMV). Anatomical variations include the IMV draining into the confluence of the SMV and splenic vein and the IMV draining in the SMV. The IMV lies to the right of the similarly name artery, the inferior mesenteric artery, which originates from the abdominal aorta. [WP,unvetted]. + BTO:0002782 + EHDAA2:0000819 + EHDAA:8712 + EMAPA:18642 + FMA:15391 + MA:0002178 + NCIT:C32782 + OpenCyc:Mx4rvcV53ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA + SCTID:281055007 + UMLS:C0226754 + VHOG:0001118 + Wikipedia:Inferior_mesenteric_vein + uberon + lower mesenteric vein + vena mesenterica inferior + UBERON:0001215 + + + inferior mesenteric vein + inferior mesenteric vein + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/33/Gray591.png + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.166255 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:48.278405 + + + + + A blood vessel that drains blood from the large intestine that usually terminates when reaching the splenic vein, which goes on to form the portal vein with the superior mesenteric vein (SMV). Anatomical variations include the IMV draining into the confluence of the SMV and splenic vein and the IMV draining in the SMV. The IMV lies to the right of the similarly name artery, the inferior mesenteric artery, which originates from the abdominal aorta. [WP,unvetted]. + Wikipedia:Inferior_mesenteric_vein + + + + + UMLS:C0226754 + ncithesaurus:Inferior_Mesenteric_Vein + + + + + lower mesenteric vein + BTO:0002782 + + + + + vena mesenterica inferior + Wikipedia:Inferior_mesenteric_vein + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A tributary of the superior mesenteric vein that drains the jejunum. + EMAPA:37160 + FMA:15402 + MA:0002153 + Wikipedia:Jejunal_veins + uberon + venae jejunales + UBERON:0001216 + + jejunal vein + jejunal vein + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/33/Gray591.png + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.167860 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:48.278476 + + + + + A tributary of the superior mesenteric vein that drains the jejunum. + Wikipedia:Jejunal_veins + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + EMAPA:37160 + MA:th + + + + + venae jejunales + Wikipedia:Jejunal_veins + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The veins that drain blood from the ileum into the superior mesenteric vein. + EMAPA:37149 + FMA:15405 + MA:0002140 + NCIT:C53046 + UMLS:C1301431 + Wikipedia:Ileal_veins + uberon + UBERON:0001217 + + ileal vein + ileal vein + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:28.519330 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.167865 + + + + + The veins that drain blood from the ileum into the superior mesenteric vein. + ncithesaurus:Ileal_Vein + + + + + EMAPA:37149 + MA:th + + + + + UMLS:C1301431 + ncithesaurus:Ileal_Vein + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The middle colic vein drains the transverse colon. It is a tributary of the superior mesenteric vein, and follows the path of its corresponding artery, the middle colic artery. [WP,unvetted]. + EMAPA:37174 + FMA:15406 + MA:0002181 + OpenCyc:Mx4rvywYIpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA + SCTID:9018004 + Wikipedia:Middle_colic_vein + vena colica media (intermedia) + uberon + vena colica media + UBERON:0001218 + + + middle colic vein + middle colic vein + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/33/Gray591.png + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.166377 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:48.278421 + + + + + The middle colic vein drains the transverse colon. It is a tributary of the superior mesenteric vein, and follows the path of its corresponding artery, the middle colic artery. [WP,unvetted]. + Wikipedia:Middle_colic_vein + + + + + EMAPA:37174 + MA:th + + + + + vena colica media + Wikipedia:Middle_colic_vein + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The ileocolic vein is a vein which drains the ileum, colon, and cecum. [WP,unvetted]. + EMAPA:37150 + FMA:15408 + MA:0002141 + NCIT:C53047 + SCTID:36208008 + UMLS:C0226744 + Wikipedia:Ileocolic_vein + uberon + vena ileocolica + UBERON:0001219 + + + ileocolic vein + ileocolic vein + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/33/Gray591.png + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:28.519543 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.165729 + + + + + The ileocolic vein is a vein which drains the ileum, colon, and cecum. [WP,unvetted]. + Wikipedia:Ileocolic_vein + + + + + EMAPA:37150 + MA:th + + + + + UMLS:C0226744 + ncithesaurus:Ileocolic_Vein + + + + + vena ileocolica + Wikipedia:Ileocolic_vein + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A funnel shaped proximal portion of the ureter that is formed by convergence of the major calices [MP]. + CALOHA:TS-2230 + EMAPA:17948 + FMA:15575 + GAID:426 + MA:0000374 + MESH:D007682 + NCIT:C12887 + SCTID:362221007 + UMLS:C0227666 + Wikipedia:Renal_pelvis + galen:RenalPelvis + kidney pelvis + pelvis of ureter + uberon + p. renallis + pyelum + UBERON:0001224 + + + In this ontology, the renal pelvis is represented as the area of part-overlap between the kidney and the ureter + + renal pelvis + renal pelvis + Illu:kidney2.jpg + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:04:49.725236 + + + + + A funnel shaped proximal portion of the ureter that is formed by convergence of the major calices [MP]. + MP:0004194 + + + + + UMLS:C0227666 + ncithesaurus:Renal_Pelvis + + + + + p. renallis + Wikipedia:Renal_pelvis + + + + + + pyelum + MP:0004194 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Outer cortical portion of the kidney, between the renal capsule and the renal medulla. + In the adult metanephros, it forms a continuous smooth outer zone with a number of projections that extend down between the pyramids. It contains the renal corpuscles and the renal tubules except for parts of the loop of Henle which descend into the renal medulla. It also contains blood vessels and cortical collecting ducts. The renal cortex is the part of the kidney where ultrafiltration occurs.[WP] + BTO:0001166 + CALOHA:TS-0503 + EMAPA:17952 + FMA:15581 + GAID:424 + MA:0000372 + MESH:D007672 + NCIT:C12739 + SCTID:362211004 + UMLS:C0022655 + Wikipedia:Renal_cortex + galen:CortexOfKidney + cortex renalis + kidney cortex + renal cortex + uberon + UBERON:0001225 + + + + cortex of kidney + cortex of kidney + Illu:kidney.jpg + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:04:49.725480 + + + + + Outer cortical portion of the kidney, between the renal capsule and the renal medulla. + Wikipedia:Renal_cortex + + + + + UMLS:C0022655 + ncithesaurus:Renal_Cortex + + + + + cortex renalis + FMA:15581 + FMA:TA + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Portion of the urinary collecting system within the kidney that drains several minor calyces. + EMAPA:18677 + FMA:15613 + MA:0001644 + SCTID:1106008 + Wikipedia:Major_calyx + calices renales majores + major calix + uberon + calices renales majores + UBERON:0001226 + + major calyx collects urine from several renal papillae; all major calyces unite to form the renal pelvis + + major calyx + major calyx + Kidney:PioM.png + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:04:49.725265 + + + + + Portion of the urinary collecting system within the kidney that drains several minor calyces. + http://anatomy.uams.edu/anatomyhtml/kidney.html + + + + + calices renales majores + Wikipedia:Major_calyx + + + + + + calices renales majores + Wikipedia:Major_calyx + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Portion of the urinary collecting system within the kidney that drains one renal papilla. + EMAPA:18678 + FMA:15614 + MA:0001645 + SCTID:26293004 + Wikipedia:Minor_calyx + calices renales minores + minor calix + uberon + calices renales minores + UBERON:0001227 + + one renal papilla projects into the lumen of one minor calyx; several minor calyces unite to form a major calyx + + minor calyx + minor calyx + Kidney:PioM.png + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:04:49.725213 + + + + + Portion of the urinary collecting system within the kidney that drains one renal papilla. + http://anatomy.uams.edu/anatomyhtml/kidney.html + + + + + calices renales minores + Wikipedia:Minor_calyx + + + + + + calices renales minores + Wikipedia:Minor_calyx + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Tip of renal pyramid projecting into a minor calyx. + BTO:0003925 + EMAPA:35727 + FMA:15622 + MA:0002730 + MESH:D007679 + NCIT:C33460 + SCTID:362214007 + UMLS:C0022666 + Wikipedia:Renal_papilla + galen:RenalPapilla + kidney papilla + uberon + UBERON:0001228 + + + + renal papilla + renal papilla + Kidney:PioM.png + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:04:49.725525 + + + + + Tip of renal pyramid projecting into a minor calyx. + http://anatomy.uams.edu/anatomyhtml/kidney.html + + + + + UMLS:C0022666 + ncithesaurus:Renal_Papilla + + + + + kidney papilla + MP:0011303 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The structure containing the glomerular capsule and the glomerulus that serves as the initial blood-filtering component of a nephron. + A mass of arterial capillaries enveloped in a capsule and attached to a tubule in the kidney[BTO] + A tuft of capillaries found in a Bowman's capsule in which waste products are filtered from the blood and urine formation is initiated. Paired highly vascularized structures of the pronephros, responsible for blood filtration.[XAO] + The part of the nephron that filters blood.[TAO] + BTO:0000333 + CALOHA:TS-1317 + EMAPA:28236 + EMAPA:35726 + EV:0100385 + FMA:15625 + MA:0000376 + NCIT:C33456 + SCTID:361329009 + TAO:0005281 + UMLS:C0227635 + VHOG:0001262 + Wikipedia:Renal_corpuscle + ZFA:0005281 + Malphigian corpuscle + Malpighian corpuscle + corpusculum renale + uberon + corpusculum renis + cortical renal corpuscle + kidney corpuscle + UBERON:0001229 + + + + Together, the Bowmans capsule and the glomerulus comprise the definitive renal corpuscle. http://www.gudmap.org/About/Tutorial/DevMUS.html#DMK_Nephron + + renal corpuscle + Renal Corpuscle + Renal:corpuscle.svg + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:04:49.725402 + + + + + The structure containing the glomerular capsule and the glomerulus that serves as the initial blood-filtering component of a nephron. + ISBN:0-683-40008-8 + MP:0002827 + + + + + A mass of arterial capillaries enveloped in a capsule and attached to a tubule in the kidney[BTO] + 2012-11-28 + BTO:0000333 + BTO + BTO:curator + + + + + A tuft of capillaries found in a Bowman's capsule in which waste products are filtered from the blood and urine formation is initiated. Paired highly vascularized structures of the pronephros, responsible for blood filtration.[XAO] + 2012-11-28 + XAO:0000146 + XAO + XAO:curator + + + + + The part of the nephron that filters blood.[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0005281 + TAO + ZFIN:curator + + + + + UMLS:C0227635 + ncithesaurus:Renal_Corpuscle + + + + + Malphigian corpuscle + MA:0000376 + + + + + + Malpighian corpuscle + ZFA:0005281 + + + + + corpusculum renale + + + + + + corpusculum renis + Wikipedia:Renal_corpuscle + + + + + + cortical renal corpuscle + MA:0000376 + + + + + kidney corpuscle + Wikipedia:Renal_corpuscle + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An epithelial tube that is part of the nephron, the functional part of the kidney. + note that in ISBN:0073040584 (Vertebrates, Kardong), the uriniferous tubule contains the nephron, so we have a separate class, rather than using a synonym, as in MA + UBERON:0004210 + renal tubule + BTO:0000343 + CALOHA:TS-1262 + EFO:0003666 + EMAPA:27782 + EV:0100387 + FMA:15627 + GAID:433 + MA:0000377 + MESH:D007684 + NCIT:C49274 + SCTID:361332007 + TAO:0001287 + UMLS:C0022674 + Wikipedia:Renal_tubule + ZFA:0001287 + kidney tubule + tubulus renalis + uberon + uriniferous tubule + UBERON:0001231 + + + + + + nephron tubule + nephron tubule + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:04:49.725554 + + + + + An epithelial tube that is part of the nephron, the functional part of the kidney. + GO:0072078 + Wikipedia:Renal_tubule + + + + + note that in ISBN:0073040584 (Vertebrates, Kardong), the uriniferous tubule contains the nephron, so we have a separate class, rather than using a synonym, as in MA + MA + + + + + UMLS:C0022674 + ncithesaurus:Renal_Tubule + + + + + kidney tubule + GAID:433 + + + + + uriniferous tubule + MA:0000377 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The collecting duct is a portion of the nephron through which water flows, moving passively down its concentration gradient. + Renal duct that collects the output from renal tubules.[TAO] + in ISBN:0073040584 (Vertebrates, Kardong), the nephron is adjacent to the collecting tubule, consistent with FMA, but not GO. Wikipedia says: Many sources include the connecting tubule as part of the collecting duct system. However, the embryological origin is more similar to the nephron than it is to the rest of the collecting duct (which derives from the ureteric bud), and other sources therefore classify the connecting tubule with the nephron + BTO:0000761 + CALOHA:TS-0860 + EMAPA:28407 + EV:0100391 + FMA:15628 + GAID:434 + MA:0000371 + MESH:D007685 + SCTID:28202009 + TAO:0005294 + Wikipedia:Collecting_tubule + ZFA:0005294 + collecting duct + kidney collecting duct + renal collecting tubule + tubulus renalis arcuatus + tubulus renalis colligens + uberon + arcuate renal tubule + collecting duct system + collecting tubule + junctional tube + kidney collecting tubule + ureteric tree + UBERON:0001232 + + + + + collecting duct of renal tubule + collecting duct of renal tubule + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:04:49.725570 + + + + + The collecting duct is a portion of the nephron through which water flows, moving passively down its concentration gradient. + GO:0072044 + Wikipedia:Collecting_tubule + + + + + Renal duct that collects the output from renal tubules.[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0005294 + TAO + ZFIN:curator + + + + + in ISBN:0073040584 (Vertebrates, Kardong), the nephron is adjacent to the collecting tubule, consistent with FMA, but not GO. Wikipedia says: Many sources include the connecting tubule as part of the collecting duct system. However, the embryological origin is more similar to the nephron than it is to the rest of the collecting duct (which derives from the ureteric bud), and other sources therefore classify the connecting tubule with the nephron + FMA + + + + + collecting duct + GO:0072044 + + + + + renal collecting tubule + FMA:15628 + + + + + tubulus renalis arcuatus + Wikipedia:Connecting_tubule + + + + + + arcuate renal tubule + Wikipedia:Connecting_tubule + + + + + collecting duct system + BTO:0000761 + + + + + junctional tube + Wikipedia:Connecting_tubule + + + + + ureteric tree + EMAPA:28407 + + + + + + + + Orifice at the opposite end of an animal's digestive tract from the mouth. Its function is to expel feces, unwanted semi-solid matter produced during digestion, which, depending on the type of animal, may be one or more of: matter which the animal cannot digest, such as bones; food material after all the nutrients have been extracted, for example cellulose or lignin; ingested matter which would be toxic if it remained in the digestive tract; and dead or excess gut bacteria and other endosymbionts. + anal + In the lungfish, sharks and rays the rectum opens into the cloaca which also receives wastes (urine) from the kidneys and material from the reproductive organs. In bony fish the rectum reaches the outside environment through the anus, which is normally situated just in front the urinary and reproductive openings. However in some fish the digestive tract may be curled back on itself, and in the Electric Eel (Electrophorus electricus) the anus is situated in the fish's throat. -- http://www.earthlife.net/fish/digestion.html + BTO:0001680 + CALOHA:TS-2005 + EV:0100082 + FBbt:00003148 + FMA:15711 + GAID:312 + MA:0000331 + MESH:A03.492.411.495.767.288 + NCIT:C43362 + OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjaEZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA + SCTID:181262009 + TADS:0000066 + TGMA:0001279 + UMLS:C0003461 + WBbt:0005364 + Wikipedia:Anus + galen:Anus + anal opening + anal orifice + opening of terminal part of digestive tract + uberon + proctodeum + UBERON:0001245 + + + + anus + anus + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Protovsdeuterostomes.svg + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/75/Anorectum.gif + + + + + Orifice at the opposite end of an animal's digestive tract from the mouth. Its function is to expel feces, unwanted semi-solid matter produced during digestion, which, depending on the type of animal, may be one or more of: matter which the animal cannot digest, such as bones; food material after all the nutrients have been extracted, for example cellulose or lignin; ingested matter which would be toxic if it remained in the digestive tract; and dead or excess gut bacteria and other endosymbionts. + Wikipedia:Anus + ZFIN:curator + + + + + UMLS:C0003461 + ncithesaurus:Anus + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The splenic hilum is a location on the surface of the spleen. It is the point of attachment for the gastrosplenic ligament, and the point of insertion for the splenic artery and splenic vein. [WP,unvetted]. + hilum + EMAPA:19303 + FMA:15841 + MA:0002670 + NCIT:C33601 + SCTID:245377005 + UMLS:C0229685 + Wikipedia:Splenic_hilum + hilum lienale + hilum splenicum + spleen hilum + splenic hilum + uberon + hilum splenicum + UBERON:0001248 + + + hilum of spleen + hilum of spleen + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a2/Gray1188.png + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:16:56.115529 + + + + + The splenic hilum is a location on the surface of the spleen. It is the point of attachment for the gastrosplenic ligament, and the point of insertion for the splenic artery and splenic vein. [WP,unvetted]. + Wikipedia:Splenic_hilum + + + + + hilum + EMAPA:19303 + + + + + UMLS:C0229685 + ncithesaurus:Splenic_Hilum + + + + + hilum lienale + FMA:15841 + FMA:TA + + + + + + hilum splenicum + FMA:15841 + FMA:TA + + + + + + hilum splenicum + Wikipedia:Splenic_hilum + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The parenchymatous tissue network of the spleen that consists of loose plates or cords (sinuses) infiltrated with red blood cells where most of the blood filtration occurs and degenerate erythrocytes are removed from the circulation. + + CALOHA:TS-1263 + EMAPA:35806 + FMA:15844 + MA:0000756 + NCIT:C12992 + SCTID:27579002 + UMLS:C0229687 + Wikipedia:Red_pulp + pulpa rubra + red pulp + spleen red pulp + splenic red pulp + uberon + pulpa splenica + UBERON:0001250 + + + + red pulp of spleen + red pulp of spleen + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/15/Gray1191.png + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:16:52.285437 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:17:05.453307 + + + + + The parenchymatous tissue network of the spleen that consists of loose plates or cords (sinuses) infiltrated with red blood cells where most of the blood filtration occurs and degenerate erythrocytes are removed from the circulation. + MGI:csmith + MP:0002356 + + + + + + DOI:10.1177/0192623311409597 + + + + + UMLS:C0229687 + ncithesaurus:Splenic_Red_Pulp + + + + + pulpa rubra + FMA:15844 + FMA:TA + + + + + + pulpa splenica + Wikipedia:Red_pulp + + + + + + + + + The zone between the red and white pulp of the spleen containing numerous macrophages and lymphocytes, and a rich plexus of sinusoids supplied by white pulp arterioles carrying blood-borne antigens. + WP says - (Some sources consider it to be the part of red pulp which borders on the white pulp, while other sources consider it to be neither red pulp nor white pulp.) - we use the adjacency relation here so it overlaps neither. FMA considers this an anatomical line. + marginal zone + CALOHA:TS-2395 + EMAPA:36650 + FMA:15852 + MA:0000755 + NCIT:C49767 + UMLS:C1711368 + Wikipedia:Marginal_zone + junctional zone of spleen + spleen marginal zone + uberon + UBERON:0001251 + + + marginal zone of spleen + Marginal Zone of Spleen + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/15/Gray1191.png + + + + + The zone between the red and white pulp of the spleen containing numerous macrophages and lymphocytes, and a rich plexus of sinusoids supplied by white pulp arterioles carrying blood-borne antigens. + ISBN:0-683-40008-8 + MP:0002362 + + + + + WP says - (Some sources consider it to be the part of red pulp which borders on the white pulp, while other sources consider it to be neither red pulp nor white pulp.) - we use the adjacency relation here so it overlaps neither. FMA considers this an anatomical line. + FMA + + + + + marginal zone + Wikipedia:Marginal_zone + + + + + UMLS:C1711368 + ncithesaurus:Marginal_Zone + + + + + spleen marginal zone + MA:0000755 + + + + + + + + A lamina propria that is part of a ureter [Automatically generated definition]. + EMAPA:28841 + FMA:15896 + MA:0002653 + SCTID:2771005 + lamina propria mucosa of ureter + lamina propria mucosae of ureter + ureter lamina propria + ureter lamina propria mucosa + ureter lamina propria mucosae + uberon + UBERON:0001253 + + lamina propria of ureter + lamina propria of ureter + + + + + A lamina propria that is part of a ureter [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + lamina propria mucosa of ureter + OBOL:automatic + + + + + lamina propria mucosae of ureter + OBOL:automatic + + + + + ureter lamina propria mucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + ureter lamina propria mucosae + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + The luminal epithelium of the tube that conducts the urine from the renal pelvis to the bladder[MP]. + MP treats ureter urothelium and ureter luminal urothelium as exact synonyms, yes MA treats these as distinct; see also: transitional epithelium vs urothelium + EMAPA:28089 + FMA:15897 + MA:0002655 + transitional epithelium of ureter + ureter transitional epithelium + ureter urothelium + uberon + ureter luminal urothelium + UBERON:0001254 + + + urothelium of ureter + urothelium of ureter + + + + + The luminal epithelium of the tube that conducts the urine from the renal pelvis to the bladder[MP]. + MP:0000535 + + + + + MP treats ureter urothelium and ureter luminal urothelium as exact synonyms, yes MA treats these as distinct; see also: transitional epithelium vs urothelium + MP + + + + + ureter luminal urothelium + MP:0000535 + + + + + + + + + Distensible musculomembranous organ situated in the anterior part of the pelvic cavity in which urine collects before excretion[MP]. + + A saccular organ in which urine accumulates before discharge from the body. [Bemis_WE, Functional_Anatomy_of_the_Vertebrates:_An_Evolutionary_Perspective, Glossary_G-29, Grande_L, Liem_KF, Third_Edition_(2001)_Orlando_Fla.:_Harcourt_College_Publishers, Walker_WF][VHOG] + Anatomical structure which consists of a membranous sac used to temporarily store urine until it is excreted from the body.[AAO] + In tetrapods, the urinary bladder arises as an outpocketing of the cloaca. (...) The tetrapod urinary bladder appears first among amphibians and is present in Sphenodon, turtles, most lizards, ostriches among birds, and all mammals.[well established][VHOG] + vesical + The urinary bladder evolved in tetrapods. Birds to not possess a true urinary bladder, although Palaeognathae have an undifferentiated cloacal outpocketing that serves a similar function[https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/454] + bladder + AAO:0000623 + BTO:0001418 + CALOHA:TS-1090 + EFO:0000290 + EHDAA2:0000174 + EHDAA:9328 + EMAPA:18321 + EV:0100098 + FMA:15900 + GAID:0000004 + MA:0000380 + MAT:0000122 + MESH:A05.810.161 + MIAA:0000122 + NCIT:C12414 + OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjMmZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA + SCTID:302512001 + UMLS:C0005682 + VHOG:0000740 + Wikipedia:Urinary_bladder + XAO:0000154 + galen:UrinaryBladder + vesica urinaria + uberon + urocyst + vesica + UBERON:0001255 + + + + + + + urinary bladder + urinary bladder + Urinary:system.svg + + + + + Distensible musculomembranous organ situated in the anterior part of the pelvic cavity in which urine collects before excretion[MP]. + MGI:anna + Wikipedia:Urinary_bladder + + + + + + BGEE:Ann + GOTAX:0010073 + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/454 + + + + + A saccular organ in which urine accumulates before discharge from the body. [Bemis_WE, Functional_Anatomy_of_the_Vertebrates:_An_Evolutionary_Perspective, Glossary_G-29, Grande_L, Liem_KF, Third_Edition_(2001)_Orlando_Fla.:_Harcourt_College_Publishers, Walker_WF][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000740 + VHOG + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + Anatomical structure which consists of a membranous sac used to temporarily store urine until it is excreted from the body.[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0000623 + AAO + AAO:BJB + + + + + In tetrapods, the urinary bladder arises as an outpocketing of the cloaca. (...) The tetrapod urinary bladder appears first among amphibians and is present in Sphenodon, turtles, most lizards, ostriches among birds, and all mammals.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000740 + VHOG + ISBN:978-0072528305 Kardong KV, Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy, Function, Evolution (2006) p.577-78 + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + bladder + EHDAA2:0000174 + + + + + UMLS:C0005682 + ncithesaurus:Bladder + + + + + vesica urinaria + Wikipedia:Urinary_bladder + + + + + + urocyst + Wikipedia:Urinary_bladder + + + + + vesica + BTO:0001418 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An anatomical wall that lines the insider of a urinary bladder. + BTO:0001462 + EMAPA:35175 + FMA:15902 + MA:0002493 + NCIT:C48941 + SCTID:362225003 + UMLS:C0458421 + anatomical wall of bladder + anatomical wall of urinary bladder + bladder anatomical wall + bladder wall + urinary bladder anatomical wall + urinary bladder wall + wall of bladder + uberon + UBERON:0001256 + + + wall of urinary bladder + wall of urinary bladder + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:19:15.944989 + + + + + An anatomical wall that lines the insider of a urinary bladder. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + UMLS:C0458421 + ncithesaurus:Bladder_Wall + + + + + anatomical wall of bladder + OBOL:automatic + + + + + anatomical wall of urinary bladder + OBOL:automatic + + + + + bladder anatomical wall + OBOL:automatic + + + + + bladder wall + OBOL:automatic + + + + + urinary bladder anatomical wall + OBOL:automatic + + + + + wall of bladder + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The smooth triangular region of the wall of the urinary bladder formed by the two ureteral orifices and the internal urethral orifice; it is an area in which the muscle fibers are closely adherent to the mucosa. + The area is very sensitive to expansion and once stretched to a certain degree, the urinary bladder signals the brain of its need to empty. The signals become stronger as the bladder continues to fill. + Embryologically, the trigone of the bladder is derived from the caudal end of mesonephric ducts, which is of mesodermal origin (the rest of the bladder is endodermal). In the female the mesonephric ducts regresses, causing the trigone to be less prominent, but still present + EMAPA:35174 + FMA:15910 + MA:0002492 + NCIT:C12331 + SCTID:272663002 + UMLS:C0447586 + Wikipedia:Trigone_of_urinary_bladder + galen:TrigoneOfUrinaryBladder + Lieutaud's trigone + bladder trigone + deep trigone + musculus trigoni vesicae profundus + trigone of bladder + trigonum vesicae + urinary bladder trigone + vesical trigone + uberon + dorsal bladder neck + trigonum vesicae urinariae + UBERON:0001257 + + + + trigone of urinary bladder + trigone of urinary bladder + Illu:bladder.jpg + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:19:15.944949 + + + + + The smooth triangular region of the wall of the urinary bladder formed by the two ureteral orifices and the internal urethral orifice; it is an area in which the muscle fibers are closely adherent to the mucosa. + MGI:anna + MP:0011768 + + + + + Embryologically, the trigone of the bladder is derived from the caudal end of mesonephric ducts, which is of mesodermal origin (the rest of the bladder is endodermal). In the female the mesonephric ducts regresses, causing the trigone to be less prominent, but still present + WP + + + + + UMLS:C0447586 + ncithesaurus:Bladder_Trigone + + + + + musculus trigoni vesicae profundus + FMA:15910 + FMA:TA + + + + + + trigonum vesicae + FMA:15910 + FMA:TA + + + + + + dorsal bladder neck + EMAPA:35174 + + + + + trigonum vesicae urinariae + Wikipedia:Trigone_of_urinary_bladder + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The mucous membrane lining the urinary bladder. + EFO:0000293 + EMAPA:35897 + FMA:15928 + MA:0001692 + NCIT:C32205 + SCTID:362224004 + UMLS:C0227691 + galen:MucousMembraneOfUrinaryBladder + bladder mucosa + bladder mucous membrane + bladder organ mucosa + mucosa of bladder + mucous membrane of bladder + mucous membrane of urinary bladder + tunica mucosa (vesica urinaria) + tunica mucosa vesicae + tunica mucosa vesicae urinariae + urinary bladder mucosa + urinary bladder mucous membrane + uberon + UBERON:0001259 + + + + mucosa of urinary bladder + mucosa of urinary bladder + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:19:15.945011 + + + + + The mucous membrane lining the urinary bladder. + MGI:anna + MP:0011766 + + + + + UMLS:C0227691 + ncithesaurus:Bladder_Mucosa + + + + + bladder mucous membrane + OBOL:automatic + + + + + bladder organ mucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mucosa of bladder + OBOL:automatic + + + + + tunica mucosa (vesica urinaria) + FMA:15928 + FMA:TA + + + + + + tunica mucosa vesicae + FMA:15928 + FMA:TA + + + + + + tunica mucosa vesicae urinariae + MP:MP + + + + + urinary bladder mucous membrane + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + A lamina propria that is part of a urinary bladder [Automatically generated definition]. + Contains loose to dense connective tissue, variably sized blood vessels that may be close to epithelium, lymphatics, variable adipose tissue + EMAPA:30088 + FMA:15935 + MA:0001695 + NCIT:C48940 + UMLS:C1706967 + bladder lamina propria + bladder lamina propria mucosa + bladder lamina propria mucosae + lamina propria mucosa of bladder + lamina propria mucosa of urinary bladder + lamina propria mucosae of bladder + lamina propria mucosae of urinary bladder + lamina propria of bladder + urinary bladder lamina propria + urinary bladder lamina propria mucosa + urinary bladder lamina propria mucosae + uberon + UBERON:0001261 + + lamina propria of urinary bladder + lamina propria of urinary bladder + + + + + A lamina propria that is part of a urinary bladder [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + UMLS:C1706967 + ncithesaurus:Bladder_Lamina_Propria + + + + + bladder lamina propria + OBOL:automatic + + + + + bladder lamina propria mucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + bladder lamina propria mucosae + OBOL:automatic + + + + + lamina propria mucosa of bladder + OBOL:automatic + + + + + lamina propria mucosa of urinary bladder + OBOL:automatic + + + + + lamina propria mucosae of bladder + OBOL:automatic + + + + + lamina propria mucosae of urinary bladder + OBOL:automatic + + + + + lamina propria of bladder + OBOL:automatic + + + + + urinary bladder lamina propria mucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + urinary bladder lamina propria mucosae + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The secretory units of the exocrine pancreas, where fluid containing digestive enzymes is produced; consists of a group of secretory cells surrounding a luminal space that connects to the pancreatic duct. + EMAPA:35651 + FMA:16011 + MA:0002417 + NCIT:C49268 + SCTID:247604006 + UMLS:C0227578 + acinus pancreaticus + pancreas acinus + uberon + pancreatic acinar + pancreatic acini + UBERON:0001263 + + + pancreatic acinus + Pancreatic acinus + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:12:51.607384 + + + + + The secretory units of the exocrine pancreas, where fluid containing digestive enzymes is produced; consists of a group of secretory cells surrounding a luminal space that connects to the pancreatic duct. + MP:0009145 + + + + + UMLS:C0227578 + ncithesaurus:Pancreatic_Acinus + + + + + acinus pancreaticus + FMA:16011 + + + + + + pancreatic acinar + TEMP:MP + + + + + pancreatic acini + + + + + + + + + An endoderm derived structure that produces precursors of digestive enzymes and blood glucose regulating enzymes[GO]. + Organ which secretes a fluid containing enzymes that aid in the digestion of food.[AAO] + In the hagfish and lampreys (our most primitive vertebrate species of today), the first sign of 'a new organ' is found as collections of endocrine cells around the area of the bile duct connection with the duodenum. These endocrine organs are composed of 99% beta cells and 1% somatostatin-producing delta cells. Compared to the more primitive protochordates (e.g. amphioxus), this represents a stage where all previously scattered insulin-producing cells of the intestinal tissue have now quantitatively migrated to found a new organ involved in sensing blood glucose rather than gut glucose. Only later in evolution, the beta cells are joined by exocrine tissue and alpha cells (exemplified by the rat-, rabbit- and elephant-fishes). Finally, from sharks and onwards in evolution, we have the islet PP-cell entering to complete the pancreas.[well established][VHOG] + pancreatic + As a secretory organ serving exocrine and endocrine functions, the pancreas is specific to the vertebrates[PMID:16417468] Hagfishes and lampreys are unique in the complete separation of their endocrine pancreas (islet or- gan) and their exocrine pancreas (50). The endocrine and exocrine pancreas are coassociated in crown gnathostomes (50). In Branchiostoma and Ciona, there is no diverticulum as there is in hagfishes, lampreys, and gnathostomes, only dispersed insulin-secreting cells in the walls of the gastrointestinal tract (51, 52) + The zebrafish does not have a discrete pancreas. Exocrine pancreatic tissue can be found scattered along the intestinal tract. The acinar structure of the exocrine pancreas is very similar to that of mammals and comprises cells with a very dark, basophilic cytoplasm + The mature pancreas of higher vertebrates and mammals comprises two major functional units: the exocrine pancreas, which is responsible for the production of digestive enzymes to be secreted into the gut lumen, and the endocrine pancreas, which has its role in the synthesis of several hormones with key regulatory functions in food uptake and metabolism. The exocrine portion constitutes the majority of the mass of the pancreas, and contains only two different cell types, the secretory acinar cells and the ductular cells. The endocrine portion, which comprises only 1-2% of the total mass, contains five different cell types, which are organized into mixed functional assemblies referred to as the islets of Langerhans + AAO:0010112 + BTO:0000988 + CALOHA:TS-0736 + EFO:0000855 + EHDAA2:0001367 + EHDAA:6893 + EMAPA:17503 + EV:0100092 + FMA:7198 + GAID:334 + MA:0000120 + MAT:0000075 + MESH:D010179 + MIAA:0000075 + NCIT:C12393 + OpenCyc:Mx4rvVimZZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA + SCTID:181277001 + TAO:0000140 + UMLS:C0030274 + VHOG:0000050 + Wikipedia:Pancreas + XAO:0000136 + ZFA:0000140 + galen:Pancreas + uberon + UBERON:0001264 + + + + + + + + pancreas + Pancreas + https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7e/Blausen_0699_PancreasAnatomy2.png + + + + + An endoderm derived structure that produces precursors of digestive enzymes and blood glucose regulating enzymes[GO]. + GO:0031016 + + + + + Organ which secretes a fluid containing enzymes that aid in the digestion of food.[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0010112 + AAO + AAO:BJB + + + + + In the hagfish and lampreys (our most primitive vertebrate species of today), the first sign of 'a new organ' is found as collections of endocrine cells around the area of the bile duct connection with the duodenum. These endocrine organs are composed of 99% beta cells and 1% somatostatin-producing delta cells. Compared to the more primitive protochordates (e.g. amphioxus), this represents a stage where all previously scattered insulin-producing cells of the intestinal tissue have now quantitatively migrated to found a new organ involved in sensing blood glucose rather than gut glucose. Only later in evolution, the beta cells are joined by exocrine tissue and alpha cells (exemplified by the rat-, rabbit- and elephant-fishes). Finally, from sharks and onwards in evolution, we have the islet PP-cell entering to complete the pancreas.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000050 + VHOG + DOI:10.1016/j.crvi.2007.03.006 Madsen OD, Pancreas phylogeny and ontogeny in relation to a 'pancreatic stem cell'. C.R. Biologies (2007) + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + As a secretory organ serving exocrine and endocrine functions, the pancreas is specific to the vertebrates[PMID:16417468] Hagfishes and lampreys are unique in the complete separation of their endocrine pancreas (islet or- gan) and their exocrine pancreas (50). The endocrine and exocrine pancreas are coassociated in crown gnathostomes (50). In Branchiostoma and Ciona, there is no diverticulum as there is in hagfishes, lampreys, and gnathostomes, only dispersed insulin-secreting cells in the walls of the gastrointestinal tract (51, 52) + PMID:20959416 + + + + + The mature pancreas of higher vertebrates and mammals comprises two major functional units: the exocrine pancreas, which is responsible for the production of digestive enzymes to be secreted into the gut lumen, and the endocrine pancreas, which has its role in the synthesis of several hormones with key regulatory functions in food uptake and metabolism. The exocrine portion constitutes the majority of the mass of the pancreas, and contains only two different cell types, the secretory acinar cells and the ductular cells. The endocrine portion, which comprises only 1-2% of the total mass, contains five different cell types, which are organized into mixed functional assemblies referred to as the islets of Langerhans + PMID:16417468 + + + + + UMLS:C0030274 + ncithesaurus:Pancreas + + + + + + + + A trabecula that is part of a spleen. + EMAPA:35808 + FMA:16027 + MA:0000758 + NCIT:C33607 + SCTID:61987002 + UMLS:C0229688 + Wikipedia:Trabeculae_of_spleen + spleen trabeculum + splenic trabecula + uberon + UBERON:0001265 + + trabecula of spleen + trabecula of spleen + + + + + A trabecula that is part of a spleen. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + UMLS:C0229688 + ncithesaurus:Splenic_Trabecula + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A structure found in the red pulp of the spleen between the sinusoids, consisting of fibrils and connective tissue cells with a large population of monocytes and macrophages. These cords contain half of the human body's monocytes as a reserve so that after tissue injury these monocytes can move in and aid locally sourced monocytes in wound healing. Erythrocytes pass through the cords of Billroth before entering the sinusoids. The passage into the sinusoids may be seen as a bottleneck, where erythrocytes need to be flexible in order to pass through. In disorders of erythrocyte shape and/or flexibility, such as hereditary spherocytosis, erythrocytes fail to pass through and get phagocytosed, causing extravascular hemolysis. + EMAPA:37752 + FMA:16031 + MA:0002671 + NCIT:C33599 + UMLS:C0735011 + Wikipedia:Cords_of_Billroth + cord of Billroth + cord of Bilroth + uberon + UBERON:0001266 + + splenic cord + splenic cord + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:16:56.115526 + + + + + A structure found in the red pulp of the spleen between the sinusoids, consisting of fibrils and connective tissue cells with a large population of monocytes and macrophages. These cords contain half of the human body's monocytes as a reserve so that after tissue injury these monocytes can move in and aid locally sourced monocytes in wound healing. Erythrocytes pass through the cords of Billroth before entering the sinusoids. The passage into the sinusoids may be seen as a bottleneck, where erythrocytes need to be flexible in order to pass through. In disorders of erythrocyte shape and/or flexibility, such as hereditary spherocytosis, erythrocytes fail to pass through and get phagocytosed, causing extravascular hemolysis. + Wikipedia:Cords_of_Billroth + + + + + EMAPA:37752 + MA:th + + + + + UMLS:C0735011 + ncithesaurus:Splenic_Cord + + + + + cord of Billroth + Wikipedia:Cords_of_Billroth + + + + + cord of Bilroth + FMA:16031 + + + + + + + + A multi-organ-part structure that consists of three vessels of the portal lobule including the bile duct, a terminal branch of the hepatic artery and portal vein, and may also include a lymphatic vessel. + The misnomer 'portal triad' traditionally has included only the first three structures, and was named before lymphatic vessels were discovered in the structure. It can refer both to the largest branch of each of these vessels running inside the hepatoduodenal ligament, and to the smaller branches of these vessels inside the liver. + FMA:17523 + MA:0002499 + NCIT:C33342 + SCTID:362192000 + UMLS:C0227514 + Wikipedia:Portal_triad + trias hepatica + uberon + trias hepatica + UBERON:0001279 + + + + portal triad + portal triad + Portal:triad.JPG + + + + + A multi-organ-part structure that consists of three vessels of the portal lobule including the bile duct, a terminal branch of the hepatic artery and portal vein, and may also include a lymphatic vessel. + ISBN:0-683-40008-8 + MGI:csmith + MP:0008993 + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + UMLS:C0227514 + ncithesaurus:Portal_Triad + + + + + trias hepatica + Wikipedia:Portal_triad + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Wide thin-walled blood vessels in the liver. In mammals they have neither veinous or arterial markers. + (...) the amphibian liver has characteristics in common with both fish and terrestrial vertebrates. (...) The histological structure of the liver is similar to that in other vertebrates, with hepatocytes arranged in clusters and cords separated by a meshwork of sinusoids and the presence of the traditional triad of portal venule, hepatic arteriole, and bile duct.[well established][VHOG] + UBERON:0003275 + EHDAA2:0000999 + EMAPA:17365 + FMA:17543 + MA:0000367 + NCIT:C32733 + SCTID:67435004 + TAO:0005091 + UMLS:C0227523 + VHOG:0000708 + Wikipedia:Hepatic_sinusoid + ZFA:0005091 + liver hepatic sinusoids + liver sinusoid + liver sinusoidal blood vessel + sinusoid of liver + sinusoidal blood vessel of liver + vas capillare sinusoideum + vas sinusoideum + uberon + hepatic sinusoids + UBERON:0001281 + + + + + hepatic sinusoid + hepatic sinusoid + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:08:23.425061 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.166428 + + + + + Wide thin-walled blood vessels in the liver. In mammals they have neither veinous or arterial markers. + Wikipedia:Hepatic_sinusoid + ZFIN:curator + + + + + (...) the amphibian liver has characteristics in common with both fish and terrestrial vertebrates. (...) The histological structure of the liver is similar to that in other vertebrates, with hepatocytes arranged in clusters and cords separated by a meshwork of sinusoids and the presence of the traditional triad of portal venule, hepatic arteriole, and bile duct.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000708 + VHOG + DOI:10.1053/ax.2000.7133 Crawshaw GJ, Weinkle TK, Clinical and pathological aspects of the amphibian liver. Seminars in Avian and Exotic Pet Medicine (2000) + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + UMLS:C0227523 + ncithesaurus:Hepatic_Sinusoid + + + + + liver hepatic sinusoids + EHDAA2:0000999 + + + + + liver sinusoidal blood vessel + OBOL:automatic + + + + + sinusoid of liver + OBOL:automatic + + + + + sinusoidal blood vessel of liver + OBOL:automatic + + + + + vas sinusoideum + Wikipedia:Hepatic_sinusoid + + + + + + + + + A column of tissue that is histologically identical to tissue found in the renal cortex, but which is located in the medulla between the renal pyramids. + Check part_of location against textual definition + cortical column + EMAPA:37487 + FMA:17633 + MA:0001651 + NCIT:C32387 + UMLS:C0736346 + Wikipedia:Renal_column + column of Bertini + columna Bertini + kidney column + renal column of Bertini + renal cortical column + uberon + Bertin's column + column of Bertin + columnae renales + UBERON:0001284 + + + renal column + renal column (column of Bertin) + Illu:kidney2.jpg + + + + + A column of tissue that is histologically identical to tissue found in the renal cortex, but which is located in the medulla between the renal pyramids. + http://anatomy.uams.edu/anatomyhtml/kidney.html + + + + + cortical column + ncithesaurus:Cortical_Column + + + + + EMAPA:37487 + MA:th + + + + + columna Bertini + FMA:17633 + FMA:TA + + + + + + kidney column + MA:0001651 + + + + + Bertin's column + FMA:17633 + + + + + column of Bertin + FMA:17633 + + + + + columnae renales + Wikipedia:Renal_column + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The basic functional unit of the kidney. its chief function is to regulate the concentration of water and soluble substances like sodium salts by filtering the blood, reabsorbing what is needed and excreting the rest as urine. A nephron eliminates wastes from the body, regulates blood volume and blood pressure, controls levels of electrolytes and metabolites, and regulates blood pH. Its functions are vital to life and are regulated by the endocrine system by hormones such as antidiuretic hormone, aldosterone, and parathyroid hormone.[WP]. + kidney terms require review for cross-vertebrate compatibility and developmental relationships. + Functional unit of the kidney that filters waste.[TAO] + In the avian kidney, three types of nephron are identified: mammalian-type nephrons with long and short loops of Henle, and reptilian type nephrons (Gambaryan, 1992) + BTO:0000924 + CALOHA:TS-1312 + EMAPA:28491 + EMAPA:35592 + EV:0100384 + FMA:17640 + GAID:428 + MA:0000375 + MESH:D009399 + NCIT:C13048 + SCTID:361337001 + TAO:0002153 + UMLS:C0027713 + Wikipedia:Nephron + ZFA:0005282 + mature nephron + uberon + nephroneum + tubulus renalis + UBERON:0001285 + + + + + nephron + nephron + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/02/Gray1128.png + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:04:49.725119 + + + + + The basic functional unit of the kidney. its chief function is to regulate the concentration of water and soluble substances like sodium salts by filtering the blood, reabsorbing what is needed and excreting the rest as urine. A nephron eliminates wastes from the body, regulates blood volume and blood pressure, controls levels of electrolytes and metabolites, and regulates blood pH. Its functions are vital to life and are regulated by the endocrine system by hormones such as antidiuretic hormone, aldosterone, and parathyroid hormone.[WP]. + PMID:9268568 + Wikipedia:Nephron + + + + + Functional unit of the kidney that filters waste.[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0002153 + TAO + ZFIN:curator + + + + + In the avian kidney, three types of nephron are identified: mammalian-type nephrons with long and short loops of Henle, and reptilian type nephrons (Gambaryan, 1992) + GO + + + + + UMLS:C0027713 + ncithesaurus:Nephron + + + + + mature nephron + EMAPA:28491 + + + + + nephroneum + Wikipedia:Nephron + + + + + + tubulus renalis + Wikipedia:Nephron + + + + + + + + + + The portion of the renal tubule that constitutes the proximal part of the loop of Henle, has low permeability to ions and urea, and is highly permeable to water; it consists of an initial short thick segment lined by low simple cuboidal epithelium and a long thin segment lined by simple squamous epithelium; however, this distinction is not as important physiologically as in the ascending limb, so often the two are treated as one structure. + descending limb + EMAPA:35511 + FMA:17705 + MA:0001679 + NCIT:C32456 + SCTID:245350001 + UMLS:C0227657 + Wikipedia:Descending_limb_of_loop_of_henle + descending limb of Henle's loop + loop of Henle descending limb + uberon + UBERON:0001289 + + + + descending limb of loop of Henle + descending thin limb of loop of Henle + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/02/Gray1128.png + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:04:44.729305 + + + + + The portion of the renal tubule that constitutes the proximal part of the loop of Henle, has low permeability to ions and urea, and is highly permeable to water; it consists of an initial short thick segment lined by low simple cuboidal epithelium and a long thin segment lined by simple squamous epithelium; however, this distinction is not as important physiologically as in the ascending limb, so often the two are treated as one structure. + MGI:anna + MP:0011341 + + + + + UMLS:C0227657 + ncithesaurus:Descending_Limb_of_the_Henle_s_Loop + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The proximal straight tubule is the part of the descending limb that extends from the proximal convoluted tubule to the descending thin tubule. + TODO - is S3 exactly coincident with PST? todo - ensure relationships work across species (loop of Henle) + Portion of the renal tubule which is just posterior to the proximal convoluted tubule.[TAO] + UBERON:0005166 + BTO:0000055 + EMAPA:29661 + EMAPA:29669 + FMA:17716 + MA:0002614 + TAO:0005291 + Wikipedia:Proximal_straight_tubule + ZFA:0005291 + S3 + thick descending limb of proximal tubule + tubulus rectus proximalis + uberon + pars recta + pars recta tubuli renalis + proximal tubule segment 3 + segment 3 of proximal tubule + UBERON:0001290 + + + + proximal straight tubule + proximal straight tubule + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:04:49.725183 + + + + + The proximal straight tubule is the part of the descending limb that extends from the proximal convoluted tubule to the descending thin tubule. + GO:0072020 + + + + + Portion of the renal tubule which is just posterior to the proximal convoluted tubule.[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0005291 + TAO + ZFIN:curator + + + + + S3 + GO:0072020 + + + + + pars recta tubuli renalis + BTO:0000055 + + + + + proximal tubule segment 3 + MA:0002614 + + + + + segment 3 of proximal tubule + EMAPA:29661 + + + + + + + + + The distal sub-portion of the ascending loop of Henle which is lined by simple cuboidal epithelium and enters the renal cortex to empty a hypotonic filtrate into the distal convoluted tubule. + TODO - thick/thin check. Also - does the loop of Henle overlap the distal convoluted tubule? FMA divides DCT into straight and convoluted portions + EMAPA:28396 + EMAPA:29671 + EMAPA:35512 + FMA:17722 + MA:0001677 + SCTID:244953001 + Wikipedia:Thick_ascending_limb_of_loop_of_Henle + ascending thick limb + distal straight tubule + loop of Henle ascending limb thick segment + straight portion of distal convoluted renal tubule + straight portion of distal convoluted tubule + thick ascending limb + thick ascending limb of Henle's loop + thick ascending limb of distal tubule + tubulus rectus distalis + uberon + tubulus rectus distalis + UBERON:0001291 + + + + thick ascending limb of loop of Henle + thick ascending limb of loop of Henle + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/02/Gray1128.png + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:04:44.729314 + + + + + The distal sub-portion of the ascending loop of Henle which is lined by simple cuboidal epithelium and enters the renal cortex to empty a hypotonic filtrate into the distal convoluted tubule. + MGI:anna + MP:0011344 + + + + + distal straight tubule + MA:0001677 + + + + + loop of Henle ascending limb thick segment + MA:0001677 + + + + + straight portion of distal convoluted tubule + FMA:17722 + + + + + thick ascending limb of distal tubule + FMA:17722 + + + + + tubulus rectus distalis + FMA:17722 + + + + + tubulus rectus distalis + Wikipedia:Thick_ascending_limb_of_loop_of_Henle + + + + + + + + + + The first segment of the nephron lying just downstream from the loop of Henle, immediately after the macula densa. + a portion of kidney nephron between the loop of Henle and the collecting duct system[Wikipedia:Distal_convoluted_tubule]. + in humans it is responsible for the reabsorption of about 5% of filtered sodium via the thiazide-sensitive Na-Cl symporter. + EMAPA:28393 + EV:0100389 + FMA:17721 + MA:0001666 + NCIT:C32469 + SCTID:361336005 + UMLS:C0022676 + Wikipedia:Distal_convoluted_tubule + distal convoluted renal tubule + tubulus contortus distalis + uberon + second convoluted tubule + tubulus contortus distalis + tubulus convolutus distalis + UBERON:0001292 + + + + distal convoluted tubule + distal convoluted tubule + Kidney:nephron.png + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:04:44.729295 + + + + + The first segment of the nephron lying just downstream from the loop of Henle, immediately after the macula densa. + GO:0072025 + + + + + a portion of kidney nephron between the loop of Henle and the collecting duct system[Wikipedia:Distal_convoluted_tubule]. + Wikipedia:Distal_convoluted_tubule + + + + + UMLS:C0022676 + ncithesaurus:Distal_Convoluted_Tubule + + + + + tubulus contortus distalis + Wikipedia:Distal_convoluted_tubule + + + + + + tubulus convolutus distalis + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Innermost region of the mammalian kidney. + unique to mammals + BTO:0001745 + CALOHA:TS-0506 + EMAPA:28349 + FMA:17734 + MA:0001652 + inner renal medulla + inner zone of medulla of kidney + inner zone of renal medulla + renal inner medulla + set of inner region of renal pyramids + zona interna (medullaris renalis) + zona interna medullae renalis + uberon + kidney inner medulla + UBERON:0001294 + + + inner medulla of kidney + inner medulla of kidney + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:04:49.725435 + + + + + Innermost region of the mammalian kidney. + GO:0072053 + + + + + unique to mammals + GO:0072053 + + + + + renal inner medulla + BTO:0001745 + + + + + zona interna (medullaris renalis) + FMA:17734 + FMA:TA + + + + + + zona interna medullae renalis + FMA:17734 + FMA:TA + + + + + + kidney inner medulla + BTO:0001745 + + + + + + + + The glandular mucous membrane lining of the uterine cavity that is hormonally responsive during the estrous/menstrual cycle and during pregnancy. + The mucous membrane lining the uterus. [TFD][VHOG] + The maternal part of the placenta (of eutherian mammals) is the vascularized and glandular uterine lining, or endometrium.[well established][VHOG] + endometrial + Animals that have estrous cycles reabsorb the endometrium if conception does not occur during that cycle. Animals that have menstrual cycles shed the endometrium through menstruation instead + in FMA this is subdivided into basal and outer + BTO:0001422 + CALOHA:TS-0276 + EFO:0000980 + EMAPA:29917 + EV:0100115 + FMA:17742 + GAID:377 + MA:0000390 + MAT:0000319 + MESH:D004717 + MIAA:0000319 + NCIT:C12313 + SCTID:278867007 + UMLS:C0014180 + VHOG:0001285 + Wikipedia:Endometrium + tunica mucosa (endometrium) + tunica mucosa uteri + uterine endometrium + uberon + uterine mucosa + uterine mucous membrane + UBERON:0001295 + + + + + endometrium + endometrium + Illu:cervix.jpg + + + + + The glandular mucous membrane lining of the uterine cavity that is hormonally responsive during the estrous/menstrual cycle and during pregnancy. + MESH:A05.360.319.679.490 + MGI:smb + MP:0004896 + + + + + The mucous membrane lining the uterus. [TFD][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0001285 + VHOG + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Endometrium + + + + + The maternal part of the placenta (of eutherian mammals) is the vascularized and glandular uterine lining, or endometrium.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0001285 + VHOG + ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.144 + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + in FMA this is subdivided into basal and outer + FMA + + + + + UMLS:C0014180 + ncithesaurus:Endometrium + + + + + tunica mucosa (endometrium) + FMA:17742 + + + + + tunica mucosa uteri + Wikipedia:Endometrium + + + + + + uterine endometrium + BTO:0001422 + + + + + uterine mucous membrane + BTO:0001422 + + + + + + + + A spherical aggregation of cells in the ovary that contains a single oocyte[WP,modified]. + TODO - align subtypes based on staging, which is taxon-specific + Oocyte development of zebrafish has been divided into five stages based on morphological criteria and on physiological and biochemical events. Stage I follicles (less than 140 microns) are primary growth stage, stage II follicles (140-340 microns) are cortical alveolus stage, stage III (340-690 microns) are vitellogenesis, stage IV (690-730 microns) are oocyte maturation, and stage V follicles are matured egg. Selman et al, 1993.[TAO] + Examination of different vertebrate species shows that the adult gonad is remarkably similar in its morphology across different phylogenetic classes. Surprisingly, however, the cellular and molecular programs employed to create similar organs are not evolutionarily conserved.[uncertain][VHOG] + These structures are periodically initiated to grow and develop, culminating in ovulation of usually a single competent oocyte in humans. These eggs/ova are only developed once every menstrual cycle (e.g. once a month in humans) + The somatic cell component of the follicle produces hormones important for oocyte development and proper endocrine function + BTO:0000475 + CALOHA:TS-0726 + EMAPA:35627 + FMA:18640 + GAID:371 + MA:0001707 + MAT:0000449 + MESH:D006080 + NCIT:C33244 + SCTID:361111009 + TAO:0001110 + UMLS:C0018120 + VHOG:0001536 + Wikipedia:Ovarian_follicle + ZFA:0001110 + follicle of ovary + follicle of ovary viewed macroscopically + ovary follicle + uberon + egg follicle + folliculi ovarici primarii + folliculi ovarici vesiculosi + UBERON:0001305 + + + + + ovarian follicle + ovarian follicle + Primary:follicle-4.JPG + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ca/Human_ovarian_follicle.jpg + + + + + A spherical aggregation of cells in the ovary that contains a single oocyte[WP,modified]. + Wikipedia:Ovarian_follicle + http://www.repropedia.org/ovarian-follicle + + + + + Oocyte development of zebrafish has been divided into five stages based on morphological criteria and on physiological and biochemical events. Stage I follicles (less than 140 microns) are primary growth stage, stage II follicles (140-340 microns) are cortical alveolus stage, stage III (340-690 microns) are vitellogenesis, stage IV (690-730 microns) are oocyte maturation, and stage V follicles are matured egg. Selman et al, 1993.[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0001110 + TAO + ZFIN:curator + + + + + Examination of different vertebrate species shows that the adult gonad is remarkably similar in its morphology across different phylogenetic classes. Surprisingly, however, the cellular and molecular programs employed to create similar organs are not evolutionarily conserved.[uncertain][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0001536 + VHOG + DOI:10.1146/annurev.cellbio.042308.13350 DeFalco T, Capel B, Gonad morphogenesis in vertebrates: divergent means to a convergent end. Annual review of cell and developmental biology (2009) + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + UMLS:C0018120 + ncithesaurus:Ovarian_Follicle + + + + + follicle of ovary viewed macroscopically + FMA:18640 + + + + + ovary follicle + MA:0001707 + + + + + egg follicle + ZFA:0001110 + + + + + folliculi ovarici primarii + Wikipedia:Ovarian_follicle + + + + + + folliculi ovarici vesiculosi + Wikipedia:Ovarian_follicle + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A cluster of cells that project into the cavity of the mature ovarian follicle. It is released with the embedded oocyte during ovulation. In order for fertilization to occur this layer must be penetrated by the spermatocyte. [WP,modified]. + EMAPA:35267 + FMA:18659 + MA:0002414 + SCTID:258586009 + Wikipedia:Cumulus_oophorus + cumulus ovaricus + discus proligerus + ovarian cumulus + uberon + UBERON:0001306 + + + + cumulus oophorus + cumulus oophorus + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3a/Gray1164.png + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:12:08.259909 + + + + + A cluster of cells that project into the cavity of the mature ovarian follicle. It is released with the embedded oocyte during ovulation. In order for fertilization to occur this layer must be penetrated by the spermatocyte. [WP,modified]. + Wikipedia:Cumulus_oophorus + + + + + cumulus ovaricus + FMA:18659 + + + + + + ovarian cumulus + GO:0001550 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The external iliac artery is a large artery in the pelvic region that carries blood to the lower limb. The external iliac artery is a paired artery, meaning there is one on each side of the body: a right external iliac artery and left external iliac artery. The external iliac artery is accompanied by the external iliac vein, which is located posterior to the artery. [WP,unvetted]. + BTO:0004666 + EHDAA2:0000463 + EHDAA:4337 + EMAPA:17614 + FMA:18805 + MA:0001973 + NCIT:C32558 + OpenCyc:Mx4rvkh47pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA + SCTID:181352000 + UMLS:C0226398 + Wikipedia:External_iliac_artery + galen:ExternalIliacArtery + uberon + arteria iliaca externa + UBERON:0001308 + + + external iliac artery + external iliac artery + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3e/Gray539.png + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:28.519422 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.168252 + + + + + The external iliac artery is a large artery in the pelvic region that carries blood to the lower limb. The external iliac artery is a paired artery, meaning there is one on each side of the body: a right external iliac artery and left external iliac artery. The external iliac artery is accompanied by the external iliac vein, which is located posterior to the artery. [WP,unvetted]. + Wikipedia:External_iliac_artery + + + + + UMLS:C0226398 + ncithesaurus:External_Iliac_Artery + + + + + arteria iliaca externa + Wikipedia:External_iliac_artery + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The internal iliac artery (formerly known as the hypogastric artery) is the main artery of the pelvis. [WP,unvetted]. + BTO:0004667 + EMAPA:17860 + FMA:18808 + MA:0001974 + NCIT:C32845 + SCTID:181346001 + UMLS:C0226364 + Wikipedia:Internal_iliac_artery + galen:InternalIliacArtery + uberon + arteria iliaca interna + hypogastric artery + UBERON:0001309 + + + internal iliac artery + internal iliac artery + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d3/Iliac_artery_bifurcation.PNG + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:28.519593 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.166136 + + + + + The internal iliac artery (formerly known as the hypogastric artery) is the main artery of the pelvis. [WP,unvetted]. + Wikipedia:Internal_iliac_artery + + + + + UMLS:C0226364 + ncithesaurus:Internal_Iliac_Artery + + + + + arteria iliaca interna + Wikipedia:Internal_iliac_artery + + + + + + hypogastric artery + BTO:0004667 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The umbilical artery is a paired artery (with one for each half of the body) that is found in the abdominal and pelvic regions. In the fetus, it extends into the umbilical cord. [WP,unvetted]. + todo - compare with EHDAA2. Check embryonic vs extraembryonic, developmental relationships + BTO:0000841 + CALOHA:TS-1077 + EHDAA:1026 + EHDAA:410 + EMAPA:16331 + EMAPA:16372 + FMA:18820 + GAID:516 + MA:0002072 + MESH:D014469 + NCIT:C33827 + OpenCyc:Mx4rCWdhMGWbEd2AAABQjYGu0g + RETIRED_EHDAA2:0002106 + SCTID:261404000 + UMLS:C0041632 + Wikipedia:Umbilical_artery + uberon + a. umbilicalis + UBERON:0001310 + + + + umbilical artery + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/328 + umbilical artery + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ee/Gray502.png + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.166160 + + + + + The umbilical artery is a paired artery (with one for each half of the body) that is found in the abdominal and pelvic regions. In the fetus, it extends into the umbilical cord. [WP,unvetted]. + Wikipedia:Umbilical_artery + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/328 + + + + + UMLS:C0041632 + ncithesaurus:Umbilical_Artery + + + + + a. umbilicalis + Wikipedia:Umbilical_artery + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An artery that supplies blood to the lower urinary bladder. + EMAPA:37089 + FMA:18823 + MA:0002079 + NCIT:C52685 + SCTID:43210002 + UMLS:C0226377 + Wikipedia:Inferior_vesical_artery + arteria vesicali inferior + arteria vesicalis inferior + uberon + arteria vesicalis inferior + UBERON:0001311 + + + inferior vesical artery + inferior vesical artery + https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/13/Inferiorvesical.png + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.167849 + + + + + An artery that supplies blood to the lower urinary bladder. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + EMAPA:37089 + MA:th + + + + + UMLS:C0226377 + ncithesaurus:Inferior_Vesical_Artery + + + + + arteria vesicali inferior + Wikipedia:Inferior_vesical_artery + + + + + + arteria vesicalis inferior + Wikipedia:Inferior_vesical_artery + + + + + + arteria vesicalis inferior + Wikipedia:Inferior_vesical_artery + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An artery that supplies blood to the upper urinary bladder. + The first part of the superior vesical artery represents the terminal section of the previous portion of the umbilical artery (fetal hypogastric artery)[WP] + EMAPA:37123 + FMA:18839 + MA:0002080 + NCIT:C52686 + SCTID:113268007 + UMLS:C0226376 + Wikipedia:Superior_vesical_artery + arteria vesicali superior + arteria vesicalis superior + uberon + arteriae vesicales superiores + UBERON:0001312 + + + superior vesical artery + superior vesical artery + https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/02/Internal_iliac_branches.PNG + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.166347 + + + + + An artery that supplies blood to the upper urinary bladder. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + EMAPA:37123 + MA:th + + + + + UMLS:C0226376 + ncithesaurus:Superior_Vesical_Artery + + + + + arteria vesicali superior + Wikipedia:Superior_vesical_artery + + + + + + arteria vesicalis superior + Wikipedia:Superior_vesical_artery + + + + + + arteriae vesicales superiores + Wikipedia:Superior_vesical_artery + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The iliolumbar artery is a branch of the posterior trunk of the internal iliac artery. [WP,unvetted]. + EMAPA:37085 + FMA:18845 + MA:0001976 + NCIT:C52859 + SCTID:113267002 + UMLS:C0226367 + Wikipedia:Iliolumbar_artery + ilio-lumbar artery + uberon + arteria iliolumbalis + UBERON:0001313 + + + iliolumbar artery + iliolumbar artery + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bd/Gray585.png + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.167967 + + + + + The iliolumbar artery is a branch of the posterior trunk of the internal iliac artery. [WP,unvetted]. + Wikipedia:Iliolumbar_artery + + + + + EMAPA:37085 + MA:th + + + + + UMLS:C0226367 + ncithesaurus:Iliolumbar_Artery + + + + + arteria iliolumbalis + Wikipedia:Iliolumbar_artery + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The obturator artery passes antero-inferiorly (forwards and downwards) on the lateral wall of the pelvis, to the upper part of the obturator foramen, and, escaping from the pelvic cavity through the obturator canal, it divides into both an anterior and a posterior branch. [WP,unvetted]. + EMAPA:37671 + FMA:18865 + MA:0002008 + NCIT:C33190 + SCTID:244302006 + UMLS:C0226369 + Wikipedia:Obturator_artery + uberon + arteria obturatoria + UBERON:0001314 + + + obturator artery + obturator artery + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6f/Gray547.png + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.167409 + + + + + The obturator artery passes antero-inferiorly (forwards and downwards) on the lateral wall of the pelvis, to the upper part of the obturator foramen, and, escaping from the pelvic cavity through the obturator canal, it divides into both an anterior and a posterior branch. [WP,unvetted]. + Wikipedia:Obturator_artery + + + + + EMAPA:37671 + MA:th + + + + + UMLS:C0226369 + ncithesaurus:Obturator_Artery + + + + + arteria obturatoria + Wikipedia:Obturator_artery + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The superior gluteal artery (gluteal artery) is the largest branch of the internal iliac artery, and appears to be the continuation of the posterior division of that vessel. It is a short artery which runs backward between the lumbosacral trunk and the first sacral nerve, and, passing out of the pelvis above the upper border of the Piriformis, immediately divides into a superficial and a deep branch. Within the pelvis it gives off a few branches to the Iliacus, Piriformis, and Obturator internus, and just previous to quitting that cavity, a nutrient artery which enters the ilium. [WP,unvetted]. + EMAPA:37120 + FMA:18868 + MA:0002054 + NCIT:C32688 + SCTID:181354004 + UMLS:C0226371 + Wikipedia:Superior_gluteal_artery + arteria glutealis superior + uberon + arteria glutea superior + UBERON:0001315 + + + superior gluteal artery + superior gluteal artery + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3a/Gray1244.png + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.168368 + + + + + The superior gluteal artery (gluteal artery) is the largest branch of the internal iliac artery, and appears to be the continuation of the posterior division of that vessel. It is a short artery which runs backward between the lumbosacral trunk and the first sacral nerve, and, passing out of the pelvis above the upper border of the Piriformis, immediately divides into a superficial and a deep branch. Within the pelvis it gives off a few branches to the Iliacus, Piriformis, and Obturator internus, and just previous to quitting that cavity, a nutrient artery which enters the ilium. [WP,unvetted]. + Wikipedia:Superior_gluteal_artery + + + + + EMAPA:37120 + MA:th + + + + + UMLS:C0226371 + ncithesaurus:Gluteal_Artery + + + + + arteria glutea superior + Wikipedia:Superior_gluteal_artery + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A large vein that connects the femoral vein to the common iliac vein. Their origin is at the inferior margin of the inguinal ligaments and they terminate when they join the internal iliac veins (to form the common iliac veins). Both external iliac veins are accompanied along their course by external iliac arteries. [WP,modified]. + EHDAA2:0000464 + EMAPA:37144 + FMA:18883 + MA:0002144 + NCIT:C32560 + OpenCyc:Mx4rwQUYtZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA + SCTID:181400000 + UMLS:C0226761 + Wikipedia:External_iliac_vein + galen:ExternalIliacVein + uberon + vena iliaca externa + UBERON:0001316 + + + external iliac vein + external iliac vein + Iliac:veins.gif + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.165768 + + + + + A large vein that connects the femoral vein to the common iliac vein. Their origin is at the inferior margin of the inguinal ligaments and they terminate when they join the internal iliac veins (to form the common iliac veins). Both external iliac veins are accompanied along their course by external iliac arteries. [WP,modified]. + Wikipedia:External_iliac_vein + + + + + EMAPA:37144 + MA:th + + + + + UMLS:C0226761 + ncithesaurus:External_Iliac_Vein + + + + + vena iliaca externa + Wikipedia:External_iliac_vein + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A vein that begins near the upper part of the greater sciatic foramen, passes upward behind and slightly medial to the hypogastric artery and, at the brim of the pelvis, joins with the external iliac to form the common iliac vein. [WP,unvetted]. + EHDAA2:0000874 + EMAPA:37148 + FMA:18884 + MA:0002139 + MA:0002145 + NCIT:C32847 + SCTID:181399007 + UMLS:C0226764 + VHOG:0000749 + Wikipedia:Internal_iliac_vein + galen:InternalIliacVein + uberon + hypogastric vein + v. hypogastrica + v. iliaca interna + UBERON:0001317 + + + internal iliac vein + internal iliac vein + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cb/Internaliliacv.png + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.167904 + + + + + A vein that begins near the upper part of the greater sciatic foramen, passes upward behind and slightly medial to the hypogastric artery and, at the brim of the pelvis, joins with the external iliac to form the common iliac vein. [WP,unvetted]. + Wikipedia:Internal_iliac_vein + + + + + EMAPA:37148 + MA:th + + + + + UMLS:C0226764 + ncithesaurus:Internal_Iliac_Vein + + + + + hypogastric vein + MA:0002139 + Wikipedia:Internal_iliac_vein + + + + + v. hypogastrica + Wikipedia:Internal_iliac_vein + + + + + + v. iliaca interna + Wikipedia:Internal_iliac_vein + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + inferred from artery + EMAPA:37158 + FMA:18890 + MA:0002264 + uberon + UBERON:0001318 + + inferior vesical vein + inferior vesical vein + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.168300 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:48.278306 + + + + + EMAPA:37158 + MA:th + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + One the veins that drains the vaginal venous plexus, into the hypogastric veins. [WP,modified]. + EMAPA:37796 + FMA:18899 + MA:0002251 + SCTID:424336009 + vagina vein + vein of vagina + uberon + UBERON:0001319 + + + vaginal vein + vaginal vein + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d4/Gray589.png + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.168428 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:48.278488 + + + + + One the veins that drains the vaginal venous plexus, into the hypogastric veins. [WP,modified]. + Wikipedia:Vaginal_venous_plexus + + + + + EMAPA:37796 + MA:th + + + + + vagina vein + OBOL:automatic + + + + + vein of vagina + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The iliolumbar vein is the vena comitans of the iliolumbar artery. The obturator nerve crosses superficial to it. A single vein is found more commonly than a double vein. It drains vertebral segments four and five. It is closely related to the ascending lumbar vein. [WP,unvetted]. + EMAPA:37152 + FMA:18902 + MA:0002146 + NCIT:C53048 + SCTID:286793006 + UMLS:C0226760 + Wikipedia:Iliolumbar_vein + ilio-lumbar vein + uberon + vena iliolumbalis + UBERON:0001320 + + + iliolumbar vein + iliolumbar vein + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bd/Gray585.png + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.168026 + + + + + The iliolumbar vein is the vena comitans of the iliolumbar artery. The obturator nerve crosses superficial to it. A single vein is found more commonly than a double vein. It drains vertebral segments four and five. It is closely related to the ascending lumbar vein. [WP,unvetted]. + Wikipedia:Iliolumbar_vein + + + + + EMAPA:37152 + MA:th + + + + + UMLS:C0226760 + ncithesaurus:Iliolumbar_Vein + + + + + vena iliolumbalis + Wikipedia:Iliolumbar_vein + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The obturator vein begins in the upper portion of the adductor region of the thigh and enters the pelvis through the upper part of the obturator foramen, in the obturator canal. It runs backward and upward on the lateral wall of the pelvis below the obturator artery, and then passes between the ureter and the hypogastric artery, to end in the hypogastric vein. It has an anterior and posterior branch (similar to obturator artery). [WP,unvetted]. + EMAPA:37677 + FMA:18914 + MA:0002183 + NCIT:C53056 + SCTID:20146009 + UMLS:C0226776 + Wikipedia:Obturator_veins + uberon + UBERON:0001321 + + + obturator vein + obturator vein + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bd/Gray585.png + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.166866 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:48.278383 + + + + + The obturator vein begins in the upper portion of the adductor region of the thigh and enters the pelvis through the upper part of the obturator foramen, in the obturator canal. It runs backward and upward on the lateral wall of the pelvis below the obturator artery, and then passes between the ureter and the hypogastric artery, to end in the hypogastric vein. It has an anterior and posterior branch (similar to obturator artery). [WP,unvetted]. + Wikipedia:Obturator_veins + + + + + EMAPA:37677 + MA:th + + + + + UMLS:C0226776 + ncithesaurus:Obturator_Vein + + + + + + + + A large nerve that supplies nearly the whole of the skin of the leg, the muscles of the back of the thigh, and those of the leg and foot. It begins in the lower back and runs through the buttock and down the lower limb. + mouse sciatic nerve origins predominantly from the third lumbar (L3) and L4 spinal nerves, unlike the L4 and L5 in rats - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2700063/ + BIRNLEX:1133 + BTO:0001221 + CALOHA:TS-0899 + EFO:0001417 + EHDAA2:0001779 + EHDAA:5659 + EMAPA:18577 + FMA:19034 + GAID:852 + MA:0001172 + MESH:D012584 + NCIT:C52810 + OpenCyc:Mx4rv7MlDJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA + SCTID:181050003 + UMLS:C0036394 + VHOG:0000894 + Wikipedia:Sciatic_nerve + uberon + ischiadic nerve + ischiatic nerve + nervus ischiadicus + nervus sciaticus + UBERON:0001322 + + + + + sciatic nerve + sciatic nerve + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3a/Gray1244.png + + + + + A large nerve that supplies nearly the whole of the skin of the leg, the muscles of the back of the thigh, and those of the leg and foot. It begins in the lower back and runs through the buttock and down the lower limb. + Wikipedia:Sciatic_nerve + + + + + UMLS:C0036394 + BIRNLEX:1133 + + + + + UMLS:C0036394 + ncithesaurus:Sciatic_Nerve + + + + + ischiadic nerve + Wikipedia:Sciatic_nerve + + + + + ischiatic nerve + Wikipedia:Sciatic_nerve + + + + + nervus ischiadicus + BTO:0001221 + + + + + nervus ischiadicus + Wikipedia:Sciatic_nerve + + + + + + nervus sciaticus + BTO:0001221 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The pampiniform plexus is a network of many small veins found in the male spermatic cord. It is formed by the union of multiple spermatic veins from the back of the testis and tributaries from the epididymis. The veins of the plexus ascend along the cord in front of the ductus deferens. Below the subcutaneous inguinal ring they unite to form three or four veins, which pass along the inguinal canal, and, entering the abdomen through the abdominal inguinal ring, coalesce to form two veins. These again unite to form a single vein, the testicular vein, which opens on the right side into the inferior vena cava, at an acute angle, and on the left side into the left renal vein, at a right angle. The pampinoform plexus forms the chief mass of the cord. In addition to its function in venous return from the testes, the pampiniform plexus also plays a role in the temperature regulation of the testes. It acts as a heat exchanger, cooling blood in adjacent arteries. An abnormal enlargement of the pampiniform plexus is a medical condition called varicocele. [WP,unvetted]. + EMAPA:37385 + FMA:19607 + MA:0001866 + SCTID:279661001 + Wikipedia:Pampiniform_venous_plexus + pampiniform venous plexus + plexus of veins of fascia of prostate + plexus venosus pampiniformis + venous plexus of fascia of prostate + venous plexus of fascia of prostate gland + uberon + UBERON:0001330 + + + pampiniform plexus + pampiniform plexus + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/af/Gray1147.png + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.166615 + + + + + The pampiniform plexus is a network of many small veins found in the male spermatic cord. It is formed by the union of multiple spermatic veins from the back of the testis and tributaries from the epididymis. The veins of the plexus ascend along the cord in front of the ductus deferens. Below the subcutaneous inguinal ring they unite to form three or four veins, which pass along the inguinal canal, and, entering the abdomen through the abdominal inguinal ring, coalesce to form two veins. These again unite to form a single vein, the testicular vein, which opens on the right side into the inferior vena cava, at an acute angle, and on the left side into the left renal vein, at a right angle. The pampinoform plexus forms the chief mass of the cord. In addition to its function in venous return from the testes, the pampiniform plexus also plays a role in the temperature regulation of the testes. It acts as a heat exchanger, cooling blood in adjacent arteries. An abnormal enlargement of the pampiniform plexus is a medical condition called varicocele. [WP,unvetted]. + Wikipedia:Pampiniform_venous_plexus + + + + + EMAPA:37385 + MA:th + + + + + plexus venosus pampiniformis + FMA:19607 + FMA:TA + + + + + + + + + The widest and most dilatable part of the male urethra canal which runs almost vertically through the prostate from its base to its apex, lying nearer its anterior than its posterior surface; this portion of the urethral canal is spindle-shaped, being wider in the middle than at either extremity, and narrowest below, where it joins the membranous portion; it is lined by transitional epithelium and contains in its posterior wall, or floor, the orifices of the prostatic utricle, ejaculatory ducts, and prostatic ducts, collectively known as the seminal colliculus (aka verumontanum). + BTO:0003163 + EMAPA:30942 + FMA:19673 + MA:0002646 + NCIT:C13101 + SCTID:279434009 + UMLS:C0458450 + Wikipedia:Prostatic_urethra + male prostatic urethra + pars prostatica urethrae + prostatic part of male urethra + prostatic part of urethra + uberon + pars prostatica urethrae + UBERON:0001335 + + + + prostatic urethra + prostatic urethra + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d7/Gray1142.png + + + + + The widest and most dilatable part of the male urethra canal which runs almost vertically through the prostate from its base to its apex, lying nearer its anterior than its posterior surface; this portion of the urethral canal is spindle-shaped, being wider in the middle than at either extremity, and narrowest below, where it joins the membranous portion; it is lined by transitional epithelium and contains in its posterior wall, or floor, the orifices of the prostatic utricle, ejaculatory ducts, and prostatic ducts, collectively known as the seminal colliculus (aka verumontanum). + MGI:anna + MP:0011777 + + + + + UMLS:C0458450 + ncithesaurus:Prostatic_Portion_of_the_Male_Urethra + + + + + male prostatic urethra + MP:0011777 + + + + + pars prostatica urethrae + MP:0011777 + + + + + pars prostatica urethrae + Wikipedia:Prostatic_urethra + + + + + + prostatic part of male urethra + MP:0011777 + + + + + pars prostatica urethrae + BTO:0003163 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The Dorsal Artery of the Penis ascends between the crus penis and the pubic symphysis, and, piercing the inferior fascia of the urogenital diaphragm, passes between the two layers of the suspensory ligament of the penis, and runs forward on the dorsum of the penis to the glans, where it divides into two branches, which supply the glans and prepuce. On the penis, it lies between the dorsal nerve and deep dorsal vein, the former being on its lateral side. It supplies the integument and fibrous sheath of the corpus cavernosum penis, sending branches through the sheath to anastomose with the deep artery of the penis. [WP,unvetted]. + BTO:0005088 + EMAPA:37080 + FMA:19795 + MA:0001946 + SCTID:244294001 + Wikipedia:Dorsal_artery_of_penis + arteria dorsalis penis + dorsal penile artery + dorsal penis artery + uberon + dorsal artery of the penis + UBERON:0001340 + + + dorsal artery of penis + dorsal artery of penis + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f6/Gray1155.png + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:28.519475 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.166548 + + + + + The Dorsal Artery of the Penis ascends between the crus penis and the pubic symphysis, and, piercing the inferior fascia of the urogenital diaphragm, passes between the two layers of the suspensory ligament of the penis, and runs forward on the dorsum of the penis to the glans, where it divides into two branches, which supply the glans and prepuce. On the penis, it lies between the dorsal nerve and deep dorsal vein, the former being on its lateral side. It supplies the integument and fibrous sheath of the corpus cavernosum penis, sending branches through the sheath to anastomose with the deep artery of the penis. [WP,unvetted]. + Wikipedia:Dorsal_artery_of_penis + + + + + EMAPA:37080 + MA:th + + + + + arteria dorsalis penis + BTO:0005088 + + + + + dorsal penile artery + FMA:19795 + + + + + dorsal penis artery + MA:0001946 + + + + + dorsal artery of the penis + BTO:0005088 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The mesentery that suspends the ovary from the dorsal wall of the coelom[VHOG]. + Anatomical structure consisting of a membrane which suspends the ovaries from the mesial side of the kidney.[AAO] + The mesentery that suspends the ovary from the dorsal wall of the coelom. [Evolution, Fourth_Edition_(2006)_McGraw-Hill, Function, Vertebrates:_Comparative_Anatomy, p.560, see_Kardong_KV][VHOG] + AAO:0010531 + EMAPA:17961 + FMA:19815 + MA:0003236 + NCIT:C92440 + SCTID:279914000 + TAO:0000333 + UMLS:C0230310 + VHOG:0001566 + Wikipedia:Mesovarium + ZFA:0000333 + uberon + mesovarian ligament + UBERON:0001342 + + + + mesovarium + mesovarium + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e7/Gray1111.png + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:12:08.259872 + + + + + The mesentery that suspends the ovary from the dorsal wall of the coelom[VHOG]. + VHOG:0001566 + Wikipedia:Mesovarium + + + + + Anatomical structure consisting of a membrane which suspends the ovaries from the mesial side of the kidney.[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0010531 + AAO + AAO:BJB + + + + + The mesentery that suspends the ovary from the dorsal wall of the coelom. [Evolution, Fourth_Edition_(2006)_McGraw-Hill, Function, Vertebrates:_Comparative_Anatomy, p.560, see_Kardong_KV][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0001566 + VHOG + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + UMLS:C0230310 + ncithesaurus:Mesovarian_Ligament + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The artery that arises from the external iliac artery and anastomoses with the superior epigastric artery. + EMAPA:18751 + FMA:20686 + MA:0001978 + NCIT:C52861 + OpenCyc:Mx4rdBvQc6gOEdudWQACs5b6Bw + SCTID:244288009 + UMLS:C0226401 + Wikipedia:Inferior_epigastric_artery + uberon + arteria epigastrica inferior + UBERON:0001354 + + + inferior epigastric artery + inferior epigastric artery + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6f/Gray547.png + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:28.519576 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.168358 + + + + + The artery that arises from the external iliac artery and anastomoses with the superior epigastric artery. + Wikipedia:Inferior_epigastric_artery + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + UMLS:C0226401 + ncithesaurus:Inferior_Epigastric_Artery + + + + + arteria epigastrica inferior + Wikipedia:Inferior_epigastric_artery + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The profunda femoris artery (also known as the deep femoral artery, or the deep artery of the thigh) is a branch of the femoral artery that, as its name suggests, travels more deeply (posteriorly) than the rest of the femoral artery. [WP,unvetted]. + EMAPA:37216 + FMA:20741 + MA:0002027 + NCIT:C32436 + SCTID:181348000 + UMLS:C0226455 + Wikipedia:Deep_femoral_artery + arteria profunda femoris + profunda femoris artery + uberon + UBERON:0001355 + + + deep femoral artery + deep femoral artery + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8b/Gray548.png + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.165932 + + + + + The profunda femoris artery (also known as the deep femoral artery, or the deep artery of the thigh) is a branch of the femoral artery that, as its name suggests, travels more deeply (posteriorly) than the rest of the femoral artery. [WP,unvetted]. + Wikipedia:Deep_femoral_artery + + + + + EMAPA:37216 + MA:th + + + + + UMLS:C0226455 + ncithesaurus:Deep_Femoral_Artery + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The medial circumflex femoral artery (internal circumflex artery, medial femoral circumflex artery) is an artery in the upper thigh that helps supply blood to the neck of the femur. [WP,unvetted]. + EMAPA:37670 + FMA:20799 + MA:0001996 + SCTID:244326008 + Wikipedia:Medial_circumflex_femoral_artery + medial femoral circumflex artery + uberon + arteria circumflexa femoris medialis + UBERON:0001356 + + + medial circumflex femoral artery + medial circumflex femoral artery + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c5/Circumflex_femoral_arteries.png + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:28.519266 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.168271 + + + + + The medial circumflex femoral artery (internal circumflex artery, medial femoral circumflex artery) is an artery in the upper thigh that helps supply blood to the neck of the femur. [WP,unvetted]. + Wikipedia:Medial_circumflex_femoral_artery + + + + + EMAPA:37670 + MA:th + + + + + arteria circumflexa femoris medialis + Wikipedia:Medial_circumflex_femoral_artery + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The inferior rectal artery (inferior hemorrhoidal artery) is an artery that supplies blood to the lower half of the anal canal. [WP,unvetted]. + EMAPA:37087 + FMA:20824 + MA:0001979 + NCIT:C52938 + SCTID:244304007 + UMLS:C0226393 + Wikipedia:Inferior_rectal_artery + uberon + arteria haemorrhoidalis inferior + arteria rectalis inferior + inferior haemorrhoidal artery + inferior hemorrhoidal arteries + inferior hemorrhoidal artery + inferior hemorrhoidal branches + inferior hemorrhoidal vessels + inferior rectal arteries + UBERON:0001357 + + + inferior rectal artery + inferior rectal artery + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6d/Gray542.png + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.168311 + + + + + The inferior rectal artery (inferior hemorrhoidal artery) is an artery that supplies blood to the lower half of the anal canal. [WP,unvetted]. + Wikipedia:Inferior_rectal_artery + + + + + EMAPA:37087 + MA:th + + + + + UMLS:C0226393 + ncithesaurus:Inferior_Rectal_Artery + + + + + arteria haemorrhoidalis inferior + Wikipedia:Inferior_rectal_artery + + + + + + arteria rectalis inferior + Wikipedia:Inferior_rectal_artery + + + + + + inferior haemorrhoidal artery + Wikipedia:Inferior_rectal_artery + + + + + inferior hemorrhoidal arteries + Wikipedia:Inferior_rectal_artery + + + + + inferior hemorrhoidal artery + Wikipedia:Inferior_rectal_artery + + + + + inferior hemorrhoidal branches + Wikipedia:Inferior_rectal_artery + + + + + inferior hemorrhoidal vessels + Wikipedia:Inferior_rectal_artery + + + + + inferior rectal arteries + Wikipedia:Inferior_rectal_artery + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The perineal artery (superficial perineal artery) arises from the internal pudendal artery, and turns upward, crossing either over or under the Transversus perinæi superficialis, and runs forward, parallel to the pubic arch, in the interspace between the Bulbocavernosus and Ischiocavernosus, both of which it supplies, and finally divides into several posterior scrotal branches which are distributed to the skin and dartos tunic of the scrotum. As it crosses the Transversus perinæi superficialis it gives off the transverse perineal artery which runs transversely on the cutaneous surface of the muscle, and anastomoses with the corresponding vessel of the opposite side and with the perineal and inferior hemorrhoidal arteries. It supplies the Transversus perinæi superficialis and the structures between the anus and the urethral bulb. [WP,unvetted]. + EMAPA:37107 + FMA:20836 + MA:0002017 + NCIT:C52994 + SCTID:244303001 + UMLS:C0226394 + Wikipedia:Perineal_artery + superficial perineal artery + uberon + arteria perinei + UBERON:0001358 + + + perineal artery + perineal artery + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6d/Gray542.png + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:28.519774 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.168174 + + + + + The perineal artery (superficial perineal artery) arises from the internal pudendal artery, and turns upward, crossing either over or under the Transversus perinæi superficialis, and runs forward, parallel to the pubic arch, in the interspace between the Bulbocavernosus and Ischiocavernosus, both of which it supplies, and finally divides into several posterior scrotal branches which are distributed to the skin and dartos tunic of the scrotum. As it crosses the Transversus perinæi superficialis it gives off the transverse perineal artery which runs transversely on the cutaneous surface of the muscle, and anastomoses with the corresponding vessel of the opposite side and with the perineal and inferior hemorrhoidal arteries. It supplies the Transversus perinæi superficialis and the structures between the anus and the urethral bulb. [WP,unvetted]. + Wikipedia:Perineal_artery + + + + + EMAPA:37107 + MA:th + + + + + UMLS:C0226394 + ncithesaurus:Perineal_Artery + + + + + superficial perineal artery + Wikipedia:Perineal_artery + + + + + arteria perinei + Wikipedia:Perineal_artery + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A vein that corresponds to the deep circumflex iliac artery and empties near or in a common trunk with the inferior epigastric vein into the external iliac vein; deep circumflex iliac vein. + EMAPA:37511 + FMA:21182 + MA:0002099 + SCTID:11653007 + Wikipedia:Deep_circumflex_iliac_vein + circumflex iliac vein + deep iliac circumflex vein + iliac circumflex vein + vena circumflexa iliaca profunda + uberon + vena circumflexa ilium profunda + UBERON:0001360 + + + deep circumflex iliac vein + deep circumflex iliac vein + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bd/Gray585.png + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.168259 + + + + + A vein that corresponds to the deep circumflex iliac artery and empties near or in a common trunk with the inferior epigastric vein into the external iliac vein; deep circumflex iliac vein. + http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/circumflex+iliac+vein + + + + + EMAPA:37511 + MA:th + + + + + vena circumflexa ilium profunda + Wikipedia:Deep_circumflex_iliac_vein + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + In the human body, the femoral vein is a blood vessel that accompanies the femoral artery in the femoral sheath. It begins at the adductor canal (also known as Hunter's canal) and is a continuation of the popliteal vein. It ends at the inferior margin of the inguinal ligament, where it becomes the external iliac vein. [WP,unvetted]. + Either of the primary veins in the hindlimbs which collect blood from the hindlimb region.[AAO] + AAO:0010237 + EMAPA:17876 + FMA:21185 + GAID:533 + MA:0002118 + MESH:D005268 + NCIT:C12716 + OpenCyc:Mx4rwFXTLJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA + SCTID:362071002 + UMLS:C0015809 + Wikipedia:Femoral_vein + galen:FemoralVein + uberon + vena femoralis + UBERON:0001361 + + + femoral vein + femoral vein + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.165717 + + + + + In the human body, the femoral vein is a blood vessel that accompanies the femoral artery in the femoral sheath. It begins at the adductor canal (also known as Hunter's canal) and is a continuation of the popliteal vein. It ends at the inferior margin of the inguinal ligament, where it becomes the external iliac vein. [WP,unvetted]. + Wikipedia:Femoral_vein + + + + + Either of the primary veins in the hindlimbs which collect blood from the hindlimb region.[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0010237 + AAO + AAO:BJB + + + + + UMLS:C0015809 + ncithesaurus:Femoral_Vein + + + + + vena femoralis + Wikipedia:Femoral_vein + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + EMAPA:37179 + FMA:21246 + MA:0002193 + SCTID:312507009 + uberon + UBERON:0001362 + + perineal vein + perineal vein + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.167910 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:48.278482 + + + + + EMAPA:37179 + MA:th + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The great saphenous vein (GSV), also greater saphenous vein, is the large (subcutaneous) superficial vein of the leg and thigh. The terms 'safaina' (Greek) and 'el safin' (Arabic) have both been claimed as the origin for the word 'saphenous'. [WP,unvetted]. + BTO:0003271 + EMAPA:37147 + FMA:21376 + MA:0002216 + NCIT:C33004 + SCTID:181402008 + UMLS:C0392907 + Wikipedia:Great_saphenous_vein + galen:GreatSaphenousVein + galen:GreaterSaphenousVein + greater saphenous vein + uberon + large saphenous vein + long saphenous vein + vena saphena magna + UBERON:0001363 + + + great saphenous vein + great saphenous vein + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/51/Great_saphenous_vein.png + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.166882 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:48.278300 + + + + + The great saphenous vein (GSV), also greater saphenous vein, is the large (subcutaneous) superficial vein of the leg and thigh. The terms 'safaina' (Greek) and 'el safin' (Arabic) have both been claimed as the origin for the word 'saphenous'. [WP,unvetted]. + Wikipedia:Great_saphenous_vein + + + + + EMAPA:37147 + MA:th + + + + + UMLS:C0392907 + ncithesaurus:Long_Saphenous_Vein + + + + + large saphenous vein + BTO:0003271 + + + + + vena saphena magna + Wikipedia:Great_saphenous_vein + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The Sphincter ani externus (external anal sphincter) is a flat plane of muscular fibers, elliptical in shape and intimately adherent to the integument surrounding the margin of the anus. [WP,unvetted]. + EMAPA:18265 + FMA:21930 + MA:0001531 + NCIT:C32548 + SCTID:244969008 + UMLS:C0224395 + Wikipedia:Sphincter_ani_externus_muscle + external sphincter ani + musculus sphincter ani externus + uberon + sphincter ani externus + UBERON:0001367 + + + + external anal sphincter + external anal sphincter + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/75/Anorectum.gif + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:07:23.862287 + + + + + The Sphincter ani externus (external anal sphincter) is a flat plane of muscular fibers, elliptical in shape and intimately adherent to the integument surrounding the margin of the anus. [WP,unvetted]. + Wikipedia:Sphincter_ani_externus_muscle + + + + + UMLS:C0224395 + ncithesaurus:External_Anal_Sphincter + + + + + sphincter ani externus + + + + + + + + + The part of the cerebral cortex that receives projections from the motor thalamus and which projects to motor neurons in the brainstem and spinal cord. The motor cortex corresponds to Brodmann's area 4 (MM). The primary motor cortex, or M1, is located on the precentral gyrus and on the anterior paracentral lobule on the medial surface of the brain. Of the three motor cortex areas, stimulation of the primary motor cortex requires the least amount of electrical current to elicit a movement. http://neuroscience.uth.tmc.edu/s3/chapter03.html. + TODO - in MA this is asserted to be part_of BOTH frontal and parietal cortex. in ABA these are disjoint. FMA makes no commitment beyond cerebral cortex. Wikipedia says frontal lobe. Check if species difference or difference in definition. Removed relationship: part_of UBERON:0001872 parietal lobe + The part of the cerebral cortex that receives projections from the motor thalamus and which projects to motor neurons in the brainstem and spinal cord. The motor cortex corresponds to Brodmann's area 4 (MM). The primary motor cortex, or M1, is located on the precentral gyrus and on the anterior paracentral lobule on the medial surface of the brain. Of the three motor cortex areas, stimulation of the primary motor cortex requires the least amount of electrical current to elicit a movement. http://neuroscience.uth.tmc.edu/s3/chapter03.html + the area of the frontal lobe that is involved with integration of voluntary movements and with speech.[MP] + BAMS:M1 + BAMS:MO + BAMS:MOp + BM:Tel-Cx-M1 + BTO:0004348 + DHBA:10162 + EFO:0002472 + EMAPA:35704 + FMA:224854 + MA:0000907 + MBA:985 + MESH:A08.186.211.730.885.213.270.548 + NCIT:C97339 + NLX:143555 + SCTID:11931008 + UMLS:C0026607 + Wikipedia:Primary_motor_cortex + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1910 + motor cortex + uberon + Rolando's area + excitable area + gyrus precentralis + motor area + prefrontal gyrus + primary motor area + somatic motor areas + somatomotor areas + UBERON:0001384 + + + + + primary motor cortex + Primary motor cortex + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/eb/Ba4.png + + + + + The part of the cerebral cortex that receives projections from the motor thalamus and which projects to motor neurons in the brainstem and spinal cord. The motor cortex corresponds to Brodmann's area 4 (MM). The primary motor cortex, or M1, is located on the precentral gyrus and on the anterior paracentral lobule on the medial surface of the brain. Of the three motor cortex areas, stimulation of the primary motor cortex requires the least amount of electrical current to elicit a movement. http://neuroscience.uth.tmc.edu/s3/chapter03.html. + NLX:143555 + + + + + The part of the cerebral cortex that receives projections from the motor thalamus and which projects to motor neurons in the brainstem and spinal cord. The motor cortex corresponds to Brodmann's area 4 (MM). The primary motor cortex, or M1, is located on the precentral gyrus and on the anterior paracentral lobule on the medial surface of the brain. Of the three motor cortex areas, stimulation of the primary motor cortex requires the least amount of electrical current to elicit a movement. http://neuroscience.uth.tmc.edu/s3/chapter03.html + NLX:143555 + + + + + the area of the frontal lobe that is involved with integration of voluntary movements and with speech.[MP] + 2012-08-31 + MP:0000800 + MP + MGI:csmith + + + + + UMLS:C0026607 + ncithesaurus:Primary_Motor_Cortex + + + + + motor cortex + FMA:224854 + + + + + Rolando's area + BTO:0004348 + + + + + excitable area + BTO:0004348 + + + + + gyrus precentralis + Wikipedia:Primary_motor_cortex + + + + + + motor area + BTO:0004348 + + + + + prefrontal gyrus + MP:0000798 + Wikipedia:Primary_motor_cortex + + + + + primary motor area + BAMS:MOp + + + + + somatic motor areas + BAMS:MO + + + + + somatomotor areas + BAMS:MO + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The sural arteries (inferior muscular arteries) are two large branches, which are distributed to the Gastrocnemius, Soleus, and Plantaris. The term applies to any of four or five arteries arising from the popliteal artery, with distribution to the muscles and integument of the calf, and with anastomoses to the posterior tibial, medial and lateral inferior genicular arteries. [WP,unvetted]. + TODO - check NCITA class + EMAPA:37125 + FMA:22570 + MA:0002058 + NCIT:C52734 + SCTID:302693002 + UMLS:C0226464 + Wikipedia:Sural_artery + uberon + UBERON:0001390 + + + sural artery + sural artery + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/60/Gray551.png + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.165711 + + + + + The sural arteries (inferior muscular arteries) are two large branches, which are distributed to the Gastrocnemius, Soleus, and Plantaris. The term applies to any of four or five arteries arising from the popliteal artery, with distribution to the muscles and integument of the calf, and with anastomoses to the posterior tibial, medial and lateral inferior genicular arteries. [WP,unvetted]. + Wikipedia:Sural_artery + + + + + EMAPA:37125 + MA:th + + + + + UMLS:C0226464 + ncithesaurus:External_Sural_Artery + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Artery that supplies the axilla. + In human anatomy, the axillary artery is a large blood vessel that conveys oxygenated blood to the lateral aspect of the thorax, the axilla (armpit) and the upper limb. Its origin is at the lateral margin of the first rib, before which it is called the subclavian artery. After passing the lower margin of teres major it becomes the brachial artery. + EMAPA:18749 + FMA:22654 + GAID:473 + MA:0002573 + MESH:D001366 + NCIT:C32169 + OpenCyc:Mx4rwRh-vZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA + SCTID:181321001 + UMLS:C0004455 + Wikipedia:Axillary_artery + galen:AxillaryArtery + arteria axillaris + axillary part of subclavian artery + axillary part of trunk of subclavian artery + uberon + UBERON:0001394 + + + axillary artery + axillary artery + Axillary:limits.PNG + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.166952 + + + + + Artery that supplies the axilla. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + UMLS:C0004455 + ncithesaurus:Axillary_Artery + + + + + arteria axillaris + Wikipedia:Axillary_artery + + + + + + axillary part of subclavian artery + FMA:22654 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The thoracoacromial artery (acromiothoracic artery; thoracic axis) is a short trunk, which arises from the forepart of the axillary artery, its origin being generally overlapped by the upper edge of the Pectoralis minor. [WP,unvetted]. + EMAPA:37128 + FMA:22671 + MA:0002064 + NCIT:C32046 + SCTID:244315002 + UMLS:C0226420 + Wikipedia:Thoraco-acromial_artery + acromiothoracic artery + thoracoacromial artery + uberon + UBERON:0001395 + + + thoraco-acromial artery + thoraco-acromial artery + Axillary:branches.PNG + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.165976 + + + + + The thoracoacromial artery (acromiothoracic artery; thoracic axis) is a short trunk, which arises from the forepart of the axillary artery, its origin being generally overlapped by the upper edge of the Pectoralis minor. [WP,unvetted]. + Wikipedia:Thoraco-acromial_artery + + + + + EMAPA:37128 + MA:th + + + + + UMLS:C0226420 + ncithesaurus:Acromial_Thoracic_Artery + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A blood vessel that supplies oxygenated blood to the lateral structures of the thorax and breast. It originates from the axillary artery and follows the lower border of the Pectoralis minor muscle to the side of the chest, supplies the serratus ventralis muscle and the Pectoralis major muscle, and sends branches across the axilla to the axillary lymph nodes and Subscapularis muscle. It anastomoses with the internal thoracic artery, subscapular, and intercostal arteries, and with the pectoral branch of the thoracoacromial artery. In the female it supplies an external mammary branch which turns round the free edge of the Pectoralis major and supplies the breasts. [WP,unvetted]. + EMAPA:37095 + FMA:22674 + MA:0001989 + NCIT:C52951 + SCTID:206135006 + UMLS:C0226421 + Wikipedia:Lateral_thoracic_artery + external mammary artery + uberon + arteria thoracalis lateralis + UBERON:0001396 + + + lateral thoracic artery + lateral thoracic artery + Axillary:branches.PNG + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.168004 + + + + + A blood vessel that supplies oxygenated blood to the lateral structures of the thorax and breast. It originates from the axillary artery and follows the lower border of the Pectoralis minor muscle to the side of the chest, supplies the serratus ventralis muscle and the Pectoralis major muscle, and sends branches across the axilla to the axillary lymph nodes and Subscapularis muscle. It anastomoses with the internal thoracic artery, subscapular, and intercostal arteries, and with the pectoral branch of the thoracoacromial artery. In the female it supplies an external mammary branch which turns round the free edge of the Pectoralis major and supplies the breasts. [WP,unvetted]. + Wikipedia:Lateral_thoracic_artery + + + + + EMAPA:37095 + MA:th + + + + + UMLS:C0226421 + ncithesaurus:Lateral_Thoracic_Artery + + + + + arteria thoracalis lateralis + Wikipedia:Lateral_thoracic_artery + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The subscapular artery, the largest branch of the axillary artery, arises at the lower border of the Subscapularis, which it follows to the inferior angle of the scapula, where it anastomoses with the lateral thoracic and intercostal arteries and with the descending branch of the transverse cervical, and ends in the neighboring muscles. About 4 cm. from its origin it gives off two branches, first the scapular circumflex artery and then the thoracodorsal artery. [WP,unvetted]. + EMAPA:37116 + FMA:22677 + MA:0002050 + NCIT:C33650 + SCTID:244311006 + UMLS:C0226422 + Wikipedia:Subscapular_artery + uberon + arteria subscapularis + UBERON:0001397 + + + subscapular artery + subscapular artery + Axillary:branches.PNG + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.166685 + + + + + The subscapular artery, the largest branch of the axillary artery, arises at the lower border of the Subscapularis, which it follows to the inferior angle of the scapula, where it anastomoses with the lateral thoracic and intercostal arteries and with the descending branch of the transverse cervical, and ends in the neighboring muscles. About 4 cm. from its origin it gives off two branches, first the scapular circumflex artery and then the thoracodorsal artery. [WP,unvetted]. + Wikipedia:Subscapular_artery + + + + + EMAPA:37116 + MA:th + + + + + UMLS:C0226422 + ncithesaurus:Subscapular_Artery + + + + + arteria subscapularis + Wikipedia:Subscapular_artery + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The brachial artery is the major blood vessel of the (upper) arm. It is the continuation of the axillary artery beyond the lower margin of teres major muscle. It continues down the ventral surface of the arm until it reaches the cubital fossa at the elbow. It then divides into the radial and ulnar arteries which run down the forearm. In some individuals, the bifurcation occurs much earlier and the ulnar and radial arteries extend through the upper arm. The pulse of the brachial artery is palpable on the anterior aspect of the elbow, medial to the tendon of the biceps, and, with the use of a stethoscope and sphygmomanometer (blood pressure cuff) often used to measure the blood pressure. The brachial artery is closely related to the median nerve; in proximal regions, the median nerve is immediately lateral to the brachial artery. Distally, the median nerve crosses the medial side of the brachial artery and lies anterior to the elbow joint. [WP,unvetted]. + Part of the subclavian artery which supplies blood to the forelimb.[AAO] + AAO:0010504 + EFO:0004231 + FMA:22689 + GAID:475 + MA:0001921 + MESH:D001916 + NCIT:C12681 + OpenCyc:Mx4rwM-i5JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA + SCTID:181322008 + UMLS:C0006087 + Wikipedia:Brachial_artery + galen:BrachialArtery + brachial part of trunk of subclavian artery + uberon + arteria brachialis + UBERON:0001398 + + + + brachial artery + brachial artery + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7d/Gray525.png + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.166771 + + + + + The brachial artery is the major blood vessel of the (upper) arm. It is the continuation of the axillary artery beyond the lower margin of teres major muscle. It continues down the ventral surface of the arm until it reaches the cubital fossa at the elbow. It then divides into the radial and ulnar arteries which run down the forearm. In some individuals, the bifurcation occurs much earlier and the ulnar and radial arteries extend through the upper arm. The pulse of the brachial artery is palpable on the anterior aspect of the elbow, medial to the tendon of the biceps, and, with the use of a stethoscope and sphygmomanometer (blood pressure cuff) often used to measure the blood pressure. The brachial artery is closely related to the median nerve; in proximal regions, the median nerve is immediately lateral to the brachial artery. Distally, the median nerve crosses the medial side of the brachial artery and lies anterior to the elbow joint. [WP,unvetted]. + Wikipedia:Brachial_artery + + + + + Part of the subclavian artery which supplies blood to the forelimb.[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0010504 + AAO + AAO:BJB + + + + + UMLS:C0006087 + ncithesaurus:Brachial_Artery + + + + + arteria brachialis + Wikipedia:Brachial_artery + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The arteria profunda brachii (also known as deep artery of the arm and the deep brachial artery) is a large vessel which arises from the medial and back part of the brachial, just below the lower border of the Teres major. [WP,unvetted]. + EMAPA:37215 + FMA:22695 + MA:0002026 + SCTID:41065002 + Wikipedia:Deep_brachial_artery + arteria profunda brachii + profunda brachii artery + uberon + UBERON:0001399 + + + deep brachial artery + deep brachial artery + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/92/Gray526.png + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.165723 + + + + + The arteria profunda brachii (also known as deep artery of the arm and the deep brachial artery) is a large vessel which arises from the medial and back part of the brachial, just below the lower border of the Teres major. [WP,unvetted]. + Wikipedia:Deep_brachial_artery + + + + + EMAPA:37215 + MA:th + + + + + arteria profunda brachii + FMA:22695 + FMA:TA + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Branch of the brachial artery beginning below the elbow and extending down the forearm around the wrist and into the palm. + EMAPA:37112 + FMA:22730 + GAID:506 + MA:0002034 + MESH:D017534 + NCIT:C12838 + OpenCyc:Mx4rvxzeR5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA + SCTID:181332001 + UMLS:C0162857 + Wikipedia:Radial_artery + galen:RadialArtery + uberon + arteria radialis + UBERON:0001404 + + + radial artery + radial artery + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a9/Gray1237.svg + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.166455 + + + + + Branch of the brachial artery beginning below the elbow and extending down the forearm around the wrist and into the palm. + https://www.vocabulary.com/dictionary/arteria%20radialis + + + + + EMAPA:37112 + MA:th + + + + + UMLS:C0162857 + ncithesaurus:Radial_Artery + + + + + arteria radialis + Wikipedia:Radial_artery + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The ulnar artery is the main blood vessel, with oxygenated blood, of the medial aspect of the forearm. It arises from the brachial artery and terminates in the superficial palmar arch, which joins with the superficial branch of the radial artery. It is palpable on the anterior and medial aspect of the wrist. Along its course, it is accompanied by a similarly named vein or veins, the ulnar vein or ulnar veins. The ulnar artery, the larger of the two terminal branches of the brachial, begins a little below the bend of the elbow in the cubital fossa, and, passing obliquely downward, reaches the ulnar side of the forearm at a point about midway between the elbow and the wrist. It then runs along the ulnar border to the wrist, crosses the transverse carpal ligament on the radial side of the pisiform bone, and immediately beyond this bone divides into two branches, which enter into the formation of the superficial and deep volar arches. [WP,unvetted]. + EMAPA:37675 + FMA:22796 + GAID:515 + MA:0002069 + MESH:D017535 + NCIT:C12839 + OpenCyc:Mx4rwAF2PJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA + SCTID:181333006 + UMLS:C0162858 + Wikipedia:Ulnar_artery + galen:UlnarArtery + arteria ulnaris + uberon + UBERON:0001406 + + + ulnar artery + ulnar artery + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a9/Gray1237.svg + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.167458 + + + + + The ulnar artery is the main blood vessel, with oxygenated blood, of the medial aspect of the forearm. It arises from the brachial artery and terminates in the superficial palmar arch, which joins with the superficial branch of the radial artery. It is palpable on the anterior and medial aspect of the wrist. Along its course, it is accompanied by a similarly named vein or veins, the ulnar vein or ulnar veins. The ulnar artery, the larger of the two terminal branches of the brachial, begins a little below the bend of the elbow in the cubital fossa, and, passing obliquely downward, reaches the ulnar side of the forearm at a point about midway between the elbow and the wrist. It then runs along the ulnar border to the wrist, crosses the transverse carpal ligament on the radial side of the pisiform bone, and immediately beyond this bone divides into two branches, which enter into the formation of the superficial and deep volar arches. [WP,unvetted]. + Wikipedia:Ulnar_artery + + + + + EMAPA:37675 + MA:th + + + + + UMLS:C0162858 + ncithesaurus:Ulnar_Artery + + + + + arteria ulnaris + Wikipedia:Ulnar_artery + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Three common palmar digital arteries arise from the convexity of the superficial palmar arch and proceed distally on the second, third, and fourth lumbricales muscles. + the MA term, even though plural, represents the singular, as it is an isa child of artery + EMAPA:37207 + FMA:22852 + MA:0001957 + NCIT:C52744 + SCTID:38396009 + UMLS:C0226446 + Wikipedia:Common_palmar_digital_artery + common palmar digital arteries + uberon + UBERON:0001410 + + + common palmar digital artery + common palmar digital artery + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.168089 + + + + + Three common palmar digital arteries arise from the convexity of the superficial palmar arch and proceed distally on the second, third, and fourth lumbricales muscles. + Wikipedia:Common_palmar_digital_artery + + + + + the MA term, even though plural, represents the singular, as it is an isa child of artery + MA + + + + + EMAPA:37207 + MA:th + + + + + UMLS:C0226446 + ncithesaurus:Common_Palmar_Digital_Artery + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A superficial vein of the upper limb that drain parts of manus and forearm. + It originates on the medial (ulnar) side of the dorsal venous network of the manus, and it travels up the base of the forearm and arm. Most of its course is superficial; it generally travels in the subcutaneous fat and other fasciae that lie superficial to the muscles of the upper extremity. Because of this, it is usually visible through the skin. Near the region anterior to the cubital fossa, in the bend of the elbow joint, the basilic vein usually connects with the other large superficial vein of the upper extremity, the cephalic vein, via the median cubital vein. The layout of superficial veins in the forearm is highly variable from person to person, and there are generally a variety of other unnamed superficial veins that the basilic vein communicates with. About halfway up the arm proper (the part between the shoulder and elbow), the basilic vein goes deep, travelling under the muscles. There, around the lower border of the teres major muscle, the anterior and posterior circumflex humeral veins feed into it, just before it joins the brachial veins to form the axillary vein. Along with other superficial veins in the forearm, the basilic vein is a possible site for venipuncture. + EMAPA:37439 + FMA:22908 + MA:0002086 + NCIT:C32197 + OpenCyc:Mx4rvwrxEpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA + SCTID:181393008 + UMLS:C0226801 + Wikipedia:Basilic_vein + galen:BasilicVein + basilic vein of forearm + vena basilica antebrachii + uberon + UBERON:0001411 + + + basilic vein + basilic vein + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e9/Gray576.png + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.165883 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:48.278364 + + + + + A superficial vein of the upper limb that drain parts of manus and forearm. + Wikipedia:Basilic_vein + + + + + It originates on the medial (ulnar) side of the dorsal venous network of the manus, and it travels up the base of the forearm and arm. Most of its course is superficial; it generally travels in the subcutaneous fat and other fasciae that lie superficial to the muscles of the upper extremity. Because of this, it is usually visible through the skin. Near the region anterior to the cubital fossa, in the bend of the elbow joint, the basilic vein usually connects with the other large superficial vein of the upper extremity, the cephalic vein, via the median cubital vein. The layout of superficial veins in the forearm is highly variable from person to person, and there are generally a variety of other unnamed superficial veins that the basilic vein communicates with. About halfway up the arm proper (the part between the shoulder and elbow), the basilic vein goes deep, travelling under the muscles. There, around the lower border of the teres major muscle, the anterior and posterior circumflex humeral veins feed into it, just before it joins the brachial veins to form the axillary vein. Along with other superficial veins in the forearm, the basilic vein is a possible site for venipuncture. + WP,unvetted + + + + + EMAPA:37439 + MA:th + + + + + UMLS:C0226801 + ncithesaurus:Basilic_Vein + + + + + vena basilica antebrachii + FMA:22908 + FMA:TA + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + EMAPA:37222 + FMA:22923 + MA:0002121 + proximal palmar digital vein + uberon + UBERON:0001412 + Some sources distinguish between the "proper palmar digital veins", which are more distal, and the "common palmar digital veins", which are more proximal. + + common palmar digital vein + common palmar digital vein + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.166695 + + + + + EMAPA:37222 + MA:th + + + + + proximal palmar digital vein + Wikipedia:Palmar_digital_veins + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A vein that accompanies the brachial artery between the shoulder and the elbow. + Vein which collects blood from the forelimb and drains into the subclavian vein.[AAO] + AAO:0010512 + EMAPA:37445 + FMA:22934 + MA:0002087 + NCIT:C12883 + OpenCyc:Mx4rwS3In5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA + SCTID:181390006 + UMLS:C0226812 + Wikipedia:Brachial_vein + galen:BrachialVein + uberon + UBERON:0001413 + + + brachial vein + brachial vein + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e9/Gray576.png + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.168326 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:48.278347 + + + + + A vein that accompanies the brachial artery between the shoulder and the elbow. + UBERON:cjm + + + + + Vein which collects blood from the forelimb and drains into the subclavian vein.[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0010512 + AAO + AAO:BJB + + + + + EMAPA:37445 + MA:th + + + + + UMLS:C0226812 + ncithesaurus:Brachial_Vein + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A vein between the biceps and pronator radii teres muscles that unites with the common ulnar vein to form the basilic vein within the forearm. + Merged median cubital and basilic veins on basis of wikipedia synonym - needs verificied + EMAPA:37173 + FMA:22963 + MA:0002176 + NCIT:C33070 + OpenCyc:Mx4rvzQSYZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA + SCTID:181392003 + SCTID:368496000 + UMLS:C0226807 + Wikipedia:Median_cubital_vein + median cubital vein + uberon + medial antecubital vein + median cubital + vena mediana cubiti + UBERON:0001414 + + + median basilic vein + median basilic vein + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/ba/Gray574.png + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:17.745641 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.166920 + + + + + A vein between the biceps and pronator radii teres muscles that unites with the common ulnar vein to form the basilic vein within the forearm. + ncithesaurus:Median_Basilic_Vein + + + + + EMAPA:37173 + MA:th + + + + + median cubital vein + MA:0002176 + Wikipedia:Median_cubital_vein + + + + + medial antecubital vein + Wikipedia:Median_cubital_vein + + + + + median cubital + Wikipedia:Median_cubital_vein + + + + + vena mediana cubiti + Wikipedia:Median_cubital_vein + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A vein formed by the confluence of the thoracodorsal and circumflex scapular veins and accompanying the subscapular artery to drain into the axillary vein. + EMAPA:37190 + FMA:23113 + MA:0002224 + vena subscapularis + uberon + UBERON:0001420 + + subscapular vein + subscapular vein + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.166861 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:48.278472 + + + + + A vein formed by the confluence of the thoracodorsal and circumflex scapular veins and accompanying the subscapular artery to drain into the axillary vein. + http://www.medilexicon.com/medicaldictionary.php?t=97509 + + + + + EMAPA:37190 + MA:th + + + + + vena subscapularis + + + + + + + + + A segment of the hindlimb that corresponds to the joint connecting a hindlimb stylopod and zeugopod. + BTO:0003595 + CALOHA:TS-2220 + EHDAA2:0000895 + EHDAA:5159 + EHDAA:6184 + EMAPA:17493 + FMA:24974 + GAID:48 + MA:0000046 + MESH:D007717 + OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjPKZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA + SCTID:361291001 + VHOG:0000347 + galen:Knee + knee region + uberon + UBERON:0001465 + + + + + knee + knee + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8d/Male_Knee_by_David_Shankbone.jpg + + + + + A segment of the hindlimb that corresponds to the joint connecting a hindlimb stylopod and zeugopod. + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + + + + A vessel that contains or conveys lymph, that originates as an interfibrillar or intercellular cleft or space in a tissue or organ, and that if small has no distinct walls or walls composed only of endothelial cells and if large resembles a vein in structure[BTO]. + + A network of blunt ended vessels lacking direct connection to the blood vascular system. These vessels collect and drain fluids and macromolecules from interstitial spaces throughout the animal. They derive from a subpopulation of endothelial cells and have walls that are much thinner than the blood carrying vessels. Lymphatic vessels are usually classified as either superficial or deep.[TAO] + A vessel that contains or conveys lymph.[AAO] + Tetrapods have evolved distinct lymphatic systems, in which lymphatic capillaries help drain most of the tissues of the body.[well established][VHOG] + AAO:0011005 + BTO:0000752 + CALOHA:TS-2102 + EFO:0000873 + EMAPA:35532 + FMA:30315 + MA:0000138 + MAT:0000443 + NCIT:C33038 + OpenCyc:Mx4rwA1fYZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA + SCTID:279089004 + TAO:0005105 + UMLS:C0229889 + VHOG:0001249 + Wikipedia:Lymphatic_vessel + XAO:0000375 + lymph vessel + uberon + vas lymphaticum + UBERON:0001473 + + + + + + lymphatic vessel + lymphatic vessel + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/44/Illu_lymph_capillary.jpg + + + + + A vessel that contains or conveys lymph, that originates as an interfibrillar or intercellular cleft or space in a tissue or organ, and that if small has no distinct walls or walls composed only of endothelial cells and if large resembles a vein in structure[BTO]. + BTO:0000752 + Wikipedia:Lymphatic_vessel + + + + + + DOI:10.1152/japplphysiol.00201.2013 + + + + + A network of blunt ended vessels lacking direct connection to the blood vascular system. These vessels collect and drain fluids and macromolecules from interstitial spaces throughout the animal. They derive from a subpopulation of endothelial cells and have walls that are much thinner than the blood carrying vessels. Lymphatic vessels are usually classified as either superficial or deep.[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0005105 + TAO + ZFIN:curator + + + + + A vessel that contains or conveys lymph.[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0011005 + AAO + AAO:EJS + + + + + Tetrapods have evolved distinct lymphatic systems, in which lymphatic capillaries help drain most of the tissues of the body.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0001249 + VHOG + ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.627 + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + UMLS:C0229889 + ncithesaurus:Lymphatic_Vessel + + + + + vas lymphaticum + Wikipedia:Lymphatic_vessel + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The knee joint joins the thigh with the leg and consists of two articulations: one between the femur and tibia, and one between the femur and patella. It is the largest and most complicated joint in the human body. The knee is a mobile trocho-ginglymus (i.e. a pivotal hinge joint), which permits flexion and extension as well as a slight medial and lateral rotation[WP,unvetted]. + EFO:0001957 + EMAPA:19137 + FMA:35175 + GAID:114 + MA:0000471 + MESH:D007719 + NCIT:C32898 + OpenCyc:Mx4rwCuaYZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA + SCTID:182204005 + UMLS:C0022745 + VHOG:0001003 + Wikipedia:Knee + galen:KneeJoint + joint of knee + uberon + articulatio genus + UBERON:0001485 + + + + + knee joint + knee joint + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ca/Knee.agr.jpg + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:05:57.371513 + + + + + The knee joint joins the thigh with the leg and consists of two articulations: one between the femur and tibia, and one between the femur and patella. It is the largest and most complicated joint in the human body. The knee is a mobile trocho-ginglymus (i.e. a pivotal hinge joint), which permits flexion and extension as well as a slight medial and lateral rotation[WP,unvetted]. + Wikipedia:Knee + + + + + UMLS:C0022745 + ncithesaurus:Knee_Joint + + + + + joint of knee + OBOL:automatic + + + + + articulatio genus + Wikipedia:Knee + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A nerve that supplies the upper limb, including the triceps brachii muscle of the arm, as well as all 12 muscles in the posterior osteofascial compartment of the forearm, as well as the associated joints and overlying skin. + EHDAA2:0001584 + EHDAA:5650 + EMAPA:17278 + FMA:37069 + GAID:845 + MA:0001171 + MESH:D011826 + NCIT:C52812 + OpenCyc:Mx4rvfk7E5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA + SCTID:181011002 + UMLS:C0034518 + VHOG:0000896 + Wikipedia:Radial_nerve + uberon + nervus radialis + UBERON:0001492 + + + radial nerve + radial nerve + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e2/Gray818.png + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:13:49.327413 + + + + + A nerve that supplies the upper limb, including the triceps brachii muscle of the arm, as well as all 12 muscles in the posterior osteofascial compartment of the forearm, as well as the associated joints and overlying skin. + Wikipedia:Radial_nerve + + + + + UMLS:C0034518 + ncithesaurus:Radial_Nerve + + + + + nervus radialis + Wikipedia:Radial_nerve + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The axillary nerve is a nerve of the human body, that comes off the posterior cord of the brachial plexus at the level of the axilla (armpit) and carries nerve fibers from C5 and C6. The axillary nerve travels through the quadrangular space with the posterior circumflex humeral artery and vein. [WP,unvetted]. + EMAPA:18802 + FMA:37072 + MA:0001166 + NCIT:C52817 + OpenCyc:Mx4rvgwMfpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA + SCTID:181009006 + UMLS:C0228885 + Wikipedia:Axillary_nerve + circumflex humeral nerve + uberon + auxillery nerve + circumflex nerve + nervus axillaris + UBERON:0001493 + + + axillary nerve + axillary nerve + Brachial:plexus.jpg + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ea/Brachial_plexus_2.svg + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:13:49.327406 + + + + + The axillary nerve is a nerve of the human body, that comes off the posterior cord of the brachial plexus at the level of the axilla (armpit) and carries nerve fibers from C5 and C6. The axillary nerve travels through the quadrangular space with the posterior circumflex humeral artery and vein. [WP,unvetted]. + Wikipedia:Axillary_nerve + + + + + UMLS:C0228885 + ncithesaurus:Axillary_Nerve + + + + + auxillery nerve + Wikipedia:Axillary_nerve + + + + + circumflex nerve + Wikipedia:Axillary_nerve + + + + + nervus axillaris + Wikipedia:Axillary_nerve + + + + + nervus axillaris + Wikipedia:Axillary_nerve + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A nerve which runs near the ulna bone. + UBERON:0005668 + EHDAA2:0002099 + EHDAA:5652 + EMAPA:17279 + FMA:37319 + GAID:846 + MA:0001174 + MESH:D014459 + NCIT:C52807 + SCTID:181012009 + UMLS:C0041602 + VHOG:0000922 + Wikipedia:Ulnar_nerve + uberon + nervus ulnaris + UBERON:0001494 + + + ulnar nerve + ulnar nerve + Brachial:plexus.jpg + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ea/Brachial_plexus_2.svg + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:13:49.327409 + + + + + A nerve which runs near the ulna bone. + Wikipedia:Ulnar_nerve + + + + + UMLS:C0041602 + ncithesaurus:Ulnar_Nerve + + + + + nervus ulnaris + Wikipedia:Ulnar_nerve + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The ascending aorta is the portion of the aorta in a two-pass circulatory system that lies between the heart and the arch of aorta[GO]. A portion of the aorta commencing at the upper part of the base of the left ventricle, on a level with the lower border of the third costal cartilage behind the left half of the sternum; it passes obliquely upward, forward, and to the right, in the direction of the heart's axis, as high as the upper border of the second right costal cartilage, describing a slight curve in its course, and being situated, about 6 cm behind the posterior surface of the sternum. The total length is about 5 cm in length [Wikipedia]. + EHDAA2:0000147 + EHDAA:9828 + EMAPA:17014 + FMA:3736 + MA:0002570 + NCIT:C32150 + OpenCyc:Mx4rwVFqO5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA + SCTID:181299009 + UMLS:C0003956 + Wikipedia:Ascending_aorta + ascending thoracic aorta + pars ascendens aortae + uberon + aorta ascendens + pars ascendens aortae + UBERON:0001496 + + + + ascending aorta + ascending aorta + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e6/Gray506.svg + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:28.519803 + + + + + The ascending aorta is the portion of the aorta in a two-pass circulatory system that lies between the heart and the arch of aorta[GO]. A portion of the aorta commencing at the upper part of the base of the left ventricle, on a level with the lower border of the third costal cartilage behind the left half of the sternum; it passes obliquely upward, forward, and to the right, in the direction of the heart's axis, as high as the upper border of the second right costal cartilage, describing a slight curve in its course, and being situated, about 6 cm behind the posterior surface of the sternum. The total length is about 5 cm in length [Wikipedia]. + GO:0035905 + Wikipedia:Ascending_aorta + + + + + UMLS:C0003956 + ncithesaurus:Ascending_Aorta + + + + + ascending thoracic aorta + EMAPA:17014 + + + + + aorta ascendens + Wikipedia:Ascending_aorta + + + + + + pars ascendens aortae + Wikipedia:Ascending_aorta + + + + + + + + + The convex portion of the aorta between the ascending and descending parts of the aorta; branches from it include the brachiocephalic trunk, the left common carotid artery, and the left subclavian artery; the brachiocephalic trunk further splits to form the right subclavian artery and the right common carotid artery. + Do not confuse with aortic arch + The curving portion between the ascending aorta and the descending aorta, giving rise to the brachiocephalic trunk, the left common carotid artery, and the left subclavian artery. [TFD][VHOG] + The double systemic arch arches (left and right) present in amphibians and reptiles become reduced to a single systemic arch - the right in birds, the left in mammals.[well established][VHOG] + birds have right aortic arch, mammals left. + BTO:0000157 + EFO:0002526 + EHDAA2:0000132 + EMAPA:17613 + FMA:3768 + GAID:471 + MA:0000475 + SCTID:181300001 + VHOG:0001196 + Wikipedia:Arch_of_aorta + arcus aortae + uberon + aortic arch + thoracic aorta + UBERON:0001508 + + + + arch of aorta + arch of aorta + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e6/Gray506.svg + + + + + The convex portion of the aorta between the ascending and descending parts of the aorta; branches from it include the brachiocephalic trunk, the left common carotid artery, and the left subclavian artery; the brachiocephalic trunk further splits to form the right subclavian artery and the right common carotid artery. + ISBN:0-683-40008-8 + MP:0004113 + + + + + The curving portion between the ascending aorta and the descending aorta, giving rise to the brachiocephalic trunk, the left common carotid artery, and the left subclavian artery. [TFD][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0001196 + VHOG + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/arch+of+aorta + + + + + The double systemic arch arches (left and right) present in amphibians and reptiles become reduced to a single systemic arch - the right in birds, the left in mammals.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0001196 + VHOG + ISBN:978-0072528305 Kardong KV, Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy, Function, Evolution (2006) p.460 and p.461 Figure 12.20 + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + arcus aortae + FMA:3768 + FMA:TA + + + + + + aortic arch + FMA:3768 + + + + + thoracic aorta + GAID:471 + + + + + + + + The descending aorta is the portion of the aorta in a two-pass circulatory system from the arch of aorta to the point where it divides into the common iliac arteries[GO]. The descending aorta is part of the aorta, the largest artery in the body. The descending aorta is the part of the aorta beginning at the aortic arch that runs down through the chest and abdomen. The descending aorta is divided into two portions, the thoracic and abdominal, in correspondence with the two great cavities of the trunk in which it is situated. Within the abdomen, the descending aorta branches into the two common iliac arteries which serve the legs. [WP,unvetted]. + results from fusion of left and right dorsal aortae + EMAPA:18606 + FMA:3784 + MA:0002571 + NCIT:C32455 + OpenCyc:Mx4rv4EE35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA + SCTID:261399002 + UMLS:C0011666 + Wikipedia:Descending_aorta + pars descendens aortae + uberon + aorta descendens + pars descendens aortae + UBERON:0001514 + + + + descending aorta + descending aorta + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e6/Gray506.svg + + + + + The descending aorta is the portion of the aorta in a two-pass circulatory system from the arch of aorta to the point where it divides into the common iliac arteries[GO]. The descending aorta is part of the aorta, the largest artery in the body. The descending aorta is the part of the aorta beginning at the aortic arch that runs down through the chest and abdomen. The descending aorta is divided into two portions, the thoracic and abdominal, in correspondence with the two great cavities of the trunk in which it is situated. Within the abdomen, the descending aorta branches into the two common iliac arteries which serve the legs. [WP,unvetted]. + GO:0035906 + Wikipedia:Descending_aorta + + + + + UMLS:C0011666 + ncithesaurus:Descending_Aorta + + + + + pars descendens aortae + FMA:3784 + + + + + aorta descendens + Wikipedia:Descending_aorta + + + + + aorta descendens + Wikipedia:Descending_aorta + + + + + + pars descendens aortae + Wikipedia:Descending_aorta + + + + + + + + + Abdominal part of aorta: the distal part of the descending aorta, which is the continuation of the thoracic part and gives rise to the inferior phrenic, lumbar, median sacral, superior and inferior mesenteric, middle suprarenal, renal, and testicular or ovarian arteries, and celiac trunk[BTO]. The abdominal aorta is the largest artery in the abdominal cavity. As part of the aorta, it is a direct continuation of descending aorta(of the thorax). [WP,unvetted]. + Many of the branches of the abdominal aorta in mammals may be branches of the dorsal aorta in other vertebrates + BTO:0002976 + EFO:0002524 + EMAPA:17856 + FMA:3789 + GAID:470 + MA:0000474 + MESH:D001012 + NCIT:C32038 + OpenCyc:Mx4rvYhWCZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA + SCTID:244231007 + UMLS:C0003484 + Wikipedia:Abdominal_aorta + galen:AbdominalAorta + abdominal part of aorta + descending abdominal aorta + pars abdominalis aortae + uberon + abdominal part of aorta + aorta abdominalis + pars abdominalis aortae + UBERON:0001516 + + + + + abdominal aorta + abdominal aorta + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/af/Gray531.png + + + + + Abdominal part of aorta: the distal part of the descending aorta, which is the continuation of the thoracic part and gives rise to the inferior phrenic, lumbar, median sacral, superior and inferior mesenteric, middle suprarenal, renal, and testicular or ovarian arteries, and celiac trunk[BTO]. The abdominal aorta is the largest artery in the abdominal cavity. As part of the aorta, it is a direct continuation of descending aorta(of the thorax). [WP,unvetted]. + BTO:0002976 + Wikipedia:Abdominal_aorta + + + + + UMLS:C0003484 + ncithesaurus:Abdominal_Aorta + + + + + abdominal part of aorta + FMA:3789 + + + + + descending abdominal aorta + FMA:3789 + + + + + pars abdominalis aortae + FMA:3789 + + + + + abdominal part of aorta + BTO:0002976 + + + + + aorta abdominalis + BTO:0002976 + + + + + aorta abdominalis + Wikipedia:Abdominal_aorta + + + + + + pars abdominalis aortae + BTO:0002976 + + + + + pars abdominalis aortae + Wikipedia:Abdominal_aorta + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The short first aortic arch branch and divides into the right subclavian artery and the right common carotid artery. + innominate + EFO:0002550 + EHDAA2:0000835 + EMAPA:17615 + FMA:3932 + GAID:476 + MA:0001922 + MESH:D016122 + NCIT:C32814 + OpenCyc:Mx4rv9mMTpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA + SCTID:244244002 + UMLS:C0006094 + Wikipedia:Brachiocephalic_artery + galen:BrachioCephalicArtery + brachiocephalic trunk + innominate artery + truncus brachiocephalicus + uberon + truncus brachiocephalicus + UBERON:0001529 + + + + + brachiocephalic artery + brachiocephalic artery + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e6/Gray506.svg + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.166577 + + + + + The short first aortic arch branch and divides into the right subclavian artery and the right common carotid artery. + MGI:csmith + MP:0010663 + + + + + innominate + Wikipedia:Brachiocephalic_artery + + + + + UMLS:C0006094 + ncithesaurus:Innominate_Artery + + + + + brachiocephalic trunk + MA:0001922 + + + + + innominate artery + Wikipedia:Brachiocephalic_artery + + + + + truncus brachiocephalicus + FMA:3932 + FMA:TA + + + + + + truncus brachiocephalicus + Wikipedia:Brachiocephalic_artery + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A bilaterally paired branched artery that originates from the aortic arches and divides into and includes as parts the internal and external carotid arteries[cjm]. + we follow the FMA and treat the artery as a tree-structure - here we include the internal and external as parts. For the part that excludes the branches, see 'trunk of common carotid artery' + This class represents the adult and developing structures' + in birds and reptiles, develops from arch III and parts of ventral and dorsal aortae + carotid artery + CALOHA:TS-0116 + EHDAA2:0000217 + EHDAA:7331 + EMAPA:17855 + FMA:3939 + GAID:479 + MA:0001926 + MESH:D017536 + NCIT:C32352 + SCTID:362041005 + UMLS:C0162859 + VHOG:0000272 + Wikipedia:Common_carotid_artery + carotid artery system + common carotid artery + trunk of common carotid tree + uberon + a. carotis communis + UBERON:0001530 + + + + common carotid artery plus branches + common carotid artery plus branches + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e6/Gray506.svg + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.165896 + + + + + A bilaterally paired branched artery that originates from the aortic arches and divides into and includes as parts the internal and external carotid arteries[cjm]. + Wikipedia:Common_carotid_artery + + + + + carotid artery + FMA:3939 + + + + + UMLS:C0162859 + ncithesaurus:Common_Carotid_Artery + + + + + carotid artery system + EHDAA2:0000217 + + + + + common carotid artery + FMA:3939 + + + + + + trunk of common carotid tree + FMA:3939 + + + + + a. carotis communis + Wikipedia:Common_carotid_artery + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The rightmost of the two common carotid arteries, originating from in the neck from the brachiocephalic trunk. + placement of the MA class here is not strictly correct, as the MA class does not include the branches + EMAPA:35749 + FMA:3941 + MA:0001928 + NCIT:C33473 + OpenCyc:Mx4rtW9-AqgEEdudWQACs5b6Bw + OpenCyc:Mx8Ngh4rvgHsHZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycB4rvg7rcJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA + SCTID:362042003 + UMLS:C0226086 + Wikipedia:Right_common_carotid_artery + right common carotid artery + trunk of right common carotid tree + uberon + right common carotid artery + UBERON:0001531 + + + right common carotid artery plus branches + right common carotid artery plus branches + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e6/Gray506.svg + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.166465 + + + + + The rightmost of the two common carotid arteries, originating from in the neck from the brachiocephalic trunk. + UBERON:cjm + + + + + UMLS:C0226086 + ncithesaurus:Right_Common_Carotid_Artery + + + + + right common carotid artery + MA:0001928 + + + + + trunk of right common carotid tree + FMA:3941 + + + + + right common carotid artery + FMA:3941 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A terminal branch of the left or right common carotid artery which supplies oxygenated blood to the brain and eyes[MP]. + Each of two arteries starting at the bifurcation of the common carotid arteries through which blood circulates to many structures and organs in the head. [TFD][VHOG] + One of the major arteries of the head, it is the as the cranial continuation of the aortic arches and the dorsal aorta. It curves ventrally before resuming a dorsal course as it enters the head proper, and it lies ventral to the internal jugular vein. The internal carotid artery gives off palatine, ophthalmic, and cerebral branches by stage NF stage 41.[AAO] + AAO:0010219 + AAO:0011054 + BTO:0004697 + EFO:0001952 + EHDAA2:0000873 + EHDAA:408 + EHDAA:6389 + EMAPA:16328 + FMA:3947 + GAID:481 + MA:0001930 + MESH:D002343 + NCIT:C32836 + OpenCyc:Mx4rvYx8KZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA + SCTID:362045001 + TAO:0005081 + UMLS:C0007276 + VHOG:0000267 + Wikipedia:Internal_carotid_artery + XAO:0000366 + ZFA:0005081 + cranial carotid artery + internal carotid + uberon + ICA + arteria carotis interna + UBERON:0001532 + + + + + + internal carotid artery + internal carotid artery + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9c/Gray513.png + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:28.519417 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.166828 + + + + + A terminal branch of the left or right common carotid artery which supplies oxygenated blood to the brain and eyes[MP]. + MGI:anna + + + + + Each of two arteries starting at the bifurcation of the common carotid arteries through which blood circulates to many structures and organs in the head. [TFD][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000267 + VHOG + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Internal+carotid+artery + + + + + One of the major arteries of the head, it is the as the cranial continuation of the aortic arches and the dorsal aorta. It curves ventrally before resuming a dorsal course as it enters the head proper, and it lies ventral to the internal jugular vein. The internal carotid artery gives off palatine, ophthalmic, and cerebral branches by stage NF stage 41.[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0011054 + AAO + PMID:12606281 + + + + + UMLS:C0007276 + ncithesaurus:Internal_Carotid_Artery + + + + + cranial carotid artery + ZFA:0005081 + + + + + internal carotid + AAO:0010219 + + + + + ICA + + + + + + arteria carotis interna + Wikipedia:Internal_carotid_artery + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + One of two laterally paired arteries that supplies the pectoral appendages, usually branching from the dorsal aorta. + Developmental relationships should be added (intersegmental artery and right dorsal aorta in EHDAA2, occipitovertebral artery in XAO) + Artery which supplies blood via branches to the various muscles of the shoulder region and to the forelimb.[AAO] + In human anatomy, the subclavian artery is a major artery of the upper thorax that mainly supplies blood to the head and arms. It is located below the clavicle, hence the name. There is a left subclavian and a right subclavian. On the left side of the body, the subclavian comes directly off the arch of aorta. On the right side of the body, the subclavian arises from the relatively short brachiocephalic artery (trunk) when it bifurcates into the subclavian and the right common carotid artery. The usual branches of the subclavian on both sides of the body are the vertebral artery, the internal thoracic artery, the thyrocervical trunk, the costocervical trunk and the dorsal scapular artery. The subclavian becomes the axillary artery at the lateral border of the first rib[WP] + The pectoral (subclavian) arteries originate from the dorsal aorta and takes the blood outward into the fin from the paired portion of the dorsal aorta posterior to the last aortic arch. Kimmel et al. 1993[TAO] + AAO:0010232 + EHDAA2:0001933 + EHDAA:4357 + EMAPA:17617 + FMA:3951 + GAID:511 + MA:0002045 + MESH:D013348 + NCIT:C33643 + OpenCyc:Mx4rvp8u1JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA + SCTID:265790007 + TAO:0005086 + UMLS:C0038530 + Wikipedia:Subclavian_artery + XAO:0000365 + ZFA:0005086 + arteria subclavia + arterial tree of upper limb + pectoral artery + subclavian arterial tree + uberon + PA + arteria subclavia + UBERON:0001533 + + + + + + subclavian artery + subclavian artery + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e6/Gray506.svg + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.167871 + + + + + One of two laterally paired arteries that supplies the pectoral appendages, usually branching from the dorsal aorta. + ISBN:0073040584 + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + Artery which supplies blood via branches to the various muscles of the shoulder region and to the forelimb.[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0010232 + AAO + AAO:BJB + + + + + In human anatomy, the subclavian artery is a major artery of the upper thorax that mainly supplies blood to the head and arms. It is located below the clavicle, hence the name. There is a left subclavian and a right subclavian. On the left side of the body, the subclavian comes directly off the arch of aorta. On the right side of the body, the subclavian arises from the relatively short brachiocephalic artery (trunk) when it bifurcates into the subclavian and the right common carotid artery. The usual branches of the subclavian on both sides of the body are the vertebral artery, the internal thoracic artery, the thyrocervical trunk, the costocervical trunk and the dorsal scapular artery. The subclavian becomes the axillary artery at the lateral border of the first rib[WP] + Wikipedia:Subclavian_artery + + + + + The pectoral (subclavian) arteries originate from the dorsal aorta and takes the blood outward into the fin from the paired portion of the dorsal aorta posterior to the last aortic arch. Kimmel et al. 1993[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0005086 + TAO + ZFIN:curator + + + + + UMLS:C0038530 + ncithesaurus:Subclavian_Artery + + + + + arteria subclavia + XAO:0000365 + + + + + + PA + + + + + + arteria subclavia + Wikipedia:Subclavian_artery + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The subclavian artery that supplies the right pectoral appendage. + in humans, arises from the relatively short brachiocephalic artery (trunk) when it bifurcates into the subclavian and the right common carotid artery + proximal part arises from right 4th aortic arch in humans + EHDAA2:0004514 + EMAPA:37384 + FMA:3953 + MA:0002047 + NCIT:C33490 + OpenCyc:Mx4rtW7hwqgEEdudWQACs5b6Bw + OpenCyc:Mx8Ngh4rvgHsHZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycB4rvp8u1JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA + SCTID:244246000 + UMLS:C0226261 + Wikipedia:Subclavian_artery + arteria subclavia dextra + uberon + UBERON:0001534 + + + + right subclavian artery + right subclavian artery + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e6/Gray506.svg + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.168331 + + + + + The subclavian artery that supplies the right pectoral appendage. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + EMAPA:37384 + MA:th + + + + + UMLS:C0226261 + ncithesaurus:Right_Subclavian_Artery + + + + + arteria subclavia dextra + FMA:3953 + FMA:TA + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The first branch of the left and right subclavian arteries that merge to form the single midline basilar artery; branches of the vertebral arteries supply the musculature of the neck. + EHDAA2:0002192 + EHDAA:5328 + EMAPA:17314 + FMA:3956 + GAID:518 + MA:0002077 + MESH:D014711 + NCIT:C12819 + OpenCyc:Mx4rvg_ir5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA + SCTID:181323003 + TAO:0005033 + UMLS:C0042559 + VHOG:0000263 + Wikipedia:Vertebral_artery + ZFA:0005033 + uberon + arteria vertebralis + vertebral arteries + UBERON:0001535 + + + + The two vertebral arteries and the basilar artery are sometimes together called the vertebrobasilar system, which supplies blood to the posterior part of circle of Willis and anastomoses with blood supplied to the anterior part of the circle of Willis from the carotid arteries. [WP,unvetted] + + vertebral artery + vertebral artery + Vertebral:artery.png + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:28.519531 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.168179 + + + + + The first branch of the left and right subclavian arteries that merge to form the single midline basilar artery; branches of the vertebral arteries supply the musculature of the neck. + ISBN:0-683-40008-8 + MP:0011513 + + + + + UMLS:C0042559 + ncithesaurus:Vertebral_Artery + + + + + arteria vertebralis + Wikipedia:Vertebral_artery + + + + + + vertebral arteries + ZFA:0005033 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The leftmost of the two common carotid arteries, originating from the aortic arch in the thorax. + placement of the MA class here is not strictly correct, as the MA class does not include the branches + EMAPA:35491 + FMA:4058 + MA:0001927 + NCIT:C32956 + OpenCyc:Mx4rdz4xcLVIEduAAAAOpmP6tw + OpenCyc:Mx8Ngh4rvgIFoJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycB4rvg7rcJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA + SCTID:362043008 + UMLS:C0226087 + Wikipedia:Left_common_carotid_artery + left common carotid artery + trunk of left common carotid tree + uberon + left common carotid artery + UBERON:0001536 + + + left common carotid artery plus branches + left common carotid artery plus branches + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e6/Gray506.svg + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.166728 + + + + + The leftmost of the two common carotid arteries, originating from the aortic arch in the thorax. + UBERON:cjm + + + + + UMLS:C0226087 + ncithesaurus:Left_Common_Carotid_Artery + + + + + left common carotid artery + MA:0001927 + + + + + trunk of left common carotid tree + FMA:4058 + + + + + left common carotid artery + FMA:4058 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The anterior tibial artery of the lower limb carries blood to the anterior compartment of the leg and dorsal surface of the foot, from the popliteal artery. It is accompanied by a deep vein, the anterior tibial vein, along its course. It crosses the anterior aspect of the ankle joint, at which point it becomes the dorsalis pedis artery. [WP,unvetted]. + EMAPA:37071 + FMA:43894 + MA:0002574 + NCIT:C12825 + OpenCyc:Mx4rvaHcEZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA + SCTID:181357006 + UMLS:C0085816 + Wikipedia:Anterior_tibial_artery + uberon + arteria tibialis anterior + UBERON:0001537 + + + anterior tibial artery + anterior tibial artery + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/81/Gray1247.png + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:28.519223 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.166276 + + + + + The anterior tibial artery of the lower limb carries blood to the anterior compartment of the leg and dorsal surface of the foot, from the popliteal artery. It is accompanied by a deep vein, the anterior tibial vein, along its course. It crosses the anterior aspect of the ankle joint, at which point it becomes the dorsalis pedis artery. [WP,unvetted]. + Wikipedia:Anterior_tibial_artery + + + + + EMAPA:37071 + MA:th + + + + + UMLS:C0085816 + ncithesaurus:Anterior_Tibial_Artery + + + + + arteria tibialis anterior + Wikipedia:Anterior_tibial_artery + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The posterior tibial artery of the lower limb carries blood to the posterior compartment of the leg and plantar surface of the foot, from the popliteal artery. It is accompanied by a deep vein, the posterior tibial vein, along its course. [WP,unvetted]. + EMAPA:37110 + FMA:43895 + MA:0002575 + NCIT:C12826 + OpenCyc:Mx4rwLSaQ5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA + SCTID:181358001 + UMLS:C0086835 + Wikipedia:Posterior_tibial_artery + uberon + arteria tibialis posterior + UBERON:0001538 + + + posterior tibial artery + posterior tibial artery + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/81/Gray1247.png + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.167877 + + + + + The posterior tibial artery of the lower limb carries blood to the posterior compartment of the leg and plantar surface of the foot, from the popliteal artery. It is accompanied by a deep vein, the posterior tibial vein, along its course. [WP,unvetted]. + Wikipedia:Posterior_tibial_artery + + + + + EMAPA:37110 + MA:th + + + + + UMLS:C0086835 + ncithesaurus:Posterior_Tibial_Artery + + + + + arteria tibialis posterior + Wikipedia:Posterior_tibial_artery + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A blood vessel of the lower limb that carries oxygenated blood to the dorsal surface of the foot. It arises at the anterior aspect of the ankle joint and is a continuation of the anterior tibial artery. It terminates at the proximal part of the first intermetatarsal space, where it divides into two branches, the first dorsal metatarsal artery and the deep plantar artery. Along its course, it is accompanied by a deep vein, the dorsalis pedis vein. [WP,unvetted]. + EMAPA:37077 + FMA:43915 + MA:0001942 + NCIT:C32478 + SCTID:181362007 + UMLS:C0226492 + Wikipedia:Dorsalis_pedis_artery + galen:DorsalisPedisArtery + arteria dorsalis pedis + dorsal artery of foot + uberon + arteria dorsalis pedis + UBERON:0001539 + + + dorsalis pedis artery + dorsalis pedis artery + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ee/Gray553.png + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:28.519234 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.166622 + + + + + A blood vessel of the lower limb that carries oxygenated blood to the dorsal surface of the foot. It arises at the anterior aspect of the ankle joint and is a continuation of the anterior tibial artery. It terminates at the proximal part of the first intermetatarsal space, where it divides into two branches, the first dorsal metatarsal artery and the deep plantar artery. Along its course, it is accompanied by a deep vein, the dorsalis pedis vein. [WP,unvetted]. + Wikipedia:Dorsalis_pedis_artery + + + + + EMAPA:37077 + MA:th + + + + + UMLS:C0226492 + ncithesaurus:Dorsalis_Pedis_Artery + + + + + arteria dorsalis pedis + FMA:43915 + FMA:TA + + + + + + dorsal artery of foot + Wikipedia:Dorsalis_pedis_artery + + + + + arteria dorsalis pedis + Wikipedia:Dorsalis_pedis_artery + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An artery that supplies blood to the lateral compartment of the leg and is typically a branch of posterior tibial artery. [WP,unvetted]. + EMAPA:37674 + FMA:43921 + MA:0002018 + NCIT:C33314 + OpenCyc:Mx4rwSO_s5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA + SCTID:181359009 + UMLS:C0226476 + Wikipedia:Peroneal_artery + arteria fibularis + fibular artery + uberon + UBERON:0001540 + + peroneal artery + peroneal artery + Fibular:artery.png + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.168219 + + + + + An artery that supplies blood to the lateral compartment of the leg and is typically a branch of posterior tibial artery. [WP,unvetted]. + Wikipedia:Peroneal_artery + + + + + EMAPA:37674 + MA:th + + + + + UMLS:C0226476 + ncithesaurus:Peroneal_Artery + + + + + arteria fibularis + FMA:43921 + FMA:TA + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The medial plantar artery (internal plantar artery), much smaller than the lateral, passes forward along the medial side of the foot. It is at first situated above the Abductor hallucis, and then between it and the Flexor digitorum brevis, both of which it supplies. At the base of the first metatarsal bone, where it is much diminished in size, it passes along the medial border of the first toe, anastomosing with the first dorsal metatarsal artery. Small superficial digital branches accompany the digital branches of the medial plantar nerve and join the plantar metatarsal arteries of the first three spaces. [WP,unvetted]. + EMAPA:37101 + FMA:43925 + MA:0001997 + NCIT:C32860 + NCIT:C52968 + SCTID:181360004 + UMLS:C0226479 + UMLS:C1512881 + Wikipedia:Medial_plantar_artery + uberon + a. plantaris medialis + UBERON:0001541 + + + medial plantar artery + medial plantar artery + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3e/Gray555.png + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:28.519257 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.166635 + + + + + The medial plantar artery (internal plantar artery), much smaller than the lateral, passes forward along the medial side of the foot. It is at first situated above the Abductor hallucis, and then between it and the Flexor digitorum brevis, both of which it supplies. At the base of the first metatarsal bone, where it is much diminished in size, it passes along the medial border of the first toe, anastomosing with the first dorsal metatarsal artery. Small superficial digital branches accompany the digital branches of the medial plantar nerve and join the plantar metatarsal arteries of the first three spaces. [WP,unvetted]. + Wikipedia:Medial_plantar_artery + + + + + EMAPA:37101 + MA:th + + + + + UMLS:C0226479 + ncithesaurus:Medial_Plantar_Artery + + + + + a. plantaris medialis + Wikipedia:Medial_plantar_artery + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The popliteal vein course runs alongside the popliteal artery but carries the blood from the knee joint and muscles in the thigh and calf back to the heart. Its origin is defined by the junction of the posterior tibial vein and anterior tibial vein. It drains the peroneal vein before reaching the knee joint and turns into the femoral vein when leaving the adductor canal (also known as Hunter's canal). The popliteal artery extends from the femoral artery behind the popliteal fossa which is the space behind the knee. [WP,unvetted]. + EMAPA:37181 + FMA:44327 + GAID:537 + MA:0002197 + MESH:D011152 + NCIT:C33339 + OpenCyc:Mx4rv8Ch-JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA + SCTID:281065001 + UMLS:C0032652 + Wikipedia:Popliteal_vein + galen:PoplitealVein + uberon + vena poplitea + UBERON:0001544 + + + popliteal vein + popliteal vein + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/66/Gray609.png + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.168422 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:48.278360 + + + + + The popliteal vein course runs alongside the popliteal artery but carries the blood from the knee joint and muscles in the thigh and calf back to the heart. Its origin is defined by the junction of the posterior tibial vein and anterior tibial vein. It drains the peroneal vein before reaching the knee joint and turns into the femoral vein when leaving the adductor canal (also known as Hunter's canal). The popliteal artery extends from the femoral artery behind the popliteal fossa which is the space behind the knee. [WP,unvetted]. + Wikipedia:Popliteal_vein + + + + + EMAPA:37181 + MA:th + + + + + UMLS:C0032652 + ncithesaurus:Popliteal_Vein + + + + + vena poplitea + Wikipedia:Popliteal_vein + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A vein of the lower limb that carries blood from the anterior compartment of the leg to the popliteal vein which is forms when it joins with the posterior tibial vein. Like most deep veins, the anterior tibial vein is accompanied by an artery of the same name, the anterior tibial artery, along its course. [WP,unvetted]. + EMAPA:37135 + FMA:44331 + MA:0002244 + NCIT:C32115 + OpenCyc:Mx4rvXYDl5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA + SCTID:281066000 + UMLS:C0226833 + Wikipedia:Anterior_tibial_vein + galen:AnteriorTibialVein + uberon + venae tibiales anteriores + UBERON:0001545 + + + anterior tibial vein + anterior tibial vein + Gray440:color.png + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.166893 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:48.278412 + + + + + A vein of the lower limb that carries blood from the anterior compartment of the leg to the popliteal vein which is forms when it joins with the posterior tibial vein. Like most deep veins, the anterior tibial vein is accompanied by an artery of the same name, the anterior tibial artery, along its course. [WP,unvetted]. + Wikipedia:Anterior_tibial_vein + + + + + EMAPA:37135 + MA:th + + + + + UMLS:C0226833 + ncithesaurus:Anterior_Tibial_Vein + + + + + venae tibiales anteriores + Wikipedia:Anterior_tibial_vein + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A vein of the lower limb carries blood from the posterior compartment and plantar surface of the foot to the popliteal vein which it forms when it joins with the anterior tibial vein. Like most deep veins, the posterior tibial vein is accompanied by an artery of the same name, the posterior tibial artery, along its course. [WP,unvetted]. + EMAPA:37183 + FMA:44332 + MA:0002245 + NCIT:C33386 + OpenCyc:Mx4rwA9GD5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA + SCTID:281067009 + UMLS:C0226832 + Wikipedia:Posterior_tibial_vein + galen:PosteriorTibialVein + uberon + venae tibiales posteriores + UBERON:0001546 + + + posterior tibial vein + posterior tibial vein + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c7/Gray583.png + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.167437 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:48.278447 + + + + + A vein of the lower limb carries blood from the posterior compartment and plantar surface of the foot to the popliteal vein which it forms when it joins with the anterior tibial vein. Like most deep veins, the posterior tibial vein is accompanied by an artery of the same name, the posterior tibial artery, along its course. [WP,unvetted]. + Wikipedia:Posterior_tibial_vein + + + + + EMAPA:37183 + MA:th + + + + + UMLS:C0226832 + ncithesaurus:Posterior_Tibial_Vein + + + + + venae tibiales posteriores + Wikipedia:Posterior_tibial_vein + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The small saphenous vein (also lesser saphenous vein), is a relatively large vein of the superficial posterior leg. [WP,unvetted]. + BTO:0003272 + EMAPA:37187 + FMA:44333 + MA:0002217 + NCIT:C33546 + SCTID:181404009 + UMLS:C0226827 + Wikipedia:Small_saphenous_vein + galen:LesserSaphenousVein + lesser saphenous vein + short saphenous vein + vena saphena parva + uberon + UBERON:0001547 + + + small saphenous vein + small saphenous vein + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/62/Gray582.png + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.165995 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:48.278377 + + + + + The small saphenous vein (also lesser saphenous vein), is a relatively large vein of the superficial posterior leg. [WP,unvetted]. + Wikipedia:Small_saphenous_vein + + + + + EMAPA:37187 + MA:th + + + + + UMLS:C0226827 + ncithesaurus:Short_Saphenous_Vein + + + + + vena saphena parva + Wikipedia:Small_saphenous_vein + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A continuation of the Dorsal venous arch of the foot and is the origin of the short saphenous vein. + EMAPA:37161 + FMA:44359 + MA:0002160 + Wikipedia:Lateral_marginal_vein + lateral marginal vein of foot + vena marginalis lateralis + vena marginalis lateralis pedis + uberon + UBERON:0001548 + + lateral marginal vein + lateral marginal vein + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.166571 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:48.278386 + + + + + A continuation of the Dorsal venous arch of the foot and is the origin of the short saphenous vein. + Wikipedia:Lateral_marginal_vein + + + + + EMAPA:37161 + MA:th + + + + + vena marginalis lateralis pedis + FMA:44359 + FMA:TA + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The dorsal metatarsal veins are veins which drain the metatarsus of the foot. [WP,unvetted]. + EMAPA:37143 + FMA:44377 + MA:0002105 + NCIT:C52689 + UMLS:C0835053 + Wikipedia:Dorsal_metatarsal_veins + metatarsal vein + uberon + venae metatarsales dorsales + UBERON:0001549 + + dorsal metatarsal vein + dorsal metatarsal vein + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.165843 + + + + + The dorsal metatarsal veins are veins which drain the metatarsus of the foot. [WP,unvetted]. + Wikipedia:Dorsal_metatarsal_veins + + + + + EMAPA:37143 + MA:th + + + + + UMLS:C0835053 + ncithesaurus:Dorsal_Metatarsal_Vein + + + + + venae metatarsales dorsales + Wikipedia:Dorsal_metatarsal_veins + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A continuation of the Dorsal venous arch of the foot and is the origin of the long saphenous vein. + EMAPA:37170 + FMA:44420 + MA:0002171 + Wikipedia:Medial_marginal_vein + medial marginal vein of foot + vena marginalis medialis + vena marginalis medialis pedis + uberon + UBERON:0001550 + + medial marginal vein + medial marginal vein + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.166855 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:48.278415 + + + + + A continuation of the Dorsal venous arch of the foot and is the origin of the long saphenous vein. + Wikipedia:Medial_marginal_vein + + + + + EMAPA:37170 + MA:th + + + + + vena marginalis medialis pedis + FMA:44420 + FMA:TA + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + One of the curved arteries at the corticomedullary border of the kidney that arise from the interlobar arteries and give rise to the interlobular arteries. + arcuate artery + EMAPA:28215 + FMA:70497 + MA:0002583 + Wikipedia:Arcuate_arteries_of_the_kidney + renal arcuate artery + uberon + UBERON:0001552 + + + + kidney arcuate artery + kidney arcuate artery + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ee/Gray553.png + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:28.519766 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.167887 + + + + + One of the curved arteries at the corticomedullary border of the kidney that arise from the interlobar arteries and give rise to the interlobular arteries. + MP:0011315 + Wikipedia:Arcuate_artery_of_the_foot + + + + + arcuate artery + MA:0002583 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The medial tarsal arteries are two or three small branches which ramify on the medial border of the foot and join the medial malleolar net-work. + EMAPA:37102 + FMA:44598 + MA:0001998 + NCIT:C52969 + SCTID:67925000 + UMLS:C0226495 + Wikipedia:Medial_tarsal_arteries + uberon + UBERON:0001553 + + medial tarsal artery + medial tarsal artery + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.165869 + + + + + The medial tarsal arteries are two or three small branches which ramify on the medial border of the foot and join the medial malleolar net-work. + Wikipedia:Medial_tarsal_arteries + + + + + EMAPA:37102 + MA:th + + + + + UMLS:C0226495 + ncithesaurus:Medial_Tarsal_Artery + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An artery that runs along the bottom of the lowest rib. They constitute the lowest pair of branches derived from the thoracic aorta, and are in series with the intercostal arteries. Each passes along the lower border of the twelfth rib behind the kidney and in front of the Quadratus lumborum muscle, and is accompanied by the twelfth thoracic nerve. It then pierces the posterior aponeurosis of the Transversus abdominis, and, passing forward between this muscle and the Obliquus internus, anastomoses with the superior epigastric, lower intercostal, and lumbar arteries. Each subcostal artery gives off a posterior branch which has a similar distribution to the posterior ramus of an intercostal artery. [WP,unvetted]. + EMAPA:19097 + FMA:4613 + MA:0002048 + NCIT:C53000 + SCTID:244243008 + UMLS:C0226293 + Wikipedia:Subcostal_artery + uberon + UBERON:0001561 + + + subcostal artery + subcostal artery + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.166406 + + + + + An artery that runs along the bottom of the lowest rib. They constitute the lowest pair of branches derived from the thoracic aorta, and are in series with the intercostal arteries. Each passes along the lower border of the twelfth rib behind the kidney and in front of the Quadratus lumborum muscle, and is accompanied by the twelfth thoracic nerve. It then pierces the posterior aponeurosis of the Transversus abdominis, and, passing forward between this muscle and the Obliquus internus, anastomoses with the superior epigastric, lower intercostal, and lumbar arteries. Each subcostal artery gives off a posterior branch which has a similar distribution to the posterior ramus of an intercostal artery. [WP,unvetted]. + Wikipedia:Subcostal_artery + + + + + UMLS:C0226293 + ncithesaurus:Subcostal_Artery + + + + + + + + + Nerve that carries information from the olfactory epithelium to the olfactory bulb[Butler and Hodos]. + Nerve that carries information from the olfactory epithelium through the olfactory bulb to the olfactory cortex of the telencephalon.[AAO] + Segment of neural tree organ which is continuous with the olfactory epithelium and an olfactory bulb[FMA:46787]. + The 1st cranial nerve. The olfactory nerve conveys the sense of smell. It is formed by the axons of OLFACTORY RECEPTOR NEURONS which project from the olfactory epithelium (in the nasal epithelium) to the OLFACTORY BULB[MESH:A08.800.800.120.640]. + We conclude this section by listing some of the many synapomorphies of craniates, including (...) (5) cranial nerves (...) (reference 1); Phylogenetically, the cranial nerves are thought to have evolved from dorsal and ventral nerves of a few anterior spinal nerves that became incorporated into the braincase. Dorsal and ventral nerves fuse in the trunk but not in the head, and they produce two series: dorsal cranial nerves (V, VII, IX, and X) and ventral cranial nerves (III, IV, VI, and XIII) (reference 2).[well established][VHOG] + connects to main OB (in taxa where main/accessory distinction is important) + 1n + AAO:0010088 + BAMS:1n + BAMS:ln + BIRNLEX:1319 + BTO:0003648 + EHDAA2:0001293 + EHDAA:6672 + EMAPA:17797 + FMA:46787 + GAID:830 + HBA:9300 + MA:0001096 + MBA:840 + MESH:D009832 + NCIT:C12759 + OpenCyc:Mx4rvZuXAJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA + SCTID:180937006 + TAO:0000249 + UMLS:C0028938 + UMLS:C1268984 + VHOG:0000703 + Wikipedia:Olfactory_nerve + XAO:0000426 + ZFA:0000249 + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=32 + first cranial nerve + nervus olfactorius [i] + olfactory I + olfactory i nerve + olfactory nerve [I] + uberon + CN-I + cranial nerve I + fila olfactoria + nerve I + nerve of smell + nervus olfactorius + olfactoria fila + olfactory fila + UBERON:0001579 + + + + + olfactory nerve + olfactory nerve + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/be/Gray771.png + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:13:46.282480 + + + + + Nerve that carries information from the olfactory epithelium to the olfactory bulb[Butler and Hodos]. + ISBN:0471209627 + Wikipedia:Olfactory_nerve + + + + + Nerve that carries information from the olfactory epithelium through the olfactory bulb to the olfactory cortex of the telencephalon.[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0010088 + AAO + AAO:DSM + + + + + Segment of neural tree organ which is continuous with the olfactory epithelium and an olfactory bulb[FMA:46787]. + FMA:46787 + + + + + The 1st cranial nerve. The olfactory nerve conveys the sense of smell. It is formed by the axons of OLFACTORY RECEPTOR NEURONS which project from the olfactory epithelium (in the nasal epithelium) to the OLFACTORY BULB[MESH:A08.800.800.120.640]. + MESH:A08.800.800.120.640 + + + + + We conclude this section by listing some of the many synapomorphies of craniates, including (...) (5) cranial nerves (...) (reference 1); Phylogenetically, the cranial nerves are thought to have evolved from dorsal and ventral nerves of a few anterior spinal nerves that became incorporated into the braincase. Dorsal and ventral nerves fuse in the trunk but not in the head, and they produce two series: dorsal cranial nerves (V, VII, IX, and X) and ventral cranial nerves (III, IV, VI, and XIII) (reference 2).[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000703 + VHOG + ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.43, ISBN:978-0072528305 Kardong KV, Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy, Function, Evolution (2006) p.625 + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + 1n + BIRNLEX:1319 + NIFSTD:NeuroNames_abbrevSource + + + + + + UMLS:C0028938 + BIRNLEX:1319 + + + + + UMLS:C0028938 + ncithesaurus:Olfactory_Nerve + + + + + UMLS:C1268984 + BIRNLEX:1319 + + + + + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=32 + BIRNLEX:1319 + + + + + nervus olfactorius [i] + FMA:46787 + FMA:TA + + + + + + olfactory I + EHDAA2:0001293 + + + + + fila olfactoria + BTO:0003648 + + + + + nerve I + NeuroNames:32 + + + + + nerve of smell + BTO:0003648 + + + + + nervus olfactorius + BTO:0003648 + + + + + nervus olfactorius + Wikipedia:Olfactory_nerve + + + + + + olfactoria fila + NeuroNames:32 + + + + + olfactory fila + BTO:0003648 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The subclavian artery that supplies the left pectoral appendage. + in humans, branches off the arch of aorta + arises from left intersegmental 6th artery in the region of the 6th -7th cervical segment in humans + EMAPA:37100 + FMA:4694 + MA:0002046 + NCIT:C32972 + OpenCyc:Mx4rtW7hw6gEEdudWQACs5b6Bw + OpenCyc:Mx8Ngh4rvgIFoJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycB4rvp8u1JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA + SCTID:244245001 + UMLS:C0226262 + Wikipedia:Subclavian_artery + arteria subclavia (sinistra) + uberon + UBERON:0001584 + + + + left subclavian artery + left subclavian artery + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e6/Gray506.svg + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.167882 + + + + + The subclavian artery that supplies the left pectoral appendage. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + EMAPA:37100 + MA:th + + + + + UMLS:C0226262 + ncithesaurus:Left_Subclavian_Artery + + + + + arteria subclavia (sinistra) + FMA:4694 + FMA:TA + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A vein that carries deoxygenated blood from the upper half of the body into the right atrium of the heart. + Phylogenetic modifications within this basic pattern of arteries and veins are largely correlated with functional changes. In the transition from water to land, gills gave way to lungs, accompanied by the establishment of a pulmonary circulation. In some fishes and certainly in tetrapods, the cardinal veins become less involved in blood return. Instead, the composite, prominent postcava (posterior vena cava) arose to drain the posterior part of the body and the precava (anterior vena cava) developed to drain the anterior part of the body.[well established][VHOG] + The mouse has both left and right anterior vena cava. adult humans only have a right. Postnatally the left regresses and becomes non-functional (Wessels and Sedmera 2003). In the mouse, The right pulmonary vein passes dorsal to the right superior vena cava, the left pulmonary dorsal to the left superior vena cava (Biology of the Laboratory Mouse, Green). + BTO:0002683 + EHDAA2:0001962 + EHDAA:8726 + EMAPA:18417 + FMA:4720 + GAID:549 + MA:0000481 + MESH:D014683 + NCIT:C12816 + SCTID:181368006 + UMLS:C0042459 + VHOG:0001195 + Wikipedia:Superior_vena_cava + galen:SuperiorVenaCava + superior caval vein + superior vena cava + uberon + cranial vena cava + precava + vena cava superior + vena maxima + UBERON:0001585 + + + + anterior vena cava + anterior vena cava + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b4/Venenwinkel.png + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.165810 + + + + + A vein that carries deoxygenated blood from the upper half of the body into the right atrium of the heart. + Wikipedia:Superior_vena_cava + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + Phylogenetic modifications within this basic pattern of arteries and veins are largely correlated with functional changes. In the transition from water to land, gills gave way to lungs, accompanied by the establishment of a pulmonary circulation. In some fishes and certainly in tetrapods, the cardinal veins become less involved in blood return. Instead, the composite, prominent postcava (posterior vena cava) arose to drain the posterior part of the body and the precava (anterior vena cava) developed to drain the anterior part of the body.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0001195 + VHOG + ISBN:978-0072528305 Kardong KV, Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy, Function, Evolution (2006) p.454-455 + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + UMLS:C0042459 + ncithesaurus:Superior_Vena_Cava + + + + + superior caval vein + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + superior vena cava + FMA:4720 + + + + + cranial vena cava + VHOG:0001195 + + + + + vena cava superior + BTO:0002683 + + + + + vena cava superior + Wikipedia:Superior_vena_cava + + + + + + vena maxima + Wikipedia:Superior_vena_cava + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + One of two jugular veins that collect the blood from the brain, the superficial parts of the face, and the neck. [WP,unvetted]. + Vein which receives many veins draining the palate, brain, and the orbital, nasal, and auditory regions.[AAO] + AAO:0010236 + EHDAA2:0000877 + EHDAA:5407 + EMAPA:17620 + FMA:4724 + MA:0002157 + NCIT:C32849 + OpenCyc:Mx4rvqdb95wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA + RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000878 + SCTID:181372005 + UMLS:C0226550 + Wikipedia:Internal_jugular_vein + XAO:0000382 + galen:InternalJugularVein + internal jugular + internal jugular venous tree + uberon + vena jugularis interna + UBERON:0001586 + + + internal jugular vein + internal jugular vein + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e9/Gray562.png + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.165647 + + + + + One of two jugular veins that collect the blood from the brain, the superficial parts of the face, and the neck. [WP,unvetted]. + Wikipedia:Internal_jugular_vein + + + + + Vein which receives many veins draining the palate, brain, and the orbital, nasal, and auditory regions.[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0010236 + AAO + AAO:BJB + + + + + UMLS:C0226550 + ncithesaurus:Internal_Jugular_Vein + + + + + internal jugular + EHDAA2:0000877 + + + + + vena jugularis interna + Wikipedia:Internal_jugular_vein + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The subclavian vein is a paired large vein, one on either side of the body. Their diameter is approximately that of the smallest finger. + Vein which collects blood from the forelimb via the brachial veins and from the muscles and skin of the trunk via the anterior epigastric and lateral veins.[AAO] + AAO:0010510 + EHDAA2:0001934 + EHDAA:4455 + EMAPA:17621 + FMA:4725 + GAID:546 + MA:0002221 + MESH:D013350 + NCIT:C12794 + OpenCyc:Mx4rvvvtMZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA + SCTID:181388005 + UMLS:C0038532 + Wikipedia:Subclavian_vein + galen:SubclavianVein + subclavian venous tree + vena subclavia + uberon + UBERON:0001587 + + + subclavian vein + subclavian vein + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9e/Gray1174.png + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.165920 + + + + + The subclavian vein is a paired large vein, one on either side of the body. Their diameter is approximately that of the smallest finger. + Wikipedia:Subclavian_vein + + + + + Vein which collects blood from the forelimb via the brachial veins and from the muscles and skin of the trunk via the anterior epigastric and lateral veins.[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0010510 + AAO + AAO:BJB + + + + + UMLS:C0038532 + ncithesaurus:Subclavian_Vein + + + + + vena subclavia + Wikipedia:Subclavian_vein + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The vertebral vein is formed in the suboccipital triangle, from numerous small tributaries which spring from the internal vertebral venous plexuses and issue from the vertebral canal above the posterior arch of the atlas. They unite with small veins from the deep muscles at the upper part of the back of the neck, and form a vessel which enters the foramen in the transverse process of the atlas, and descends, forming a dense plexus around the vertebral artery, in the canal formed by the foramina transversaria of the cervical vertebrae. This plexus ends in a single trunk, which emerges from the foramen transversarium of the sixth cervical vertebra, and opens at the root of the neck into the back part of the innominate vein near its origin, its mouth being guarded by a pair of valves. On the right side, it crosses the first part of the subclavian artery. [WP,unvetted]. + Vein which collects blood from the muscles of the neck and drains into the internal jugular.[AAO] + AAO:0010509 + EMAPA:36271 + FMA:4727 + MA:0002262 + NCIT:C53145 + OpenCyc:Mx4rwKt8xJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA + SCTID:303961000 + UMLS:C0226560 + Wikipedia:Vertebral_vein + uberon + vena vertebralis + UBERON:0001588 + + + vertebral vein + vertebral vein + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c9/Gray563.png + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.166583 + + + + + The vertebral vein is formed in the suboccipital triangle, from numerous small tributaries which spring from the internal vertebral venous plexuses and issue from the vertebral canal above the posterior arch of the atlas. They unite with small veins from the deep muscles at the upper part of the back of the neck, and form a vessel which enters the foramen in the transverse process of the atlas, and descends, forming a dense plexus around the vertebral artery, in the canal formed by the foramina transversaria of the cervical vertebrae. This plexus ends in a single trunk, which emerges from the foramen transversarium of the sixth cervical vertebra, and opens at the root of the neck into the back part of the innominate vein near its origin, its mouth being guarded by a pair of valves. On the right side, it crosses the first part of the subclavian artery. [WP,unvetted]. + Wikipedia:Vertebral_vein + + + + + Vein which collects blood from the muscles of the neck and drains into the internal jugular.[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0010509 + AAO + AAO:BJB + + + + + UMLS:C0226560 + ncithesaurus:Vertebral_Vein + + + + + vena vertebralis + Wikipedia:Vertebral_vein + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A vessel that drains the chest wall and breats and arises from the superior epigastric vein, accompanies the internal thoracic artery along its course and terminates in the brachiocephalic vein.. + EMAPA:18641 + FMA:4729 + MA:0002237 + NCIT:C52698 + SCTID:281056008 + UMLS:C0226633 + Wikipedia:Internal_thoracic_vein + uberon + internal mammary vein + vena thoracica interna + UBERON:0001589 + + + internal thoracic vein + internal thoracic vein + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4d/Gray577.png + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.166382 + + + + + A vessel that drains the chest wall and breats and arises from the superior epigastric vein, accompanies the internal thoracic artery along its course and terminates in the brachiocephalic vein.. + Wikipedia:Internal_thoracic_vein + + + + + UMLS:C0226633 + ncithesaurus:Internal_Thoracic_Vein + + + + + internal mammary vein + Wikipedia:Internal_thoracic_vein + + + + + + vena thoracica interna + Wikipedia:Internal_thoracic_vein + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Vena comitans of the pericardiacophrenic arteries. + EMAPA:37178 + FMA:4742 + MA:0002187 + NCIT:C53061 + SCTID:361626007 + UMLS:C0501112 + Wikipedia:Pericardiacophrenic_veins + uberon + venae pericardiacophrenicae + UBERON:0001590 + + pericardiacophrenic vein + pericardiacophrenic vein + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/75/Gray530.png + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.168321 + + + + + Vena comitans of the pericardiacophrenic arteries. + Wikipedia:Pericardiacophrenic_veins + + + + + EMAPA:37178 + MA:th + + + + + UMLS:C0501112 + ncithesaurus:Pericardiacophrenic_Vein + + + + + venae pericardiacophrenicae + Wikipedia:Pericardiacophrenic_veins + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A vein that drains blood from the thymus. + EMAPA:36325 + FMA:4747 + MA:0002246 + NCIT:C53143 + SCTID:303432009 + UMLS:C0226698 + Wikipedia:Thymic_veins + thymic tributary of brachiocephalic vein + vena thymica + uberon + venae thymicae + UBERON:0001591 + + thymic vein + thymic vein + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:18:01.358675 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.167442 + + + + + A vein that drains blood from the thymus. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + UMLS:C0226698 + ncithesaurus:Thymic_Vein + + + + + vena thymica + Wikipedia:Thymic_veins + + + + + + venae thymicae + Wikipedia:Thymic_veins + + + + + + + + + The bronchial veins are small vessels that return blood from the larger bronchi and structures at the roots of the lungs. The right side drains into the azygos vein, while the left side drains into the left superior intercostal vein or the accessory hemiazygos vein. The bronchial veins are counterparts to the bronchial arteries. The veins, however, do not return all of the blood supplied by the arteries; much of the blood that is carried in the bronchial arteries is returned to the heart via the pulmonary veins. [WP,unvetted]. + EMAPA:36284 + FMA:4749 + MA:0002088 + NCIT:C53031 + SCTID:198293000 + UMLS:C0226650 + Wikipedia:Bronchial_veins + bronchial venous tree + uberon + UBERON:0001592 + + + bronchial vein + bronchial vein + + + + + The bronchial veins are small vessels that return blood from the larger bronchi and structures at the roots of the lungs. The right side drains into the azygos vein, while the left side drains into the left superior intercostal vein or the accessory hemiazygos vein. The bronchial veins are counterparts to the bronchial arteries. The veins, however, do not return all of the blood supplied by the arteries; much of the blood that is carried in the bronchial arteries is returned to the heart via the pulmonary veins. [WP,unvetted]. + Wikipedia:Bronchial_veins + + + + + UMLS:C0226650 + ncithesaurus:Bronchial_Vein + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An unpaired vein which in humans arises from the right ascending lumbar vein or the vena cava, enters the thorax through the aortic orifice in the diaphragm, and terminates in the superior vena cava; unlike humans, mice have a single and left-sided azygos vein that develops from the paired embryonic cardinal venous system and drains most of the right and left thoracic walls into the left anterior vena cava[MP]. + check development relationships in different species + EMAPA:18250 + FMA:4838 + GAID:528 + MA:0002085 + MESH:D001401 + NCIT:C53029 + UMLS:C0004526 + Wikipedia:Azygos_vein + galen:AzygosVein + azygos venous tree + uberon + vena azygos + UBERON:0001594 + + + + azygos vein + azygos vein + Azygos:vein.png + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.165953 + + + + + An unpaired vein which in humans arises from the right ascending lumbar vein or the vena cava, enters the thorax through the aortic orifice in the diaphragm, and terminates in the superior vena cava; unlike humans, mice have a single and left-sided azygos vein that develops from the paired embryonic cardinal venous system and drains most of the right and left thoracic walls into the left anterior vena cava[MP]. + MP:0011569 + Wikipedia:Azygos_vein + + + + + UMLS:C0004526 + ncithesaurus:Azygos_Vein + + + + + vena azygos + Wikipedia:Azygos_vein + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The lingual artery arises from the external carotid between the superior thyroid and facial artery[WP]. + Part of the external carotid which supplies blood to the tongue.[AAO] + relationship loss: part_of external carotid (AAO:0010218)[AAO] + AAO:0010492 + EMAPA:36324 + FMA:49526 + MA:0001992 + NCIT:C52961 + OpenCyc:Mx4rvfqDCZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA + SCTID:181327002 + UMLS:C0226104 + Wikipedia:Lingual_artery + lingual branch of external carotid artery + uberon + arteria lingualis + UBERON:0001610 + + + lingual artery + lingual artery + Lingual:artery.PNG + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:28.519261 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.166766 + + + + + The lingual artery arises from the external carotid between the superior thyroid and facial artery[WP]. + Wikipedia:Lingual_artery + + + + + Part of the external carotid which supplies blood to the tongue.[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0010492 + AAO + AAO:BJB + + + + + relationship loss: part_of external carotid (AAO:0010218)[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0010492 + AAO + + + + + UMLS:C0226104 + ncithesaurus:Lingual_Artery + + + + + arteria lingualis + Wikipedia:Lingual_artery + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A branch of the lingual artery that supplies the sublingual gland. + Check grouping with amphibian structure of the same name + Part of the external carotid which supplies blood to the tip of the snout where branches go to the tongue and the m. geniohyoideus.[AAO] + relationship loss: part_of external carotid (AAO:0010218)[AAO] + AAO:0010491 + EMAPA:37115 + FMA:49543 + MA:0002049 + NCIT:C53002 + SCTID:368706006 + UMLS:C0226106 + Wikipedia:Sublingual_artery + sublingual branch of lingual artery + uberon + arteria sublingualis + UBERON:0001611 + + + sublingual artery + sublingual artery + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7a/Gray559.png + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:28.519484 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.166114 + + + + + A branch of the lingual artery that supplies the sublingual gland. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + Part of the external carotid which supplies blood to the tip of the snout where branches go to the tongue and the m. geniohyoideus.[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0010491 + AAO + AAO:BJB + + + + + relationship loss: part_of external carotid (AAO:0010218)[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0010491 + AAO + + + + + EMAPA:37115 + MA:th + + + + + UMLS:C0226106 + ncithesaurus:Sublingual_Artery + + + + + arteria sublingualis + Wikipedia:Sublingual_artery + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A branch of the external carotid artery that supplies structures of the face. [WP,unvetted]. + EMAPA:19213 + FMA:49549 + MA:0001950 + NCIT:C32578 + OpenCyc:Mx4rwCt95ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA + SCTID:181328007 + UMLS:C0226109 + Wikipedia:Facial_artery + uberon + arteria maxillaris externa + external maxillary artery + UBERON:0001612 + + + facial artery + facial artery + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7b/Gray508.png + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:28.519390 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.167952 + + + + + A branch of the external carotid artery that supplies structures of the face. [WP,unvetted]. + Wikipedia:Facial_artery + + + + + UMLS:C0226109 + ncithesaurus:Facial_Artery + + + + + arteria maxillaris externa + Wikipedia:Facial_artery + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The occipital artery arises opposite the facial artery, its path is below the posterior belly of digastric to the occipital region. This artery supplies blood to the back of the scalp and sterno-mastoid muscles. Other muscles it supplies are deep muscles in the back and neck. [WP,unvetted]. + EMAPA:37672 + FMA:49586 + MA:0002009 + NCIT:C33194 + OpenCyc:Mx4rwC1IFJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA + SCTID:244219005 + UMLS:C0226117 + Wikipedia:Occipital_artery + uberon + arteria occipitalis + UBERON:0001613 + + + occipital artery + occipital artery + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7b/Gray508.png + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:28.519560 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.166833 + + + + + The occipital artery arises opposite the facial artery, its path is below the posterior belly of digastric to the occipital region. This artery supplies blood to the back of the scalp and sterno-mastoid muscles. Other muscles it supplies are deep muscles in the back and neck. [WP,unvetted]. + Wikipedia:Occipital_artery + + + + + EMAPA:37672 + MA:th + + + + + UMLS:C0226117 + ncithesaurus:Occipital_Artery + + + + + arteria occipitalis + Wikipedia:Occipital_artery + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A major artery of the head that arises from the external carotid artery when it bifurcates into the superficial temporal artery and maxillary artery. Its pulse is palpable superior to the zygomatic arch, anterior and superior to the tragus. [WP,unvetted]. + BTO:0003747 + EMAPA:37118 + FMA:49650 + MA:0002062 + OpenCyc:Mx4rv33WkZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA + SCTID:181325005 + Wikipedia:Superficial_temporal_artery + uberon + arteria temporalis superficialis + UBERON:0001614 + + + superficial temporal artery + superficial temporal artery + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a5/Gray1200.png + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:28.519457 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.166844 + + + + + A major artery of the head that arises from the external carotid artery when it bifurcates into the superficial temporal artery and maxillary artery. Its pulse is palpable superior to the zygomatic arch, anterior and superior to the tragus. [WP,unvetted]. + Wikipedia:Superficial_temporal_artery + + + + + EMAPA:37118 + MA:th + + + + + arteria temporalis superficialis + Wikipedia:Superficial_temporal_artery + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The transverse facial artery is an artery that branches from the superficial temporal artery and runs across the face. [WP,unvetted]. + EMAPA:37130 + FMA:49657 + MA:0002068 + NCIT:C53025 + SCTID:146551008 + UMLS:C0226132 + Wikipedia:Transverse_facial_artery + uberon + arteria transversa faciei + UBERON:0001615 + + + transverse facial artery + transverse facial artery + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/35/Gray515.png + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:28.519325 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.166195 + + + + + The transverse facial artery is an artery that branches from the superficial temporal artery and runs across the face. [WP,unvetted]. + Wikipedia:Transverse_facial_artery + + + + + EMAPA:37130 + MA:th + + + + + UMLS:C0226132 + ncithesaurus:Transverse_Facial_Artery + + + + + arteria transversa faciei + Wikipedia:Transverse_facial_artery + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An artery that supplies deep structures of the face. It comes just out behind the neck of the mandible. [WP,unvetted]. + ...1st pair undergoes partial regression, the remnants of which becomes part of the maxillary arteries + EHDAA2:0001069 + EHDAA:7357 + EMAPA:17311 + FMA:49675 + GAID:498 + MA:0001919 + MESH:D008438 + NCIT:C34205 + OpenCyc:Mx4rwDDJ45wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA + SCTID:181326006 + UMLS:C0024949 + Wikipedia:Maxillary_artery + uberon + arteria maxillaris + internal maxillary artery + UBERON:0001616 + + + maxillary artery + maxillary artery + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/39/Gray510.png + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.165682 + + + + + An artery that supplies deep structures of the face. It comes just out behind the neck of the mandible. [WP,unvetted]. + Wikipedia:Maxillary_artery + + + + + ...1st pair undergoes partial regression, the remnants of which becomes part of the maxillary arteries + http://download.videohelp.com/vitualis/med/Vascular_Devt.html + + + + + UMLS:C0024949 + ncithesaurus:Maxillary_Artery + + + + + arteria maxillaris + Wikipedia:Maxillary_artery + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The mental branch of inferior alveolar artery escapes with the nerve at the mental foramen, supplies the chin, and anastomoses with the submental and inferior labial arteries. [WP,unvetted]. + EMAPA:37105 + FMA:49701 + MA:0002002 + NCIT:C52973 + SCTID:147561008 + UMLS:C0226144 + Wikipedia:Mental_part_of_inferior_alveolar_artery + mental branch of inferior alveolar artery + ramus mentalis (arteria alveolaris inferior) + uberon + UBERON:0001617 + + + mental artery + mental artery + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:28.519353 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.167983 + + + + + The mental branch of inferior alveolar artery escapes with the nerve at the mental foramen, supplies the chin, and anastomoses with the submental and inferior labial arteries. [WP,unvetted]. + Wikipedia:Mental_artery + + + + + EMAPA:37105 + MA:th + + + + + UMLS:C0226144 + ncithesaurus:Mental_Artery + + + + + ramus mentalis (arteria alveolaris inferior) + FMA:49701 + FMA:TA + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The buccal artery (buccinator artery) is small and runs obliquely forward, between the Pterygoideus internus and the insertion of the Temporalis, to the outer surface of the Buccinator, to which it is distributed, anastomosing with branches of the external maxillary and with the infraorbital. [WP,unvetted]. + EMAPA:37073 + FMA:49754 + MA:0001924 + NCIT:C52847 + SCTID:148066005 + UMLS:C0226151 + Wikipedia:Buccal_artery + uberon + arteria buccalis + arteria buccinatoria + UBERON:0001618 + + + buccal artery + buccal artery + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7b/Gray508.png + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:28.519385 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.165876 + + + + + The buccal artery (buccinator artery) is small and runs obliquely forward, between the Pterygoideus internus and the insertion of the Temporalis, to the outer surface of the Buccinator, to which it is distributed, anastomosing with branches of the external maxillary and with the infraorbital. [WP,unvetted]. + Wikipedia:Buccal_artery + + + + + EMAPA:37073 + MA:th + + + + + UMLS:C0226151 + ncithesaurus:Buccal_Artery + + + + + arteria buccalis + Wikipedia:Buccal_artery + + + + + + arteria buccinatoria + Wikipedia:Buccal_artery + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The ophthalmic artery is a branch of the internal carotid artery which supplies branches to supply the eye and other structures in the orbit. It enters the orbit together with the Optic nerve through the Optic foramen/canal. [WP,modified]. + Part of internal carotid which carries blood via branches to the eye, the eye muscles, and eyelids.[AAO] + relationship loss: part_of internal carotid (AAO:0010219)[AAO] + AAO:0010497 + EHDAA2:0001300 + EHDAA:7363 + EMAPA:17007 + FMA:49868 + GAID:503 + MA:0002011 + MESH:D009880 + NCIT:C33216 + OpenCyc:Mx4rvcCxpJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA + SCTID:181310005 + UMLS:C0029078 + Wikipedia:Ophthalmic_artery + XAO:0000368 + uberon + arteria ophthalmica + opthalmic artery + UBERON:0001619 + + + ophthalmic artery + ophthalmic artery + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ce/Gray514.png + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:28.519431 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.168083 + + + + + The ophthalmic artery is a branch of the internal carotid artery which supplies branches to supply the eye and other structures in the orbit. It enters the orbit together with the Optic nerve through the Optic foramen/canal. [WP,modified]. + Wikipedia:Ophthalmic_artery + + + + + Part of internal carotid which carries blood via branches to the eye, the eye muscles, and eyelids.[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0010497 + AAO + AAO:BJB + + + + + relationship loss: part_of internal carotid (AAO:0010219)[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0010497 + AAO + + + + + UMLS:C0029078 + ncithesaurus:Opthalmic_Artery + + + + + arteria ophthalmica + Wikipedia:Ophthalmic_artery + + + + + + opthalmic artery + Wikipedia:Ophthalmic_artery + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The central retinal artery (retinal artery) branches off the ophthalmic artery, running inferior to the optic nerve within its dural sheath to the eyeball. [WP,unvetted]. + EMAPA:37113 + FMA:49879 + GAID:508 + MA:0002038 + MESH:D012161 + NCIT:C52997 + SCTID:277771001 + UMLS:C0035301 + Wikipedia:Central_retinal_artery + Zinn's artery + central artery of retina + retinal artery + uberon + arteria centralis retinae + central artery of the retina + UBERON:0001620 + + + central retinal artery + central retinal artery + Gray514:updated.png + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:28.519367 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.166036 + + + + + The central retinal artery (retinal artery) branches off the ophthalmic artery, running inferior to the optic nerve within its dural sheath to the eyeball. [WP,unvetted]. + Wikipedia:Central_retinal_artery + + + + + EMAPA:37113 + MA:th + + + + + UMLS:C0035301 + ncithesaurus:Retinal_Artery + + + + + arteria centralis retinae + Wikipedia:Central_retinal_artery + + + + + arteria centralis retinae + Wikipedia:Central_retinal_artery + + + + + + central artery of the retina + Wikipedia:Central_retinal_artery + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The lacrimal artery arises close to the optic foramen, and is one of the largest branches derived from the ophthalmic artery: not infrequently it is given off before the artery enters the orbit. It accompanies the lacrimal nerve along the upper border of the Lateral Rectus, supplies the lacrimal gland. [WP,unvetted]. + EMAPA:37094 + FMA:49927 + MA:0001988 + NCIT:C52948 + SCTID:369324002 + UMLS:C0226171 + Wikipedia:Lacrimal_artery + uberon + a. lacrimalis + UBERON:0001622 + + + lacrimal artery + lacrimal artery + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ce/Gray514.png + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:28.519669 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.166293 + + + + + The lacrimal artery arises close to the optic foramen, and is one of the largest branches derived from the ophthalmic artery: not infrequently it is given off before the artery enters the orbit. It accompanies the lacrimal nerve along the upper border of the Lateral Rectus, supplies the lacrimal gland. [WP,unvetted]. + Wikipedia:Lacrimal_artery + + + + + EMAPA:37094 + MA:th + + + + + UMLS:C0226171 + ncithesaurus:Lacrimal_Artery + + + + + a. lacrimalis + Wikipedia:Lacrimal_artery + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The dorsal nasal artery (nasal artery) is an artery of the head. It is one of the two terminal branches of the ophthalmic artery. [WP,unvetted]. + EMAPA:35292 + FMA:50000 + MA:0001945 + NCIT:C52983 + SCTID:369333000 + UMLS:C0226194 + Wikipedia:Dorsal_nasal_artery + dorsal nasal branch of ophthalmic artery + external nasal artery + uberon + arteria dorsalis nasi + UBERON:0001623 + + + dorsal nasal artery + dorsal nasal artery + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/35/Gray515.png + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:28.519470 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.167740 + + + + + The dorsal nasal artery (nasal artery) is an artery of the head. It is one of the two terminal branches of the ophthalmic artery. [WP,unvetted]. + Wikipedia:Dorsal_nasal_artery + + + + + UMLS:C0226194 + ncithesaurus:Dorsal_Nasal_Artery + + + + + dorsal nasal branch of ophthalmic artery + FMA:50000 + + + + + external nasal artery + FMA:50000 + + + + + arteria dorsalis nasi + Wikipedia:Dorsal_nasal_artery + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + One of a pair of arteries on the brain that supply oxygen to most medial portions of frontal lobes and superior medial parietal lobes. The 2 anterior cerebral arteries arise from the internal carotid artery and are part of the Circle of Willis. + EHDAA2:0000128 + EHDAA:5296 + EMAPA:17854 + FMA:50028 + GAID:485 + MA:0001915 + MESH:D020771 + NCIT:C12829 + OpenCyc:Mx4rv8biO5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA + SCTID:181309000 + UMLS:C0149561 + Wikipedia:Anterior_cerebral_artery + uberon + arteria cerebri anterior + UBERON:0001624 + + + anterior cerebral artery + anterior cerebral artery + https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2e/Circle_of_Willis_en.svg + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:28.519466 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.168410 + + + + + One of a pair of arteries on the brain that supply oxygen to most medial portions of frontal lobes and superior medial parietal lobes. The 2 anterior cerebral arteries arise from the internal carotid artery and are part of the Circle of Willis. + Wikipedia:Anterior_cerebral_artery + + + + + UMLS:C0149561 + ncithesaurus:Anterior_Cerebral_Artery + + + + + arteria cerebri anterior + Wikipedia:Anterior_cerebral_artery + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Coronary artery which runs along the right side of the heart and predominantly supplies the mycocardium of the right side of the heart[Wikipedia,modified]. + EHDAA2:0004505 + EMAPA:36532 + FMA:50039 + MA:0002455 + NCIT:C12875 + SCTID:362037006 + UMLS:C1261316 + Wikipedia:Right_coronary_artery + uberon + arteria coronaria dextra + right coronary arterial tree + UBERON:0001625 + + + right coronary artery + right coronary artery + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/46/Gray492.png + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.168010 + + + + + Coronary artery which runs along the right side of the heart and predominantly supplies the mycocardium of the right side of the heart[Wikipedia,modified]. + Wikipedia:Right_coronary_artery + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + UMLS:C1261316 + ncithesaurus:Right_Coronary_Artery + + + + + arteria coronaria dextra + Wikipedia:Right_coronary_artery + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Coronary artery which runs along the left side of the heart and predominantly supplies the mycocardium of the left side of the heart[Wikipedia,modified]. + EHDAA2:0004504 + EMAPA:36531 + FMA:50040 + MA:0002454 + NCIT:C12872 + SCTID:362034004 + UMLS:C1261082 + Wikipedia:Left_coronary_artery + uberon + arteria coronaria sinistra + left coronary arterial tree + UBERON:0001626 + + + left coronary artery + left coronary artery + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/50/Gray495.png + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.167920 + + + + + Coronary artery which runs along the left side of the heart and predominantly supplies the mycocardium of the left side of the heart[Wikipedia,modified]. + Wikipedia:Left_coronary_artery + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + UMLS:C1261082 + ncithesaurus:Left_Coronary_Artery + + + + + arteria coronaria sinistra + Wikipedia:Left_coronary_artery + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The middle cerebral artery (MCA) is one of the three major paired arteries that supplies blood to the cerebrum. The MCA arises from the internal carotid and continues into the lateral sulcus where it then branches and projects to many parts of the lateral cerebral cortex. It also supplies blood to the anterior temporal lobes and the insular cortices. The left and right MCAs rise from trifurcations of the internal carotid arteries and thus are connected to the anterior cerebral arteries and the posterior communicating arteries, which connect to the posterior cerebral arteries. The MCAs are not considered a part of the Circle of Willis. [WP,unvetted]. + BTO:0005206 + EHDAA2:0001179 + EHDAA:5298 + EMAPA:18239 + FMA:50079 + GAID:487 + MA:0001935 + MESH:D020768 + NCIT:C12830 + OpenCyc:Mx4rvh3qQ5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA + SCTID:181312002 + UMLS:C0149566 + Wikipedia:Middle_cerebral_artery + Sylvian artery + uberon + arteria cerebri media + UBERON:0001627 + + + middle cerebral artery + middle cerebral artery + https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2e/Circle_of_Willis_en.svg + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:28.519555 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.167752 + + + + + The middle cerebral artery (MCA) is one of the three major paired arteries that supplies blood to the cerebrum. The MCA arises from the internal carotid and continues into the lateral sulcus where it then branches and projects to many parts of the lateral cerebral cortex. It also supplies blood to the anterior temporal lobes and the insular cortices. The left and right MCAs rise from trifurcations of the internal carotid arteries and thus are connected to the anterior cerebral arteries and the posterior communicating arteries, which connect to the posterior cerebral arteries. The MCAs are not considered a part of the Circle of Willis. [WP,unvetted]. + Wikipedia:Middle_cerebral_artery + + + + + UMLS:C0149566 + ncithesaurus:Middle_Cerebral_Artery + + + + + arteria cerebri media + Wikipedia:Middle_cerebral_artery + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + One of a pair of right-sided and left-sided blood vessels in the circle of Willis. It connects the three cerebral arteries of the same side. Anteriorly, it is one portion of the terminal trifurcation of the internal carotid artery. The anterior cerebral artery and the middle cerebral artery are the other two branches of the trifurcation. Posteriorly, it communicates with the posterior cerebral artery. + An artery that connects caudal division of the internal carotid artery and the basal communicating artery to the basilar artery. Isogai et al. 2001.[TAO] + todo - verify ZFA link: An artery that connects caudal division of the internal carotid artery and the basal communicating artery to the basilar artery + EHDAA2:0004518 + EHDAA:3352 + EMAPA:18600 + FMA:50084 + MA:0002023 + NCIT:C33357 + OpenCyc:Mx4rwDDlqpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA + RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001487 + SCTID:181314001 + TAO:0005001 + UMLS:C0149559 + Wikipedia:Posterior_communicating_artery + ZFA:0005001 + caudal communicating segment + posterior communicating segment of the basilar artery + uberon + PCA + PCS + arteria cerebri communicans posterior + UBERON:0001628 + + + + posterior communicating artery + posterior communicating artery + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2e/Circle_of_Willis_en.svg + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:28.519412 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.165620 + + + + + One of a pair of right-sided and left-sided blood vessels in the circle of Willis. It connects the three cerebral arteries of the same side. Anteriorly, it is one portion of the terminal trifurcation of the internal carotid artery. The anterior cerebral artery and the middle cerebral artery are the other two branches of the trifurcation. Posteriorly, it communicates with the posterior cerebral artery. + Wikipedia:Posterior_communicating_artery + + + + + An artery that connects caudal division of the internal carotid artery and the basal communicating artery to the basilar artery. Isogai et al. 2001.[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0005001 + TAO + ZFIN:curator + + + + + UMLS:C0149559 + ncithesaurus:Posterior_Communicating_Artery + + + + + caudal communicating segment + ZFA:0005001 + + + + + posterior communicating segment of the basilar artery + ZFA:0005001 + + + + + arteria cerebri communicans posterior + Wikipedia:Posterior_communicating_artery + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A major lymphatic vessel that drains lymph from the lower body, left appendage, and left thorax into the junction of the left jugular and subclavian veins. + placement of the ZFA class here is dubious + Lymphatic trunk that connects all tributaries of the thoracic duct tree to the trunk of the left brachiocephalic vein. + The thoracic duct is the first perfused lymphatic, located between the dorsal aorta and posterior cardinal vein. + EHDAA2:0004501 + EMAPA:19310 + FMA:5031 + GAID:1290 + MA:0002801 + MESH:A15.382.520.869 + NCIT:C33768 + SCTID:362600004 + TAO:0005110 + UMLS:C0039979 + Wikipedia:Thoracic_duct + ZFA:0005110 + trunk of thoracic duct tree + uberon + ductus thoracicus + UBERON:0001631 + + + + + thoracic duct + thoracic duct + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/75/Gray599.png + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:11:23.830457 + + + + + A major lymphatic vessel that drains lymph from the lower body, left appendage, and left thorax into the junction of the left jugular and subclavian veins. + Wikipedia:Thoracic_duct + + + + + Lymphatic trunk that connects all tributaries of the thoracic duct tree to the trunk of the left brachiocephalic vein. + FMA:5031 + + + + + The thoracic duct is the first perfused lymphatic, located between the dorsal aorta and posterior cardinal vein. + ZFA:0005110 + + + + + UMLS:C0039979 + ncithesaurus:Thoracic_Duct + + + + + ductus thoracicus + Wikipedia:Thoracic_duct + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A major artery that supplues the hindbrain and runs along the ventral keel of the hindbrain. + Artery that runs along the ventral keel of the hindbrain. It lies between the primordial hindbrain channels(PHBC). It irrigates the hindbrain and is connected, through the hindbrain, to the PHBC by the central arteries. + The unpaired artery that is formed by the union of the two vertebral arteries, runs forward within the skull just under the pons, divides into the two posterior cerebral arteries, and supplies the pons, cerebellum, posterior part of the cerebrum, and the inner ear[MP]. + The major artery supplying the hindbrain, the basilar artery, runs along the ventral keel of the hindbrain in all vertebrates.[well established][VHOG] + EHDAA2:0000163 + EHDAA:5285 + EMAPA:17307 + FMA:50542 + GAID:474 + MA:0001920 + MESH:D001488 + NCIT:C12676 + OpenCyc:Mx4rwJTtcZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA + SCTID:244215004 + TAO:0005002 + UMLS:C0004811 + VHOG:0000237 + Wikipedia:Basilar_artery + ZFA:0005002 + uberon + BA + UBERON:0001633 + + + + + + basilar artery + basilar artery + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2e/Circle_of_Willis_en.svg + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:28.519634 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.168224 + + + + + A major artery that supplues the hindbrain and runs along the ventral keel of the hindbrain. + BGEE:ann + + + + + Artery that runs along the ventral keel of the hindbrain. It lies between the primordial hindbrain channels(PHBC). It irrigates the hindbrain and is connected, through the hindbrain, to the PHBC by the central arteries. + ZFA:0005002 + + + + + The unpaired artery that is formed by the union of the two vertebral arteries, runs forward within the skull just under the pons, divides into the two posterior cerebral arteries, and supplies the pons, cerebellum, posterior part of the cerebrum, and the inner ear[MP]. + MP:0013186 + + + + + The major artery supplying the hindbrain, the basilar artery, runs along the ventral keel of the hindbrain in all vertebrates.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000237 + VHOG + DOI:10.1242/dev.058776 Fujita M, Cha YR, Pham VN, Sakurai A, Roman BL, Gutkind JS, Weinstein BM, Assembly and patterning of the vascular network of the vertebrate hindbrain. Development (2011) + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + UMLS:C0004811 + ncithesaurus:Basilar_Artery + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The major artery of the midbrain, which crosses the midbrain medially to meet its partner the mesencephalic vein. + review this term, check taxon scope + Develops from the proximal portion of the primitive mesencephalic artery. Isogai et al. 2001.[TAO] + Develops from the proximal portion of the primitive mesencephalic artery[ZFA:0001068, ZFIN:ZDB-PUB-010205-5]. + relationship loss: develops_from primitive mesencephalic artery (TAO:0001062)[TAO] + FMA:50570 + TAO:0001068 + XAO:0004173 + ZFA:0001068 + MsA + uberon + UBERON:0001634 + + mesencephalic artery + mesencephalic artery + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.166931 + + + + + The major artery of the midbrain, which crosses the midbrain medially to meet its partner the mesencephalic vein. + PMID:12606281 + XAO:0004173 + + + + + Develops from the proximal portion of the primitive mesencephalic artery. Isogai et al. 2001.[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0001068 + TAO + ZFIN:curator + + + + + Develops from the proximal portion of the primitive mesencephalic artery[ZFA:0001068, ZFIN:ZDB-PUB-010205-5]. + ZFA:0001068, ZFIN:ZDB-PUB-010205-5 + + + + + relationship loss: develops_from primitive mesencephalic artery (TAO:0001062)[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0001068 + TAO + + + + + MsA + ZFA:0001068 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The superior cerebellar artery (SCA) arises near the termination of the basilar artery. It passes lateralward, immediately below the oculomotor nerve, which separates it from the posterior cerebral artery, winds around the cerebral peduncle, close to the trochlear nerve, and, arriving at the upper surface of the cerebellum, divides into branches which ramify in the pia mater and anastomose with those of the inferior cerebellar arteries. Several branches are given to the pineal body, the anterior medullary velum, and the tela chorioidea of the third ventricle. [WP,unvetted]. + EHDAA2:0000681 + EMAPA:19309 + FMA:50573 + MA:0001934 + NCIT:C33669 + SCTID:244214000 + UMLS:C0149575 + Wikipedia:Superior_cerebellar_artery + uberon + arteria superior cerebelli + UBERON:0001635 + + + superior cerebellar artery + superior cerebellar artery + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e1/CerebellumArteries.jpg + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:28.519741 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.166871 + + + + + The superior cerebellar artery (SCA) arises near the termination of the basilar artery. It passes lateralward, immediately below the oculomotor nerve, which separates it from the posterior cerebral artery, winds around the cerebral peduncle, close to the trochlear nerve, and, arriving at the upper surface of the cerebellum, divides into branches which ramify in the pia mater and anastomose with those of the inferior cerebellar arteries. Several branches are given to the pineal body, the anterior medullary velum, and the tela chorioidea of the third ventricle. [WP,unvetted]. + Wikipedia:Superior_cerebellar_artery + + + + + UMLS:C0149575 + ncithesaurus:Superior_Cerebellar_Artery + + + + + arteria superior cerebelli + Wikipedia:Superior_cerebellar_artery + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The posterior cerebral artery (PCA) is one of a pair of blood vessels that supplies oxygenated blood to the posterior aspect of the brain in human anatomy]. It arises near the intersection of the posterior communicating artery and the basilar artery and connects with the ipsilateral middle cerebral artery (MCA) and internal carotid artery via the posterior communicating artery (PCommA). [WP,unvetted]. + EHDAA2:0000659 + EMAPA:17861 + FMA:50583 + GAID:488 + MA:0002022 + MESH:D020769 + NCIT:C12831 + OpenCyc:Mx4rwO4qIJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA + SCTID:181313007 + UMLS:C0149576 + Wikipedia:Posterior_cerebral_artery + uberon + arteria cerebri posterior + UBERON:0001636 + + + posterior cerebral artery + posterior cerebral artery + https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2e/Circle_of_Willis_en.svg + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:28.519605 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.165628 + + + + + The posterior cerebral artery (PCA) is one of a pair of blood vessels that supplies oxygenated blood to the posterior aspect of the brain in human anatomy]. It arises near the intersection of the posterior communicating artery and the basilar artery and connects with the ipsilateral middle cerebral artery (MCA) and internal carotid artery via the posterior communicating artery (PCommA). [WP,unvetted]. + Wikipedia:Posterior_cerebral_artery + + + + + UMLS:C0149576 + ncithesaurus:Posterior_Cerebral_Artery + + + + + arteria cerebri posterior + Wikipedia:Posterior_cerebral_artery + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A portal vein that transports nutrients from the digestive tract to the liver[Kardong]. + Adults of all vertebrates lose the vitelline veins and establish a single large hepatic portal vein (...) by the selective retention of parts of the left and right subintestinals and of several anastomoses that occur between them within and just posterior to the liver.[well established][VHOG] + In humans A vein in the abdominal cavity that drains blood from the gastrointestinal tract and spleen. It is usually formed by the confluence of the superior mesenteric and splenic veins, and also receives blood from the inferior mesenteric, gastric, and cystic veins. The hepatic portal vein is a major component of the hepatic portal system, one of the main portal venous systems in the body. Conditions involving the hepatic portal vein cause considerable illness and death. An important example of such a condition is elevated blood pressure in the hepatic portal vein. This condition, called portal hypertension, is a major complication of cirrhosis worldwide. [WP,unvetted] + AAO:0010214 + FMA:50735 + MA:0002132 + TAO:0005090 + VHOG:0000642 + Wikipedia:Hepatic_portal_vein + ZFA:0005090 + hepatic portal tree + liver portal vein + portal vein of liver + uberon + HPV + portal vein + primary hepatic portal vein + primary hepatic portal veins + vena portae hepatis + UBERON:0001639 + + + + + hepatic portal vein + hepatic portal vein + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/33/Gray591.png + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.167729 + + + + + A portal vein that transports nutrients from the digestive tract to the liver[Kardong]. + ISBN:0073040584 + Wikipedia:Hepatic_portal_vein + http://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&aid=3091300&group_id=76834&atid=1205376 + + + + + Adults of all vertebrates lose the vitelline veins and establish a single large hepatic portal vein (...) by the selective retention of parts of the left and right subintestinals and of several anastomoses that occur between them within and just posterior to the liver.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000642 + VHOG + ISBN:978-0471090588 Hildebrand M, Analysis of vertebrate structure (1983) p.265 + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + liver portal vein + OBOL:automatic + + + + + portal vein of liver + OBOL:automatic + + + + + portal vein + + + + + + primary hepatic portal vein + ZFA:0005090 + + + + + vena portae hepatis + Wikipedia:Hepatic_portal_vein + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The first major branch of the abdominal aorta. + EHDAA2:0004519 + EMAPA:35202 + FMA:50737 + GAID:483 + MA:0001931 + MESH:D002445 + NCIT:C52846 + SCTID:181340007 + UMLS:C0007569 + Wikipedia:Celiac_artery + celiac tree + coeliac artery + uberon + arteria coeliaca + arteria cœliaca + celiac trunk + coeliac axis + coeliac trunck + coeliac trunk + truncus coeliacus + truncus cœliacus + UBERON:0001640 + + + dorsal aorta in Kardong + + celiac artery + celiac artery + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Gray532.png + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:28.519479 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.166154 + + + + + The first major branch of the abdominal aorta. + Wikipedia:Celiac_artery + + + + + UMLS:C0007569 + ncithesaurus:Coeliac_Artery + + + + + coeliac artery + Wikipedia:Celiac_artery + + + + + arteria coeliaca + Wikipedia:Celiac_artery + + + + + + arteria cœliaca + Wikipedia:Celiac_artery + + + + + + celiac trunk + Wikipedia:Celiac_artery + + + + + coeliac axis + Wikipedia:Celiac_artery + + + + + coeliac trunck + Wikipedia:Celiac_artery + + + + + coeliac trunk + Wikipedia:Celiac_artery + + + + + truncus coeliacus + Wikipedia:Celiac_artery + + + + + truncus coeliacus + Wikipedia:Celiac_artery + + + + + + truncus cœliacus + Wikipedia:Celiac_artery + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + One of the dural venous sinuses and drains the superior sagittal sinus the occipital sinus and the straight sinus, and empties into the sigmoid sinus which in turn reaches the jugular bulb. + TODO - check subclasses + EMAPA:18637 + FMA:50763 + MA:0001868 + OpenCyc:Mx4rwDb62ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA + SCTID:279262004 + Wikipedia:Transverse_sinuses + ncithesaurus:Transverse_Sinus + sinus transversus durae matris + uberon + groove for right and left transverse sinuses + lateral sinus + sinus transversus + transverse sinus + transverse sinus vein + UBERON:0001641 + + + transverse sinus + transverse sinus + Gray488:blue.gif + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.168015 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:48.278431 + + + + + One of the dural venous sinuses and drains the superior sagittal sinus the occipital sinus and the straight sinus, and empties into the sigmoid sinus which in turn reaches the jugular bulb. + http://radiopaedia.org/articles/transverse-sinus + + + + + sinus transversus durae matris + Wikipedia:Transverse_sinuses + + + + + + groove for right and left transverse sinuses + Wikipedia:Transverse_sinuses + + + + + lateral sinus + FMA:50763 + + + + + sinus transversus + Wikipedia:Transverse_sinuses + + + + + transverse sinus + Wikipedia:Transverse_sinuses + + + + + transverse sinus vein + Wikipedia:Transverse_sinuses + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The superior sagittal sinus (also known as the superior longitudinal sinus), within a human cranium, is an area above/behind the brain, which allows blood veins to span the area, from the top of the head towards the back. It is believed that the cerebrospinal fluid drains through the arachnoid granulations into the dural venous sinuses of the superior sagittal sinus. [WP,unvetted]. + EMAPA:18636 + FMA:50767 + MA:0001867 + NCIT:C12515 + OpenCyc:Mx4rv9naEJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA + SCTID:362075006 + UMLS:C0226859 + Wikipedia:Superior_sagittal_sinus + uberon + sinus sagittalis superior + UBERON:0001642 + + + superior sagittal sinus + superior sagittal sinus + Gray488:blue.gif + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.166566 + + + + + The superior sagittal sinus (also known as the superior longitudinal sinus), within a human cranium, is an area above/behind the brain, which allows blood veins to span the area, from the top of the head towards the back. It is believed that the cerebrospinal fluid drains through the arachnoid granulations into the dural venous sinuses of the superior sagittal sinus. [WP,unvetted]. + Wikipedia:Superior_sagittal_sinus + + + + + UMLS:C0226859 + ncithesaurus:Superior_Sagittal_Sinus + + + + + sinus sagittalis superior + Wikipedia:Superior_sagittal_sinus + + + + + + + + + + Cranial nerve which connects the midbrain to the extra-ocular and intra-ocular muscles. + Somatic efferent fibers which innervate four eye muscles.[AAO] + We conclude this section by listing some of the many synapomorphies of craniates, including (...) (5) cranial nerves (...) (reference 1); Phylogenetically, the cranial nerves are thought to have evolved from dorsal and ventral nerves of a few anterior spinal nerves that became incorporated into the braincase. Dorsal and ventral nerves fuse in the trunk but not in the head, and they produce two series: dorsal cranial nerves (V, VII, IX, and X) and ventral cranial nerves (III, IV, VI, and XIII) (reference 2).[well established][VHOG] + 3n + AAO:0010468 + BAMS:3n + BAMS:IIIn + BIRNLEX:1646 + BM:MB-IIIN + EHDAA2:0001284 + EHDAA:3736 + EMAPA:17574 + FMA:50864 + GAID:829 + HBA:9316 + MA:0001095 + MBA:832 + MESH:D009802 + NCIT:C12758 + OpenCyc:Mx4rvj7pZpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA + SCTID:362456009 + TAO:0000405 + UMLS:C0028864 + VHOG:0000692 + Wikipedia:Oculomotor_nerve + XAO:0003090 + ZFA:0000405 + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=488 + nervus oculomotorius + nervus oculomotorius [III] + oculomotor III + oculomotor III nerve + oculomotor nerve [III] + oculomotor nerve tree + third cranial nerve + uberon + CN-III + cranial nerve III + nerve III + occulomotor + oculomotor nerve or its root + UBERON:0001643 + + + + + oculomotor nerve + oculomotor nerve + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/69/Gray776.png + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:13:46.282487 + + + + + Cranial nerve which connects the midbrain to the extra-ocular and intra-ocular muscles. + ISBN:0471209627 + Wikipedia:Oculomotor_nerve + + + + + Somatic efferent fibers which innervate four eye muscles.[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0010468 + AAO + AAO:EJS + + + + + We conclude this section by listing some of the many synapomorphies of craniates, including (...) (5) cranial nerves (...) (reference 1); Phylogenetically, the cranial nerves are thought to have evolved from dorsal and ventral nerves of a few anterior spinal nerves that became incorporated into the braincase. Dorsal and ventral nerves fuse in the trunk but not in the head, and they produce two series: dorsal cranial nerves (V, VII, IX, and X) and ventral cranial nerves (III, IV, VI, and XIII) (reference 2).[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000692 + VHOG + ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.43, ISBN:978-0072528305 Kardong KV, Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy, Function, Evolution (2006) p.625 + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + 3n + BIRNLEX:1646 + NIFSTD:NeuroNames_abbrevSource + + + + + + UMLS:C0028864 + BIRNLEX:1646 + + + + + UMLS:C0028864 + ncithesaurus:Oculomotor_Nerve + + + + + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=488 + BIRNLEX:1646 + + + + + nervus oculomotorius + Wikipedia:Oculomotor_nerve + + + + + + nervus oculomotorius [III] + FMA:50864 + FMA:TA + + + + + + oculomotor III + EHDAA2:0001284 + + + + + nerve III + NeuroNames:488 + + + + + oculomotor nerve or its root + BAMS:3n + + + + + + + + + A cranial nerve that runs to the eye muscles. + Somatic efferent nerve which supplies a single eye muscle, the m. obliquus superior.[AAO] + We conclude this section by listing some of the many synapomorphies of craniates, including (...) (5) cranial nerves (...) (reference 1); Phylogenetically, the cranial nerves are thought to have evolved from dorsal and ventral nerves of a few anterior spinal nerves that became incorporated into the braincase. Dorsal and ventral nerves fuse in the trunk but not in the head, and they produce two series: dorsal cranial nerves (V, VII, IX, and X) and ventral cranial nerves (III, IV, VI, and XIII) (reference 2).[well established][VHOG] + Homologous trochlear nerves are found in all jawed vertebrates + The human trochlear nerve is derived from the basal plate of the embryonic midbrain. + 4n + AAO:0010469 + BAMS:4n + BAMS:IVn + BAMS:nIV + BIRNLEX:1654 + BM:IVN + EHDAA2:0002090 + EMAPA:18218 + FMA:50865 + GAID:838 + HBA:9319 + MA:0001105 + MBA:911 + MESH:D014321 + NCIT:C12808 + OpenCyc:Mx4rvyeBQ5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA + SCTID:180939009 + TAO:0000600 + UMLS:C0041159 + VHOG:0000705 + Wikipedia:Trochlear_nerve + XAO:0003091 + ZFA:0000600 + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=466 + cranial nerve IV + fourth cranial nerve + nervus trochlearis [IV] + superior oblique nerve + trochlear IV nerve + trochlear nerve [IV] + trochlear nerve tree + uberon + CN-IV + nerve IV + nervus trochlearis + pathetic nerve + trochlear + trochlear nerve or its root + trochlear nerve/root + UBERON:0001644 + + + + + trochlear nerve + trochlear nerve + Trochlear:nerve.png + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:13:46.282482 + + + + + A cranial nerve that runs to the eye muscles. + ISBN:0471209627 + Wikipedia:Trochlear_nerve + + + + + Somatic efferent nerve which supplies a single eye muscle, the m. obliquus superior.[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0010469 + AAO + AAO:EJS + + + + + We conclude this section by listing some of the many synapomorphies of craniates, including (...) (5) cranial nerves (...) (reference 1); Phylogenetically, the cranial nerves are thought to have evolved from dorsal and ventral nerves of a few anterior spinal nerves that became incorporated into the braincase. Dorsal and ventral nerves fuse in the trunk but not in the head, and they produce two series: dorsal cranial nerves (V, VII, IX, and X) and ventral cranial nerves (III, IV, VI, and XIII) (reference 2).[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000705 + VHOG + ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.43, ISBN:978-0072528305 Kardong KV, Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy, Function, Evolution (2006) p.625 + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + 4n + BIRNLEX:1654 + NIFSTD:NeuroNames_abbrevSource + + + + + + UMLS:C0041159 + BIRNLEX:1654 + + + + + UMLS:C0041159 + ncithesaurus:Trochlear_Nerve + + + + + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=466 + BIRNLEX:1654 + + + + + cranial nerve IV + VHOG:0000705 + ZFA:0000600 + + + + + nervus trochlearis [IV] + FMA:50865 + FMA:TA + + + + + + trochlear IV nerve + MA:0001105 + + + + + nerve IV + NeuroNames:466 + + + + + nervus trochlearis + Wikipedia:Trochlear_nerve + + + + + + pathetic nerve + VHOG:0000705 + + + + + trochlear + VHOG:0000705 + + + + + trochlear nerve or its root + BAMS:4n + + + + + trochlear nerve/root + BAMS:4n + + + + + + + + + Cranial nerve that has three branches - the ophthalmic (supplying the skin of the nose and upper jaw), the maxillary and the mandibular (supplying the lower jaw). + Nerve consists of motor and sensory components. Ganglion cells of the sensory component form the proximal part of the trigeminal (Gasserian) ganglion. From the ganglion 3 major rami innervate jaws, snout, and buccal roof.[AAO] + We conclude this section by listing some of the many synapomorphies of craniates, including (...) (5) cranial nerves (...) (reference 1); Phylogenetically, the cranial nerves are thought to have evolved from dorsal and ventral nerves of a few anterior spinal nerves that became incorporated into the braincase. Dorsal and ventral nerves fuse in the trunk but not in the head, and they produce two series: dorsal cranial nerves (V, VII, IX, and X) and ventral cranial nerves (III, IV, VI, and XIII) (reference 2).[well established][VHOG] + the ophthalmic usually usually merges with the other two. In some vertebrates, the ophthalmic emerges from the brain separately[Kardong] The trigeminal nerve has 3 branches in mammals - similar branches are present in nonmammalian vertebrates, but in some a separate profundus nerve that corresponds to opthalmic branch in mammls + 5n + AAO:0010470 + BAMS:5n + BAMS:Vn + BAMS:nV + BIRNLEX:869 + BM:VN + BTO:0001072 + EFO:0001402 + EHDAA2:0002084 + EHDAA:3738 + EMAPA:17576 + FMA:50866 + GAID:726 + HBA:9322 + MA:0001100 + MBA:901 + MESH:D014276 + MFMO:0000093 + NCIT:C12806 + OpenCyc:Mx4rwMF8CJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA + SCTID:362459002 + TAO:0000697 + UMLS:C0040996 + VHOG:0000704 + Wikipedia:Trigeminal_nerve + XAO:0003092 + ZFA:0000697 + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=549 + fifth cranial nerve + nervus trigeminus + nervus trigeminus [v] + trigeminal V + trigeminal nerve [V] + trigeminal nerve tree + trigeminal v nerve + uberon + CN-V + cranial nerve V + nerve V + nervus trigeminus + trigeminus + UBERON:0001645 + + + + + + trigeminal nerve + trigeminal nerve + Gray778:Trigeminal.png + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:13:46.282470 + + + + + Cranial nerve that has three branches - the ophthalmic (supplying the skin of the nose and upper jaw), the maxillary and the mandibular (supplying the lower jaw). + ISBN:0471209627 + Wikipedia:Trigeminal_nerve + + + + + Nerve consists of motor and sensory components. Ganglion cells of the sensory component form the proximal part of the trigeminal (Gasserian) ganglion. From the ganglion 3 major rami innervate jaws, snout, and buccal roof.[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0010470 + AAO + AAO:EJS + + + + + We conclude this section by listing some of the many synapomorphies of craniates, including (...) (5) cranial nerves (...) (reference 1); Phylogenetically, the cranial nerves are thought to have evolved from dorsal and ventral nerves of a few anterior spinal nerves that became incorporated into the braincase. Dorsal and ventral nerves fuse in the trunk but not in the head, and they produce two series: dorsal cranial nerves (V, VII, IX, and X) and ventral cranial nerves (III, IV, VI, and XIII) (reference 2).[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000704 + VHOG + ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.43, ISBN:978-0072528305 Kardong KV, Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy, Function, Evolution (2006) p.625 + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + the ophthalmic usually usually merges with the other two. In some vertebrates, the ophthalmic emerges from the brain separately[Kardong] The trigeminal nerve has 3 branches in mammals - similar branches are present in nonmammalian vertebrates, but in some a separate profundus nerve that corresponds to opthalmic branch in mammls + ISBN:0471888893 + + + + + 5n + BIRNLEX:869 + NIFSTD:NeuroNames_abbrevSource + + + + + + UMLS:C0040996 + BIRNLEX:869 + + + + + UMLS:C0040996 + ncithesaurus:Trigeminal_Nerve + + + + + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=549 + BIRNLEX:869 + + + + + nervus trigeminus + Wikipedia:Trigeminal_nerve + + + + + + nervus trigeminus [v] + FMA:50866 + FMA:TA + + + + + + trigeminal V + EHDAA2:0002084 + + + + + nerve V + NeuroNames:549 + + + + + nervus trigeminus + BTO:0001072 + + + + + trigeminus + BTO:0001072 + + + + + + + + + Cranial nerve that runs to the eye muscles. + Somatic motor nerve which bifurcates innervating m. rectus lateralis and m. retractor bulbi (eye muscles).[AAO] + We conclude this section by listing some of the many synapomorphies of craniates, including (...) (5) cranial nerves (...) (reference 1); Phylogenetically, the cranial nerves are thought to have evolved from dorsal and ventral nerves of a few anterior spinal nerves that became incorporated into the braincase. Dorsal and ventral nerves fuse in the trunk but not in the head, and they produce two series: dorsal cranial nerves (V, VII, IX, and X) and ventral cranial nerves (III, IV, VI, and XIII) (reference 2).[well established][VHOG] + Homologous abducens nerves are found in all vertebrates except lampreys and hagfishes.[WP] It controls the movement of a single muscle, the lateral rectus muscle of the eye, in humans. In most other mammals it also innervates the musculus retractor bulbi, which can retract the eye for protection + 6n + AAO:0010471 + BAMS:VIn + BIRNLEX:876 + BM:Pons-VIN + EHDAA2:0000103 + EMAPA:18216 + FMA:50867 + GAID:824 + HBA:9325 + MA:0001087 + MBA:710 + MESH:D000010 + NCIT:C12665 + OpenCyc:Mx4rvjl41ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA + SCTID:180941005 + TAO:0000310 + UMLS:C0000741 + VHOG:0000697 + Wikipedia:Abducens_nerve + XAO:0003093 + ZFA:0000310 + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=550 + abducens VI nerve + abducens nerve [VI] + abducens nerve tree + abducent nerve [VI] + lateral rectus nerve + nervus abducens + nervus abducens [VI] + sixth cranial nerve + uberon + CN-VI + abducens nerve/root + abducent nerve + abducents VI nerve + cranial nerve VI + nerve VI + nervus abducens + UBERON:0001646 + + + + + abducens nerve + abducens nerve + Abducens:nerve1.png + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:13:46.282456 + + + + + Cranial nerve that runs to the eye muscles. + ISBN:0471209627 + Wikipedia:Abducens_nerve + + + + + Somatic motor nerve which bifurcates innervating m. rectus lateralis and m. retractor bulbi (eye muscles).[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0010471 + AAO + AAO:EJS + + + + + We conclude this section by listing some of the many synapomorphies of craniates, including (...) (5) cranial nerves (...) (reference 1); Phylogenetically, the cranial nerves are thought to have evolved from dorsal and ventral nerves of a few anterior spinal nerves that became incorporated into the braincase. Dorsal and ventral nerves fuse in the trunk but not in the head, and they produce two series: dorsal cranial nerves (V, VII, IX, and X) and ventral cranial nerves (III, IV, VI, and XIII) (reference 2).[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000697 + VHOG + ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.43, ISBN:978-0072528305 Kardong KV, Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy, Function, Evolution (2006) p.625 + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + Homologous abducens nerves are found in all vertebrates except lampreys and hagfishes.[WP] It controls the movement of a single muscle, the lateral rectus muscle of the eye, in humans. In most other mammals it also innervates the musculus retractor bulbi, which can retract the eye for protection + WP + + + + + 6n + BIRNLEX:876 + NIFSTD:NeuroNames_abbrevSource + + + + + + UMLS:C0000741 + BIRNLEX:876 + + + + + UMLS:C0000741 + ncithesaurus:Abducens_Nerve + + + + + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=550 + BIRNLEX:876 + + + + + nervus abducens [VI] + FMA:50867 + FMA:TA + + + + + + abducens nerve/root + BAMS:6n + + + + + abducents VI nerve + EMAPA:18216 + + + + + nerve VI + NeuroNames:550 + + + + + nervus abducens + Wikipedia:Abducens_nerve + + + + + + + + + + Cranial nerve that branches into the supraorbital (supplying the skin of the eye region and the lateral line organs here), the palatine (to the roof of the buccal cavity), and the hyomandibular (dividing into the jugular and mental branches). + Slender nerve composed of branchiomotor and visceral efferent fibers innervating the mouth and various muscles within the jaw. Sensory components innervate the bucccal roof and somatomotor components innervate the depressor musculature and muscle interhyoideus.[AAO] + We conclude this section by listing some of the many synapomorphies of craniates, including (...) (5) cranial nerves (...) (reference 1); Phylogenetically, the cranial nerves are thought to have evolved from dorsal and ventral nerves of a few anterior spinal nerves that became incorporated into the braincase. Dorsal and ventral nerves fuse in the trunk but not in the head, and they produce two series: dorsal cranial nerves (V, VII, IX, and X) and ventral cranial nerves (III, IV, VI, and XIII) (reference 2).[well established][VHOG] + 7n + AAO:0010472 + BAMS:7n + BAMS:VIIn + BAMS:Viin + BAMS:nVII + BIRNLEX:827 + BM:Pons-VIIN + EHDAA2:0000489 + EHDAA:3729 + EMAPA:17796 + FMA:50868 + GAID:719 + HBA:9328 + MA:0001091 + MBA:798 + MESH:D005154 + NCIT:C12714 + OpenCyc:Mx4rvthgEpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA + SCTID:362460007 + TAO:0000664 + UMLS:C0015462 + VHOG:0000706 + Wikipedia:Facial_nerve + XAO:0003094 + ZFA:0000664 + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=551 + branchiomeric cranial nerve + face nerve + facial VII + facial VII nerve + facial nerve [VII] + facial nerve tree + nerve of face + nervus facialis + nervus facialis [vii] + seventh cranial nerve + uberon + CN-VII + cranial nerve VII + facial nerve or its root + facial nerve/root + nerve VII + nervus facialis + UBERON:0001647 + + + + + facial nerve + facial nerve + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1f/Cranial_nerve_VII.svg + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:13:46.282485 + + + + + Cranial nerve that branches into the supraorbital (supplying the skin of the eye region and the lateral line organs here), the palatine (to the roof of the buccal cavity), and the hyomandibular (dividing into the jugular and mental branches). + ISBN:0471209627 + Wikipedia:Facial_nerve + + + + + Slender nerve composed of branchiomotor and visceral efferent fibers innervating the mouth and various muscles within the jaw. Sensory components innervate the bucccal roof and somatomotor components innervate the depressor musculature and muscle interhyoideus.[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0010472 + AAO + AAO:DSM + + + + + We conclude this section by listing some of the many synapomorphies of craniates, including (...) (5) cranial nerves (...) (reference 1); Phylogenetically, the cranial nerves are thought to have evolved from dorsal and ventral nerves of a few anterior spinal nerves that became incorporated into the braincase. Dorsal and ventral nerves fuse in the trunk but not in the head, and they produce two series: dorsal cranial nerves (V, VII, IX, and X) and ventral cranial nerves (III, IV, VI, and XIII) (reference 2).[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000706 + VHOG + ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.43, ISBN:978-0072528305 Kardong KV, Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy, Function, Evolution (2006) p.625 + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + 7n + BIRNLEX:827 + NIFSTD:NeuroNames_abbrevSource + + + + + + UMLS:C0015462 + BIRNLEX:827 + + + + + UMLS:C0015462 + ncithesaurus:Facial_Nerve + + + + + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=551 + BIRNLEX:827 + + + + + face nerve + OBOL:automatic + + + + + facial VII + EHDAA2:0000489 + + + + + nerve of face + OBOL:automatic + + + + + nervus facialis + ZFA:0000664 + + + + + nervus facialis [vii] + FMA:50868 + FMA:TA + + + + + + facial nerve or its root + BAMS:7n + + + + + facial nerve/root + BAMS:7n + + + + + nerve VII + NeuroNames:551 + + + + + nervus facialis + Wikipedia:Facial_nerve + + + + + + + + + + Cranial nerve that transmits sound and equilibrium (balance) information from the inner ear to the brain. + Nerve primarily composed of special somatic afferent fibers innervating the inner ear, and is involved in balance, position, and hearing.[AAO] + We conclude this section by listing some of the many synapomorphies of craniates, including (...) (5) cranial nerves (...) (reference 1); Phylogenetically, the cranial nerves are thought to have evolved from dorsal and ventral nerves of a few anterior spinal nerves that became incorporated into the braincase. Dorsal and ventral nerves fuse in the trunk but not in the head, and they produce two series: dorsal cranial nerves (V, VII, IX, and X) and ventral cranial nerves (III, IV, VI, and XIII) (reference 2).[well established][VHOG] + 8n + AAO:0010473 + BAMS:8n + BAMS:VIIIn + BAMS:nVIII + BIRNLEX:890 + BTO:0003490 + EHDAA2:0002194 + EMAPA:17801 + FMA:50869 + GAID:839 + HBA:9331 + MA:0001109 + MBA:933 + MESH:D000159 + NCIT:C12996 + OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjMFZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA + SCTID:180945001 + TAO:0000247 + UMLS:C0001162 + UMLS:C1278835 + VHOG:0000695 + Wikipedia:Vestibulocochlear_nerve + XAO:0003095 + ZFA:0000247 + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=553 + CN-VIII + VIII nerve + VIIIth cranial nerve + acoustic VIII nerve + acoustic nerve + acoustic nerve (Crosby) + cochlear-vestibular nerve + cochleovestibular nerve + cranial nerve VIII + eighth cranial nerve + nervus vestibulocochlearis [viii] + stato-acoustic nerve + vestibulocochlear VIII nerve + vestibulocochlear nerve [VIII] + vestibulocochlear nerve tree + uberon + nervus octavus + nervus statoacusticus + nervus vestibulocochlearis + octaval nerve + statoacoustic nerve + UBERON:0001648 + + + + + vestibulocochlear nerve + vestibulocochlear nerve + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7d/Gray789.png + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:13:46.282478 + + + + + Cranial nerve that transmits sound and equilibrium (balance) information from the inner ear to the brain. + ISBN:0471209627 + Wikipedia:Vestibulocochlear_nerve + + + + + Nerve primarily composed of special somatic afferent fibers innervating the inner ear, and is involved in balance, position, and hearing.[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0010473 + AAO + AAO:DSM + + + + + We conclude this section by listing some of the many synapomorphies of craniates, including (...) (5) cranial nerves (...) (reference 1); Phylogenetically, the cranial nerves are thought to have evolved from dorsal and ventral nerves of a few anterior spinal nerves that became incorporated into the braincase. Dorsal and ventral nerves fuse in the trunk but not in the head, and they produce two series: dorsal cranial nerves (V, VII, IX, and X) and ventral cranial nerves (III, IV, VI, and XIII) (reference 2).[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000695 + VHOG + ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.43, ISBN:978-0072528305 Kardong KV, Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy, Function, Evolution (2006) p.625 + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + 8n + BIRNLEX:890 + NIFSTD:NeuroNames_abbrevSource + + + + + + UMLS:C0001162 + BIRNLEX:890 + + + + + UMLS:C0001162 + ncithesaurus:Vestibulocochlear_Nerve + + + + + UMLS:C1278835 + BIRNLEX:890 + + + + + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=553 + BIRNLEX:890 + + + + + acoustic nerve + FMA:50869 + + + + + nervus vestibulocochlearis [viii] + FMA:50869 + FMA:TA + + + + + + nervus octavus + NeuroNames:553 + + + + + + nervus statoacusticus + NeuroNames:553 + + + + + + nervus vestibulocochlearis + BTO:0003490 + + + + + + + + + Cranial nerve that branches into the ramus communicans (to the skin), the pretrematic (to the walls of the pharynx and mouth, viscero-sensory fibers), and the larval post-trematic branch (lost in the adult). + Small nerve consisting of branchiomotor and visceral efferent and afferent fibers which innervate the m. subarculais rectus I, dorsal buccal mucosa, and the tongue.[AAO] + We conclude this section by listing some of the many synapomorphies of craniates, including (...) (5) cranial nerves (...) (reference 1); Phylogenetically, the cranial nerves are thought to have evolved from dorsal and ventral nerves of a few anterior spinal nerves that became incorporated into the braincase. Dorsal and ventral nerves fuse in the trunk but not in the head, and they produce two series: dorsal cranial nerves (V, VII, IX, and X) and ventral cranial nerves (III, IV, VI, and XIII) (reference 2).[well established][VHOG] + 9n + AAO:0010474 + BAMS:9n + BAMS:IXn + BIRNLEX:899 + BTO:0004979 + EHDAA2:0000709 + EHDAA:3733 + EMAPA:17268 + FMA:50870 + GAID:827 + HBA:9334 + MA:0001093 + MBA:808 + MESH:D005930 + NCIT:C12723 + OpenCyc:Mx4rwIr5X5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA + SCTID:362465002 + TAO:0000668 + UMLS:C0017679 + UMLS:C1305752 + VHOG:0000701 + Wikipedia:Glossopharyngeal_nerve + XAO:0003096 + ZFA:0000668 + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=701 + glossopharyngeal IX + glossopharyngeal IX nerve + glossopharyngeal nerve [IX] + glossopharyngeal nerve tree + nervus glossopharyngeus + nervus glossopharyngeus [ix] + ninth cranial nerve + uberon + CN-IX + cranial nerve IX + nerve IX + nervus glossopharyngeus + UBERON:0001649 + + + + + glossopharyngeal nerve + glossopharyngeal nerve + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5e/Gray791.png + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:13:46.282471 + + + + + Cranial nerve that branches into the ramus communicans (to the skin), the pretrematic (to the walls of the pharynx and mouth, viscero-sensory fibers), and the larval post-trematic branch (lost in the adult). + ISBN:0471209627 + Wikipedia:Glossopharyngeal_nerve + + + + + Small nerve consisting of branchiomotor and visceral efferent and afferent fibers which innervate the m. subarculais rectus I, dorsal buccal mucosa, and the tongue.[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0010474 + AAO + AAO:EJS + + + + + We conclude this section by listing some of the many synapomorphies of craniates, including (...) (5) cranial nerves (...) (reference 1); Phylogenetically, the cranial nerves are thought to have evolved from dorsal and ventral nerves of a few anterior spinal nerves that became incorporated into the braincase. Dorsal and ventral nerves fuse in the trunk but not in the head, and they produce two series: dorsal cranial nerves (V, VII, IX, and X) and ventral cranial nerves (III, IV, VI, and XIII) (reference 2).[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000701 + VHOG + ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.43, ISBN:978-0072528305 Kardong KV, Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy, Function, Evolution (2006) p.625 + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + 9n + BIRNLEX:899 + NIFSTD:NeuroNames_abbrevSource + + + + + + UMLS:C0017679 + BIRNLEX:899 + + + + + UMLS:C0017679 + ncithesaurus:Glossopharyngeal_Nerve + + + + + UMLS:C1305752 + BIRNLEX:899 + + + + + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=701 + BIRNLEX:899 + + + + + glossopharyngeal IX + EHDAA2:0000709 + + + + + nervus glossopharyngeus + ZFA:0000668 + + + + + nervus glossopharyngeus [ix] + FMA:50870 + FMA:TA + + + + + + CN-IX + + + + + + nerve IX + NeuroNames:701 + + + + + nervus glossopharyngeus + Wikipedia:Glossopharyngeal_nerve + + + + + + + + + + Cranial nerve that innervates the muscles of the tongue. + + Cranial nerve that innervates muscles in the tongue. [Bemis_WE, Functional_Anatomy_of_the_Vertebrates:_An_Evolutionary_Perspective, Glossary_G-14, Grande_L, Liem_KF, Third_Edition_(2001)_Orlando_Fla.:_Harcourt_College_Publishers, Walker_WF][VHOG] + In amphibians, represents the hypoglossal nerve in amniotes. Innverates mm. geniohyoideus, genioglossus, hyoglossus, rectus cervicis + Nerve which innervates the muscles associated with the tongue including mm geniohyoideus, genioglossus, hyoglossus and rectus cervicis.[AAO] + Cranial nerves XI and XII evolved in the common ancestor to amniotes (non-amphibian tetrapods) thus totalling twelve pairs.[well established][VHOG] + we use a broad definition of this cranial nerve that encompasses the amphibian predecessor of true amniote hypoglossal nerves + 12n + AAO:0010477 + BAMS:12n + BAMS:XIIn + BAMS:nXII + BIRNLEX:820 + BTO:0003386 + EHDAA2:0000798 + EHDAA:2859 + EMAPA:17269 + FMA:50871 + GAID:828 + HBA:9343 + MA:0001094 + MBA:813 + MESH:D007002 + NCIT:C12732 + OpenCyc:Mx4rv9eWA5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA + SCTID:362471008 + UMLS:C0020614 + VHOG:0000693 + Wikipedia:Hypoglossal_nerve + XAO:0004215 + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=704 + cranial nerve XII + hypoglossal XII + hypoglossal XII nerve + hypoglossal nerve [XII] + hypoglossal nerve tree + nervus hypoglossus [xii] + twelfth cranial nerve + uberon + CN-XII + hypoglossal nerve/ root + nerve XII + nervi hypoglossalis + nervus hypoglossus + UBERON:0001650 + + + + hypoglossal nerve + hypoglossal nerve + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ef/Gray794.png + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:13:46.282466 + + + + + Cranial nerve that innervates the muscles of the tongue. + ISBN:080184780X + VHOG:0000693 + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + Cranial nerve that innervates muscles in the tongue. [Bemis_WE, Functional_Anatomy_of_the_Vertebrates:_An_Evolutionary_Perspective, Glossary_G-14, Grande_L, Liem_KF, Third_Edition_(2001)_Orlando_Fla.:_Harcourt_College_Publishers, Walker_WF][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000693 + VHOG + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + In amphibians, represents the hypoglossal nerve in amniotes. Innverates mm. geniohyoideus, genioglossus, hyoglossus, rectus cervicis + ISBN:080184780X + + + + + Nerve which innervates the muscles associated with the tongue including mm geniohyoideus, genioglossus, hyoglossus and rectus cervicis.[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0010477 + AAO + AAO:EJS + + + + + Cranial nerves XI and XII evolved in the common ancestor to amniotes (non-amphibian tetrapods) thus totalling twelve pairs.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000693 + VHOG + Wikipedia:Cranial_nerves + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + 12n + BIRNLEX:820 + NIFSTD:NeuroNames_abbrevSource + + + + + + UMLS:C0020614 + BIRNLEX:820 + + + + + UMLS:C0020614 + ncithesaurus:Hypoglossal_Nerve + + + + + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=704 + BIRNLEX:820 + + + + + cranial nerve XII + BIRNLEX:820 + + + + + hypoglossal XII + EHDAA2:0000798 + + + + + nervus hypoglossus [xii] + FMA:50871 + FMA:TA + + + + + + CN-XII + VHOG:0000693 + + + + + hypoglossal nerve/ root + BAMS:12n + + + + + nerve XII + NeuroNames:704 + + + + + nervi hypoglossalis + NeuroNames:704 + + + + + + nervus hypoglossus + Wikipedia:Hypoglossal_nerve + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The pulmonary artery that supplies the right lung. + TODO - add class 'pulmonary artery tree organ' + EMAPA:37378 + FMA:50872 + MA:0002500 + NCIT:C33489 + SCTID:244235003 + UMLS:C0923924 + Wikipedia:Right_pulmonary_artery + galen:RightPulmonaryArtery + right main pulmonary artery + right pulmonary arterial tree + uberon + arteria pulmonalis dextra + UBERON:0001651 + + + right pulmonary artery + right pulmonary artery + Alveoli:diagram.png + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f6/Gray504.png + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:09:29.477291 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.165747 + + + + + The pulmonary artery that supplies the right lung. + UBERON:cjm + + + + + EMAPA:37378 + MA:th + + + + + UMLS:C0923924 + ncithesaurus:Right_Pulmonary_Artery + + + + + arteria pulmonalis dextra + Wikipedia:Right_pulmonary_artery + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The pulmonary artery that supplies the left lung. + TODO - add class 'pulmonary artery tree organ' + EMAPA:37097 + FMA:50873 + MA:0002032 + NCIT:C32971 + SCTID:244234004 + UMLS:C0923925 + Wikipedia:Left_pulmonary_artery + galen:LeftPulmonaryArtery + left main pulmonary artery + left pulmonary arterial tree + uberon + arteria pulmonalis sinistra + UBERON:0001652 + + + left pulmonary artery + left pulmonary artery + Alveoli:diagram.png + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f6/Gray504.png + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:09:29.477205 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.166722 + + + + + The pulmonary artery that supplies the left lung. + UBERON:cjm + + + + + EMAPA:37097 + MA:th + + + + + UMLS:C0923925 + ncithesaurus:Left_Pulmonary_Artery + + + + + arteria pulmonalis sinistra + Wikipedia:Left_pulmonary_artery + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The anterior facial vein (facial vein) commences at the side of the root of the nose, and is a direct continuation of the angular vein where it also receives a small nasal branch. It lies behind the facial artery and follows a less tortuous course. It receives blood from the external palatine vein before it either joins the anterior branch of the retromandibular vein to form the common facial vein, or drains directly into the internal jugular vein. [WP,unvetted]. + Vein which collects blood from muscles of the head and drains into the external jugular vein.[AAO] + MA and NCITA also has 'anterior facial vein' + AAO:0010513 + EMAPA:19220 + FMA:50874 + MA:0002115 + NCIT:C32579 + OpenCyc:Mx4rvziz3JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA + SCTID:181374006 + UMLS:C0226532 + Wikipedia:Facial_vein + face vein + vein of face + uberon + anterior facial vein + vena facialis anterior + UBERON:0001653 + + + facial vein + facial vein + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8c/Gray557.png + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.168398 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:48.278466 + + + + + The anterior facial vein (facial vein) commences at the side of the root of the nose, and is a direct continuation of the angular vein where it also receives a small nasal branch. It lies behind the facial artery and follows a less tortuous course. It receives blood from the external palatine vein before it either joins the anterior branch of the retromandibular vein to form the common facial vein, or drains directly into the internal jugular vein. [WP,unvetted]. + Wikipedia:Facial_vein + + + + + Vein which collects blood from muscles of the head and drains into the external jugular vein.[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0010513 + AAO + AAO:BJB + + + + + MA and NCITA also has 'anterior facial vein' + MA + + + + + UMLS:C0226532 + ncithesaurus:Facial_Vein + + + + + face vein + OBOL:automatic + + + + + vein of face + OBOL:automatic + + + + + anterior facial vein + Wikipedia:Facial_vein + + + + + + vena facialis anterior + Wikipedia:Facial_vein + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The supraorbital vein begins on the forehead where it communicates with the frontal branch of the superficial temporal vein. It runs downward superficial to the Frontalis muscle, and joins the frontal vein at the medial angle of the orbit to form the angular vein. Previous to its junction with the frontal vein, it sends through the supraorbital notch into the orbit a branch which communicates with the ophthalmic vein; as this vessel passes through the notch, it receives the frontal diploic vein through a foramen at the bottom of the notch. The areas drained by this vessel are the forehead, eyebrow and upper eyelid. [WP,unvetted]. + EMAPA:37195 + FMA:50904 + MA:0002228 + NCIT:C33707 + SCTID:152006005 + UMLS:C0226535 + Wikipedia:Supraorbital_vein + supra-orbital vein + uberon + UBERON:0001654 + + + supraorbital vein + supraorbital vein + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8c/Gray557.png + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.167962 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:48.278351 + + + + + The supraorbital vein begins on the forehead where it communicates with the frontal branch of the superficial temporal vein. It runs downward superficial to the Frontalis muscle, and joins the frontal vein at the medial angle of the orbit to form the angular vein. Previous to its junction with the frontal vein, it sends through the supraorbital notch into the orbit a branch which communicates with the ophthalmic vein; as this vessel passes through the notch, it receives the frontal diploic vein through a foramen at the bottom of the notch. The areas drained by this vessel are the forehead, eyebrow and upper eyelid. [WP,unvetted]. + Wikipedia:Supra-orbital_vein + + + + + EMAPA:37195 + MA:th + + + + + UMLS:C0226535 + ncithesaurus:Supra-orbital_Vein + + + + + supra-orbital vein + FMA:50904 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A vein in the chin that is connected to the sublingual and anterior jugular veins and drains into the facial vein. + EMAPA:37188 + FMA:50925 + MA:0002223 + NCIT:C53128 + SCTID:152309009 + UMLS:C0226541 + uberon + UBERON:0001655 + + submental vein + submental vein + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.168247 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:48.278290 + + + + + A vein in the chin that is connected to the sublingual and anterior jugular veins and drains into the facial vein. + ncithesaurus:Submental_Vein + + + + + EMAPA:37188 + MA:th + + + + + UMLS:C0226541 + ncithesaurus:Submental_Vein + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The retromandibular vein (temporomaxillary vein, posterior facial vein), formed by the union of the superficial temporal and maxillary veins, descends in the substance of the parotid gland, superficial to the external carotid artery but beneath the facial nerve, between the ramus of the mandible and the sternocleidomastoideus muscle. It divides into two branches: an anterior, which passes forward and unites with the anterior facial vein to form the common facial vein. a posterior, which is joined by the posterior auricular vein and becomes the external jugular vein. [WP,unvetted]. + EMAPA:37182 + FMA:50928 + MA:0002117 + NCIT:C33746 + OpenCyc:Mx4rv0bn95wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA + SCTID:151299003 + UMLS:C0226520 + Wikipedia:Retromandibular_vein + posterior facial vein + uberon + vena facialis posterior + vena retromandibularis + UBERON:0001656 + + + retromandibular vein + retromandibular vein + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8c/Gray557.png + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.166060 + + + + + The retromandibular vein (temporomaxillary vein, posterior facial vein), formed by the union of the superficial temporal and maxillary veins, descends in the substance of the parotid gland, superficial to the external carotid artery but beneath the facial nerve, between the ramus of the mandible and the sternocleidomastoideus muscle. It divides into two branches: an anterior, which passes forward and unites with the anterior facial vein to form the common facial vein. a posterior, which is joined by the posterior auricular vein and becomes the external jugular vein. [WP,unvetted]. + Wikipedia:Retromandibular_vein + + + + + EMAPA:37182 + MA:th + + + + + UMLS:C0226520 + ncithesaurus:Temporo-maxillary_Vein + + + + + vena facialis posterior + Wikipedia:Retromandibular_vein + + + + + + vena retromandibularis + Wikipedia:Retromandibular_vein + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The superficial temporal vein is a vein of the side of the head. [WP,unvetted]. + BTO:0003748 + EMAPA:19315 + FMA:50932 + MA:0002242 + NCIT:C52700 + OpenCyc:Mx4rvmANWZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA + SCTID:150087005 + UMLS:C0226521 + Wikipedia:Superficial_temporal_vein + uberon + venae temporales superficiales + UBERON:0001657 + + + superficial temporal vein + superficial temporal vein + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8c/Gray557.png + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.167946 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:48.278354 + + + + + The superficial temporal vein is a vein of the side of the head. [WP,unvetted]. + Wikipedia:Superficial_temporal_vein + + + + + UMLS:C0226521 + ncithesaurus:Superficial_Temporal_Vein + + + + + venae temporales superficiales + Wikipedia:Superficial_temporal_vein + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A temporal vein that arises near the lateral angle of the eye; joins the superficial temporal veins to form the retromandibular vein. + EMAPA:37176 + FMA:50935 + MA:0002241 + SCTID:151400007 + uberon + UBERON:0001658 + + middle temporal vein + middle temporal vein + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.167926 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:48.278341 + + + + + A temporal vein that arises near the lateral angle of the eye; joins the superficial temporal veins to form the retromandibular vein. + http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/middle+temporal+vein + + + + + EMAPA:37176 + MA:th + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A tributary of the superficial temporal or retromandibular veins, anastomosing with the facial vein. + EMAPA:37200 + FMA:50938 + MA:0002247 + SCTID:151501009 + uberon + UBERON:0001659 + + + transverse facial vein + transverse facial vein + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8c/Gray557.png + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.166096 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:48.278325 + + + + + A tributary of the superficial temporal or retromandibular veins, anastomosing with the facial vein. + http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/transverse+facial+vein + + + + + EMAPA:37200 + MA:th + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A vein that consists of a short trunk which accompanies the first part of the internal maxillary artery. It is formed by a confluence of the veins of the pterygoid plexus, and passes backward between the sphenomandibular ligament and the neck of the mandible, and unites with the superficial temporal vein to form the retromandibular vein. [WP,unvetted]. + in horses, a branch of the external jugular gives off the occipital and caudal auricular vein + EMAPA:37169 + FMA:50941 + MA:0002169 + NCIT:C32855 + OpenCyc:Mx4rvlDSc5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA + SCTID:29972009 + UMLS:C0226524 + Wikipedia:Maxillary_vein + uberon + UBERON:0001660 + + + maxillary vein + maxillary vein + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8c/Gray557.png + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.166148 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:48.278334 + + + + + A vein that consists of a short trunk which accompanies the first part of the internal maxillary artery. It is formed by a confluence of the veins of the pterygoid plexus, and passes backward between the sphenomandibular ligament and the neck of the mandible, and unites with the superficial temporal vein to form the retromandibular vein. [WP,unvetted]. + Wikipedia:Maxillary_vein + + + + + EMAPA:37169 + MA:th + + + + + UMLS:C0226524 + ncithesaurus:Internal_Maxillary_Vein + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The blood vessels at the vertex and on either side of the head that drain deoxygenated blood into the pterygoid venous plexus. + EMAPA:37512 + FMA:50954 + MA:0002240 + NCIT:C52699 + SCTID:798000 + UMLS:C0226526 + uberon + UBERON:0001661 + + deep temporal vein + deep temporal vein + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.166648 + + + + + The blood vessels at the vertex and on either side of the head that drain deoxygenated blood into the pterygoid venous plexus. + ncithesaurus:Deep_Temporal_Vein + + + + + EMAPA:37512 + MA:th + + + + + UMLS:C0226526 + ncithesaurus:Deep_Temporal_Vein + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The inferior cerebral veins, of small size, drain the under surfaces of the hemispheres. Those on the orbital surface of the frontal lobe join the superior cerebral veins, and through these open into the superior sagittal sinus. Those of the temporal lobe anastomose with the middle cerebral and basal veins, and join the cavernous, sphenoparietal, and superior petrosal sinuses. [WP,unvetted]. + EMAPA:37154 + FMA:50986 + MA:0002097 + SCTID:244395003 + Wikipedia:Inferior_cerebral_veins + uberon + small cerebral vein + UBERON:0001664 + + + inferior cerebral vein + inferior cerebral vein + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.167898 + + + + + The inferior cerebral veins, of small size, drain the under surfaces of the hemispheres. Those on the orbital surface of the frontal lobe join the superior cerebral veins, and through these open into the superior sagittal sinus. Those of the temporal lobe anastomose with the middle cerebral and basal veins, and join the cavernous, sphenoparietal, and superior petrosal sinuses. [WP,unvetted]. + Wikipedia:Inferior_cerebral_veins + + + + + EMAPA:37154 + MA:th + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The superior cerebellar veins pass partly forward and medialward, across the superior vermis, to end in the straight sinus and the internal cerebral veins, partly lateralward to the transverse and superior petrosal sinuses. [WP,unvetted]. + EMAPA:37191 + FMA:51232 + MA:0002095 + SCTID:64307009 + Wikipedia:Superior_cerebellar_vein + vein of superior cerebellar hemisphere + uberon + UBERON:0001669 + + + superior cerebellar vein + superior cerebellar vein + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/97/Gray704.png + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.166121 + + + + + The superior cerebellar veins pass partly forward and medialward, across the superior vermis, to end in the straight sinus and the internal cerebral veins, partly lateralward to the transverse and superior petrosal sinuses. [WP,unvetted]. + Wikipedia:Superior_cerebellar_vein + + + + + EMAPA:37191 + MA:th + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The inferior cerebellar veins are of large size, end in the transverse, superior petrosal, and occipital sinuses. [WP,unvetted]. + EMAPA:37153 + FMA:51233 + MA:0002094 + SCTID:69104006 + Wikipedia:Inferior_cerebellar_vein + inferior vein of cerebellar hemisphere + uberon + UBERON:0001670 + + + inferior cerebellar vein + inferior cerebellar vein + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/97/Gray704.png + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.166655 + + + + + The inferior cerebellar veins are of large size, end in the transverse, superior petrosal, and occipital sinuses. [WP,unvetted]. + Wikipedia:Inferior_cerebellar_vein + + + + + EMAPA:37153 + MA:th + + + + + + + + + + + + + + EMAPA:36467 + FMA:51306 + SCTID:55155007 + TAO:0001067 + XAO:0004158 + ZFA:0001067 + uberon + ACeV + rostral cerebral vein + UBERON:0001672 + + + anterior cerebral vein + anterior cerebral vein + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.165913 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The central retinal vein (retinal vein) is a short vein that runs through the optic nerve and drains blood from the capillaries of the retina into the larger veins outside the eye. The anatomy of the veins of the orbit of the eye varies between individuals, and in some the central retinal vein drains into the superior ophthalmic vein, and in some it drains directly into the cavernous sinus. [WP,unvetted]. + EFO:0004271 + EMAPA:37185 + FMA:51799 + GAID:524 + MA:0002213 + MESH:D012169 + NCIT:C53063 + SCTID:280913005 + UMLS:C0035327 + Wikipedia:Central_retinal_vein + retinal vein + uberon + vena centralis retinae + UBERON:0001673 + + + + central retinal vein + central retinal vein + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.166887 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:48.278444 + + + + + The central retinal vein (retinal vein) is a short vein that runs through the optic nerve and drains blood from the capillaries of the retina into the larger veins outside the eye. The anatomy of the veins of the orbit of the eye varies between individuals, and in some the central retinal vein drains into the superior ophthalmic vein, and in some it drains directly into the cavernous sinus. [WP,unvetted]. + Wikipedia:Central_retinal_vein + + + + + EMAPA:37185 + MA:th + + + + + UMLS:C0035327 + ncithesaurus:Retinal_Vein + + + + + retinal vein + MA:0002213 + + + + + vena centralis retinae + Wikipedia:Central_retinal_vein + + + + + + + + + Nucleus extending from the upper spinal cord through the pontine tegmentum that receives sensory inputs from the trigeminal nerve. It is continuous caudally with the dorsal gray matter of the spinal cord. + BAMS:SPV + BAMS:Sp5 + BM:VSp + DHBA:12572 + EMAPA:35885 + FMA:54565 + GAID:605 + HBA:9676 + MA:0001053 + MESH:D014279 + NCIT:C33188 + NLX:12995 + SCTID:369033006 + UMLS:C0041000 + VHOG:0001357 + Wikipedia:Spinal_trigeminal_nucleus + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1732 + spinal nucleus of cranial nerve v + spinal trigeminal nucleus + trigeminal nerve spinal tract nucleus + trigeminal spinal nucleus + trigeminal v spinal sensory nucleus + uberon + nucleus spinalis nervi trigemini + spinal nucleus of the trigeminal + trigeminal spinal sensory nucleus + UBERON:0001717 + + + spinal nucleus of trigeminal nerve + spinal nucleus of trigeminal nerve + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/30/Gray696.png + + + + + Nucleus extending from the upper spinal cord through the pontine tegmentum that receives sensory inputs from the trigeminal nerve. It is continuous caudally with the dorsal gray matter of the spinal cord. + NLX:12995 + + + + + UMLS:C0041000 + ncithesaurus:Nucleus_of_the_Spinal_Tract_of_the_Trigeminal_Nerve + + + + + spinal trigeminal nucleus + GO:0021741 + + + + + nucleus spinalis nervi trigemini + Wikipedia:Spinal_trigeminal_nucleus + + + + + + spinal nucleus of the trigeminal + BAMS:SPV + + + + + trigeminal spinal sensory nucleus + EMAPA:35885 + + + + + + + + + Cranial nerve that branches into the lateral (to body sense organs) and the intestino-accessorial (to the skin, muscles of shoulder, hyoid, larynx, gut, lungs, and heart). + Nerve consisting of branchiomotor and visceral efferent fibers which branch and innervate the smooth muscles and glands of the heart, lungs, esophagus, and stomach as well as some throat muscles. Sensory fibers supply mucosa of the mouth and pharynx.[AAO] + We conclude this section by listing some of the many synapomorphies of craniates, including (...) (5) cranial nerves (...) (reference 1); Phylogenetically, the cranial nerves are thought to have evolved from dorsal and ventral nerves of a few anterior spinal nerves that became incorporated into the braincase. Dorsal and ventral nerves fuse in the trunk but not in the head, and they produce two series: dorsal cranial nerves (V, VII, IX, and X) and ventral cranial nerves (III, IV, VI, and XIII) (reference 2).[well established][VHOG] + 10n + AAO:0010475 + BAMS:10n + BAMS:Xn + BIRNLEX:801 + BTO:0003472 + EFO:0002549 + EMAPA:37797 + FMA:5731 + GAID:721 + HBA:9337 + MA:0001106 + MBA:917 + MESH:D014630 + NCIT:C12812 + OpenCyc:Mx4rviHk2ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA + SCTID:362466001 + TAO:0000453 + UMLS:C0042276 + UMLS:C1305910 + VHOG:0000737 + Wikipedia:Vagus_nerve + XAO:0003097 + ZFA:0000453 + galen:VagusNerve + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=702 + nervus vagus [x] + tenth cranial nerve + vagus + vagus X nerve + vagus nerve [X] + vagus nerve tree + uberon + CN-X + cranial nerve X + nerve X + nervus vagus + pneuomgastric nerve + vagal nerve + vagus nerve or its root + UBERON:0001759 + + + + + + vagus nerve + vagus nerve + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5e/Gray791.png + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:13:46.282484 + + + + + Cranial nerve that branches into the lateral (to body sense organs) and the intestino-accessorial (to the skin, muscles of shoulder, hyoid, larynx, gut, lungs, and heart). + ISBN:0471209627 + Wikipedia:Vagus_nerve + + + + + Nerve consisting of branchiomotor and visceral efferent fibers which branch and innervate the smooth muscles and glands of the heart, lungs, esophagus, and stomach as well as some throat muscles. Sensory fibers supply mucosa of the mouth and pharynx.[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0010475 + AAO + AAO:EJS + + + + + We conclude this section by listing some of the many synapomorphies of craniates, including (...) (5) cranial nerves (...) (reference 1); Phylogenetically, the cranial nerves are thought to have evolved from dorsal and ventral nerves of a few anterior spinal nerves that became incorporated into the braincase. Dorsal and ventral nerves fuse in the trunk but not in the head, and they produce two series: dorsal cranial nerves (V, VII, IX, and X) and ventral cranial nerves (III, IV, VI, and XIII) (reference 2).[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000737 + VHOG + ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.43, ISBN:978-0072528305 Kardong KV, Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy, Function, Evolution (2006) p.625 + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + 10n + BIRNLEX:801 + NIFSTD:NeuroNames_abbrevSource + + + + + + EMAPA:37797 + MA:th + + + + + UMLS:C0042276 + BIRNLEX:801 + + + + + UMLS:C0042276 + ncithesaurus:Vagus_Nerve + + + + + UMLS:C1305910 + BIRNLEX:801 + + + + + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=702 + BIRNLEX:801 + + + + + nervus vagus [x] + FMA:5731 + FMA:TA + + + + + + vagus X nerve + MA:0001106 + + + + + nerve X + NeuroNames:702 + + + + + nervus vagus + BTO:0003472 + + + + + nervus vagus + Wikipedia:Vagus_nerve + + + + + + pneuomgastric nerve + BTO:0003472 + + + + + vagus nerve or its root + BAMS:10n + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The adjustable membrane, composed of the stroma and pigmented epithelium, located just in front of the crystalline lens within the eye. + The opaque muscular contractile diaphragm suspended in the aqueous humour in front of the lens of the eye. The organ is perforated by the pupil and continues peripherally with the ciliary body. [Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier][VHOG] + The eye of the adult lamprey is remarkably similar to our own, and it possesses numerous features (including the expression of opsin genes) that are very similar to those of the eyes of jawed vertebrates. The lamprey's camera-like eye has a lens, an iris and extra-ocular muscles (five of them, unlike the eyes of jawed vertebrates, which have six), although it lacks intra-ocular muscles. Its retina also has a structure very similar to that of the retinas of other vertebrates, with three nuclear layers comprised of the cell bodies of photoreceptors and bipolar, horizontal, amacrine and ganglion cells. The southern hemisphere lamprey, Geotria australis, possesses five morphological classes of retinal photoreceptor and five classes of opsin, each of which is closely related to the opsins of jawed vertebrates. Given these similarities, we reach the inescapable conclusion that the last common ancestor of jawless and jawed vertebrates already possessed an eye that was comparable to that of extant lampreys and gnathostomes. Accordingly, a vertebrate camera-like eye must have been present by the time that lampreys and gnathostomes diverged, around 500 Mya.[well established][VHOG] + iridial + The avian iris and ciliary body undergoes a transition from smooth-to-striated muscle during embryonic development [DOI:dx.doi.org/10.1006/dbio.1998.9019] + AAO:0010347 + BTO:0000653 + CALOHA:TS-0491 + EFO:0004245 + EMAPA:19154 + EV:0100345 + FMA:58235 + GAID:917 + MA:0000273 + MESH:D007498 + NCIT:C12737 + OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjbppwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA + SCTID:181164000 + TAO:0001238 + UMLS:C0022077 + VHOG:0000101 + Wikipedia:Iris_(anatomy) + XAO:0000185 + ZFA:0001238 + uberon + anterior uvea + irides + irises + UBERON:0001769 + + + + + + iris + iris + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:02:14.759284 + + + + + The adjustable membrane, composed of the stroma and pigmented epithelium, located just in front of the crystalline lens within the eye. + ISBN:0-683-40008-8 + MP:0001322 + + + + + The opaque muscular contractile diaphragm suspended in the aqueous humour in front of the lens of the eye. The organ is perforated by the pupil and continues peripherally with the ciliary body. [Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000101 + VHOG + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + The eye of the adult lamprey is remarkably similar to our own, and it possesses numerous features (including the expression of opsin genes) that are very similar to those of the eyes of jawed vertebrates. The lamprey's camera-like eye has a lens, an iris and extra-ocular muscles (five of them, unlike the eyes of jawed vertebrates, which have six), although it lacks intra-ocular muscles. Its retina also has a structure very similar to that of the retinas of other vertebrates, with three nuclear layers comprised of the cell bodies of photoreceptors and bipolar, horizontal, amacrine and ganglion cells. The southern hemisphere lamprey, Geotria australis, possesses five morphological classes of retinal photoreceptor and five classes of opsin, each of which is closely related to the opsins of jawed vertebrates. Given these similarities, we reach the inescapable conclusion that the last common ancestor of jawless and jawed vertebrates already possessed an eye that was comparable to that of extant lampreys and gnathostomes. Accordingly, a vertebrate camera-like eye must have been present by the time that lampreys and gnathostomes diverged, around 500 Mya.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000101 + VHOG + DOI:10.1038/nrn2283 Lamb TD, Collin SP and Pugh EN Jr, Evolution of the vertebrate eye: opsins, photoreceptors, retina and eye cup. Nature Reviews Neuroscience (2007) + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + UMLS:C0022077 + ncithesaurus:Iris + + + + + irides + + + + + + irises + VHOG:0000101 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The smooth stratified squamous epithelium that covers the outer surface of the cornea. + Portion of tissue comprised of four to six layers of nonkeratinized, stratified squamous cells and represents approximately 60% of the thickness of the cornea.[TAO] + In Humans: It consists of several layers of cells. The cells of the deepest layer are columnar; then follow two or three layers of polyhedral cells, the majority of which are prickle cells similar to those found in the stratum mucosum of the cuticle. Lastly, there are three or four layers of squamous cells, with flattened nuclei + In zebrafish: nonpigmented, stratified squamous nonkeratinizing epithelial cells, attached to a thick basement membrane that is considered to be analogous to the Bowman's membrane in mammals + BTO:0000287 + CALOHA:TS-0173 + EFO:0001917 + EHDAA2:0000319 + EMAPA:17162 + FMA:58263 + GAID:895 + MA:0001243 + MESH:D019573 + NCIT:C12928 + SCTID:368825001 + TAO:0002187 + UMLS:C0459875 + Wikipedia:Corneal_epithelium + ZFA:0001683 + anterior corneal epithelium + cornea epithelial tissue + cornea epithelium + epithelial tissue of cornea + epithelium anterius (cornea) + epithelium anterius corneae + epithelium corneæ anterior layer + epithelium of cornea + external epithelium of cornea + uberon + anterior endothelium of cornea + e. anterius corneae + endothelium anterius corneae + endothelium camerae anterioris bulbi + endothelium corneale + epithelium posterius corneae + UBERON:0001772 + + + + + + corneal epithelium + corneal epithelium + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/66/Gray871.png + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:02:14.759304 + + + + + The smooth stratified squamous epithelium that covers the outer surface of the cornea. + MESH:A09.371.060.217.325 + MGI:smb + MP:0006000 + + + + + Portion of tissue comprised of four to six layers of nonkeratinized, stratified squamous cells and represents approximately 60% of the thickness of the cornea.[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0002187 + TAO + ZFIN:ZDB-PUB-061010-3 + + + + + UMLS:C0459875 + ncithesaurus:Corneal_Epithelium + + + + + cornea epithelial tissue + OBOL:automatic + + + + + cornea epithelium + OBOL:automatic + + + + + epithelial tissue of cornea + OBOL:automatic + + + + + epithelium anterius corneae + FMA:58263 + FMA:TA + + + + + + anterior endothelium of cornea + BTO:0000287 + + + + + e. anterius corneae + Wikipedia:Corneal_epithelium + + + + + + endothelium anterius corneae + BTO:0000287 + + + + + endothelium camerae anterioris bulbi + BTO:0000287 + + + + + endothelium corneale + BTO:0000287 + + + + + epithelium posterius corneae + BTO:0000287 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The thickened portion of the vascular tunic, which lies between the choroid and the iris, composed of ciliary muscle and ciliary processes. + The eye of the adult lamprey is remarkably similar to our own, and it possesses numerous features (including the expression of opsin genes) that are very similar to those of the eyes of jawed vertebrates. The lamprey's camera-like eye has a lens, an iris and extra-ocular muscles (five of them, unlike the eyes of jawed vertebrates, which have six), although it lacks intra-ocular muscles. Its retina also has a structure very similar to that of the retinas of other vertebrates, with three nuclear layers comprised of the cell bodies of photoreceptors and bipolar, horizontal, amacrine and ganglion cells. The southern hemisphere lamprey, Geotria australis, possesses five morphological classes of retinal photoreceptor and five classes of opsin, each of which is closely related to the opsins of jawed vertebrates. Given these similarities, we reach the inescapable conclusion that the last common ancestor of jawless and jawed vertebrates already possessed an eye that was comparable to that of extant lampreys and gnathostomes. Accordingly, a vertebrate camera-like eye must have been present by the time that lampreys and gnathostomes diverged, around 500 Mya.[well established][VHOG] + AAO:0010341 + BTO:0000260 + CALOHA:TS-0694 + EMAPA:19065 + EV:0100346 + FMA:58295 + GAID:916 + MA:0000264 + MESH:D002924 + NCIT:C12345 + SCTID:263340007 + UMLS:C0008779 + VHOG:0000102 + Wikipedia:Ciliary_body + XAO:0000186 + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1571 + ocular ciliary body + uberon + anterior uvea + ciliary bodies + corpus ciliare + UBERON:0001775 + + + + + ciliary body + ciliary body + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1e/Schematic_diagram_of_the_human_eye_en.svg + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:02:14.759392 + + + + + The thickened portion of the vascular tunic, which lies between the choroid and the iris, composed of ciliary muscle and ciliary processes. + ISBN:0-683-40008-8 + MP:0005099 + Wikipedia:Ciliary_body + + + + + The eye of the adult lamprey is remarkably similar to our own, and it possesses numerous features (including the expression of opsin genes) that are very similar to those of the eyes of jawed vertebrates. The lamprey's camera-like eye has a lens, an iris and extra-ocular muscles (five of them, unlike the eyes of jawed vertebrates, which have six), although it lacks intra-ocular muscles. Its retina also has a structure very similar to that of the retinas of other vertebrates, with three nuclear layers comprised of the cell bodies of photoreceptors and bipolar, horizontal, amacrine and ganglion cells. The southern hemisphere lamprey, Geotria australis, possesses five morphological classes of retinal photoreceptor and five classes of opsin, each of which is closely related to the opsins of jawed vertebrates. Given these similarities, we reach the inescapable conclusion that the last common ancestor of jawless and jawed vertebrates already possessed an eye that was comparable to that of extant lampreys and gnathostomes. Accordingly, a vertebrate camera-like eye must have been present by the time that lampreys and gnathostomes diverged, around 500 Mya.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000102 + VHOG + DOI:10.1038/nrn2283 Lamb TD, Collin SP and Pugh EN Jr, Evolution of the vertebrate eye: opsins, photoreceptors, retina and eye cup. Nature Reviews Neuroscience (2007) + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + UMLS:C0008779 + ncithesaurus:Ciliary_Body + + + + + ciliary bodies + VHOG:0000102 + + + + + + corpus ciliare + Wikipedia:Ciliary_body + + + + + corpus ciliare + Wikipedia:Ciliary_body + + + + + + + + + + Vascular layer containing connective tissue, of the eye lying between the retina and the sclera. The choroid provides oxygen and nourishment to the outer layers of the retina. Along with the ciliary body and iris, the choroid forms the uveal tract[WP]. + check choroid vs choroid layer; check ZFA/TAO placement - no homology assertion in VHOG. Note this is entirely in the posterior region of eyeball in ZFA + choroidal + MP treats posterior uvea and optic choroid as distinct + BTO:0001829 + CALOHA:TS-2054 + EMAPA:19077 + EV:0100347 + FMA:58298 + GAID:913 + MA:0000263 + MESH:D002829 + NCIT:C12344 + SCTID:181172003 + TAO:0005229 + UMLS:C0008520 + VHOG:0001568 + Wikipedia:Choroid + ZFA:0005229 + choroid + choroid coat + choroidea + eye choroid + posterior uvea + uberon + chorioid + choroidea + optic choroid + UBERON:0001776 + + + + + optic choroid + optic choroid + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1e/Schematic_diagram_of_the_human_eye_en.svg + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:02:11.665634 + + + + + Vascular layer containing connective tissue, of the eye lying between the retina and the sclera. The choroid provides oxygen and nourishment to the outer layers of the retina. Along with the ciliary body and iris, the choroid forms the uveal tract[WP]. + Wikipedia:Choroid + + + + + MP treats posterior uvea and optic choroid as distinct + MP + + + + + UMLS:C0008520 + ncithesaurus:Choroid + + + + + choroid + MA:0000263 + + + + + choroid coat + Wikipedia:Choroid + + + + + choroidea + Wikipedia:Choroid + + + + + eye choroid + VHOG:0001568 + + + + + posterior uvea + Wikipedia:Uvea#Regions + + + + + chorioid + BTO:0001829 + + + + + choroidea + Wikipedia:Choroid + + + + + + optic choroid + ZFA:0005229 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A double layer covering the ciliary body that produces aqueous humor. + BTO:0001770 + CALOHA:TS-0695 + EMAPA:35239 + FMA:58464 + MA:0001238 + NCIT:C32314 + SCTID:280870004 + UMLS:C0459736 + Wikipedia:Ciliary_body#Ciliary_epithelium + ciliary body epithelium + epithelium of ciliary body + ocular ciliary epithelium + uberon + UBERON:0001778 + + ciliary epithelium + ciliary epithelium + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:02:14.759202 + + + + + A double layer covering the ciliary body that produces aqueous humor. + Wikipedia:Ciliary_body#Ciliary_epithelium + + + + + UMLS:C0459736 + ncithesaurus:Ciliary_Epithelium + + + + + ciliary body epithelium + FMA:58464 + + + + + epithelium of ciliary body + FMA:58464 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The any of the paired peripheral nerves formed by the union of the dorsal and ventral spinal roots from each spinal cord segment[MP,modified]. + Any of the paired nerves emerging from the spinal cord, each attached to the cord by two roots: ventral and dorsal, and passing out between the vertebrae. [TFD][VHOG] + AAO:0011101 + BAMS:spin + BTO:0000870 + EHDAA2:0001898 + EMAPA:16989 + FMA:5858 + GAID:841 + MA:0000233 + MESH:D013127 + NCIT:C12792 + OpenCyc:Mx4rwK_iFJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA + SCTID:361099009 + UMLS:C0037941 + VHOG:0000824 + Wikipedia:Spinal_nerve + XAO:0003101 + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1228 + backbone nerve + nerve of backbone + nerve of spinal column + nerve of spine + nerve of vertebral column + spinal column nerve + spinal nerve tree + spine nerve + vertebral column nerve + uberon + nervi spinales + spinal nerves + UBERON:0001780 + + + + spinal nerve + spinal nerve + Spinal:nerve.svg + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:13:46.282476 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:13:58.797589 + + + + + The any of the paired peripheral nerves formed by the union of the dorsal and ventral spinal roots from each spinal cord segment[MP,modified]. + MESH:A08.800.800.720 + MP:0001077 + + + + + Any of the paired nerves emerging from the spinal cord, each attached to the cord by two roots: ventral and dorsal, and passing out between the vertebrae. [TFD][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000824 + VHOG + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/spinal+nerve + + + + + UMLS:C0037941 + ncithesaurus:Spinal_Nerve + + + + + backbone nerve + OBOL:automatic + + + + + nerve of backbone + OBOL:automatic + + + + + nerve of spinal column + OBOL:automatic + + + + + nerve of spine + OBOL:automatic + + + + + nerve of vertebral column + OBOL:automatic + + + + + spinal column nerve + OBOL:automatic + + + + + spine nerve + OBOL:automatic + + + + + vertebral column nerve + OBOL:automatic + + + + + nervi spinales + Wikipedia:Spinal_nerve + + + + + + spinal nerves + BAMS:spin + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A monolayer of pigmented epithelium covering the neural retina; develops from the outer of the two layers of the optic cup[ZFA]. the pigmented cell layer just outside the neurosensory retina that nourishes retinal visual cells, and is firmly attached to the underlying choroid and overlying retinal visual cells[WP]. + A monolayer of pigmented epithelium covering the neural retina; develops from the outer of the two layers of the optic cup. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] + The monolayer of pigmented epithelium covering the neural retina.[AAO] + (...) an essentially similar sequence of events occurs during the embryonic development of the vertebrate eye. The eye initially develops as a single median evagination of the diencephalon that soon bifurcates to form the paired optic vesicles. As each optic vesicle grows towards the body surface, its proximal part narrows as the optic stalk, and its distal part invaginates to form a two-layered optic cup. (...) The outer layer of the optic cup becomes the pigment layer of the retina, whereas the inner layer differentiates into the photoreceptive cells and neuronal layers of the retina.[well established][VHOG] + AAO:0011096 + BTO:0001177 + CALOHA:TS-0869 + EHDAA2:0001465 + EHDAA:4765 + EMAPA:17172 + EMAPA:35738 + FMA:58627 + MA:0000279 + MA:0003173 + NCIT:C33470 + SCTID:280662007 + TAO:0000144 + UMLS:C0035322 + VHOG:0000536 + Wikipedia:Retinal_pigment_epithelium + XAO:0003217 + ZFA:0000144 + outer pigmented layer of retina + pigment epithelium of retina + pigmented retina epithelium + pigmented retinal epithelium + retinal pigment epithelium + retinal pigmented epithelium + stratum pigmentosum (retina) + stratum pigmentosum retinae + uberon + PRE + RPE + epithelium, retinal pigment + p. pigmentosa retinae + pigmented epithelium + pigmented retina + retinal pigment layer + stratum pigmentosa retinae + UBERON:0001782 + + + + + pigmented layer of retina + retinal pigmented epithelium + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/55/Gray881.png + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:02:14.759310 + + + + + A monolayer of pigmented epithelium covering the neural retina; develops from the outer of the two layers of the optic cup[ZFA]. the pigmented cell layer just outside the neurosensory retina that nourishes retinal visual cells, and is firmly attached to the underlying choroid and overlying retinal visual cells[WP]. + Wikipedia:Retinal_pigment_epithelium + ZFIN:curator + + + + + A monolayer of pigmented epithelium covering the neural retina; develops from the outer of the two layers of the optic cup. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0000144 + TAO + ZFIN:curator + + + + + The monolayer of pigmented epithelium covering the neural retina.[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0011096 + AAO + ZFA:0000144 + + + + + (...) an essentially similar sequence of events occurs during the embryonic development of the vertebrate eye. The eye initially develops as a single median evagination of the diencephalon that soon bifurcates to form the paired optic vesicles. As each optic vesicle grows towards the body surface, its proximal part narrows as the optic stalk, and its distal part invaginates to form a two-layered optic cup. (...) The outer layer of the optic cup becomes the pigment layer of the retina, whereas the inner layer differentiates into the photoreceptive cells and neuronal layers of the retina.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000536 + VHOG + ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.429 + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + UMLS:C0035322 + ncithesaurus:Retinal_Pigment_Epithelium + + + + + retinal pigment epithelium + MP:0005201 + Wikipedia:Retinal_pigment_epithelium + + + + + retinal pigmented epithelium + ZFA:0000144 + + + + + stratum pigmentosum retinae + FMA:58627 + FMA:TA + + + + + + epithelium, retinal pigment + BTO:0001177 + + + + + p. pigmentosa retinae + Wikipedia:Retinal_pigment_epithelium + + + + + + retinal pigment layer + VHOG:0000536 + + + + + stratum pigmentosa retinae + Wikipedia:Retinal_pigment_epithelium + + + + + + + + + + Cranial nerves are nerves that emerge directly from the brain, in contrast to spinal nerves, which emerge from segments of the spinal cord. + classified as neural tree organ, not nerve in FMA. CN II poses a challenge here as it is not strictly a nerve, yet is expected to be classified under CN. + Twelve pairs of cranial nerves exit/enter the cranium through openings in the skull. The nerves contain efferent axons with motor and glandular functions, as well as afferent axons from cranial ganglia with sensory functions. The nerves are numbered in a rostral to caudal sequence, with the exception of the lateral line nerves.[TAO] + We conclude this section by listing some of the many synapomorphies of craniates, including (...) (5) cranial nerves (...).[well established][VHOG] + See https://github.com/obophenotype/mouse-anatomy-ontology/issues/6 + AAO:0000108 + BAMS:cran + BIRNLEX:1623 + BTO:0001104 + EHDAA2:0000323 + EMAPA:17264 + FMA:5865 + GAID:802 + HBA:9299 + MA:0000215 + MBA:967 + MESH:D003391 + NCIT:C12700 + OpenCyc:Mx4rvWvJVpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA + SCTID:244447006 + TAO:0000641 + UMLS:C0010268 + UMLS:C1269897 + VHOG:0000279 + Wikipedia:Cranial_nerve + XAO:0000429 + XAO:0003089 + ZFA:0000641 + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1227 + cranial neural tree organ + uberon + cranial nerves + nervus cranialis + UBERON:0001785 + + + + + cranial nerve + cranial nerve + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/18/Brain_human_normal_inferior_view_with_labels_en-2.svg + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/84/Brain_human_normal_inferior_view_with_labels_en.svg + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:13:46.282477 + + + + + Cranial nerves are nerves that emerge directly from the brain, in contrast to spinal nerves, which emerge from segments of the spinal cord. + Wikipedia:Cranial_nerve + + + + + Twelve pairs of cranial nerves exit/enter the cranium through openings in the skull. The nerves contain efferent axons with motor and glandular functions, as well as afferent axons from cranial ganglia with sensory functions. The nerves are numbered in a rostral to caudal sequence, with the exception of the lateral line nerves.[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0000641 + TAO + ZFIN:curator + + + + + We conclude this section by listing some of the many synapomorphies of craniates, including (...) (5) cranial nerves (...).[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000279 + VHOG + ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.43 + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + UMLS:C0010268 + BIRNLEX:1623 + + + + + UMLS:C0010268 + ncithesaurus:Cranial_Nerve + + + + + UMLS:C1269897 + BIRNLEX:1623 + + + + + nervus cranialis + Wikipedia:Cranial_nerve + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The layer within the retina where the photoreceptor cell bodies reside. + (...) an essentially similar sequence of events occurs during the embryonic development of the vertebrate eye. The eye initially develops as a single median evagination of the diencephalon that soon bifurcates to form the paired optic vesicles. As each optic vesicle grows towards the body surface, its proximal part narrows as the optic stalk, and its distal part invaginates to form a two-layered optic cup. (...) The outer layer of the optic cup becomes the pigment layer of the retina, whereas the inner layer differentiates into the photoreceptive cells and neuronal layers of the retina.[well established][VHOG] + outer nuclear layer + BAMS:Ronl + BTO:0005600 + EMAPA:19157 + FMA:58684 + MA:0001315 + NCIT:C33236 + SCTID:280678009 + TAO:0001464 + UMLS:C0229210 + VHOG:0001170 + Wikipedia:Outer_nuclear_layer + XAO:0003219 + ZFA:0001464 + neural retina outer nuclear layer + retina outer nuclear layer + retinal outer nuclear layer + stratum nucleare externum (retina) + stratum nucleare externum retinae + ONL + uberon + external nuclear layer + layer of outer granules + retina, outer nuclear layer + retinal outer nuclear layers + UBERON:0001789 + + + + outer nuclear layer of retina + outer nuclear layer of retina + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:02:14.759384 + + + + + The layer within the retina where the photoreceptor cell bodies reside. + ZFA:0001464 + + + + + (...) an essentially similar sequence of events occurs during the embryonic development of the vertebrate eye. The eye initially develops as a single median evagination of the diencephalon that soon bifurcates to form the paired optic vesicles. As each optic vesicle grows towards the body surface, its proximal part narrows as the optic stalk, and its distal part invaginates to form a two-layered optic cup. (...) The outer layer of the optic cup becomes the pigment layer of the retina, whereas the inner layer differentiates into the photoreceptive cells and neuronal layers of the retina.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0001170 + VHOG + ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.429 + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + UMLS:C0229210 + ncithesaurus:Outer_Nuclear_Layer_of_Retina + + + + + neural retina outer nuclear layer + EMAPA:19157 + + + + + stratum nucleare externum retinae + FMA:58684 + FMA:TA + + + + + + external nuclear layer + BTO:0005600 + + + + + layer of outer granules + BTO:0005600 + + + + + retina, outer nuclear layer + BAMS:Ronl + + + + + retinal outer nuclear layers + ZFA:0001464 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Cytoarchitectural layer of retina containing closely packed cell bodies, the majority of which are bipolar cells (adapted from Wikipedia). + The layer of the retina composed of the cell bodies of bipolar cells, horizontal cells, and some of the cell bodies of amacrine cells[BTO:0003176]. + (...) an essentially similar sequence of events occurs during the embryonic development of the vertebrate eye. The eye initially develops as a single median evagination of the diencephalon that soon bifurcates to form the paired optic vesicles. As each optic vesicle grows towards the body surface, its proximal part narrows as the optic stalk, and its distal part invaginates to form a two-layered optic cup. (...) The outer layer of the optic cup becomes the pigment layer of the retina, whereas the inner layer differentiates into the photoreceptive cells and neuronal layers of the retina.[well established][VHOG] + BAMS:Rinl + BTO:0003176 + EMAPA:19155 + FMA:58686 + MA:0001311 + NCIT:C32808 + NLX:93816 + NLXANAT:1005031 + SCTID:362520009 + TAO:0000119 + UMLS:C0229211 + VHOG:0001167 + Wikipedia:Inner_nuclear_layer + XAO:0003221 + ZFA:0000119 + inner nuclear layer + intermediate cell layer + neural retina inner nuclear layer + retina inner nuclear layer + retinal inner nuclear layer + stratum nucleare internum + stratum nucleare internum retinae + INL + uberon + layer of inner granules + retina, inner nuclear layer + UBERON:0001791 + + + AO notes NLXANAT:1005031 appears to be retired + + inner nuclear layer of retina + inner nuclear layer of retina + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:02:14.759365 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:02:23.716848 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:02:23.716858 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:02:23.716803 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:02:24.813188 + + + + + Cytoarchitectural layer of retina containing closely packed cell bodies, the majority of which are bipolar cells (adapted from Wikipedia). + NLX:93816 + + + + + The layer of the retina composed of the cell bodies of bipolar cells, horizontal cells, and some of the cell bodies of amacrine cells[BTO:0003176]. + BTO:0003176 + + + + + (...) an essentially similar sequence of events occurs during the embryonic development of the vertebrate eye. The eye initially develops as a single median evagination of the diencephalon that soon bifurcates to form the paired optic vesicles. As each optic vesicle grows towards the body surface, its proximal part narrows as the optic stalk, and its distal part invaginates to form a two-layered optic cup. (...) The outer layer of the optic cup becomes the pigment layer of the retina, whereas the inner layer differentiates into the photoreceptive cells and neuronal layers of the retina.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0001167 + VHOG + ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.429 + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + UMLS:C0229211 + ncithesaurus:Inner_Nuclear_Layer + + + + + intermediate cell layer + ZFA:0000119 + + + + + neural retina inner nuclear layer + EMAPA:19155 + + + + + stratum nucleare internum retinae + FMA:58686 + FMA:TA + + + + + + layer of inner granules + NLX:93816 + + + + + retina, inner nuclear layer + BAMS:Rinl + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Cytoarchitectural layer of retina that contains somata of retinal ganglion cells, bounded by the stratum opticum and the inner plexiform layer. + a layer of the retina that consists of retinal ganglion cells[WP]. innermost nuclear layer of the retina, which contains neurons that project axons through the optic nerve to the brain[Wikipedia:Ganglion_cell_layer]. + (...) an essentially similar sequence of events occurs during the embryonic development of the vertebrate eye. The eye initially develops as a single median evagination of the diencephalon that soon bifurcates to form the paired optic vesicles. As each optic vesicle grows towards the body surface, its proximal part narrows as the optic stalk, and its distal part invaginates to form a two-layered optic cup. (...) The outer layer of the optic cup becomes the pigment layer of the retina, whereas the inner layer differentiates into the photoreceptive cells and neuronal layers of the retina.[well established][VHOG] + NIFSTD class appears to be retired in nlx[http://neurolex.org/wiki/Nlx_anat_1005030] + ganglion cell layer + BAMS:Rgcl + BTO:0003398 + CALOHA:TS-0867 + EMAPA:35739 + FMA:58687 + MA:0001310 + NCIT:C32652 + NLX:36500 + NLXANAT:1005030 + SCTID:280670002 + TAO:0000024 + VHOG:0001166 + Wikipedia:Ganglion_cell_layer + XAO:0003223 + ZFA:0000024 + GCL layer + RGC layer + ganglionic cell layer of retina + retina ganglion cell layer + retina ganglion layer + retinal ganglion cell layer + retinal ganglion layer + stratum ganglionicum (retina) + uberon + retina, ganglion cell layer + stratum ganglionicum retinae + UBERON:0001792 + + + + + ganglionic layer of retina + ganglionic layer of retina + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/55/Gray881.png + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:02:14.759291 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:02:23.716866 + + + + + Cytoarchitectural layer of retina that contains somata of retinal ganglion cells, bounded by the stratum opticum and the inner plexiform layer. + NLX:36500 + + + + + a layer of the retina that consists of retinal ganglion cells[WP]. innermost nuclear layer of the retina, which contains neurons that project axons through the optic nerve to the brain[Wikipedia:Ganglion_cell_layer]. + Wikipedia:Ganglion_cell_layer + + + + + (...) an essentially similar sequence of events occurs during the embryonic development of the vertebrate eye. The eye initially develops as a single median evagination of the diencephalon that soon bifurcates to form the paired optic vesicles. As each optic vesicle grows towards the body surface, its proximal part narrows as the optic stalk, and its distal part invaginates to form a two-layered optic cup. (...) The outer layer of the optic cup becomes the pigment layer of the retina, whereas the inner layer differentiates into the photoreceptive cells and neuronal layers of the retina.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0001166 + VHOG + ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.429 + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + NIFSTD class appears to be retired in nlx[http://neurolex.org/wiki/Nlx_anat_1005030] + NIF + + + + + ganglion cell layer + FMA:58687 + ZFA:0000024 + + + + + ganglionic cell layer of retina + FMA:58687 + + + + + retinal ganglion layer + MP:0008510 + + + + + stratum ganglionicum (retina) + FMA:58687 + + + + + retina, ganglion cell layer + BAMS:Rgcl + + + + + stratum ganglionicum retinae + Wikipedia:Ganglion_cell_layer + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A layer of epithelial cells that is part of the eye. + this class is the superclass of the anterior epithelium and equatorial epithlium, although the term 'lens epithelium' may refer specifically to the former + BTO:0001873 + CALOHA:TS-0543 + EMAPA:32871 + FMA:58871 + MA:0001301 + SCTID:362523006 + TAO:0001326 + Wikipedia:Lens_(anatomy)#Lens_Epithelium + XAO:0004094 + ZFA:0001326 + epithelial tissue of eye lens + epithelial tissue of lens + epithelium lentis + epithelium of eye lens + eye lens epithelial tissue + eye lens epithelium + lens epithelial tissue + lens epithelium + uberon + UBERON:0001803 + + + + epithelium of lens + epithelium of lens + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:02:14.759323 + + + + + A layer of epithelial cells that is part of the eye. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + epithelial tissue of eye lens + OBOL:automatic + + + + + epithelial tissue of lens + OBOL:automatic + + + + + epithelium lentis + FMA:58871 + FMA:TA + + + + + + epithelium of eye lens + OBOL:automatic + + + + + eye lens epithelial tissue + OBOL:automatic + + + + + eye lens epithelium + OBOL:automatic + + + + + lens epithelial tissue + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + Anatomical junction where subdivisions of two or more neural trees interconnect with one another to form a network through which nerve fibers of the constituent nerve trees become regrouped; together with other nerve plexuses, nerves and ganglia, it constitutes the peripheral nervous system. Examples: cervical nerve plexus, brachial nerve plexus, sacral nerve plexus[FMA]. + in FMA this is a subtype of junction rather than tissue + plexus + AEO:0000138 + BTO:0000205 + EHDAA2:0003138 + EHDAA:3780 + EMAPA:37683 + FMA:5901 + MA:0002407 + NCIT:C12929 + SCTID:122455009 + UMLS:C0501403 + Wikipedia:Nervous_system_plexus + uberon + UBERON:0001810 + + + nerve plexus + nerve plexus + + + + + Anatomical junction where subdivisions of two or more neural trees interconnect with one another to form a network through which nerve fibers of the constituent nerve trees become regrouped; together with other nerve plexuses, nerves and ganglia, it constitutes the peripheral nervous system. Examples: cervical nerve plexus, brachial nerve plexus, sacral nerve plexus[FMA]. + FMA:5901 + Wikipedia:Nervous_system_plexus + + + + + in FMA this is a subtype of junction rather than tissue + FMA + + + + + EMAPA:37683 + MA:th + + + + + UMLS:C0501403 + ncithesaurus:Nerve_Plexus + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An arrangement of nerve fibers, running from the spine where it proceeds through the neck then the axilla and into the arm where it innervates skin and muscle. [WP,modified]. + check superclass - nerve vs collection of fibers vs junction; note that FMA also has 'brachial autonomic nerve plexus' + A nerve plexus originating from the anterior branches of the last four cervical and the first thoracic spinal nerves, giving off many of the principal nerves of the shoulder, chest, and arms. [TFD][VHOG] + To reach the muscles, dermatomes, and other structures of the limbs, some of the neurons in the spinal nerves come together in the plexus at the base of the limb. Such plexuses occur in all gnathostomes, and they reach their highest complexity among mammals and birds in which the cervical plexus supplies many ventral neck muscles, the brachial plexus supplies the pectoral appendage, a lumbosacral plexus supplies the pelvic appendage, and a coccygeal plexus supplies some of the pelvic muscles.[well established][VHOG] + EHDAA2:0000180 + EHDAA:3782 + EMAPA:16988 + FMA:5906 + GAID:842 + MA:0001180 + MESH:D001917 + NCIT:C12682 + OpenCyc:Mx4rwNWmO5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA + SCTID:181002002 + UMLS:C0006090 + VHOG:0000372 + Wikipedia:Brachial_plexus + brachial plexus + uberon + plexus brachialis + UBERON:0001814 + + + brachial nerve plexus + brachial nerve plexus + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3a/Gray808.png + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c9/Brachial_plexus_color.svg + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:13:46.282486 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:13:57.536236 + + + + + An arrangement of nerve fibers, running from the spine where it proceeds through the neck then the axilla and into the arm where it innervates skin and muscle. [WP,modified]. + UBERON:cjm + Wikipedia:Brachial_plexus + + + + + A nerve plexus originating from the anterior branches of the last four cervical and the first thoracic spinal nerves, giving off many of the principal nerves of the shoulder, chest, and arms. [TFD][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000372 + VHOG + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/brachial+plexus + + + + + To reach the muscles, dermatomes, and other structures of the limbs, some of the neurons in the spinal nerves come together in the plexus at the base of the limb. Such plexuses occur in all gnathostomes, and they reach their highest complexity among mammals and birds in which the cervical plexus supplies many ventral neck muscles, the brachial plexus supplies the pectoral appendage, a lumbosacral plexus supplies the pelvic appendage, and a coccygeal plexus supplies some of the pelvic muscles.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000372 + VHOG + ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.436 + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + UMLS:C0006090 + ncithesaurus:Brachial_Plexus + + + + + brachial plexus + MA:0001180 + + + + + plexus brachialis + Wikipedia:Brachial_plexus + + + + + plexus brachialis + Wikipedia:Brachial_plexus + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A holocrine gland that secretes sebum into the hair follicles, or in hairless areas into ducts.[MP]. + sebaceous glands are also found in glabrous areas of eyelids, nose, penis, labia minora and nipples, and do not always secrete into hair follices. This causes some confusion in classification. In addition some structures, such as preputial glands are sometimes called 'modified' sebaceous glands, implying a non-subclass relationship. we follow MP and MA in keeping this class generic and creating a distinct subclass for sebaceuous glands of the skin. The FMA class may be better placed under this subclass. + Any of the numerous holocrine glands in the dermis that empty into a hair follicle and produce and secrete sebum. [TFD][VHOG] + Sebaceous glands are also limited to mammals.[well established][VHOG] + BTO:0001980 + CALOHA:TS-2384 + EMAPA:35754 + EV:0100161 + FMA:59160 + GAID:900 + MA:0002565 + MESH:D012627 + NCIT:C33519 + SCTID:361697005 + UMLS:C0036505 + VHOG:0001468 + Wikipedia:Sebaceous_gland + uberon + glandula sebacea + glandula sebaceae + sebaceous follicle + UBERON:0001821 + + + + + sebaceous gland + sebaceous gland + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/49/HairFollicle.png + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:15:32.208947 + + + + + A holocrine gland that secretes sebum into the hair follicles, or in hairless areas into ducts.[MP]. + MP:0000647 + Wikipedia:Sebaceous_gland + + + + + Any of the numerous holocrine glands in the dermis that empty into a hair follicle and produce and secrete sebum. [TFD][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0001468 + VHOG + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/sebaceous+gland + + + + + Sebaceous glands are also limited to mammals.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0001468 + VHOG + ISBN:978-0471090588 Hildebrand M, Analysis of vertebrate structure (1983) p.102 + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + UMLS:C0036505 + ncithesaurus:Sebaceous_Gland + + + + + glandula sebacea + Wikipedia:Sebaceous_gland + + + + + + glandula sebaceae + BTO:0001980 + + + + + sebaceous follicle + BTO:0001980 + + + + + + + + Lower lateral part of the cerebral hemisphere. (MSH). + BAMS:TL + BAMS:Temporal_lobe + BIRNLEX:1160 + BTO:0001355 + CALOHA:TS-1020 + DHBA:12139 + EFO:0000917 + EMAPA:18797 + EV:0100169 + FMA:61825 + GAID:635 + HBA:4132 + MAT:0000508 + MESH:A08.186.211.730.885.213.863 + NCIT:C12353 + OpenCyc:Mx4rwQLi-ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA + SCTID:180921000 + UMLS:C0039485 + UMLS:C1268978 + Wikipedia:Temporal_lobe + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=125 + lobus temporalis + temporal cortex + uberon + UBERON:0001871 + + + + Boundary notes: It is bounded dorsally by the lateral fissure and posteriorly by an arbitrary border shared with the occipital lobe. [Wikipedia:Temporal_lobe] + + temporal lobe + temporal lobe + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/91/Gray730.png + + + + + Lower lateral part of the cerebral hemisphere. (MSH). + BIRNLEX:1160 + + + + + UMLS:C0039485 + BIRNLEX:1160 + + + + + UMLS:C0039485 + ncithesaurus:Temporal_Lobe + + + + + UMLS:C1268978 + BIRNLEX:1160 + + + + + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=125 + BIRNLEX:1160 + + + + + lobus temporalis + Wikipedia:Temporal_lobe + + + + + + + + + Upper central part of the cerebral hemisphere. (MSH). + parietal region + BAMS:Parietal_lobe + BIRNLEX:1148 + BTO:0001001 + CALOHA:TS-0747 + DHBA:12131 + EFO:0000914 + EV:0100168 + FMA:61826 + GAID:680 + HBA:4084 + MAT:0000506 + MESH:A08.186.211.730.885.213.670 + NCIT:C12354 + OpenCyc:Mx4rvg-typwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA + SCTID:180922007 + UMLS:C0030560 + Wikipedia:Parietal_lobe + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=95 + regio parietalis + uberon + lobus parietalis + UBERON:0001872 + + + + + parietal lobe + parietal lobe + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b2/Gray726_parietal_lobe.png + + + + + Upper central part of the cerebral hemisphere. (MSH). + BIRNLEX:1148 + + + + + UMLS:C0030560 + BIRNLEX:1148 + + + + + UMLS:C0030560 + ncithesaurus:Parietal_Lobe_of_the_Brain + + + + + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=95 + BIRNLEX:1148 + + + + + regio parietalis + FMA:61826 + FMA:TA + + + + + + lobus parietalis + Wikipedia:Parietal_lobe + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Subcortical nucleus of telencephalic , which together with the caudate nucleus, forms the striatum. The putamen lies lateral to the internal capsule and medial to the external medullary lamina, and is separated from the caudate nucleus by the fibers of the internal capsule for most of its length, except at its anterior portion. + check - rodents. The caudate nucleus and putamen are separated by a clear white matter bundle in most species but not in rodents (MM) + Nucleus of brain which lies ventral to the caudate nucleus and internal capsule and medial to the external capsule. The putamen and caudate nucleus together form the dorsal striatum. It is also one of the structures that comprises the basal ganglia. Through various pathways, the putamen is connected to the substantia nigra and globus pallidus. The main function of the putamen is to regulate movements and influence various types of learning. It employs dopamine to perform its functions. The putamen also plays a role in degenerative neurological disorders, such as Parkinson's disease[Wikipedia:Putamen]. + All nuclei of the mammalian basal ganglia are also present in the oldest vertebrates.[well established][VHOG] + BAMS:PU + BAMS:Pu + BIRNLEX:809 + BM:Tel-Pu + CALOHA:TS-2041 + DHBA:10338 + DMBA:15857 + EMAPA:35719 + EV:0100187 + FMA:61834 + GAID:671 + HBA:4287 + MA:0000895 + MESH:A08.186.211.730.885.105.487.550.784 + NCIT:C12452 + PBA:10086 + SCTID:281512002 + UMLS:C0034169 + VHOG:0001456 + Wikipedia:Putamen + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=230 + nucleus putamen + uberon + UBERON:0001874 + + + + putamen + putamen + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/33/BrainCaudatePutamen.svg + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:00:32.978321 + + + + + Subcortical nucleus of telencephalic , which together with the caudate nucleus, forms the striatum. The putamen lies lateral to the internal capsule and medial to the external medullary lamina, and is separated from the caudate nucleus by the fibers of the internal capsule for most of its length, except at its anterior portion. + BIRNLEX:809 + + + + + Nucleus of brain which lies ventral to the caudate nucleus and internal capsule and medial to the external capsule. The putamen and caudate nucleus together form the dorsal striatum. It is also one of the structures that comprises the basal ganglia. Through various pathways, the putamen is connected to the substantia nigra and globus pallidus. The main function of the putamen is to regulate movements and influence various types of learning. It employs dopamine to perform its functions. The putamen also plays a role in degenerative neurological disorders, such as Parkinson's disease[Wikipedia:Putamen]. + Wikipedia:Putamen + + + + + All nuclei of the mammalian basal ganglia are also present in the oldest vertebrates.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0001456 + VHOG + DOI:10.1016/j.cub.2011.05.001 Stephenson-Jones M, Samuelsson E, Ericsson J, Robertson B, Grillner S, Evolutionary conservation of the basal ganglia as a common vertebrate mechanism for action selection. Current Biology (2011) + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + UMLS:C0034169 + ncithesaurus:Putamen + + + + + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=230 + BIRNLEX:809 + + + + + + + + A nerve that arises from the caudal cervical nerves and is primarily the motor nerve of the diaphragm but also sends sensory fibers to the pericardium. + A nerve that arises from the caudal cervical nerves and is primarily the motor nerve of the diaphragm but also sends sensory fibers to the pericardium. [TFD][VHOG] + BAMS:phn + BTO:0001063 + EHDAA:4677 + EMAPA:17813 + FMA:6191 + GAID:848 + MA:0001170 + MESH:D010791 + NCIT:C52813 + OpenCyc:Mx4rvtmdUJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA + SCTID:280344009 + UMLS:C0031774 + VHOG:0000728 + Wikipedia:Phrenic_nerve + uberon + diaphragmatic nerve + nervus phrenicus + phrenic + UBERON:0001884 + + + + phrenic nerve + phrenic nerve + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3c/Gray806.png + + + + + A nerve that arises from the caudal cervical nerves and is primarily the motor nerve of the diaphragm but also sends sensory fibers to the pericardium. + VHOG:0000728 + + + + + A nerve that arises from the caudal cervical nerves and is primarily the motor nerve of the diaphragm but also sends sensory fibers to the pericardium. [TFD][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000728 + VHOG + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/phrenic+nerve + + + + + UMLS:C0031774 + ncithesaurus:Phrenic_Nerve + + + + + diaphragmatic nerve + BTO:0001063 + + + + + nervus phrenicus + BTO:0001063 + + + + + nervus phrenicus + Wikipedia:Phrenic_nerve + + + + + + phrenic + BTO:0001063 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The most anterior region of the brain including both the telencephalon and diencephalon. + Most anterior of the three regions of the brain consisting of the telencephalon and diencephalon.[AAO] + The most anterior region the brain including both the telencephalon and diencephalon. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] + relationship loss: develops_from forebrain neural tube (TAO:0007041)[TAO] + In craniate embryos, neural expression of Distal-less-related genes is exclusively in the forebrain (...). Because the major neural expression domain of amphioxus AmphiDll is in the anterior three-fourths of the cerebral vesicle, we suggest that this region of the neural tube is homologous to parts of the craniate forebrain. This conclusion is strongly supported by three-dimensional, computer-assisted reconstruction of the neural tube of amphioxus based on serial transmission electron microscopy. At the neuroanatomical level, a number of detailed homologies are indicated between the anterior three-fourths of the amphioxus cerebral vesicle and the diencephalic region of the craniate forebrain. If one assumes that the amphioxus condition fairly represents the nervous system of the proximate ancestor of the craniates, one can suggest that they evolved from a creature that had the beginnings of a forebrain.[well established][VHOG] + prosencephalic + FB + AAO:0010147 + BAMS:FB + BAMS:Forebrain + BIRNLEX:1509 + BTO:0000478 + CALOHA:TS-0380 + DHBA:10156 + DMBA:15566 + EFO:0000909 + EHDAA2:0000556 + EHDAA:3470 + EMAPA:16895 + FMA:61992 + MA:0000170 + MAT:0000105 + MESH:D016548 + MIAA:0000105 + NCIT:C40185 + SCTID:362291003 + TAO:0000109 + UMLS:C0085140 + VHOG:0000383 + Wikipedia:Forebrain + XAO:0000011 + ZFA:0000109 + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=27 + uberon + prosencephalon + UBERON:0001890 + + + + + + forebrain + forebrain + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/54/EmbryonicBrain.svg + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:00:32.978207 + + + + + The most anterior region of the brain including both the telencephalon and diencephalon. + Wikipedia:Forebrain + ZFIN:ZDB-PUB-961014-576 + + + + + Most anterior of the three regions of the brain consisting of the telencephalon and diencephalon.[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0010147 + AAO + AAO:BJB + + + + + The most anterior region the brain including both the telencephalon and diencephalon. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0000109 + TAO + ZFIN:curator + + + + + relationship loss: develops_from forebrain neural tube (TAO:0007041)[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0000109 + TAO + + + + + In craniate embryos, neural expression of Distal-less-related genes is exclusively in the forebrain (...). Because the major neural expression domain of amphioxus AmphiDll is in the anterior three-fourths of the cerebral vesicle, we suggest that this region of the neural tube is homologous to parts of the craniate forebrain. This conclusion is strongly supported by three-dimensional, computer-assisted reconstruction of the neural tube of amphioxus based on serial transmission electron microscopy. At the neuroanatomical level, a number of detailed homologies are indicated between the anterior three-fourths of the amphioxus cerebral vesicle and the diencephalic region of the craniate forebrain. If one assumes that the amphioxus condition fairly represents the nervous system of the proximate ancestor of the craniates, one can suggest that they evolved from a creature that had the beginnings of a forebrain.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000383 + VHOG + PMID:8787764 Holland ND, Panganiban G, Henyey EL, Holland LZ, Sequence and developmental expression of AmphiDll, an amphioxus Distal-less gene transcribed in the ectoderm, epidermis and nervous system: insights into evolution of craniate forebrain and neural crest. Development (1996) + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + FB + BIRNLEX:1509 + NIFSTD:NeuroNames_abbrevSource + + + + + + UMLS:C0085140 + BIRNLEX:1509 + + + + + UMLS:C0085140 + ncithesaurus:Fore-Brain + + + + + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=27 + BIRNLEX:1509 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The midbrain is the middle division of the three primary divisions of the developing chordate brain or the corresponding part of the adult brain (in vertebrates, includes a ventral part containing the cerebral peduncles and a dorsal tectum containing the corpora quadrigemina and that surrounds the aqueduct of Sylvius connecting the third and fourth ventricles)[GO]. + developmental relationships need revised + + + Middle part of the brain composed of the optic tectum and penducular region.[AAO] + The brain region between the forebrain anteriorly and the hindbrain posteriorly, including the tectum dorsally and the midbrain tegmentum ventrally. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] + Fine structural, computerized three-dimensional (3D) mapping of cell connectivity in the amphioxus nervous system and comparative molecular genetic studies of amphioxus and tunicates have provided recent insights into the phylogenetic origin of the vertebrate nervous system. The results suggest that several of the genetic mechanisms for establishing and patterning the vertebrate nervous system already operated in the ancestral chordate and that the nerve cord of the proximate invertebrate ancestor of the vertebrates included a diencephalon, midbrain, hindbrain, and spinal cord.[well established][VHOG] + mesencephalic + part of brainstem in ABA - we reject this in favor of ISBN:0471888893 which has an implicit overlaps relationships + MB + AAO:0010149 + BAMS:MES + BIRNLEX:1667 + BM:MB + BTO:0000138 + CALOHA:TS-0630 + DHBA:10648 + DMBA:16649 + EFO:0000919 + EHDAA2:0001162 + EHDAA:3694 + EMAPA:16974 + EV:0100242 + FMA:61993 + HBA:9001 + MA:0000207 + MAT:0000106 + MBA:313 + MESH:D008636 + MIAA:0000106 + NCIT:C12510 + OpenCyc:Mx4rvsBUqpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA + RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001104 + SCTID:279099009 + TAO:0000128 + UMLS:C0025462 + VHOG:0000069 + Wikipedia:Midbrain + XAO:0000014 + ZFA:0000128 + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=462 + uberon + mesencephalon + UBERON:0001891 + + + + + + midbrain + midbrain + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f9/Human_brain_inferior_view_description.JPG + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:00:32.978326 + + + + + The midbrain is the middle division of the three primary divisions of the developing chordate brain or the corresponding part of the adult brain (in vertebrates, includes a ventral part containing the cerebral peduncles and a dorsal tectum containing the corpora quadrigemina and that surrounds the aqueduct of Sylvius connecting the third and fourth ventricles)[GO]. + GO:0030901 + + + + + + ZFA + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/378 + ABA + pending + + + + + + ZFA + ABA + pending + + + + + Middle part of the brain composed of the optic tectum and penducular region.[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0010149 + AAO + AAO:BJB + + + + + The brain region between the forebrain anteriorly and the hindbrain posteriorly, including the tectum dorsally and the midbrain tegmentum ventrally. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0000128 + TAO + ZFIN:curator + + + + + Fine structural, computerized three-dimensional (3D) mapping of cell connectivity in the amphioxus nervous system and comparative molecular genetic studies of amphioxus and tunicates have provided recent insights into the phylogenetic origin of the vertebrate nervous system. The results suggest that several of the genetic mechanisms for establishing and patterning the vertebrate nervous system already operated in the ancestral chordate and that the nerve cord of the proximate invertebrate ancestor of the vertebrates included a diencephalon, midbrain, hindbrain, and spinal cord.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000069 + VHOG + DOI:10.1016/S0959-4388(99)00003-3 Holland LZ and Holland ND, Chordate origins of the vertebrate central nervous system. Current Opinion in Neurobiology (1999) + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + part of brainstem in ABA - we reject this in favor of ISBN:0471888893 which has an implicit overlaps relationships + ABA + + + + + MB + BIRNLEX:1667 + NIFSTD:NeuroNames_abbrevSource + + + + + + UMLS:C0025462 + BIRNLEX:1667 + + + + + UMLS:C0025462 + ncithesaurus:Mesencephalon + + + + + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=462 + BIRNLEX:1667 + + + + + mesencephalon + Wikipedia:Midbrain + + + + + + + + + Organ component of neuraxis that has as its parts the medullary reticular formation, inferior olivary complex and cochlear nuclear complex, among other structures[FMA]. The medulla oblongata lies directly above the spinal cord and controls vital autonomic functions such as digestion, breathing and the control of heart rate[GO]. + Posterior portion of the hindbrain which controls respiration, heartbeat, digestion, and swallowing as well as some locomotor responses.[AAO] + The posterior region of the brain that is continuous with the spinal cord. [Bemis_WE, Functional_Anatomy_of_the_Vertebrates:_An_Evolutionary_Perspective, Glossary_G-17, Grande_L, Liem_KF, Third_Edition_(2001)_Orlando_Fla.:_Harcourt_College_Publishers, Walker_WF][VHOG] + Classical anatomical studies subdivided the vertebrate rhombencephalon into pons and medulla oblongata. (...) The medulla oblongata appears therefore as a tagma, that is, a group of segmental units (pseudorhombomeres, in this case) sharing some morphological and molecular characteristics, and in some aspects different from the segmental units present in adjoining brain regions, pons and spinal cord.[well established][VHOG] + bulb + medulla + AAO:0010486 + BAMS:MY + BAMS:Md + BIRNLEX:957 + BM:Me + BTO:0000041 + CALOHA:TS-0607 + DMBA:17352 + EFO:0000924 + EHDAA2:0001088 + EHDAA:7588 + EMAPA:17550 + EV:0100275 + FMA:62004 + GAID:590 + MA:0000206 + MAT:0000111 + MAT:0000367 + MBA:354 + MESH:D008526 + MIAA:0000111 + NCIT:C12442 + OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjxSJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA + OpenCyc:Mx4rwCqnXJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA + SCTID:279104005 + TAO:0000545 + UMLS:C0025148 + UMLS:C1269575 + VHOG:0000181 + Wikipedia:Bone_marrow_of_ovary_oblongata + XAO:0003100 + ZFA:0000545 + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=698 + bulbus + uberon + medulla oblonzata + metepencephalon + UBERON:0001896 + + + + + + medulla oblongata + medulla oblongata + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6b/Illu_pituitary_pineal_glands.jpg + + + + + Organ component of neuraxis that has as its parts the medullary reticular formation, inferior olivary complex and cochlear nuclear complex, among other structures[FMA]. The medulla oblongata lies directly above the spinal cord and controls vital autonomic functions such as digestion, breathing and the control of heart rate[GO]. + FMA:62004 + GO:0021550 + Wikipedia:Bone_marrow_of_ovary_oblongata + + + + + Posterior portion of the hindbrain which controls respiration, heartbeat, digestion, and swallowing as well as some locomotor responses.[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0010486 + AAO + AAO:BJB + + + + + The posterior region of the brain that is continuous with the spinal cord. [Bemis_WE, Functional_Anatomy_of_the_Vertebrates:_An_Evolutionary_Perspective, Glossary_G-17, Grande_L, Liem_KF, Third_Edition_(2001)_Orlando_Fla.:_Harcourt_College_Publishers, Walker_WF][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000181 + VHOG + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + Classical anatomical studies subdivided the vertebrate rhombencephalon into pons and medulla oblongata. (...) The medulla oblongata appears therefore as a tagma, that is, a group of segmental units (pseudorhombomeres, in this case) sharing some morphological and molecular characteristics, and in some aspects different from the segmental units present in adjoining brain regions, pons and spinal cord.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000181 + VHOG + DOI:10.1016/j.ydbio.2008.08.017 Marin F, Aroca P, Puelles L, Hox gene colinear expression in the avian medulla oblongata is correlated with pseudorhombomeric domains. Developmental Biology (2008) + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + medulla + ABA:MY + + + + + UMLS:C0025148 + BIRNLEX:957 + + + + + UMLS:C0025148 + ncithesaurus:Medulla_Oblongata + + + + + UMLS:C1269575 + BIRNLEX:957 + + + + + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=698 + BIRNLEX:957 + + + + + bulbus + FMA:62004 + FMA:TA + + + + + + medulla oblonzata + Wikipedia:Medulla_oblongata + + + + + + metepencephalon + FMA:62004 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A specialized brain region of the ventral diencephalon arising near the end of the segmentation period; the embryonic hypothalamic region will give rise to the posterior pituitary gland as well as a number of brain nuclei. [ZFA]. One of the most important functions of the hypothalamus is to link the nervous system to the endocrine system via the pituitary gland (hypophysis).[Wikipedia]. + + + + + A specialized brain region of the ventral diencephalon arising near the end of the segmentation period; the embryonic hypothalamic region will give rise to the posterior pituitary gland as well as a number of brain nuclei. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] + Part of the diencephalon ventral to the thalamus consisting of connecting fibers and is a center for control of the autonomous nervous system.[AAO] + For instance, the vertebrate ventral diencephalon generates the hypothalamus which functions as a major endocrine center in cooperation with the hypophysis, the anterior part of the pituitary gland, located just ventral to the hypothalamus. In the amphioxus brain, the presence of a hypothalamus-like structure has been reported associated with the ventrally located Hatschek's pit, the hypothetical hypophysial homologue. It is thus conceivable that a hypothalamus-like structure originally involved in endocrine functions may have already been present before the establishment of vertebrates.[well established][VHOG] + hypothalamic + all vertebrates contain a hypothalamus + Hy + AAO:0010484 + BAMS:HY + BAMS:Hy + BIRNLEX:734 + BM:Die-Hy + BTO:0000614 + CALOHA:TS-0469 + DHBA:10467 + EFO:0000107 + EHDAA2:0000802 + EHDAA:5446 + EMAPA:17536 + EV:0100225 + FMA:62008 + GAID:460 + HBA:4540 + MA:0000173 + MAT:0000112 + MBA:1097 + MESH:A08.186.211.577.482 + MIAA:0000112 + NCIT:C12458 + OpenCyc:Mx4rwEgr9JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA + SCTID:264483005 + TAO:0000032 + UMLS:C0020663 + VHOG:0000179 + Wikipedia:Hypothalamus + XAO:0004070 + ZFA:0000032 + galen:Hypothalamus + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=292 + preoptico-hypothalamic area + preoptico-hypothalamic region + uberon + hypothalamus + UBERON:0001898 + + + + + + hypothalamus + hypothalamus + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9f/LocationOfHypothalamus.jpg + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:00:32.978408 + + + + + A specialized brain region of the ventral diencephalon arising near the end of the segmentation period; the embryonic hypothalamic region will give rise to the posterior pituitary gland as well as a number of brain nuclei. [ZFA]. One of the most important functions of the hypothalamus is to link the nervous system to the endocrine system via the pituitary gland (hypophysis).[Wikipedia]. + Wikipedia:Hypothalamus + ZFIN:curator + + + + + + ABA + + + + + + Lancelets possess a region similar to the hypothalamus (Murakami, 2005) + + + + + + Ariens, p. 1192 + + + + + A specialized brain region of the ventral diencephalon arising near the end of the segmentation period; the embryonic hypothalamic region will give rise to the posterior pituitary gland as well as a number of brain nuclei. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0000032 + TAO + ZFIN:curator + + + + + Part of the diencephalon ventral to the thalamus consisting of connecting fibers and is a center for control of the autonomous nervous system.[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0010484 + AAO + AAO:BJB + + + + + For instance, the vertebrate ventral diencephalon generates the hypothalamus which functions as a major endocrine center in cooperation with the hypophysis, the anterior part of the pituitary gland, located just ventral to the hypothalamus. In the amphioxus brain, the presence of a hypothalamus-like structure has been reported associated with the ventrally located Hatschek's pit, the hypothetical hypophysial homologue. It is thus conceivable that a hypothalamus-like structure originally involved in endocrine functions may have already been present before the establishment of vertebrates.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000179 + VHOG + DOI:10.1016/j.ydbio.2005.02.008 Murakami Y, Uchida K, Rijli FM and Kuratani S, Evolution of the brain developmental plan: Insights from agnathans. Developmental Biology (2005) + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + all vertebrates contain a hypothalamus + WP + + + + + Hy + BIRNLEX:734 + NIFSTD:NeuroNames_abbrevSource + + + + + + UMLS:C0020663 + BIRNLEX:734 + + + + + UMLS:C0020663 + ncithesaurus:Hypothalamus + + + + + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=292 + BIRNLEX:734 + + + + + hypothalamus + Wikipedia:Hypothalamus + + + + + + + + + Most dorsal part of the thalamus, comprising the pineal gland and habenular nuclei in most vertebrates. In a few vertebrates, it also includes the parietal eye. (Butler and Hodos, Comparative Vertebrate Neuroanatomy, 2nd ed, 2005, pg. 345-346. + + + + + Dorsal segment of the diencephalon containing the habenular ganglia, a choroid plexus, and the pineal organ.[AAO] + The roof of the diencephalon lying above the thalamus. [Bemis_WE, Functional_Anatomy_of_the_Vertebrates:_An_Evolutionary_Perspective, Glossary_G-11, Grande_L, Liem_KF, Third_Edition_(2001)_Orlando_Fla.:_Harcourt_College_Publishers, Walker_WF][VHOG] + The epithalamus has been historically conceived as a distinct neuroanatomical moiety within the diencephalon of all vertebrates. (...) The evolutionary origins of epithalamic structures are uncertain but asymmetry in this region is likely to have existed at the origin of the vertebrate, perhaps even the chordate, lineage.[well established][VHOG] + epithalamic + ETh + AAO:0010482 + BAMS:EPI + BAMS:ETh + BAMS:EpT + BAMS:Epi + BIRNLEX:1710 + BM:Die-Epi + BTO:0000175 + CALOHA:TS-2060 + DHBA:10451 + EFO:0000918 + EHDAA2:0000448 + EHDAA:5433 + EMAPA:17532 + EV:0100220 + FMA:62009 + GAID:455 + HBA:4520 + MA:0000172 + MAT:0000422 + MBA:958 + MESH:A08.186.211.577.200 + MIAA:0000422 + NCIT:C12457 + OpenCyc:Mx4rvneLQpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA + PBA:128013147 + SCTID:281487003 + TAO:0000509 + UMLS:C0152361 + VHOG:0000178 + Wikipedia:Epithalamus + ZFA:0000509 + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=292 + uberon + epithalamus + UBERON:0001899 + + + + + + epithalamus + epithalamus + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cb/Epithalamus.png + + + + + Most dorsal part of the thalamus, comprising the pineal gland and habenular nuclei in most vertebrates. In a few vertebrates, it also includes the parietal eye. (Butler and Hodos, Comparative Vertebrate Neuroanatomy, 2nd ed, 2005, pg. 345-346. + BIRNLEX:1710 + + + + + + ABA + + + + + + ABA + + + + + + ABA + + + + + Dorsal segment of the diencephalon containing the habenular ganglia, a choroid plexus, and the pineal organ.[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0010482 + AAO + AAO:BJB + + + + + The roof of the diencephalon lying above the thalamus. [Bemis_WE, Functional_Anatomy_of_the_Vertebrates:_An_Evolutionary_Perspective, Glossary_G-11, Grande_L, Liem_KF, Third_Edition_(2001)_Orlando_Fla.:_Harcourt_College_Publishers, Walker_WF][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000178 + VHOG + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + The epithalamus has been historically conceived as a distinct neuroanatomical moiety within the diencephalon of all vertebrates. (...) The evolutionary origins of epithalamic structures are uncertain but asymmetry in this region is likely to have existed at the origin of the vertebrate, perhaps even the chordate, lineage.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000178 + VHOG + DOI:10.1046/j.1469-7580.2001.19910063.x Concha ML and Wilson SW, Asymmetry in the epithalamus of vertebrates. J Anat (2001) + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + ETh + BIRNLEX:1710 + NIFSTD:NeuroNames_abbrevSource + + + + + + UMLS:C0152361 + BIRNLEX:1710 + + + + + UMLS:C0152361 + ncithesaurus:Epithalamus + + + + + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=292 + BIRNLEX:1710 + + + + + epithalamus + Wikipedia:Epithalamus + + + + + + + + + Anterior part of the diencephalon that lies between the dorsal thalamus, hypothalamus, and tegmentum of the mesencephalon, including subthalamic nucleus, zona incerta, the fields of Forel, and the nucleus of ansa lenticularis[GO, modified]. + + + subthalamic + SbTh + BAMS:SbTh + BAMS:VNT + BAMS:VT + BAMS:Ventral_thalamus + BIRNLEX:708 + BM:Die-VTh + CALOHA:TS-2048 + DHBA:10461 + DMBA:16310 + EHDAA2:0004470 + EMAPA:35915 + EV:0100223 + FMA:62010 + GAID:653 + HBA:4504 + MA:0000181 + MESH:A08.186.211.730.385.800 + NCIT:C52731 + SCTID:279332007 + TAO:0000458 + UMLS:C0152349 + Wikipedia:Subthalamus + ZFA:0000458 + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=434 + subthalamic region + subthalamus + thalamus ventralis + ventral thalamus + uberon + perithalamus + prethalamus + UBERON:0001900 + + + + Some sources treat the subthalamus as distinct from the thalamus, separated by the zona limitans intrathalamica. In MA, the ventral thalamus is part of the thalamus. Butler Hodos who identify a dorsal to ventral sequence consisting of epithalamus, dorsal thalamus, ventral thalamus and hypothalamus. We solve this by considering dorsal and ventral thalamus distinct, and the label thalamus as being ambiguous w.r.t thalamus proper (dorsal thalamus) or wider thalamus (dorsal plus ventral) + + ventral thalamus + ventral thalamus + + + + + Anterior part of the diencephalon that lies between the dorsal thalamus, hypothalamus, and tegmentum of the mesencephalon, including subthalamic nucleus, zona incerta, the fields of Forel, and the nucleus of ansa lenticularis[GO, modified]. + GO:0021539 + + + + + + Ariens, p. 1192 + + + + + SbTh + BIRNLEX:708 + NIFSTD:NeuroNames_abbrevSource + + + + + + UMLS:C0152349 + BIRNLEX:708 + + + + + UMLS:C0152349 + ncithesaurus:Ventral_Thalamus + + + + + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=434 + BIRNLEX:708 + + + + + subthalamic region + BIRNLEX:708 + FMA:62010 + + + + + subthalamus + BIRNLEX:708 + Wikipedia:Thalamus + + + + + thalamus ventralis + BIRNLEX:708 + + + + + + ventral thalamus + GO:0021539 + + + + + ventral thalamus + MA:0000181 + + + + + perithalamus + Wikipedia:Thalamus + + + + + prethalamus + Wikipedia:Thalamus + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The epithelial lining of the trachea which contains numerous ciliated cells. + UBERON:0003227 + BTO:0001389 + CALOHA:TS-1061 + EHDAA2:0002069 + EHDAA:5007 + EMAPA:16855 + EMAPA:18409 + FMA:62015 + MA:0001862 + NCIT:C33797 + UMLS:C1179002 + VHOG:0001045 + epithelial tissue of trachea + epithelial tissue of windpipe + epithelium of windpipe + trachea epithelial tissue + trachea epithelium + tracheal epithelium + windpipe epithelial tissue + windpipe epithelium + uberon + UBERON:0001901 + + + epithelium of trachea + epithelium of trachea + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:09:29.477251 + + + + + The epithelial lining of the trachea which contains numerous ciliated cells. + ISBN:0-397-51047-0 + MGI:cwg + MP:0002285 + + + + + UMLS:C1179002 + ncithesaurus:Tracheal_Epithelium + + + + + epithelial tissue of trachea + OBOL:automatic + + + + + epithelial tissue of windpipe + OBOL:automatic + + + + + epithelium of windpipe + OBOL:automatic + + + + + trachea epithelial tissue + OBOL:automatic + + + + + windpipe epithelial tissue + OBOL:automatic + + + + + windpipe epithelium + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A midline, cone like structure located in the dorso-caudal roof of the 3rd ventricle, attached by peduncles to the habenular and posterior commissures. The stalk contains nerve fibers, blood vessels, connective tissue and parenchymal cells (Paxinos, The Rat Central Nervous System, 2nd ed, pg 399). + + + + A circumscribed swelling, includes the pineal primordium that appears late in the segmentation period in the dorsal midline of the diencephalon. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] + Anatomical structure which is a medial outgrowth of the thalamus on the dorsal surface of the brain. This structure is light sensitive and secretes melatonin when exposed to prolonged darkness.[AAO] + relationship loss: part_of pineal complex (TAO:0001359)[TAO] + The pineal gland has evolved from a part of the epiphyseal complex of anamniotes, which includes a median light-receptive pineal eye, parietal eye, or both.[well established][VHOG] + epiphyseal + epiphysial + lobulated in humans, homogeneous in mouse. Calcifies with age in humans. + Pi + AAO:0010549 + BAMS:PIN + BAMS:Pi + BIRNLEX:1184 + BM:P + BTO:0001067 + CALOHA:TS-0789 + DHBA:10460 + EFO:0000865 + EHDAA2:0001466 + EHDAA:7523 + EMAPA:18778 + EV:0100131 + EV:0100221 + FMA:62033 + GAID:453 + HBA:4532 + MA:0000175 + MAT:0000448 + MBA:953 + MESH:D010870 + NCIT:C12398 + NLXANAT:1010009 + OpenCyc:Mx4rv2FMGpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA + SCTID:181126002 + TAO:0000019 + UMLS:C0031939 + VHOG:0000051 + Wikipedia:Pineal_gland + XAO:0000160 + ZFA:0000019 + galen:PinealGland + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=297 + corpus pineale + glandula pinealis + pineal gland + pineal organ + uberon + conarium + epiphysis + epiphysis cerebri + frontal organ + pineal + pineal gland (Galen) + stirnorgan + UBERON:0001905 + + + + + + + pineal body + pineal body + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6b/Illu_pituitary_pineal_glands.jpg + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:00:32.978284 + + + + + A midline, cone like structure located in the dorso-caudal roof of the 3rd ventricle, attached by peduncles to the habenular and posterior commissures. The stalk contains nerve fibers, blood vessels, connective tissue and parenchymal cells (Paxinos, The Rat Central Nervous System, 2nd ed, pg 399). + BIRNLEX:1184 + + + + + + ABA + + + + + + ABA + + + + + + Hardisty, p. 310 + + + + + A circumscribed swelling, includes the pineal primordium that appears late in the segmentation period in the dorsal midline of the diencephalon. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0000019 + TAO + ZFIN:curator + + + + + Anatomical structure which is a medial outgrowth of the thalamus on the dorsal surface of the brain. This structure is light sensitive and secretes melatonin when exposed to prolonged darkness.[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0010549 + AAO + AAO:BJB + + + + + relationship loss: part_of pineal complex (TAO:0001359)[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0000019 + TAO + + + + + The pineal gland has evolved from a part of the epiphyseal complex of anamniotes, which includes a median light-receptive pineal eye, parietal eye, or both.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000051 + VHOG + ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.516 + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + Pi + BIRNLEX:1184 + NIFSTD:NeuroNames_abbrevSource + + + + + + UMLS:C0031939 + BIRNLEX:1184 + + + + + UMLS:C0031939 + ncithesaurus:Pineal_Gland + + + + + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=297 + BIRNLEX:1184 + + + + + glandula pinealis + FMA:62033 + FMA:TA + + + + + + glandula pinealis + FMA:TA + + + + + + pineal gland + FMA:62033 + + + + + pineal organ + ZFA:0000019 + + + + + conarium + BIRNLEX:1184 + + + + + epiphysis + ZFA:0000019 + + + + + + epiphysis cerebri + Wikipedia:Epiphysis_cerebri + + + + + frontal organ + VHOG:0000051 + + + + + pineal + VHOG:0000051 + + + + + pineal gland (Galen) + NeuroNames:297 + + + + + stirnorgan + VHOG:0000051 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The zona incerta is a horizontally elongated region of gray matter cells in the subthalamus below the thalamus. Its connections project extensively over the brain from the cerebral cortex down into the spinal cord. Its function is unknown though several have been proposed related to 'limbic-motor integration' such as controlling visceral activity and pain; gating sensory input and synchronizing cortical and subcortical brain rhythms. Its dysfunction may play a role in central pain syndrome. It is also been identified as a promising deep brain stimulation therapy target for treating Parkinsons Disease. Its existence was first described by Auguste Forel in 1877 as a 'region of which nothing certain can be said'. A hundred and thirty years later in 2007, Nadia Urbain and Martin Deschênes of Université Laval noted that the 'zona incerta is among the least studied regions of the brain; its name does not even appear in the index of many textbooks. ' [WP,unvetted]. + + + + + BAMS:ZI + BM:Die-VTh-ZI + BTO:0003146 + DHBA:10463 + EMAPA:35930 + FMA:62038 + HBA:4507 + MA:0000878 + MBA:797 + SCTID:369186007 + Wikipedia:Zona_incerta + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=438 + uberon + nucleus of the zona incerta + zona incerta proper + UBERON:0001907 + + + zona incerta + zona incerta + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:00:32.978362 + + + + + The zona incerta is a horizontally elongated region of gray matter cells in the subthalamus below the thalamus. Its connections project extensively over the brain from the cerebral cortex down into the spinal cord. Its function is unknown though several have been proposed related to 'limbic-motor integration' such as controlling visceral activity and pain; gating sensory input and synchronizing cortical and subcortical brain rhythms. Its dysfunction may play a role in central pain syndrome. It is also been identified as a promising deep brain stimulation therapy target for treating Parkinsons Disease. Its existence was first described by Auguste Forel in 1877 as a 'region of which nothing certain can be said'. A hundred and thirty years later in 2007, Nadia Urbain and Martin Deschênes of Université Laval noted that the 'zona incerta is among the least studied regions of the brain; its name does not even appear in the index of many textbooks. ' [WP,unvetted]. + Wikipedia:Zona_incerta + + + + + + ABA + + + + + + ABA + + + + + + ABA + + + + + + ABA + + + + + nucleus of the zona incerta + BAMS:ZI + + + + + zona incerta proper + BAMS:ZI + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Diencephalic white matter (tract) which is comprised of retinal ganglion cell axons after which they have passed through the optic chiasm[ZFA]. Predominantly white matter structure found in diencephalon consisting of fibers originating in the retina. The optic tract is considered to extend from the point of the optic chiasm and terminates largely, although not exclusively, in the lateral geniculate complex. Other fibers end in the superior colliculus and other structures in the diencephalon, midbrain and brainstem (MM)[NIF]. + relationships need checking by expert. NIF and ZFA both state part of diencepahalon; MA says part of optic nerve II. in uberon, CNS and PNS are spatially disjoint, and axon tracts are part of the CNS so we make the relationship to CNII 'continuous_with' + BAMS:opt + BIRNLEX:1684 + BM:Tel-OT + DHBA:10589 + DMBA:17785 + EMAPA:16678 + EMAPA:35617 + FMA:62046 + GAID:735 + HBA:9309 + MA:0001099 + MBA:125 + MESH:D014795 + NCIT:C33218 + SCTID:280952003 + TAO:0000252 + UMLS:C0152405 + VHOG:0001164 + Wikipedia:Optic_tract + XAO:0004101 + ZFA:0000252 + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=460 + optic lemniscus + uberon + optic tracts + tractus optici + tractus opticus + visual pathway + UBERON:0001908 + + + + + optic tract + optic tract + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f6/Gray773.png + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:00:32.978358 + + + + + Diencephalic white matter (tract) which is comprised of retinal ganglion cell axons after which they have passed through the optic chiasm[ZFA]. Predominantly white matter structure found in diencephalon consisting of fibers originating in the retina. The optic tract is considered to extend from the point of the optic chiasm and terminates largely, although not exclusively, in the lateral geniculate complex. Other fibers end in the superior colliculus and other structures in the diencephalon, midbrain and brainstem (MM)[NIF]. + NIFSTD + Wikipedia:Optic_tract + ZFIN:curator + + + + + UMLS:C0152405 + BIRNLEX:1684 + + + + + UMLS:C0152405 + ncithesaurus:Optic_Tract + + + + + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=460 + BIRNLEX:1684 + + + + + optic tracts + ZFA:0000252 + + + + + + tractus optici + NeuroNames:460 + + + + + + tractus opticus + Wikipedia:Optic_tract + + + + + + visual pathway + GAID:735 + + + + + + + + Ventral part of the midbrain, separated from the hindbrain by the isthmus[ISBN:0471888893]. Subdivision of the midbrain lying anterior to the tectum and posterior to the substantia nigra and cerebral peduncle[FMA] The part of the midbrain extending from the substantia nigra to the cerebral aqueduct in a horizontal section of the midbrain. It forms the floor of the midbrain that surrounds the cerebral aqueduct[WP]. + Together, our results reveal a shared basic organization in the tegmental domains of the diencephalon and midbrain of developing lamprey, indicating early appearance of the domain in vertebrate phylogeny.[well established][VHOG] + MTg + tegmentum + BAMS:MTg + BIRNLEX:1200 + BTO:0003388 + DHBA:12195 + EFO:0000921 + EHDAA2:0004475 + EMAPA:18215 + FMA:62393 + HBA:9002 + MA:0000212 + MAT:0000452 + SCTID:362392007 + TAO:0000160 + UMLS:C0039441 + VHOG:0001367 + Wikipedia:Midbrain_tegmentum + XAO:0004271 + ZFA:0000160 + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=491 + tegmentum mesencephali + tegmentum of midbrain + uberon + mesencephalic tegmentum + tegmentum mesencephalicum + UBERON:0001943 + + + + + 'tegmentum' is used generically for the ventral part of the brainstem (ISBN:0471888893). We use the label 'midbrain tegmentum' to denote the midbrain structure. In NIFSTD tegmentum is a composite structure and there is a separate class for midbrain tegmentum and pontine tegmentum + + midbrain tegmentum + midbrain tegmentum + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b6/Gray712.png + + + + + Ventral part of the midbrain, separated from the hindbrain by the isthmus[ISBN:0471888893]. Subdivision of the midbrain lying anterior to the tectum and posterior to the substantia nigra and cerebral peduncle[FMA] The part of the midbrain extending from the substantia nigra to the cerebral aqueduct in a horizontal section of the midbrain. It forms the floor of the midbrain that surrounds the cerebral aqueduct[WP]. + FMA:FMA + ISBN:0471888893 + Wikipedia:Midbrain_tegmentum + + + + + Together, our results reveal a shared basic organization in the tegmental domains of the diencephalon and midbrain of developing lamprey, indicating early appearance of the domain in vertebrate phylogeny.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0001367 + VHOG + DOI:10.1016/j.brainresbull.2005.05.001 Villar-Cheda B, Abalo XM, Anadon R, Rodicio MC, The tegmental proliferation region in the sea lamprey. Brain Research Bulletin (2005) + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + MTg + BIRNLEX:1200 + NIFSTD:NeuroNames_abbrevSource + + + + + + tegmentum + ISBN:0471888893 + + + + + UMLS:C0039441 + BIRNLEX:1200 + + + + + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=491 + BIRNLEX:1200 + + + + + tegmentum mesencephali + Wikipedia:Midbrain_tegmentum + + + + + + mesencephalic tegmentum + VHOG:0001367 + + + + + tegmentum mesencephalicum + NeuroNames:491 + + + + + + + + + Nuclear complex between dorsal thalamus and optic tectum whose nuclei receive afferents primarily from the retina and the optic tectum and are involved in modulating motor behavior in response to visual input. + + + + + + + + + + + A narrow, transversely oriented rostral zone of the mesencephalic tectum, bounded caudally by the superior colliculus, rostrally by the habenular trigone, and laterally by the pulvinar thalami; the pretectal area contains several nuclei that receive fibers from the optic tract; it has bilateral efferent connections with the Edinger-Westphal nucleus of the oculomotor nuclear complex by way of which it mediates the pupillary light refle[MP:0009637]x + Region of brain lying between the midbrain tectum and the thalamus (Sefton and Dreher, in Paxinos, G The rat central nervous system, 1995, pg 859), Situated at the level of poterior commissure and just rostral to the superior colliculus (Brodal, Neurological Anatomy, 3rd ed, 1981, pg 542) + in monotremes, undifferentiated and possesses only a single nucleus[ISBN:0471888893] + teleost fishes exhibit hypertrophy of the pretectum[ISBN:0471888893] + within the amniotes, this region is smaller in mammals[ISBN:0471888893] + It receives binocular sensory input from retinal ganglion cells of the eyes, and is the region responsible for maintaining the pupillary light reflex + part of diencephalon in ZFA - modify to adjacent here, supported by pub. Note there is some inconsistency in resources between the region vs nuclei - sometimes they are treated equivalent, sometimes separate (e.g. MP) + BAMS:PRT + BAMS:PTc + BAMS:PTec + BIRNLEX:703 + BM:MB-Tec-PT + DHBA:12181 + DMBA:16510 + EMAPA:32778 + FMA:62402 + HBA:9079 + MA:0001062 + MBA:1100 + NLX:59721 + SCTID:416333003 + TAO:0000418 + UMLS:C0175354 + Wikipedia:Pretectal_area + Wikipedia:Pretectum + XAO:0004303 + ZFA:0000418 + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=467 + area pretectalis + nuclei pretectales + pretectal area + pretectal nuclei + pretectum + uberon + area praetectalis + nucleus praetectalis + praetectum + regio pretectalis + UBERON:0001944 + + + + + pretectal region + Pretectal region + + + + + Nuclear complex between dorsal thalamus and optic tectum whose nuclei receive afferents primarily from the retina and the optic tectum and are involved in modulating motor behavior in response to visual input. + ISBN:0471888893 + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/361 + + + + + + ABA + + + + + + ABA + + + + + + ABA + + + + + + ABA + + + + + + ABA + + + + + + ABA + + + + + + ABA + + + + + + ABA + + + + + + ABA + + + + + + ABA + + + + + A narrow, transversely oriented rostral zone of the mesencephalic tectum, bounded caudally by the superior colliculus, rostrally by the habenular trigone, and laterally by the pulvinar thalami; the pretectal area contains several nuclei that receive fibers from the optic tract; it has bilateral efferent connections with the Edinger-Westphal nucleus of the oculomotor nuclear complex by way of which it mediates the pupillary light refle[MP:0009637]x + MP:0009637 + + + + + Region of brain lying between the midbrain tectum and the thalamus (Sefton and Dreher, in Paxinos, G The rat central nervous system, 1995, pg 859), Situated at the level of poterior commissure and just rostral to the superior colliculus (Brodal, Neurological Anatomy, 3rd ed, 1981, pg 542) + NLX:59721 + + + + + part of diencephalon in ZFA - modify to adjacent here, supported by pub. Note there is some inconsistency in resources between the region vs nuclei - sometimes they are treated equivalent, sometimes separate (e.g. MP) + ZFA + + + + + UMLS:C0175354 + BIRNLEX:703 + + + + + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=467 + BIRNLEX:703 + + + + + area pretectalis + FMA:62402 + FMA:TA + + + + + + area pretectalis + + + + + + nuclei pretectales + FMA:62402 + FMA:TA + + + + + + area praetectalis + NeuroNames:467 + + + + + + nucleus praetectalis + NeuroNames:467 + + + + + + praetectum + NeuroNames:467 + + + + + + regio pretectalis + NeuroNames:467 + + + + + + + + + Part of the midbrain tecturm consisting of paired bodies that sit caudal to the thalamus and surround the pineal gland in the mesencephalon of vertebrate brains. It comprises the rostral aspect of the midbrain, posterior to the periaqueductal gray and adjacent superior the inferior colliculus. The inferior and superior colliculi are known collectively as the corpora quadrigemina (Latin, quadruplet bodies). It consists of several identified cellular layers and also comprises the brachium of the superior colliculus and commissure of supeior colliculus from Wikipedia.org and Neuronames (MM). + The brain structure where the two separate inputs from the two eyes are combined into a single, integrated map.[AAO] + The roof of the midbrain, morphologically visible by the end of the segmentation period. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] + The tectum is a layered structure, with a number of layers that vary by species. The superficial layers are sensory-related, and receive input from the eyes as well as other sensory systems.[1] The optic tectum is one of the fundamental components of the vertebrate brain, existing across the full range of species from hagfish to human.[4] (See the brain article for background.) Some aspects of the structure are very consistent, including a structure composed of a number of layers, with a dense input from the optic nerve to the superficial layers and another strong input conveying somatosensory input to deeper layers. Other aspects are highly variable, such as the total number of layers (from 3 in the African lungfish to 15 in the goldfish[5]), and the number of different types of cells (from 2 in the lungfish to 27 in the house sparrow[5] + The term SC is used when discussing mammals, and OT for other vertebrates[WP] + AAO:0010609 + BAMS:SC + BIRNLEX:1040 + BM:MB-Tec-SC + BTO:0000965 + DHBA:12292 + DMBA:16678 + EFO:0002474 + EMAPA:32869 + EV:0100245 + FMA:62403 + GAID:576 + HBA:9114 + MA:0001068 + MESH:A08.186.211.132.659.237.816 + TAO:0000445 + UMLS:C0228405 + Wikipedia:Superior_colliculus + XAO:0003226 + ZFA:0000445 + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=473 + anterior colliculus + anterior corpus quadrigeminum + cranial colliculus + optic tectum + uberon + colliculus bigeminalis oralis + colliculus cranialis + colliculus rostralis + colliculus superior + corpora bigemina + corpus quadrigeminum superius + dorsal midbrain + layers of the superior colliculus + lobus opticus + nates + optic lobe + optic tectum + strata (grisea et alba) colliculi cranialis + strata (grisea et alba) colliculi superioris + tectal lobe + tectum + tectum opticum + UBERON:0001945 + + + + + ). In hagfish, lamprey, and shark it is a relatively small structure, but in teleost fish it is greatly expanded, in some cases becoming the largest structure in the brain. (See the adjoining drawing of a codfish brain.) In amphibians, reptiles, and especially birds it is also a very significant component, but in mammals it is dwarfed by the massive expansion of the cerebral cortex. + + superior colliculus + superior colliculus + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/da/Cn3nucleus.png + + + + + Part of the midbrain tecturm consisting of paired bodies that sit caudal to the thalamus and surround the pineal gland in the mesencephalon of vertebrate brains. It comprises the rostral aspect of the midbrain, posterior to the periaqueductal gray and adjacent superior the inferior colliculus. The inferior and superior colliculi are known collectively as the corpora quadrigemina (Latin, quadruplet bodies). It consists of several identified cellular layers and also comprises the brachium of the superior colliculus and commissure of supeior colliculus from Wikipedia.org and Neuronames (MM). + BIRNLEX:1040 + + + + + The brain structure where the two separate inputs from the two eyes are combined into a single, integrated map.[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0010609 + AAO + PMID:17952453 + + + + + The roof of the midbrain, morphologically visible by the end of the segmentation period. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0000445 + TAO + ZFIN:curator + + + + + UMLS:C0228405 + BIRNLEX:1040 + + + + + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=473 + BIRNLEX:1040 + + + + + optic tectum + NCBITaxon:32443 + NCBITaxon:7777 + Wikipedia:Superior_colliculus + ZFA:0000445 + + + + + + colliculus bigeminalis oralis + NeuroNames:473 + + + + + + colliculus cranialis + NeuroNames:473 + + + + + + colliculus rostralis + NeuroNames:473 + + + + + + colliculus superior + NeuroNames:473 + + + + + + corpus quadrigeminum superius + NeuroNames:473 + + + + + + layers of the superior colliculus + NeuroNames:473 + + + + + lobus opticus + BTO:0000965 + + + + + nates + NeuroNames:473 + + + + + + strata (grisea et alba) colliculi cranialis + NeuroNames:473 + + + + + + strata (grisea et alba) colliculi superioris + NeuroNames:473 + + + + + + + + + Part of the midbrain tectum, consisting of paired predominantly gray matter elevations on the dorsal aspect of the midbrain, located caudal to the superior colliculus, dorsal to the periaqueductal gray of the cerebral aqueduct and rostral to the cerebellum. According to Neuronames, the inferior colliculus comprises the central, pericentral and external nucleus and two predominantly white matter structures, the brachium of the inferior colliculus and the commissure of the inferior colliculus (MM). + BAMS:IC + BIRNLEX:806 + DHBA:12305 + DMBA:16692 + EFO:0002465 + EMAPA:32870 + EV:0100246 + FMA:62404 + GAID:575 + HBA:9102 + MA:0001067 + MBA:4 + MESH:A08.186.211.132.659.237.364 + UMLS:C0228411 + Wikipedia:Inferior_colliculus + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=476 + caudal colliculus + inferior colliculi + posterior colliculus + posterior corpus quadrigeminum + uberon + colliculus caudalis + colliculus inferior + corpus bigeminalis caudalis + corpus bigeminum posterioris + corpus quadrigeminum inferius + UBERON:0001946 + + + + + inferior colliculus + inferior colliculus + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/26/Gray711.png + + + + + Part of the midbrain tectum, consisting of paired predominantly gray matter elevations on the dorsal aspect of the midbrain, located caudal to the superior colliculus, dorsal to the periaqueductal gray of the cerebral aqueduct and rostral to the cerebellum. According to Neuronames, the inferior colliculus comprises the central, pericentral and external nucleus and two predominantly white matter structures, the brachium of the inferior colliculus and the commissure of the inferior colliculus (MM). + BIRNLEX:806 + + + + + UMLS:C0228411 + BIRNLEX:806 + + + + + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=476 + BIRNLEX:806 + + + + + inferior colliculi + EV:0100246 + + + + + + colliculus caudalis + NeuroNames:476 + + + + + + colliculus inferior + Wikipedia:Inferior_colliculus + + + + + + corpus bigeminalis caudalis + NeuroNames:476 + + + + + + corpus bigeminum posterioris + NeuroNames:476 + + + + + + corpus quadrigeminum inferius + NeuroNames:476 + + + + + + + + + Large round nucleus located in the midbrain tegmentum, consisting of a magnocellular and parvicellular portion in most species studied. + + + + + + + + + + + in animals without a significant corticospinal tract, gait is mainly controlled by the red nucleus. + R + BAMS:R + BAMS:RN + BIRNLEX:1478 + BM:MB-RN + DHBA:12247 + EHDAA2:0004706 + EMAPA:35724 + EV:0100248 + FMA:62407 + GAID:586 + HBA:9053 + MA:0001063 + MBA:214 + MESH:A08.186.211.132.659.822.642 + SCTID:279287006 + TAO:0000552 + UMLS:C0034910 + Wikipedia:Red_nucleus + ZFA:0000552 + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=505 + nucleus ruber + uberon + nucleus rotundus subthalamo-peduncularis + nucleus ruber + nucleus ruber tegmenti + nucleus ruber tegmenti (Stilling) + red nucleus (Burdach) + UBERON:0001947 + + + + red nucleus + red nucleus + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/da/Cn3nucleus.png + + + + + Large round nucleus located in the midbrain tegmentum, consisting of a magnocellular and parvicellular portion in most species studied. + BIRNLEX:1478 + + + + + + ABA + + + + + + ABA + + + + + + ABA + + + + + + ABA + + + + + + ABA + + + + + + ABA + + + + + + ABA + + + + + + ABA + + + + + + ABA + + + + + + ABA + + + + + R + BIRNLEX:1478 + NIFSTD:NeuroNames_abbrevSource + + + + + + UMLS:C0034910 + BIRNLEX:1478 + + + + + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=505 + BIRNLEX:1478 + + + + + nucleus ruber + TAO:0000552 + + + + + + nucleus rotundus subthalamo-peduncularis + NeuroNames:505 + + + + + + nucleus ruber + Wikipedia:Red_nucleus + + + + + + nucleus ruber tegmenti + MP:MP + + + + + + nucleus ruber tegmenti (Stilling) + NeuroNames:505 + + + + + + red nucleus (Burdach) + NeuroNames:505 + + + + + + + + + The parenchymatous tissue of the spleen that surrounds splenic blood vessels, consists of compact masses of lymphatic cells and is where foreign material removed from the blood is used to initiate an immune reaction that results in the production of antibodies. + The white pulp contains T cells, B cells and accessory cells. The function of the white pulp is to mount an immunological response to antigens within the blood. The white pulp is present in the form of a periarteriolar lymphoid sheath. This sheath contains B cell follicles and T cells. At the edge of the T zone is a region known as the marginal zone where larger lymphocytes and antigen presenting dendritic cells are located. [Wikipedia:White_pulp] + CALOHA:TS-1264 + EMAPA:35809 + FMA:62805 + MA:0000762 + NCIT:C12993 + UMLS:C0229686 + Wikipedia:White_pulp + pulpa alba + spleen white pulp + splenic white pulp + white pulp + uberon + noduli lymphoidei splenici + UBERON:0001959 + + + + white pulp of spleen + white pulp of spleen + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/15/Gray1191.png + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:16:52.285422 + + + + + The parenchymatous tissue of the spleen that surrounds splenic blood vessels, consists of compact masses of lymphatic cells and is where foreign material removed from the blood is used to initiate an immune reaction that results in the production of antibodies. + MGI:csmith + MP:0002357 + + + + + UMLS:C0229686 + ncithesaurus:Splenic_White_Pulp + + + + + pulpa alba + FMA:62805 + FMA:TA + + + + + + noduli lymphoidei splenici + Wikipedia:White_pulp + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The area of the spleen in which T cells surround the central arteriole. + FMA distinguishes periarterial (PALS) from periarteriolar (FMA:62806) + EMAPA:37750 + FMA:62810 + MA:0000765 + PALS + T cell domain of the splenic white pulp + periarterial lymphoid sheath + periarteriolar sheath + spleen periarteriolar lymphatic sheath + uberon + splenic periarteriolar lymphoid sheath + UBERON:0001960 + + + periarterial lymphatic sheath + periarterial lymphatic sheath + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:16:56.115533 + + + + + The area of the spleen in which T cells surround the central arteriole. + MP:0002358 + + + + + FMA distinguishes periarterial (PALS) from periarteriolar (FMA:62806) + FMA + + + + + EMAPA:37750 + MA:th + + + + + PALS + MP:0002358 + + + + + + T cell domain of the splenic white pulp + MP:0002358 + + + + + periarteriolar sheath + MP:0002358 + + + + + splenic periarteriolar lymphoid sheath + MP:0002358 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Diffuse system of small concentrations of lymphoid tissue found in various sites of the body such as the gastrointestinal tract, thyroid, breast, lung, salivary glands, eye, and skin[WP]. Mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue is typically found as nodules associated with mucosal epithelia with distinct internal structures including B- and T-zones for the activation of lymphocytes[GO]. + todo - add part relationships to specific layers + FMA:62819 + MA:0000140 + NCIT:C12910 + UMLS:C0599921 + Wikipedia:Mucosa-associated_lymphoid_tissue + MALT + epithelio-lymphoid tissue + mucosa associated lymphatic tissue + mucosa associated lymphoid tissue + mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue + mucosal-associated lymphatic tissue + mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue + uberon + UBERON:0001961 + + + + mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue + mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:07:27.339081 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:07:27.339054 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:07:27.339059 + + + + + Diffuse system of small concentrations of lymphoid tissue found in various sites of the body such as the gastrointestinal tract, thyroid, breast, lung, salivary glands, eye, and skin[WP]. Mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue is typically found as nodules associated with mucosal epithelia with distinct internal structures including B- and T-zones for the activation of lymphocytes[GO]. + Wikipedia:Mucosa-associated_lymphoid_tissue + + + + + UMLS:C0599921 + ncithesaurus:Mucosa-Associated_Lymphoid_Tissue + + + + + epithelio-lymphoid tissue + FMA:62819 + + + + + mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue + GO:0048537 + + + + + mucosal-associated lymphatic tissue + GO:0048537 + + + + + mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue + GO:0048537 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue in digestive tract. includes Peyer's patches, appendix, and solitary lymph nodules[GO]. + phylogenetic relationships to be added + guts of jawless fish contains cells with lymphocyte-like morphology (Mayer 2002). + FMA:62820 + MA:0000136 + NCIT:C12936 + UMLS:C0596638 + Wikipedia:Gut-associated_lymphoid_tissue + gut associated lymphoid tissue + uberon + GALT + UBERON:0001962 + + + + gut-associated lymphoid tissue + gut-associated lymphoid tissue + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:07:27.339073 + + + + + Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue in digestive tract. includes Peyer's patches, appendix, and solitary lymph nodules[GO]. + Wikipedia:Gut-associated_lymphoid_tissue + + + + + UMLS:C0596638 + ncithesaurus:Gut_Associated_Lymphoid_Tissue + + + + + + + + A diffuse collection of lymphpoid cells that participate in airway immune responses. + FMA:62821 + MA:0000135 + NCIT:C32234 + UMLS:C1179418 + bronchus associated lymphoid tissue + uberon + BALT + UBERON:0001963 + + Lymphoid tissue associated with airways in mice has functional similarities to human BALT[ISBN:0123813611] Notes: FMA classifies this as organized, not diffuse + + bronchial-associated lymphoid tissue + bronchial -associated lymphoid tissue + + + + + A diffuse collection of lymphpoid cells that participate in airway immune responses. + ISBN:0123813611 + + + + + UMLS:C1179418 + ncithesaurus:Bronchus-Associated_Lymphoid_Tissue + + + + + + + + EMAPA:32925 + FMA:63120 + MA:0000724 + SCTID:371401008 + VHOG:0001430 + pancreas parenchyma + pancreatic parenchyma + uberon + UBERON:0001978 + + parenchyma of pancreas + parenchyma of pancreas + + + + + + + + One of the minute vessels that collect deoxygenated blood from the capillary plexuses returns it to the veins. + Multi-tissue structure part of the blood vasculature formed by the anastomosis of capillaries. Venules carry blood toward the heart.[TAO] + BTO:0002626 + EMAPA:35917 + FMA:63130 + MA:0000071 + MESH:A07.231.432.952 + NCIT:C12818 + SCTID:341687009 + TAO:0005315 + UMLS:C0042520 + VHOG:0001765 + Wikipedia:Venule + ZFA:0005315 + uberon + venula + UBERON:0001979 + + + + + venule + venule + Illu:capillary.jpg + + + + + One of the minute vessels that collect deoxygenated blood from the capillary plexuses returns it to the veins. + MESH:A07.231.432.952 + MP:0004125 + + + + + Multi-tissue structure part of the blood vasculature formed by the anastomosis of capillaries. Venules carry blood toward the heart.[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0005315 + TAO + ZFIN:curator + + + + + UMLS:C0042520 + ncithesaurus:Venule + + + + + venula + Wikipedia:Venule + + + + + + + + + Any of the smallest blood vessels connecting arterioles with venules. + not all sources agree capillary is a blood vessel - consider adopting EMAPA superclass of vascular element + Any of the tiny blood vessels connecting the arterioles to the venules.[AAO] + The appearance of Chordata and subsequently the vertebrates is accompanied by a rapid structural diversification of this primitive linear heart: looping, unidirectional circulation, an enclosed vasculature, and the conduction system.[well established][VHOG] + capillaries lack tunica media and tunica adventitia; only the endothelial wall of the tunica intima belongs + AAO:0010252 + BTO:0002045 + CALOHA:TS-2006 + EFO:0001906 + EMAPA:35198 + EV:0100035 + FMA:63194 + MA:0000065 + MESH:A07.231.432.410 + NCIT:C12685 + NLXANAT:090902 + OpenCyc:Mx4rvWEU-5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA + TAO:0005250 + UMLS:C0935624 + VHOG:0001253 + Wikipedia:Capillary + XAO:0000116 + ZFA:0005250 + blood capillary + capillary vessel + uberon + UBERON:0001982 + + + + + + capillary + capillary + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2f/A_red_blood_cell_in_a_capillary,_pancreatic_tissue_-_TEM.jpg + + + + + Any of the smallest blood vessels connecting arterioles with venules. + ISBN:0073040584 + Wikipedia:Capillary + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/137 + + + + + Any of the tiny blood vessels connecting the arterioles to the venules.[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0010252 + AAO + AAO:BJB + + + + + The appearance of Chordata and subsequently the vertebrates is accompanied by a rapid structural diversification of this primitive linear heart: looping, unidirectional circulation, an enclosed vasculature, and the conduction system.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0001253 + VHOG + DOI:10.1196/annals.1341.002 Bishopric NH, Evolution of the heart from bacteria to man. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences (2006) + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + UMLS:C0935624 + ncithesaurus:Capillary + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A monolayer of specialized, flattened, mitochondria-rich cells that lines the posterior surface of the cornea and faces the anterior chamber of the eye[WP]. + CALOHA:TS-0172 + EMAPA:35935 + FMA:63882 + GAID:891 + MA:0001242 + MESH:D004728 + NCIT:C12707 + SCTID:368827009 + TAO:0002186 + UMLS:C0014259 + Wikipedia:Corneal_endothelium + ZFA:0001687 + cornea endothelium + endothelium of cornea + uberon + epithelium posterius corneae + UBERON:0001985 + + + + + corneal endothelium + corneal endothelium + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/66/Gray871.png + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:02:14.759335 + + + + + A monolayer of specialized, flattened, mitochondria-rich cells that lines the posterior surface of the cornea and faces the anterior chamber of the eye[WP]. + Wikipedia:Corneal_endothelium + + + + + UMLS:C0014259 + ncithesaurus:Corneal_Endothelium + + + + + cornea endothelium + OBOL:automatic + + + + + endothelium of cornea + OBOL:automatic + + + + + epithelium posterius corneae + Wikipedia:Corneal_endothelium + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A layer of epithelium that lines the heart, blood vessels (endothelium, vascular), lymph vessels (endothelium, lymphatic), and the serous cavities of the body[MESH]. Simple squamous epithelium which lines blood and lymphatic vessels and the heart[FMA]. + endothelial + BTO:0000393 + CALOHA:TS-0278 + EFO:0002548 + FMA:63916 + GAID:520 + MESH:D004727 + NCIT:C12481 + SCTID:27168002 + UMLS:C0014257 + galen:Endothelium + uberon + UBERON:0001986 + + + The term 'endothelium' has been either restricted to the continuous cell layer of the vertebrates, as we are assuming here, or applied to all the cells able to adhere to the luminal surface of the vascular basement membrane (Casley-Smith 1980) + + endothelium + endothelium + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:04:57.972264 + + + + + A layer of epithelium that lines the heart, blood vessels (endothelium, vascular), lymph vessels (endothelium, lymphatic), and the serous cavities of the body[MESH]. Simple squamous epithelium which lines blood and lymphatic vessels and the heart[FMA]. + FMA:63916 + MESH:A10.272.491 + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/225 + + + + + UMLS:C0014257 + ncithesaurus:Endothelium + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Peripheral portion of the lymph node, underneath the capsule[WP]. + EMAPA:35525 + FMA:66253 + MA:0000740 + NCIT:C33029 + UMLS:C0933402 + Wikipedia:Cortex_of_lymph_node + lymph node cortex + uberon + cortex nodi lymphoidei + UBERON:0002006 + + + + cortex of lymph node + cortex of lymph node + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b8/Illu_lymph_node_structure.png + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:10:35.184983 + + + + + Peripheral portion of the lymph node, underneath the capsule[WP]. + Wikipedia:Cortex_of_lymph_node + + + + + UMLS:C0933402 + ncithesaurus:Lymph_Node_Cortex + + + + + cortex nodi lymphoidei + Wikipedia:Cortex_of_lymph_node + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The medullary portion of the lymph node, which contains large blood vessels, sinuses and medullary cords that contain antibody-secreting plasma cells. + EMAPA:35529 + FMA:66254 + MA:0000745 + lymph node medulla + uberon + medulla nodi lymphoidei + UBERON:0002007 + + + + medulla of lymph node + medulla of lymph node + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:10:35.184883 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:10:38.280373 + + + + + The medullary portion of the lymph node, which contains large blood vessels, sinuses and medullary cords that contain antibody-secreting plasma cells. + Wikipedia:Lymph_node#Medulla + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + medulla nodi lymphoidei + Wikipedia:Medulla_of_lymph_node + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The thoracodorsal artery is a branch of the subscapular artery. It travels inferiorly with the thoracodorsal nerve and supplies the latissimus dorsi. [WP,unvetted]. + EMAPA:37129 + FMA:66320 + MA:0002065 + NCIT:C53018 + UMLS:C0933449 + Wikipedia:Thoracodorsal_artery + uberon + arteria thoracodorsalis + UBERON:0002011 + + + thoracodorsal artery + thoracodorsal artery + Latissimus:dorsi.png + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.167793 + + + + + The thoracodorsal artery is a branch of the subscapular artery. It travels inferiorly with the thoracodorsal nerve and supplies the latissimus dorsi. [WP,unvetted]. + Wikipedia:Thoracodorsal_artery + + + + + EMAPA:37129 + MA:th + + + + + UMLS:C0933449 + ncithesaurus:Thoracodorsal_Artery + + + + + arteria thoracodorsalis + Wikipedia:Thoracodorsal_artery + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The tough fibrous layer surrounding the kidney which is covered in a thick layer of perirenal adipose tissue that functions to provide some protection from trauma and damage. + provides some protection from trauma and damage. + The renal capsule relates to the other layers in the following order (moving from innermost to outermost): renal medulla renal cortex renal capsule perinephric fat (or 'perirenal fat') renal fascia paranephric fat (or 'pararenal fat') peritoneum (anteriorly), and transversalis fascia (posteriorly).[Wikipedia:Kidney_capsule] + EMAPA:18679 + FMA:66610 + MA:0000370 + NCIT:C12885 + SCTID:243657006 + UMLS:C0227637 + Wikipedia:Kidney_capsule + galen:CapsuleOfKidney + capsula fibrosa renis + capsule of kidney + fibrous capsule of kidney + renal capsule + uberon + UBERON:0002015 + + + + kidney capsule + kidney capsule + Illu:kidney.jpg + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:04:49.725531 + + + + + The tough fibrous layer surrounding the kidney which is covered in a thick layer of perirenal adipose tissue that functions to provide some protection from trauma and damage. + MGI:anna + MP:0011383 + + + + + UMLS:C0227637 + ncithesaurus:Renal_Capsule + + + + + capsula fibrosa renis + FMA:66610 + FMA:TA + + + + + + fibrous capsule of kidney + FMA:66610 + + + + + renal capsule + GO:0072127 + + + + + + + + Pulmonary veins are blood vessels that transport blood from the lungs to the heart[GO]. + Any of the veins which collect blood from the lungs and some small vesicles received from the esophagus.[AAO] + One of two pairs of large vessels that return oxygenated blood from each lung to the left atrium of the heart. [TFD][VHOG] + the veins that return oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart + On the other hand, in the sister clade of the actinopterygians, the sarcopterygians, the gill circulation is supplemented with lung ventilation. As a result, the pulmonary artery and vein and a functional ductus arteriosus arose as a major evolutionary innovation from the sixth arch, giving the organism a flexible shunt to balance blood supply to and from gills and lungs according to environmental conditions.[well established][VHOG] + + AAO:0010521 + BTO:0001799 + CALOHA:TS-0840 + EHDAA2:0001579 + EHDAA:2629 + EMAPA:18645 + FMA:66643 + GAID:543 + MA:0002206 + MESH:D011667 + NCIT:C12776 + SCTID:430160002 + UMLS:C0034090 + VHOG:0001133 + Wikipedia:Pulmonary_vein + XAO:0000394 + galen:PulmonaryVein + pulmonary venous tree organ part + uberon + venae pulmonales + UBERON:0002016 + + + + pulmonary vein + pulmonary vein + Alveoli:diagram.png + + + + + Pulmonary veins are blood vessels that transport blood from the lungs to the heart[GO]. + GO:0060577 + + + + + Any of the veins which collect blood from the lungs and some small vesicles received from the esophagus.[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0010521 + AAO + AAO:BJB + + + + + One of two pairs of large vessels that return oxygenated blood from each lung to the left atrium of the heart. [TFD][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0001133 + VHOG + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/pulmonary+vein + + + + + the veins that return oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart + MP:0002726,MGI:cwg + + + + + On the other hand, in the sister clade of the actinopterygians, the sarcopterygians, the gill circulation is supplemented with lung ventilation. As a result, the pulmonary artery and vein and a functional ductus arteriosus arose as a major evolutionary innovation from the sixth arch, giving the organism a flexible shunt to balance blood supply to and from gills and lungs according to environmental conditions.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0001133 + VHOG + ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.620 + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + UMLS:C0034090 + ncithesaurus:Pulmonary_Vein + + + + + venae pulmonales + Wikipedia:Pulmonary_vein + + + + + + + + + Soft tissue that lines the non-cartilaginous surfaces within joints with cavities (synovial joints). + Phylogenetically, synovium is one of the newer attributes of the vertebrate locomotor apparatus. The first synovial joints developed in the piscine jaw of ancestors of modern lungfish by an evolutionary process that modified preexisting fibrous and cartilaginous joints, which were the predominant articulation of the early sea- and land-dwelling vertebrates.[well established][VHOG] + synovial layer + synovial membrane + synovium + AEO:0000181 + BTO:0001823 + EFO:0001393 + EHDAA2_RETIRED:0003181 + EMAPA:37476 + EV:0100143 + FMA:9865 + GAID:264 + MA:0000114 + MESH:D013583 + NCIT:C12473 + SCTID:361828005 + UMLS:C0039099 + VHOG:0001282 + Wikipedia:Synovial_membrane + galen:SynovialMembrane + membrana synovialis (capsula articularis) + membrana synovialis capsulae articularis + stratum synoviale + stratum synoviale (capsula articularis) + uberon + synovial layer of articular capsule of synovial joint + synovial membrane of articular capsule of synovial joint + synovium of articular capsule of synovial joint + UBERON:0002018 + + + + synovial membrane of synovial joint + synovial membrane of synovial joint + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/19/Joint.png + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5d/Synovium.png + + + + + Soft tissue that lines the non-cartilaginous surfaces within joints with cavities (synovial joints). + Wikipedia:Synovial_membrane + + + + + Phylogenetically, synovium is one of the newer attributes of the vertebrate locomotor apparatus. The first synovial joints developed in the piscine jaw of ancestors of modern lungfish by an evolutionary process that modified preexisting fibrous and cartilaginous joints, which were the predominant articulation of the early sea- and land-dwelling vertebrates.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0001282 + VHOG + PMID:11068553 O'Connel JX, Pathology of the synovium. American Journal of Clinical Pathology (2000) + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + synovial layer + FMA:66762 + + + + + synovial membrane + AEO:0000181 + + + + + synovium + BTO:0001823 + VHOG:0001282 + + + + + EMAPA:37476 + MA:th + + + + + UMLS:C0039099 + ncithesaurus:Synovial_Membrane + + + + + membrana synovialis (capsula articularis) + FMA:9865 + FMA:TA + + + + + + membrana synovialis capsulae articularis + Wikipedia:Synovial_membrane + + + + + + stratum synoviale + FMA:66762 + FMA:TA + + + + + + stratum synoviale (capsula articularis) + FMA:9865 + FMA:TA + + + + + + synovial layer of articular capsule of synovial joint + FMA:9865 + + + + + synovial membrane of articular capsule of synovial joint + FMA:9865 + + + + + synovium of articular capsule of synovial joint + FMA:9865 + + + + + + + + Posterior part of the cerebral hemisphere (MSH). + BAMS:OL + BAMS:Occipital_lobe + BIRNLEX:1136 + BTO:0000293 + CALOHA:TS-0693 + DHBA:12148 + EFO:0000915 + EV:0100170 + FMA:67325 + GAID:678 + HBA:4180 + MAT:0000507 + MESH:A08.186.211.730.885.213.571 + NCIT:C12355 + OpenCyc:Mx4rv9OFy5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA + SCTID:180923002 + UMLS:C0028785 + Wikipedia:Occipital_lobe + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=140 + regio occipitalis + uberon + lobus occipitalis + UBERON:0002021 + + + + + occipital lobe + occipital lobe + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8c/Gray727_occipital_lobe.png + + + + + Posterior part of the cerebral hemisphere (MSH). + BIRNLEX:1136 + + + + + UMLS:C0028785 + BIRNLEX:1136 + + + + + UMLS:C0028785 + ncithesaurus:Occipital_Lobe + + + + + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=140 + BIRNLEX:1136 + + + + + regio occipitalis + FMA:67325 + FMA:TA + + + + + + lobus occipitalis + Wikipedia:Occipital_lobe + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Gray matter of the insular region of the neocortex. In gyrencephalic animals, it is part of the insular lobe and lies in the depths of the lateral fissure and covered by portions of the frontal, parietal and temporal lobes. It includes Brodmann areas 13-16. + Consider splitting insular cortex from insular lobe. See https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/412 + two classes in ncit, Central_Lobe is part of temporal lobe + UBERON:0023846 + iNS + BAMS:AI + BAMS:Ins + BIRNLEX:1117 + BTO:0001105 + DHBA:12176 + EV:0100172 + FMA:67329 + HBA:4268 + NCIT:C32278 + NLX:11342 + OpenCyc:Mx4rvpK5WZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA + SCTID:279201009 + UMLS:C0021640 + Wikipedia:Insular_cortex + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=111 + ncithesaurus:Insula + central lobe + cortex of island + insula lobule + insular lobe + insular region + island of Reil + lobus insularis + insular cortex + uberon + cortex insularis + insula Reilii + insula cerebri + insula of Reil + insular gyrus + insulary cortex + morphological insula + UBERON:0002022 + + + insula + insula + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2b/Gray731.png + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:00:32.978238 + + + + + Gray matter of the insular region of the neocortex. In gyrencephalic animals, it is part of the insular lobe and lies in the depths of the lateral fissure and covered by portions of the frontal, parietal and temporal lobes. It includes Brodmann areas 13-16. + BIRNLEX:1117 + + + + + two classes in ncit, Central_Lobe is part of temporal lobe + ncit + + + + + iNS + FMA:67329 + FMA:CMA + + + + + + UMLS:C0021640 + BIRNLEX:1117 + + + + + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=111 + BIRNLEX:1117 + + + + + central lobe + FMA:67329 + + + + + cortex of island + FMA:67329 + + + + + insula lobule + FMA:67329 + + + + + insular lobe + FMA:67329 + + + + + insular lobe + NLX:11342 + + + + + insular region + FMA:67329 + + + + + island of Reil + FMA:67329 + + + + + lobus insularis + FMA:67329 + FMA:TA + + + + + + insular cortex + BIRNLEX:1117 + + + + + insular cortex + FMA:67329 + + + + + cortex insularis + NeuroNames:111 + + + + + + insula Reilii + NeuroNames:111 + + + + + + insula cerebri + NeuroNames:111 + + + + + + insula of Reil + NeuroNames:111 + + + + + insular gyrus + NeuroNames:111 + + + + + insulary cortex + BTO:0001105 + + + + + morphological insula + NeuroNames:111 + + + + + + + + + One of the four basal ganglia in each cerebral hemisphere that consists of a thin lamina of gray matter between the lentiform nucleus and the insula[BTO]. The claustrum, which is suspected to be present in all mammals, is a fairly thin (fraction of 1 mm to multiple mms) vertical curved sheet of subcortical gray matter oriented sagittally between the white matter tracts of the external capsule and extreme capsule. The claustrum is lateral to the putamen and medial to the insular cortex and is considered by some sources to be part of the basal ganglia. There are lateral and medial tracts connecting to many cortices and perhaps to the hippocampus, the amygdala, and the caudate nucleus (connections with subcortical centers are a matter of debate)[WP]. + + + + BAMS:CL + BAMS:CLA + BAMS:Cl + BIRNLEX:1522 + BM:Tel-Cl + BTO:0004292 + DHBA:10346 + DMBA:15984 + EMAPA:35244 + EV:0100183 + FMA:67440 + HBA:4321 + MA:0000888 + MBA:583 + NCIT:C32329 + PBA:128012960 + SCTID:279410004 + UMLS:C0008910 + Wikipedia:Claustrum + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=252 + claustrum + dorsal claustrum + dorsal portion of claustrum + uberon + claustrum (Burdach) + UBERON:0002023 + + + claustrum of brain + claustrum of brain + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/91/Telencephalon-Horiconatal.jpg + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:00:28.561272 + + + + + One of the four basal ganglia in each cerebral hemisphere that consists of a thin lamina of gray matter between the lentiform nucleus and the insula[BTO]. The claustrum, which is suspected to be present in all mammals, is a fairly thin (fraction of 1 mm to multiple mms) vertical curved sheet of subcortical gray matter oriented sagittally between the white matter tracts of the external capsule and extreme capsule. The claustrum is lateral to the putamen and medial to the insular cortex and is considered by some sources to be part of the basal ganglia. There are lateral and medial tracts connecting to many cortices and perhaps to the hippocampus, the amygdala, and the caudate nucleus (connections with subcortical centers are a matter of debate)[WP]. + BTO:0004292 + Wikipedia:Claustrum + + + + + + ABA + + + + + + ABA + + + + + + Wikipedia + + + + + UMLS:C0008910 + BIRNLEX:1522 + + + + + UMLS:C0008910 + ncithesaurus:Claustrum + + + + + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=252 + BIRNLEX:1522 + + + + + claustrum + MA:0000888 + + + + + dorsal claustrum + FMA:67440 + + + + + dorsal portion of claustrum + FMA:67440 + + + + + claustrum (Burdach) + NeuroNames:252 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The deepest layer of the epidermis, which is composed of dividing stem cells and anchoring cells. + replaces damaged cells on outside of body + consisting of non-keratinized, viable cells, in contrast to the outer (upper) layer of epidermis made up of keratinized, anucleated, non-viable cells + Malpighian layer + rete Malphighii + rete Malpighii + stratum Malpighi + stratum basale + stratum germinosum + AAO:0010598 + BTO:0000438 + EMAPA:32779 + FMA:67540 + MA:0000803 + NCIT:C33466 + NCIT:C33623 + SCTID:419481005 + TAO:0001180 + UMLS:C0221925 + Wikipedia:Stratum_germinativum + XAO:0000041 + ZFA:0001180 + basal cell layer of epidermis + basal epidermal layer + epidermal basal stratum + epidermis stratum basale + stratum basalis of epidermis + stratum germinativum + stratum germinosum of epidermis + uberon + basal cell layer of skin + basal layer of epidermis + epidermis basal layer + epidermis sensorial layer + epidermis stratum germinativum + UBERON:0002025 + + + + stratum basale of epidermis + stratum basale of epidermis + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:15:22.380625 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:15:30.573600 + + + + + The deepest layer of the epidermis, which is composed of dividing stem cells and anchoring cells. + ISBN:0-683-40008-8 + MP:0001231 + + + + + Malpighian layer + Wikipedia:Malpighian_layer + + + + + rete Malphighii + + + + + + stratum Malpighi + Wikipedia:Malpighian_layer + + + + + + UMLS:C0221925 + ncithesaurus:Stratum_Basale + + + + + basal cell layer of epidermis + FMA:67540 + + + + + basal epidermal layer + ZFA:0001180 + + + + + epidermal basal stratum + TAO:0001180 + + + + + epidermis sensorial layer + XAO:0000041 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The layer of polyhedral cells in the epidermis found between the stratum granulosum and stratum basale; shrinkage and adhesion of these cells gives a spiny or prickly appearance. + Has cells that produce and secrete bipolar lipids which prevent evaporation, helping to 'water-proof' the skin. Keratinization begins in the stratum spinosum. [Wikipedia:Stratum_spinosum] + Malpighian layer + stratum Malpighii + BTO:0000435 + EMAPA:32785 + FMA:67542 + MA:0000807 + NCIT:C12850 + SCTID:420086000 + UMLS:C0221924 + Wikipedia:Stratum_spinosum + epidermis stratum spinosum + prickle cell layer of epidermis + squamous cell layer of epidermis + stratum spinosum + uberon + epidermis prickle cell layer + prickle cell layer + UBERON:0002026 + + + stratum spinosum of epidermis + stratum spinosum of epidermis + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:15:22.380614 + + + + + The layer of polyhedral cells in the epidermis found between the stratum granulosum and stratum basale; shrinkage and adhesion of these cells gives a spiny or prickly appearance. + ISBN:0-683-40008-8 + MP:0001236 + + + + + Malpighian layer + Wikipedia:Malpighian_layer + + + + + stratum Malpighii + Wikipedia:Malpighian + + + + + + UMLS:C0221924 + ncithesaurus:Stratum_Spinosum + + + + + prickle cell layer of epidermis + FMA:67542 + + + + + prickle cell layer + BTO:0000435 + + + + + + + + The outer layer of the epidermis, consisting of several layers of flat keratinized non-nucleated cells. + The keratinized outermost layer of the epidermis, which is periodically shed.[AAO] + some oral epitehlium also has cornified layer / stratum corneum + horny layer + keratinized squame layer + stratum corneum + AAO:0010597 + BTO:0000344 + CALOHA:TS-0981 + EMAPA:32787 + FMA:67545 + MA:0000804 + NCIT:C33625 + SCTID:361695002 + UMLS:C0221921 + Wikipedia:Stratum_corneum + cornified layer + epidermis stratum corneum + horny layer of epidermis + keratinized squame layer of epidermis + uberon + stratum corneum epidermidis + UBERON:0002027 + + + stratum corneum of epidermis + stratum corneum of epidermis + Epidermal:layers.png + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/20/Skinlayers.png + + + + + The outer layer of the epidermis, consisting of several layers of flat keratinized non-nucleated cells. + ISBN:0-683-40008-8 + MP:0001240 + + + + + The keratinized outermost layer of the epidermis, which is periodically shed.[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0010597 + AAO + AAO:CAM + + + + + horny layer + BTO:0000344 + + + + + UMLS:C0221921 + ncithesaurus:Stratum_Corneum + + + + + horny layer of epidermis + FMA:67545 + + + + + stratum corneum epidermidis + Wikipedia:Stratum_corneum + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The most posterior of the three principal regions of the brain. In mammals and birds the hindbrain is divided into a rostral metencephalon and a caudal myelencephalon. In zebrafish, with the exception of the cerebellum, the ventral remainder of the metencephalon can be separated only arbitrarily from the more caudal myelencephalic portion of the medulla oblongata (From: Neuroanatomy of the Zebrafish Brain)[ZFA]. Organ component of neuraxis that has as its parts the pons, cerebellum and medulla oblongata[FMA]. + + + + Posterior part of the brain consisting of the cerebellum and medulla oblongata.[AAO] + The most posterior of the three principal regions of the brain, forming the rhombencephalon and all or most of the metencephalon. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] + relationship loss: develops_from hindbrain neural tube (TAO:0007043)[TAO] + Fine structural, computerized three-dimensional (3D) mapping of cell connectivity in the amphioxus nervous system and comparative molecular genetic studies of amphioxus and tunicates have provided recent insights into the phylogenetic origin of the vertebrate nervous system. The results suggest that several of the genetic mechanisms for establishing and patterning the vertebrate nervous system already operated in the ancestral chordate and that the nerve cord of the proximate invertebrate ancestor of the vertebrates included a diencephalon, midbrain, hindbrain, and spinal cord.[well established][VHOG] + rhombencephalic + in MA, brainstem and hindbrain and part-of siblings under brain, consistent with FMA and NIF. See also notes for cerebellum. We weaken the relation in ABA to overlaps + AAO:0010150 + BAMS:HB + BIRNLEX:942 + BTO:0000672 + CALOHA:TS-0457 + DHBA:10653 + DMBA:16808 + EFO:0000923 + EHDAA2:0000746 + EHDAA:3514 + EHDAA:6487 + EMAPA:16916 + FMA:67687 + MA:0000195 + MAT:0000107 + MBA:1065 + MESH:D012249 + MIAA:0000107 + NCIT:C40336 + SCTID:303456008 + TAO:0000029 + UMLS:C0035507 + UMLS:C1522180 + VHOG:0000070 + Wikipedia:Rhombencephalon + XAO:0000015 + ZFA:0000029 + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=540 + uberon + rhombencephalon + UBERON:0002028 + + + + + + hindbrain + hindbrain + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/54/EmbryonicBrain.svg + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:00:32.978420 + + + + + The most posterior of the three principal regions of the brain. In mammals and birds the hindbrain is divided into a rostral metencephalon and a caudal myelencephalon. In zebrafish, with the exception of the cerebellum, the ventral remainder of the metencephalon can be separated only arbitrarily from the more caudal myelencephalic portion of the medulla oblongata (From: Neuroanatomy of the Zebrafish Brain)[ZFA]. Organ component of neuraxis that has as its parts the pons, cerebellum and medulla oblongata[FMA]. + Wikipedia:Rhombencephalon + ZFA:0000029 + ZFIN:curator + + + + + + ZFA + ABA + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/378 + pending + + + + + + ABA + + + + + + PMID:8932866 + + + + + Posterior part of the brain consisting of the cerebellum and medulla oblongata.[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0010150 + AAO + AAO:BJB + + + + + The most posterior of the three principal regions of the brain, forming the rhombencephalon and all or most of the metencephalon. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0000029 + TAO + ZFIN:curator + + + + + relationship loss: develops_from hindbrain neural tube (TAO:0007043)[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0000029 + TAO + + + + + Fine structural, computerized three-dimensional (3D) mapping of cell connectivity in the amphioxus nervous system and comparative molecular genetic studies of amphioxus and tunicates have provided recent insights into the phylogenetic origin of the vertebrate nervous system. The results suggest that several of the genetic mechanisms for establishing and patterning the vertebrate nervous system already operated in the ancestral chordate and that the nerve cord of the proximate invertebrate ancestor of the vertebrates included a diencephalon, midbrain, hindbrain, and spinal cord.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000070 + VHOG + DOI:10.1016/S0959-4388(99)00003-3 Holland LZ and Holland ND, Chordate origins of the vertebrate central nervous system. Current Opinion in Neurobiology (1999) + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + in MA, brainstem and hindbrain and part-of siblings under brain, consistent with FMA and NIF. See also notes for cerebellum. We weaken the relation in ABA to overlaps + MA + + + + + UMLS:C0035507 + BIRNLEX:942 + + + + + UMLS:C0035507 + ncithesaurus:Hind-Brain + + + + + UMLS:C1522180 + BIRNLEX:942 + + + + + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=540 + BIRNLEX:942 + + + + + + + + Part of the metencephalon that lies in the posterior cranial fossa behind the brain stem. It is concerned with the coordination of movement[MESH]. A large dorsally projecting part of the brain concerned especially with the coordination of muscles and the maintenance of bodily equilibrium, situated between the brain stem and the back of the cerebrum , and formed in humans of two lateral lobes and a median lobe[BTO]. Brain structure derived from the anterior hindbrain, and perhaps including posterior midbrain. The cerebellum plays a role in somatic motor function, the control of muscle tone, and balance[ZFA]. + + + + + + Dorsal part of the hindbrain that coordinates muscle movement, posture, and balance.[AAO] + Specialized brain region derived from the dorsal metencephalon (anterior hindbrain, and perhaps including posterior midbrain) and becoming distinctive late in the segmentation period. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] + However, although the lamprey possesses a region comparable to the cerebellum and display expression of LjFgf8/17 at the MHB (midbrain hindbrain boundary), it does not have Purkinje cells and cerebellar nuclei, as well as components of the rhombic lip-derived cerebellar and pre-cerebellar systems. It is noteworthy that the latter structures require specific expression of Pax6 in the rhombic lip of the gnathostome hindbrain. Interestingly, the lamprey rhombic lip does not express Pax6. Thus, it is tempting to speculate that in vertebrate evolution the rostral hindbrain is incapable of differentiating into the cerebellum before the co-option of Pax6 in that region. In other words, cerebellum has been brought about as an evolutionary innovation in gnathostomes, based on exaptation of MHB, rhombic lip, and some regulatory gene expression already present in the vertebrate common ancestor.[well established][VHOG] + cerebellar + The absence of a cerebellum in hagfishes and lampreys appears to be the only exception [to the rule that vertebrates possess the same number of brain divisions]. Both hagfishes and lampreys do possess a thin band of cells located medial to the lateral line centers of the medulla (Ronan and Northcutt, 1998), which has been interpreted as a primitive cerebellum (Larsell, 1967), but more recent experimental studies (Kishida et al., 1987; Weigle and Northcutt, 1998) fail to support Larsell's claim[http://icb.oxfordjournals.org/content/42/4/743.full] + almost all AOs agree that the cerebellum is part of the hindbrain (sometimes specifically part of the metencephalon, which, when present, is part of the hindbrain). However, ABA has cerebellum and brain stem as partof siblings, with the hindbrain part of the brainstem + infratentorial region + AAO:0010485 + BAMS:CB + BAMS:Cb + BIRNLEX:1489 + BM:CB + BTO:0000232 + CALOHA:TS-0125 + DHBA:10656 + EFO:0000327 + EHDAA2:0000232 + EMAPA:17787 + EV:0100293 + FMA:67944 + GAID:595 + HBA:4696 + MA:0000198 + MAT:0000110 + MBA:512 + MESH:D002531 + MIAA:0000110 + NCIT:C12445 + OpenCyc:Mx4rvl1eipwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA + SCTID:180924008 + TAO:0000100 + UMLS:C0007765 + UMLS:C1268981 + VHOG:0000024 + Wikipedia:Cerebellum + XAO:0003098 + ZFA:0000100 + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=643 + epencephalon-1 + uberon + corpus cerebelli + parencephalon + UBERON:0002037 + + + + + + cerebellum + cerebellum + Cerebellum:NIH.png + + + + + Part of the metencephalon that lies in the posterior cranial fossa behind the brain stem. It is concerned with the coordination of movement[MESH]. A large dorsally projecting part of the brain concerned especially with the coordination of muscles and the maintenance of bodily equilibrium, situated between the brain stem and the back of the cerebrum , and formed in humans of two lateral lobes and a median lobe[BTO]. Brain structure derived from the anterior hindbrain, and perhaps including posterior midbrain. The cerebellum plays a role in somatic motor function, the control of muscle tone, and balance[ZFA]. + BTO:0000232 + ISBN:3764351209 + MESH:A08.186.211.132.810.428.200 + ZFA:0000100 + https://sourceforge.net/tracker/index.php?func=detail&aid=3291162&group_id=76834&atid=1205376 + + + + + + ISBN:0471888893 + + + + + + ABA + + + + + + ZFA + ABA + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/378 + pending + + + + + + http://icb.oxfordjournals.org/content/42/4/743.full + + + + + + ISBN:0471888893 + + + + + Dorsal part of the hindbrain that coordinates muscle movement, posture, and balance.[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0010485 + AAO + AAO:BJB + + + + + Specialized brain region derived from the dorsal metencephalon (anterior hindbrain, and perhaps including posterior midbrain) and becoming distinctive late in the segmentation period. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0000100 + TAO + ZFIN:curator + + + + + However, although the lamprey possesses a region comparable to the cerebellum and display expression of LjFgf8/17 at the MHB (midbrain hindbrain boundary), it does not have Purkinje cells and cerebellar nuclei, as well as components of the rhombic lip-derived cerebellar and pre-cerebellar systems. It is noteworthy that the latter structures require specific expression of Pax6 in the rhombic lip of the gnathostome hindbrain. Interestingly, the lamprey rhombic lip does not express Pax6. Thus, it is tempting to speculate that in vertebrate evolution the rostral hindbrain is incapable of differentiating into the cerebellum before the co-option of Pax6 in that region. In other words, cerebellum has been brought about as an evolutionary innovation in gnathostomes, based on exaptation of MHB, rhombic lip, and some regulatory gene expression already present in the vertebrate common ancestor.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000024 + VHOG + DOI:10.1016/j.ydbio.2005.02.008 Murakami Y, Uchida K, Rijli FM and Kuratani S, Evolution of the brain developmental plan: Insights from agnathans. Developmental Biology (2005) + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + almost all AOs agree that the cerebellum is part of the hindbrain (sometimes specifically part of the metencephalon, which, when present, is part of the hindbrain). However, ABA has cerebellum and brain stem as partof siblings, with the hindbrain part of the brainstem + ABA + + + + + infratentorial region + Wikipedia:Tentorium_cerebelli + + + + + UMLS:C0007765 + BIRNLEX:1489 + + + + + UMLS:C0007765 + ncithesaurus:Cerebellum + + + + + UMLS:C1268981 + BIRNLEX:1489 + + + + + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=643 + BIRNLEX:1489 + + + + + epencephalon-1 + FMA:67944 + + + + + corpus cerebelli + NeuroNames:643 + + + + + + parencephalon + NeuroNames:643 + + + + + + + + + Predominantly gray matter midbrain structure lying dorsal to the crus cerebri and ventral to the midbrain tegmentum. It is divided into a dorsal, cellularly compact region known as the pars compacta and a more ventrally located, containing more loosely packed cells, the pars reticulata. The most lateral region of the reticulata is identified as the pars lateralis (MM). + TODO - In BTO and NIF, part of basal ganglion which is part of telencephalon - but this is inconsistent with being part of midbrain, if these are spatially disjoint, as in ABA + Subdivision of the midbrain anterior to the midbrain tegmentum which contains darkly pigmented neurons[FMA][FMA:67947]. + (...) the substantia nigra first appears in reptiles and is best developed in primates.[well established][VHOG] + SN + BAMS:SN + BIRNLEX:789 + BTO:0000143 + CALOHA:TS-0990 + DHBA:12251 + EFO:0000922 + EHDAA2:0004711 + EMAPA:35835 + EV:0100247 + FMA:67947 + GAID:581 + HBA:9072 + MA:0000210 + MAT:0000504 + MESH:A08.186.211.132.659.687 + NCIT:C12453 + SCTID:279286002 + UMLS:C0038590 + UMLS:C1269578 + VHOG:0001573 + Wikipedia:Substantia_nigra + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=536 + Soemmering's substance + nucleus of basis pedunculi + uberon + nucleus pigmentosus subthalamo-peduncularis + substancia nigra + substantia nigra (Soemmerringi) + UBERON:0002038 + + + + + substantia nigra + substantia nigra + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5f/Midbraincrosssection.png + + + + + Predominantly gray matter midbrain structure lying dorsal to the crus cerebri and ventral to the midbrain tegmentum. It is divided into a dorsal, cellularly compact region known as the pars compacta and a more ventrally located, containing more loosely packed cells, the pars reticulata. The most lateral region of the reticulata is identified as the pars lateralis (MM). + BIRNLEX:789 + + + + + Subdivision of the midbrain anterior to the midbrain tegmentum which contains darkly pigmented neurons[FMA][FMA:67947]. + FMA:67947 + + + + + (...) the substantia nigra first appears in reptiles and is best developed in primates.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0001573 + VHOG + ISBN:978-0471090588 Hildebrand M, Analysis of vertebrate structure (1983) p.336 + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + SN + BIRNLEX:789 + NIFSTD:NeuroNames_abbrevSource + + + + + + UMLS:C0038590 + BIRNLEX:789 + + + + + UMLS:C0038590 + ncithesaurus:Substantia_Nigra + + + + + UMLS:C1269578 + BIRNLEX:789 + + + + + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=536 + BIRNLEX:789 + + + + + nucleus pigmentosus subthalamo-peduncularis + NeuroNames:536 + + + + + + substancia nigra + Wikipedia:Substantia_nigra + + + + + substantia nigra (Soemmerringi) + NeuroNames:536 + + + + + + + + + A systemic artery that supplies the lung with with oxygenated blood. + EMAPA:18608 + FMA:68109 + GAID:477 + MA:0001923 + MESH:D001981 + NCIT:C32230 + OpenCyc:Mx4r4sy0UiNbEd2AAAACs6hRXg + SCTID:244247009 + UMLS:C0006257 + Wikipedia:Bronchial_artery + bronchial arterial tree + uberon + arteriae bronchiales + rami bronchiales partis thoracicae aortae + UBERON:0002040 + + Although there is much variation, there are usually two bronchial arteries that run to the left lung, and one to the right lung. + + bronchial artery + bronchial artery + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a7/Gray1032.png + + + + + A systemic artery that supplies the lung with with oxygenated blood. + UBERON:cjm + Wikipedia:Bronchial_artery + + + + + UMLS:C0006257 + ncithesaurus:Bronchial_Artery + + + + + arteriae bronchiales + Wikipedia:Bronchial_artery + + + + + + rami bronchiales partis thoracicae aortae + Wikipedia:Bronchial_artery + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An endothelium that is part of a lymphatic vessel [Automatically generated definition]. + The vascular endothelium that lines the lymph vessels.[TAO] + BTO:0004303 + CALOHA:TS-2156 + EMAPA:35533 + FMA:68444 + MA:0000750 + MESH:D004729 + NCIT:C49258 + TAO:0005258 + UMLS:C1180786 + ZFA:0005258 + endothelium of lymph vessel + endothelium of lymphatic vessel + lymph vessel endothelium + lymphatic endothelium + lymphatic vessel endothelium + uberon + UBERON:0002042 + + + + lymphatic vessel endothelium + lymphatic vessel endothelium + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:04:57.972326 + + + + + An endothelium that is part of a lymphatic vessel [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + The vascular endothelium that lines the lymph vessels.[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0005258 + TAO + ZFIN:curator + + + + + UMLS:C1180786 + ncithesaurus:Lymphatic_Vessel_Endothelium + + + + + endothelium of lymph vessel + OBOL:automatic + + + + + endothelium of lymphatic vessel + FMA:68444 + + + + + lymph vessel endothelium + OBOL:automatic + + + + + lymphatic endothelium + BTO:0004303 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Respiration organ that develops as an outpocketing of the esophagus. + + + Either of two organs which allow gas exchange absorbing oxygen from inhaled air and releasing carbon dioxide with exhaled air.[AAO] + Lungs had already developed as paired ventral pockets from the intestine in the ancestor of Osteognathostomata. (...) In actinopterygian fishes, apart from Cladistia, the ventral intestinal pocket migrates dorsally and becomes the swim-bladder, a mainly hydrostatical organ (reference 1); Comparative transcriptome analyses indicate molecular homology of zebrafish swimbladder and Mammalian lung (reference 2).[well established][VHOG] + pulmonary + respiration organ in all air-breathing animals, including most tetrapods, a few fish and a few snails. In mammals and the more complex life forms, the two lungs are located in the chest on either side of the heart. Their principal function is to transport oxygen from the atmosphere into the bloodstream, and to release carbon dioxide from the bloodstream into the atmosphere. This exchange of gases is accomplished in the mosaic of specialized cells that form millions of tiny, exceptionally thin-walled air sacs called alveoli. // Avian lungs do not have alveoli as mammalian lungs do, they have Faveolar lungs. They contain millions of tiny passages known as para-bronchi, connected at both ends by the dorsobronchi + AAO:0000275 + AAO:0010567 + BTO:0000763 + CALOHA:TS-0568 + EFO:0000934 + EHDAA2:0001042 + EHDAA:1554 + EHDAA:2205 + EMAPA:16728 + EV:0100042 + FMA:7195 + GAID:345 + MA:0000415 + MAT:0000135 + MESH:D008168 + MIAA:0000135 + NCIT:C12468 + OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjKy5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA + SCTID:181216001 + UMLS:C0024109 + VHOG:0000310 + Wikipedia:Lung + XAO:0000119 + galen:Lung + pulmo + uberon + UBERON:0002048 + + + + + + Snakes and limbless lizards typically possess only the right lung as a major respiratory organ; the left lung is greatly reduced, or even absent. Amphisbaenians, however, have the opposite arrangement, with a major left lung, and a reduced or absent right lung [WP] + + lung + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/701 + Lung + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:09:29.477199 + + + + + Respiration organ that develops as an outpocketing of the esophagus. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + + BGEE:fb + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/701 + + + + + + BGEE:fb + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/701 + + + + + Either of two organs which allow gas exchange absorbing oxygen from inhaled air and releasing carbon dioxide with exhaled air.[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0010567 + AAO + AAO:SBH + + + + + Lungs had already developed as paired ventral pockets from the intestine in the ancestor of Osteognathostomata. (...) In actinopterygian fishes, apart from Cladistia, the ventral intestinal pocket migrates dorsally and becomes the swim-bladder, a mainly hydrostatical organ (reference 1); Comparative transcriptome analyses indicate molecular homology of zebrafish swimbladder and Mammalian lung (reference 2).[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000310 + VHOG + ISBN:978-0198566694 Schmidt-Rhaesa A, The evolution of organ systems (2007) p.210, DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0024019 Zheng W, Wang Z, Collins JE, Andrews RM, Stemple D, Gong Z, Comparative transcriptome analyses indicate molecular homology of zebrafish swimbladder and Mammalian lung. PLoS One (2011) + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + UMLS:C0024109 + ncithesaurus:Lung + + + + + pulmo + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An interconnected tubular multi-tissue structure contains fluid that is actively transported around the organism[ZFA]. Examples: vasculature of lung, vasculature of face. + see also: vascular system. Consider merging? + vascular + BTO:0003718 + FMA:69050 + TAO:0005249 + ZFA:0005249 + vascular network + uberon + UBERON:0002049 + + + + + vasculature + vasculature + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/29/Circulatory_System_en.svg + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:04:00.126794 + + + + + An interconnected tubular multi-tissue structure contains fluid that is actively transported around the organism[ZFA]. Examples: vasculature of lung, vasculature of face. + ZFA:0005249 + + + + + vascular network + FMA:69050 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Each renal artery gives off some small inferior suprarenal branches to the suprarenal gland, the ureter, and the surrounding cellular tissue and muscles. [WP,unvetted]. + EMAPA:37088 + FMA:69264 + MA:0002056 + NCIT:C52737 + SCTID:303426004 + UMLS:C0226334 + Wikipedia:Inferior_suprarenal_artery + uberon + arteria suprarenalis inferior + UBERON:0002056 + + + inferior suprarenal artery + inferior suprarenal artery + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/61/Gray1121.png + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:28.519807 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.168266 + + + + + Each renal artery gives off some small inferior suprarenal branches to the suprarenal gland, the ureter, and the surrounding cellular tissue and muscles. [WP,unvetted]. + Wikipedia:Inferior_suprarenal_artery + + + + + EMAPA:37088 + MA:th + + + + + UMLS:C0226334 + ncithesaurus:Inferior_Suprarenal_Artery + + + + + arteria suprarenalis inferior + Wikipedia:Inferior_suprarenal_artery + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The dermis is a layer of skin between the epidermis (with which it makes up the skin) and subcutaneous tissues, and is composed of two layers, the papillary and reticular dermis[WP]. + Consider adding a layer-of-skin grouping class for all skin layers + A collagenous layer of the skin subjacent to the epidermis and covering the hypodermis. It contains various types of cells (e.g. fibroblasts, pigment cells, nerve, blood vessels and scales. Le Guellec et al, 2004.[TAO] + When approaching controversies surrounding skin evolution, we need to remember that the skin consists of two layers, an epidermis and a dermis, not a single evolving structure. (...) It is little wonder that controversies about homology exist. If we think of the epidermis, the dermis, and their interactions as an evolving unit, then their specialized products (hair, feathers, and reptilian scales) are broadly homologous.[well established][VHOG] + dermal + AAO:0000128 + BTO:0000294 + CALOHA:TS-2076 + EFO:0000953 + EMAPA:17527 + EV:0100154 + FMA:70323 + GAID:1321 + MA:0000152 + MAT:0000153 + MESH:D020405 + MIAA:0000153 + NCIT:C12701 + SCTID:361696001 + TAO:0001119 + UMLS:C0011646 + VHOG:0000108 + Wikipedia:Dermis + XAO:0000217 + ZFA:0001119 + vertebrate dermis + uberon + corium + cutis + UBERON:0002067 + + + + + + dermis + dermis + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/23/EpidermisPainted.svg + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:15:22.380619 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:15:32.208928 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:15:32.208950 + + + + + The dermis is a layer of skin between the epidermis (with which it makes up the skin) and subcutaneous tissues, and is composed of two layers, the papillary and reticular dermis[WP]. + Wikipedia:Dermis + ZFIN:curator + + + + + A collagenous layer of the skin subjacent to the epidermis and covering the hypodermis. It contains various types of cells (e.g. fibroblasts, pigment cells, nerve, blood vessels and scales. Le Guellec et al, 2004.[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0001119 + TAO + ZFIN:curator + + + + + When approaching controversies surrounding skin evolution, we need to remember that the skin consists of two layers, an epidermis and a dermis, not a single evolving structure. (...) It is little wonder that controversies about homology exist. If we think of the epidermis, the dermis, and their interactions as an evolving unit, then their specialized products (hair, feathers, and reptilian scales) are broadly homologous.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000108 + VHOG + ISBN:978-0072528305 Kardong KV, Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy, Function, Evolution (2006) p.231-232 see also p.209 and p.228 and Figure 6-1 + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + UMLS:C0011646 + ncithesaurus:Dermis + + + + + corium + BTO:0000294 + + + + + corium + Wikipedia:Dermis + + + + + + cutis + BTO:0000294 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The layer of flattened cells containing basophilic granules of keratohyalin and lying just above the stratum spinosum (spiny layer) of the epidermis. + BTO:0000361 + EMAPA:32786 + FMA:70344 + MA:0000805 + NCIT:C33627 + SCTID:418563001 + UMLS:C0221923 + Wikipedia:Stratum_granulosum + epidermis stratum granulosum + granular layer of epidermis + stratum granulosum + uberon + epidermis granular layer + UBERON:0002069 + + + stratum granulosum of epidermis + stratum granulosum of epidermis + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:15:22.380640 + + + + + The layer of flattened cells containing basophilic granules of keratohyalin and lying just above the stratum spinosum (spiny layer) of the epidermis. + ISBN:0-683-40008-8 + MP:0001239 + + + + + UMLS:C0221923 + ncithesaurus:Stratum_Granulosum + + + + + granular layer of epidermis + FMA:70344 + + + + + stratum granulosum + BTO:0000361 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The superior pancreaticoduodenal artery is an artery that supplies blood to the duodenum and pancreas. It is a branch of the gastroduodenal artery, which comes from the common hepatic artery of the celiac trunk. The common hepatic itself becomes the proper hepatic after giving off the gastroduodenal artery and goes on to supply the right and left lobes of the liver. The term superior distinguishes the superior pancreaticoduodenal artery from the inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery, which a branch of the superior mesenteric artery. These arteries, together with the pancreatic branches of the splenic artery, form connections or anastomoses with one another, allowing blood to perfuse the pancreas and duodenum through multiple channels. The artery splits into two branches: the anterior superior pancreaticoduodenal artery supplies the anterior margins of the duodenum and pancreas the posterior superior pancreaticoduodenal artery supplies the posterior margins of these organs [WP,unvetted]. + EMAPA:37121 + FMA:70437 + MA:0002015 + NCIT:C52742 + SCTID:244272009 + UMLS:C0226317 + Wikipedia:Superior_pancreaticoduodenal_artery + superior pancreatico-duodenal artery + superior pancreatoduodenal artery + uberon + arteria pancreaticoduodenalis superior + UBERON:0002070 + + + superior pancreaticoduodenal artery + superior pancreaticoduodenal artery + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3b/Gray533.png + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:28.519664 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.166739 + + + + + The superior pancreaticoduodenal artery is an artery that supplies blood to the duodenum and pancreas. It is a branch of the gastroduodenal artery, which comes from the common hepatic artery of the celiac trunk. The common hepatic itself becomes the proper hepatic after giving off the gastroduodenal artery and goes on to supply the right and left lobes of the liver. The term superior distinguishes the superior pancreaticoduodenal artery from the inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery, which a branch of the superior mesenteric artery. These arteries, together with the pancreatic branches of the splenic artery, form connections or anastomoses with one another, allowing blood to perfuse the pancreas and duodenum through multiple channels. The artery splits into two branches: the anterior superior pancreaticoduodenal artery supplies the anterior margins of the duodenum and pancreas the posterior superior pancreaticoduodenal artery supplies the posterior margins of these organs [WP,unvetted]. + Wikipedia:Superior_pancreaticoduodenal_artery + + + + + EMAPA:37121 + MA:th + + + + + UMLS:C0226317 + ncithesaurus:Superior_Pancreatico-Duodenal_Artery + + + + + superior pancreatoduodenal artery + http://www.anatomyatlases.org/AnatomicVariants/MuscularSystem/Terminology.shtml + + + + + arteria pancreaticoduodenalis superior + Wikipedia:Superior_pancreaticoduodenal_artery + + + + + + + + + Lowermost layer of the integumentary system in vertebrates. Types of cells that are found in the hypodermis are fibroblasts, adipose cells, and macrophages. It is derived from the mesoderm, but unlike the dermis, it is not derived from the dermatome region of the mesoderm. The hypodermis is used mainly for fat storage[WP]. + A layer separating the inner face of the dermis from the subjacent muscle cells. It is covered on both sides by a basement membrane. It contains pigment cells. Le Guellec et al, 2004.[TAO] + A layer separating the inner face of the dermis from the subjacent muscle cells. It is covered on both sides by a basement membrane. It contains pigment cells[FMA:70544]. + hypodermal + subcutaneous + subcutaneus + BTO has 'subcutis', as part of dermis. We follow FMA in having distinct classes for hypodermis and superficial fascia, and including these as part of the non-skin intgeument. + BTO:0001314 + CALOHA:TS-2366 + EMAPA:37505 + FMA:70544 + NCIT:C33645 + TAO:0001136 + UMLS:C0278403 + Wikipedia:Hypodermis + ZFA:0001136 + hypoderm + vertebrate hypodermis + uberon + sub-tegumental tissue + subcutaneous tissue + subcutis + subtegumental tissue + superficial fascia + tela subcutanea + UBERON:0002072 + + + + + hypodermis + hypodermis + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6d/Skin.svg + + + + + Lowermost layer of the integumentary system in vertebrates. Types of cells that are found in the hypodermis are fibroblasts, adipose cells, and macrophages. It is derived from the mesoderm, but unlike the dermis, it is not derived from the dermatome region of the mesoderm. The hypodermis is used mainly for fat storage[WP]. + Wikipedia:Hypodermis + + + + + A layer separating the inner face of the dermis from the subjacent muscle cells. It is covered on both sides by a basement membrane. It contains pigment cells. Le Guellec et al, 2004.[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0001136 + TAO + ZFIN:curator + + + + + A layer separating the inner face of the dermis from the subjacent muscle cells. It is covered on both sides by a basement membrane. It contains pigment cells[FMA:70544]. + FMA:70544 + + + + + BTO has 'subcutis', as part of dermis. We follow FMA in having distinct classes for hypodermis and superficial fascia, and including these as part of the non-skin intgeument. + BTO + + + + + EMAPA:37505 + MA:th + + + + + UMLS:C0278403 + ncithesaurus:Subcutis + + + + + sub-tegumental tissue + BTO:0004525 + + + + + subcutaneous tissue + Wikipedia:Hypodermis + + + + + subtegumental tissue + BTO:0004525 + + + + + superficial fascia + + + + + + tela subcutanea + Wikipedia:Hypodermis + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A tube-like opening in the epidermis where the hair shaft develops and into which the sebaceous glands open[GO]. + The earliest reliable record of hair is found in a fossil of the Paleocene period, in which the structure of hair cuticles is preserved. Its appearance suggests that the complicated structure of the hair follicle, closely similar to that of present-day mammals, had already appeared at this time.[well established][VHOG] + BTO:0000554 + CALOHA:TS-0432 + EFO:0002464 + EMAPA:18771 + EMAPA:29741 + EV:0100156 + FMA:70660 + GAID:934 + MA:0000154 + MESH:D018859 + NCIT:C13317 + OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjOI5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA + SCTID:280830006 + UMLS:C0221971 + VHOG:0001268 + Wikipedia:Hair_follicle + uberon + folliculus pili + UBERON:0002073 + + + + + Development notes:Formation largely takes place during fetal and perinatal skin development. However, after skin wounding de novo hair follicle formation may also occur in adult mouse and rabbit skin[DOI:10.1016/j.cub.2008.12.005]. + + hair follicle + hair follicle + Hair:follicle-en.svg + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:07:27.339050 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:07:12.785419 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:15:25.452546 + + + + + A tube-like opening in the epidermis where the hair shaft develops and into which the sebaceous glands open[GO]. + Wikipedia:Hair_follicle + + + + + The earliest reliable record of hair is found in a fossil of the Paleocene period, in which the structure of hair cuticles is preserved. Its appearance suggests that the complicated structure of the hair follicle, closely similar to that of present-day mammals, had already appeared at this time.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0001268 + VHOG + ISBN:978-4431998051 Morioka K, Hair follicle: differentiation under the electron microscope, An atlas (2005) p.3 + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + UMLS:C0221971 + ncithesaurus:Hair_Follicle + + + + + folliculus pili + Wikipedia:Hair_follicle + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A cardiac atrium that is in the left side of the heart. It receives deoxygenated blood. In mammals, this comes from the superior and inferior vena cava and the coronary sinus, and pumps it into the right ventricle through the tricuspid valve. + Right cardiac chamber which is continuous with the superior vena cava and inferior vena cava.[FMA] + The tetrapod clade develops a complete atrial septum and loses the fifth aortic arch altogether.[well established][VHOG] + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-paired-structures-Design-Pattern + AAO:0010248 + BTO:0001703 + EHDAA2:0000290 + EMAPA:17321 + FMA:7096 + MA:0000075 + NCIT:C12868 + OpenCyc:Mx4runNcs6fqEdudWQACs5b6Bw + OpenCyc:Mx8Ngh4rvgHsHZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycB4rDJ89oqgPEdudWQACs5b6Bw + SCTID:244383003 + UMLS:C0225844 + VHOG:0000328 + Wikipedia:Right_atrium + XAO:0003192 + galen:RightAtrium + cardiac right atrium + heart right atrium + right atrium + right atrium of heart + right cardiac atrium + uberon + atrium dextrum + UBERON:0002078 + + + + right cardiac atrium + right cardiac atrium + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/20/Diagram_of_the_human_heart_%28cropped%29.svg + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:03:49.272996 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:04:00.126788 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:38.907827 + + + + + A cardiac atrium that is in the left side of the heart. It receives deoxygenated blood. In mammals, this comes from the superior and inferior vena cava and the coronary sinus, and pumps it into the right ventricle through the tricuspid valve. + Wikipedia:Right_atrium + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + Right cardiac chamber which is continuous with the superior vena cava and inferior vena cava.[FMA] + FMA:7096 + + + + + The tetrapod clade develops a complete atrial septum and loses the fifth aortic arch altogether.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000328 + VHOG + ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.620 + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + UMLS:C0225844 + ncithesaurus:Right_Atrium + + + + + heart right atrium + MA:0000075 + + + + + right atrium + VHOG:0000328 + + + + + atrium dextrum + Wikipedia:Right_atrium + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A cardiac atrium that is in the left side of the heart. It receives oxygenated blood from the pulmonary veins, In mammals this is pumped into the left ventricle, via the Mitral valve. + Left cardiac chamber which is continuous with the pulmonary venous trunk.[FMA] + The chamber of the heart that receives blood from the lungs[XAO:EJS]. + The tetrapod clade develops a complete atrial septum and loses the fifth aortic arch altogether.[well established][VHOG] + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-paired-structures-Design-Pattern + AAO:0010247 + BTO:0001702 + EHDAA2:0000275 + EMAPA:17315 + FMA:7097 + MA:0000074 + NCIT:C12869 + OpenCyc:Mx4rkJN1AagEEdudWQACs5b6Bw + OpenCyc:Mx8Ngh4rvgIFoJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycB4rDJ89oqgPEdudWQACs5b6Bw + SCTID:244387002 + UMLS:C0225860 + VHOG:0000369 + Wikipedia:Left_atrium + XAO:0003191 + galen:LeftAtrium + atrium sinistrum + cardiac left atrium + heart left atrium + left atrium + left atrium of heart + left cardiac atrium + uberon + UBERON:0002079 + + + + left cardiac atrium + left cardiac atrium + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/20/Diagram_of_the_human_heart_%28cropped%29.svg + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:03:49.273009 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:03:58.287913 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.167747 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:38.907888 + + + + + A cardiac atrium that is in the left side of the heart. It receives oxygenated blood from the pulmonary veins, In mammals this is pumped into the left ventricle, via the Mitral valve. + Wikipedia:Left_atrium + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + Left cardiac chamber which is continuous with the pulmonary venous trunk.[FMA] + FMA:7097 + + + + + The chamber of the heart that receives blood from the lungs[XAO:EJS]. + XAO:EJS + + + + + The tetrapod clade develops a complete atrial septum and loses the fifth aortic arch altogether.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000369 + VHOG + ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.620 + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + UMLS:C0225860 + ncithesaurus:Left_Atrium + + + + + atrium sinistrum + Wikipedia:Left_atrium + + + + + + heart left atrium + MA:0000074 + + + + + left atrium + VHOG:0000369 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A cardiac ventricle that is in the right side of the heart. + The muscular chamber on the right and in front of the left ventricle. It generally receives venous blood from the right atrium and conveys it into the pulmonary artery. [(1988)_Dorian_AF, Amsterdam, Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B._Anatomy, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier's_Encyclopaedic_Dictionary_of_Medicine][VHOG] + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-paired-structures-Design-Pattern + In mammals continuous with the pulmonary arteries + BTO:0001630 + CALOHA:TS-0443 + EHDAA2:0000196 + EMAPA:17340 + FMA:7098 + MA:0000093 + NCIT:C12870 + OpenCyc:Mx4rRMlc0KgNEdudWQACs5b6Bw + OpenCyc:Mx8Ngh4rvgHsHZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycB4rvVjj1pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA + SCTID:244384009 + UMLS:C0225883 + VHOG:0000717 + Wikipedia:Right_ventricle + galen:RightVentricle + cardiac right ventricle + right ventricle + right ventricle of heart + uberon + right cardiac ventricle + ventriculus dexter + UBERON:0002080 + + + + heart right ventricle + heart right ventricle + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/20/Diagram_of_the_human_heart_%28cropped%29.svg + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:03:49.272916 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:03:58.287875 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:04:00.126710 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:38.907901 + + + + + A cardiac ventricle that is in the right side of the heart. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + The muscular chamber on the right and in front of the left ventricle. It generally receives venous blood from the right atrium and conveys it into the pulmonary artery. [(1988)_Dorian_AF, Amsterdam, Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B._Anatomy, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier's_Encyclopaedic_Dictionary_of_Medicine][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000717 + VHOG + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + UMLS:C0225883 + ncithesaurus:Right_Ventricle + + + + + right ventricle + FMA:7098 + + + + + right cardiac ventricle + EMAPA:17340 + + + + + ventriculus dexter + Wikipedia:Right_ventricle + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A cardiac ventricle that is in the left side of the heart. + Thick-walled muscular chamber constituting the left border and apex of the heart. It receives oxygenated blood from the left atrium through the mitral orifice and send it off into the aorta. [Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier][VHOG] + The vertebrate heart initially forms as a tube from a population of precursor cells termed the first heart field (FHF). Cells from the adjacent second heart field (SHF) are then progressively added to the developing heart. In avian and mammalian hearts, the FHF contributes mainly to the left ventricle, whereas the SHF gives rise to the outflow tract and large portions of the right ventricle and atria. Both fields arise from common mesodermal progenitors, although the detailed lineage relationships between FHF and SHF remain uncertain.[well established][VHOG] + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-paired-structures-Design-Pattern + In mammals continuous with aorta + BTO:0001629 + CALOHA:TS-0439 + EHDAA2:0002178 + EMAPA:17337 + FMA:7101 + MA:0000092 + NCIT:C12871 + OpenCyc:Mx4rtW8v46gEEdudWQACs5b6Bw + OpenCyc:Mx8Ngh4rvgIFoJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycB4rvVjj1pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA + SCTID:244385005 + UMLS:C0225897 + VHOG:0000718 + Wikipedia:Left_ventricle + galen:LeftVentricle + cardiac left ventricle + left cardiac ventricle + left ventricle + left ventricle of heart + uberon + ventriculus sinister cordis + UBERON:0002084 + + + + heart left ventricle + heart left ventricle + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/20/Diagram_of_the_human_heart_%28cropped%29.svg + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:03:49.273038 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:03:58.287920 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:38.907894 + + + + + A cardiac ventricle that is in the left side of the heart. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + Thick-walled muscular chamber constituting the left border and apex of the heart. It receives oxygenated blood from the left atrium through the mitral orifice and send it off into the aorta. [Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000718 + VHOG + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + The vertebrate heart initially forms as a tube from a population of precursor cells termed the first heart field (FHF). Cells from the adjacent second heart field (SHF) are then progressively added to the developing heart. In avian and mammalian hearts, the FHF contributes mainly to the left ventricle, whereas the SHF gives rise to the outflow tract and large portions of the right ventricle and atria. Both fields arise from common mesodermal progenitors, although the detailed lineage relationships between FHF and SHF remain uncertain.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000718 + VHOG + DOI:10.1126/science.1190181 Stolfi A, Gainous TB, Young JJ, Mori A, Levine M, Christiaen L, Early chordate origins of the vertebrate second heart field. Science (2010) + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + UMLS:C0225897 + ncithesaurus:Left_Ventricle + + + + + left ventricle + FMA:7101 + + + + + ventriculus sinister cordis + Wikipedia:Left_ventricle + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The lateral thoracic vein is a tributary of the axillary vein. It runs with the lateral thoracic artery and drains the serratus ventralis muscle and the Pectoralis major muscle. Normally, the thoracoepigastric vein exists between this vein and superficial epigastric vein (a tributary of femoral vein), to act as a shunt for blood if the portal system (through the liver) develops hypertension or a blockage. [WP,unvetted]. + EMAPA:37163 + FMA:71210 + MA:0002162 + SCTID:53595001 + Wikipedia:Lateral_thoracic_vein + uberon + vena thoracica lateralis + UBERON:0002088 + + + lateral thoracic vein + lateral thoracic vein + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e9/Gray576.png + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.166589 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:48.278309 + + + + + The lateral thoracic vein is a tributary of the axillary vein. It runs with the lateral thoracic artery and drains the serratus ventralis muscle and the Pectoralis major muscle. Normally, the thoracoepigastric vein exists between this vein and superficial epigastric vein (a tributary of femoral vein), to act as a shunt for blood if the portal system (through the liver) develops hypertension or a blockage. [WP,unvetted]. + Wikipedia:Lateral_thoracic_vein + + + + + EMAPA:37163 + MA:th + + + + + vena thoracica lateralis + Wikipedia:Lateral_thoracic_vein + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Companion vein of the thoracodorsal artery, draining the apical part of the latissimus dorsi and merging with the circumflex scapular vein to form a subscapular vein. + EMAPA:37198 + FMA:71213 + MA:0002238 + uberon + UBERON:0002089 + + thoracodorsal vein + thoracodorsal vein + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.168094 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:48.278312 + + + + + Companion vein of the thoracodorsal artery, draining the apical part of the latissimus dorsi and merging with the circumflex scapular vein to form a subscapular vein. + http://www.medilexicon.com/medicaldictionary.php?t=97559 + + + + + EMAPA:37198 + MA:th + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Cardiac septum which separates the right ventricle from the left ventricle.[FMA]. + The partition separating the right and left ventricles of the heart. [TFD][VHOG] + The two most progressive vertebrate classes, the birds and mammals, have completed the ventricular septum and at long last have completely separated the two blood streams along the length of the major heart chambers. This development has obviously been brought about independently in the two cases, since mammals and birds have evolved independently from primitive reptiles.[well established][VHOG] + involves the recruitment of myocardial cells as well as of non- muscular mesenchymal cells (Kaufman and Bard, 1999) + BTO:0002483 + EFO:0001956 + EHDAA:2603 + EMAPA:17333 + FMA:7133 + MA:0000085 + NCIT:C32874 + OpenCyc:Mx4rwA7lp5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA + SCTID:362019005 + UMLS:C0225870 + VHOG:0000386 + Wikipedia:Interventricular_septum + galen:InterventricularSeptum + heart interventricular septum + heart ventricular septum + uberon + interventricular septum of heart + interventriculare cordis + intraventricular septum + s. interventriculare cordis + septum inferius + septum membranaceum + ventricle septum + ventricular septum + UBERON:0002094 + + + + + interventricular septum + interventricular septum + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/96/Gray498.png + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:03:49.273059 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:03:58.287927 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:04:00.126775 + + + + + Cardiac septum which separates the right ventricle from the left ventricle.[FMA]. + FMA:7133 + + + + + The partition separating the right and left ventricles of the heart. [TFD][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000386 + VHOG + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/interventricular+septum + + + + + The two most progressive vertebrate classes, the birds and mammals, have completed the ventricular septum and at long last have completely separated the two blood streams along the length of the major heart chambers. This development has obviously been brought about independently in the two cases, since mammals and birds have evolved independently from primitive reptiles.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000386 + VHOG + ISBN:978-0721676678 Romer AS, Vertebrate body (1970) p.430 + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + involves the recruitment of myocardial cells as well as of non- muscular mesenchymal cells (Kaufman and Bard, 1999) + ISBN:0124020607 + + + + + UMLS:C0225870 + ncithesaurus:Interventricular_Septum + + + + + heart interventricular septum + MA:0000085 + + + + + heart ventricular septum + MA:0000085 + + + + + interventricular septum of heart + BTO:0002483 + + + + + interventriculare cordis + BTO:0002483 + + + + + intraventricular septum + Wikipedia:Interventricular_septum + + + + + s. interventriculare cordis + Wikipedia:Interventricular_septum + + + + + + septum inferius + Wikipedia:Interventricular_septum + + + + + septum membranaceum + Wikipedia:Interventricular_septum + + + + + ventricular septum + MA:0000085 + Wikipedia:Interventricular_septum + + + + + + + + The organ covering the body that consists of the dermis and epidermis. + consider 'integumentary system' for invertebrates + MA uses the term skin to refer to what is called here: zone of skin + BTO:0001253 + CALOHA:TS-0934 + EFO:0000962 + EHDAA2:0001844 + EMAPA:17525 + FMA:7163 + MESH:D012867 + MFMO:0000099 + NCIT:C12470 + OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjX3ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA + SCTID:181469002 + UMLS:C1123023 + Wikipedia:Skin + XAO:0000023 + galen:Skin + entire skin + skin organ + uberon + entire integument + integument + integumental organ + pelt + skin + UBERON:0002097 + + + + + + skin of body + skin of body + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6d/Skin.svg + + + + + The organ covering the body that consists of the dermis and epidermis. + UBERON:cjm + + + + + MA uses the term skin to refer to what is called here: zone of skin + FMA + + + + + UMLS:C1123023 + ncithesaurus:Skin + + + + + + + + The organ that functions to filter blood and to store red corpuscles and platelets. + An organ involved in red blood cell filtration and immune response.[AAO] + With the advent of clonal selection, the accumulation and segregation of T and B cells in specialized organs for antigen presentation became necessary, and indeed the spleen is found in all jawed vertebrates, but not in agnathans or invertebrates.[well established][VHOG] + lienal + splenic + In humans, it is located in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen. It removes old red blood cells and holds a reserve in case of hemorrhagic shock, especially in animals like horses (not in humans), while recycling iron + Neither hagfish nor lampreys possess what might be considered a discrete and condensed spleen. Hagfish possess dispersed lymphoid tissue within the submucosa of the intestine (96) associated with the portal vein (97), whereas lymphoid tissue is associated with the typhlosole portion of the intestine in lampreys (96) + It synthesizes antibodies in its white pulp and removes, from blood and lymph node circulation, antibody-coated bacteria along with antibody-coated blood cells + AAO:0010395 + BTO:0001281 + CALOHA:TS-0956 + EFO:0000869 + EMAPA:18767 + EV:0100055 + FMA:7196 + GAID:1289 + MA:0000141 + MAT:0000085 + MESH:A15.382.520.604.713 + MIAA:0000085 + NCIT:C12432 + OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjgw5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA + SCTID:181279003 + TAO:0000436 + UMLS:C0037993 + VHOG:0000120 + Wikipedia:Spleen + XAO:0000328 + ZFA:0000436 + galen:Spleen + uberon + lien + UBERON:0002106 + + + + + + + spleen + spleen + Illu:spleen.jpg + + + + + The organ that functions to filter blood and to store red corpuscles and platelets. + ISBN:0-683-40008-8 + MP:0000689 + + + + + An organ involved in red blood cell filtration and immune response.[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0010395 + AAO + AAO:BMZ + + + + + With the advent of clonal selection, the accumulation and segregation of T and B cells in specialized organs for antigen presentation became necessary, and indeed the spleen is found in all jawed vertebrates, but not in agnathans or invertebrates.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000120 + VHOG + ISBN:978-0781765190 Paul WE, Fundamental Immunology (2008) p.94 + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + Neither hagfish nor lampreys possess what might be considered a discrete and condensed spleen. Hagfish possess dispersed lymphoid tissue within the submucosa of the intestine (96) associated with the portal vein (97), whereas lymphoid tissue is associated with the typhlosole portion of the intestine in lampreys (96) + PMID:20959416 + + + + + UMLS:C0037993 + ncithesaurus:Spleen + + + + + lien + Wikipedia:Spleen + + + + + + + + + An exocrine gland which secretes bile and functions in metabolism of protein and carbohydrate and fat, synthesizes substances involved in the clotting of the blood, synthesizes vitamin A, detoxifies poisonous substances, stores glycogen, and breaks down worn-out erythrocytes[GO]. + Organ which secretes bile and participates in formation of certain blood proteins.[AAO] + relationship type change: differentiates_from endoderm (AAO:0000139) CHANGED TO: develops_from endoderm (UBERON:0000925)[AAO] + All vertebrates possess a liver (reference 1); Later in craniate evolution, an anterior gill arch was transformed into jaws, and many new types of feeding subsequently evolved.(...) A liver evolved that, among its many functions, stores considerable energy as glycogen or lipid (reference 2).[well established][VHOG] + hepatic + An organ sometimes referred to as a liver is found associated with the digestive tract of the primitive chordate Amphioxus. However, this is an enzyme secreting gland, not a metabolic organ, and it is unclear how truly homologous it is to the vertebrate liver. The zebrafish liver differs from the mammalian liver in that the hepatocytes are not clearly organized in cords or lobules and the typical portal triads are not apparent. In addition, the zebrafish liver does not have Kuppfer cells. Furthermore, a clear distinction can be made between the male and female liver in the adult zebrafish. The female hepatocytes are very basophilic (Figure 15c) as a result of the production of vitellogenin (Van der Ven et al. 2003). + The liver is found in all vertebrates, and is typically the largest visceral organ. Its form varies considerably in different species, and is largely determined by the shape and arrangement of the surrounding organs. Nonetheless, in most species it is divided into right and left lobes; exceptions to this general rule include snakes, where the shape of the body necessitates a simple cigar-like form. The internal structure of the liver is broadly similar in all vertebrates. + secretes bile and functions in metabolism of protein and carbohydrate and fat, synthesizes substances involved in the clotting of the blood, synthesizes vitamin A, detoxifies poisonous substances, stores glycogen, and breaks down worn-out erythrocytes[GO]. + Only ZFA considers this part_of immune system - we weaken this to an overlaps relation, as in general it's only a subset of cells that have clear immune function. + AAO:0010111 + BTO:0000759 + CALOHA:TS-0564 + EFO:0000887 + EHDAA2:0000997 + EHDAA:2197 + EMAPA:16846 + EV:0100089 + FMA:7197 + GAID:288 + MA:0000358 + MAT:0000097 + MESH:D008099 + MIAA:0000097 + NCIT:C12392 + OpenCyc:Mx4rvVimppwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA + SCTID:181268008 + TAO:0000123 + UMLS:C0023884 + VHOG:0000257 + Wikipedia:Liver + XAO:0000133 + ZFA:0000123 + galen:Liver + uberon + iecur + jecur + UBERON:0002107 + + + + + + + + liver + liver + Leber:Schaf.jpg + + + + + An exocrine gland which secretes bile and functions in metabolism of protein and carbohydrate and fat, synthesizes substances involved in the clotting of the blood, synthesizes vitamin A, detoxifies poisonous substances, stores glycogen, and breaks down worn-out erythrocytes[GO]. + BTO:0000759 + Wikipedia:Liver + + + + + Organ which secretes bile and participates in formation of certain blood proteins.[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0010111 + AAO + AAO:BJB + + + + + relationship type change: differentiates_from endoderm (AAO:0000139) CHANGED TO: develops_from endoderm (UBERON:0000925)[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0010111 + AAO + + + + + All vertebrates possess a liver (reference 1); Later in craniate evolution, an anterior gill arch was transformed into jaws, and many new types of feeding subsequently evolved.(...) A liver evolved that, among its many functions, stores considerable energy as glycogen or lipid (reference 2).[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000257 + VHOG + ISBN:978-0072528305 Kardong KV, Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy, Function, Evolution (2006) p.526, ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.43 + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + Only ZFA considers this part_of immune system - we weaken this to an overlaps relation, as in general it's only a subset of cells that have clear immune function. + ZFA + + + + + UMLS:C0023884 + ncithesaurus:Liver + + + + + iecur + Wikipedia:Liver + + + + + + jecur + Wikipedia:Liver + + + + + + + + + Subdivision of digestive tract that connects the stomach to the large intestine and is where much of the digestion and absorption of food takes place (with the exception of ruminants). The mammalian small intestine is long and coiled and can be differentiated histologically into: duodenum, jejunem, ileum[WP,cjm,Kardong]. + The terminal region of the mid intestine is comprised of specialized enterocytes that appear to play a role in mucosal immunity. Wallace et al, 2005.[TAO] + Intestinal surface area also is increased in amphibians and reptiles by internal folds and occasionally by a few villi. The intestine can be divided into a small intestine and a slightly wider large intestine.[well established][VHOG] + AAO:0010397 + BTO:0000651 + CALOHA:TS-0942 + EFO:0000841 + EMAPA:32834 + EV:0100072 + FMA:7200 + GAID:313 + MA:0000337 + MAT:0000047 + MESH:A03.492.411.620 + MIAA:0000047 + NCIT:C12386 + OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjlIJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA + SCTID:181250005 + TAO:0001323 + UMLS:C0021852 + VHOG:0000055 + Wikipedia:Small_intestine + XAO:0000130 + ZFA:0001323 + galen:SmallIntestine + small bowel + small intestine + uberon + anterior intestine + intestinum tenue + mid intestine + UBERON:0002108 + + + + + + + + small intestine + small intestine + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/82/Stomach_colon_rectum_diagram.svg + + + + + Subdivision of digestive tract that connects the stomach to the large intestine and is where much of the digestion and absorption of food takes place (with the exception of ruminants). The mammalian small intestine is long and coiled and can be differentiated histologically into: duodenum, jejunem, ileum[WP,cjm,Kardong]. + ISBN:0073040584 + Wikipedia:Small_intestine + + + + + The terminal region of the mid intestine is comprised of specialized enterocytes that appear to play a role in mucosal immunity. Wallace et al, 2005.[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0001323 + TAO + ZFIN:curator + + + + + Intestinal surface area also is increased in amphibians and reptiles by internal folds and occasionally by a few villi. The intestine can be divided into a small intestine and a slightly wider large intestine.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000055 + VHOG + ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.566 + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + UMLS:C0021852 + ncithesaurus:Small_Intestine + + + + + intestinum tenue + BTO:0000651 + + + + + intestinum tenue + Wikipedia:Small_intestine + + + + + + + + + A paired organ of the urinary tract which has the production of urine as its primary function. + + One of either of a pair of structures lying on either side of the dorsal aorta in which fluid balance is regulated and waste is excreted out in the form of urine.[AAO] + renal + + AAO:0000250 + BTO:0000671 + CALOHA:TS-0510 + EFO:0000929 + EMAPA:17373 + EV:0100096 + FMA:7203 + GAID:423 + MA:0000368 + MAT:0000119 + MESH:D007668 + MIAA:0000119 + NCIT:C12415 + OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjlYpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA + SCTID:181414000 + UMLS:C0022646 + Wikipedia:Kidney + XAO:0003267 + galen:Kidney + reniculate kidney + uberon + UBERON:0002113 + + + + + + + + kidney + kidney + + + + + A paired organ of the urinary tract which has the production of urine as its primary function. + Wikipedia:Kidney + http://anatomy.uams.edu/anatomyhtml/kidney.html + + + + + One of either of a pair of structures lying on either side of the dorsal aorta in which fluid balance is regulated and waste is excreted out in the form of urine.[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0000250 + AAO + AAO:BJB + + + + + UMLS:C0022646 + ncithesaurus:Kidney + + + + + reniculate kidney + Wikipedia:Reniculate_kidney + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The first part of the small intestine. At the junction of the stomach and the duodenum the alimentary canal is inflected. The duodenum first goes anteriorly for a short distance, turns dorsally, and eventually caudally, thus it is a U-shaped structure with two horizontal sections (a ventral and a dorsal one). + + The fixed portion of the small intestine deeply lodged in the posterior wall of the abdomen and extending from the pylorus to the beginning of the jejunum. [Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier][VHOG] + duodenal + In fish, the divisions of the small intestine are not as clear, and the terms anterior intestine or proximal intestine may be used instead of duodenum. + In humans, the duodenum is a hollow jointed tube about 10-15 inches (25-38 centimetres) long connecting the stomach to the jejunum. It begins with the duodenal bulb and ends at the ligament of Treitz. + AAO:0010402 + BTO:0000365 + CALOHA:TS-0214 + EFO:0000851 + EMAPA:18852 + EV:0100073 + FMA:7206 + GAID:284 + MA:0000338 + MAT:0000044 + MESH:A03.492.411.620.270 + MIAA:0000044 + NCIT:C12263 + OpenCyc:Mx4rv4LJDpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA + SCTID:181247007 + UMLS:C0013303 + VHOG:0000052 + Wikipedia:Duodenum + XAO:0000236 + galen:Duodenum + uberon + proximal intestine + upper intestine + UBERON:0002114 + + + + + + duodenum + duodenum + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b3/Tractus_intestinalis_duodenum.svg + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:16:11.985179 + + + + + The first part of the small intestine. At the junction of the stomach and the duodenum the alimentary canal is inflected. The duodenum first goes anteriorly for a short distance, turns dorsally, and eventually caudally, thus it is a U-shaped structure with two horizontal sections (a ventral and a dorsal one). + ISBN:0815318960 + Wikipedia:Duodenum + + + + + + ZFA:0000348 + + + + + The fixed portion of the small intestine deeply lodged in the posterior wall of the abdomen and extending from the pylorus to the beginning of the jejunum. [Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000052 + VHOG + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + In fish, the divisions of the small intestine are not as clear, and the terms anterior intestine or proximal intestine may be used instead of duodenum. + NCBITaxon:32443 + Wikipedia:Duodenum + + + + + In humans, the duodenum is a hollow jointed tube about 10-15 inches (25-38 centimetres) long connecting the stomach to the jejunum. It begins with the duodenal bulb and ends at the ligament of Treitz. + NCBITaxon:9606 + Wikipedia:Duodenum + + + + + UMLS:C0013303 + ncithesaurus:Duodenum + + + + + proximal intestine + BTO:0000365 + + + + + upper intestine + BTO:0000365 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The portion of the small intestine that extends from the duodenum to the ileum. + TODO consider ZFA:0001323 mid intestine, see also small intestine + The first two fifth of the small intestine beyond the duodenum. It extends from the end of the duodenum to the ileum. [Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier][VHOG] + jejunal + The jejunum is the middle section of the small intestine in most higher vertebrates, including mammals, reptiles, and birds. In fish, the divisions of the small intestine are not as clear and the terms middle intestine or mid-gut may be used instead of jejunum.[Wikipedia:Jejunum] + BTO:0000657 + CALOHA:TS-0496 + EFO:0001333 + EMAPA:18666 + EV:0100074 + FMA:7207 + GAID:318 + MA:0000340 + MAT:0000045 + MESH:A03.492.411.620.625 + MIAA:0000045 + NCIT:C12388 + OpenCyc:Mx4rwATkPJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA + SCTID:181248002 + UMLS:C0022378 + VHOG:0000053 + Wikipedia:Jejunum + galen:Jejunum + uberon + intestinum jejunum + mid-intestine + middle intestine + UBERON:0002115 + + + + + jejunum + jejunum + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3d/Illu_small_intestine.jpg + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:16:11.985147 + + + + + The portion of the small intestine that extends from the duodenum to the ileum. + MGI:monikat + MP:0004002 + + + + + The first two fifth of the small intestine beyond the duodenum. It extends from the end of the duodenum to the ileum. [Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000053 + VHOG + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + UMLS:C0022378 + ncithesaurus:Jejunum + + + + + intestinum jejunum + BTO:0000657 + + + + + mid-intestine + Wikipedia:Jejunum + + + + + middle intestine + BTO:0000657 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The portion of the small intestine that extends from the jejunum to the colon. + TODO consider ZFA:0000706 posterior intestine, see also colon + Although all vertebrates have a digestive tract and accessory glands, various parts of this system are not necessarily homologous, analogous, or even present in all species. Therefore, broad comparisons can be best made under the listings of headgut, foregut, midgut, pancreas and biliary system, hindgut.[uncertain][VHOG] + ileal + The ileum is the final section of the small intestine in most higher vertebrates, including mammals, reptiles, and birds. In fish, the divisions of the small intestine are not as clear and the terms posterior intestine or distal intestine may be used instead of ileum.[Wikipedia:Ileum] + AAO:0010403 + BTO:0000620 + CALOHA:TS-0472 + EFO:0001334 + EMAPA:32764 + EV:0100075 + FMA:7208 + GAID:315 + MA:0000339 + MAT:0000282 + MESH:A03.492.411.620.484 + MIAA:0000282 + NCIT:C12387 + OpenCyc:Mx4rvdcLHZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA + SCTID:181249005 + UMLS:C0020885 + VHOG:0000647 + Wikipedia:Ileum + XAO:0000237 + galen:Ileum + uberon + distal intestine + intestinum ileum + lower intestine + posterior intestine + UBERON:0002116 + + + + + ileum + ileum + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3d/Illu_small_intestine.jpg + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:16:11.985174 + + + + + The portion of the small intestine that extends from the jejunum to the colon. + ISBN:0-683-40008-8 + MGI:csmith + MP:0002581 + + + + + Although all vertebrates have a digestive tract and accessory glands, various parts of this system are not necessarily homologous, analogous, or even present in all species. Therefore, broad comparisons can be best made under the listings of headgut, foregut, midgut, pancreas and biliary system, hindgut.[uncertain][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000647 + VHOG + ISBN:978-0521617147 Stevens CE and Hume ID, Comparative physiology of the vertebrate digestive system (2004) p.11 + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + UMLS:C0020885 + ncithesaurus:Ileum + + + + + distal intestine + BTO:0000620 + + + + + intestinum ileum + BTO:0000620 + + + + + lower intestine + BTO:0000620 + + + + + posterior intestine + Wikipedia:Ileum + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The fibrous connective tissue surrounding the thymus. + EMAPA:19306 + FMA:72204 + MA:0000766 + NCIT:C33770 + SCTID:188181003 + UMLS:C0229945 + thymic capsule + thymus capsule + uberon + UBERON:0002122 + + + capsule of thymus + capsule of thymus + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:17:52.777260 + + + + + The fibrous connective tissue surrounding the thymus. + MP:0002368 + + + + + UMLS:C0229945 + ncithesaurus:Thymic_Capsule + + + + + + + + The outer part of a thymus lobule that surrounds the medulla and is composed of closely packed lymphocytes. + + Histologically, the thymus can be divided into a central medulla and a peripheral cortex which is surrounded by an outer capsule. The cortex and medulla play different roles in the development of T cells. Cells in the thymus can be divided into thymic stromal cells and cells of hematopoietic origin[WP] + BTO:0002934 + EMAPA:35863 + FMA:72205 + MA:0000767 + NCIT:C33774 + SCTID:188262003 + UMLS:C0229948 + Wikipedia:Thymus#Cortex + thymic cortex + thymus cortex + uberon + UBERON:0002123 + + + cortex of thymus + cortex of thymus + + + + + The outer part of a thymus lobule that surrounds the medulla and is composed of closely packed lymphocytes. + ISBN:0-683-40008-8 + MP:0002371 + + + + + + DOI:10.1177/0192623311409597 + + + + + UMLS:C0229948 + ncithesaurus:Thymus_Cortex + + + + + thymic cortex + BTO:0002934 + + + + + thymus cortex + MA:0000767 + + + + + + + + Medullary portion of thymus. The reticulum is coarser than in the cortex, the lymphoid cells are relatively fewer in number, and there are found peculiar nest-like bodies, the concentric corpuscles of Hassall. These concentric corpuscles are composed of a central mass, consisting of one or more granular cells, and of a capsule formed of epithelioid cells. They are the remains of the epithelial tubes, which grow out from the third branchial pouches of the embryo to form the thymus. Each follicle is surrounded by a vascular plexus, from which vessels pass into the interior, and radiate from the periphery toward the center, forming a second zone just within the margin of the medullary portion. In the center of the medullary portion there are very few vessels, and they are of minute size. + + BTO:0004560 + EFO:0001969 + EMAPA:19305 + FMA:72206 + MA:0000771 + NCIT:C33775 + SCTID:188344009 + UMLS:C0229949 + Wikipedia:Thymus#Medulla + medulla of thymus gland + thymus gland medulla + thymus medulla + uberon + UBERON:0002124 + + + + medulla of thymus + medulla of thymus + + + + + Medullary portion of thymus. The reticulum is coarser than in the cortex, the lymphoid cells are relatively fewer in number, and there are found peculiar nest-like bodies, the concentric corpuscles of Hassall. These concentric corpuscles are composed of a central mass, consisting of one or more granular cells, and of a capsule formed of epithelioid cells. They are the remains of the epithelial tubes, which grow out from the third branchial pouches of the embryo to form the thymus. Each follicle is surrounded by a vascular plexus, from which vessels pass into the interior, and radiate from the periphery toward the center, forming a second zone just within the margin of the medullary portion. In the center of the medullary portion there are very few vessels, and they are of minute size. + Wikipedia:Thymus#Medulla + + + + + + DOI:10.1177/0192623311409597 + + + + + UMLS:C0229949 + ncithesaurus:Thymus_Medulla + + + + + medulla of thymus gland + OBOL:automatic + + + + + thymus gland medulla + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A lobule that is part of a thymus. Divided into an outer cortex and inner medulla and separated from each other by connective tissue septa, but with the medullary tissue continuous from lobule to lobule.[ncit,modified]. + in the mouse, the lobes of the thymus are not subdivided into lobules but only in the central medulla and a peripheral cortex (i.e. there is no distinct sublobulation). In humans, the two thymus lobes are composed of many lobules of various sizes which contain follicles, each comprising a medulla and a cortex. in the rat, the thymus is partially subdivided into lobules separated by thin bands of connective tissue which are continuous with the thin connective tissue capsule.[MP] + Lymphocytes, reticular cells and macrophages are found in the lobules + FMA:72215 + MA:0000770 + NCIT:C33772 + SCTID:187882006 + UMLS:C1522462 + lobule of thymus + thymic lobule + thymus lobule + uberon + UBERON:0002125 + + + thymus lobule + thymus lobule + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:17:52.777241 + + + + + A lobule that is part of a thymus. Divided into an outer cortex and inner medulla and separated from each other by connective tissue septa, but with the medullary tissue continuous from lobule to lobule.[ncit,modified]. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + ncithesaurus:Thymic_Lobule + + + + + UMLS:C1522462 + ncithesaurus:Thymic_Lobule + + + + + lobule of thymus + FMA:72215 + + + + + thymus lobule + MA:0000770 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The superficial gray matter of the cerebellum. It consists of three main layers, the molecular layer, the Purkinje cell layer and the granule cell layer. + + The cerebellar cortex is a thin mantle of gray matter that covers the surface of each cerebral hemisphere. It has a characteristic morphology with convolutions (gyri) and crevices (sulci) that have specific functions. Six layers of nerve cells and the nerve pathways that connect them comprise the cerebellar cortex. Together, these regions are responsible for the processes of conscious thought, perception, emotion and memory as well as advanced motor function[GO][GO:0021695]. + BAMS:CB + BAMS:CBX + BAMS:CbCx + BIRNLEX:1566 + BM:CB-Cbx + BTO:0000043 + CALOHA:TS-2000 + DHBA:10657 + DMBA:16939 + EMAPA:35211 + EV:0100294 + FMA:72248 + GAID:596 + HBA:4697 + MA:0000199 + MBA:528 + MESH:D002525 + NCIT:C49216 + SCTID:361593004 + UMLS:C0007759 + UMLS:C1284087 + VHOG:0001597 + Wikipedia:Cerebellar_cortex + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=647 + cortex of cerebellar hemisphere + uberon + cortex cerebellaris + cortex cerebelli + UBERON:0002129 + + + The circuits in the cerebellar cortex look similar across all classes of vertebrates, including fish, reptiles, birds, and mammals (e.g., Fig. 2). This has been taken as evidence that the cerebellum performs functions important to all vertebrate species. (Wikipedia) + + cerebellar cortex + cerebellar cortex + Cerebellum:NIH.png + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:00:32.978148 + + + + + The superficial gray matter of the cerebellum. It consists of three main layers, the molecular layer, the Purkinje cell layer and the granule cell layer. + BIRNLEX:1566 + + + + + + ABA + + + + + The cerebellar cortex is a thin mantle of gray matter that covers the surface of each cerebral hemisphere. It has a characteristic morphology with convolutions (gyri) and crevices (sulci) that have specific functions. Six layers of nerve cells and the nerve pathways that connect them comprise the cerebellar cortex. Together, these regions are responsible for the processes of conscious thought, perception, emotion and memory as well as advanced motor function[GO][GO:0021695]. + GO:0021695 + + + + + UMLS:C0007759 + BIRNLEX:1566 + + + + + UMLS:C0007759 + ncithesaurus:Cerebellar_Cortex + + + + + UMLS:C1284087 + BIRNLEX:1566 + + + + + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=647 + BIRNLEX:1566 + + + + + cortex of cerebellar hemisphere + DMBA:CbHCx + + + + + cortex cerebellaris + BTO:0000043 + + + + + cortex cerebelli + NeuroNames:647 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An atrioventricular valve that is part of the outflow part of the right atrium. + The three-segmented valve of the heart that keeps blood in the right ventricle from flowing back into the right atrium. [TFD][VHOG] + The mature AV (atrioventricular) valve of the adult zebrafish 2-chambered heart is structurally similar to the mammalian AV valves with stratified ECM (extracellular matrix) and supporting chordae tendineae. Therefore, the major cellular and molecular events of valve development are largely conserved among animals with hearts composed of multiple chambers.[well established][VHOG] + FMA part_ofs changed to connects + EHDAA2:0004029 + EHDAA:7427 + EMAPA:17873 + FMA:7234 + GAID:567 + MA:0000090 + MESH:D014261 + NCIT:C12805 + OpenCyc:Mx4rvuWAAJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA + RETIRED_EHDAA2:0002081 + SCTID:181288007 + UMLS:C0040960 + VHOG:0000816 + Wikipedia:Tricuspid_valve + galen:TricuspidValve + right atrioventricular valve + valva atrioventricularis dextra + uberon + valvula tricuspidalis + UBERON:0002134 + + + + tricuspid valve + Tricuspid valve + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/20/Diagram_of_the_human_heart_%28cropped%29.svg + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:03:45.132215 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:03:58.287904 + + + + + An atrioventricular valve that is part of the outflow part of the right atrium. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + The three-segmented valve of the heart that keeps blood in the right ventricle from flowing back into the right atrium. [TFD][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000816 + VHOG + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Tricuspid+valves + + + + + The mature AV (atrioventricular) valve of the adult zebrafish 2-chambered heart is structurally similar to the mammalian AV valves with stratified ECM (extracellular matrix) and supporting chordae tendineae. Therefore, the major cellular and molecular events of valve development are largely conserved among animals with hearts composed of multiple chambers.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000816 + VHOG + DOI:10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.109.201566 Combs MD, Yutzey KE, Heart valve development. Circulatory Research (2009) + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + FMA part_ofs changed to connects + FMA + + + + + UMLS:C0040960 + ncithesaurus:Tricuspid_Valve + + + + + right atrioventricular valve + FMA:7234 + + + + + valva atrioventricularis dextra + FMA:7234 + FMA:TA + + + + + + valvula tricuspidalis + Wikipedia:Tricuspid_valve + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An atrioventricular valve that is part of the outflow part of the left atrium. + A valve of the heart, composed of two triangular flaps, that is located between the left atrium and left ventricle and regulates blood flow between these chambers. [TFD][VHOG] + The mature AV (atrioventricular) valve of the adult zebrafish 2-chambered heart is structurally similar to the mammalian AV valves with stratified ECM (extracellular matrix) and supporting chordae tendineae. Therefore, the major cellular and molecular events of valve development are largely conserved among animals with hearts composed of multiple chambers.[well established][VHOG] + FMA part_ofs changed to connects + EFO:0003933 + EHDAA2:0000168 + EMAPA:17871 + FMA:7235 + GAID:565 + MA:0000088 + MESH:D008943 + NCIT:C12753 + OpenCyc:Mx4rv4l2nJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA + SCTID:181286006 + UMLS:C0026264 + VHOG:0000817 + Wikipedia:Mitral_valve + galen:MitralValve + left atrioventricular valve + valva atrioventricularis sinistra + uberon + bicuspid valve + valva mitralis + UBERON:0002135 + + + + + mitral valve + Mitral valve + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/20/Diagram_of_the_human_heart_%28cropped%29.svg + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:03:45.132222 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:03:58.287915 + + + + + An atrioventricular valve that is part of the outflow part of the left atrium. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + A valve of the heart, composed of two triangular flaps, that is located between the left atrium and left ventricle and regulates blood flow between these chambers. [TFD][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000817 + VHOG + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/mitral+valve + + + + + The mature AV (atrioventricular) valve of the adult zebrafish 2-chambered heart is structurally similar to the mammalian AV valves with stratified ECM (extracellular matrix) and supporting chordae tendineae. Therefore, the major cellular and molecular events of valve development are largely conserved among animals with hearts composed of multiple chambers.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000817 + VHOG + DOI:10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.109.201566 Combs MD, Yutzey KE, Heart valve development. Circulatory Research (2009) + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + FMA part_ofs changed to connects + FMA + + + + + UMLS:C0026264 + ncithesaurus:Mitral_Valve + + + + + valva atrioventricularis sinistra + FMA:7235 + FMA:TA + + + + + + valva mitralis + Wikipedia:Mitral_valve + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Cardiac valve which has as its parts the anterior, right posterior and left posterior cusps, attached to the fibrous ring of aortic valve.[FMA]. + The valve between the left ventricle of the heart and the ascending aorta, consisting of three semilunar cusps. [TFD][VHOG] + BTO:0004628 + EFO:0003879 + EHDAA2:0000134 + EHDAA:4410 + EMAPA:17870 + FMA:7236 + GAID:563 + MA:0000087 + MESH:D001021 + NCIT:C12670 + OpenCyc:Mx4rv5914JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA + SCTID:181287002 + UMLS:C0003501 + VHOG:0000815 + Wikipedia:Aortic_valve + galen:AorticValve + uberon + valva aortae + UBERON:0002137 + + + + Human variation: It is normally tricuspid (with three leaflets), although in 1% of the population it is found to be congenitally bicuspid (two leaflets) + + aortic valve + Aortic valve + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/20/Diagram_of_the_human_heart_%28cropped%29.svg + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:03:45.132135 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:03:58.287907 + + + + + Cardiac valve which has as its parts the anterior, right posterior and left posterior cusps, attached to the fibrous ring of aortic valve.[FMA]. + FMA:FMA + Wikipedia:Aortic_valve + + + + + The valve between the left ventricle of the heart and the ascending aorta, consisting of three semilunar cusps. [TFD][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000815 + VHOG + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/aortic+valve + + + + + UMLS:C0003501 + ncithesaurus:Aortic_Valve + + + + + valva aortae + Wikipedia:Aortic_valve + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The semilunar valve of the heart that lies between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery. + The valve with semilunar cusps at the entrance to the pulmonary trunk from the right ventricle of the heart. [TFD][VHOG] + EHDAA2:0001577 + EHDAA:4412 + EMAPA:17872 + FMA:7246 + GAID:566 + MA:0000089 + MESH:D011664 + NCIT:C12775 + OpenCyc:Mx4rwP6uq5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA + SCTID:181289004 + UMLS:C0034086 + VHOG:0000814 + Wikipedia:Pulmonary_valve + galen:PulmonaryValve + pulmonic valve + uberon + valva trunci pulmonalis + UBERON:0002146 + + + + pulmonary valve + Pulmonary Valve + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/20/Diagram_of_the_human_heart_%28cropped%29.svg + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:03:45.132207 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:03:58.287922 + + + + + The semilunar valve of the heart that lies between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery. + Wikipedia:Pulmonary_valve + + + + + The valve with semilunar cusps at the entrance to the pulmonary trunk from the right ventricle of the heart. [TFD][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000814 + VHOG + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/pulmonary+valve + + + + + UMLS:C0034086 + ncithesaurus:Pulmonary_Valve + + + + + valva trunci pulmonalis + Wikipedia:Pulmonary_valve + + + + + + + + + A composite structure of the brain stem, which in NeuroNames is subdivided into the superior cerebellar peduncle of pons, the decussation of superior cerebellar peduncle and the superior cerebellar peduncle of midbrain (MM). + we follow NIF in dividing this into 3 parts. This allows for consistency with ABA + we make the TAO class disjoint for now as it's not clear if this is the analagous structure + BAMS:5 + BAMS:scp + BIRNLEX:1711 + BM:BC + DHBA:12354 + DMBA:17793 + HBA:9297 + MA:0002746 + MBA:326 + SCTID:279218008 + UMLS:C0152391 + Wikipedia:Superior_cerebellar_peduncle + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1736 + brachium conjunctivum + uberon + crus cerebello-cerebrale + pedunculus cerebellaris cranialis + pedunculus cerebellaris rostralis + pedunculus cerebellaris superior + scp + superior cerebelar peduncles + superior cerebellar peduncle (Galen, Stilling) + superior cerebellar peduncle (brachium conjuctivum) + superior cerebellar peduncle (brachium conjunctivum) + superior peduncle + tractus cerebello-rubralis + tractus cerebello-tegmentalis mesencephali + UBERON:0002150 + + + + superior cerebellar peduncle + superior cerebellar peduncle + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/97/Gray704.png + + + + + A composite structure of the brain stem, which in NeuroNames is subdivided into the superior cerebellar peduncle of pons, the decussation of superior cerebellar peduncle and the superior cerebellar peduncle of midbrain (MM). + BIRNLEX:1711 + + + + + we make the TAO class disjoint for now as it's not clear if this is the analagous structure + TAO + + + + + UMLS:C0152391 + BIRNLEX:1711 + + + + + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1736 + BIRNLEX:1711 + + + + + brachium conjunctivum + BIRNLEX:1711 + + + + + crus cerebello-cerebrale + NeuroNames:1736 + + + + + + pedunculus cerebellaris cranialis + NeuroNames:1736 + + + + + + pedunculus cerebellaris rostralis + NeuroNames:1736 + + + + + + pedunculus cerebellaris superior + Wikipedia:Superior_cerebellar_peduncle + + + + + + scp + MBA:326 + + + + + + superior cerebelar peduncles + MBA:326 + + + + + + superior cerebellar peduncle (Galen, Stilling) + NeuroNames:1736 + + + + + superior cerebellar peduncle (brachium conjuctivum) + BAMS:scp + + + + + superior cerebellar peduncle (brachium conjunctivum) + BAMS:scp + + + + + superior peduncle + Wikipedia:Superior_cerebellar_peduncle + + + + + tractus cerebello-rubralis + NeuroNames:1736 + + + + + + tractus cerebello-tegmentalis mesencephali + NeuroNames:1736 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Nuclei in the basal pons, intermingled among the descending axons from the cortex, that receive neocrotcial input and give rise to many axons that cross the midline to enter the contralateral cerebellum (Butler and Hodos, Comparative Vertebrate Neuroanatomy, 2nd ed., 2005, pg 135). + + + + + + + + + + BAMS:PG + BAMS:Pn + BIRNLEX:1516 + BM:Pons-PGr + BTO:0003396 + DHBA:12406 + EMAPA:35692 + FMA:72512 + HBA:9133 + MA:0001021 + MBA:931 + SCTID:304942009 + UMLS:C0228448 + Wikipedia:Pontine_nuclei + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=617 + pontine gray + pontine nuclear complex + pontine nuclear group + pontine nuclei + pontine nucleus + uberon + nuclei brachii pontis + nuclei pontis + nucleus pontis + pontine gray matter + pontine grey matter + UBERON:0002151 + + + pontine nuclear group + pontine nuclear group + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/dc/Lower_pons_horizontal_KB.svg + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:00:32.978202 + + + + + Nuclei in the basal pons, intermingled among the descending axons from the cortex, that receive neocrotcial input and give rise to many axons that cross the midline to enter the contralateral cerebellum (Butler and Hodos, Comparative Vertebrate Neuroanatomy, 2nd ed., 2005, pg 135). + BIRNLEX:1516 + + + + + + ABA + + + + + + ABA + + + + + + ABA + + + + + + ABA + + + + + + ABA + + + + + + ABA + + + + + + ABA + + + + + + ABA + + + + + + ABA + + + + + UMLS:C0228448 + BIRNLEX:1516 + + + + + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=617 + BIRNLEX:1516 + + + + + pontine gray + BIRNLEX:1516 + + + + + pontine nuclear complex + BIRNLEX:1516 + + + + + pontine nuclear group + FMA:72512 + + + + + nuclei brachii pontis + NeuroNames:617 + + + + + + nuclei pontis + BTO:0003396 + + + + + nuclei pontis + Wikipedia:Pontine_nuclei + + + + + + nucleus pontis + NeuroNames:617 + + + + + + pontine gray matter + BTO:0003396 + + + + + pontine grey matter + BAMS:PG + + + + + + + + + Regional part of medullary white matter (according to Neuronames) primarily found at the level of the pons, consisting of a very large bundle of fibers originating in the pontine nuclei projecting to the cerebellum (MM). + BAMS:BP + BAMS:bp + BAMS:mcp + BIRNLEX:1529 + BM:Pons-BP + DHBA:12768 + FMA:72515 + HBA:9294 + MA:0002745 + MBA:78 + NIFSTD_RETIRED:birnlex_1699 + SCTID:279219000 + UMLS:C0152392 + Wikipedia:Middle_cerebellar_peduncle + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=620 + brachium pontis + uberon + brachium pontis (stem of middle cerebellar peduncle) + crus cerebelli ad pontem + crus ponto-cerebellare + mid-cerebellar peduncle + pedunculus cerebellaris medialis + pedunculus cerebellaris medius + pedunculus cerebellaris pontinus + UBERON:0002152 + + + + middle cerebellar peduncle + middle cerebellar peduncle + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2b/Gray705.png + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:00:28.561247 + + + + + Regional part of medullary white matter (according to Neuronames) primarily found at the level of the pons, consisting of a very large bundle of fibers originating in the pontine nuclei projecting to the cerebellum (MM). + BIRNLEX:1529 + + + + + UMLS:C0152392 + BIRNLEX:1529 + + + + + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=620 + BIRNLEX:1529 + + + + + brachium pontis + BIRNLEX:1529 + + + + + brachium pontis (stem of middle cerebellar peduncle) + BAMS:bp + + + + + crus cerebelli ad pontem + NeuroNames:620 + + + + + + crus ponto-cerebellare + NeuroNames:620 + + + + + + mid-cerebellar peduncle + NeuroNames:620 + + + + + pedunculus cerebellaris medialis + NeuroNames:620 + + + + + + pedunculus cerebellaris medius + Wikipedia:Middle_cerebellar_peduncle + + + + + + pedunculus cerebellaris pontinus + NeuroNames:620 + + + + + + + + + + Regional part of medullary white matter (according to Neuronames) primarily found at the level of the open medulla, consisting of a large bundle of fibers projecting to and projecting from the cerebellum. The icp is continuous with the dorsal spinocerebellar tract and also contains a large number of fibers originating in the inferior olivary complex (MM). + BAMS:icp + BIRNLEX:1691 + BM:RB + DHBA:12741 + DMBA:17772 + FMA:72615 + HBA:9291 + MA:0002744 + MBA:1123 + NIFSTD_RETIRED:birnlex_1645 + SCTID:362418008 + UMLS:C0152393 + Wikipedia:Inferior_cerebellar_peduncle + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=781 + corpus restiforme + restiform body + uberon + crus cerebelli ad medullam oblongatam + crus medullo-cerebellare + inferior cerebellar peduncle (Ridley) + inferior cerebellar peduncle (restiform body) + inferior peduncle + pedunculus cerebellaris caudalis + pedunculus cerebellaris inferior + UBERON:0002163 + + + + inferior cerebellar peduncle + inferior cerebellar peduncle + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fc/Gray677.png + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:00:28.561259 + + + + + Regional part of medullary white matter (according to Neuronames) primarily found at the level of the open medulla, consisting of a large bundle of fibers projecting to and projecting from the cerebellum. The icp is continuous with the dorsal spinocerebellar tract and also contains a large number of fibers originating in the inferior olivary complex (MM). + BIRNLEX:1691 + + + + + UMLS:C0152393 + BIRNLEX:1691 + + + + + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=781 + BIRNLEX:1691 + + + + + corpus restiforme + FMA:72615 + FMA:TA + + + + + + restiform body + BIRNLEX:1691 + + + + + crus cerebelli ad medullam oblongatam + NeuroNames:781 + + + + + + crus medullo-cerebellare + NeuroNames:781 + + + + + + inferior cerebellar peduncle (Ridley) + NeuroNames:781 + + + + + inferior cerebellar peduncle (restiform body) + BAMS:icp + + + + + inferior peduncle + Wikipedia:Inferior_cerebellar_peduncle + + + + + pedunculus cerebellaris caudalis + NeuroNames:781 + + + + + + pedunculus cerebellaris inferior + Wikipedia:Inferior_cerebellar_peduncle + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Lung which consists of the right upper lobe, middle lobe and right lower lobe.[FMA]. + Lungs had already developed as paired ventral pockets from the intestine in the ancestor of Osteognathostomata.[well established][VHOG] + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-paired-structures-Design-Pattern + EHDAA2:0001730 + EHDAA:4969 + EMAPA:17661 + FMA:7309 + MA:0000426 + NCIT:C33483 + OpenCyc:Mx8Ngh4rvgHsHZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycB4rvVjKy5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA + SCTID:361967000 + UMLS:C0225706 + VHOG:0000301 + Wikipedia:Right_lung + uberon + UBERON:0002167 + + + + right lung + Right Lung + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/32/Gray972.png + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:09:29.477274 + + + + + Lung which consists of the right upper lobe, middle lobe and right lower lobe.[FMA]. + FMA:FMA + Wikipedia:Right_lung + + + + + Lungs had already developed as paired ventral pockets from the intestine in the ancestor of Osteognathostomata.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000301 + VHOG + ISBN:978-0198566694 Schmidt-Rhaesa A, The evolution of organ systems (2007) p.210 + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + UMLS:C0225706 + ncithesaurus:Right_Lung + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Lung which consists of the left upper lobe and left lower lobe.[FMA]. + Lungs had already developed as paired ventral pockets from the intestine in the ancestor of Osteognathostomata.[well established][VHOG] + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-paired-structures-Design-Pattern + EHDAA2:0000943 + EHDAA:4947 + EMAPA:17653 + FMA:7310 + MA:0000425 + NCIT:C32967 + OpenCyc:Mx8Ngh4rvgIFoJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycB4rvVjKy5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA + SCTID:361982005 + UMLS:C0225730 + VHOG:0000618 + Wikipedia:Left_lung + uberon + UBERON:0002168 + + + + left lung + Left Lung + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/dd/Gray973.png + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:09:29.477240 + + + + + Lung which consists of the left upper lobe and left lower lobe.[FMA]. + FMA:FMA + Wikipedia:Left_lung + + + + + Lungs had already developed as paired ventral pockets from the intestine in the ancestor of Osteognathostomata.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000618 + VHOG + ISBN:978-0198566694 Schmidt-Rhaesa A, The evolution of organ systems (2007) p.210 + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + UMLS:C0225730 + ncithesaurus:Left_Lung + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The lobe of the right lung that is closest to the head. + EHDAA2:0001747 + EHDAA:4987 + EMAPA:17991 + FMA:7333 + MA:0000429 + NCIT:C33023 + SCTID:361969002 + UMLS:C1261074 + VHOG:0000859 + galen:UpperLobeOfRightLung + lobus superior (pulmo dexter) + lobus superior pulmonis dextri + right cranial lobe of lung + right lung cranial lobe + right upper lobe + right upper lobe of lung + superior lobe of right lung + upper lobe of right lung + uberon + right lung superior lobe + UBERON:0002170 + + + upper lobe of right lung + Upper Lobe of Right Lung + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:09:29.477246 + + + + + The lobe of the right lung that is closest to the head. + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + UMLS:C1261074 + ncithesaurus:Upper_Lobe_of_the_Right_Lung + + + + + lobus superior (pulmo dexter) + FMA:7333 + FMA:TA + + + + + + lobus superior pulmonis dextri + FMA:TA + + + + + + right lung cranial lobe + MA:0000429 + + + + + right upper lobe + FMA:7333 + + + + + right upper lobe of lung + FMA:7333 + + + + + superior lobe of right lung + FMA:7333 + + + + + upper lobe of right lung + galen:UpperLobeOfRightLung + + + + + right lung superior lobe + MA:0000429 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The lobe of the right lung that is furtherst from the head. + EHDAA2:0001740 + EHDAA:4979 + EMAPA:17986 + FMA:7337 + MA:0000428 + NCIT:C33022 + SCTID:361976007 + UMLS:C1261075 + VHOG:0000857 + galen:LowerLobeOfRightLung + inferior lobe of right lung + lobus inferior (pulmo dexter) + lobus inferior pulmonis dextri + lower lobe of right lung + right caudal lobe of lung + right lower lobe + right lower lobe of lung + uberon + right lung caudal lobe + right lung inferior lobe + UBERON:0002171 + + + lower lobe of right lung + Lower Lobe of Right Lung + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:09:29.477235 + + + + + The lobe of the right lung that is furtherst from the head. + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + UMLS:C1261075 + ncithesaurus:Lower_Lobe_of_the_Right_Lung + + + + + inferior lobe of right lung + FMA:7337 + + + + + lobus inferior (pulmo dexter) + FMA:7337 + FMA:TA + + + + + + lobus inferior pulmonis dextri + FMA:7337 + FMA:TA + + + + + + lower lobe of right lung + galen:LowerLobeOfRightLung + + + + + right lower lobe + FMA:7337 + + + + + right lower lobe of lung + FMA:7337 + + + + + right lung caudal lobe + MA:0000428 + + + + + right lung inferior lobe + MA:0000428 + + + + + + + + The respiratory conducting tubes distal to the respiratory bronchiole that lead to the alveolar sacs and the alveoli. + In human anatomy, respiratory bronchioles exists proximal to the alveolar ducts. The epithelial lining consists of smooth muscle knobs covered by nonciliated, simple cuboidal cells. The smooth muscle constricts under parasympathetic innervation and relax under sympathetic innervation + EMAPA:32694 + FMA:7341 + MA:0000417 + NCIT:C32056 + OpenCyc:Mx4rvXmfV5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA + UMLS:C0391892 + Wikipedia:Alveolar_duct + alveolar duct + ductus alveolaris + respiratory alveolar duct + uberon + UBERON:0002173 + + + + pulmonary alveolar duct + pulmonary alveolar duct + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8f/Gray975.png + + + + + The respiratory conducting tubes distal to the respiratory bronchiole that lead to the alveolar sacs and the alveoli. + ISBN:0-683-40008-8 + MGI:cwg + MP:0002271 + + + + + UMLS:C0391892 + ncithesaurus:Alveolar_Duct + + + + + alveolar duct + MA:0000417 + + + + + ductus alveolaris + FMA:7341 + FMA:TA + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + In the human, the right lung is divided into three lobes (as opposed to two lobes on the left), superior, middle, and inferior, by two interlobular fissures: [WP,unvetted]. + middle lobe of lung + right medial lobe + right middle lobe + EMAPA:17997 + FMA:7383 + MA:0000430 + NCIT:C12286 + SCTID:361973004 + UMLS:C0225757 + Wikipedia:Middle_lobe_of_right_lung + galen:MiddleLobeOfRightLung + intermediate lobe of right lung + lobus medius pulmonis dextri + right lung middle lobe + right lung, middle lobe + right medial lobe of lung + right middle lobe of lung + uberon + UBERON:0002174 + + + Called 'middle lobe of lung' in FMA + + middle lobe of right lung + Middle Lobe of Right Lung + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/32/Gray972.png + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:09:29.477222 + + + + + In the human, the right lung is divided into three lobes (as opposed to two lobes on the left), superior, middle, and inferior, by two interlobular fissures: [WP,unvetted]. + Wikipedia:Middle_lobe_of_right_lung + + + + + middle lobe of lung + FMA:7383 + + + + + UMLS:C0225757 + ncithesaurus:Middle_Lobe_of_the_Right_Lung + + + + + lobus medius pulmonis dextri + FMA:7383 + FMA:TA + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The main bronchus on the right side. + Divides into 3 lobar bronchi in humans + EMAPA:37365 + FMA:7395 + MA:0001849 + NCIT:C33486 + OpenCyc:Mx8Ngh4rvgHsHZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycB4rvoIuvJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA + SCTID:361955002 + UMLS:C0225608 + Wikipedia:Right_main_bronchus + right major bronchus + right primary bronchus + right principal bronchus + uberon + bronchus principalis dexter + right bronchus + UBERON:0002177 + + + + right main bronchus + Right Main Bronchus + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9f/Illu_conducting_passages.svg + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c3/Illu_conducting_passages.jpg + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:09:29.477243 + + + + + The main bronchus on the right side. + Wikipedia:Right_main_bronchus + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + Divides into 3 lobar bronchi in humans + ISBN:0123813611 + + + + + EMAPA:37365 + MA:th + + + + + UMLS:C0225608 + ncithesaurus:Right_Main_Bronchus + + + + + right primary bronchus + Wikipedia:Right_main_bronchus + + + + + right principal bronchus + Wikipedia:Right_main_bronchus + + + + + bronchus principalis dexter + Wikipedia:Right_main_bronchus + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The main bronchus on the left side. + Divides into 2 lobar bronchi in humans + EMAPA:37364 + FMA:7396 + MA:0001843 + NCIT:C32968 + SCTID:361959008 + UMLS:C0225630 + Wikipedia:Left_main_bronchus + left major bronchus + left primary bronchus + left principal bronchus + uberon + bronchus principalis sinister + left bronchus + UBERON:0002178 + + + + left main bronchus + Left Main Bronchus + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9f/Illu_conducting_passages.svg + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c3/Illu_conducting_passages.jpg + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:09:29.477278 + + + + + The main bronchus on the left side. + Wikipedia:Left_main_bronchus + + + + + Divides into 2 lobar bronchi in humans + ISBN:0123813611 + + + + + EMAPA:37364 + MA:th + + + + + UMLS:C0225630 + ncithesaurus:Left_Main_Bronchus + + + + + left primary bronchus + Wikipedia:Left_main_bronchus + + + + + left principal bronchus + Wikipedia:Left_main_bronchus + + + + + bronchus principalis sinister + Wikipedia:Left_main_bronchus + + + + + + + + + The tertiary bronchi (also known as the segmental bronchi) arise from the secondary bronchi. The respiratory epithelium lining their lumen is surrounded by a layer of smooth muscle. This layer is composed of two ribbons of smooth muscle that spiral in opposite directions. The smooth muscle layer is surrounded by irregular plates of hyaline cartilage which help maintain the patency of the airway. Each of the tertiary bronchi serves a specific bronchopulmonary segment. There are 10 tertiary bronchi in the right lung, and eight in the left. The tertiary bronchi get smaller and divide into primary bronchioles. [WP,unvetted]. + EHDAA:7043 + EHDAA:7049 + EHDAA:7058 + EHDAA:7064 + EHDAA:7070 + EMAPA:37739 + FMA:7407 + MA:0000439 + NCIT:C33526 + OpenCyc:Mx4rwQGFgZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA + SCTID:245513001 + UMLS:C0444439 + VHOG:0001446 + Wikipedia:Segmental_bronchus + tertiary bronchus + uberon + UBERON:0002184 + + + + segmental bronchus + Right Apical Segmental Bronchus + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/df/Illu_quiz_lung05.jpg + + + + + The tertiary bronchi (also known as the segmental bronchi) arise from the secondary bronchi. The respiratory epithelium lining their lumen is surrounded by a layer of smooth muscle. This layer is composed of two ribbons of smooth muscle that spiral in opposite directions. The smooth muscle layer is surrounded by irregular plates of hyaline cartilage which help maintain the patency of the airway. Each of the tertiary bronchi serves a specific bronchopulmonary segment. There are 10 tertiary bronchi in the right lung, and eight in the left. The tertiary bronchi get smaller and divide into primary bronchioles. [WP,unvetted]. + Wikipedia:Segmental_bronchus + + + + + EMAPA:37739 + MA:th + + + + + UMLS:C0444439 + ncithesaurus:Segmental_Bronchus + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The last conducting structure of non-respiratory bronchioles; after this point, the airways have alveoli in their walls. + BTO:0003223 + EMAPA:36282 + FMA:7411 + MA:0000424 + NCIT:C33754 + OpenCyc:Mx4rwS7IU5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA + SCTID:278981008 + UMLS:C0225666 + Wikipedia:Terminal_bronchiole + bronchiolus terminalis + uberon + bronchioli terminalis + terminal bronchiole tube + UBERON:0002187 + + + + terminal bronchiole + terminal bronchiole + Alveoli:diagram.png + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:09:29.477212 + + + + + The last conducting structure of non-respiratory bronchioles; after this point, the airways have alveoli in their walls. + ISBN:0-397-51047-0 + MGI:cwg + MP:0002268 + + + + + UMLS:C0225666 + ncithesaurus:Terminal_Bronchiole + + + + + bronchiolus terminalis + + + + + + bronchioli terminalis + Wikipedia:Terminal_bronchiole + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A bronchiole that is the first segment of the respiratory zone. + mice have few or none of these structures, with the terminal bronchioles transitioning directly to the alveolary ducts + BTO:0003222 + EMAPA:35729 + FMA:7412 + MA:0000423 + NCIT:C33465 + OpenCyc:Mx4rwS6ki5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA + SCTID:128517006 + UMLS:C1261270 + Wikipedia:Respiratory_bronchiole + bronchiolus respiratorii + bronchiolus respiratorius + uberon + UBERON:0002188 + + + + respiratory bronchiole + respiratory bronchiole + Alveoli:diagram.png + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:09:29.477261 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:09:38.899646 + + + + + A bronchiole that is the first segment of the respiratory zone. + ISBN:0123813611 + Wikipedia:Respiratory_bronchiole + + + + + mice have few or none of these structures, with the terminal bronchioles transitioning directly to the alveolary ducts + ISBN:0123813611 + + + + + UMLS:C1261270 + ncithesaurus:Respiratory_Bronchiole + + + + + bronchiolus respiratorii + Wikipedia:Respiratory_bronchiole + + + + + + bronchiolus respiratorius + FMA:7412 + + + + + + + + + + EMAPA:37485 + FMA:74285 + MA:0001649 + kidney outer cortex + outer renal cortex + uberon + UBERON:0002189 + + outer cortex of kidney + outer cortex of kidney + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:04:44.729333 + + + + + EMAPA:37485 + MA:th + + + + + kidney outer cortex + MA:0001649 + + + + + + + + A portion of adipose tissue that is part of the hypodermis, beneath the dermis. + the superficial portion of the subcutaneous tissue which is specialized for fat storage[MP:0011156] + UBERON:0008875 + panniculus adiposus + BTO:0004042 + EMAPA:35829 + FMA:74315 + MA:0000473 + fatty layer of subcutaneous tissue + hypodermis fat layer + panniculus adiposus (tela subcutanea) + panniculus adiposus telae subcutaneae + subcutaneous fat layer + uberon + fatty layer of superficial fascia + subcutaneous fat + UBERON:0002190 + + + subcutaneous adipose tissue + subcutaneous adipose tissue + + + + + A portion of adipose tissue that is part of the hypodermis, beneath the dermis. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + the superficial portion of the subcutaneous tissue which is specialized for fat storage[MP:0011156] + MP:0011156 + + + + + panniculus adiposus + MP:0011156 + + + + + fatty layer of subcutaneous tissue + FMA:74315 + + + + + hypodermis fat layer + MP:0011156 + + + + + panniculus adiposus (tela subcutanea) + FMA:74315 + FMA:TA + + + + + + panniculus adiposus telae subcutaneae + FMA:74315 + FMA:TA + + + + + + subcutaneous fat layer + MP:0011156 + + + + + fatty layer of superficial fascia + FMA:74315 + + + + + subcutaneous fat + BTO:0004042 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Capsule surrounding lymph node composed of connective tissue with some plain muscle fibers. + from its internal surface are given off a number of membranous processes or trabeculae, consisting, in man, of connective tissue, with a small admixture of plain muscle fibers; but in many of the lower animals composed almost entirely of involuntary muscle[WP] + EMAPA:35524 + FMA:74604 + MA:0000739 + NCIT:C33028 + SCTID:327532004 + UMLS:C0229699 + Wikipedia:Lymph_node_capsule + capsula nodi lymphoidei + lymph node capsule + uberon + UBERON:0002194 + + + capsule of lymph node + capsule of lymph node + Lymphknoten:(Schwein).jpg + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:10:35.184930 + + + + + Capsule surrounding lymph node composed of connective tissue with some plain muscle fibers. + Wikipedia:Lymph_node#Capsule + + + + + UMLS:C0229699 + ncithesaurus:Lymph_Node_Capsule + + + + + capsula nodi lymphoidei + FMA:74604 + FMA:TA + + + + + + + + + Membranous process coming from capsule of lymph node[WP]. + FMA:74605 + MA:0000746 + NCIT:C33035 + UMLS:C1184179 + Wikipedia:Lymph_node_trabeculae + lymph node trabecula + lymph node trabeculum + uberon + UBERON:0002195 + + + trabecula of lymph node + trabecula of lymph node + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b3/Gray598.png + + + + + Membranous process coming from capsule of lymph node[WP]. + Wikipedia:Lymph_node_trabeculae + + + + + UMLS:C1184179 + ncithesaurus:Lymph_Node_Trabecula + + + + + + + + Vasculature that is part of the eye region. + not part of the eye in ZFA. Note this changed to a blood vessel in ZFA + FMA:74743 + SCTID:123846009 + TAO:0007057 + ZFA:0007057 + eye vascular network + ocular blood vessel + ocular vasculature + vascular network of eye + uberon + eye vasculature + optic vasculature + UBERON:0002203 + + + + vasculature of eye + vasculature of eye + + + + + Vasculature that is part of the eye region. + OBOL:automatic + https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&aid=3489658&group_id=76834&atid=994726 + + + + + not part of the eye in ZFA. Note this changed to a blood vessel in ZFA + ZFA + + + + + eye vascular network + OBOL:automatic + + + + + ocular blood vessel + ZFA:0007057 + + + + + vascular network of eye + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An artery found in the forearm, between the radial artery and ulnar artery. It runs with the median nerve and supplies the same structures as that nerve. It may be unilateral or bilater. + EMAPA:37103 + FMA:77142 + MA:0001999 + NCIT:C52970 + UMLS:C0687034 + Wikipedia:Median_artery + uberon + UBERON:0002249 + + median artery + median artery + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.165676 + + + + + An artery found in the forearm, between the radial artery and ulnar artery. It runs with the median nerve and supplies the same structures as that nerve. It may be unilateral or bilater. + Wikipedia:Median_artery + + + + + EMAPA:37103 + MA:th + + + + + UMLS:C0687034 + ncithesaurus:Median_Artery + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The continuation of the femoral artery coursing through the popliteal fossa; it divides into the anterior and posterior tibial arteries. + EMAPA:37109 + FMA:77155 + GAID:504 + MA:0002021 + MESH:D011150 + NCIT:C33337 + OpenCyc:Mx4rvduV6pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA + SCTID:181350008 + UMLS:C0032649 + Wikipedia:Popliteal_artery + uberon + arteria poplitea + UBERON:0002250 + + + popliteal artery + popliteal artery + Popliteal:artery.png + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.165862 + + + + + The continuation of the femoral artery coursing through the popliteal fossa; it divides into the anterior and posterior tibial arteries. + MESH:A07.231.114.681 + + + + + EMAPA:37109 + MA:th + + + + + UMLS:C0032649 + ncithesaurus:Popliteal_Artery + + + + + arteria poplitea + Wikipedia:Popliteal_artery + + + + + + + + + A bulbous anterior projection of the olfactory lobe that is the place of termination of the olfactory nerves and is especially well developed in lower vertebrates (as fishes)[BTO]. + + + Part of the rostral part of the cerebrum where axons of olfactory cells from the nasal mucosa terminate. Projects onto olfactory parts of pallium via olfactory tracts + Part of the telencephalon comprised of anterior outgrowths of either of the cerebral hemispheres in which the olfactory nerve exits.[AAO] + Segment of neural tree organ which is continuous with a set of olfactory nerves and an olfactory tract[FMA:77624]. + The part of the forebrain in which the olfactory nerves end and the olfactory tracts originate. [Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier][VHOG] + The presence of paired evaginated hemispheres and olfactory bulbs in both agnathan and gnathostome radiations suggests that such hemispheres were also present in the common ancestor.[well established][VHOG] + In most vertebrates, the olfactory bulb is the most rostral (forward) part of the brain. In humans, however, the olfactory bulb is on the inferior (bottom) side of the brain. The olfactory bulb is supported and protected by the cribriform plate which in mammals, separates it from the olfactory epithelium, and which is perforated by olfactory nerve axons. The bulb is divided into two distinct structures, the main olfactory bulb, and the accessory olfactory bulb + Note that in uberon 'main olfactory bulb' is a separate class, but some ontologies may treat this as partially synonymous. The distinction may only make sense in tetrapods with a vomeronasal organ (olfactory nerves terminate in OB in fishes and in main OB in tetrapods - Butler and Hodos) + the olfactory bulbs develop as bilateral evaginations from a region of the prosencephalic neural plate intercalated between the septal and the cortical anlagen (Cobos et al. 2001b, Rubenstein et al. 1998). Comparing the structure of the olfactory bulb among vertebrate species, such as the leopard frog and the lab mouse, reveals that they all share the same fundamental layout(WP). + AAO:0010165 + BAMS:DLB + BAMS:OB + BAMS:Olf + BIRNLEX:1137 + BM:Tel-OB + BTO:0000961 + CALOHA:TS-0702 + DHBA:10307 + EHDAA2:0004705 + EMAPA:32809 + EV:0100173 + FMA:77624 + GAID:633 + HBA:9303 + MA:0000194 + MESH:A08.186.211.577.699.573 + NCIT:C28401 + SCTID:279394006 + TAO:0000402 + UMLS:C0028936 + VHOG:0000033 + Wikipedia:Olfactory_bulb + XAO:0004180 + ZFA:0000402 + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=279 + bulbus olfactorius + uberon + bulbus olfactorius + bulbus olfactorius (Morgagni) + olfactory lobe + olfactory lobe (Barr & Kiernan) + UBERON:0002264 + + + + + olfactory bulb + olfactory bulb + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d2/1543%2CVesalius%27OlfactoryBulbs.jpg + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f9/1543,Vesalius%27OlfactoryBulbs.jpg + + + + + A bulbous anterior projection of the olfactory lobe that is the place of termination of the olfactory nerves and is especially well developed in lower vertebrates (as fishes)[BTO]. + BTO:0000961 + Wikipedia:Olfactory_bulb + + + + + + ABA + + + + + + ABA + + + + + Part of the rostral part of the cerebrum where axons of olfactory cells from the nasal mucosa terminate. Projects onto olfactory parts of pallium via olfactory tracts + ISBN:0471888893 + + + + + Part of the telencephalon comprised of anterior outgrowths of either of the cerebral hemispheres in which the olfactory nerve exits.[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0010165 + AAO + AAO:BJB + + + + + Segment of neural tree organ which is continuous with a set of olfactory nerves and an olfactory tract[FMA:77624]. + FMA:77624 + + + + + The part of the forebrain in which the olfactory nerves end and the olfactory tracts originate. [Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000033 + VHOG + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + The presence of paired evaginated hemispheres and olfactory bulbs in both agnathan and gnathostome radiations suggests that such hemispheres were also present in the common ancestor.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000033 + VHOG + DOI:10.1146/annurev.ne.04.030181.001505 Northcutt RG, Evolution of the telencephalon in nonmammals. Ann. Rev. Neurosci. (1981) + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + In most vertebrates, the olfactory bulb is the most rostral (forward) part of the brain. In humans, however, the olfactory bulb is on the inferior (bottom) side of the brain. The olfactory bulb is supported and protected by the cribriform plate which in mammals, separates it from the olfactory epithelium, and which is perforated by olfactory nerve axons. The bulb is divided into two distinct structures, the main olfactory bulb, and the accessory olfactory bulb + WP + + + + + UMLS:C0028936 + BIRNLEX:1137 + + + + + UMLS:C0028936 + ncithesaurus:Olfactory_Bulb + + + + + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=279 + BIRNLEX:1137 + + + + + bulbus olfactorius + Wikipedia:Olfactory_bulb + + + + + bulbus olfactorius + Wikipedia:Olfactory_bulb + + + + + + bulbus olfactorius (Morgagni) + NeuroNames:279 + + + + + + olfactory lobe + ZFA:0000402 + + + + + olfactory lobe (Barr & Kiernan) + NeuroNames:279 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + White matter tract that contains projections from the olfactory bulb to other parts of the brain. + A nervelike, white band composed primarily of nerve fibres originating from the mitral cells and tufted cells of the olfactory bulb but also containing the scattered cells of the anterior olfactory nucleus[BTO:0003647]. + The olfactory tract is a bundle of axons connecting the mitral and tufted cells of the olfactory bulb to several target regions in the brain, including piriform cortex, amygdala, and entorhinal cortex. It is a narrow white band, triangular on coronal section, the apex being directed upward. It lies in the olfactory sulcus on the inferior surface of the frontal lobe, and divides posteriorly into two striæ, a medial olfactory stria and a lateral olfactory stria.[Wikipedia]. + Tract of brain which is continuous with olfactory bulb and the cerebral cortex.[FMA] + White matter tract that contains projections from the olfactory bulb to the olfactory cortex (Maryann Martone) + in animals with a long snout, the olfactory tract is long, whereas it is short in short-snouted animals such as primates. In some birds the tract per se does not exist as the bulb is connected directly to the cerebral hemisphere.[ISBN:0471888893] + The definition was adapted from the NIFSTD class which has been retired. It has been generalized so it is applicable to various different kinds of olfactory tracts found in different taxa. + BAMS:olf + BIRNLEX:1663 + BTO:0003647 + DHBA:12073 + DHBA:12074 + EMAPA:35615 + FMA:77626 + HBA:9302 + MA:0000975 + NCIT:C33207 + SCTID:362356008 + UMLS:C0162435 + Wikipedia:Olfactory_tract + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=283 + uberon + olfactory peduncle + olfactory stalk + pedunclulus olfactorius + tractus olfactorium + tractus olfactorius + UBERON:0002265 + + + + olfactory tract + olfactory tract + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4d/Gray732.png + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:00:32.978311 + + + + + White matter tract that contains projections from the olfactory bulb to other parts of the brain. + BIRNLEX:1663 + ISBN:0471888893 + Wikipedia:Olfactory_tract + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + A nervelike, white band composed primarily of nerve fibres originating from the mitral cells and tufted cells of the olfactory bulb but also containing the scattered cells of the anterior olfactory nucleus[BTO:0003647]. + BTO:0003647 + + + + + The olfactory tract is a bundle of axons connecting the mitral and tufted cells of the olfactory bulb to several target regions in the brain, including piriform cortex, amygdala, and entorhinal cortex. It is a narrow white band, triangular on coronal section, the apex being directed upward. It lies in the olfactory sulcus on the inferior surface of the frontal lobe, and divides posteriorly into two striæ, a medial olfactory stria and a lateral olfactory stria.[Wikipedia]. + Wikipedia:Olfactory_tract + + + + + Tract of brain which is continuous with olfactory bulb and the cerebral cortex.[FMA] + FMA + + + + + White matter tract that contains projections from the olfactory bulb to the olfactory cortex (Maryann Martone) + deprecated class + BIRNLEX:1663 + + + + + The definition was adapted from the NIFSTD class which has been retired. It has been generalized so it is applicable to various different kinds of olfactory tracts found in different taxa. + cjm + ISBN:0471888893 + + + + + UMLS:C0162435 + ncithesaurus:Olfactory_Tract + + + + + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=283 + BIRNLEX:1663 + + + + + olfactory peduncle + BTO:0003647 + + + + + olfactory stalk + NeuroNames:283 + + + + + pedunclulus olfactorius + NeuroNames:283 + + + + + + tractus olfactorium + NeuroNames:283 + + + + + + tractus olfactorius + BTO:0003647 + + + + + tractus olfactorius + Wikipedia:Olfactory_tract + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An artery that is part of the optic stalk of the eye and extends from the optic disc through the vitreous humor to the lens. + Artery that is internal to the eye. Isogai et al. 2001.[TAO] + In humans, Usually fully regressed before birth, its purpose is to supply nutrient to the developing lens in the growing fetus. During the tenth week of development the lens grows independent of a blood supply and the hyaloid artery usually regresses. Its proximal portion remains as the central artery of the retina. Regression of the hyaloid artery leaves a clear central zone through the vitreous called the hyaloid canal or Cloquet's canal. Occasionally the artery may not fully regress, resulting in the condition persistent hyaloid artery. More commonly, small remnants of the artery may remain. Free remnants can sometimes be seen as 'floaters'. An anterior remnant of the hyaloid artery can be seen in some people as Mittendorf's dot, a small pinpoint-like scar on the posterior surface of the lens. A posterior remnant may be seen where the artery left the optic disc, and is known as Bergmeister's papilla + EHDAA2:0004072 + EMAPA:19242 + FMA:77670 + SCTID:308790003 + TAO:0005045 + VHOG:0001478 + Wikipedia:Hyaloid_artery + XAO:0004155 + ZFA:0005045 + arteria hyaloidea + uberon + Cloquet's canal + Cloquets canal + central artery of retina + hyaloid arteries + UBERON:0002270 + + + + + hyaloid artery + hyaloid artery + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1e/Schematic_diagram_of_the_human_eye_en.svg + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.165850 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:50.593382 + + + + + An artery that is part of the optic stalk of the eye and extends from the optic disc through the vitreous humor to the lens. + Wikipedia:Hyaloid_artery + + + + + Artery that is internal to the eye. Isogai et al. 2001.[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0005045 + TAO + ZFIN:curator + + + + + arteria hyaloidea + Wikipedia:Hyaloid_artery + + + + + + Cloquet's canal + Wikipedia:Hyaloid_artery + + + + + Cloquets canal + Wikipedia:Hyaloid_artery + + + + + central artery of retina + EMAPA:19242 + + + + + hyaloid arteries + ZFA:0005045 + + + + + + + + + A brain ventricle that is part of a telencephalon. In mammals and species with an evaginated telencephalon, this is one of a pair of lateral structures, one in each hemisphere. + The lateral ventricles are part of the ventricular system of the brain. Classified as part of the telencephalon, they are the largest of the ventricles. The lateral ventricles connect to the central third ventricle through the interventricular foramina of Monro[WP]. + The two lateral ventricles are a cavity in each of the cerebral hemispheres derived from the cavity of the embryonic neural tube. They are separated from each other by the septum pellucidum, and each communicates with the third ventricle by the foramen of Monro, through which also the choroid plexuses of the lateral ventricles become continuous with that of the third ventricle[GO]. + The early development of most vertebrate brains is similar (...). The zebrafish neural tube follows the same basic differentiation pattern as the mammalian neural tube (reference 1); The brain develops from three embryonic enlargements of the neural tube, which later differentiate into five regions. A forebrain differentiates into telencephalon and diencephalon. The midbrain, or mesencephalon, remains undivided. The hindbrain divides into the metencephalon and myelencephalon. Cavities within the brain enlarge to form a series of interconnected ventricles (reference 2).[well established][VHOG] + BAMS:LV + BAMS:Tel-V + BIRNLEX:1263 + BM:Tel-LV + BTO:0000879 + CALOHA:TS-1230 + DHBA:10596 + DMBA:126651562 + EFO:0001961 + EHDAA2:0001984 + EHDAA:3502 + EHDAA:6576 + EMAPA:16914 + EV:0100307 + FMA:78448 + GAID:611 + HBA:9419 + MA:0000192 + MBA:81 + MESH:D020547 + NCIT:C12834 + OpenCyc:Mx4rvYsFdZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA + SCTID:180930008 + TAO:0000696 + UMLS:C0152279 + VHOG:0000643 + Wikipedia:Lateral_ventricle + ZFA:0000696 + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=209 + lateral ventricle + lateral ventricles + telencephalic ventricle + telencephalon lateral ventricle + uberon + forebrain ventricle + lateral ventricle of brain + tectal ventricle + telencephalic ventricles + telencephalic vesicle + UBERON:0002285 + + + + + modeled as space in EHDAA2 + + telencephalic ventricle + telencephalic ventricle + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7d/Gray734.png + + + + + A brain ventricle that is part of a telencephalon. In mammals and species with an evaginated telencephalon, this is one of a pair of lateral structures, one in each hemisphere. + Wikipedia:Lateral_ventricle + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + The lateral ventricles are part of the ventricular system of the brain. Classified as part of the telencephalon, they are the largest of the ventricles. The lateral ventricles connect to the central third ventricle through the interventricular foramina of Monro[WP]. + Wikipedia:Lateral_ventricle + + + + + The two lateral ventricles are a cavity in each of the cerebral hemispheres derived from the cavity of the embryonic neural tube. They are separated from each other by the septum pellucidum, and each communicates with the third ventricle by the foramen of Monro, through which also the choroid plexuses of the lateral ventricles become continuous with that of the third ventricle[GO]. + GO:0021670 + + + + + The early development of most vertebrate brains is similar (...). The zebrafish neural tube follows the same basic differentiation pattern as the mammalian neural tube (reference 1); The brain develops from three embryonic enlargements of the neural tube, which later differentiate into five regions. A forebrain differentiates into telencephalon and diencephalon. The midbrain, or mesencephalon, remains undivided. The hindbrain divides into the metencephalon and myelencephalon. Cavities within the brain enlarge to form a series of interconnected ventricles (reference 2).[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000643 + VHOG + ISBN:978-0878932504 Gilbert SF, Developmental Biology (2006) p.381-382, ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.500 + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + UMLS:C0152279 + BIRNLEX:1263 + + + + + UMLS:C0152279 + ncithesaurus:Lateral_Ventricle + + + + + lateral ventricle + MA:0000192 + + + + + + lateral ventricles + + + + + + telencephalic ventricle + VHOG:0000643 + ZFA:0000696 + + + + + telencephalon lateral ventricle + EHDAA2:0001984 + + + + + lateral ventricle of brain + BTO:0000879 + + + + + telencephalic ventricles + BAMS:Tel-V + + + + + telencephalic vesicle + ZFA:0000696 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Part of ventricular system of brain consisting of a narrow channel in the midbrain connecting the third and fourth ventricles. (Maryann Martone). + The early development of most vertebrate brains is similar (...). The zebrafish neural tube follows the same basic differentiation pattern as the mammalian neural tube (reference 1); The brain develops from three embryonic enlargements of the neural tube, which later differentiate into five regions. A forebrain differentiates into telencephalon and diencephalon. The midbrain, or mesencephalon, remains undivided. The hindbrain divides into the metencephalon and myelencephalon. Cavities within the brain enlarge to form a series of interconnected ventricles (reference 2).[well established][VHOG] + Two distinct classes in ncit. We classify this as a brain ventricle even though it is not classifically regarded as one (3rd = diencephalon, 4th = hindbrains) + UBERON:0005684 + BAMS:AQ + BAMS:Aq + BIRNLEX:1261 + BM:MB-AQ + DHBA:10651 + DHBA:12369 + DMBA:126651722 + EFO:0003501 + EHDAA2:0001163 + EHDAA:3696 + EMAPA:17795 + EV:0100309 + FMA:78467 + GAID:583 + HBA:265505702 + MA:0000208 + MBA:140 + MESH:A08.186.211.132.659.822.187 + NCIT:C32135 + SCTID:279249003 + TAO:0000159 + UMLS:C0007769 + VHOG:0000832 + Wikipedia:Cerebral_aqueduct + ZFA:0000159 + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=509 + ncithesaurus:Cerebral_Aqueduct + Sylvian aqueduct + aqueduct (Sylvius) + aqueduct of Sylvius + aqueduct of midbrain + aqueductus mesencephali + cerebral aquaduct + cerebral aqueduct + cerebral aqueduct of Sylvius + medial tectal ventricle + mesencephalic duct + mesencephalic ventricle + midbrain cerebral aqueduct + midbrain ventricle + tectal ventricle + uberon + aqueduct + aqueduct of Sylvius + aqueductus mesencephali + cerebral aqueduct proper + mesencephalic vesicle + UBERON:0002289 + + + + + + midbrain cerebral aqueduct + midbrain cerebral aqueduct + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/da/Cn3nucleus.png + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:00:32.978152 + + + + + Part of ventricular system of brain consisting of a narrow channel in the midbrain connecting the third and fourth ventricles. (Maryann Martone). + BIRNLEX:1261 + + + + + The early development of most vertebrate brains is similar (...). The zebrafish neural tube follows the same basic differentiation pattern as the mammalian neural tube (reference 1); The brain develops from three embryonic enlargements of the neural tube, which later differentiate into five regions. A forebrain differentiates into telencephalon and diencephalon. The midbrain, or mesencephalon, remains undivided. The hindbrain divides into the metencephalon and myelencephalon. Cavities within the brain enlarge to form a series of interconnected ventricles (reference 2).[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000832 + VHOG + ISBN:978-0878932504 Gilbert SF, Developmental Biology (2006) p.381-382, ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.500 + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + Two distinct classes in ncit. We classify this as a brain ventricle even though it is not classifically regarded as one (3rd = diencephalon, 4th = hindbrains) + ncit + + + + + UMLS:C0007769 + BIRNLEX:1261 + + + + + UMLS:C0007769 + ncithesaurus:Aqueduct_of_Sylvius + + + + + Sylvian aqueduct + Wikipedia:Cerebral_aqueduct + + + + + aqueductus mesencephali + FMA:78467 + FMA:TA + + + + + + cerebral aquaduct + ZFA:0000159 + + + + + cerebral aqueduct + MA:0000208 + + + + + medial tectal ventricle + ZFA:0000159 + + + + + + mesencephalic duct + Wikipedia:Cerebral_aqueduct + + + + + mesencephalic ventricle + ZFA:0000159 + + + + + + midbrain cerebral aqueduct + EHDAA2:0001163 + + + + + midbrain ventricle + ZFA:0000159 + + + + + + tectal ventricle + ZFA:0000159 + + + + + + aqueduct + BAMS:AQ + + + + + aqueduct of Sylvius + BAMS:AQ + + + + + aqueductus mesencephali + Wikipedia:Cerebral_aqueduct + + + + + + cerebral aqueduct proper + BAMS:AQ + + + + + mesencephalic vesicle + ZFA:0000159 + + + + + + + + + Spinal cord structure that is part of the ventricular system and is filled with cerebral-spinal fluid and runs the length of the spinal cord. + UBERON:0002220 + BAMS:C + BAMS:CC + BIRNLEX:1409 + DHBA:146035108 + DMBA:126652042 + EHDAA2:0004361 + EMAPA:35789 + FMA:78497 + HBA:9422 + MA:0001117 + MBA:164 + NCIT:C12891 + SCTID:279447004 + TAO:0000938 + UMLS:C0459414 + Wikipedia:Central_canal_of_spinal_cord + ZFA:0000938 + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1733 + canalis centralis + central canal + central canal of spinal cord + spinal cord central canal + ventricle of spinal cord + uberon + central canal, spinal cord/medulla + UBERON:0002291 + + + + previously mapped to FMA:75364. Note some ontologies (NIF, SNOMED) subdivide this into lumbar, thoracic, etc. Note we follow FMA in distinguishing between the canal and the lumen + + central canal of spinal cord + central canal of spinal cord + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/dc/Medulla_spinalis_-_Section_-_English.svg + + + + + Spinal cord structure that is part of the ventricular system and is filled with cerebral-spinal fluid and runs the length of the spinal cord. + PMID:23409159 + ZFIN:curator + + + + + UMLS:C0459414 + ncithesaurus:Central_Canal + + + + + canalis centralis + ZFA:0000938 + + + + + central canal + ZFA:0000938 + + + + + ventricle of spinal cord + FMA:78497 + + + + + central canal, spinal cord/medulla + BAMS:C + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The inner layer of the glomerulus, within the basement membrane surrounding the glomerular capillaries. + mesangial + WP considers this the same as glomerular mesangium. In MA, glomerular and extraglomerular are distingsuished. FMA class has no definition and is a type of stroma, which is inconsistent with our classification of this here. + BTO:0002494 + EMAPA:28248 + EMAPA:36561 + FMA:84139 + MA:0002617 + NCIT:C33101 + UMLS:C0017655 + Wikipedia:Mesangium + uberon + UBERON:0002319 + + + + mesangium + mesangium + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:04:49.725475 + + + + + The inner layer of the glomerulus, within the basement membrane surrounding the glomerular capillaries. + Wikipedia:Mesangium + https://sourceforge.net/p/obo/foundational-model-of-anatomy-fma-requests/13/ + + + + + WP considers this the same as glomerular mesangium. In MA, glomerular and extraglomerular are distingsuished. FMA class has no definition and is a type of stroma, which is inconsistent with our classification of this here. + MA + + + + + EMAPA:36561 + MA:th + + + + + UMLS:C0017655 + ncithesaurus:Mesangium + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A thin membrane which helps to support the capillary loops in a renal glomerulus. It is connective tissue composed of mesangial cells - myofibroblasts phenotypically related to vascular smooth muscle cells (muscle, smooth, vascular), phagocytes and the mesangial extracellular matrix. + EMAPA:27961 + EMAPA:28248 + FMA:84140 + GAID:430 + MA:0002606 + MESH:A05.810.453.736.520.380 + SCTID:244574009 + Wikipedia:Glomerular_mesangium + uberon + UBERON:0002320 + + + + glomerular mesangium + glomerular mesangium + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:04:49.725519 + + + + + A thin membrane which helps to support the capillary loops in a renal glomerulus. It is connective tissue composed of mesangial cells - myofibroblasts phenotypically related to vascular smooth muscle cells (muscle, smooth, vascular), phagocytes and the mesangial extracellular matrix. + MESH:A05.810.453.736.520.380 + Wikipedia:Glomerular_mesangium + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An arterial trunk which is continuous with the heart and branches into the pulmonary arteries. + An arterial trunk with origin from the right ventricle of the heart, and dividing into the right and left pulmonary arteries, which enter the corresponding lungs and branch with the bronchi. [TFD][VHOG] + As in birds, the conus arteriosus split during embryonic development in mammals to produce the pulmonary trunk and single aortic trunk of the adult.[well established][VHOG] + EHDAA2:0001576 + EHDAA:9831 + EMAPA:17015 + FMA:8612 + MA:0002033 + NCIT:C116918 + OpenCyc:Mx4rv-6d0ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA + VHOG:0001134 + galen:PulmonaryTrunk + pulmonary artery (trunk) + trunk of pulmonary arterial tree + uberon + main pulmonary artery + UBERON:0002333 + + + + + pulmonary trunk + pulmonary trunk + Alveoli:diagram.png + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.166249 + + + + + An arterial trunk which is continuous with the heart and branches into the pulmonary arteries. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + An arterial trunk with origin from the right ventricle of the heart, and dividing into the right and left pulmonary arteries, which enter the corresponding lungs and branch with the bronchi. [TFD][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0001134 + VHOG + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/pulmonary+trunk + + + + + As in birds, the conus arteriosus split during embryonic development in mammals to produce the pulmonary trunk and single aortic trunk of the adult.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0001134 + VHOG + ISBN:978-0072528305 Kardong KV, Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy, Function, Evolution (2006) p.481 + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + main pulmonary artery + Wikipedia:Pulmonary_artery + + + + + + + + The layer of connective tissue comprised of the endometrial lining of the uterus which fluctuates in thickness throughout the menstrual cycle. + CALOHA:TS-1266 + EMAPA:35310 + FMA:86487 + MA:0002734 + NCIT:C32516 + SCTID:254115004 + UMLS:C0227849 + endometrium stroma + stroma of endometrium + uberon + UBERON:0002337 + + endometrial stroma + endometrial stroma + + + + + The layer of connective tissue comprised of the endometrial lining of the uterus which fluctuates in thickness throughout the menstrual cycle. + ncithesaurus:Endometrial_Stroma + + + + + UMLS:C0227849 + ncithesaurus:Endometrial_Stroma + + + + + + + + The tissue made up of epithelial cells that lines the inside of the lobar bronchus. + EMAPA:32695 + FMA:86624 + MA:0001842 + epithelial tissue of lobar bronchus + epithelial tissue of secondary bronchus + epithelium of secondary bronchus + lobar bronchial epithelium + lobar bronchus epithelial tissue + lobar bronchus epithelium + secondary bronchus epithelial tissue + secondary bronchus epithelium + uberon + UBERON:0002339 + + epithelium of lobar bronchus + epithelium of lobar bronchus + + + + + The tissue made up of epithelial cells that lines the inside of the lobar bronchus. + GO:0060481 + + + + + epithelial tissue of lobar bronchus + OBOL:automatic + + + + + epithelial tissue of secondary bronchus + OBOL:automatic + + + + + epithelium of secondary bronchus + OBOL:automatic + + + + + lobar bronchus epithelial tissue + OBOL:automatic + + + + + secondary bronchus epithelial tissue + OBOL:automatic + + + + + secondary bronchus epithelium + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The part of the aorta that extends from the arch of the aorta to the diaphragm, and from which arises numerous branches that supply oxygenated blood to the chest cage and the organs within the chest. + EFO:0002527 + EMAPA:18605 + FMA:87217 + MA:0002572 + SCTID:181301002 + uberon + UBERON:0002345 + + + + descending thoracic aorta + descending thoracic aorta + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:28.519284 + + + + + The part of the aorta that extends from the arch of the aorta to the diaphragm, and from which arises numerous branches that supply oxygenated blood to the chest cage and the organs within the chest. + MP:0009868 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A region of the serous membrane that forms the innermost layer of the pericardium and the outer surface of the heart. + TODO - check links with UBERON:0002425 visceral serous pericardium. develops from proepicardium. WP:Epicardium -- When considered as a part of the pericardium, it is the inner layer, or visceral pericardium, continuous with the serous layer. + External layer of the heart.[TAO] + The inner layer of the pericardium that is in contact with the surface of the heart.[AAO] + The visceral pericardium apparently produces the pericardial fluid, which lubricates motion between the inner and outer layers of the pericardium. During ventricular contraction, the wave of depolarization moves from endocardial to epicardial surface. [Wikipedia:Epicardium] + AAO:0010409 + EHDAA2:0002202 + FMA:9461 + NCIT:C13164 + TAO:0005057 + UMLS:C0225968 + VHOG:0000119 + Wikipedia:Epicardium + XAO:0000316 + ZFA:0005057 + galen:Epicardium + heart epicardium + visceral serous pericardium of heart + visceral serous pericardium proper + uberon + pericardium visceral mesothelium + UBERON:0002348 + + + + + epicardium + epicardium + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:03:49.273029 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:03:58.287918 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:04:00.126782 + + + + + A region of the serous membrane that forms the innermost layer of the pericardium and the outer surface of the heart. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + External layer of the heart.[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0005057 + TAO + ZFIN:curator + + + + + The inner layer of the pericardium that is in contact with the surface of the heart.[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0010409 + AAO + AAO:BJB + + + + + UMLS:C0225968 + ncithesaurus:Epicardium + + + + + visceral serous pericardium of heart + FMA:9461 + + + + + visceral serous pericardium proper + FMA:9461 + + + + + pericardium visceral mesothelium + EMAPA:16589 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The part of the cardiac conduction system that controls the timing of heart muscle contraction. It relays electrical signals to the AV node[GO]. Subdivision of conducting system of heart at the junction of the right atrium and the superior vena cava, around the sinoatrial nodal branch of right coronary artery and is continuous with the internodal tract[FMA]. + BTO:0004358 + EHDAA2:0004184 + EMAPA:35772 + FMA:9477 + GAID:561 + MA:0000097 + MESH:D012849 + NCIT:C33555 + OpenCyc:Mx4rOhejDGMcEd2AAABQjYGu0g + SCTID:277687007 + TAO:0005069 + UMLS:C0037189 + Wikipedia:Sinoatrial_node + ZFA:0005069 + Koch's node + SA nodal muscle tissue + SA node + cardiac pacemaker + node of Keith-Flack + nodus sinuatrialis + sinoatrial node + sinu-atrial node + sinuatrial nodal muscle tissue + sinuatrial node + sinus node + sinus node of Keith and Flack + uberon + nodus sinuatrialis + UBERON:0002351 + + + + WP:Heart states: "The SA node is found in all amniotes but not in more primitive vertebrates. In these animals, the muscles of the heart are relatively continuous and the sinus venosus coordinates the beat which passes in a wave through the remaining chambers. Indeed, since the sinus venosus is incorporated into the right atrium in amniotes, it is likely homologous with the SA node. In teleosts, with their vestigial sinus venosus, the main centre of coordination is, instead, in the atrium.". Note however that ZFA has SA node. + + sinoatrial node + sinoatrial node + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d2/Sinoatrial_node_low_mag.jpg + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/de/Sinoatrial_node_2_low_mag.jpg + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:03:49.273002 + + + + + The part of the cardiac conduction system that controls the timing of heart muscle contraction. It relays electrical signals to the AV node[GO]. Subdivision of conducting system of heart at the junction of the right atrium and the superior vena cava, around the sinoatrial nodal branch of right coronary artery and is continuous with the internodal tract[FMA]. + GO:0003163 + Wikipedia:Sinoatrial_node + + + + + UMLS:C0037189 + ncithesaurus:Sinoatrial_Node + + + + + Koch's node + FMA:9477 + + + + + SA nodal muscle tissue + FMA:9477 + + + + + SA node + FMA:9477 + + + + + cardiac pacemaker + FMA:9477 + + + + + node of Keith-Flack + FMA:9477 + + + + + nodus sinuatrialis + FMA:9477 + FMA:TA + + + + + + sinoatrial node + FMA:9477 + + + + + sinu-atrial node + FMA:9477 + + + + + sinuatrial nodal muscle tissue + FMA:9477 + + + + + sinuatrial node + FMA:9477 + + + + + sinus node + FMA:9477 + + + + + sinus node of Keith and Flack + FMA:9477 + + + + + nodus sinuatrialis + Wikipedia:Sinoatrial_node + + + + + + + + + An area of conducting tissue between the atria and the ventricles of the heart that conducts the normal electrical impulse from the atria to the ventricles. + Three major adaptations, or 'novel cardiac components', that were not present in the ancestor chordate heart tube can be distinguished in the lower vertebrate heart: the atrium, ventricle, and possibly the muscular sinus venosus. Furthermore, within the ventricular component a compact outer myocardial component and an interiorly localized extensive trabecular component can be distinguished. The specific activation of the ventricle adds to its complexity as follows. The depolarizing impulse travels rapidly from the atrioventricular node toward the apex and then toward the conal region, achieving activation from apex to base.[uncertain][VHOG] + BTO:0005689 + EFO:0000276 + EHDAA2:0004183 + EMAPA:35153 + FMA:9478 + GAID:558 + MA:0000095 + MAT:0000498 + MESH:D001283 + NCIT:C32161 + OpenCyc:Mx4rMfD91mMcEd2AAABQjYGu0g + SCTID:277688002 + TAO:0005070 + UMLS:C0004247 + VHOG:0001474 + Wikipedia:Atrioventricular_node + ZFA:0005070 + AV nodal muscle tissue + AV node + Aschoff-Tawara node + atrioventricular nodal muscle tissue + node of Tawara + nodus atrioventricularis + uberon + A-V node + atrio-ventricular node + atriovetricular node + downstream pacemaker + nodus atrioventricularis + UBERON:0002352 + + + + + + atrioventricular node + atrioventricular node + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/50/ConductionsystemoftheheartwithouttheHeart.png + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/92/Gray501.png + + + + + An area of conducting tissue between the atria and the ventricles of the heart that conducts the normal electrical impulse from the atria to the ventricles. + UBERON:cjm + Wikipedia:Atrioventricular_node + + + + + Three major adaptations, or 'novel cardiac components', that were not present in the ancestor chordate heart tube can be distinguished in the lower vertebrate heart: the atrium, ventricle, and possibly the muscular sinus venosus. Furthermore, within the ventricular component a compact outer myocardial component and an interiorly localized extensive trabecular component can be distinguished. The specific activation of the ventricle adds to its complexity as follows. The depolarizing impulse travels rapidly from the atrioventricular node toward the apex and then toward the conal region, achieving activation from apex to base.[uncertain][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0001474 + VHOG + DOI:10.1152/physrev.00006.2003 Moorman AFM, Christoffels VM, Cardiac Chamber Formation: Development, Genes, and Evolution. Physiological Reviews (2003) + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + UMLS:C0004247 + ncithesaurus:Atrioventricular_Node + + + + + AV nodal muscle tissue + FMA:9478 + + + + + AV node + FMA:9478 + MA:0000095 + + + + + Aschoff-Tawara node + FMA:9478 + + + + + atrioventricular nodal muscle tissue + FMA:9478 + + + + + node of Tawara + FMA:9478 + + + + + nodus atrioventricularis + FMA:TA + + + + + + A-V node + EMAPA:35153 + + + + + atrio-ventricular node + EMAPA:35153 + + + + + atriovetricular node + TAO:0005070 + + + + + downstream pacemaker + ZFA:0005070 + + + + + nodus atrioventricularis + Wikipedia:Atrioventricular_node + + + + + + + + + A part of the His-Purkinje system that transmits signals from the AV node to the cardiac Purkinje fibers[GO]. + EMAPA:35152 + FMA:9484 + GAID:559 + MA:0002576 + MESH:D002036 + NCIT:C32160 + OpenCyc:Mx4rUv1WcGPJEd2AAABQjYGu0g + SCTID:362022007 + UMLS:C0006382 + Wikipedia:Bundle_of_His + galen:BundleOfHis + AV bundle + AVB + His bundle + atrio-ventricular bundle + atrioventricular bundle + atrioventricular bundle muscle tissue + atrioventricular fasciculus + bundle of His + fasciculus atrioventricularis + uberon + A-V bundle + UBERON:0002353 + + + + bundle of His + atrioventricular bundle + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/50/ConductionsystemoftheheartwithouttheHeart.png + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b6/ECG_Principle_fast.gif + + + + + A part of the His-Purkinje system that transmits signals from the AV node to the cardiac Purkinje fibers[GO]. + GO:0003166 + GOC:mtg_heart + + + + + UMLS:C0006382 + ncithesaurus:Atrioventricular_Bundle + + + + + AVB + + + + + + atrio-ventricular bundle + EMAPA:35152 + + + + + atrioventricular bundle muscle tissue + FMA:9484 + + + + + atrioventricular fasciculus + FMA:9484 + + + + + bundle of His + FMA:9484 + GO:0003166 + + + + + fasciculus atrioventricularis + Wikipedia:Bundle_of_His + + + + + + A-V bundle + EMAPA:35152 + + + + + + + + The prostate gland is a partly muscular, partly glandular body that is situated near the base of the mammalian male urethra and secretes an alkaline viscid fluid which is a major constituent of the ejaculatory fluid. + TODO - FMA treats the gland as part of the prostate - see also FMA:74119. + prostatic + BTO:0001129 + CALOHA:TS-0828 + EFO:0000858 + EMAPA:19287 + EV:0100104 + FMA:9600 + GAID:392 + MA:0000404 + MAT:0000078 + MESH:D011467 + MIAA:0000078 + NCIT:C12410 + OpenCyc:Mx4rv6trqZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA + SCTID:181422007 + UMLS:C0033572 + VHOG:0001261 + Wikipedia:Prostate + galen:ProstateGland + male prostate + prostate + uberon + prostata + UBERON:0002367 + + + + + + + prostate gland + prostate gland + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a1/Prostatelead.jpg + + + + + The prostate gland is a partly muscular, partly glandular body that is situated near the base of the mammalian male urethra and secretes an alkaline viscid fluid which is a major constituent of the ejaculatory fluid. + GO:0030850 + Wikipedia:Prostate + + + + + UMLS:C0033572 + ncithesaurus:Prostate_Gland + + + + + male prostate + PMID:10668204 + + + + + prostata + Wikipedia:Prostate + + + + + + + + + Anatomical structure of largely lymphoid tissue that functions in cell-mediated immunity by being the site where T cells develop. + check - a subtype of gland? not in GO. NCIT has thymus and thymus gland. EHDAA2 has ductless gland. + Anatomical structure which originates as several paired thickenings on the dorsal side of the pharyngeal pouches and secretes thymosin.[AAO] + A thymus develops in all vertebrates from the endodermal epithelium of certain pharyngeal pouches and from the adjacent ectodermal epithelium. In fishes, all the pouches, or the first four, contribute to thymus formation, but in tetrapods, the number is more restricted. In mammals, only the third and fourth are involved, and the contribution of the third is by far the greater.[well established][VHOG] + thymic + AAO:0010548 + BTO:0001374 + CALOHA:TS-1043 + EFO:0000860 + EHDAA2:0002017 + EHDAA:9119 + EMAPA:18768 + EV:0100138 + FMA:9607 + GAID:464 + MA:0000142 + MAT:0000080 + MESH:A06.407.850 + MIAA:0000080 + NCIT:C12433 + OpenCyc:Mx4rvpIympwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA + SCTID:118507000 + TAO:0001078 + UMLS:C0040113 + VHOG:0000253 + Wikipedia:Thymus + XAO:0000163 + ZFA:0001078 + thymus gland + thymus organ + uberon + UBERON:0002370 + + + + + + + + thymus + thymus + Illu:thymus.jpg + + + + + Anatomical structure of largely lymphoid tissue that functions in cell-mediated immunity by being the site where T cells develop. + NLM:thymus + Wikipedia:Thymus + + + + + Anatomical structure which originates as several paired thickenings on the dorsal side of the pharyngeal pouches and secretes thymosin.[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0010548 + AAO + AAO:BJB + + + + + A thymus develops in all vertebrates from the endodermal epithelium of certain pharyngeal pouches and from the adjacent ectodermal epithelium. In fishes, all the pouches, or the first four, contribute to thymus formation, but in tetrapods, the number is more restricted. In mammals, only the third and fourth are involved, and the contribution of the third is by far the greater.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000253 + VHOG + ISBN:978-0878932504 Gilbert SF, Developmental Biology (2006) p.558 + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + UMLS:C0040113 + ncithesaurus:Thymus_Gland + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The soft tissue that fills the cavities of bones. + TODO - create superclass for bone marrow / head kidney. both are portions of tissue in the hematopoetic system. also consider adding as subclass of zone of bone organ for consistency with FMA. See also: Leydig and epigonal organs + consider placement of NCIT:C53466 medullary bone + The bone marrow is the hematopoietic organ in all vertebrates but fishes, in which hematopoiesis occurs in the kidney.[well established][VHOG] + In adults, marrow in large bones produces new blood cells[Wikipedia:Bone_marrow] + AAO:0011007 + BTO:0000141 + BTO:0000829 + CALOHA:TS-0087 + EFO:0000868 + EMAPA:32760 + EV:0100046 + FMA:9608 + GAID:1287 + MA:0000134 + MAT:0000084 + MESH:D001853 + MIAA:0000084 + NCIT:C12431 + OpenCyc:Mx4rvVm-FpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA + SCTID:421320006 + UMLS:C0005953 + VHOG:0001218 + Wikipedia:Bone_marrow + XAO:0000123 + galen:BoneMarrow + medulla ossea + medulla ossium + uberon + medulla of bone + medullary bone + UBERON:0002371 + + + + + bone marrow + Bone marrow + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/74/Gray72-en.svg + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T17:59:13.300939 + + + + + The soft tissue that fills the cavities of bones. + MGI:cwg + MP:0002397 + + + + + The bone marrow is the hematopoietic organ in all vertebrates but fishes, in which hematopoiesis occurs in the kidney.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0001218 + VHOG + DOI:10.1146/annurev.cellbio.22.010605.093317 Hartenstein V, Blood Cells and Blood Cell Development in the Animal Kingdom. Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology (2006) + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + UMLS:C0005953 + ncithesaurus:Bone_Marrow + + + + + medulla ossea + BTO:0000141 + FMA:9608 + + + + + + medulla ossium + BTO:0000141 + Wikipedia:Bone_marrow + + + + + + medulla of bone + BTO:0000141 + + + + + + + + Tissue with cells that deposit non-polarized extracellular matrix including connective tissue fibers and ground substance. + One of the four types of tissue in traditional classifications. It is largely a category of exclusion rather than one with a precise definition, but there are certain characteristics shared by all or most tissues in this category, such as involvement in structure and support, derived from mesoderm, and characterized largely by the traits of non-living tissue.[AAO] + Portion of tissue that consists of mesodermally derived cells and intercellular matrix comprised of protein fibers and carbohydrates, which supports, ensheathes and binds together other tissues.[TAO] + Tissue with cells that deposit non-polarized extracellular matrix including connective tissue fibers and ground substance.[VSAO] + MA also has set of connective tissues + AAO:0000098 + BTO:0000421 + CALOHA:TS-2009 + EFO:0000952 + EMAPA:35251 + FMA:9640 + GAID:100 + MA:0000011 + MAT:0000301 + MESH:D003238 + MIAA:0000301 + NCIT:C12374 + OpenCyc:Mx4rv-aBgZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA + SCTID:361919005 + TAO:0001641 + UMLS:C0009780 + VSAO:0000017 + XAO:0001017 + ZFA:0001632 + galen:ConnectiveTissue + portion of connective tissue + textus connectivus + uberon + Bindegewebe + UBERON:0002384 + + + + + connective tissue + connective tissue + + + + + Tissue with cells that deposit non-polarized extracellular matrix including connective tissue fibers and ground substance. + GO_REF:0000034 + PSPUB:0000170 + VSAO:0000017 + http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0051070 + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/23 + + + + + One of the four types of tissue in traditional classifications. It is largely a category of exclusion rather than one with a precise definition, but there are certain characteristics shared by all or most tissues in this category, such as involvement in structure and support, derived from mesoderm, and characterized largely by the traits of non-living tissue.[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0000098 + AAO + AAO:LAP + + + + + Portion of tissue that consists of mesodermally derived cells and intercellular matrix comprised of protein fibers and carbohydrates, which supports, ensheathes and binds together other tissues.[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0001641 + TAO + TAO:wd + + + + + Tissue with cells that deposit non-polarized extracellular matrix including connective tissue fibers and ground substance.[VSAO] + 2012-08-14 + VSAO:0000017 + VSAO + GO_REF:0000034, http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0051070 + PSPUB:0000170 + + + + + MA also has set of connective tissues + MA + + + + + UMLS:C0009780 + ncithesaurus:Connective_Tissue + + + + + portion of connective tissue + FMA:9640 + + + + + Bindegewebe + BTO:0000421 + + + + + + + + The inner serous membrane of the pulmonary pleural. The visceral pleura lines the lungs. + Each lung is invested by an exceedingly delicate serous membrane, the pleura, which is arranged in the form of a closed invaginated sac. A portion of the serous membrane covers the surface of the lung and dips into the fissures between its lobes; it is called the pulmonary pleura (or visceral pleura). The visceral pleura is attached directly to the lungs[Wikipedia:Visceral_pleura]. + FMA treats this as part of the lungs + EHDAA2:0002205 + EMAPA:16777 + FMA:9734 + MA:0002489 + NCIT:C33881 + OpenCyc:Mx4rwNFqppwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA + SCTID:361997008 + UMLS:C0225776 + VHOG:0001496 + pleura pulmonalis + pleura visceralis + pleura visceralis (pulmonalis) + pulmonary visceral pleura + uberon + lung mesothelium + lung pleura + pulmonary pleura + UBERON:0002401 + + + + visceral pleura + visceral pleura + + + + + The inner serous membrane of the pulmonary pleural. The visceral pleura lines the lungs. + UBERON:cjm + Wikipedia:Pulmonary_pleurae + + + + + Each lung is invested by an exceedingly delicate serous membrane, the pleura, which is arranged in the form of a closed invaginated sac. A portion of the serous membrane covers the surface of the lung and dips into the fissures between its lobes; it is called the pulmonary pleura (or visceral pleura). The visceral pleura is attached directly to the lungs[Wikipedia:Visceral_pleura]. + Wikipedia:Visceral_pleura + + + + + FMA treats this as part of the lungs + FMA + + + + + UMLS:C0225776 + ncithesaurus:Visceral_Pleura + + + + + pleura pulmonalis + FMA:9734 + FMA:TA + + + + + + pleura visceralis + Wikipedia:Visceral_pleura + + + + + + lung mesothelium + EHDAA2:0002205 + + + + + pulmonary pleura + FMA:9734 + + + + + + + + + + Part of the ventricular system of the brain, forming a single large irregularly shaped cavity located on the midline of the rhombencephalon, between the medulla, pons and the isthmus ventrally and the cerebellum dorsally. It is continuous with the cerebral aqueduct anteriorally and the central canal of the spinal cord posteriorly. It communicates with the subarachnoid space through its lateral and median apertures. + Fluid-filled brain cavity. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] + Irregularly shaped cavity in the rhombencephalon, between the medulla oblongata, the pons, and the isthmus in front, and the cerebellum behind. It is continuous with the central canal of the cord below and with the cerebral aqueduct above, and through its lateral and median apertures it communicates with the subarachnoid space.[AAO] + The fourth ventricle is an irregularly shaped cavity in the rhombencephalon, between the medulla oblongata, the pons, and the isthmus in front, and the cerebellum behind. It is continuous with the central canal of the cord below and with the cerebral aqueduct above, and through its lateral and median apertures it communicates with the subarachnoid space[GO][GO:0021592]. + The early development of most vertebrate brains is similar (...). The zebrafish neural tube follows the same basic differentiation pattern as the mammalian neural tube (reference 1); The brain develops from three embryonic enlargements of the neural tube, which later differentiate into five regions. A forebrain differentiates into telencephalon and diencephalon. The midbrain, or mesencephalon, remains undivided. The hindbrain divides into the metencephalon and myelencephalon. Cavities within the brain enlarge to form a series of interconnected ventricles (reference 2).[well established][VHOG] + AAO:0011043 + BAMS:4V + BAMS:V4 + BIRNLEX:1256 + BM:Pons-4V + BTO:0003426 + CALOHA:TS-2015 + DHBA:10669 + DHBA:12805 + DMBA:126651782 + EHDAA2:0000100 + EHDAA:896 + EMAPA:16917 + EV:0100310 + FMA:78469 + GAID:610 + HBA:9421 + MA:0000196 + MBA:145 + MESH:D020546 + NCIT:C12828 + OpenCyc:Mx4rv-7Q6pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA + SCTID:180932000 + TAO:0000110 + UMLS:C0149556 + VHOG:0000006 + Wikipedia:Fourth_ventricle + XAO:0003099 + ZFA:0000110 + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=621 + ventricle IV + rhombencephalic vesicle + uberon + 4th ventricle + IVth ventricle + fourth ventricle proper + hindbrain ventricle + rhombencephalic ventricle + ventricle of hindbrain + ventricle of rhombencephalon + ventriculus quartus + UBERON:0002422 + + + + + fourth ventricle + fourth ventricle + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7d/Gray734.png + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:00:28.561253 + + + + + Part of the ventricular system of the brain, forming a single large irregularly shaped cavity located on the midline of the rhombencephalon, between the medulla, pons and the isthmus ventrally and the cerebellum dorsally. It is continuous with the cerebral aqueduct anteriorally and the central canal of the spinal cord posteriorly. It communicates with the subarachnoid space through its lateral and median apertures. + BIRNLEX:1256 + + + + + Fluid-filled brain cavity. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0000110 + TAO + ZFIN:curator + + + + + Irregularly shaped cavity in the rhombencephalon, between the medulla oblongata, the pons, and the isthmus in front, and the cerebellum behind. It is continuous with the central canal of the cord below and with the cerebral aqueduct above, and through its lateral and median apertures it communicates with the subarachnoid space.[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0011043 + AAO + UBERON:0002422 + + + + + The fourth ventricle is an irregularly shaped cavity in the rhombencephalon, between the medulla oblongata, the pons, and the isthmus in front, and the cerebellum behind. It is continuous with the central canal of the cord below and with the cerebral aqueduct above, and through its lateral and median apertures it communicates with the subarachnoid space[GO][GO:0021592]. + GO:0021592 + + + + + The early development of most vertebrate brains is similar (...). The zebrafish neural tube follows the same basic differentiation pattern as the mammalian neural tube (reference 1); The brain develops from three embryonic enlargements of the neural tube, which later differentiate into five regions. A forebrain differentiates into telencephalon and diencephalon. The midbrain, or mesencephalon, remains undivided. The hindbrain divides into the metencephalon and myelencephalon. Cavities within the brain enlarge to form a series of interconnected ventricles (reference 2).[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000006 + VHOG + ISBN:978-0878932504 Gilbert SF, Developmental Biology (2006) p.381-382, ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.500 + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + UMLS:C0149556 + ncithesaurus:Fourth_Ventricle_of_the_Brain + + + + + ventricle IV + ZFA:0000110 + + + + + rhombencephalic vesicle + ZFA:0000110 + + + + + 4th ventricle + MA:0000196 + + + + + IVth ventricle + VHOG:0000006 + + + + + fourth ventricle proper + BAMS:V4 + + + + + hindbrain ventricle + VHOG:0000006 + + + + + + rhombencephalic ventricle + VHOG:0000006 + + + + + ventricle of hindbrain + BTO:0003426 + + + + + + ventricle of rhombencephalon + BTO:0003426 + + + + + ventriculus quartus + Wikipedia:Fourth_ventricle + + + + + + + + + One of two ganglionated neural networks which together form the enteric nervous system. The myenteric (Auerbach's) plexus is located between the longitudinal and circular muscle layers of the gut. Its neurons project to the circular muscle, to other myenteric ganglia, to submucosal ganglia, or directly to the epithelium, and play an important role in regulating and patterning gut motility. + plexus of unmyelinated nerve fibers and postganglionic autonomic cell bodies lying in the muscular coat of the esophagus, stomach and intestines that communicate with the submucosal, subserosal and enteric plexuses[MP][MP:0010801]. + note that FMA uses Meissner's plexus as a synonym, rather than separate class + BAMS:myp + BTO:0002436 + EMAPA:32847 + FMA:63252 + GAID:798 + MA:0001148 + MESH:D009197 + NCIT:C52748 + NLXANAT:100306 + SCTID:267716001 + UMLS:C0027028 + Wikipedia:Auerbach's_plexus + Auberbach plexus + Auberbach's plexus + Auberbachs plexus + Auerbach's plexus + Remak's plexus + myenteric plexus + plexus nervosus submucosus + plexus submucosus + uberon + Meissner's plexus + plexus myentericus + submucous plexus + UBERON:0002439 + + + + myenteric nerve plexus + myenteric nerve plexus + myenteric plexus of Auerbach + + + + + One of two ganglionated neural networks which together form the enteric nervous system. The myenteric (Auerbach's) plexus is located between the longitudinal and circular muscle layers of the gut. Its neurons project to the circular muscle, to other myenteric ganglia, to submucosal ganglia, or directly to the epithelium, and play an important role in regulating and patterning gut motility. + NLXANAT:100306 + + + + + plexus of unmyelinated nerve fibers and postganglionic autonomic cell bodies lying in the muscular coat of the esophagus, stomach and intestines that communicate with the submucosal, subserosal and enteric plexuses[MP][MP:0010801]. + MP:0010801 + + + + + note that FMA uses Meissner's plexus as a synonym, rather than separate class + FMA + + + + + UMLS:C0027028 + ncithesaurus:Myenteric_Nerve_Plexus + + + + + Auberbach plexus + NLXANAT:100306 + + + + + Auberbach's plexus + NLXANAT:100306 + + + + + Auberbachs plexus + NLXANAT:100306 + + + + + Auerbach's plexus + FMA:63252 + HP:0002251 + + + + + Remak's plexus + FMA:63252 + + + + + plexus nervosus submucosus + FMA:63252 + FMA:TA + + + + + + plexus submucosus + FMA:63252 + FMA:TA + + + + + + Meissner's plexus + FMA:63252 + + + + + + plexus myentericus + BTO:0002436 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A region of the lens consisting of packed elongated enucleate cells packed with crystallin. + Fibres resembling a ribbon and arranged in very thin plates in the lens. [Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier][VHOG] + (...) the line, or Y, or star sutures common to mammalian lenses, including those of primates. In the case of line or Y sutures, the overlapping of lens fibers in each successive shell is coincident and results in the formation of four or six three-dimensional suture planes that extend from the lens nucleus to the periphery.[well established][VHOG] + BTO:0000724 + CALOHA:TS-0544 + EHDAA:4745 + EHDAA:9065 + EMAPA:17841 + FMA:76827 + MA:0001304 + NCIT:C32976 + RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000979 + UMLS:C0229224 + VHOG:0000444 + Wikipedia:Lens_(anatomy)#Lens_fibers + XAO:0004096 + fibrae lentis + lens fibers + lens fibers set + lens fibres + uberon + lens fibre + set of lens fibers + UBERON:0002444 + + + lens fiber + lens Fiber + lens fiber + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:02:14.759404 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:02:23.716853 + + + + + A region of the lens consisting of packed elongated enucleate cells packed with crystallin. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + Fibres resembling a ribbon and arranged in very thin plates in the lens. [Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000444 + VHOG + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + (...) the line, or Y, or star sutures common to mammalian lenses, including those of primates. In the case of line or Y sutures, the overlapping of lens fibers in each successive shell is coincident and results in the formation of four or six three-dimensional suture planes that extend from the lens nucleus to the periphery.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000444 + VHOG + DOI:10.1167/iovs.03-0466 Sivak JG, Through the lens clearly: phylogeny and development, The Proctor lecture. Investigative ophthalmology and visual science (2004) + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + UMLS:C0229224 + ncithesaurus:Lens_Fiber + + + + + fibrae lentis + FMA:76827 + FMA:TA + + + + + + lens fibre + EMAPA:17841 + + + + + set of lens fibers + FMA:76827 + + + + + + + + A large sesamoid bone found in the distal femur/proximal tibial region of the hindlimb of tetrapods. The patella is the attachment site for proximal hindlimb tendons.[PHENOSCAPE:ad]. + patellar + EMAPA:35668 + FMA:24485 + GAID:203 + MA:0001374 + MESH:A02.835.232.500.624 + NCIT:C33282 + SCTID:182083008 + UMLS:C0030647 + Wikipedia:Patella + galen:Patella + uberon + knee bone + knee cap + patella + UBERON:0002446 + + + The patella, also known as the knee cap or kneepan, is the largest sesamoid bone in the human body. The primary functional role of the patella is knee extension. The patella has convergently evolved in placental mammals and birds; marsupials have only rudimentary, non-ossified patellae. In more primitive tetrapods, including living amphibians and reptiles, the muscle tendons from the upper leg are attached directly to the tibia, and the patella is not present. See also: fabella. + + patella + patella + Knee:diagram.svg + + + + + A large sesamoid bone found in the distal femur/proximal tibial region of the hindlimb of tetrapods. The patella is the attachment site for proximal hindlimb tendons.[PHENOSCAPE:ad]. + PHENOSCAPE:ad + https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&atid=1205376&aid=3470151&group_id=76834 + + + + + UMLS:C0030647 + ncithesaurus:Patella + + + + + knee bone + FMA:24485 + + + + + knee cap + Wikipedia:Patella + + + + + patella + Wikipedia:Patella + + + + + + + + + The mucous secreting gland associated with the mucuous membrane lining the uterus. + simple or branched tubular + + BTO:0003433 + BTO:0004518 + EMAPA:29919 + MA:0001726 + NCIT:C33842 + SCTID:361377009 + UMLS:C1183035 + Wikipedia:Uterine_glands + endometrial gland + endometrial mucuous gland + endometrium gland + glandulae uterinae + uterine gland + uberon + glandulae uterinae + UBERON:0002451 + + + + + endometrial gland + endometrial gland + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/28/Gray1169.png + + + + + The mucous secreting gland associated with the mucuous membrane lining the uterus. + Wikipedia:Uterine_glands + + + + + UMLS:C1183035 + ncithesaurus:Uterine_Gland + + + + + endometrial gland + BTO:0003433 + + + + + glandulae uterinae + FMA:71647 + FMA:TA + + + + + + glandulae uterinae + Wikipedia:Uterine_glands + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Aanastomosis of dorsal carpal branch of the radial artery and the dorsal carpal branch of the ulnar artery near the back of the wrist. It is made up of the dorsal carpal branches of both the ulnar and radial arteries. It also anastomoses with the anterior interosseous artery and the posterior interosseous artery. The arch gives off three dorsal metacarpal arteries. + check FMA, singular. specific subtypes e.g. FMA:22761 first dorsal metacarpal artery + EMAPA:37079 + FMA:70800 + MA:0001944 + NCIT:C52980 + SCTID:244320002 + UMLS:C0447094 + Wikipedia:Dorsal_metacarpal_artery + arteriae metacarpales dorsales + dorsal metacarpal arteries + dorsal metacarpal arteries set + uberon + set of dorsal metacarpal arteries + UBERON:0002454 + + + dorsal metacarpal artery + dorsal metacarpal artery + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/64/Gray529.png + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.165699 + + + + + Aanastomosis of dorsal carpal branch of the radial artery and the dorsal carpal branch of the ulnar artery near the back of the wrist. It is made up of the dorsal carpal branches of both the ulnar and radial arteries. It also anastomoses with the anterior interosseous artery and the posterior interosseous artery. The arch gives off three dorsal metacarpal arteries. + Wikipedia:Dorsal_metacarpal_artery + + + + + EMAPA:37079 + MA:th + + + + + UMLS:C0447094 + ncithesaurus:Dorsal_Metacarpal_Artery + + + + + arteriae metacarpales dorsales + FMA:70800 + FMA:TA + + + + + + set of dorsal metacarpal arteries + FMA:70800 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + . + EMAPA:37208 + FMA:70821 + MA:0001966 + Wikipedia:Common_plantar_digital_arteries + arteriae digitales plantares communes + common plantar digital arteries + common plantar digital arteries set + uberon + arteriae digitales plantares communes + set of common plantar digital arteries + UBERON:0002455 + + common plantar digital arteries + common plantar digital arteries + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3e/Gray555.png + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.166941 + + + + + . + Wikipedia:Common_plantar_digital_arteries + + + + + EMAPA:37208 + MA:th + + + + + arteriae digitales plantares communes + FMA:70821 + FMA:TA + + + + + + common plantar digital arteries set + FMA:70821 + + + + + arteriae digitales plantares communes + Wikipedia:Common_plantar_digital_arteries + + + + + + set of common plantar digital arteries + FMA:70821 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An artery that supplies the anterior chest wall and the breasts. It is a paired artery, with one running along each side of the sternum, to continue after its bifurcation as the superior epigastric and musculophrenic arteries. [WP,unvetted]. + MA has both mammary and thoracic + EHDAA2:0000880 + EHDAA:8585 + EMAPA:18617 + FMA:3960 + MA:0001982 + MA:0001984 + NCIT:C52941 + OpenCyc:Mx4rMe0MIao8EduQrwACs5b6Bw + SCTID:244239009 + UMLS:C0226276 + Wikipedia:Internal_thoracic_artery + internal mammary artery + internal thoracic mammary artery + uberon + arteria mammaria interna + arteria thoracica interna + mammary artery + UBERON:0002456 + + + internal thoracic artery + internal thoracic artery + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5c/Gray522.png + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:28.519505 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.167722 + + + + + An artery that supplies the anterior chest wall and the breasts. It is a paired artery, with one running along each side of the sternum, to continue after its bifurcation as the superior epigastric and musculophrenic arteries. [WP,unvetted]. + Wikipedia:Internal_thoracic_artery + + + + + MA has both mammary and thoracic + MA + + + + + UMLS:C0226276 + ncithesaurus:Internal_Mammary_Artery + + + + + internal mammary artery + MA:0001982 + + + + + + arteria mammaria interna + Wikipedia:Internal_thoracic_artery + + + + + + arteria thoracica interna + Wikipedia:Internal_thoracic_artery + + + + + + mammary artery + EMAPA:18617 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A blood vessel that drains from from an lower eyelid. + + EMAPA:37156 + FMA:50913 + MA:0002147 + NCIT:C53049 + SCTID:422559003 + UMLS:C1760539 + inferior palpebral veins + inferior palpebral veins set + vein of inferior eyelid + uberon + lower palpebral vein + venae palpebrales inferiores + UBERON:0002459 + + inferior palpebral vein + inferior palpebral vein + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.168139 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:48.278402 + + + + + A blood vessel that drains from from an lower eyelid. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + EMAPA:37156 + MA:th + + + + + UMLS:C1760539 + ncithesaurus:Inferior_Palpebral_Vein + + + + + lower palpebral vein + MA:0002147 + + + + + venae palpebrales inferiores + FMA:70847 + FMA:TA + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A tributary of the iliac vein that drains the urinary bladder. + + EMAPA:37205 + MA:0002263 + SCTID:12683000 + Wikipedia:Vesical_veins + venae vesicales + vesical veins + vesical veins set + uberon + UBERON:0002460 + + + vesical vein + vesical vein + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bd/Gray585.png + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.166342 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:48.278460 + + + + + A tributary of the iliac vein that drains the urinary bladder. + UBERON:cjm + Wikipedia:Vesical_veins + + + + + EMAPA:37205 + MA:th + + + + + venae vesicales + FMA:70911 + FMA:TA + + + + + + vesical veins + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The more lateral of the two segments of the globus pallidus, abutting the putamen. + + The lateral globus pallidus (or external, GPe) receives a strong glutamatergic projection from the subthalamic nucleus. The two form a particular system: a coupled pacemaker. The axons of the external globus pallidum go essentially to the subthalamic nucleus. They go also to other elements of the basal ganglia system, the striatum, the substantia nigra pars reticulata, and the internal globus pallidus, where they release the neurotransmitter GABA. GPe is particular in comparison to the other elements of the set by the fact that it does not work as an output base of the basal ganglia (not sending axons to the thalamus) but as the main regulator of the basal ganglia system. It is sometimes used as a target for deep brain stimulation as a treatment for Parkinson's disease. [WP,unvetted][Wikipedia:Lateral_globus_pallidus]. + BAMS:EGP + BAMS:GPe + BAMS:GPl + BAMS:LGP + BIRNLEX:1610 + BTO:0002247 + EHDAA2:0004462 + EMAPA:37638 + FMA:61839 + HBA:12897 + MA:0002767 + MBA:1022 + PBA:10099 + SCTID:361560008 + UMLS:C0262267 + Wikipedia:Lateral_globus_pallidus + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=232 + external globus pallidus + external pallidum + external part of globus pallidus + globus pallidus extermal segment + globus pallidus external segment + globus pallidus externus + globus pallidus lateralis + globus pallidus, lateral segment + lateral pallidal segment + lateral pallidum + lateral part of globus pallidus + lateral segment of globus pallidus + pallidus II + pars lateralis globi pallidi medialis + uberon + globus pallidus (rat) + globus pallidus lateral part + globus pallidus lateral segment + globus pallidus, external segment + globus pallidus, lateral part + globus pallidus, pars externa + lateral division of globus pallidus + lateral segment of the globus pallidus + nucleus lateralis globi pallidi + pallidum I + pallidum dorsal region external segment + UBERON:0002476 + + + lateral globus pallidus + lateral globus pallidus + Brain:structure.gif + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:00:32.978211 + + + + + The more lateral of the two segments of the globus pallidus, abutting the putamen. + BIRNLEX:1610 + + + + + + ABA + + + + + The lateral globus pallidus (or external, GPe) receives a strong glutamatergic projection from the subthalamic nucleus. The two form a particular system: a coupled pacemaker. The axons of the external globus pallidum go essentially to the subthalamic nucleus. They go also to other elements of the basal ganglia system, the striatum, the substantia nigra pars reticulata, and the internal globus pallidus, where they release the neurotransmitter GABA. GPe is particular in comparison to the other elements of the set by the fact that it does not work as an output base of the basal ganglia (not sending axons to the thalamus) but as the main regulator of the basal ganglia system. It is sometimes used as a target for deep brain stimulation as a treatment for Parkinson's disease. [WP,unvetted][Wikipedia:Lateral_globus_pallidus]. + Wikipedia:Lateral_globus_pallidus + + + + + EMAPA:37638 + MA:th + + + + + UMLS:C0262267 + BIRNLEX:1610 + + + + + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=232 + BIRNLEX:1610 + + + + + external pallidum + BIRNLEX:1610 + + + + + external part of globus pallidus + BIRNLEX:1610 + + + + + globus pallidus extermal segment + BIRNLEX:1610 + + + + + globus pallidus external segment + BIRNLEX:1610 + FMA:61839 + MA:0002767 + + + + + globus pallidus lateralis + BTO:0002247 + + + + + lateral pallidum + BIRNLEX:1610 + + + + + lateral segment of globus pallidus + BIRNLEX:1610 + + + + + pallidus II + FMA:61839 + + + + + pars lateralis globi pallidi medialis + FMA:61839 + FMA:TA + + + + + + globus pallidus (rat) + NeuroNames:232 + + + + + + globus pallidus lateral part + BAMS:GPl + + + + + globus pallidus lateral segment + MA:0002767 + + + + + globus pallidus, external segment + NeuroNames:232 + + + + + globus pallidus, lateral part + NeuroNames:232 + + + + + globus pallidus, pars externa + NeuroNames:232 + + + + + + lateral division of globus pallidus + NeuroNames:232 + + + + + lateral segment of the globus pallidus + NeuroNames:232 + + + + + nucleus lateralis globi pallidi + NeuroNames:232 + + + + + + pallidum I + BTO:0002247 + + + + + pallidum dorsal region external segment + BAMS:GPe + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The more medial segment of the globus pallidus. + + The medial globus pallidus (or internal, GPi) is one of the output nuclei of the basal ganglia. The GABA-containing neurons send their axons to specific nuclei of the dorsal thalamus (VA and VL), to the centromedian complex and to the pedunculopontine complex. The efferent bundle is constituted first of the ansa and fasciculus lenticularis, then crosses the internal capsule as the Edinger's comb system then arrives at the laterosuperior corner of the subthalamic nucleus and constitutes the Forel's field H2, then H, and suddenly changes its direction to form H1 that goes to the inferior part of the thalamus. The distribution of axonal islands is widespread in the lateral region of the thalamus. The innervation of the central region is done by collaterals. [WP,unvetted][Wikipedia:Medial_globus_pallidus]. + BAMS:GPi + BAMS:GPm + BAMS:IGP + BAMS:MGP + BIRNLEX:1555 + BTO:0002248 + DHBA:10344 + DMBA:15830 + EMAPA:37639 + FMA:61840 + HBA:12898 + MA:0002768 + MBA:1031 + PBA:10098 + SCTID:361562000 + UMLS:C0262283 + Wikipedia:Medial_globus_pallidus + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=233 + entopeduncular nucleus (monakow) + globus pallidus interna + globus pallidus internal segment + globus pallidus internus + globus pallidus medial segment + globus pallidus medialis + globus pallidus, medial segment + internal globus pallidus + internal pallidum + internal part of globus pallidus + medial pallidal segment + medial part of globus pallidus + medial segment of globus pallidus + mesial pallidum + pallidus I + pars medialis globi pallidi + uberon + entopeduncular nucleus + globus pallidus inernal segment + globus pallidus medial part + globus pallidus medial segment + globus pallidus pars medialis + globus pallidus, internal segment + globus pallidus, medial part + globus pallidus, pars interna + medial division of globus pallidus + medial globus pallidus (entopeduncular nucleus) + medial segment of the globus pallidus + nucleus medialis globi pallidi + pallidum I + pallidum II + pallidum dorsal region internal segment + pallidus I + principal medial geniculate nucleus + UBERON:0002477 + + See also: endopeduncular nucleus + + medial globus pallidus + medial globus pallidus + Brain:structure.gif + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:00:32.978412 + + + + + The more medial segment of the globus pallidus. + BIRNLEX:1555 + + + + + + ABA + + + + + The medial globus pallidus (or internal, GPi) is one of the output nuclei of the basal ganglia. The GABA-containing neurons send their axons to specific nuclei of the dorsal thalamus (VA and VL), to the centromedian complex and to the pedunculopontine complex. The efferent bundle is constituted first of the ansa and fasciculus lenticularis, then crosses the internal capsule as the Edinger's comb system then arrives at the laterosuperior corner of the subthalamic nucleus and constitutes the Forel's field H2, then H, and suddenly changes its direction to form H1 that goes to the inferior part of the thalamus. The distribution of axonal islands is widespread in the lateral region of the thalamus. The innervation of the central region is done by collaterals. [WP,unvetted][Wikipedia:Medial_globus_pallidus]. + Wikipedia:Medial_globus_pallidus + + + + + EMAPA:37639 + MA:th + + + + + UMLS:C0262283 + BIRNLEX:1555 + + + + + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=233 + BIRNLEX:1555 + + + + + entopeduncular nucleus (monakow) + FMA:61840 + + + + + globus pallidus interna + + + + + + globus pallidus internal segment + FMA:61840 + + + + + globus pallidus internus + FMA:61840 + + + + + globus pallidus internus + + + + + + globus pallidus medial segment + FMA:61840 + + + + + globus pallidus medialis + BTO:0002248 + + + + + globus pallidus medialis + FMA:TA + + + + + globus pallidus medialis + + + + + + globus pallidus, medial segment + FMA:61840 + + + + + internal globus pallidus + FMA:61840 + + + + + internal pallidum + BIRNLEX:1555 + + + + + internal part of globus pallidus + BIRNLEX:1555 + + + + + medial pallidal segment + FMA:61840 + + + + + medial part of globus pallidus + FMA:61840 + + + + + medial segment of globus pallidus + BIRNLEX:1555 + + + + + mesial pallidum + FMA:61840 + + + + + pallidus I + FMA:61840 + + + + + pars medialis globi pallidi + FMA:61840 + FMA:TA + + + + + + entopeduncular nucleus + MA:0002768 + + + + + globus pallidus inernal segment + MA:0002768 + + + + + globus pallidus medial part + BAMS:GPm + + + + + globus pallidus medial segment + MA:0002768 + + + + + globus pallidus pars medialis + NeuroNames:233 + + + + + + globus pallidus, internal segment + NeuroNames:233 + + + + + globus pallidus, medial part + NeuroNames:233 + + + + + globus pallidus, pars interna + NeuroNames:233 + + + + + + medial division of globus pallidus + NeuroNames:233 + + + + + medial globus pallidus (entopeduncular nucleus) + BAMS:MGP + + + + + medial segment of the globus pallidus + NeuroNames:233 + + + + + nucleus medialis globi pallidi + NeuroNames:233 + + + + + + pallidum II + BTO:0002248 + + + + + pallidum dorsal region internal segment + BAMS:GPi + + + + + principal medial geniculate nucleus + BAMS:MGP + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The branch of the internal iliac artery that supplies the uterus and the upper part of the vagina. + FMA:18829 + MA:0002799 + SCTID:244300003 + Wikipedia:Uterine_artery + uberon + arteria uterina + UBERON:0002493 + + + + uterine artery + uterine artery + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ae/Gray1170.png + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.167843 + + + + + The branch of the internal iliac artery that supplies the uterus and the upper part of the vagina. + MGI:monikat + MP:0003995 + + + + + arteria uterina + Wikipedia:Uterine_artery + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The artery which parallels the spiral ganglion in the root of the spiral lamina of the modiolus, serving the ganglion and the cochlear duct and its contents. + FMA:52312 + MA:0002824 + SCTID:149380004 + uberon + UBERON:0002505 + + + spiral modiolar artery + spiral modiolar artery + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.168363 + + + + + The artery which parallels the spiral ganglion in the root of the spiral lamina of the modiolus, serving the ganglion and the cochlear duct and its contents. + MP:0004629 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An epithelium that is part of a iris [Automatically generated definition]. + EMAPA:35447 + FMA:58517 + MA:0002826 + epithelial tissue of iris + epithelium of iris + epithelium pigmentosum (iris) + epithelium pigmentosum iridis + iris epithelial tissue + iris epithelium + pigmented epithelium of iris + uberon + iris pigmented epithelium + UBERON:0002506 + + + iris epithelium + iris epithelium + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:02:14.759358 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:02:23.716862 + + + + + An epithelium that is part of a iris [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + epithelial tissue of iris + OBOL:automatic + + + + + epithelium of iris + OBOL:automatic + + + + + epithelium pigmentosum (iris) + FMA:58517 + + + + + epithelium pigmentosum iridis + FMA:58517 + FMA:TA + + + + + + iris epithelial tissue + OBOL:automatic + + + + + iris epithelium + FMA:58517 + + + + + pigmented epithelium of iris + FMA:58517 + + + + + iris pigmented epithelium + MA:0002826 + + + + + + + + A transient endocrine gland that develops from the postovulatory or atretic follicles and secretes progesterone; it is thought to be related to egg retention[PMID]. + + maintains the endometrium in mammals[WP]. A corpus luteum is known in hagfish (100), Squalus (101), and salamander (100) but not lamprey (102). There are no data for Branchiostoma and Ciona, and given that they are multiple spawners, there is no a priori reason to conclude that they lack a corpus luteum + BTO:0000292 + CALOHA:TS-0181 + EMAPA:29886 + FMA:18619 + GAID:369 + MA:0002834 + MESH:D003338 + NCIT:C26465 + SCTID:257943001 + UMLS:C0010092 + Wikipedia:Corpus_luteum + corpora lutea + corpus luteum of ovary + ovarian corpus luteum + uberon + luteal gland + UBERON:0002512 + + + + corpus luteum + corpus luteum + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/57/Folliclesinovary.jpg + + + + + A transient endocrine gland that develops from the postovulatory or atretic follicles and secretes progesterone; it is thought to be related to egg retention[PMID]. + PMID:20959416 + Wikipedia:Corpus_luteum + + + + + + PMID:20959416 + + + + + maintains the endometrium in mammals[WP]. A corpus luteum is known in hagfish (100), Squalus (101), and salamander (100) but not lamprey (102). There are no data for Branchiostoma and Ciona, and given that they are multiple spawners, there is no a priori reason to conclude that they lack a corpus luteum + PMID:20959416 + + + + + UMLS:C0010092 + ncithesaurus:Corpus_Luteum + + + + + corpora lutea + + + + + + luteal gland + BTO:0000292 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + BAMS:LOrG + BIRNLEX:1036 + DHBA:12125 + FMA:62418 + HBA:4059 + SCTID:279195001 + UMLS:C0262268 + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=92 + uberon + gyrus orbitalis lateralis + gyrus orbitalis longitudinalis externus + UBERON:0002564 + + lateral orbital gyrus + lateral orbital gyrus + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:00:32.978403 + + + + + UMLS:C0262268 + BIRNLEX:1036 + + + + + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=92 + BIRNLEX:1036 + + + + + gyrus orbitalis lateralis + NeuroNames:92 + + + + + + gyrus orbitalis longitudinalis externus + NeuroNames:92 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + BAMS:MOrG + BIRNLEX:1046 + DHBA:12122 + FMA:62419 + HBA:4050 + SCTID:279194002 + UMLS:C0175179 + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=93 + uberon + gyrus orbitalis longitudinalis internus + gyrus orbitalis medialis + gyrus orbitalis medius + UBERON:0002570 + + medial orbital gyrus + medial orbital gyrus + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:00:32.978224 + + + + + UMLS:C0175179 + BIRNLEX:1046 + + + + + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=93 + BIRNLEX:1046 + + + + + gyrus orbitalis longitudinalis internus + NeuroNames:93 + + + + + + gyrus orbitalis medialis + NeuroNames:93 + + + + + + gyrus orbitalis medius + NeuroNames:93 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Anterior component of the temporal lobe (rostral boundary) extends caudally to the entorhinal cortex. The medial and lateral boundaries are the medial aspect of the temporal lobe and the superior or inferior temporal sulci, respectively (Christine Fennema-Notestine). + BAMS:TmP + BAMS:tmp + BIRNLEX:1055 + DHBA:12146 + FMA:74890 + HBA:4174 + SCTID:314155002 + Wikipedia:Temporal_pole + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=126 + polus temporalis + uberon + temporal pole, cerebral cortex + temporopolar cortex + UBERON:0002576 + + + temporal pole + temporal pole + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e3/Human_brain_lateral_view_description.JPG + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:00:32.978129 + + + + + Anterior component of the temporal lobe (rostral boundary) extends caudally to the entorhinal cortex. The medial and lateral boundaries are the medial aspect of the temporal lobe and the superior or inferior temporal sulci, respectively (Christine Fennema-Notestine). + BIRNLEX:1055 + + + + + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=126 + BIRNLEX:1055 + + + + + polus temporalis + NeuroNames:126 + + + + + + temporal pole, cerebral cortex + NeuroNames:126 + + + + + temporopolar cortex + BIRNLEX:1055 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Component of the parietal lobe. The appearance and disappearance of the central sulcus were the rostral and caudal boundaries of the postcentral gyrus respectively. The medial and lateral boundaries were the lateral bank of the precentral gyrus and the lateral fissure and/or the medial bank of the superior parietal gyrus respectively (Christine Fennema-Notestine). + BAMS:PoG + BIRNLEX:1070 + BTO:0004354 + DHBA:12132 + EFO:0001383 + FMA:61896 + HBA:4085 + NCIT:C33346 + SCTID:279167001 + UMLS:C0152302 + Wikipedia:Postcentral_gyrus + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=105 + gyrus postcentralis + postcentral convolution + posterior central gyrus + postrolandic gyrus + uberon + gyrus centralis posterior + post central gyrus + somatosensory cortex + UBERON:0002581 + + + + + postcentral gyrus + postcentral gyrus + Postcentral:gyrus.png + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:00:32.978124 + + + + + Component of the parietal lobe. The appearance and disappearance of the central sulcus were the rostral and caudal boundaries of the postcentral gyrus respectively. The medial and lateral boundaries were the lateral bank of the precentral gyrus and the lateral fissure and/or the medial bank of the superior parietal gyrus respectively (Christine Fennema-Notestine). + BIRNLEX:1070 + + + + + UMLS:C0152302 + BIRNLEX:1070 + + + + + UMLS:C0152302 + ncithesaurus:Postcentral_Gyrus + + + + + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=105 + BIRNLEX:1070 + + + + + gyrus postcentralis + NeuroNames:105 + + + + + + postcentral convolution + FMA:61896 + + + + + posterior central gyrus + FMA:61896 + + + + + postrolandic gyrus + FMA:61896 + + + + + gyrus centralis posterior + NeuroNames:105 + + + + + + post central gyrus + NeuroNames:105 + + + + + somatosensory cortex + Wikipedia:Postcentral_gyrus + + + + + + + + Prepyriform area (or prepiriform cortex) is a portion of the rhinencephalon consisting of paleocortex. Some sources state that it is part of the primary olfactory cortex. + + + + BIRNLEX:1097 + BM:Tel-PRP + DHBA:13229 + DHBA:266441677 + FMA:62484 + MBA:961 + SCTID:369104008 + UMLS:C0228280 + Wikipedia:Prepyriform_area + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=165 + (pre-)piriform cortex + gyrus olfactorius lateralis + lateral olfactory gyrus + piriform cortex (price) + piriform olfactory cortex + prepiriform cortex + prepyriform cortex + pyriform area + uberon + area prepiriformis + eupalaeocortex + palaeocortex II + prepiriform region + regio praepiriformis + UBERON:0002590 + + prepyriform area + prepyriform area + + + + + Prepyriform area (or prepiriform cortex) is a portion of the rhinencephalon consisting of paleocortex. Some sources state that it is part of the primary olfactory cortex. + Wikipedia:Prepyriform_area + + + + + + ABA + + + + + + ABA + + + + + + ABA + + + + + UMLS:C0228280 + BIRNLEX:1097 + + + + + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=165 + BIRNLEX:1097 + + + + + (pre-)piriform cortex + BIRNLEX:1097 + + + + + gyrus olfactorius lateralis + FMA:62484 + FMA:TA + + + + + + lateral olfactory gyrus + FMA:62484 + + + + + piriform olfactory cortex + BIRNLEX:1097 + + + + + prepiriform cortex + FMA:62484 + + + + + prepyriform cortex + FMA:62484 + + + + + pyriform area + BIRNLEX:1097 + + + + + area prepiriformis + NeuroNames:165 + + + + + + eupalaeocortex + NeuroNames:165 + + + + + + palaeocortex II + NeuroNames:165 + + + + + + prepiriform region + DHBA:266441677 + + + + + regio praepiriformis + NeuroNames:165 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + BAMS:oro + BIRNLEX:1102 + DHBA:12128 + FMA:74887 + UMLS:C0694580 + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2394 + operculum orbitale + pars orbitalis of frontal operculum (Ono) + uberon + frontal core + gigantopyramidal area 4 + precentral gigantopyramidal field + UBERON:0002593 + + orbital operculum + orbital operculum + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:00:32.978170 + + + + + UMLS:C0694580 + BIRNLEX:1102 + + + + + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2394 + BIRNLEX:1102 + + + + + operculum orbitale + FMA:74887 + FMA:TA + + + + + + pars orbitalis of frontal operculum (Ono) + FMA:74887 + FMA:TA + + + + + + frontal core + NeuroNames:2394 + + + + + gigantopyramidal area 4 + NeuroNames:2394 + + + + + precentral gigantopyramidal field + NeuroNames:2394 + + + + + + + + Part of cerebral hemisphere located on the medial surface, forming a ring around the brain stem. + BAMS:LL + BAMS:Limbic_lobe + BIRNLEX:1128 + CALOHA:TS-2061 + DHBA:12155 + FMA:72719 + HBA:4219 + SCTID:279215006 + UMLS:C0458337 + Wikipedia:Limbic_lobe + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=834 + fornicate gyrus + grande lobe limbique of Broca + limbic lobe (carpenter) + uberon + fornicate convolution + fornicate lobe + gyrus fornicatus + lobus limbicus + UBERON:0002600 + + + + limbic lobe + limbic lobe + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7e/Human_brain_inferior-medial_view_description.JPG + + + + + Part of cerebral hemisphere located on the medial surface, forming a ring around the brain stem. + BIRNLEX:1128 + + + + + UMLS:C0458337 + BIRNLEX:1128 + + + + + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=834 + BIRNLEX:1128 + + + + + fornicate gyrus + FMA:72719 + + + + + fornicate convolution + NeuroNames:834 + + + + + fornicate lobe + NeuroNames:834 + + + + + gyrus fornicatus + NeuroNames:834 + + + + + + lobus limbicus + Wikipedia:Limbic_lobe + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The paraterminal gyrus (subcallosal gyrus, peduncle of the corpus callosum) is a narrow lamina on the medial surface of the hemisphere in front of the lamina terminalis, behind the parolfactory area, and below the rostrum of the corpus callosum. It is continuous around the genu of the corpus callosum with the supracallosal gyrus. [WP,unvetted]. + BAMS:PTG + BAMS:SuCG + BIRNLEX:1138 + DHBA:12161 + FMA:61919 + HBA:4065 + UMLS:C0175231 + Wikipedia:Paraterminal_gyrus + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=171 + precommissural hippocampus + subcallosal gyrus + uberon + gyrus paraterminalis + gyrus subcallosus + hippocampus praecommissuralis + hippocampus precommissuralis + paraterminal body (Noback) + peduncle of the corpus callosum + UBERON:0002603 + + + paraterminal gyrus + paraterminal gyrus + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4d/Gray732.png + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:00:32.978134 + + + + + The paraterminal gyrus (subcallosal gyrus, peduncle of the corpus callosum) is a narrow lamina on the medial surface of the hemisphere in front of the lamina terminalis, behind the parolfactory area, and below the rostrum of the corpus callosum. It is continuous around the genu of the corpus callosum with the supracallosal gyrus. [WP,unvetted]. + Wikipedia:Paraterminal_gyrus + + + + + UMLS:C0175231 + BIRNLEX:1138 + + + + + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=171 + BIRNLEX:1138 + + + + + precommissural hippocampus + FMA:61919 + + + + + subcallosal gyrus + FMA:61919 + + + + + gyrus paraterminalis + Wikipedia:Paraterminal_gyrus + + + + + + gyrus subcallosus + Wikipedia:Paraterminal_gyrus + + + + + + hippocampus praecommissuralis + NeuroNames:171 + + + + + + hippocampus precommissuralis + NeuroNames:171 + + + + + + paraterminal body (Noback) + NeuroNames:171 + + + + + peduncle of the corpus callosum + NeuroNames:171 + + + + + + + + + Synonym for macrodissected adult human tegmentum (Vicq d'Azyr, 1784; Swanson, 2000); pp. 555-556. Later used thus by for example His (1893b, p. 178), Herrick (1915, p. 160), Strong & Elwyn (1943, p. 17), Carpenter (1976, p. 367), Williams & Warwick (1980, p. 935). + CP + BAMS:cpd + BIRNLEX:1202 + BM:CP + BTO:0004676 + EFO:0001987 + FMA:62394 + MBA:924 + NCIT:C32291 + SCTID:362391000 + UMLS:C0007793 + Wikipedia:Cerebral_peduncle + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=487 + cerebral peduncle + peduncle of midbrain + pedunculus cerebri + uberon + cerebal peduncle + cerebral peduncle (archaic) + pedunculi cerebri + pedunculus cerebralis + pedunculus cerebri + tegmentum + UBERON:0002623 + + + Neuronames includes the substantia nigra, crus cerebri and midbrain tegmentum as substructures of the cerebral peduncle; the mouse atlases only include the crus cerebri as the cerebral peduncle (MM) + + cerebral peduncle + cerebral peduncle + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e9/Gray689.png + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:00:28.561154 + + + + + Synonym for macrodissected adult human tegmentum (Vicq d'Azyr, 1784; Swanson, 2000); pp. 555-556. Later used thus by for example His (1893b, p. 178), Herrick (1915, p. 160), Strong & Elwyn (1943, p. 17), Carpenter (1976, p. 367), Williams & Warwick (1980, p. 935). + BIRNLEX:1202 + + + + + CP + BIRNLEX:1202 + NIFSTD:NeuroNames_abbrevSource + + + + + + UMLS:C0007793 + BIRNLEX:1202 + + + + + UMLS:C0007793 + ncithesaurus:Cerebral_Peduncle + + + + + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=487 + BIRNLEX:1202 + + + + + cerebral peduncle + FMA:62394 + + + + + peduncle of midbrain + FMA:62394 + + + + + pedunculus cerebri + FMA:62394 + FMA:TA + + + + + + cerebal peduncle + NeuroNames:487 + + + + + cerebral peduncle (archaic) + NeuroNames:487 + + + + + pedunculi cerebri + NeuroNames:487 + + + + + + pedunculus cerebralis + NeuroNames:487 + + + + + + pedunculus cerebri + Wikipedia:Cerebral_peduncle + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Component of the inferior frontal gyrus.defined as the first gyrus from the precentral gyrus.the remainder of the inferior frontal gyrus once the pars opercularis and triangularis have been defined (Christine Fennema-Notestine)., NeuroNames. + pars orbitalis, inferior frontal gyrus + BAMS:IFGOr + BAMS:OrIFG + BIRNLEX:1207 + DHBA:12120 + FMA:61982 + HBA:4044 + NCIT:C33221 + UMLS:C0262300 + Wikipedia:Orbital_part_of_inferior_frontal_gyrus + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2410 + gyrus frontalis inferior, pars orbitalis + inferior frontal gyrus, orbital part + pars orbitalis gyri frontalis inferioris + uberon + brodmann's area 36 + UBERON:0002624 + + orbital part of inferior frontal gyrus + orbital part of inferior frontal gyrus + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:00:32.978157 + + + + + Component of the inferior frontal gyrus.defined as the first gyrus from the precentral gyrus.the remainder of the inferior frontal gyrus once the pars opercularis and triangularis have been defined (Christine Fennema-Notestine)., NeuroNames. + BIRNLEX:1207 + + + + + pars orbitalis, inferior frontal gyrus + http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6755-0259 + + + + + UMLS:C0262300 + BIRNLEX:1207 + + + + + UMLS:C0262300 + ncithesaurus:Orbital_Part_of_the_Inferior_Frontal_Gyrus + + + + + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2410 + BIRNLEX:1207 + + + + + gyrus frontalis inferior, pars orbitalis + FMA:61982 + FMA:TA + + + + + + inferior frontal gyrus, orbital part + FMA:61982 + + + + + pars orbitalis gyri frontalis inferioris + BIRNLEX:1207 + + + + + brodmann's area 36 + NeuroNames:2410 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Component of the inferior frontal gyrus.defined as the second gyrus from the precentral gyrus (Christine Fennema-Notestine). + BAMS:IFGTr + BAMS:TrIFG + BIRNLEX:1216 + DHBA:12118 + FMA:61980 + HBA:4038 + NCIT:C33811 + UMLS:C0262350 + Wikipedia:Triangular_part_of_inferior_frontal_gyrus + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=86 + gyrus frontalis inferior, pars triangularis + pars triangularis + pars triangularis gyri frontalis inferioris + pars triangularis of frontal operculum (Ono) + uberon + inferior frontal gyrus, pars triangularis + inferior frontal gyrus, triangular part + UBERON:0002629 + + triangular part of inferior frontal gyrus + riangular part of inferior frontal gyrus + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:00:32.978301 + + + + + Component of the inferior frontal gyrus.defined as the second gyrus from the precentral gyrus (Christine Fennema-Notestine). + BIRNLEX:1216 + + + + + UMLS:C0262350 + BIRNLEX:1216 + + + + + UMLS:C0262350 + ncithesaurus:Triangular_Part_of_the_Inferior_Frontal_Gyrus + + + + + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=86 + BIRNLEX:1216 + + + + + gyrus frontalis inferior, pars triangularis + FMA:61980 + FMA:TA + + + + + + pars triangularis + FMA:61980 + FMA:TA + + + + + + pars triangularis gyri frontalis inferioris + BIRNLEX:1216 + + + + + pars triangularis of frontal operculum (Ono) + FMA:61980 + FMA:TA + + + + + + inferior frontal gyrus, pars triangularis + http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6755-0259 + + + + + inferior frontal gyrus, triangular part + BAMS:IFGTr + + + + + + + + + + + + + + BAMS:IOrG + BIRNLEX:1247 + FMA:80183 + OldNeuroNames:-1278177547 + uberon + UBERON:0002644 + + intermediate orbital gyrus + intermediate orbital gyrus + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:00:32.978188 + + + + + OldNeuroNames:-1278177547 + BIRNLEX:1247 + + + + + + + + + Part of the lateral ventricle that extends anteriorly into the frontal lobes, bordered by the head of the caudate nucleus on the lateral side (Adapted from Heimer, 1996). + BAMS:FLV + BIRNLEX:1279 + DHBA:10597 + EMAPA:17770 + FMA:74520 + NCIT:C32637 + SCTID:279247001 + UMLS:C0152281 + UMLS:C1281033 + Wikipedia:Anterior_horn_of_lateral_ventricle + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=220 + anterior horn of lateral ventricle + cornu anterius (ventriculi lateralis) + cornu anterius ventriculi lateralis + cornu frontale (ventriculi lateralis) + cornu frontale ventriculi lateralis + frontal horn of lateral ventricle + ventriculus lateralis, cornu anterius + uberon + cornu anterius + UBERON:0002651 + + + anterior horn of lateral ventricle + anterior horn of lateral ventricle + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b7/Gray735.png + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:00:28.561240 + + + + + Part of the lateral ventricle that extends anteriorly into the frontal lobes, bordered by the head of the caudate nucleus on the lateral side (Adapted from Heimer, 1996). + BIRNLEX:1279 + + + + + UMLS:C0152281 + ncithesaurus:Frontal_Horn_of_the_Lateral_Ventricle + + + + + UMLS:C1281033 + BIRNLEX:1279 + + + + + anterior horn of lateral ventricle + FMA:74520 + + + + + cornu anterius (ventriculi lateralis) + FMA:74520 + FMA:TA + + + + + + cornu anterius ventriculi lateralis + FMA:74520 + FMA:TA + + + + + + cornu frontale (ventriculi lateralis) + FMA:74520 + FMA:TA + + + + + + cornu frontale ventriculi lateralis + FMA:74520 + FMA:TA + + + + + + frontal horn of lateral ventricle + FMA:74520 + + + + + ventriculus lateralis, cornu anterius + FMA:74520 + FMA:TA + + + + + + cornu anterius + Wikipedia:Anterior_horn_of_lateral_ventricle + + + + + + + + + + Part of lateral ventricle consisting of the central portion that lies dorsally, bounded by the thalamus on the ventral side (Adapted from Heimer, 1996). + The body of lateral ventricle (cella) extends from the interventricular foramen to the splenium of the corpus callosum. It is an irregularly curved cavity, triangular on transverse section, with a roof, a floor, and a medial wall. The roof is formed by the under surface of the corpus callosum; the floor by the following parts, enumerated in their order of position, from before backward: the caudate nucleus of the corpus striatum, the stria terminalis and the terminal vein, the lateral portion of the upper surface of the thalamus, the choroid plexus, and the lateral part of the fornix; the medial wall is the posterior part of the septum pellucidum, which separates it from the opposite ventricle. [WP,unvetted][Wikipedia:Body_of_lateral_ventricle]. + BIRNLEX:1287 + DHBA:10598 + FMA:83703 + NCIT:C32218 + SCTID:279246005 + UMLS:C0152280 + Wikipedia:Body_of_lateral_ventricle + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=221 + central part of lateral ventricle + corpus ventriculi lateralis + lateral ventricular body + pars centralis (ventriculi lateralis) + pars centralis ventriculi lateralis + ventriculus lateralis, corpus + ventriculus lateralis, pars centralis + uberon + pars centralis ventriculi lateralis + UBERON:0002655 + + + body of lateral ventricle + body of lateral ventricle + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b7/Gray735.png + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:00:28.561212 + + + + + Part of lateral ventricle consisting of the central portion that lies dorsally, bounded by the thalamus on the ventral side (Adapted from Heimer, 1996). + BIRNLEX:1287 + + + + + The body of lateral ventricle (cella) extends from the interventricular foramen to the splenium of the corpus callosum. It is an irregularly curved cavity, triangular on transverse section, with a roof, a floor, and a medial wall. The roof is formed by the under surface of the corpus callosum; the floor by the following parts, enumerated in their order of position, from before backward: the caudate nucleus of the corpus striatum, the stria terminalis and the terminal vein, the lateral portion of the upper surface of the thalamus, the choroid plexus, and the lateral part of the fornix; the medial wall is the posterior part of the septum pellucidum, which separates it from the opposite ventricle. [WP,unvetted][Wikipedia:Body_of_lateral_ventricle]. + Wikipedia:Body_of_lateral_ventricle + + + + + UMLS:C0152280 + BIRNLEX:1287 + + + + + UMLS:C0152280 + ncithesaurus:Body_of_the_Lateral_Ventricle + + + + + central part of lateral ventricle + FMA:83703 + + + + + corpus ventriculi lateralis + FMA:83703 + FMA:TA + + + + + + lateral ventricular body + FMA:83703 + + + + + pars centralis (ventriculi lateralis) + FMA:83703 + FMA:TA + + + + + + pars centralis ventriculi lateralis + FMA:83703 + FMA:TA + + + + + + ventriculus lateralis, corpus + FMA:83703 + FMA:TA + + + + + + ventriculus lateralis, pars centralis + FMA:83703 + FMA:TA + + + + + + pars centralis ventriculi lateralis + Wikipedia:Body_of_lateral_ventricle + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The posterior parahippocampal gyrus is a portion of the parahippocampal gyrus. It can show deterioration in Alzheimer's disease. + pHp + BAMS:PPHG + BIRNLEX:1295 + DHBA:12164 + FMA:67966 + UMLS:C0694597 + Wikipedia:Posterior_parahippocampal_gyrus + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=169 + parahippocampal gyrus (amaral) + parahippocampal gyrus (insausti) + uberon + gyrus parahippocampalis, pars posterior + parahippocampal gyrus, posterior division + UBERON:0002657 + + posterior parahippocampal gyrus + posterior parahippocampal gyrus + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:00:32.978416 + + + + + The posterior parahippocampal gyrus is a portion of the parahippocampal gyrus. It can show deterioration in Alzheimer's disease. + Wikipedia:Posterior_parahippocampal_gyrus + + + + + pHp + FMA:67966 + FMA:CMA + + + + + + UMLS:C0694597 + BIRNLEX:1295 + + + + + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=169 + BIRNLEX:1295 + + + + + parahippocampal gyrus (insausti) + BIRNLEX:1295 + + + + + gyrus parahippocampalis, pars posterior + NeuroNames:169 + + + + + + parahippocampal gyrus, posterior division + http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6755-0259 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Component of the frontal lobe, lateral aspect. The rostral boundary is the first appearance of the superior frontal sulcus whereas the caudal boundary is the midpoint of the paracentral sulcus on the 'inflated' surface. The medial and lateral boundaries are the medial aspect of the frontal lobe and the superior frontal sulcus respectively (Christine Fennema-Notestine). + BAMS:SFG + BIRNLEX:1303 + BTO:0004836 + DHBA:12115 + EFO:0001991 + FMA:61857 + HBA:4021 + NCIT:C33674 + SCTID:279166005 + UMLS:C0152296 + Wikipedia:Superior_frontal_gyrus + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=83 + marginal gyrus + superior frontal convolution + uberon + gyrus F1 + gyrus frontalis primus + gyrus frontalis superior + UBERON:0002661 + + + + superior frontal gyrus + superior frontal gyrus + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/50/Superior_frontal_gyrus.png + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:00:32.978118 + + + + + Component of the frontal lobe, lateral aspect. The rostral boundary is the first appearance of the superior frontal sulcus whereas the caudal boundary is the midpoint of the paracentral sulcus on the 'inflated' surface. The medial and lateral boundaries are the medial aspect of the frontal lobe and the superior frontal sulcus respectively (Christine Fennema-Notestine). + BIRNLEX:1303 + + + + + UMLS:C0152296 + BIRNLEX:1303 + + + + + UMLS:C0152296 + ncithesaurus:Superior_Frontal_Convolution + + + + + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=83 + BIRNLEX:1303 + + + + + marginal gyrus + FMA:61857 + + + + + superior frontal convolution + FMA:61857 + + + + + gyrus F1 + NeuroNames:83 + + + + + + gyrus frontalis primus + NeuroNames:83 + + + + + + gyrus frontalis superior + Wikipedia:Superior_frontal_gyrus + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Component of the frontal lobe, lateral aspect (Christine Fennema-Notestine). + BAMS:MFG + BIRNLEX:1451 + BTO:0004834 + DHBA:12116 + FMA:61859 + HBA:4028 + NCIT:C33118 + SCTID:362332009 + UMLS:C0152297 + Wikipedia:Middle_frontal_gyrus + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=84 + ncithesaurus:Middle_Frontal_Gyrus + gyrus frontalis medialis + intermediate frontal gyrus + medial frontal gyrus + uberon + gyrus F2 + gyrus frontalis medialis (Winters) + gyrus frontalis medius + gyrus frontalis secundus + medial frontal gyrus (Mai) + middle (medial) frontal gyrus + UBERON:0002702 + + + middle frontal gyrus + middle frontal gyrus + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7f/Middle_frontal_gyrus.png + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:00:32.978229 + + + + + Component of the frontal lobe, lateral aspect (Christine Fennema-Notestine). + BIRNLEX:1451 + + + + + UMLS:C0152297 + BIRNLEX:1451 + + + + + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=84 + BIRNLEX:1451 + + + + + gyrus frontalis medialis + FMA:61859 + FMA:TA + + + + + + intermediate frontal gyrus + FMA:61859 + + + + + medial frontal gyrus + FMA:61859 + + + + + gyrus F2 + NeuroNames:84 + + + + + + gyrus frontalis medialis (Winters) + NeuroNames:84 + + + + + + gyrus frontalis medius + Wikipedia:Middle_frontal_gyrus + + + + + + gyrus frontalis secundus + NeuroNames:84 + + + + + + medial frontal gyrus (Mai) + NeuroNames:84 + + + + + middle (medial) frontal gyrus + BAMS:MFG + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Component of the frontal lobe. The appearance and disappearance of the central sulcus is the rostral and caudal boundaries of the precentral gyrus respectively. The medial boundary is specific frontal gyri (superior, middle and inferior) whereas the lateral boundary is the medial bank of the central sulcus (Christine Fennema-Notestine). + BAMS:PrG + BIRNLEX:1455 + DHBA:12114 + EFO:0001373 + FMA:61894 + HBA:4010 + NCIT:C33393 + UMLS:C0152299 + Wikipedia:Precentral_gyrus + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=89 + precentral convolution + prerolandic gyrus + uberon + anterior central gyrus + gyrus centralis anterior + gyrus praecentralis + motor cortex (Noback) + UBERON:0002703 + + + + + precentral gyrus + precentral gyrus + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/eb/Ba4.png + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:00:32.978385 + + + + + Component of the frontal lobe. The appearance and disappearance of the central sulcus is the rostral and caudal boundaries of the precentral gyrus respectively. The medial boundary is specific frontal gyri (superior, middle and inferior) whereas the lateral boundary is the medial bank of the central sulcus (Christine Fennema-Notestine). + BIRNLEX:1455 + + + + + UMLS:C0152299 + BIRNLEX:1455 + + + + + UMLS:C0152299 + ncithesaurus:Precentral_Gyrus + + + + + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=89 + BIRNLEX:1455 + + + + + precentral convolution + FMA:61894 + + + + + prerolandic gyrus + FMA:61894 + + + + + anterior central gyrus + NeuroNames:89 + + + + + gyrus centralis anterior + NeuroNames:89 + + + + + + gyrus praecentralis + NeuroNames:89 + + + + + + motor cortex (Noback) + NeuroNames:89 + + + + + + + + The corticospinal fibers that arise from the pyramidal cells within the cerebral cortex layer V of the precentral motor area, the premotor area and the postcentral gyrus, then descend into and through the medulla to form the lateral corticospinal tract and the anterior corticospinal tract. + UBERON:0004095 + pyramidal tract + BAMS:P + BIRNLEX:1464 + BM:CST + BM:Me-PyT + DHBA:12776 + DMBA:17756 + EMAPA:36600 + FMA:72634 + GAID:702 + HBA:265505574 + MBA:190 + MBA:784 + MESH:D011712 + SCTID:362325000 + UMLS:C0034229 + Wikipedia:Corticospinal_tract + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1320 + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=800 + corticospinal fibers + fasciculus cerebro-spinalis + fasciculus pyramidalis + fibrae corticospinales + pyramid (Willis) + tractus cortico-spinalis + tractus corticospinalis + tractus pyramidalis + uberon + UBERON:0002707 + + + + corticospinal tract + corticospinal tract + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ac/Gray684.png + + + + + The corticospinal fibers that arise from the pyramidal cells within the cerebral cortex layer V of the precentral motor area, the premotor area and the postcentral gyrus, then descend into and through the medulla to form the lateral corticospinal tract and the anterior corticospinal tract. + ISBN:0-683-40008-8 + MP:0002878 + + + + + pyramidal tract + BIRNLEX:1464 + MP:0002878 + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1320 + + + + + + UMLS:C0034229 + BIRNLEX:1464 + + + + + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=800 + BIRNLEX:1464 + + + + + corticospinal fibers + NeuroNames:1320 + + + + + fasciculus cerebro-spinalis + NeuroNames:1320 + + + + + + fasciculus pyramidalis + NeuroNames:800 + + + + + + fibrae corticospinales + NeuroNames:1320 + + + + + + pyramid (Willis) + NeuroNames:800 + + + + + tractus cortico-spinalis + NeuroNames:1320 + + + + + + tractus corticospinalis + NeuroNames:1320 + + + + + + tractus corticospinalis + Wikipedia:Corticospinal_tract + + + + + + tractus pyramidalis + NeuroNames:800 + + + + + + + + + Component of the cingulate cortex. The rostral and caudal boundaries were the posterior division of the cingulate cortex and the parahippocampal gyrus respectively. The medial and lateral boundaries were the medial wall (area unknown) and the precuneus respectively (Christine Fennema-Notestine). + BAMS:ICG + BAMS:ICgG + BIRNLEX:1541 + FMA:62502 + UMLS:C0175192 + Wikipedia:Isthmus_of_cingulate_gyrus + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=163 + cingulate gyrus isthmus + isthmus of fornicate gyrus + isthmus of limbic lobe + uberon + isthmus cinguli + isthmus gyri cingulatus + isthmus gyri cinguli + isthmus of cingulate cortex + isthmus of gyrus fornicatus + isthmus of the cingulate gyrus + isthmus-2 + UBERON:0002738 + + isthmus of cingulate gyrus + isthmus of cingulate gyrus + + + + + Component of the cingulate cortex. The rostral and caudal boundaries were the posterior division of the cingulate cortex and the parahippocampal gyrus respectively. The medial and lateral boundaries were the medial wall (area unknown) and the precuneus respectively (Christine Fennema-Notestine). + BIRNLEX:1541 + + + + + UMLS:C0175192 + BIRNLEX:1541 + + + + + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=163 + BIRNLEX:1541 + + + + + cingulate gyrus isthmus + FMA:62502 + + + + + isthmus of fornicate gyrus + FMA:62502 + + + + + isthmus of limbic lobe + FMA:62502 + + + + + isthmus cinguli + NeuroNames:163 + + + + + + isthmus gyri cingulatus + NeuroNames:163 + + + + + + isthmus gyri cinguli + NeuroNames:163 + + + + + + isthmus of cingulate cortex + BIRNLEX:1541 + + + + + isthmus of gyrus fornicatus + NeuroNames:163 + + + + + + isthmus of the cingulate gyrus + NeuroNames:163 + + + + + isthmus-2 + NeuroNames:163 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The posterior cingulate cortex is the backmost part of the cingulate cortex, lying behind the anterior cingulate cortex. This is the upper part of the 'limbic lobe'. The cingulate cortex is made up of an area around the midline of the brain. Surrounding areas include the retrosplenial cortex and the precuneus. Cytoarchitectonically posterior cingulate cortex is associated with Brodmann areas 23 and 31. [WP,unvetted]. + PCgG + cGp + BAMS:PCgG + BIRNLEX:1546 + FMA:61924 + UMLS:C0175191 + Wikipedia:Posterior_cingulate_gyrus + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=162 + uberon + gyrus cinguli posterior + gyrus limbicus posterior + posterior cingulate + UBERON:0002740 + + + posterior cingulate gyrus + posterior cingulate gyrus + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fe/Gray727.svg + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:00:32.978335 + + + + + The posterior cingulate cortex is the backmost part of the cingulate cortex, lying behind the anterior cingulate cortex. This is the upper part of the 'limbic lobe'. The cingulate cortex is made up of an area around the midline of the brain. Surrounding areas include the retrosplenial cortex and the precuneus. Cytoarchitectonically posterior cingulate cortex is associated with Brodmann areas 23 and 31. [WP,unvetted]. + Wikipedia:Posterior_cingulate_gyrus + + + + + PCgG + BIRNLEX:1546 + NIFSTD:NeuroNames_abbrevSource + + + + + + cGp + FMA:61924 + FMA:CMA + + + + + + UMLS:C0175191 + BIRNLEX:1546 + + + + + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=162 + BIRNLEX:1546 + + + + + gyrus cinguli posterior + NeuroNames:162 + + + + + + gyrus limbicus posterior + NeuroNames:162 + + + + + + posterior cingulate + NeuroNames:162 + + + + + + + + A region of the brain consisting of ventral and rostral subcortical regions of the telencephalon, including among others, the basal ganglia, septal nuclei, amygdala, ventral pallidum, substantia innominata, and basal nucleus of Meynert. + BAMS:Basal_forebrain + BIRNLEX:1560 + BM:Tel-BF + BTO:0002444 + DHBA:10349 + EMAPA:35164 + FMA:77700 + HBA:4300 + PBA:128012976 + Wikipedia:Basal_forebrain + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1997 + uberon + basal forebrain area + pars basalis telencephali + UBERON:0002743 + + + basal forebrain + basal forebrain + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a4/Basal_Forebrain_Monakhos_2007.png + + + + + A region of the brain consisting of ventral and rostral subcortical regions of the telencephalon, including among others, the basal ganglia, septal nuclei, amygdala, ventral pallidum, substantia innominata, and basal nucleus of Meynert. + BIRNLEX:1560 + + + + + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1997 + BIRNLEX:1560 + + + + + basal forebrain area + NeuroNames:1997 + + + + + pars basalis telencephali + Wikipedia:Basal_forebrain + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Component of the temporal lobe, lateral aspect. The rostral boundary is the rostral extent of the inferior temporal sulcus whereas the caudal boundary is designated as the temporo-occipital incisure on the cortical surface. The occipitotemporal sulcus is the medial boundary and the inferior temporal sulcus is the lateral boundary (Christine Fennema-Notestine). + BAMS:ITG + BIRNLEX:1577 + BM:Tel-ITG + DHBA:12142 + FMA:61907 + HBA:4147 + NCIT:C32791 + SCTID:279191005 + Wikipedia:Inferior_temporal_gyrus + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=138 + ncithesaurus:Inferior_Temporal_Gyrus + gyrus temporalis inferior + lateral occipitotemporal gyrus (heimer-83) + uberon + IT cortex + gyrus temporalis inferior + inferotemporal cortex + UBERON:0002751 + + + inferior temporal gyrus + inferior temporal gyrus + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/35/Gray726.png + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:00:32.978266 + + + + + Component of the temporal lobe, lateral aspect. The rostral boundary is the rostral extent of the inferior temporal sulcus whereas the caudal boundary is designated as the temporo-occipital incisure on the cortical surface. The occipitotemporal sulcus is the medial boundary and the inferior temporal sulcus is the lateral boundary (Christine Fennema-Notestine). + BIRNLEX:1577 + + + + + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=138 + BIRNLEX:1577 + + + + + gyrus temporalis inferior + BIRNLEX:1577 + + + + + IT cortex + Wikipedia:Inferior_temporal_gyrus + + + + + + gyrus temporalis inferior + Wikipedia:Inferior_temporal_gyrus + + + + + + inferotemporal cortex + Wikipedia:Inferior_temporal_gyrus + + + + + + + + + + + + + + cGa + cingulate gyrus, anterior division + BAMS:ACgG + BIRNLEX:1603 + FMA:61916 + UMLS:C0175190 + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=161 + uberon + anterior cingulate + cortex cingularis anterior + gyrus cinguli anterior + gyrus limbicus anterior + UBERON:0002756 + + + anterior cingulate gyrus + anterior cingulate gyrus + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/22/Gray727_anterior_cingulate_cortex.png + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:00:32.978247 + + + + + cGa + FMA:61916 + FMA:CMA + + + + + + cingulate gyrus, anterior division + http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6755-0259 + + + + + UMLS:C0175190 + BIRNLEX:1603 + + + + + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=161 + BIRNLEX:1603 + + + + + anterior cingulate + NeuroNames:161 + + + + + cortex cingularis anterior + NeuroNames:161 + + + + + + gyrus cinguli anterior + NeuroNames:161 + + + + + + gyrus limbicus anterior + NeuroNames:161 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Component of the temporal lobe, lateral aspect. The rostral boundary is the rostral extent of the ssuperior temporal sulcus. The caudal boundary is the cauday portion of the superior temporal gyrus (posterior to becoming continuous with the supramarginal gyrus). The medial boundary is the lateral fissure (and when present the supramarginal gyrus), and the lateral boundary is the superior temporal suclus (Christine Fennema-Notestine). + BAMS:STG + BIRNLEX:1648 + BM:Tel-STG + DHBA:12140 + EFO:0001944 + FMA:61905 + HBA:4133 + NCIT:C33698 + SCTID:362345008 + UMLS:C0152309 + Wikipedia:Superior_temporal_gyrus + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=136 + ncithesaurus:Superior_Temporal_Gyrus + gyrus temporalis superior + uberon + gyrus temporalis superior + UBERON:0002769 + + + + + superior temporal gyrus + superior temporal gyrus + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1d/Superior_temporal_gyrus.png + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:00:32.978372 + + + + + Component of the temporal lobe, lateral aspect. The rostral boundary is the rostral extent of the ssuperior temporal sulcus. The caudal boundary is the cauday portion of the superior temporal gyrus (posterior to becoming continuous with the supramarginal gyrus). The medial boundary is the lateral fissure (and when present the supramarginal gyrus), and the lateral boundary is the superior temporal suclus (Christine Fennema-Notestine). + BIRNLEX:1648 + + + + + UMLS:C0152309 + BIRNLEX:1648 + + + + + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=136 + BIRNLEX:1648 + + + + + gyrus temporalis superior + BIRNLEX:1648 + + + + + gyrus temporalis superior + Wikipedia:Superior_temporal_gyrus + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Component of the temporal lobe, lateral aspect. The rostral boundary is the rostral extent of the superior temporal sulcus whereas the caudal boundary is the temporo-occipital incisure on the cortical surface. The superior temporal sulcus is the medial boundary and the inferior temporal sulcus is the lateral boundary (Christine Fennema-Notestine). + BAMS:MTG + BIRNLEX:1653 + DHBA:12141 + EFO:0002466 + FMA:61906 + HBA:4140 + NCIT:C33125 + SCTID:279190006 + UMLS:C0152310 + Wikipedia:Middle_temporal_gyrus + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=137 + ncithesaurus:Middle_Temporal_Gyrus + gyrus temporalis medius + intermediate temporal gyrus + uberon + inferior temporal gyrus (Seltzer) + medial temporal gyrus + middle (medial) temporal gyrus + UBERON:0002771 + + + + middle temporal gyrus + middle temporal gyrus + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/49/WOROI_60_loc.png + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:00:32.978367 + + + + + Component of the temporal lobe, lateral aspect. The rostral boundary is the rostral extent of the superior temporal sulcus whereas the caudal boundary is the temporo-occipital incisure on the cortical surface. The superior temporal sulcus is the medial boundary and the inferior temporal sulcus is the lateral boundary (Christine Fennema-Notestine). + BIRNLEX:1653 + + + + + UMLS:C0152310 + BIRNLEX:1653 + + + + + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=137 + BIRNLEX:1653 + + + + + gyrus temporalis medius + BIRNLEX:1653 + + + + + intermediate temporal gyrus + FMA:61906 + + + + + inferior temporal gyrus (Seltzer) + NeuroNames:137 + + + + + medial temporal gyrus + Wikipedia:Middle_temporal_gyrus + + + + + middle (medial) temporal gyrus + BAMS:MTG + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Component of the frontal lobe. The rostral and caudal boundaries of the frontal pole are the superior frontal gyrus and the rostral division of the middle frontal gyrus respectively (Christine Fennama-Notestine). + BAMS:FRP + BAMS:FrP + BAMS:frp + BIRNLEX:1716 + DHBA:146034888 + FMA:74885 + HBA:4888 + MBA:184 + SCTID:314144002 + UMLS:C0149546 + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=57 + frontal pole + polus frontalis + uberon + frontal pole, cerebral cortex + UBERON:0002795 + + + frontal pole + frontal pole + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e3/Human_brain_lateral_view_description.JPG + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:00:32.978275 + + + + + Component of the frontal lobe. The rostral and caudal boundaries of the frontal pole are the superior frontal gyrus and the rostral division of the middle frontal gyrus respectively (Christine Fennama-Notestine). + BIRNLEX:1716 + + + + + UMLS:C0149546 + BIRNLEX:1716 + + + + + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=57 + BIRNLEX:1716 + + + + + frontal pole + FMA:74885 + + + + + polus frontalis + NeuroNames:57 + + + + + + frontal pole, cerebral cortex + BAMS:FRP + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The anterior end of the hemisphere is named the frontal pole. The posterior end is named the occipital pole. The anterior end of the temporal lobe, the temporal pole. [WP,unvetted]. + OCP + BAMS:OCP + BAMS:OcP + BAMS:ocp + BIRNLEX:4016 + BTO:0001868 + DHBA:12149 + FMA:74892 + HBA:4181 + SCTID:314160003 + UMLS:C0228217 + Wikipedia:Occipital_pole + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=141 + polus occipitalis + uberon + polus occipitalis cerebri + UBERON:0002902 + + + occipital pole + occipital pole + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e3/Human_brain_lateral_view_description.JPG + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:00:32.978271 + + + + + The anterior end of the hemisphere is named the frontal pole. The posterior end is named the occipital pole. The anterior end of the temporal lobe, the temporal pole. [WP,unvetted]. + Wikipedia:Occipital_pole + + + + + OCP + BIRNLEX:4016 + NIFSTD:NeuroNames_abbrevSource + + + + + + UMLS:C0228217 + BIRNLEX:4016 + + + + + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=141 + BIRNLEX:4016 + + + + + polus occipitalis + BIRNLEX:4016 + + + + + + polus occipitalis cerebri + BTO:0001868 + + + + + + + + The parietal operculum, forming the superior bank of the sylvian fissure, as studied in the cat, contains the secondary somatosensory representation, 'S-II', and a second somatotopic representation (parietal ventral, or PV). Anatomically, primate S-II receives inputs from area 3 and area 1, and projects to PV and area 7. PV has projections to area 5 and premotor areas. [WP,unvetted]. + PAO + BAMS:PaOp + BAMS:pao + BIRNLEX:4029 + DHBA:13230 + FMA:74889 + SCTID:362353000 + UMLS:C0228265 + UMLS:C1284612 + Wikipedia:Parietal_operculum + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=96 + operculum parietale + uberon + UBERON:0002911 + + + parietal operculum + parietal operculum + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b3/Operculum.png + + + + + The parietal operculum, forming the superior bank of the sylvian fissure, as studied in the cat, contains the secondary somatosensory representation, 'S-II', and a second somatotopic representation (parietal ventral, or PV). Anatomically, primate S-II receives inputs from area 3 and area 1, and projects to PV and area 7. PV has projections to area 5 and premotor areas. [WP,unvetted]. + Wikipedia:Parietal_operculum + + + + + PAO + BIRNLEX:4029 + NIFSTD:NeuroNames_abbrevSource + + + + + + UMLS:C0228265 + BIRNLEX:4029 + + + + + UMLS:C1284612 + BIRNLEX:4029 + + + + + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=96 + BIRNLEX:4029 + + + + + operculum parietale + BIRNLEX:4029 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Component of the occipital lobe. The rostral boundary of the lingual gyrus was the posterior extent of the parahippocampal gyrus whereas the caudal boundary was the most posterior coronal slice where the gyrus could be visualized. The medial and lateral boundaries were the medial portion of the temporal and occipital cortices and the medial bank of the collateral sulcus respectively (Christine Fennema-Notestine). + BAMS:LgG + BAMS:LiG + BAMS:MOTG + BIRNLEX:740 + DHBA:12151 + FMA:61904 + HBA:4191 + SCTID:279203007 + UMLS:C0152308 + Wikipedia:Lingual_gyrus + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=158 + gyrus occipitotemporalis medialis + lingula of cerebral hemisphere + medial occipitotemporal gyrus + medial occipitotemporal gyrus-2 + uberon + gyrus lingualis + medial occipito-temporal gyrus + UBERON:0002943 + + + lingual gyrus + lingual gyrus + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a1/Gray727_lingual_gyrus.png + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:00:32.978344 + + + + + Component of the occipital lobe. The rostral boundary of the lingual gyrus was the posterior extent of the parahippocampal gyrus whereas the caudal boundary was the most posterior coronal slice where the gyrus could be visualized. The medial and lateral boundaries were the medial portion of the temporal and occipital cortices and the medial bank of the collateral sulcus respectively (Christine Fennema-Notestine). + BIRNLEX:740 + + + + + UMLS:C0152308 + BIRNLEX:740 + + + + + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=158 + BIRNLEX:740 + + + + + gyrus occipitotemporalis medialis + FMA:61904 + FMA:TA + + + + + + lingula of cerebral hemisphere + FMA:61904 + + + + + medial occipitotemporal gyrus + FMA:61904 + + + + + medial occipitotemporal gyrus-2 + FMA:61904 + + + + + gyrus lingualis + Wikipedia:Lingual_gyrus + + + + + + medial occipito-temporal gyrus + BAMS:MOTG + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Portion of frontal lobe that overlaps the insular cortex (adapted from Wikipedia). + BAMS:FOp + BAMS:fro + BIRNLEX:751 + DHBA:12127 + FMA:74886 + HBA:4078 + SCTID:362352005 + UMLS:C0149547 + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2205 + uberon + nucleus ventralis oralis, pars medialis (Dewulf) + operculum frontale + UBERON:0002947 + + frontal operculum + frontal operculum + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:00:32.978192 + + + + + Portion of frontal lobe that overlaps the insular cortex (adapted from Wikipedia). + BIRNLEX:751 + + + + + UMLS:C0149547 + BIRNLEX:751 + + + + + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2205 + BIRNLEX:751 + + + + + nucleus ventralis oralis, pars medialis (Dewulf) + NeuroNames:2205 + + + + + + operculum frontale + Wikipedia:Operculum_(brain) + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + BAMS:O1 + BAMS:SOG + BIRNLEX:758 + DHBA:12154 + FMA:61901 + HBA:4212 + SCTID:279182006 + UMLS:C0228230 + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=154 + gyrus occipitalis primus + uberon + gyrus occipitalis superior + UBERON:0002948 + + superior occipital gyrus + superior occipital gyrus + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:00:32.978220 + + + + + UMLS:C0228230 + BIRNLEX:758 + + + + + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=154 + BIRNLEX:758 + + + + + gyrus occipitalis primus + FMA:61901 + + + + + gyrus occipitalis superior + NeuroNames:154 + + + + + + + + + One of the convolutions on the medial surface of the cerebral hemisphere. It surrounds the rostral part of the brain and interhemispheric commissure and forms part of the limbic system. (MSH) One of three essential structures comprising the limbic lobe, the other two being the hippocampus and parahippocampal gyrus. (CSP). + BAMS:CG + BAMS:CgG + BIRNLEX:798 + BM:Tel-CG + BTO:0003976 + DHBA:12156 + FMA:62434 + HBA:4220 + NCIT:C96217 + SCTID:279208003 + UMLS:C0018427 + Wikipedia:Cingulate_gyrus + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=159 + cingulate area + cingulate region + falciform lobe + upper limbic gyrus + uberon + cingular gyrus + gyri cinguli + UBERON:0002967 + + + + cingulate gyrus + cingulate gyrus + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/dc/Gray727_cingulate_gyrus.png + + + + + One of the convolutions on the medial surface of the cerebral hemisphere. It surrounds the rostral part of the brain and interhemispheric commissure and forms part of the limbic system. (MSH) One of three essential structures comprising the limbic lobe, the other two being the hippocampus and parahippocampal gyrus. (CSP). + BIRNLEX:798 + + + + + UMLS:C0018427 + BIRNLEX:798 + + + + + UMLS:C0018427 + ncithesaurus:Cingulate_Gyrus + + + + + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=159 + BIRNLEX:798 + + + + + cingulate area + FMA:62434 + + + + + cingulate region + FMA:62434 + + + + + falciform lobe + FMA:62434 + + + + + upper limbic gyrus + FMA:62434 + + + + + cingular gyrus + NeuroNames:159 + + + + + gyri cinguli + NeuroNames:159 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Component of the temporal lobe on the mesial surface, posterior to the entorhinal cortex. The rostral and caudal boundaries are the posterior end of the netorhinal cortex and the caudal portion of the hippocampus, respectively. The medial boudnary is designated as the medial aspect off the temporal lobe and the lateral boundary is the collateral sulcus (Christine Fennema-Notestine). + BAMS:PHG + BIRNLEX:807 + BTO:0004380 + CALOHA:TS-2038 + DHBA:12162 + EV:0100181 + FMA:61918 + GAID:634 + HBA:4242 + MESH:A08.186.211.577.710 + NCIT:C33262 + SCTID:279205000 + UMLS:C0228249 + Wikipedia:Parahippocampal_gyrus + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=164 + hippocampal gyrus + uberon + gyrus hippocampi + gyrus parahippocampalis + gyrus parahippocampi + hippocampal convolution + UBERON:0002973 + + + parahippocampal gyrus + parahippocampal gyrus + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b1/Human_brainstem_anterior_view_2_description.JPG + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:00:32.978306 + + + + + Component of the temporal lobe on the mesial surface, posterior to the entorhinal cortex. The rostral and caudal boundaries are the posterior end of the netorhinal cortex and the caudal portion of the hippocampus, respectively. The medial boudnary is designated as the medial aspect off the temporal lobe and the lateral boundary is the collateral sulcus (Christine Fennema-Notestine). + BIRNLEX:807 + + + + + UMLS:C0228249 + BIRNLEX:807 + + + + + UMLS:C0228249 + ncithesaurus:Parahippocampal_Gyrus + + + + + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=164 + BIRNLEX:807 + + + + + hippocampal gyrus + FMA:61918 + + + + + gyrus hippocampi + NeuroNames:164 + + + + + + gyrus parahippocampalis + Wikipedia:Parahippocampal_gyrus + + + + + + gyrus parahippocampi + NeuroNames:164 + + + + + + hippocampal convolution + BTO:0004380 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Component of the inferior frontal gyrus.defined as the first gyrus from the precentral gyrus. + inferior frontal gyrus, pars opercularis + BAMS:IFGOp + BAMS:OpIFG + BIRNLEX:823 + DHBA:12119 + FMA:61981 + HBA:4041 + UMLS:C0262296 + Wikipedia:Opercular_part_of_inferior_frontal_gyrus + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=87 + gyrus frontalis inferior, pars opercularis + opercular portion of inferior frontal gyrus + pars opercularis + pars opercularis gyri frontalis inferioris + pars posterior of inferior frontal gyrus + posterior part of inferior frontal gyrus + uberon + inferior frontal gyrus, opercular part + UBERON:0002980 + + opercular part of inferior frontal gyrus + opercular part of inferior frontal gyrus + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:00:32.978257 + + + + + Component of the inferior frontal gyrus.defined as the first gyrus from the precentral gyrus. + BIRNLEX:823 + + + + + inferior frontal gyrus, pars opercularis + http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6755-0259 + + + + + UMLS:C0262296 + BIRNLEX:823 + + + + + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=87 + BIRNLEX:823 + + + + + gyrus frontalis inferior, pars opercularis + FMA:61981 + FMA:TA + + + + + + opercular portion of inferior frontal gyrus + FMA:61981 + + + + + pars opercularis + FMA:61981 + FMA:TA + + + + + + pars opercularis gyri frontalis inferioris + BIRNLEX:823 + + + + + pars posterior of inferior frontal gyrus + FMA:61981 + FMA:TA + + + + + + posterior part of inferior frontal gyrus + FMA:61981 + + + + + inferior frontal gyrus, opercular part + BAMS:IFGOp + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Component of the frontal lobe, lateral aspect. The rostral boundary is the first appearance of the inferior frontal sulcus whereas the caudal boundary is the precentral gyrus. The medial and lateral boundaries are the lateral bank of the inferior frontal sulcus and the medial bank of the lateral orbital sulcus and/or the circular insular sulcus respectively (Christein Fennema-Notestine). + ncit has two classes, but these are exact synonyms in FMA + BAMS:IFG + BIRNLEX:873 + BTO:0004835 + DHBA:12117 + FMA:61860 + HBA:4035 + NCIT:C32774 + SCTID:362333004 + UMLS:C0152298 + Wikipedia:Inferior_frontal_gyrus + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=85 + ncithesaurus:Inferior_Frontal_Gyrus + inferior frontal convolution + uberon + gyrus F3 + gyrus frontalis inferior + gyrus frontalis tertius + regio subfrontalis + UBERON:0002998 + + + inferior frontal gyrus + inferior frontal gyrus + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d7/Inferior_frontal_gyrus.png + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:00:32.978330 + + + + + Component of the frontal lobe, lateral aspect. The rostral boundary is the first appearance of the inferior frontal sulcus whereas the caudal boundary is the precentral gyrus. The medial and lateral boundaries are the lateral bank of the inferior frontal sulcus and the medial bank of the lateral orbital sulcus and/or the circular insular sulcus respectively (Christein Fennema-Notestine). + BIRNLEX:873 + + + + + ncit has two classes, but these are exact synonyms in FMA + ncit + + + + + UMLS:C0152298 + BIRNLEX:873 + + + + + UMLS:C0152298 + ncithesaurus:Inferior_Frontal_Convolution + + + + + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=85 + BIRNLEX:873 + + + + + inferior frontal convolution + FMA:61860 + + + + + gyrus F3 + NeuroNames:85 + + + + + + gyrus frontalis inferior + Wikipedia:Inferior_frontal_gyrus + + + + + + gyrus frontalis tertius + NeuroNames:85 + + + + + + regio subfrontalis + NeuroNames:85 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A predominantly gray matter structure of the basal telencephalon defined on the basis of Nissl stain. Caudal to the anterior commissure it lies deep to the globus pallidus and dorsal to the amygdala. Rostral to the anterior commissure it lies deep to the striatum. The more rostral portion contains the basal forebrain nucleus ( Anthoney-1994 ). In the late twentieth century the region containing the substantia innominata was resegmented on the basis of neurochemistry and connectivity to constitute the striatopallidal system ( Heimer-1995 ). In this scheme the caudal portion of substantia innominata is located largely in the ventral pallidum and the rostral portion in the ventral striatum. (from Brain Info). + + BAMS:SI + BIRNLEX:915 + BM:Tel-SI + BTO:0002447 + DHBA:13034 + FMA:61885 + GAID:638 + HBA:13003 + MBA:342 + MESH:A08.186.211.577.820 + UMLS:C0038589 + Wikipedia:Substantia_innominata + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=274 + innominate substance + nucleus of substantia innominata + uberon + substantia innominata (Reil, Reichert) + substantia innominata of Meynert + substantia innominata of Reichert + substantia innominata of Reil + substriatal gray + UBERON:0003017 + + + substantia innominata + substantia innominata + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/36/Substantia_innominata_MRI.PNG + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:00:32.978138 + + + + + A predominantly gray matter structure of the basal telencephalon defined on the basis of Nissl stain. Caudal to the anterior commissure it lies deep to the globus pallidus and dorsal to the amygdala. Rostral to the anterior commissure it lies deep to the striatum. The more rostral portion contains the basal forebrain nucleus ( Anthoney-1994 ). In the late twentieth century the region containing the substantia innominata was resegmented on the basis of neurochemistry and connectivity to constitute the striatopallidal system ( Heimer-1995 ). In this scheme the caudal portion of substantia innominata is located largely in the ventral pallidum and the rostral portion in the ventral striatum. (from Brain Info). + BIRNLEX:915 + + + + + + ABA + + + + + UMLS:C0038589 + BIRNLEX:915 + + + + + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=274 + BIRNLEX:915 + + + + + innominate substance + FMA:61885 + + + + + nucleus of substantia innominata + FMA:61885 + + + + + substantia innominata (Reil, Reichert) + NeuroNames:274 + + + + + substantia innominata of Meynert + NeuroNames:274 + + + + + + substantia innominata of Reichert + BTO:0002447 + + + + + substantia innominata of Reil + BTO:0002447 + + + + + substriatal gray + NeuroNames:274 + + + + + + + + The subcallosal area (parolfactory area of Broca, area parolfactoria) is a small triangular field on the medial surface of the hemisphere in front of the subcallosal gyrus, from which it is separated by the posterior parolfactory sulcus; it is continuous below with the olfactory trigone, and above and in front with the cingulate gyrus; it is limited anteriorly by the anterior parolfactory sulcus. [WP,unvetted]. + BAMS:SCA + BIRNLEX:919 + FMA:61890 + SCTID:362357004 + UMLS:C0228282 + Wikipedia:Subcallosal_area + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=278 + adolfactory area + area paraolfactoria + paraolfactory area + parolfactory area + uberon + Zuckerkandl's gyrus + area parolfactoria + area subcallosa + UBERON:0003020 + + + subcallosal area + subcallosal area + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4d/Gray732.png + + + + + The subcallosal area (parolfactory area of Broca, area parolfactoria) is a small triangular field on the medial surface of the hemisphere in front of the subcallosal gyrus, from which it is separated by the posterior parolfactory sulcus; it is continuous below with the olfactory trigone, and above and in front with the cingulate gyrus; it is limited anteriorly by the anterior parolfactory sulcus. [WP,unvetted]. + Wikipedia:Subcallosal_area + + + + + UMLS:C0228282 + BIRNLEX:919 + + + + + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=278 + BIRNLEX:919 + + + + + adolfactory area + FMA:61890 + + + + + area paraolfactoria + FMA:61890 + FMA:TA + + + + + + paraolfactory area + FMA:61890 + + + + + parolfactory area + FMA:61890 + + + + + Zuckerkandl's gyrus + NeuroNames:278 + + + + + area parolfactoria + Wikipedia:Subcallosal_area + + + + + + area subcallosa + Wikipedia:Subcallosal_area + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Dorsal portion of the pons, containing cranial nervee nuclei, ascending and descending tracts and reticular nuclei. It is continuous with the reticular formation of the medulla (Carpenter, A Core Text of Neuroanatomy, 3rd ed, 1985, pg 133). + involved in the initiation of REM sleep [Wikipedia:Pontine_tegmentum] + BAMS:PTg + BIRNLEX:923 + DHBA:12416 + FMA:71108 + HBA:9135 + SCTID:362401009 + UMLS:C0228426 + Wikipedia:Pontine_tegmentum + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=557 + dorsal pons + dorsal portion of pons + tegmental portion of pons + tegmentum of pons + tegmentum pontis + uberon + pars dorsalis pontis + pars posterior pontis + tegmentum pontis + UBERON:0003023 + + + pontine tegmentum + pontine tegmentum + Brainstem:Abducens.png + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:00:32.978395 + + + + + Dorsal portion of the pons, containing cranial nervee nuclei, ascending and descending tracts and reticular nuclei. It is continuous with the reticular formation of the medulla (Carpenter, A Core Text of Neuroanatomy, 3rd ed, 1985, pg 133). + BIRNLEX:923 + + + + + UMLS:C0228426 + BIRNLEX:923 + + + + + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=557 + BIRNLEX:923 + + + + + dorsal portion of pons + FMA:71108 + + + + + tegmental portion of pons + FMA:71108 + + + + + tegmentum of pons + FMA:71108 + + + + + tegmentum pontis + FMA:71108 + FMA:TA + + + + + + pars dorsalis pontis + NeuroNames:557 + + + + + + pars posterior pontis + NeuroNames:557 + + + + + + tegmentum pontis + Wikipedia:Pontine_tegmentum + + + + + + + + + + Periaqueductal gray (PAG; also called the 'central gray') is the gray matter located around the cerebral aqueduct within the midbrain. It plays a role in the descending modulation of pain and in defensive behaviour. The ascending pain and temperature fibers of the spinothalamic tract also send information to the PAG via the spinomesencephalic tract. The spinomesencephalic tract is so-named because the fibers originate in the spine and terminate in the mesencephalon, another name for the midbrain, the part of the brain in which the PAG resides. [WP,unvetted]. + + + + + + + + + + + CGMB + griseum centrale + substantia grisea centralis + BAMS:CGMB + BAMS:PAG + BIRNLEX:973 + BM:MB-PAG + BTO:0002701 + DHBA:12209 + EFO:0002470 + EMAPA:32781 + EV:0100249 + FMA:74510 + GAID:585 + HBA:9003 + MA:0000209 + MA:0002895 + MBA:795 + MESH:A08.186.211.132.659.822.595 + SCTID:369233003 + TAO:0000518 + UMLS:C0228398 + Wikipedia:Periaqueductal_gray + ZFA:0000518 + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=510 + anulus of cerebral aqueduct + central (periaqueductal) gray + midbrain periaqueductal grey + periaqueductal gray + periaqueductal gray matter + periaqueductal gray of tegmentum + periaqueductal grey + periaqueductal grey matter + periaqueductal grey substance + uberon + anulus aquaeductus + anulus aqueductus cerebri + central gray + central gray of the midbrain + central gray substance of the midbrain + central grey + central grey substance of midbrain + griseum centrale mesencephali + griseum periventriculare mesencephali + pAG + periaquectuctal grey + periaqueductal gray, proper + s. grisea centralis + substantia grisea centralis mesencephali + UBERON:0003040 + + + + + central gray substance of midbrain + central gray substance of midbrain + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/da/Cn3nucleus.png + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:00:28.561227 + + + + + Periaqueductal gray (PAG; also called the 'central gray') is the gray matter located around the cerebral aqueduct within the midbrain. It plays a role in the descending modulation of pain and in defensive behaviour. The ascending pain and temperature fibers of the spinothalamic tract also send information to the PAG via the spinomesencephalic tract. The spinomesencephalic tract is so-named because the fibers originate in the spine and terminate in the mesencephalon, another name for the midbrain, the part of the brain in which the PAG resides. [WP,unvetted]. + Wikipedia:Periaqueductal_gray + http://sourceforge.net/p/obo/mouse-anatomy-requests/40/ + + + + + + ABA + + + + + + ABA + + + + + + ABA + + + + + + ABA + + + + + + ABA + + + + + + ABA + + + + + + ABA + + + + + + ABA + + + + + + ABA + + + + + + ABA + + + + + CGMB + BIRNLEX:973 + NIFSTD:NeuroNames_abbrevSource + + + + + + griseum centrale + BIRNLEX:973 + + + + + substantia grisea centralis + BIRNLEX:973 + + + + + UMLS:C0228398 + BIRNLEX:973 + + + + + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=510 + BIRNLEX:973 + + + + + anulus of cerebral aqueduct + FMA:74510 + + + + + central (periaqueductal) gray + FMA:74510 + + + + + midbrain periaqueductal grey + MA:0000209 + + + + + periaqueductal gray + FMA:74510 + + + + + periaqueductal gray matter + FMA:74510 + + + + + periaqueductal gray of tegmentum + FMA:74510 + + + + + periaqueductal grey + MA:0002895 + + + + + periaqueductal grey matter + EV:0100249 + + + + + periaqueductal grey substance + FMA:74510 + + + + + anulus aquaeductus + NeuroNames:510 + + + + + + anulus aqueductus cerebri + NeuroNames:510 + + + + + + central gray + BAMS:PAG + + + + + central gray of the midbrain + NeuroNames:510 + + + + + central gray substance of the midbrain + NeuroNames:510 + + + + + central grey + MA:0000209 + + + + + central grey substance of midbrain + NeuroNames:510 + + + + + griseum centrale mesencephali + NeuroNames:510 + + + + + + griseum periventriculare mesencephali + NeuroNames:510 + + + + + + pAG + NeuroNames:510 + + + + + periaquectuctal grey + MA:0002895 + https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&aid=3209233&group_id=76834&atid=1205376 + + + + + + periaqueductal gray, proper + BAMS:PAG + + + + + s. grisea centralis + Wikipedia:Periaqueductal_gray + + + + + + substantia grisea centralis mesencephali + NeuroNames:510 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The trachea is the portion of the airway that attaches to the bronchi as it branches [GO:dph]. + An elongated tube which carries air to and from the lungs.[AAO] + The respiratory tube between the larynx and the bronchi. [Bemis_WE, Functional_Anatomy_of_the_Vertebrates:_An_Evolutionary_Perspective, Glossary_G-29, Grande_L, Liem_KF, Third_Edition_(2001)_Orlando_Fla.:_Harcourt_College_Publishers, Walker_WF][VHOG] + In primitive fishes and most tetrapods, the lungs of adults are usually paired. They lie ventral to the digestive tract and are connected to the outside environment through the trachea.[well established][VHOG] + tracheal + In birds, the trachea runs from the pharynx to the syrinx, from which the primary bronchi diverge. Swans have an unusually elongated trachea, part of which is coiled beneath the sternum; this may act as a resonator to amplify sound. In some birds, the cartilagenous rings are complete, and may even be ossified. In amphibians, the trachea is normally extremely short, and leads directly into the lungs, without clear primary bronchi. A longer trachea is, however found in some long-necked salamanders, and in caecilians. While there are irregular cartilagenous nodules on the amphibian trachea, these do not form the rings found in amniotes. The only vertebrate to have lungs, but no trachea, is Polypterus, in which the lungs arise directly from the pharynx. + in mouse 15-18 C-rings, 15-20 in human. + AAO:0010140 + BTO:0001388 + CALOHA:TS-1060 + EFO:0000935 + EHDAA2:0002066 + EHDAA:3078 + EMAPA:16853 + EV:0100040 + FMA:7394 + GAID:361 + MA:0000441 + MAT:0000137 + MESH:D014132 + MIAA:0000137 + NCIT:C12428 + OpenCyc:Mx4rvViOX5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA + SCTID:181213009 + UMLS:C0040578 + VHOG:0000371 + Wikipedia:Vertebrate_trachea + XAO:0000118 + cartilaginous trachea + vertebrate trachea + windpipe + uberon + tracheal tubule + UBERON:0003126 + + + + + + trachea + Trachea + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9f/Illu_conducting_passages.svg + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c3/Illu_conducting_passages.jpg + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:09:29.477296 + + + + + The trachea is the portion of the airway that attaches to the bronchi as it branches [GO:dph]. + GO:0060438 + Wikipedia:Vertebrate_trachea + + + + + An elongated tube which carries air to and from the lungs.[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0010140 + AAO + AAO:BJB + + + + + The respiratory tube between the larynx and the bronchi. [Bemis_WE, Functional_Anatomy_of_the_Vertebrates:_An_Evolutionary_Perspective, Glossary_G-29, Grande_L, Liem_KF, Third_Edition_(2001)_Orlando_Fla.:_Harcourt_College_Publishers, Walker_WF][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000371 + VHOG + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + In primitive fishes and most tetrapods, the lungs of adults are usually paired. They lie ventral to the digestive tract and are connected to the outside environment through the trachea.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000371 + VHOG + ISBN:978-0072528305 Kardong KV, Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy, Function, Evolution (2006) p.409 + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + in mouse 15-18 C-rings, 15-20 in human. + ISBN:0123813611 + + + + + UMLS:C0040578 + ncithesaurus:Trachea + + + + + vertebrate trachea + + + + + + tracheal tubule + BTO:0001388 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A submucosa that is part of an anal canal [Automatically generated definition]. + EMAPA:27217 + EMAPA:27227 + EMAPA:27535 + FMA:85399 + SCTID:7892006 + anal canal submucosa + anal canal viewed anatomically submucosa + anal region submucosa + anatomical anal canal submucosa + submucosa of anal canal viewed anatomically + submucosa of anal region + submucosa of anatomical anal canal + uberon + UBERON:0003329 + + submucosa of anal canal + submucosa of anal canal + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:07:07.585559 + + + + + A submucosa that is part of an anal canal [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + anal canal submucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + anal canal viewed anatomically submucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + anal region submucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + anatomical anal canal submucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + submucosa of anal canal viewed anatomically + OBOL:automatic + + + + + submucosa of anal region + OBOL:automatic + + + + + submucosa of anatomical anal canal + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + A submucosa that is part of a colon [Automatically generated definition]. + EMAPA:27379 + FMA:14985 + MA:0003200 + SCTID:61647009 + colon submucosa + colonic submucosa + large bowel submucosa + submucosa of large bowel + uberon + UBERON:0003331 + + submucosa of colon + submucosa + submucosa of colon + + + + + A submucosa that is part of a colon [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + colon submucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + colonic submucosa + FMA:14985 + + + + + large bowel submucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + submucosa of large bowel + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + A submucosa that is part of a duodenum [Automatically generated definition]. + EMAPA:27027 + EMAPA:27097 + EMAPA:27239 + FMA:14943 + MA:0003213 + SCTID:76519004 + doudenal submucosa + duodenal submucosa + duodenum submucosa + uberon + UBERON:0003332 + + submucosa of duodenum + submucosa of duodenum + + + + + A submucosa that is part of a duodenum [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + doudenal submucosa + FMA:14943 + + + + + duodenal submucosa + FMA:14943 + + + + + duodenum submucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A submucosa that is part of a jejunum [Automatically generated definition]. + EMAPA:27111 + FMA:14950 + SCTID:70192009 + jejunal submucosa + jejunum submucosa + uberon + UBERON:0003333 + + submucosa of jejunum + submucosa of jejunum + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:16:11.985157 + + + + + A submucosa that is part of a jejunum [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + jejunal submucosa + FMA:14950 + + + + + jejunum submucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + A serous membrane that is part of a colon [Automatically generated definition]. + EMAPA:27387 + FMA:14990 + MA:0003199 + SCTID:90132000 + colon serosa + colon serous membrane + colonic serosa + large bowel serosa + large bowel serous membrane + serosa of large bowel + serous membrane of colon + serous membrane of large bowel + visceral peritoneum of colon + uberon + UBERON:0003335 + + serosa of colon + serosa + serosa of colon + + + + + A serous membrane that is part of a colon [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + colon serosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + colon serous membrane + OBOL:automatic + + + + + colonic serosa + FMA:14990 + + + + + large bowel serosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + large bowel serous membrane + OBOL:automatic + + + + + serosa of large bowel + OBOL:automatic + + + + + serous membrane of colon + OBOL:automatic + + + + + serous membrane of large bowel + OBOL:automatic + + + + + visceral peritoneum of colon + FMA:14990 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A serous membrane that is part of a jejunum [Automatically generated definition]. + EMAPA:27115 + FMA:14955 + jejunal serosa + jejunum serosa + jejunum serous membrane + serous membrane of jejunum + visceral peritoneum of jejunum + uberon + UBERON:0003337 + + serosa of jejunum + serosa of jejunum + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:16:11.985177 + + + + + A serous membrane that is part of a jejunum [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + jejunal serosa + FMA:14955 + + + + + jejunum serosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + jejunum serous membrane + OBOL:automatic + + + + + serous membrane of jejunum + OBOL:automatic + + + + + visceral peritoneum of jejunum + FMA:14955 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A mucosa that is part of an anal canal [Automatically generated definition]. + EMAPA:27531 + FMA:74654 + NCIT:C60784 + SCTID:362170004 + UMLS:C0227414 + anal canal mucosa + anal canal mucosa of organ + anal canal mucous membrane + anal canal organ mucosa + anal canal viewed anatomically mucosa + anal canal viewed anatomically mucosa of organ + anal canal viewed anatomically mucous membrane + anal canal viewed anatomically organ mucosa + anal mucosa + anal mucous membrane + anal region mucosa + anal region mucosa of organ + anal region mucous membrane + anal region organ mucosa + anatomical anal canal mucosa + anatomical anal canal mucosa of organ + anatomical anal canal mucous membrane + anatomical anal canal organ mucosa + mucosa of anal canal viewed anatomically + mucosa of anal region + mucosa of anatomical anal canal + mucosa of organ of anal canal + mucosa of organ of anal canal viewed anatomically + mucosa of organ of anal region + mucosa of organ of anatomical anal canal + mucous membrane of anal canal + mucous membrane of anal canal viewed anatomically + mucous membrane of anal region + mucous membrane of anatomical anal canal + organ mucosa of anal canal + organ mucosa of anal canal viewed anatomically + organ mucosa of anal region + organ mucosa of anatomical anal canal + uberon + UBERON:0003342 + + mucosa of anal canal + mucosa + mucosa of anal canal + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:07:07.585553 + + + + + A mucosa that is part of an anal canal [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + UMLS:C0227414 + ncithesaurus:Anal_Mucosa + + + + + anal canal mucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + anal canal mucosa of organ + OBOL:automatic + + + + + anal canal mucous membrane + OBOL:automatic + + + + + anal canal organ mucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + anal canal viewed anatomically mucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + anal canal viewed anatomically mucosa of organ + OBOL:automatic + + + + + anal canal viewed anatomically mucous membrane + OBOL:automatic + + + + + anal canal viewed anatomically organ mucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + anal mucosa + FMA:74654 + + + + + anal mucous membrane + FMA:74654 + + + + + anal region mucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + anal region mucosa of organ + OBOL:automatic + + + + + anal region mucous membrane + OBOL:automatic + + + + + anal region organ mucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + anatomical anal canal mucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + anatomical anal canal mucosa of organ + OBOL:automatic + + + + + anatomical anal canal mucous membrane + OBOL:automatic + + + + + anatomical anal canal organ mucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mucosa of anal canal viewed anatomically + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mucosa of anal region + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mucosa of anatomical anal canal + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mucosa of organ of anal canal + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mucosa of organ of anal canal viewed anatomically + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mucosa of organ of anal region + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mucosa of organ of anatomical anal canal + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mucous membrane of anal canal + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mucous membrane of anal canal viewed anatomically + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mucous membrane of anal region + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mucous membrane of anatomical anal canal + OBOL:automatic + + + + + organ mucosa of anal canal + OBOL:automatic + + + + + organ mucosa of anal canal viewed anatomically + OBOL:automatic + + + + + organ mucosa of anal region + OBOL:automatic + + + + + organ mucosa of anatomical anal canal + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a trachea [Automatically generated definition]. + UBERON:0004244 + BTO:0001391 + EMAPA:19192 + FMA:262010 + MA:0001863 + NCIT:C49306 + UMLS:C1710458 + trachea smooth muscle + tracheal smooth muscle + uberon + UBERON:0003387 + + + smooth muscle of trachea + smooth muscle of trachea + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:09:29.477219 + + + + + A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a trachea [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + UMLS:C1710458 + ncithesaurus:Trachea_Smooth_Muscle_Tissue + + + + + trachea smooth muscle + MA:0001863 + + + + + tracheal smooth muscle + BTO:0001391 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The ureteral branches of renal artery are small branches which supply the ureter. + ureteric artery + EMAPA:37676 + FMA:70491 + MA:0002074 + SCTID:65376008 + Wikipedia:Ureteral_branches_of_renal_artery + uberon + UBERON:0003468 + + ureteric segment of renal artery + ureteric segment of renal artery + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:28.519252 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.168134 + + + + + The ureteral branches of renal artery are small branches which supply the ureter. + Wikipedia:Ureteral_branches_of_renal_artery + + + + + ureteric artery + MA:0002074 + + + + + EMAPA:37676 + MA:th + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The superior labial artery (superior labial branch of facial artery) is larger and more tortuous than the inferior labial artery. It follows a similar course along the edge of the upper lip, lying between the mucous membrane and the Orbicularis oris, and anastomoses with the artery of the opposite side. It supplies the upper lip, and gives off in its course two or three vessels which ascend to the nose; a septal branch ramifies on the nasal septum as far as the point of the nose, and an alar branch supplies the ala of the nose. + EMAPA:37430 + FMA:49570 + MA:0001917 + SCTID:145137009 + Wikipedia:Superior_labial_artery + arteria labialis superior + ramus labialis superior arteriae facialis + superior labial artery + superior labial branch of facial artery + uberon + UBERON:0003470 + + artery of upper lip + artery of upper lip + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:28.519539 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.167453 + + + + + The superior labial artery (superior labial branch of facial artery) is larger and more tortuous than the inferior labial artery. It follows a similar course along the edge of the upper lip, lying between the mucous membrane and the Orbicularis oris, and anastomoses with the artery of the opposite side. It supplies the upper lip, and gives off in its course two or three vessels which ascend to the nose; a septal branch ramifies on the nasal septum as far as the point of the nose, and an alar branch supplies the ala of the nose. + Wikipedia:Superior_labial_artery + + + + + EMAPA:37430 + MA:th + + + + + arteria labialis superior + Wikipedia:Superior_labial_artery + + + + + + ramus labialis superior arteriae facialis + Wikipedia:Superior_labial_artery + + + + + + superior labial artery + FMA:49570 + + + + + superior labial branch of facial artery + FMA:49570 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The inferior labial artery (inferior labial branch of facial artery) arises near the angle of the mouth; it passes upward and forward beneath the Triangularis and, penetrating the Orbicularis oris, runs in a tortuous course along the edge of the lower lip between this muscle and the mucous membrane. It supplies the labial glands, the mucous membrane, and the muscles of the lower lip; and anastomoses with the artery of the opposite side, and with the mental branch of the inferior alveolar artery. + EMAPA:37429 + FMA:49567 + MA:0001916 + SCTID:145036002 + Wikipedia:Inferior_labial_artery + arteria labialis inferior + inferior labial artery + inferior labial branch of facial artery + ramus labialis inferior (arteria facialis) + ramus labialis inferior arteriae facialis + uberon + UBERON:0003471 + + artery of lower lip + artery of lower lip + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:28.519403 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.166330 + + + + + The inferior labial artery (inferior labial branch of facial artery) arises near the angle of the mouth; it passes upward and forward beneath the Triangularis and, penetrating the Orbicularis oris, runs in a tortuous course along the edge of the lower lip between this muscle and the mucous membrane. It supplies the labial glands, the mucous membrane, and the muscles of the lower lip; and anastomoses with the artery of the opposite side, and with the mental branch of the inferior alveolar artery. + Wikipedia:Inferior_labial_artery + + + + + EMAPA:37429 + MA:th + + + + + arteria labialis inferior + Wikipedia:Inferior_labial_artery + + + + + + inferior labial artery + FMA:49567 + + + + + inferior labial branch of facial artery + FMA:49567 + + + + + ramus labialis inferior (arteria facialis) + FMA:TA + + + + + ramus labialis inferior arteriae facialis + Wikipedia:Inferior_labial_artery + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The inferior labial vein is the vein receiving blood from the upper lip. + EMAPA:37204 + FMA:52538 + MA:0002255 + SCTID:422755007 + Wikipedia:Superior_labial_vein + superior labial vein + upper lip vein + vena labialis superior + uberon + UBERON:0003477 + + vein of upper lip + vein of upper lip + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.167941 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:48.278456 + + + + + The inferior labial vein is the vein receiving blood from the upper lip. + Wikipedia:Superior_labial_vein + + + + + EMAPA:37204 + MA:th + + + + + superior labial vein + FMA:52538 + + + + + upper lip vein + OBOL:automatic + + + + + vena labialis superior + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The inferior labial vein is the vein receiving blood from the lower lip. + EMAPA:37202 + FMA:52541 + MA:0002253 + SCTID:422955002 + Wikipedia:Inferior_labial_vein + inferior labial vein + lower lip vein + vena labialis inferior + uberon + venae labiales inferiores + UBERON:0003478 + + vein of lower lip + vein of lower lip + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8c/Gray557.png + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.168073 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:48.278440 + + + + + The inferior labial vein is the vein receiving blood from the lower lip. + Wikipedia:Inferior_labial_vein + + + + + EMAPA:37202 + MA:th + + + + + inferior labial vein + FMA:52541 + + + + + lower lip vein + OBOL:automatic + + + + + vena labialis inferior + + + + + + venae labiales inferiores + Wikipedia:Inferior_labial_vein + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A blood vessel that is part of a trachea. + UBERON:0003525 + EMAPA:35874 + MA:0001852 + blood vessel of trachea + uberon + UBERON:0003505 + + trachea blood vessel + trachea blood vessel + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:09:29.477202 + + + + + A blood vessel that is part of a trachea. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + blood vessel of trachea + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An lymphatic vessel endothelium that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. + EMAPA:37581 + MA:0001825 + apparatus respiratorius endothelium of lymph vessel + apparatus respiratorius lymph vessel endothelium + apparatus respiratorius lymphatic vessel endothelium + endothelium of lymph vessel of apparatus respiratorius + endothelium of lymph vessel of respiratory system + lymph vessel endothelium of apparatus respiratorius + lymph vessel endothelium of respiratory system + lymphatic vessel endothelium of apparatus respiratorius + lymphatic vessel endothelium of respiratory system + respiratory system endothelium of lymph vessel + respiratory system lymph vessel endothelium + respiratory system lymphatic vessel endothelium + uberon + UBERON:0003529 + + respiratory system lymphatic vessel endothelium + respiratory system lymphatic vessel endothelium + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:09:37.821569 + + + + + An lymphatic vessel endothelium that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + EMAPA:37581 + MA:th + + + + + apparatus respiratorius endothelium of lymph vessel + OBOL:automatic + + + + + apparatus respiratorius lymph vessel endothelium + OBOL:automatic + + + + + apparatus respiratorius lymphatic vessel endothelium + OBOL:automatic + + + + + endothelium of lymph vessel of apparatus respiratorius + OBOL:automatic + + + + + endothelium of lymph vessel of respiratory system + OBOL:automatic + + + + + lymph vessel endothelium of apparatus respiratorius + OBOL:automatic + + + + + lymph vessel endothelium of respiratory system + OBOL:automatic + + + + + lymphatic vessel endothelium of apparatus respiratorius + OBOL:automatic + + + + + lymphatic vessel endothelium of respiratory system + OBOL:automatic + + + + + respiratory system endothelium of lymph vessel + OBOL:automatic + + + + + respiratory system lymph vessel endothelium + OBOL:automatic + + + + + respiratory system lymphatic vessel endothelium + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The ring-shaped cartilaginous structures that support the trachea. + check whether to classify as part of splanchoncranium + in mammals the rings are incomplete, in avians the rings are complete. + EMAPA:18699 + EMAPA:35875 + FMA:7434 + MA:0001857 + NCIT:C49304 + SCTID:278979006 + UMLS:C1710456 + Wikipedia:Tracheal_rings + cartilage of trachea + cartilage of windpipe + cartilaginous ring of trachea + cartilaginous trachea cartilage + cartilago trachealis + tracheal cartilage + windpipe cartilage + uberon + cartilage of the trachea + cartilagines tracheales + ring of the trachea + trachea ring + tracheal ring + UBERON:0003604 + + + trachea cartilage + trachea cartilage + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/56/Gray952.png + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:09:29.477264 + + + + + The ring-shaped cartilaginous structures that support the trachea. + J:97123 + MGI:smb + MP:0003120 + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + UMLS:C1710456 + ncithesaurus:Trachea_Cartilage + + + + + cartilage of trachea + OBOL:automatic + + + + + cartilage of windpipe + OBOL:automatic + + + + + cartilaginous ring of trachea + EMAPA:18699 + + + + + cartilaginous trachea cartilage + OBOL:automatic + + + + + cartilago trachealis + FMA:7434 + + + + + tracheal cartilage + FMA:7434 + + + + + windpipe cartilage + OBOL:automatic + + + + + cartilage of the trachea + Wikipedia:Tracheal_rings + + + + + cartilagines tracheales + Wikipedia:Tracheal_rings + + + + + + ring of the trachea + Wikipedia:Tracheal_rings + + + + + tracheal ring + Wikipedia:Tracheal_rings + + + + + + + + A small fluid-filled sac lined by synovial membrane with an inner capillary layer of slimy fluid. It provides a cushion between bones and tendons and/or muscles around a joint. This helps to reduce friction between the bones and allows free movement. Bursae are filled with synovial fluid and are found around most major joints of the body. + bursa + FMA:9692 + GAID:252 + MESH:D002061 + NCIT:C33717 + SCTID:182483003 + UMLS:C0006441 + Wikipedia:Synovial_bursa + galen:Bursa + uberon + bursa synovialis + UBERON:0003668 + + + synovial bursa + synovial bursa + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b3/Gray350.png + + + + + A small fluid-filled sac lined by synovial membrane with an inner capillary layer of slimy fluid. It provides a cushion between bones and tendons and/or muscles around a joint. This helps to reduce friction between the bones and allows free movement. Bursae are filled with synovial fluid and are found around most major joints of the body. + Wikipedia:Synovial_bursa + + + + + bursa + FMA:9692 + + + + + UMLS:C0006441 + ncithesaurus:Synovial_Bursa + + + + + bursa synovialis + Wikipedia:Synovial_bursa + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A major stabilizing ligament in the knee that attaches the surfaces of the femur and tibia. + FMA:44614 + GAID:122 + MESH:D016118 + NCIT:C32088 + OpenCyc:Mx4r77KC8RuaEd2f4ADggVfexA + SCTID:182443006 + UMLS:C0078960 + galen:AnteriorCruciateLigament + anterior cruciate ligament + uberon + UBERON:0003671 + + anterior cruciate ligament of knee joint + anterior cruciate ligament of knee joint + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:05:57.371507 + + + + + A major stabilizing ligament in the knee that attaches the surfaces of the femur and tibia. + ncithesaurus:Anterior_Cruciate_Ligament + + + + + UMLS:C0078960 + ncithesaurus:Anterior_Cruciate_Ligament + + + + + anterior cruciate ligament + FMA:44614 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The central portion of the common tendon of the quadriceps femoris. It is attached to the apex of the PATELLA and to the lower part of the tubercle of the TIBIA. + EMAPA:18509 + FMA:44581 + GAID:128 + MESH:D017847 + NCIT:C33283 + SCTID:244639004 + UMLS:C0206332 + Wikipedia:Patellar_ligament + galen:LigamentumPatellae + central band of tendon of quadriceps femoris + ligamentum patella + uberon + patellar tendon + UBERON:0003676 + + patellar ligament + patellar ligament + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:05:57.371516 + + + + + The central portion of the common tendon of the quadriceps femoris. It is attached to the apex of the PATELLA and to the lower part of the tubercle of the TIBIA. + MESH:A02.513.514.475 + Wikipedia:Patellar_ligament + + + + + UMLS:C0206332 + ncithesaurus:Patellar_Ligament + + + + + central band of tendon of quadriceps femoris + FMA:44581 + + + + + ligamentum patella + FMA:44581 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + FMA:44617 + GAID:129 + MESH:D016119 + NCIT:C33359 + SCTID:182445004 + UMLS:C0080039 + galen:PosteriorCruciateLigament + posterior cruciate ligament + uberon + UBERON:0003680 + + posterior cruciate ligament of knee joint + posterior cruciate ligament of knee joint + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:05:57.371510 + + + + + UMLS:C0080039 + ncithesaurus:Posterior_Cruciate_Ligament + + + + + posterior cruciate ligament + FMA:44617 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The left and right brachiocephalic veins in the upper chest are formed by the union of each corresponding internal jugular vein and subclavian vein. This is at the level of the sternoclavicular joint. These great vessels merge to form the superior vena cava. The brachiocephalic veins are the major veins returning blood to the superior vena cava. + EHDAA2:0000182 + EHDAA:9868 + FMA:4723 + GAID:529 + MESH:D016121 + NCIT:C32816 + OpenCyc:Mx4rvz3aUJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA + SCTID:181371003 + UMLS:C0006095 + Wikipedia:Brachiocephalic_vein + galen:BrachiocephalicVein + brachiocephalic venous tree + innominate vein + uberon + innomiate vein + innominate trunk + innominate vein + innominate veins + vena brachiocephalica + venae anonyma + UBERON:0003711 + + brachiocephalic vein + brachiocephalic vein + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9e/Gray1174.png + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.165856 + + + + + The left and right brachiocephalic veins in the upper chest are formed by the union of each corresponding internal jugular vein and subclavian vein. This is at the level of the sternoclavicular joint. These great vessels merge to form the superior vena cava. The brachiocephalic veins are the major veins returning blood to the superior vena cava. + Wikipedia:Brachiocephalic_vein + + + + + UMLS:C0006095 + ncithesaurus:Innominate_Vein + + + + + brachiocephalic venous tree + FMA:4723 + + + + + innominate vein + FMA:4723 + + + + + innomiate vein + Wikipedia:Brachiocephalic_vein + + + + + innominate trunk + Wikipedia:Brachiocephalic_vein + + + + + innominate vein + GAID:529 + + + + + innominate vein + Wikipedia:Brachiocephalic_vein + + + + + innominate veins + Wikipedia:Brachiocephalic_vein + + + + + vena brachiocephalica + Wikipedia:Brachiocephalic_vein + + + + + vena brachiocephalica + Wikipedia:Brachiocephalic_vein + + + + + + venae anonyma + Wikipedia:Brachiocephalic_vein + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The cavernous sinus (or lateral sellar compartment), within the human head, is a large collection of thin-walled veins creating a cavity bordered by the temporal bone of the skull and the sphenoid bone, lateral to the sella turcica. + An irregularly shaped venous space in the dura mater at either side of the sphenoid bone[MESH:A07.231.908.224.334]. + EMAPA:19059 + FMA:50772 + GAID:532 + MESH:D002426 + NCIT:C12690 + OpenCyc:Mx4rwKAVGJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA + SCTID:244402005 + UMLS:C0007473 + Wikipedia:Cavernous_sinus + uberon + cavernous + cavernous sinus syndrome + cavernous sinuses + cavernus sinus vein + parasellar syndrome + sinus cavernosus + UBERON:0003712 + + cavernous sinus + cavernous sinus + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.166628 + + + + + The cavernous sinus (or lateral sellar compartment), within the human head, is a large collection of thin-walled veins creating a cavity bordered by the temporal bone of the skull and the sphenoid bone, lateral to the sella turcica. + Wikipedia:Cavernous_sinus + + + + + An irregularly shaped venous space in the dura mater at either side of the sphenoid bone[MESH:A07.231.908.224.334]. + MESH:A07.231.908.224.334 + + + + + UMLS:C0007473 + ncithesaurus:Cavernous_Sinus + + + + + cavernous + Wikipedia:Cavernous_sinus + + + + + cavernous sinus syndrome + Wikipedia:Cavernous_sinus + + + + + cavernous sinuses + Wikipedia:Cavernous_sinus + + + + + cavernus sinus vein + Wikipedia:Cavernous_sinus + + + + + parasellar syndrome + Wikipedia:Cavernous_sinus + + + + + sinus cavernosus + Wikipedia:Cavernous_sinus + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A vein arising from the splenic trabecular vein in the hilum of the spleen that drains into the portal vein. + EMAPA:37226 + FMA:14331 + GAID:541 + MA:0002164 + MESH:D013162 + NCIT:C33608 + OpenCyc:Mx4rwCt0eZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA + SCTID:278029005 + UMLS:C0038001 + Wikipedia:Splenic_vein + galen:SplenicVein + vena splenica + uberon + lienal vein + vena lienalis + UBERON:0003713 + + splenic vein + splenic vein + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5b/Gray1189.png + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e4/Bilebladder.png + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.168145 + + + + + A vein arising from the splenic trabecular vein in the hilum of the spleen that drains into the portal vein. + ncithesaurus:Splenic_Vein + + + + + EMAPA:37226 + MA:th + + + + + UMLS:C0038001 + ncithesaurus:Splenic_Vein + + + + + vena splenica + FMA:14331 + FMA:TA + + + + + + lienal vein + MA:0002164 + Wikipedia:Splenic_vein + + + + + vena lienalis + Wikipedia:Splenic_vein + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A large branch of the brachial plexus supplying various parts of the upper arm (as flexor muscles) and forearm (as the skin). + FMA:37064 + GAID:844 + MESH:D009138 + OpenCyc:Mx4rvzp0l5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA + SCTID:181019000 + Wikipedia:Musculocutaneous_nerve + casserio's nerve + uberon + nervus musculocutaneus + UBERON:0003724 + + musculocutaneous nerve + musculocutaneous nerve + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a7/Nerves_of_the_left_upper_extremity.gif + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:13:49.327399 + + + + + A large branch of the brachial plexus supplying various parts of the upper arm (as flexor muscles) and forearm (as the skin). + http://www.merriam-webster.com/medical/musculocutaneous%20nerve + + + + + casserio's nerve + FMA:37064 + + + + + nervus musculocutaneus + Wikipedia:Musculocutaneous_nerve + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An arrangement of nerve fibers, running from the spine that travels to the head and neck where it innervates skin and muscle. + BAMS:cep + FMA:5904 + GAID:847 + MESH:D002572 + OpenCyc:Mx4rvkEE3JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA + SCTID:181107005 + Wikipedia:Cervical_plexus + cervical nerve plexus + cervical plexus + plexus cervicalis + uberon + plexus cervicalis + UBERON:0003725 + + cervical nerve plexus + cervical nerve plexus + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/20/Gray784.png + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:13:46.282472 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:13:57.536245 + + + + + An arrangement of nerve fibers, running from the spine that travels to the head and neck where it innervates skin and muscle. + UBERON:cjm + + + + + cervical nerve plexus + FMA:5904 + + + + + cervical plexus + FMA:5904 + + + + + plexus cervicalis + FMA:5904 + FMA:TA + + + + + + plexus cervicalis + Wikipedia:Cervical_plexus + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An epithelium that is part of a thymus, forming a supporting framework[MP,modified]. + BTO:0001836 + CALOHA:TS-1040 + EHDAA2:0002019 + EMAPA:35864 + MA:0000768 + NCIT:C45713 + UMLS:C1711423 + VHOG:0001426 + ZFA:0005779 + epithelial tissue of thymus + epithelial tissue of thymus gland + epithelium of thymus + epithelium of thymus gland + thymic epithelial tissue + thymic epithelium + thymus epithelial tissue + thymus gland epithelial tissue + thymus gland epithelium + uberon + UBERON:0003846 + + + thymus epithelium + thymus epithelium + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:18:02.464125 + + + + + An epithelium that is part of a thymus, forming a supporting framework[MP,modified]. + MP:0009544 + + + + + UMLS:C1711423 + ncithesaurus:Thymic_Epithelial_Tissue + + + + + epithelial tissue of thymus + OBOL:automatic + + + + + epithelial tissue of thymus gland + OBOL:automatic + + + + + epithelium of thymus + OBOL:automatic + + + + + epithelium of thymus gland + OBOL:automatic + + + + + thymic epithelium + BTO:0001836 + + + + + thymus epithelial tissue + OBOL:automatic + + + + + thymus gland epithelial tissue + OBOL:automatic + + + + + thymus gland epithelium + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + Initial section of the oviduct through which the ova pass from the ovary to the uterus. + Homologous to appendix testis + salpinges + salpinx + CALOHA:TS-0732 + EHDAA2:0000504 + EMAPA:18984 + EMAPA:35660 + EV:0100112 + FMA:18245 + GAID:365 + MA:0000385 + MESH:D005187 + NCIT:C12403 + OpenCyc:Mx4rvViVeZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA + SCTID:181463001 + UMLS:C0015560 + Wikipedia:Fallopian_tube + galen:FallopianTube + mammalian oviduct + uterine tube (sensu Mammalia) + uberon + fallopian tubes + female paramesonephric duct + paramesonephric duct of female + tuba uterina + UBERON:0003889 + + + + + fallopian tube + fallopian tube + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/68/Scheme_female_reproductive_system-en.svg + + + + + Initial section of the oviduct through which the ova pass from the ovary to the uterus. + MGI:smb + MP:0003574 + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + Homologous to appendix testis + Wikipedia:Talk:Fallopian_tube#Homology + + + + + salpinges + + + + + + UMLS:C0015560 + ncithesaurus:Fallopian_Tube + + + + + mammalian oviduct + https://sourceforge.net/p/geneontology/ontology-requests/8397/ + + + + + female paramesonephric duct + EHDAA2:0000504 + + + + + paramesonephric duct of female + EMAPA:35660 + + + + + tuba uterina + Wikipedia:Fallopian_tube + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Wide vessels in the spleen that drain into trabecular veins[WP]. + + + + + Whereas man and the rat are in the 'sinusal' group, the mouse belongs in the 'nonsinusal' group. The red pulp of spleens of rat, dog, man, and many other mammals contains an elaborate plexus of sinuses; that of mouse, cat, pig and others has no true sinuses and relatively few veins leading from the meshes into collecting veins - http://www.informatics.jax.org/greenbook/chapters/chapter13.shtml + FMA:63199 + SCTID:9081000 + Wikipedia:Red_pulp#Sinusoids + sinusoidal blood vessel of spleen + uberon + sinusoid of red pulp of spleen + UBERON:0003910 + + splenic sinusoid + splenic sinusoid + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.168289 + + + + + Wide vessels in the spleen that drain into trabecular veins[WP]. + Wikipedia:Red_pulp#Sinusoids + + + + + + http://www.informatics.jax.org/greenbook/chapters/chapter13.shtml + + + + + + http://www.informatics.jax.org/greenbook/chapters/chapter13.shtml + + + + + + http://www.informatics.jax.org/greenbook/chapters/chapter13.shtml + + + + + + http://www.informatics.jax.org/greenbook/chapters/chapter13.shtml + + + + + sinusoidal blood vessel of spleen + OBOL:automatic + + + + + sinusoid of red pulp of spleen + FMA:63199 + + + + + + + + Kidney mesenchyme is the tissue made up of loosely connected mesenchymal cells in the kidney[GO]. + check this + mesenchyme of kidney + uberon + UBERON:0003918 + + + kidney mesenchyme + kidney mesenchyme + + + + + Kidney mesenchyme is the tissue made up of loosely connected mesenchymal cells in the kidney[GO]. + GO:0072074 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The anterior segment of the lamellated connective tissue layer of the cornea. + anterior stroma + EMAPA:37414 + cornea anterior stroma + uberon + UBERON:0003952 + + + anterior stroma of cornea + anterior stroma of cornea + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:02:14.759418 + + + + + The anterior segment of the lamellated connective tissue layer of the cornea. + MP:0003093 + + + + + anterior stroma + MP:0003093 + + + + + EMAPA:37414 + MA:th + + + + + cornea anterior stroma + MP:0003093 + + + + + + + + Primordial follicles are indiscernible to the naked eye and develop to primary, secondary, and finally mature vesicular follicles. + EMAPA:30755 + MA:0001710 + NCIT:C33400 + UMLS:C1514441 + ovary primordial follicle + primordial follicle + uberon + UBERON:0003981 + + + primordial ovarian follicle + primordial ovarian follicle + + + + + Primordial follicles are indiscernible to the naked eye and develop to primary, secondary, and finally mature vesicular follicles. + MP:0009361 + + + + + UMLS:C1514441 + ncithesaurus:Primordial_Follicle + + + + + ovary primordial follicle + MA:0001710 + + + + + + + + The funnel-like expansion of the abdominal extremity of the uterine tube[MP]. + + The third part of the uterine tube is the infundibulum. It terminates with the ostium of Fallopian tube, surrounded by fimbriae, one of which is attached to the ovary[Wikipedia:Infundibulum_of_uterine_tube]. + In mammals, the uterine tube infundibulum is part of the fallopian tube. In birds, where there is no fallopian tube, the uterine tube infundibulum is part of the oviduct. + infundibulum + EMAPA:29897 + FMA:18307 + SCTID:362262001 + Wikipedia:Infundibulum_of_uterine_tube + infundibulum of oviduct + infundibulum of uterine tube + infundibulum of fallopian tube + uberon + infundibulum tubae uterinae + UBERON:0003984 + + + uterine tube infundibulum + uterine tube infundibulum + Illu:cervix.jpg + + + + + The funnel-like expansion of the abdominal extremity of the uterine tube[MP]. + MP:0009466 + Wikipedia:Infundibulum_of_uterine_tube + + + + + The third part of the uterine tube is the infundibulum. It terminates with the ostium of Fallopian tube, surrounded by fimbriae, one of which is attached to the ovary[Wikipedia:Infundibulum_of_uterine_tube]. + Wikipedia:Infundibulum_of_uterine_tube + + + + + In mammals, the uterine tube infundibulum is part of the fallopian tube. In birds, where there is no fallopian tube, the uterine tube infundibulum is part of the oviduct. + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2825-0621 + + + + + infundibulum + + + + + + infundibulum of oviduct + FMA:18307 + + + + + infundibulum of uterine tube + FMA:18307 + + + + + infundibulum of fallopian tube + FMA:18307 + + + + + infundibulum tubae uterinae + Wikipedia:Infundibulum_of_uterine_tube + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The small spherical bodies of epithelial cells found in the medulla of the thymus, that are arranged in a concentric pattern around clusters of degenerating lymphocytes, eosinophils and macrophages. + EMAPA:35395 + MA:0000772 + NCIT:C13170 + SCTID:34223001 + UMLS:C0229950 + Wikipedia:Hassall's_corpuscles + capsule of Hassal's corpuscle + thymic corpuscle + uberon + UBERON:0003987 + + + Hassall's corpuscle + Hassall's corpuscle + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:17:52.777253 + + + + + The small spherical bodies of epithelial cells found in the medulla of the thymus, that are arranged in a concentric pattern around clusters of degenerating lymphocytes, eosinophils and macrophages. + MP:0009539 + + + + + UMLS:C0229950 + ncithesaurus:Hassall_s_Corpuscle + + + + + capsule of Hassal's corpuscle + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The dense region demarcating the thymus medulla from the surrounding cortex that is characterized by numerous blood vessels (predominantly arterioles) with some perivascular connective tissue, mature and immature T lymphocytes, dendritic cells, variable numbers of perivascular B-lymphocytes and plasma cells; site of entry of bone marrow stem cells and exit of mature, functional T cells. + EMAPA:37974 + thymic cortico-medullary boundary + thymic corticomedullary boundary + thymic corticomedullary junction + thymic corticomedullary zone + thymus CMZ + thymus cortico-medullary boundary + thymus corticomedullary junction + thymus corticomedullary zone + uberon + UBERON:0003988 + + + thymus corticomedullary boundary + thymus corticomedullary boundary + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:17:52.777158 + + + + + The dense region demarcating the thymus medulla from the surrounding cortex that is characterized by numerous blood vessels (predominantly arterioles) with some perivascular connective tissue, mature and immature T lymphocytes, dendritic cells, variable numbers of perivascular B-lymphocytes and plasma cells; site of entry of bone marrow stem cells and exit of mature, functional T cells. + MP:0009543 + + + + + EMAPA:37974 + MA:th + + + + + thymic cortico-medullary boundary + MP:0009543 + + + + + thymic corticomedullary boundary + MP:0009543 + + + + + thymic corticomedullary junction + MP:0009543 + + + + + thymic corticomedullary zone + MP:0009543 + + + + + thymus CMZ + MP:0009543 + + + + + thymus cortico-medullary boundary + MP:0009543 + + + + + thymus corticomedullary junction + MP:0009543 + + + + + thymus corticomedullary zone + MP:0009543 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The nodules of small undifferentiated B lymphocytes and follicular dendritic cells located in the spleen white pulp. + FMA:15843 is classified as primary follicle so it belongs here + EMAPA:37960 + FMA:15843 + primary spleen B cell follicle + uberon + UBERON:0004041 + + + spleen primary B follicle + spleen primary B follicle + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:16:56.115519 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:17:04.370128 + + + + + The nodules of small undifferentiated B lymphocytes and follicular dendritic cells located in the spleen white pulp. + MP:0008471 + + + + + FMA:15843 is classified as primary follicle so it belongs here + FMA + + + + + EMAPA:37960 + MA:th + + + + + primary spleen B cell follicle + CL:tm + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The nodules of antigen-activated, differentiating B cells, follicular dendritic cells, antigen-presenting T cells and macrophages in the spleen white pulp. + EMAPA:37961 + secondary spleen B cell follicle + splenic secondary B cell follicle + uberon + UBERON:0004042 + + + spleen secondary B follicle + spleen secondary B follicle + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:16:56.115546 + + + + + The nodules of antigen-activated, differentiating B cells, follicular dendritic cells, antigen-presenting T cells and macrophages in the spleen white pulp. + MP:0008472 + + + + + EMAPA:37961 + MA:th + + + + + secondary spleen B cell follicle + CL:tm + + + + + splenic secondary B cell follicle + MP:0008472 + + + + + + + + One of the system of communicating cavities in the brain that are continuous with the central canal of the spinal cord, that like it are derived from the medullary canal of the embryo, that are lined with an epithelial ependyma, and that contain a serous fluid. + Organ cavity of the brain which consists of the lateral ventricles, the third and fourth ventricles and the cerebral aqueduct[BIRNLEX:1356]. + FMA draws the distinction between e.g. 'fourth ventricle' and 'cavity of fourth ventricle'. The latter is a cavity, and part of the former, which is a region. The superclass of 'fourth ventricle' is_a 'region of ventricular system of the brain'. We place this class here, although it is not equivalent to ventricles, as it includes ventricle bodies. + BIRNLEX:1356 + BTO:0001442 + EFO:0001914 + EMAPA:32674 + FMA:78447 + HBA:9418 + MA:0000818 + MESH:D002552 + NCIT:C12356 + OpenCyc:Mx4rvmTY65wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA + SCTID:180929003 + UMLS:C0007799 + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2497 + brain ventricles + cerebral ventricle + region of ventricular system of brain + uberon + UBERON:0004086 + + + + brain ventricle + brain ventricle + + + + + One of the system of communicating cavities in the brain that are continuous with the central canal of the spinal cord, that like it are derived from the medullary canal of the embryo, that are lined with an epithelial ependyma, and that contain a serous fluid. + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/300 + + + + + Organ cavity of the brain which consists of the lateral ventricles, the third and fourth ventricles and the cerebral aqueduct[BIRNLEX:1356]. + BIRNLEX:1356 + + + + + FMA draws the distinction between e.g. 'fourth ventricle' and 'cavity of fourth ventricle'. The latter is a cavity, and part of the former, which is a region. The superclass of 'fourth ventricle' is_a 'region of ventricular system of the brain'. We place this class here, although it is not equivalent to ventricles, as it includes ventricle bodies. + FMA + + + + + UMLS:C0007799 + ncithesaurus:Ventricle_Brain + + + + + brain ventricles + + + + + + cerebral ventricle + HP:0002118 + + + + + region of ventricular system of brain + FMA:78447 + + + + + + + + . + uberon + UBERON:0004098 + + + tibial plateaux + tibial plateaux + + + + + . + HP:0003832 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The collecting duct system of the kidney consists of a series of tubules and ducts that connect the nephrons to the ureter. It participates in electrolyte and fluid balance through reabsorption and excretion, processes regulated by the hormones aldosterone and antidiuretic hormone. + FMA:265239 + SCTID:279371005 + Wikipedia:Collecting_duct_system + collecting duct system + kidney collecting duct system + uberon + tubulus renalis colligens + UBERON:0004100 + + + renal collecting system + renal collecting system + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/02/Gray1128.png + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:04:49.725509 + + + + + The collecting duct system of the kidney consists of a series of tubules and ducts that connect the nephrons to the ureter. It participates in electrolyte and fluid balance through reabsorption and excretion, processes regulated by the hormones aldosterone and antidiuretic hormone. + HP:0004742 + Wikipedia:Collecting_duct_system + + + + + collecting duct system + Wikipedia:Collecting_duct_system + + + + + kidney collecting duct system + Wikipedia:Collecting_duct_system + + + + + tubulus renalis colligens + Wikipedia:Collecting_duct_system + + + + + + + + + + In mammals, the proximal tubule is a nephron tubule that connects Bowman's capsule to the loop of Henle. It has a brush border epithelial morphology[GO]. + TODO - ensure definition works across species. + BTO:0001498 + CALOHA:TS-0509 + EMAPA:28281 + MA:0002611 + MESH:D007687 + kidney proximal tubule + proximal kidney tubule + renal proximal tubule + uberon + UBERON:0004134 + + proximal tubule + proximal tubule + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:04:44.729328 + + + + + In mammals, the proximal tubule is a nephron tubule that connects Bowman's capsule to the loop of Henle. It has a brush border epithelial morphology[GO]. + GO:0072014 + + + + + kidney proximal tubule + MA:0002611 + + + + + proximal kidney tubule + MESH:A05.810.453.736.560.570 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The prostate gland stroma is made up of the mesenchymal or fibroblast cells of the prostate gland. + TODO - check also FMA Stroma of glandular part of prostate + UBERON:0005084 + EMAPA:35714 + FMA:45719 + MA:0002912 + NCIT:C13104 + UMLS:C1521760 + prostate stroma + prostatic stroma + stroma of prostate + stroma of prostate gland + stroma of glandular part of prostate + uberon + UBERON:0004184 + + prostate gland stroma + prostate gland stroma + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:14:44.185728 + + + + + The prostate gland stroma is made up of the mesenchymal or fibroblast cells of the prostate gland. + GO:0060741 + + + + + UMLS:C1521760 + ncithesaurus:Prostatic_Stroma + + + + + prostate stroma + OBOL:automatic + + + + + prostatic stroma + FMA:45719 + + + + + stroma of prostate + OBOL:automatic + + + + + stroma of prostate gland + OBOL:automatic + + + + + stroma of glandular part of prostate + FMA:74349 + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The glomerular epithelium is an epithelial tissue that covers the outer surfaces of the glomerulus. The glomerular epithelium consists of both parietal and visceral epithelium. Metanephric glomerular parietal epithelial cells are specialized epithelial cells that form tight junctions as a barrier to protein transport. A metanephric glomerular visceral epithelial cell is a specialized epithelial cell that contains 'feet' that interdigitate with the 'feet' of other glomerular epithelial cells in the metanephros. + TODO - check - GO says outer, BTO says inner. Make this a superclass + BTO:0001515 + EMAPA:35458 + MA:0002847 + epithelium of glomerulus + epithelium of kidney glomerulus + epithelium of renal glomerulus + kidney glomerular epithelium + uberon + glomerular epithelial cell + UBERON:0004188 + + glomerular epithelium + glomerular epithelium + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:04:49.725242 + + + + + The glomerular epithelium is an epithelial tissue that covers the outer surfaces of the glomerulus. The glomerular epithelium consists of both parietal and visceral epithelium. Metanephric glomerular parietal epithelial cells are specialized epithelial cells that form tight junctions as a barrier to protein transport. A metanephric glomerular visceral epithelial cell is a specialized epithelial cell that contains 'feet' that interdigitate with the 'feet' of other glomerular epithelial cells in the metanephros. + GO:0072010 + + + + + kidney glomerular epithelium + MA:0002847 + + + + + glomerular epithelial cell + BTO:0001515 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The glomerulus vasculature is composed of the tubule structures that carry blood or lymph in the glomerulus. + glomerulus vasculature + renal glomerulus vascular network + renal glomerulus vasculature + vascular network of renal glomerulus + vasculature of renal glomerulus + uberon + UBERON:0004190 + + renal glomerulus vasculature + glomerulus vasculature + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:04:49.725704 + + + + + The glomerulus vasculature is composed of the tubule structures that carry blood or lymph in the glomerulus. + GO:0072012 + + + + + glomerulus vasculature + OBOL:automatic + + + + + renal glomerulus vascular network + OBOL:automatic + + + + + renal glomerulus vasculature + OBOL:automatic + + + + + vascular network of renal glomerulus + OBOL:automatic + + + + + vasculature of renal glomerulus + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + A sub-portion of the loop of Henle in the nephron of the kidney that is permeable to ions but not to water. + check relationship to distal tubule + EMAPA:28328 + EMAPA:28361 + FMA:17720 + MA:0001678 + Wikipedia:Thin_ascending_limb_of_loop_of_Henle + ascending limb thin segment of loop of Henle + ascending thin limb + pars ascendens (tubulus attenuatus) + thin ascending limb + thin ascending limb of loop of Henle + uberon + UBERON:0004193 + + + loop of Henle ascending limb thin segment + ascending thin limb of loop of Henle + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/02/Gray1128.png + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:04:44.729241 + + + + + A sub-portion of the loop of Henle in the nephron of the kidney that is permeable to ions but not to water. + GO:0072021 + Wikipedia:Thin_ascending_limb_of_loop_of_Henle + + + + + ascending thin limb + FMA:17720 + + + + + pars ascendens (tubulus attenuatus) + FMA:17720 + + + + + thin ascending limb + EMAPA:28328 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The S1 portion is the initial portion of the proximal convoluted tubule and is responsible for avid reabsorption of water and solutes[GO]. + UBERON:0006432 + S1 + EMAPA:29657 + MA:0002612 + S1 portion of renal tubule + S1 portion of tubule + proximal tubule segment 1 + segment 1 of proximal tubule + uberon + UBERON:0004196 + + proximal convoluted tubule segment 1 + proximal convoluted tubule segment 1 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:04:49.725254 + + + + + The S1 portion is the initial portion of the proximal convoluted tubule and is responsible for avid reabsorption of water and solutes[GO]. + GO:0072031 + http://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&atid=440764&aid=3298740&group_id=36855 + + + + + S1 + GO:0072031 + + + + + proximal tubule segment 1 + MA:0002612 + + + + + segment 1 of proximal tubule + EMAPA:29657 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The S2 portion of the tubule is involved in reabsorption of water and sodium chloride[GO]. + UBERON:0006433 + S2 + EMAPA:29659 + MA:0002613 + S2 portion of renal tubule + S2 portion of tubule + proximal tubule segment 2 + segment 2 of proximal tubule + uberon + UBERON:0004197 + + proximal convoluted tubule segment 2 + proximal convoluted tubule segment 2 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:04:49.725464 + + + + + The S2 portion of the tubule is involved in reabsorption of water and sodium chloride[GO]. + GO:0072032 + + + + + S2 + GO:0072032 + + + + + proximal tubule segment 2 + MA:0002613 + + + + + segment 2 of proximal tubule + EMAPA:29659 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Kidney pyramids are the conical arrangements of tubules that constitute the renal medulla in a multi-lobed mammalian kidney; they contain the loops of Henle and the medullary collecting ducts. + not the same as FMA:50609 Pyramid (which is a volume / dimensional entity) + + UBERON:0002449 + UBERON:0005098 + pyramid + BTO:0003926 + FMA:258870 + MA:0001654 + NCIT:C12886 + NCIT:C33436 + SCTID:361328001 + UMLS:C0227629 + UMLS:C1514613 + Wikipedia:Renal_pyramids + Malpighian pyramid + renal pyramid + uberon + Malphigian pyramid + Malpighian pyramid + medullary pyramid + pyramid of Malphigi + pyramid of Malpighi + pyramides renales + pyramis renalis + renal medullary region + UBERON:0004200 + + + kidney pyramid + kidney pyramid + Kidney:PioM.png + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:04:49.725559 + + + + + Kidney pyramids are the conical arrangements of tubules that constitute the renal medulla in a multi-lobed mammalian kidney; they contain the loops of Henle and the medullary collecting ducts. + GO:0072056 + http://anatomy.uams.edu/anatomyhtml/kidney.html + + + + + not the same as FMA:50609 Pyramid (which is a volume / dimensional entity) + FMA + + + + + pyramid + GO:0072056 + + + + + UMLS:C0227629 + ncithesaurus:Renal_Pyramid + + + + + UMLS:C1514613 + ncithesaurus:Pyramid_of_Malpighi + + + + + Malpighian pyramid + Wikipedia:Renal_pyramids + + + + + renal pyramid + Wikipedia:Renal_pyramids + + + + + Malphigian pyramid + BTO:0003926 + + + + + + pyramid of Malphigi + ncithesaurus:Pyramid_of_Malpighi + + + + + + pyramid of Malpighi + UBERON:cjm + + + + + pyramides renales + Wikipedia:Renal_pyramids + + + + + + pyramis renalis + BTO:0003926 + + + + + renal medullary region + FMA:258870 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The inner stripe is a deep, centrally located portion of the renal outer medulla and is traversed by thick and thin portions of nephron tubules. + EMAPA:29675 + FMA:76663 + MA:0002626 + inner stripe + inner stripe of medulla of kidney + inner stripe of outer medulla + inner stripe of renal medulla + outer medulla inner stripe + stria interna medullae renalis + uberon + UBERON:0004201 + + + kidney outer medulla inner stripe + kidney outer medulla inner stripe + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:04:49.725577 + + + + + The inner stripe is a deep, centrally located portion of the renal outer medulla and is traversed by thick and thin portions of nephron tubules. + GO:0072057 + + + + + inner stripe + GO:0072057 + + + + + inner stripe of medulla of kidney + FMA:76663 + + + + + inner stripe of outer medulla + EMAPA:29675 + + + + + inner stripe of renal medulla + FMA:76663 + + + + + outer medulla inner stripe + MA:0002626 + + + + + stria interna medullae renalis + FMA:76663 + FMA:TA + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The outer stripe is the region of the kidney that lies distal to the line of termination of the straight renal tubules. + EMAPA:29663 + FMA:76662 + MA:0002629 + outer medulla outer stripe + outer stripe + outer stripe of medulla of kidney + outer stripe of outer medulla + outer stripe of renal medulla + stria externa medullae renalis + uberon + UBERON:0004202 + + + kidney outer medulla outer stripe + kidney outer medulla outer stripe + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:04:49.725594 + + + + + The outer stripe is the region of the kidney that lies distal to the line of termination of the straight renal tubules. + GO:0072058 + + + + + outer medulla outer stripe + MA:0002629 + + + + + outer stripe + GO:0072058 + + + + + outer stripe of medulla of kidney + FMA:76662 + + + + + outer stripe of outer medulla + EMAPA:29663 + + + + + outer stripe of renal medulla + FMA:76662 + + + + + stria externa medullae renalis + FMA:76662 + FMA:TA + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The cortical collecting duct is the portion of the collecting duct that resides in the renal cortex. + UBERON:0005267 + BTO:0002643 + EMAPA:28130 + MA:0002600 + kidney cortex collecting duct + uberon + renal cortex collecting duct + UBERON:0004203 + + cortical collecting duct + cortical collecting duct + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:04:49.725272 + + + + + The cortical collecting duct is the portion of the collecting duct that resides in the renal cortex. + GO:0072059 + + + + + kidney cortex collecting duct + MA:0002600 + + + + + renal cortex collecting duct + MA:0002600 + + + + + + + + + The outer medullary collecting duct is the portion of the collecting duct that lies in the renal outer medulla. + UBERON:0005186 + EMAPA:28346 + MA:0002599 + kidney outer medulla collecting duct + outer renal medulla collecting duct + uberon + UBERON:0004204 + + outer medullary collecting duct + outer medullary collecting duct + renal outer medullary collecting duct + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:04:44.729319 + + + + + The outer medullary collecting duct is the portion of the collecting duct that lies in the renal outer medulla. + GO:0072060 + + + + + kidney outer medulla collecting duct + MA:0002599 + + + + + outer renal medulla collecting duct + MA:0002599 + + + + + + + + + The inner medullary collecting duct is the portion of the collecting duct that lies in the renal inner medulla. + UBERON:0005187 + BTO:0004544 + EMAPA:28370 + MA:0002598 + inner renal medulla collecting duct + kidney inner medulla collecting duct + uberon + papillary collecting duct + UBERON:0004205 + + inner medullary collecting duct + inner medullary collecting duct + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:04:44.729300 + + + + + The inner medullary collecting duct is the portion of the collecting duct that lies in the renal inner medulla. + GO:0072061 + + + + + inner renal medulla collecting duct + MA:0002598 + + + + + kidney inner medulla collecting duct + MA:0002598 + + + + + papillary collecting duct + MA:0002598 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The small branching blood vessels in the kidney glomerulus that receives blood from the kidney afferent arterioles; these capillaries are under high pressure for filtering within the glomerulus. + Capillary that is part of the renal glomerulus. Glomerular capillary endothelial membranes in zebrafish normally have a fenestrated morphology that is visible at the ultrastructural level.[TAO] + EMAPA:28245 + FMA:274259 + MA:0002587 + NCIT:C32684 + SCTID:362049007 + TAO:0005284 + UMLS:C0226356 + ZFA:0005284 + blood capillary of renal glomerulus + capillary of renal glomerulus + capillary vessel of renal glomerulus + renal glomerulus blood capillary + renal glomerulus capillary + renal glomerulus capillary vessel + uberon + glomerular capillaries + glomerular capillary system + UBERON:0004212 + + + + glomerular capillary + glomerular capillary + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.166387 + + + + + The small branching blood vessels in the kidney glomerulus that receives blood from the kidney afferent arterioles; these capillaries are under high pressure for filtering within the glomerulus. + MGI:csmith + MP:0011320 + + + + + Capillary that is part of the renal glomerulus. Glomerular capillary endothelial membranes in zebrafish normally have a fenestrated morphology that is visible at the ultrastructural level.[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0005284 + TAO + ZFIN:ZDB-PUB-000824-1 + ZFIN:curator + + + + + UMLS:C0226356 + ncithesaurus:Glomerular_Capillary + + + + + blood capillary of renal glomerulus + OBOL:automatic + + + + + capillary of renal glomerulus + OBOL:automatic + + + + + capillary vessel of renal glomerulus + OBOL:automatic + + + + + renal glomerulus blood capillary + OBOL:automatic + + + + + renal glomerulus capillary + OBOL:automatic + + + + + renal glomerulus capillary vessel + OBOL:automatic + + + + + glomerular capillaries + + + + + + glomerular capillary system + MA:0002587 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a trigone of urinary bladder [Automatically generated definition]. + EMAPA:28649 + MA:0001700 + Lieutaud's trigone involuntary muscle + Lieutaud's trigone non-striated muscle + Lieutaud's trigone smooth muscle + Lieutaud's trigone smooth muscle tissue + deep trigone involuntary muscle + deep trigone non-striated muscle + deep trigone smooth muscle + deep trigone smooth muscle tissue + involuntary muscle of Lieutaud's trigone + involuntary muscle of deep trigone + involuntary muscle of trigone of bladder + involuntary muscle of trigone of urinary bladder + involuntary muscle of urinary bladder trigone + involuntary muscle of vesical trigone + non-striated muscle of Lieutaud's trigone + non-striated muscle of deep trigone + non-striated muscle of trigone of bladder + non-striated muscle of trigone of urinary bladder + non-striated muscle of urinary bladder trigone + non-striated muscle of vesical trigone + smooth muscle of Lieutaud's trigone + smooth muscle of deep trigone + smooth muscle of trigone of bladder + smooth muscle of trigone of urinary bladder + smooth muscle of urinary bladder trigone + smooth muscle of vesical trigone + smooth muscle tissue of Lieutaud's trigone + smooth muscle tissue of deep trigone + smooth muscle tissue of trigone of bladder + smooth muscle tissue of trigone of urinary bladder + smooth muscle tissue of urinary bladder trigone + smooth muscle tissue of vesical trigone + trigone of bladder involuntary muscle + trigone of bladder non-striated muscle + trigone of bladder smooth muscle + trigone of bladder smooth muscle tissue + trigone of urinary bladder involuntary muscle + trigone of urinary bladder non-striated muscle + trigone of urinary bladder smooth muscle + trigone of urinary bladder smooth muscle tissue + urinary bladder trigone involuntary muscle + urinary bladder trigone muscle + urinary bladder trigone non-striated muscle + urinary bladder trigone smooth muscle tissue + vesical trigone involuntary muscle + vesical trigone non-striated muscle + vesical trigone smooth muscle + vesical trigone smooth muscle tissue + uberon + UBERON:0004229 + + urinary bladder trigone smooth muscle + urinary bladder trigone smooth muscle + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:19:15.944976 + + + + + A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a trigone of urinary bladder [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + Lieutaud's trigone involuntary muscle + OBOL:automatic + + + + + Lieutaud's trigone non-striated muscle + OBOL:automatic + + + + + Lieutaud's trigone smooth muscle + OBOL:automatic + + + + + Lieutaud's trigone smooth muscle tissue + OBOL:automatic + + + + + deep trigone involuntary muscle + OBOL:automatic + + + + + deep trigone non-striated muscle + OBOL:automatic + + + + + deep trigone smooth muscle + OBOL:automatic + + + + + deep trigone smooth muscle tissue + OBOL:automatic + + + + + involuntary muscle of Lieutaud's trigone + OBOL:automatic + + + + + involuntary muscle of deep trigone + OBOL:automatic + + + + + involuntary muscle of trigone of bladder + OBOL:automatic + + + + + involuntary muscle of trigone of urinary bladder + OBOL:automatic + + + + + involuntary muscle of urinary bladder trigone + OBOL:automatic + + + + + involuntary muscle of vesical trigone + OBOL:automatic + + + + + non-striated muscle of Lieutaud's trigone + OBOL:automatic + + + + + non-striated muscle of deep trigone + OBOL:automatic + + + + + non-striated muscle of trigone of bladder + OBOL:automatic + + + + + non-striated muscle of trigone of urinary bladder + OBOL:automatic + + + + + non-striated muscle of urinary bladder trigone + OBOL:automatic + + + + + non-striated muscle of vesical trigone + OBOL:automatic + + + + + smooth muscle of Lieutaud's trigone + OBOL:automatic + + + + + smooth muscle of deep trigone + OBOL:automatic + + + + + smooth muscle of trigone of bladder + OBOL:automatic + + + + + smooth muscle of trigone of urinary bladder + OBOL:automatic + + + + + smooth muscle of urinary bladder trigone + OBOL:automatic + + + + + smooth muscle of vesical trigone + OBOL:automatic + + + + + smooth muscle tissue of Lieutaud's trigone + OBOL:automatic + + + + + smooth muscle tissue of deep trigone + OBOL:automatic + + + + + smooth muscle tissue of trigone of bladder + OBOL:automatic + + + + + smooth muscle tissue of trigone of urinary bladder + OBOL:automatic + + + + + smooth muscle tissue of urinary bladder trigone + OBOL:automatic + + + + + smooth muscle tissue of vesical trigone + OBOL:automatic + + + + + trigone of bladder involuntary muscle + OBOL:automatic + + + + + trigone of bladder non-striated muscle + OBOL:automatic + + + + + trigone of bladder smooth muscle + OBOL:automatic + + + + + trigone of bladder smooth muscle tissue + OBOL:automatic + + + + + trigone of urinary bladder involuntary muscle + OBOL:automatic + + + + + trigone of urinary bladder non-striated muscle + OBOL:automatic + + + + + trigone of urinary bladder smooth muscle + OBOL:automatic + + + + + trigone of urinary bladder smooth muscle tissue + OBOL:automatic + + + + + urinary bladder trigone involuntary muscle + OBOL:automatic + + + + + urinary bladder trigone muscle + MA:0001700 + + + + + urinary bladder trigone non-striated muscle + OBOL:automatic + + + + + urinary bladder trigone smooth muscle tissue + OBOL:automatic + + + + + vesical trigone involuntary muscle + OBOL:automatic + + + + + vesical trigone non-striated muscle + OBOL:automatic + + + + + vesical trigone smooth muscle + OBOL:automatic + + + + + vesical trigone smooth muscle tissue + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a bronchus [Automatically generated definition]. + BTO:0004401 + EMAPA:35195 + MA:0001840 + NCIT:C49213 + UMLS:C1707055 + bronchi involuntary muscle + bronchi non-striated muscle + bronchi smooth muscle + bronchi smooth muscle tissue + bronchial trunk involuntary muscle + bronchial trunk non-striated muscle + bronchial trunk smooth muscle + bronchial trunk smooth muscle tissue + bronchus involuntary muscle + bronchus non-striated muscle + bronchus smooth muscle tissue + involuntary muscle of bronchi + involuntary muscle of bronchial trunk + involuntary muscle of bronchus + non-striated muscle of bronchi + non-striated muscle of bronchial trunk + non-striated muscle of bronchus + smooth muscle of bronchi + smooth muscle of bronchial trunk + smooth muscle of bronchus + smooth muscle tissue of bronchi + smooth muscle tissue of bronchial trunk + smooth muscle tissue of bronchus + uberon + bronchial smooth muscle + UBERON:0004242 + + bronchus smooth muscle + bronchus smooth muscle + + + + + A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a bronchus [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + UMLS:C1707055 + ncithesaurus:Bronchus_Smooth_Muscle_Tissue + + + + + bronchi involuntary muscle + OBOL:automatic + + + + + bronchi non-striated muscle + OBOL:automatic + + + + + bronchi smooth muscle + OBOL:automatic + + + + + bronchi smooth muscle tissue + OBOL:automatic + + + + + bronchial trunk involuntary muscle + OBOL:automatic + + + + + bronchial trunk non-striated muscle + OBOL:automatic + + + + + bronchial trunk smooth muscle + OBOL:automatic + + + + + bronchial trunk smooth muscle tissue + OBOL:automatic + + + + + bronchus involuntary muscle + OBOL:automatic + + + + + bronchus non-striated muscle + OBOL:automatic + + + + + bronchus smooth muscle tissue + OBOL:automatic + + + + + involuntary muscle of bronchi + OBOL:automatic + + + + + involuntary muscle of bronchial trunk + OBOL:automatic + + + + + involuntary muscle of bronchus + OBOL:automatic + + + + + non-striated muscle of bronchi + OBOL:automatic + + + + + non-striated muscle of bronchial trunk + OBOL:automatic + + + + + non-striated muscle of bronchus + OBOL:automatic + + + + + smooth muscle of bronchi + OBOL:automatic + + + + + smooth muscle of bronchial trunk + OBOL:automatic + + + + + smooth muscle of bronchus + OBOL:automatic + + + + + smooth muscle tissue of bronchi + OBOL:automatic + + + + + smooth muscle tissue of bronchial trunk + OBOL:automatic + + + + + smooth muscle tissue of bronchus + OBOL:automatic + + + + + bronchial smooth muscle + EMAPA:35195 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An endothelium that is part of a glomerular capillary. + MA:0001658 + NCIT:C32522 + SCTID:243993006 + UMLS:C0227647 + renal glomerulus capillary endothelium + uberon + UBERON:0004294 + + + glomerular capillary endothelium + glomerular capillary endothelium + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:04:49.725219 + + + + + An endothelium that is part of a glomerular capillary. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + UMLS:C0227647 + ncithesaurus:Endothelium_of_the_Glomerular_Capillary + + + + + renal glomerulus capillary endothelium + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + A lymphatic vessel smooth muscle that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. + EMAPA:37582 + MA:0001826 + smooth muscle of lymph vessel of respiratory system + uberon + UBERON:0004296 + + respiratory system lymphatic vessel smooth muscle + respiratory system lymphatic vessel smooth muscle + + + + + A lymphatic vessel smooth muscle that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + EMAPA:37582 + MA:th + + + + + smooth muscle of lymph vessel of respiratory system + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a terminal bronchiole [Automatically generated definition]. + FMA:261051 + uberon + UBERON:0004516 + + smooth muscle tissue of terminal bronchiole + smooth muscle tissue of terminal bronchiole + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:09:29.477225 + + + + + A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a terminal bronchiole [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a respiratory bronchiole [Automatically generated definition]. + FMA:261055 + uberon + UBERON:0004517 + + smooth muscle tissue of respiratory bronchiole + smooth muscle tissue of respiratory bronchiole + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:09:29.477195 + + + + + A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a respiratory bronchiole [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + A network of blunt ended vessels lacking direct connection to the blood vascular system. These vessels collect and drain fluids and macromolecules from interstitial spaces throughout the animal. They derive from a subpopulation of endothelial cells and have walls that are much thinner than the blood carrying vessels. Lymphatic vessels are usually classified as either superficial or deep. + consider merging with parent + A network of blunt ended vessels lacking direct connection to the blood vascular system. These vessels collect and drain fluids and macromolecules from interstitial spaces throughout the animal. They derive from a subpopulation of endothelial cells and have walls that are much thinner than the blood carrying vessels. Lymphatic vessels are usually classified as either superficial or deep.[TAO] + FMA:63815 + TAO:0005105 + ZFA:0005105 + lymphatic trunks and ducts + lymphatic vasculature + lymphatic vessel network + lymphatic vessels set + set of lymphatic vessels + trunci et ductus lymphatici + uberon + lymph vessels + UBERON:0004536 + + + lymph vasculature + lymph vasculature + + + + + A network of blunt ended vessels lacking direct connection to the blood vascular system. These vessels collect and drain fluids and macromolecules from interstitial spaces throughout the animal. They derive from a subpopulation of endothelial cells and have walls that are much thinner than the blood carrying vessels. Lymphatic vessels are usually classified as either superficial or deep. + ZFA:0005105 + + + + + A network of blunt ended vessels lacking direct connection to the blood vascular system. These vessels collect and drain fluids and macromolecules from interstitial spaces throughout the animal. They derive from a subpopulation of endothelial cells and have walls that are much thinner than the blood carrying vessels. Lymphatic vessels are usually classified as either superficial or deep.[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0005105 + TAO + ZFIN:curator + + + + + lymphatic trunks and ducts + FMA:63815 + + + + + lymphatic vessels set + FMA:63815 + + + + + trunci et ductus lymphatici + FMA:63815 + FMA:TA + + + + + + lymph vessels + ZFA:0005105 + + + + + + + + + A vascular network consisting of blood vessels. + TAO:0001079 + ZFA:0001079 + blood vascular network + set of blood vessels + uberon + blood system + blood vessel system + blood vessels + UBERON:0004537 + + blood vasculature + blood vasculature + + + + + A vascular network consisting of blood vessels. + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + blood vessels + TAO:0001079 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + EMAPA:37229 + FMA:22926 + MA:0002126 + common palmar digital venous tributary + distal palmar digital vein + proper palmal vein + proper palmar vein + tributary of common palmar digital vein + uberon + UBERON:0004561 + Some sources distinguish between the "proper palmar digital veins", which are more distal, and the "common palmar digital veins", which are more proximal. + + proper palmar digital vein + proper palmar digital vein + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.166967 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:48.278283 + + + + + EMAPA:37229 + MA:th + + + + + common palmar digital venous tributary + FMA:22926 + + + + + distal palmar digital vein + Wikipedia:Palmar_digital_veins + + + + + proper palmal vein + MA:0002126 + + + + + proper palmar vein + MA:0002126 + + + + + tributary of common palmar digital vein + FMA:22926 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The blood vessels that branch from the kidney interlobular artery, convey blood to the glomerular capillaries, and play an important role in the regulation of blood pressure as a part of the tubuloglomerular feedback mechanism. + EMAPA:28230 + EMAPA:28266 + FMA:77042 + MA:0002579 + SCTID:67498004 + TAO:0002139 + Wikipedia:Afferent_arterioles + ZFA:0005307 + afferent arteriole + afferent glomerular arteriole + afferent glomerular arteriole of kidney + arteriola glomerularis afferens renis + kidney afferent arteriole + uberon + arteriola glomerularis afferens + UBERON:0004639 + + + + renal afferent arteriole + renal afferent arteriole + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/02/Gray1128.png + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:28.519732 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.165560 + + + + + The blood vessels that branch from the kidney interlobular artery, convey blood to the glomerular capillaries, and play an important role in the regulation of blood pressure as a part of the tubuloglomerular feedback mechanism. + ISBN:0-683-40008-8 + MGI:csmith + MP:0011312 + + + + + afferent arteriole + MA:0002579 + + + + + afferent glomerular arteriole + ZFA:0005307 + + + + + afferent glomerular arteriole of kidney + FMA:77042 + + + + + arteriola glomerularis afferens renis + FMA:77042 + FMA:TA + + + + + + kidney afferent arteriole + MP:0011312 + + + + + arteriola glomerularis afferens + Wikipedia:Afferent_arterioles + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The blood vessels that convey blood from the glomerulocapillary network to the capillary bed of the proximal convoluted tubule. + EMAPA:28233 + EMAPA:28275 + FMA:77043 + MA:0002585 + SCTID:29926005 + TAO:0002140 + Wikipedia:Efferent_arteriole + ZFA:0005308 + arteriola glomerularis efferens renis + efferent arteriole + efferent glomerular arteriole + efferent glomerular arteriole of kidney + kidney efferent arteriole + uberon + arteriola glomerularis efferens capsulae renalis + UBERON:0004640 + + + + renal efferent arteriole + renal efferent arteriole + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/02/Gray1128.png + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.166242 + + + + + The blood vessels that convey blood from the glomerulocapillary network to the capillary bed of the proximal convoluted tubule. + ISBN:0-683-40008-8 + MGI:csmith + MP:0011313 + + + + + arteriola glomerularis efferens renis + FMA:77043 + FMA:TA + + + + + + efferent arteriole + MA:0002585 + + + + + efferent glomerular arteriole + ZFA:0005308 + + + + + efferent glomerular arteriole of kidney + FMA:77043 + + + + + kidney efferent arteriole + MP:0011313 + + + + + arteriola glomerularis efferens capsulae renalis + Wikipedia:Efferent_arteriole + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The connective tissue that surrounds the spleen. + EMAPA:35802 + FMA:15849 + MA:0000753 + NCIT:C33598 + SCTID:329635002 + UMLS:C0229681 + Malpighian capsule + capsula splenica + capsule of spleen + fibroelastic coat of spleen + fibrous capsule of spleen + splenic capsule + tunica fibrosa (splen)(lien) + tunica fibrosa splenica + uberon + UBERON:0004641 + + + spleen capsule + spleen capsule + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:16:56.115516 + + + + + The connective tissue that surrounds the spleen. + MGI:cwg + MP:0002227 + + + + + UMLS:C0229681 + ncithesaurus:Splenic_Capsule + + + + + Malpighian capsule + FMA:15849 + + + + + capsula splenica + FMA:15849 + FMA:TA + + + + + + capsule of spleen + FMA:15849 + + + + + fibroelastic coat of spleen + FMA:15849 + + + + + fibrous capsule of spleen + FMA:15849 + + + + + splenic capsule + FMA:15849 + + + + + tunica fibrosa (splen)(lien) + FMA:15849 + + + + + tunica fibrosa splenica + FMA:15849 + FMA:TA + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The epithelial lining of the luminal space of the urinary bladder. + 5-7 cell layers thick in contracted bladder, 2-3 cells thick in distended bladder; lines renal pelvis, ureters, bladder, most of urethra but not distal urethra + urothelium + BTO:0001694 + CALOHA:TS-1088 + EMAPA:28601 + FMA:15936 + MA:0001693 + NCIT:C13318 + SCTID:25631003 + UMLS:C0225339 + bladder transitional cell epithelium + transitional epithelium of urinary bladder + urinary bladder transitional epithelium + urothelium of urinary bladder + uberon + epithelium of bladder + transitional epithelium + UBERON:0004645 + + + urinary bladder urothelium + urinary bladder urothelium + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:19:15.944971 + + + + + The epithelial lining of the luminal space of the urinary bladder. + MP:0000540 + + + + + urothelium + BTO:0001245 + + + + + UMLS:C0225339 + ncithesaurus:Transitional_Epithelium + + + + + bladder transitional cell epithelium + FMA:15936 + + + + + transitional epithelium of urinary bladder + FMA:15936 + + + + + urinary bladder transitional epithelium + FMA:15936 + + + + + urothelium of urinary bladder + FMA:15936 + + + + + epithelium of bladder + EMAPA:28601 + + + + + transitional epithelium + MA:0001693 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The infraorbital artery is an artery in the head that runs in the maxilla, emerging through the infraorbital foramen, just under the orbit of the eye. [WP,unvetted]. + EMAPA:37090 + FMA:49767 + MA:0001977 + NCIT:C52940 + SCTID:148167004 + UMLS:C0226153 + Wikipedia:Infraorbital_artery + infra-orbital artery + uberon + a. infraorbitalis + UBERON:0004646 + + infraorbital artery + infraorbital artery + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Gray511.png + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:28.519597 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.168236 + + + + + The infraorbital artery is an artery in the head that runs in the maxilla, emerging through the infraorbital foramen, just under the orbit of the eye. [WP,unvetted]. + Wikipedia:Infraorbital_artery + + + + + EMAPA:37090 + MA:th + + + + + UMLS:C0226153 + ncithesaurus:Infraorbital_Artery + + + + + infra-orbital artery + FMA:49767 + + + + + a. infraorbitalis + Wikipedia:Infraorbital_artery + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The polygonal structure of the liver that consists of hepatocytes radiating outward from a hepatic vein. + should not be confused with the anatomic lobes of the liver (caudate lobe, quadrate lobe, left lobe, and right lobe), or any of the functional lobe classification systems.[WP] + EMAPA:35499 + FMA:14471 + MA:0002494 + NCIT:C32732 + SCTID:362194004 + UMLS:C0227518 + Wikipedia:Lobules_of_liver + hepatic lobule + lobuli hepatici + lobulus hepaticus + uberon + lobules of liver + lobuli hepatis + UBERON:0004647 + + + liver lobule + liver lobule + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:08:23.425029 + + + + + The polygonal structure of the liver that consists of hepatocytes radiating outward from a hepatic vein. + ISBN:0-683-40008-8 + MP:0008987 + + + + + UMLS:C0227518 + ncithesaurus:Hepatic_Lobule + + + + + hepatic lobule + FMA:14471 + + + + + lobuli hepatici + + + + + + lobulus hepaticus + FMA:14471 + + + + + + lobules of liver + Wikipedia:Lobules_of_liver + + + + + + lobuli hepatis + Wikipedia:Lobules_of_liver + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The portion of the frontal lobe medial to the medial orbital gyrus is named the gyrus rectus (or straight gyrus), and is continuous with the superior frontal gyrus on the medial surface. A specific function for the gyrus rectus has not yet been elucidated. + BAMS:GRe + BIRNLEX:1103 + FMA:61893 + HBA:4047 + SCTID:279206004 + UMLS:C0152300 + Wikipedia:Straight_gyrus + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=94 + gyrus rectus + medial part of gyri orbitales + rectal gyrus + rectus gyrus + straight gyrus + uberon + ventromedial gyrus + UBERON:0004671 + + gyrus rectus + gyrus rectus + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:00:32.978197 + + + + + The portion of the frontal lobe medial to the medial orbital gyrus is named the gyrus rectus (or straight gyrus), and is continuous with the superior frontal gyrus on the medial surface. A specific function for the gyrus rectus has not yet been elucidated. + Wikipedia:Straight_gyrus + + + + + UMLS:C0152300 + BIRNLEX:1103 + + + + + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=94 + BIRNLEX:1103 + + + + + gyrus rectus + BIRNLEX:1103 + + + + + medial part of gyri orbitales + FMA:61893 + + + + + rectal gyrus + FMA:61893 + + + + + rectus gyrus + FMA:61893 + + + + + straight gyrus + FMA:61893 + + + + + ventromedial gyrus + NeuroNames:94 + + + + + + + + + Part of the lateral ventricle that extends posteriorly into the occipital lobe. + BAMS:OLV + BIRNLEX:1297 + DHBA:10599 + EMAPA:17772 + FMA:83700 + NCIT:C33195 + SCTID:362314009 + UMLS:C0152282 + Wikipedia:Posterior_horn_of_lateral_ventricle + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=223 + cornu occipitale (ventriculi lateralis) + cornu occipitale ventriculi lateralis + cornu posterius (ventriculi lateralis) + cornu posterius ventriculi lateralis + occipital horn + occipital horn of lateral ventricle + posterior horn lateral ventricle + posterior horn of lateral ventricle + posterior horn of the lateral ventricle + ventriculus lateralis, cornu occipitale + ventriculus lateralis, cornu posterius + uberon + UBERON:0004672 + + posterior horn lateral ventricle + posterior horn lateral ventricle + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:00:28.561220 + + + + + Part of the lateral ventricle that extends posteriorly into the occipital lobe. + BIRNLEX:1297 + + + + + UMLS:C0152282 + BIRNLEX:1297 + + + + + UMLS:C0152282 + ncithesaurus:Occipital_Horn_of_the_Lateral_Ventricle + + + + + cornu occipitale (ventriculi lateralis) + FMA:83700 + FMA:TA + + + + + + cornu occipitale ventriculi lateralis + FMA:83700 + FMA:TA + + + + + + cornu posterius (ventriculi lateralis) + FMA:83700 + FMA:TA + + + + + + cornu posterius ventriculi lateralis + FMA:83700 + FMA:TA + + + + + + occipital horn + BIRNLEX:1297 + + + + + occipital horn of lateral ventricle + FMA:83700 + + + + + posterior horn lateral ventricle + BIRNLEX:1297 + + + + + posterior horn of lateral ventricle + FMA:83700 + + + + + posterior horn of the lateral ventricle + BIRNLEX:1297 + + + + + ventriculus lateralis, cornu occipitale + FMA:83700 + FMA:TA + + + + + + ventriculus lateralis, cornu posterius + FMA:83700 + FMA:TA + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The costocervical trunk arises from the upper and back part of the subclavian artery, behind the scalenus anterior on the right side, and medial to that muscle on the left side. Passing backward, it splits into the deep cervical artery and the supreme intercostal artery (or the Highest intercostal artery), which descends behind the pleura in front of the necks of the first and second ribs, and anastomoses with the first aortic intercostal (3rd posterior intercostal artery). As it crosses the neck of the first rib it lies medial to the anterior division of the first thoracic nerve, and lateral to the first thoracic ganglion of the sympathetic trunk. In the first intercostal space, it gives off a branch which is distributed in a manner similar to the distribution of the aortic intercostals. The branch for the second intercostal space usually joins with one from the highest aortic intercostal artery. This branch is not constant, but is more commonly found on the right side; when absent, its place is supplied by an intercostal branch from the aorta. Each intercostal gives off a posterior branch which goes to the posterior vertebral muscles, and sends a small spinal branch through the corresponding intervertebral foramen to the medulla spinalis and its membranes. [WP,unvetted]. + EMAPA:37496 + FMA:10636 + MA:0001939 + SCTID:244225009 + Wikipedia:Costocervical_trunk + costocervical trunk + trunk of costocervical artery + uberon + truncus costocervicalis + UBERON:0004688 + + costo-cervical trunk + costo-cervical trunk + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b3/Costocervical_trunk_with_branches.png + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.166908 + + + + + The costocervical trunk arises from the upper and back part of the subclavian artery, behind the scalenus anterior on the right side, and medial to that muscle on the left side. Passing backward, it splits into the deep cervical artery and the supreme intercostal artery (or the Highest intercostal artery), which descends behind the pleura in front of the necks of the first and second ribs, and anastomoses with the first aortic intercostal (3rd posterior intercostal artery). As it crosses the neck of the first rib it lies medial to the anterior division of the first thoracic nerve, and lateral to the first thoracic ganglion of the sympathetic trunk. In the first intercostal space, it gives off a branch which is distributed in a manner similar to the distribution of the aortic intercostals. The branch for the second intercostal space usually joins with one from the highest aortic intercostal artery. This branch is not constant, but is more commonly found on the right side; when absent, its place is supplied by an intercostal branch from the aorta. Each intercostal gives off a posterior branch which goes to the posterior vertebral muscles, and sends a small spinal branch through the corresponding intervertebral foramen to the medulla spinalis and its membranes. [WP,unvetted]. + Wikipedia:Costocervical_trunk + + + + + EMAPA:37496 + MA:th + + + + + costocervical trunk + FMA:10636 + + + + + trunk of costocervical artery + FMA:10636 + + + + + truncus costocervicalis + Wikipedia:Costocervical_trunk + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The nasofrontal vein is a vein in the eye which drains to the superior ophthalmic vein. + EMAPA:37227 + FMA:51729 + MA:0002182 + SCTID:44840002 + Wikipedia:Nasofrontal_vein + nasofrontal vein + uberon + UBERON:0004689 + + naso-frontal vein + naso-frontal vein + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.166481 + + + + + The nasofrontal vein is a vein in the eye which drains to the superior ophthalmic vein. + Wikipedia:Nasofrontal_vein + + + + + EMAPA:37227 + MA:th + + + + + nasofrontal vein + FMA:51729 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of an arterial system [Automatically generated definition]. + EMAPA:36503 + MA:0000704 + uberon + UBERON:0004695 + + arterial system smooth muscle + arterial system smooth muscle + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:09:38.899688 + + + + + A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of an arterial system [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a venous system [Automatically generated definition]. + EMAPA:36613 + MA:0000715 + uberon + UBERON:0004696 + + venous system smooth muscle + venous system smooth muscle + + + + + A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a venous system [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any of the veins that parallel the arcuate arteries, receive blood from the interlobular veins and straight venules, and terminate in the interlobar veins. + + arcuate vein + EMAPA:28221 + FMA:272193 + FMA:321527 + MA:0002593 + Wikipedia:Arcuate_vein + arciform vein of kidney + arcuate vein of kidney + renal arcuate vein + venae arcuatae renis + uberon + arcuate veins + UBERON:0004719 + + + kidney arcuate vein + kidney arcuate vein + Kidney:PioM.png + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.166065 + + + + + Any of the veins that parallel the arcuate arteries, receive blood from the interlobular veins and straight venules, and terminate in the interlobar veins. + ISBN:0-683-40008-8 + MP:0011325 + + + + + arcuate vein + MA:0002593 + + + + + arciform vein of kidney + MP:0011325 + + + + + arcuate vein of kidney + MP:0011325 + + + + + renal arcuate vein + MP:0011325 + + + + + venae arcuatae renis + Wikipedia:Arcuate_vein + + + + + + arcuate veins + Wikipedia:Arcuate_vein + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A subregion of the cerebellar cortex, consisting of the most medial zone of the cerebellar cortex, stradding the midline. May be continuous with the lateral cerebellar hemispheres in some areas of the cerebellum, e.g., dorsally, or separated by deeper fissures in others (e.g., ventrally). + + In bony fish, or teleosts, it has been proposed that the cerebellar auricles, which receive a large amount of input from the vestibulolateral line system, constitute the vestibulocerebellum and are homologues of the flocculonodular lobe of higher vertebrates along with the corpus cerebelli, which receives spinocerebellar and tectocerebellar fibers. The labyrinth and the lateral line organs of lampreys have structural and functional similarity. An important difference between the two structures is that the arrangement of the lateral line organs are such that they are sensitive to relative motion of the fluid surrounding the animal, whereas the labyrinths, having very similar sensing mechanisms, are sensitive to endolymph, providing information concerning the animal's own equilibrium of the body and orientation in space + we follow MBA and NIFSTD in making this part of the cerebellar cortex, but FMA may handle this differently + BAMS:VERM + BAMS:Ver + BIRNLEX:1106 + BIRNLEX:1175 + CALOHA:TS-2059 + DHBA:10658 + DMBA:16814 + EMAPA:35214 + EV:0100298 + FMA:76928 + HBA:4698 + MA:0000202 + MBA:645 + NCIT:C33866 + SCTID:279105006 + UMLS:C0228482 + Wikipedia:Cerebellar_vermis + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2463 + cerebellum vermis + vermal parts of the cerebellum + vermal regions + vermis cerebelli [I-X] + vermis of cerebellum + vermis of cerebellum [I-X] + uberon + vermis + vermis cerebelli + UBERON:0004720 + + + cerebellar vermis + cerebellar vermis + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/43/CerebellumDiv.png + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:00:32.978297 + + + + + A subregion of the cerebellar cortex, consisting of the most medial zone of the cerebellar cortex, stradding the midline. May be continuous with the lateral cerebellar hemispheres in some areas of the cerebellum, e.g., dorsally, or separated by deeper fissures in others (e.g., ventrally). + BIRNLEX:1106 + + + + + In bony fish, or teleosts, it has been proposed that the cerebellar auricles, which receive a large amount of input from the vestibulolateral line system, constitute the vestibulocerebellum and are homologues of the flocculonodular lobe of higher vertebrates along with the corpus cerebelli, which receives spinocerebellar and tectocerebellar fibers. The labyrinth and the lateral line organs of lampreys have structural and functional similarity. An important difference between the two structures is that the arrangement of the lateral line organs are such that they are sensitive to relative motion of the fluid surrounding the animal, whereas the labyrinths, having very similar sensing mechanisms, are sensitive to endolymph, providing information concerning the animal's own equilibrium of the body and orientation in space + WP + + + + + we follow MBA and NIFSTD in making this part of the cerebellar cortex, but FMA may handle this differently + NIF + + + + + UMLS:C0228482 + BIRNLEX:1106 + + + + + UMLS:C0228482 + ncithesaurus:Vermis + + + + + cerebellum vermis + FMA:76928 + + + + + vermal parts of the cerebellum + BIRNLEX:1175 + + + + + vermal regions + ABA:VERM + + + + + vermis cerebelli [I-X] + FMA:76928 + FMA:TA + + + + + + vermis of cerebellum + FMA:76928 + + + + + vermis of cerebellum [I-X] + FMA:76928 + + + + + vermis + Wikipedia:Cerebellar_vermis + + + + + vermis cerebelli + Wikipedia:Cerebellar_vermis + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The branches of the arcuate arteries of the kidney that radiate outward throught the renal columns and supply the glomeruli[MP]. The first set of renal bloodvessels, the interlobular arteries (or cortical radiate arteries, or cortical radial arteries), are given off at right angles from the side of the arcuate arteries looking toward the cortical substance, and pass directly outward between the medullary rays to reach the fibrous tunic, where they end in the capillary network of this part. These vessels do not anastomose with each other, but form what are called end-arteries. In their outward course they give off lateral branches; these are the afferent vessels for the renal corpuscles; they enter the capsule, and end in the glomerulus. From each tuft the corresponding efferent vessel arises, and, having made its egress from the capsule near to the point where the afferent vessel enters, breaks up into a number of branches, which form a dense plexus within Bowman's capsule. + EMAPA:28212 + FMA:70498 + MA:0002584 + NCIT:C32826 + SCTID:76147008 + UMLS:C1512856 + Wikipedia:Interlobular_arteries + interlobular renal artery + kidney interlobular artery + uberon + arteriae corticales radiatae + arteriae interlobulares renis + cortical radial arteries + interlobular + renal interlobular artery + UBERON:0004723 + + + interlobular artery + interlobular artery + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/02/Gray1128.png + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.166642 + + + + + The branches of the arcuate arteries of the kidney that radiate outward throught the renal columns and supply the glomeruli[MP]. The first set of renal bloodvessels, the interlobular arteries (or cortical radiate arteries, or cortical radial arteries), are given off at right angles from the side of the arcuate arteries looking toward the cortical substance, and pass directly outward between the medullary rays to reach the fibrous tunic, where they end in the capillary network of this part. These vessels do not anastomose with each other, but form what are called end-arteries. In their outward course they give off lateral branches; these are the afferent vessels for the renal corpuscles; they enter the capsule, and end in the glomerulus. From each tuft the corresponding efferent vessel arises, and, having made its egress from the capsule near to the point where the afferent vessel enters, breaks up into a number of branches, which form a dense plexus within Bowman's capsule. + MP:0011316 + Wikipedia:Interlobular_arteries + + + + + UMLS:C1512856 + ncithesaurus:Interlobular_Artery + + + + + interlobular renal artery + FMA:70498 + + + + + kidney interlobular artery + MP:0011316 + + + + + arteriae corticales radiatae + Wikipedia:Interlobular_arteries + + + + + + arteriae interlobulares renis + Wikipedia:Interlobular_arteries + + + + + + cortical radial arteries + Wikipedia:Interlobular_arteries + + + + + interlobular + Wikipedia:Interlobular_arteries + + + + + renal interlobular artery + FMA:70498 + + + + + + + + The subdivision of the laminated olfactory cortex with only three main layers that receive monosynaptic input from the olfactory bulb via the lateral olfactory tract; it is located bilaterally in the ventrolateral forebrain and is commonly divided into anterior and posterior regions. + Piriform cortical regions are present in the brains of amphibians, reptiles and mammals. The piriform cortex is among three areas that emerge in the telencephalon of amphibians, situated caudally to a dorsal area, which is caudal to a hippocampal area. Farther along the phylogenic timeline, the telencephalic bulb of reptiles as viewed in a cross section of the transverse plane extends with the archipallial hippocampus folding toward the midline and down as the dorsal area begins to form a recognizable cortex. As mammalian cerebrums developed, volume of the dorsal cortex increased in slightly greater proportion, as compared proportionally with increased overall brain volume, until it enveloped the hippocampal regions. Recognized as neopallium or neocortex, enlarged dorsal areas envelop the paleopallial piriform cortex in humans and Old World monkeys. Among taxonomic groupings of mammals, the piriform cortex and the olfactory bulb become proportionally smaller in the brains of phylogenically younger species. The piriform cortex occupies a greater proportion of the overall brain and of the telencephalic brains of insectivores than in primates. The piriform cortex continues to occupy a consistent albeit small and declining proportion of the increasingly large telencephalon in the most recent primate species while the volume of the olfactory bulb becomes less in proportion + BAMS:PIR + BAMS:Pir + BIRNLEX:1097 + BTO:0002651 + DHBA:10311 + EMAPA:32767 + EV:0100178 + HBA:10142 + MA:0000978 + SCTID:369098004 + UMLS:C0228280 + Wikipedia:Piriform_cortex + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=165 + cortex piriformis + primary olfactory areas + uberon + area prepiriformis + eupalaeocortex + olfactory pallium + palaeocortex II + paleopallium + piriform area + piriform lobe + primary olfactory cortex + pyriform cortex + pyriform lobe + regio praepiriformis + UBERON:0004725 + + + piriform cortex + piriform cortex + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b1/Human_brainstem_anterior_view_2_description.JPG + + + + + The subdivision of the laminated olfactory cortex with only three main layers that receive monosynaptic input from the olfactory bulb via the lateral olfactory tract; it is located bilaterally in the ventrolateral forebrain and is commonly divided into anterior and posterior regions. + MP:0010009 + PMID:17714095 + + + + + Piriform cortical regions are present in the brains of amphibians, reptiles and mammals. The piriform cortex is among three areas that emerge in the telencephalon of amphibians, situated caudally to a dorsal area, which is caudal to a hippocampal area. Farther along the phylogenic timeline, the telencephalic bulb of reptiles as viewed in a cross section of the transverse plane extends with the archipallial hippocampus folding toward the midline and down as the dorsal area begins to form a recognizable cortex. As mammalian cerebrums developed, volume of the dorsal cortex increased in slightly greater proportion, as compared proportionally with increased overall brain volume, until it enveloped the hippocampal regions. Recognized as neopallium or neocortex, enlarged dorsal areas envelop the paleopallial piriform cortex in humans and Old World monkeys. Among taxonomic groupings of mammals, the piriform cortex and the olfactory bulb become proportionally smaller in the brains of phylogenically younger species. The piriform cortex occupies a greater proportion of the overall brain and of the telencephalic brains of insectivores than in primates. The piriform cortex continues to occupy a consistent albeit small and declining proportion of the increasingly large telencephalon in the most recent primate species while the volume of the olfactory bulb becomes less in proportion + WP + + + + + UMLS:C0228280 + BIRNLEX:1097 + + + + + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=165 + BIRNLEX:1097 + + + + + cortex piriformis + Wikipedia:Piriform_cortex + + + + + + primary olfactory areas + BIRNLEX:2706 + + + + + area prepiriformis + NeuroNames:165 + + + + + + eupalaeocortex + NeuroNames:165 + + + + + + olfactory pallium + ISBN:0471888893 + + + + + palaeocortex II + NeuroNames:165 + + + + + + paleopallium + Wikipedia:Piriform_cortex + + + + + piriform area + BTO:0002651 + MA:0000978 + + + + + piriform lobe + BTO:0002651 + + + + + primary olfactory cortex + Wikipedia:Piriform_cortex + + + + + + pyriform cortex + Wikipedia:Piriform_cortex + + + + + pyriform lobe + Wikipedia:Piriform_cortex + + + + + regio praepiriformis + NeuroNames:165 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + In the blood supply of the kidney, the vasa recta renis (or straight arteries of kidney, or straight arterioles of kidney) form a series of straight capillaries in the medulla. They lie parallel to the loop of Henle. These vessels branch off the efferent arterioles of juxtamedullary nephrons (those nephrons closest to the medulla), enter the medulla, and surround the loop of Henle. + TODO - is this a vein or set of veins? in MA it is a venous blood vessel + EMAPA:30043 + FMA:72006 + MA:0002595 + Wikipedia:Vasa_recta + galen:ArteriaeRectae + arteriolae rectae renis + kidney vasa recta + renal medullary capillary + set of straight arterioles of kidney + straight arterioles of kidney + vasa recta of kidney + vasa recta renis + uberon + arteria recta + arteriae rectae + arteriolae rectae renis + arteriolae recti + vasa rectae + UBERON:0004726 + + + vasa recta + vasa recta + Kidney:nephron.png + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.167936 + + + + + In the blood supply of the kidney, the vasa recta renis (or straight arteries of kidney, or straight arterioles of kidney) form a series of straight capillaries in the medulla. They lie parallel to the loop of Henle. These vessels branch off the efferent arterioles of juxtamedullary nephrons (those nephrons closest to the medulla), enter the medulla, and surround the loop of Henle. + Wikipedia:Vasa_recta + + + + + arteriolae rectae renis + FMA:72006 + FMA:TA + + + + + + kidney vasa recta + MP:0011324 + + + + + renal medullary capillary + EMAPA:30043 + + + + + set of straight arterioles of kidney + FMA:72006 + + + + + straight arterioles of kidney + FMA:72006 + + + + + vasa recta of kidney + FMA:72006 + + + + + vasa recta renis + FMA:72006 + FMA:TA + + + + + + arteria recta + Wikipedia:Vasa_recta + + + + + arteriae rectae + Wikipedia:Vasa_recta + + + + + arteriolae rectae renis + Wikipedia:Vasa_recta + + + + + + arteriolae recti + Wikipedia:Vasa_recta + + + + + vasa rectae + Wikipedia:Vasa_recta + + + + + + + + A gland that is part of an anal canal [Automatically generated definition]. + EMAPA:27221 + EMAPA:27233 + EMAPA:27543 + FMA:15720 + FMA:15724 + NCIT:C32068 + SCTID:245448005 + UMLS:C0162322 + Wikipedia:Anal_gland + gland of anal canal + uberon + anal gland + anal sac + gland of anus + rectal gland + UBERON:0004760 + + + gland of anal canal + anal gland + + + + + A gland that is part of an anal canal [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + Wikipedia:Anal_gland + + + + + UMLS:C0162322 + ncithesaurus:Anal_Gland + + + + + gland of anal canal + OBOL:automatic + + + + + anal sac + Wikipedia:Anal_gland + + + + + + + + + The thymic connective tissue which extends into the parenchyma. + MA:0002674 + NCIT:C33773 + UMLS:C1515431 + thymic trabecula + thymus gland trabecula + trabecula of thymus + trabecula of thymus gland + uberon + UBERON:0004791 + + + thymus trabecula + thymus trabecula + + + + + The thymic connective tissue which extends into the parenchyma. + ISBN:0-397-51047-0 + MGI:cwg + MP:0002370 + + + + + UMLS:C1515431 + ncithesaurus:Thymic_Trabecula + + + + + thymic trabecula + OBOL:automatic + + + + + thymus gland trabecula + OBOL:automatic + + + + + trabecula of thymus + OBOL:automatic + + + + + trabecula of thymus gland + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An epithelium that is part of a uterine cervix [Automatically generated definition]. + The epithelium of the cervix is varied. The ectocervix (more distal, by the vagina) is composed of nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium. The endocervix (more proximal, within the uterus) is composed of simple columnar epithelium + BTO:0000241 + CALOHA:TS-0137 + EFO:0001913 + EMAPA:29929 + MA:0001724 + NCIT:C49218 + UMLS:C1711358 + cervical canal epithelial tissue + cervical canal epithelium + cervical epithelium + cervix epithelial tissue + epithelium of cervix + uberon + UBERON:0004801 + + + + cervix epithelium + cervix epithelium + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:19:59.368965 + + + + + An epithelium that is part of a uterine cervix [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + The epithelium of the cervix is varied. The ectocervix (more distal, by the vagina) is composed of nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium. The endocervix (more proximal, within the uterus) is composed of simple columnar epithelium + Wikipedia:Cervix#Histology + + + + + UMLS:C1711358 + ncithesaurus:Cervix_Epithelium + + + + + cervical canal epithelial tissue + OBOL:automatic + + + + + cervical canal epithelium + OBOL:automatic + + + + + cervical epithelium + BTO:0000241 + + + + + cervix epithelial tissue + OBOL:automatic + + + + + epithelium of cervix + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + An epithelium that is part of a oviduct [Automatically generated definition]. + in FMA, epithelium of uterine tube is a subclass of ciliated columnar epithelium. MA introduces subtypes: ciliated columnar and cuboidal. We map the FMA type according to its relationships, not its label + BTO:0002402 + CALOHA:TS-1316 + EMAPA:29043 + MA:0001718 + epithelial tissue of oviduct + epithelium of fallopian tube + epithelium of oviduct + epithelium of uterine tube + oviduct epithelial tissue + uberon + columnar epithelium of the fallopian tube + columnar epithelium of the oviduct + fallopian tube epithelium + UBERON:0004804 + + oviduct epithelium + oviduct epithelium + + + + + An epithelium that is part of a oviduct [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + in FMA, epithelium of uterine tube is a subclass of ciliated columnar epithelium. MA introduces subtypes: ciliated columnar and cuboidal. We map the FMA type according to its relationships, not its label + FMA + + + + + epithelial tissue of oviduct + OBOL:automatic + + + + + epithelium of fallopian tube + OBOL:automatic + + + + + epithelium of oviduct + OBOL:automatic + + + + + epithelium of uterine tube + FMA:62016 + + + + + oviduct epithelial tissue + OBOL:automatic + + + + + columnar epithelium of the fallopian tube + BTO:0002402 + + + + + columnar epithelium of the oviduct + BTO:0002402 + + + + + fallopian tube epithelium + BTO:0002402 + + + + + + + + An endothelium of artery that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. + EMAPA:37566 + MA:0001801 + apparatus respiratorius arterial endothelium + apparatus respiratorius artery endothelium + apparatus respiratorius endothelium of artery + arterial endothelium of apparatus respiratorius + arterial endothelium of respiratory system + artery endothelium of apparatus respiratorius + artery endothelium of respiratory system + endothelium of artery of apparatus respiratorius + endothelium of artery of respiratory system + respiratory system artery endothelium + respiratory system endothelium of artery + uberon + UBERON:0004848 + + respiratory system arterial endothelium + respiratory system arterial endothelium + + + + + An endothelium of artery that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + EMAPA:37566 + MA:th + + + + + apparatus respiratorius arterial endothelium + OBOL:automatic + + + + + apparatus respiratorius artery endothelium + OBOL:automatic + + + + + apparatus respiratorius endothelium of artery + OBOL:automatic + + + + + arterial endothelium of apparatus respiratorius + OBOL:automatic + + + + + arterial endothelium of respiratory system + OBOL:automatic + + + + + artery endothelium of apparatus respiratorius + OBOL:automatic + + + + + artery endothelium of respiratory system + OBOL:automatic + + + + + endothelium of artery of apparatus respiratorius + OBOL:automatic + + + + + endothelium of artery of respiratory system + OBOL:automatic + + + + + respiratory system artery endothelium + OBOL:automatic + + + + + respiratory system endothelium of artery + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + An endothelium of vein that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. + EMAPA:37585 + MA:0001811 + apparatus respiratorius endothelium of vein + apparatus respiratorius vein endothelium + apparatus respiratorius venous endothelium + endothelium of vein of apparatus respiratorius + endothelium of vein of respiratory system + respiratory system endothelium of vein + respiratory system vein endothelium + vein endothelium of apparatus respiratorius + vein endothelium of respiratory system + venous endothelium of apparatus respiratorius + venous endothelium of respiratory system + uberon + UBERON:0004849 + + respiratory system venous endothelium + respiratory system venous endothelium + + + + + An endothelium of vein that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + EMAPA:37585 + MA:th + + + + + apparatus respiratorius endothelium of vein + OBOL:automatic + + + + + apparatus respiratorius vein endothelium + OBOL:automatic + + + + + apparatus respiratorius venous endothelium + OBOL:automatic + + + + + endothelium of vein of apparatus respiratorius + OBOL:automatic + + + + + endothelium of vein of respiratory system + OBOL:automatic + + + + + respiratory system endothelium of vein + OBOL:automatic + + + + + respiratory system vein endothelium + OBOL:automatic + + + + + vein endothelium of apparatus respiratorius + OBOL:automatic + + + + + vein endothelium of respiratory system + OBOL:automatic + + + + + venous endothelium of apparatus respiratorius + OBOL:automatic + + + + + venous endothelium of respiratory system + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A vasculature that is part of a retina [Automatically generated definition]. + + FMA:76552 + MESH:D012171 + XAO:0004153 + retina vasculature + retina vasculature of camera-type eye + retinal blood vessels + retinal blood vessels set + retinal vasculature + set of blood vessels of retina + set of retinal blood vessels + vasa sanguinea retinae + uberon + UBERON:0004864 + + + vasculature of retina + retinal vasculature + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:02:14.759341 + + + + + A vasculature that is part of a retina [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + PMID:21622558 + PMID:2772405 + michaelerice + + + + + retina vasculature + GO:0061298 + + + + + retina vasculature of camera-type eye + GO:0061298 + + + + + retinal blood vessels + FMA:76552 + + + + + retinal blood vessels set + FMA:76552 + + + + + retinal vasculature + OBOL:automatic + + + + + set of blood vessels of retina + OBOL:automatic + + + + + set of retinal blood vessels + FMA:76552 + + + + + vasa sanguinea retinae + FMA:76552 + FMA:TA + + + + + + + + + The mass of tissue composed of mesenchymal cells in the lobar bronchus.. + EMAPA:32698 + mesenchyme of lobar bronchus + uberon + UBERON:0004884 + + lobar bronchus mesenchyme + lobar bronchus mesenchyme + + + + + The mass of tissue composed of mesenchymal cells in the lobar bronchus.. + GO:0060483 + + + + + mesenchyme of lobar bronchus + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + Vasculature that is composed of the tubule structures that carry blood or lymph in the lungs. + uberon + UBERON:0004889 + + lobar bronchus vasculature + lobar bronchus vasculature + lobar bronchus vasculature' + + + + + Vasculature that is composed of the tubule structures that carry blood or lymph in the lungs. + LG:0012616 + + + + + + + + A branch point connecting the respiratory bronchioles to the alveolar ducts[MP]. + EMAPA:37448 + uberon + UBERON:0004903 + + + bronchoalveolar duct junction + bronchoalveolar duct junction + + + + + A branch point connecting the respiratory bronchioles to the alveolar ducts[MP]. + MP:0004390 + + + + + EMAPA:37448 + MA:th + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A dilation of the duodenal papilla that is the opening of the juncture of the common bile duct and the main pancreatic duct. + Ampulla formed by the union of the pancreatic duct and the common bile duct where they enter the intestine.[TAO] + CALOHA:TS-2348 + FMA:15076 + GAID:283 + MESH:A03.159.183.079.300.900 + NCIT:C13011 + SCTID:362200007 + TAO:0005167 + UMLS:C0042425 + Wikipedia:Ampulla_of_Vater + ZFA:0005167 + galen:AmpullaOfVater + Vater's ampulla + ampulla biliaropancreatica + ampulla of Vater + ampulla of bile duct + biliaropancreatic ampulla + papilla Vateri + uberon + ampulla Vaterii + ampulla hepatopancreatica + papilla duodeni major + UBERON:0004913 + + + hepatopancreatic ampulla + hepatopancreatic ampulla + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1e/Biliary_system_new.svg + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:12:51.607370 + + + + + A dilation of the duodenal papilla that is the opening of the juncture of the common bile duct and the main pancreatic duct. + Wikipedia:Ampulla_of_Vater + + + + + Ampulla formed by the union of the pancreatic duct and the common bile duct where they enter the intestine.[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0005167 + TAO + ZFIN:ZDB-PUB-070212-11 + ZFIN:ZDB-PUB-080414-12 + + + + + UMLS:C0042425 + ncithesaurus:Ampulla_of_Vater + + + + + ampulla biliaropancreatica + FMA:15076 + FMA:TA + + + + + + ampulla of bile duct + FMA:15076 + + + + + papilla Vateri + ZFA:0005167 + + + + + ampulla Vaterii + Wikipedia:Ampulla_of_Vater + + + + + + ampulla hepatopancreatica + Wikipedia:Ampulla_of_Vater + + + + + + papilla duodeni major + ZFA:0005167 + + + + + + + + Muscular valve that controls the flow of digestive juices (bile and pancreatic juice) through the ampulla of Vater into the second part of the duodenum. Relaxed by the hormone Cholecystokinin (CCK) via vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP).[WP]. + EMAPA:18663 + FMA:15077 + GAID:285 + MESH:A03.159.183.079.300.900.600 + NCIT:C13065 + SCTID:181271000 + UMLS:C0028872 + Wikipedia:Sphincter_of_ampulla + Oddi's sphincter + hepatopancreatic ampullary sphincter + musculus sphincter ampullae + musculus sphincter ampullae hepatopancreatica + sphincter of Oddi + sphincter of ampulla of vater + uberon + UBERON:0004915 + + sphincter of hepatopancreatic ampulla + sphincter of hepatopancreatic ampulla + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/43/Gray1057.png + + + + + Muscular valve that controls the flow of digestive juices (bile and pancreatic juice) through the ampulla of Vater into the second part of the duodenum. Relaxed by the hormone Cholecystokinin (CCK) via vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP).[WP]. + Wikipedia:Sphincter_of_ampulla + + + + + UMLS:C0028872 + ncithesaurus:Sphincter_of_Oddi + + + + + hepatopancreatic ampullary sphincter + FMA:15077 + + + + + musculus sphincter ampullae + FMA:15077 + + + + + musculus sphincter ampullae hepatopancreatica + FMA:15077 + FMA:TA + + + + + + sphincter of ampulla of vater + FMA:15077 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A submucosa that is part of a cecum [Automatically generated definition]. + FMA:14999 + caecum submucosa + cecum submucosa + intestinum crassum caecum submucosa + submucosa of caecum + submucosa of intestinum crassum caecum + uberon + UBERON:0004927 + + submucosa of cecum + submucosa of cecum + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:07:07.585571 + + + + + A submucosa that is part of a cecum [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + caecum submucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + cecum submucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + intestinum crassum caecum submucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + submucosa of caecum + OBOL:automatic + + + + + submucosa of intestinum crassum caecum + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A submucosa that is part of an appendix [Automatically generated definition]. + FMA:14992 + SCTID:86833001 + appendiceal submucosa + appendix submucosa + caecal appendix submucosa + submucosa of caecal appendix + submucosa of vermiform appendix + submucosa of vermix + vermiform appendix submucosa + vermix submucosa + uberon + UBERON:0004928 + + submucosa of appendix + submucosa of appendix + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:07:07.585577 + + + + + A submucosa that is part of an appendix [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + appendiceal submucosa + FMA:14992 + + + + + appendix submucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + caecal appendix submucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + submucosa of caecal appendix + OBOL:automatic + + + + + submucosa of vermiform appendix + OBOL:automatic + + + + + submucosa of vermix + OBOL:automatic + + + + + vermiform appendix submucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + vermix submucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The submucous layer of the wall of the urinary bladder. + BTO:0002117 + EMAPA:32275 + FMA:15929 + SCTID:88384001 + bladder submucosa + submucosa of bladder + tela submucosa (vesica urinaria) + tela submucosa vesicae + tela submucosa vesicae urinariae + urinary bladder submucosa + uberon + submucous layer of urinary bladder + UBERON:0004943 + + submucosa of urinary bladder + submucosa of urinary bladder + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:19:15.944983 + + + + + The submucous layer of the wall of the urinary bladder. + BTO:0002117 + + + + + bladder submucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + submucosa of bladder + OBOL:automatic + + + + + tela submucosa (vesica urinaria) + FMA:15929 + FMA:TA + + + + + + tela submucosa vesicae + FMA:15929 + FMA:TA + + + + + + tela submucosa vesicae urinariae + BTO:0002117 + + + + + urinary bladder submucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + submucous layer of urinary bladder + BTO:0002117 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A submucosa that is part of a trigone of urinary bladder [Automatically generated definition]. + EMAPA:32304 + FMA:17852 + Lieutaud ' s trigone submucosa + deep trigone submucosa + submucosa of Lieutaud ' s trigone + submucosa of deep trigone + submucosa of trigone of bladder + submucosa of urinary bladder trigone + submucosa of vesical trigone + trigone of bladder submucosa + trigone of urinary bladder submucosa + urinary bladder trigone submucosa + vesical trigone submucosa + uberon + UBERON:0004944 + + submucosa of trigone of urinary bladder + submucosa of trigone of urinary bladder + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:19:15.944899 + + + + + A submucosa that is part of a trigone of urinary bladder [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + Lieutaud ' s trigone submucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + deep trigone submucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + submucosa of Lieutaud ' s trigone + OBOL:automatic + + + + + submucosa of deep trigone + OBOL:automatic + + + + + submucosa of trigone of bladder + OBOL:automatic + + + + + submucosa of urinary bladder trigone + OBOL:automatic + + + + + submucosa of vesical trigone + OBOL:automatic + + + + + trigone of bladder submucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + trigone of urinary bladder submucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + urinary bladder trigone submucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + vesical trigone submucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A submucosa that is part of a ileum [Automatically generated definition]. + FMA:14957 + SCTID:65374006 + ileal submucosa + ileum submucosa + uberon + UBERON:0004946 + + submucosa of ileum + submucosa of ileum + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:16:11.985154 + + + + + A submucosa that is part of a ileum [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + ileal submucosa + FMA:14957 + + + + + ileum submucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A mucosa that is part of an appendix [Automatically generated definition]. + CALOHA:TS-2022 + FMA:14991 + SCTID:362155000 + appendiceal mucous membrane + appendix mucosa + appendix mucosa of organ + appendix mucous membrane + appendix organ mucosa + caecal appendix mucosa + caecal appendix mucosa of organ + caecal appendix mucous membrane + caecal appendix organ mucosa + mucosa of caecal appendix + mucosa of organ of appendix + mucosa of organ of caecal appendix + mucosa of organ of vermiform appendix + mucosa of organ of vermix + mucosa of vermiform appendix + mucosa of vermix + mucous membrane of appendix + mucous membrane of caecal appendix + mucous membrane of vermiform appendix + mucous membrane of vermix + organ mucosa of appendix + organ mucosa of caecal appendix + organ mucosa of vermiform appendix + organ mucosa of vermix + vermiform appendix mucosa + vermiform appendix mucosa of organ + vermiform appendix mucous membrane + vermiform appendix organ mucosa + vermix mucosa + vermix mucosa of organ + vermix mucous membrane + vermix organ mucosa + uberon + UBERON:0004989 + + mucosa of appendix + mucosa + mucosa of appendix + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:07:07.585516 + + + + + A mucosa that is part of an appendix [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + appendiceal mucous membrane + FMA:14991 + + + + + appendix mucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + appendix mucosa of organ + OBOL:automatic + + + + + appendix mucous membrane + OBOL:automatic + + + + + appendix organ mucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + caecal appendix mucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + caecal appendix mucosa of organ + OBOL:automatic + + + + + caecal appendix mucous membrane + OBOL:automatic + + + + + caecal appendix organ mucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mucosa of caecal appendix + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mucosa of organ of appendix + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mucosa of organ of caecal appendix + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mucosa of organ of vermiform appendix + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mucosa of organ of vermix + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mucosa of vermiform appendix + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mucosa of vermix + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mucous membrane of appendix + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mucous membrane of caecal appendix + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mucous membrane of vermiform appendix + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mucous membrane of vermix + OBOL:automatic + + + + + organ mucosa of appendix + OBOL:automatic + + + + + organ mucosa of caecal appendix + OBOL:automatic + + + + + organ mucosa of vermiform appendix + OBOL:automatic + + + + + organ mucosa of vermix + OBOL:automatic + + + + + vermiform appendix mucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + vermiform appendix mucosa of organ + OBOL:automatic + + + + + vermiform appendix mucous membrane + OBOL:automatic + + + + + vermiform appendix organ mucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + vermix mucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + vermix mucosa of organ + OBOL:automatic + + + + + vermix mucous membrane + OBOL:automatic + + + + + vermix organ mucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A mucosa that is part of a left ureter [Automatically generated definition]. + FMA:17807 + left ureter mucosa + left ureter mucosa of organ + left ureter mucous membrane + left ureter organ mucosa + left ureteral mucosa + mucosa of organ of left ureter + mucous membrane of left ureter + organ mucosa of left ureter + uberon + UBERON:0005005 + + mucosa of left ureter + mucosa of left ureter + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:18:38.847135 + + + + + A mucosa that is part of a left ureter [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + left ureter mucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + left ureter mucosa of organ + OBOL:automatic + + + + + left ureter mucous membrane + OBOL:automatic + + + + + left ureter organ mucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + left ureteral mucosa + FMA:17807 + + + + + mucosa of organ of left ureter + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mucous membrane of left ureter + OBOL:automatic + + + + + organ mucosa of left ureter + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A mucosa that is part of a trigone of urinary bladder [Automatically generated definition]. + FMA:17847 + Lieutaud ' s trigone mucosa + Lieutaud ' s trigone mucosa of organ + Lieutaud ' s trigone mucous membrane + Lieutaud ' s trigone organ mucosa + deep trigone mucosa + deep trigone mucosa of organ + deep trigone mucous membrane + deep trigone organ mucosa + mucosa of Lieutaud ' s trigone + mucosa of deep trigone + mucosa of organ of Lieutaud ' s trigone + mucosa of organ of deep trigone + mucosa of organ of trigone of bladder + mucosa of organ of trigone of urinary bladder + mucosa of organ of urinary bladder trigone + mucosa of organ of vesical trigone + mucosa of trigone of bladder + mucosa of urinary bladder trigone + mucosa of vesical trigone + mucous membrane of Lieutaud ' s trigone + mucous membrane of deep trigone + mucous membrane of trigone of bladder + mucous membrane of trigone of urinary bladder + mucous membrane of urinary bladder trigone + mucous membrane of vesical trigone + organ mucosa of Lieutaud ' s trigone + organ mucosa of deep trigone + organ mucosa of trigone of bladder + organ mucosa of trigone of urinary bladder + organ mucosa of urinary bladder trigone + organ mucosa of vesical trigone + trigone of bladder mucosa + trigone of bladder mucosa of organ + trigone of bladder mucous membrane + trigone of bladder organ mucosa + trigone of urinary bladder mucosa + trigone of urinary bladder mucosa of organ + trigone of urinary bladder mucous membrane + trigone of urinary bladder organ mucosa + urinary bladder trigone mucosa + urinary bladder trigone mucosa of organ + urinary bladder trigone mucous membrane + urinary bladder trigone organ mucosa + vesical trigone mucosa + vesical trigone mucosa of organ + vesical trigone mucous membrane + vesical trigone organ mucosa + uberon + UBERON:0005009 + + mucosa of trigone of urinary bladder + mucosa of trigone of urinary bladder + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:19:15.944964 + + + + + A mucosa that is part of a trigone of urinary bladder [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + Lieutaud ' s trigone mucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + Lieutaud ' s trigone mucosa of organ + OBOL:automatic + + + + + Lieutaud ' s trigone mucous membrane + OBOL:automatic + + + + + Lieutaud ' s trigone organ mucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + deep trigone mucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + deep trigone mucosa of organ + OBOL:automatic + + + + + deep trigone mucous membrane + OBOL:automatic + + + + + deep trigone organ mucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mucosa of Lieutaud ' s trigone + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mucosa of deep trigone + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mucosa of organ of Lieutaud ' s trigone + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mucosa of organ of deep trigone + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mucosa of organ of trigone of bladder + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mucosa of organ of trigone of urinary bladder + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mucosa of organ of urinary bladder trigone + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mucosa of organ of vesical trigone + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mucosa of trigone of bladder + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mucosa of urinary bladder trigone + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mucosa of vesical trigone + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mucous membrane of Lieutaud ' s trigone + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mucous membrane of deep trigone + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mucous membrane of trigone of bladder + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mucous membrane of trigone of urinary bladder + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mucous membrane of urinary bladder trigone + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mucous membrane of vesical trigone + OBOL:automatic + + + + + organ mucosa of Lieutaud ' s trigone + OBOL:automatic + + + + + organ mucosa of deep trigone + OBOL:automatic + + + + + organ mucosa of trigone of bladder + OBOL:automatic + + + + + organ mucosa of trigone of urinary bladder + OBOL:automatic + + + + + organ mucosa of urinary bladder trigone + OBOL:automatic + + + + + organ mucosa of vesical trigone + OBOL:automatic + + + + + trigone of bladder mucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + trigone of bladder mucosa of organ + OBOL:automatic + + + + + trigone of bladder mucous membrane + OBOL:automatic + + + + + trigone of bladder organ mucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + trigone of urinary bladder mucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + trigone of urinary bladder mucosa of organ + OBOL:automatic + + + + + trigone of urinary bladder mucous membrane + OBOL:automatic + + + + + trigone of urinary bladder organ mucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + urinary bladder trigone mucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + urinary bladder trigone mucosa of organ + OBOL:automatic + + + + + urinary bladder trigone mucous membrane + OBOL:automatic + + + + + urinary bladder trigone organ mucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + vesical trigone mucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + vesical trigone mucosa of organ + OBOL:automatic + + + + + vesical trigone mucous membrane + OBOL:automatic + + + + + vesical trigone organ mucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + A mucosa that is part of a fallopian tube [Automatically generated definition]. + FMA:18319 + fallopian tube mucosa + fallopian tube mucosa of organ + fallopian tube mucous membrane + fallopian tube organ mucosa + mucosa of fallopian tube + mucosa of organ of fallopian tube + mucosa of organ of uterine tube + mucosa of oviduct + mucous membrane of fallopian tube + mucous membrane of uterine tube + organ mucosa of fallopian tube + organ mucosa of uterine tube + tunica mucosa tubae uterinae + uterine tubal mucosa + uterine tube mucosa + uterine tube mucosa of organ + uterine tube mucous membrane + uterine tube organ mucosa + uberon + UBERON:0005048 + + mucosa of uterine tube + mucosa of uterine tube + + + + + A mucosa that is part of a fallopian tube [Automatically generated definition]. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + fallopian tube mucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + fallopian tube mucosa of organ + OBOL:automatic + + + + + fallopian tube mucous membrane + OBOL:automatic + + + + + fallopian tube organ mucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mucosa of fallopian tube + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mucosa of organ of fallopian tube + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mucosa of organ of uterine tube + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mucosa of oviduct + FMA:18319 + + + + + mucous membrane of fallopian tube + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mucous membrane of uterine tube + OBOL:automatic + + + + + organ mucosa of fallopian tube + OBOL:automatic + + + + + organ mucosa of uterine tube + OBOL:automatic + + + + + tunica mucosa tubae uterinae + FMA:18319 + FMA:TA + + + + + + uterine tubal mucosa + FMA:18319 + + + + + uterine tube mucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + uterine tube mucosa of organ + OBOL:automatic + + + + + uterine tube mucous membrane + OBOL:automatic + + + + + uterine tube organ mucosa + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + The descending thin limb is a part of the loop of Henle situated just after the proximal straight tubule (S3). It extends to the tip of the loop of Henle[GO]. + UBERON:0005165 + EMAPA:35514 + FMA:17719 + MA:0002625 + Wikipedia:Descending_limb_of_loop_of_Henle + descending thin limb of loop of Henle + loop of Henle descending thin limb + loop of Henle thin descending limb + pars descendens (tubulus attenuatus) + thin descending limb + uberon + descending limb of Henle's loop + descending limb of loop of Henle + thin descending limb of loop of Henle + thin descending limb of the loop of Henle + thin descending loop of Henle + UBERON:0005096 + + + descending thin limb + descending thin limb + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/02/Gray1128.png + + + + + The descending thin limb is a part of the loop of Henle situated just after the proximal straight tubule (S3). It extends to the tip of the loop of Henle[GO]. + GO:0072022 + Wikipedia:Descending_limb_of_loop_of_Henle + + + + + loop of Henle thin descending limb + MA:0002625 + + + + + pars descendens (tubulus attenuatus) + FMA:17719 + + + + + descending limb of Henle's loop + Wikipedia:Descending_limb_of_loop_of_Henle + + + + + descending limb of loop of Henle + Wikipedia:Descending_limb_of_loop_of_Henle + + + + + thin descending limb of loop of Henle + Wikipedia:Descending_limb_of_loop_of_Henle + + + + + thin descending limb of the loop of Henle + Wikipedia:Descending_limb_of_loop_of_Henle + + + + + thin descending loop of Henle + Wikipedia:Descending_limb_of_loop_of_Henle + + + + + + + + + The connecting tubule is a tubular segment of the nephron; it connects the distal convoluted tubule to the collecting duct[GO]. + BTO:0004539 + EMAPA:27758 + EMAPA:27790 + EMAPA:28011 + MA:0002610 + Wikipedia:Connecting_tubule + connecting tubule + kidney connecting tubule + uberon + tubulus renalis arcuatus + UBERON:0005097 + + renal connecting tubule + connecting tubule + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/02/Gray1128.png + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:04:44.729310 + + + + + The connecting tubule is a tubular segment of the nephron; it connects the distal convoluted tubule to the collecting duct[GO]. + GO:0072027 + Wikipedia:Connecting_tubule + + + + + connecting tubule + MA:0002610 + + + + + kidney connecting tubule + MA:0002610 + + + + + tubulus renalis arcuatus + Wikipedia:Connecting_tubule + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any of the veins that parallel the interlobular arteries, receiving blood from the peritubular capillary plexus and empty into the arcuate veins. + EMAPA:28218 + FMA:71634 + MA:0002594 + Wikipedia:Interlobular_veins + interlobular vein + venae interlobulares renis + uberon + interlobular veins of kidney + set of interlobular veins of kidney + venae interlobulares renis + UBERON:0005168 + + + renal interlobular vein + renal interlobular vein + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/02/Gray1128.png + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.165926 + + + + + Any of the veins that parallel the interlobular arteries, receiving blood from the peritubular capillary plexus and empty into the arcuate veins. + ISBN:0-683-40008-8 + MP:0011326 + + + + + interlobular vein + MA:0002594 + + + + + venae interlobulares renis + FMA:71634 + FMA:TA + + + + + + interlobular veins of kidney + FMA:71634 + + + + + set of interlobular veins of kidney + FMA:71634 + + + + + venae interlobulares renis + Wikipedia:Interlobular_veins + + + + + + + + + A layer of the ovarian follicle that consists of granulosa cells. + At one part of the mature follicle the cells of the membrana granulosa are collected into a mass which projects into the cavity of the follicle. This is termed the discus proligerus. [Wikipedia:Membrana_granulosa, Wikipedia:Membrana_granulosa] + membrana granulosa + EFO:0003628 + EMAPA:35633 + FMA:18660 + MA:0001460 + SCTID:258971005 + TAO:0001112 + Wikipedia:Membrana_granulosa + ZFA:0001112 + granulosa cell layer of ovarian follicle + membrana granulosa of ovarian follicle + ovary stratum granulosum + stratum granulosum of ovarian follicle + uberon + granulosa cell layer + granulosa cell layers + UBERON:0005170 + + + + granulosa cell layer + granulosa cell layer + + + + + A layer of the ovarian follicle that consists of granulosa cells. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + granulosa cell layer of ovarian follicle + FMA:18660 + + + + + membrana granulosa of ovarian follicle + FMA:18660 + + + + + ovary stratum granulosum + MA:0001460 + + + + + stratum granulosum of ovarian follicle + FMA:18660 + + + + + granulosa cell layer + TAO:0001112 + + + + + granulosa cell layers + ZFA:0001112 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An artery in males that provides blood to the vas deferens. The artery usually arises from the anterior trunk of the superior vesical artery. It accompanies the vas deferens into the testis, where it anastomoses with the testicular artery. In this way it also supplies blood to the testis and epididymis. A small branch supplies the ureter[WP]. + EMAPA:37513 + FMA:18930 + MA:0001940 + SCTID:279659005 + Wikipedia:Artery_to_the_ductus_deferens + arteria ductus deferentis + artery of ductus deferens + ductus deferens artery + vas deferens artery + uberon + UBERON:0005192 + + deferent duct artery + deferent duct artery + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:28.519488 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.166394 + + + + + An artery in males that provides blood to the vas deferens. The artery usually arises from the anterior trunk of the superior vesical artery. It accompanies the vas deferens into the testis, where it anastomoses with the testicular artery. In this way it also supplies blood to the testis and epididymis. A small branch supplies the ureter[WP]. + Wikipedia:Artery_to_the_ductus_deferens + + + + + EMAPA:37513 + MA:th + + + + + arteria ductus deferentis + Wikipedia:Artery_to_the_ductus_deferens + + + + + + artery of ductus deferens + FMA:18930 + + + + + ductus deferens artery + FMA:18930 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A germinal center that is part of the spleen. The spleen germinal center is located in a secondary B follicle in the white pulp of the spleen. + EMAPA:35803 + MA:0000764 + NCIT:C49760 + UMLS:C1710156 + germinal center of spleen + spleen GC + spleen follicle center + splenic germinal center + uberon + UBERON:0005196 + + + spleen germinal center + spleen germinal center + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:16:56.115501 + + + + + A germinal center that is part of the spleen. The spleen germinal center is located in a secondary B follicle in the white pulp of the spleen. + CL:tm + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/6 + + + + + UMLS:C1710156 + ncithesaurus:Spleen_Germinal_Center + + + + + spleen GC + MP:0008474 + + + + + spleen follicle center + MP:0008474 + + + + + splenic germinal center + MP:0008474 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A tubuloacinar seromucous gland that is located principally in the submucosa of the trachea. Excretory ducts from this gland pass through the lamina propria to the tracheal lumen. + These glands secrete mucus, lysozyme, defensins, and other agents that help protect the lungs from particles and infectious agents. + EMAPA:36574 + FMA:7473 + MA:0002937 + SCTID:197423006 + glandula trachealis + tracheal gland + uberon + tubular seromucous gland of trachea + UBERON:0005203 + + + + trachea gland + trachea gland + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:09:29.477228 + + + + + A tubuloacinar seromucous gland that is located principally in the submucosa of the trachea. Excretory ducts from this gland pass through the lamina propria to the tracheal lumen. + ISBN:1451113412 + MGI:Anna + PMID:15973734 + http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/tracheal+glands + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/1197 + + + + + glandula trachealis + FMA:7473 + + + + + tracheal gland + FMA:7473 + + + + + tubular seromucous gland of trachea + FMA:7473 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The interstitial compartment of the kidney, comprising the extravascular intertubular spaces of the renal parenchyma, with their attendant cellular elements and extracellular substances, bounded on all sides by epithelial and vascular basement membranes. + See https://sourceforge.net/p/geneontology/ontology-requests/10941/ + The interstitium is necessarily involved in all intrarenal exchange processes since the reabsorption and secretion of fluid and solutes implicates a transit across the interstitial compartment. + The fibroblasts in the interstitium provide the 'skeleton' of the tissue and maintain the three-dimensional architecture of the tissue. + EMAPA:28518 + FMA:70983 + MA:0002616 + NCIT:C33459 + SCTID:362210003 + interstitial tissue of kidney + renal interstitial tissue + renal interstitium + renal stroma + stroma of kidney + uberon + kidney interstitium group + UBERON:0005215 + + + kidney interstitium + kidney interstitium + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:04:49.725453 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:04:59.051309 + + + + + The interstitial compartment of the kidney, comprising the extravascular intertubular spaces of the renal parenchyma, with their attendant cellular elements and extracellular substances, bounded on all sides by epithelial and vascular basement membranes. + DOI:10.1038/ki.1991.49 + PMID:18575881 + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + renal interstitium + FMA:70983 + + + + + renal stroma + FMA:70983 + + + + + stroma of kidney + FMA:70983 + + + + + kidney interstitium group + EMAPA:28518 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The part of the renal cortex nearest to the medulla. + EMAPA:37623 + FMA:74288 + KUPO:0001008 + MA:0001648 + inner cortex of kidney + inner renal cortex + juxtamedullary cortex of kidney + uberon + UBERON:0005271 + + juxtamedullary cortex + juxtamedullary cortex + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:04:49.725486 + + + + + The part of the renal cortex nearest to the medulla. + http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/juxtamedullary+cortex + + + + + EMAPA:37623 + MA:th + + + + + inner cortex of kidney + FMA:74288 + + + + + inner renal cortex + KUPO:0001008 + + + + + juxtamedullary cortex of kidney + FMA:74288 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The tiny blood vessels that receive blood from the efferent arterioles of the glomerulus, and interact with superficial cortical nephrons allowing reabsorption and secretion between blood and the inner lumen of the nephron; peritubular capillaries are situated around the tubule and are at low pressure. + EMAPA:36558 + MA:0002588 + Wikipedia:Peritubular_capillaries + uberon + UBERON:0005272 + + + peritubular capillary + peritubular capillary + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:04:49.725448 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.167915 + + + + + The tiny blood vessels that receive blood from the efferent arterioles of the glomerulus, and interact with superficial cortical nephrons allowing reabsorption and secretion between blood and the inner lumen of the nephron; peritubular capillaries are situated around the tubule and are at low pressure. + MGI:csmith + MP:0011321 + + + + + + + + The gangliated plexus of unmyelinated nerve fibers that ramify the stomach and intestinal submucosa. + in FMA this is part of the esophagus, duodenum and intestine; this violates part-disjointness axioms in uberon + EMAPA:35834 + FMA:21542 + GAID:801 + MA:0001149 + MESH:D013368 + NCIT:C52747 + SCTID:322349001 + UMLS:C0038564 + Wikipedia:Meissner's_plexus + submucosal nerve plexus + uberon + Henle's plexus + Meissner's plexus + meissner's plexus + UBERON:0005304 + + + submucous nerve plexus + intermediate layer + submucosal plexus of Henle + submucosal plexus of Meissner + submucous nerve plexus + + + + + The gangliated plexus of unmyelinated nerve fibers that ramify the stomach and intestinal submucosa. + ISBN:0-683-40008-8 + MP:0010800 + + + + + in FMA this is part of the esophagus, duodenum and intestine; this violates part-disjointness axioms in uberon + FMA + + + + + UMLS:C0038564 + ncithesaurus:Submucous_Nerve_Plexus + + + + + submucosal nerve plexus + FMA:21542 + Wikipedia:Meissner's_plexus + + + + + Henle's plexus + MA:0001149 + + + + + Meissner's plexus + HP:0002251 + MA:0001149 + + + + + meissner's plexus + MA:0001149 + + + + + + + + An pulmonary artery endothelium is an epithelium that lines the pulmonary artery[GO]. + BTO:0000137 + pulmonary artery endothelial tube + uberon + UBERON:0005317 + + pulmonary artery endothelium + Pulmonary artery endothelium + + + + + An pulmonary artery endothelium is an epithelium that lines the pulmonary artery[GO]. + GO:0061155 + + + + + pulmonary artery endothelial tube + GO:0061155 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The capillary lamina of choroid or choriocapillaris is a layer of capillaries that is immediately adjacent to Bruch's membrane in the choroid. + FMA:58437 + SCTID:280899009 + Wikipedia:Capillary_lamina_of_choroid + capillary lamina of choroid + capillary layer of choroid + inner layer of choroid proper + uberon + capillary lamina of choroid or choriocapillaris + choriocapillaris + lamina choriocapillaris + lamina choroidocapillaris + UBERON:0005336 + + capillary layer of choroid + capillary layer of choroid + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:02:14.759276 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.166090 + + + + + The capillary lamina of choroid or choriocapillaris is a layer of capillaries that is immediately adjacent to Bruch's membrane in the choroid. + Wikipedia:Capillary_lamina_of_choroid + + + + + capillary lamina of choroid + FMA:58437 + + + + + capillary layer of choroid + FMA:58437 + + + + + inner layer of choroid proper + FMA:58437 + + + + + choriocapillaris + Wikipedia:Capillary_lamina_of_choroid + + + + + lamina choroidocapillaris + Wikipedia:Capillary_lamina_of_choroid + + + + + + + + + The compartment located between the marginal zone and the red pulp harboring scattered B and T lymphocytes[MP]. + TODO - check spleen marginal sinus + + + The perifollicular zone, which is present in human and not rodents, may be the functional equivalent of the marginal sinus in rodents. + uberon + UBERON:0005353 + + + spleen perifollicular zone + spleen perifollicular zone + + + + + The compartment located between the marginal zone and the red pulp harboring scattered B and T lymphocytes[MP]. + MP:0010245 + + + + + + MP:0002363 + + + + + The perifollicular zone, which is present in human and not rodents, may be the functional equivalent of the marginal sinus in rodents. + MP:0002363 + + + + + + + + + A pancreatic duct that develops from the dorsal pancreatic bud. + These data show that ducts within the zebrafish pancreas originally arise in situ from isolated progenitor cells rather than arising from reiterative branching of the pancreatic epithelium. This process of pancreatic duct formation in zebrafish may be analogous to the mechanism of duct formation in the mammalian mammary and salivary glands. (...) A related mechanism of duct formation has also been proposed to occur within the mammalian pancreatic epithelium.[uncertain][VHOG] + Most humans have just one pancreatic duct. However, some have an additional accessory pancreatic duct also called the Duct of Santorini, which connects straight to the duodenum at the minor duodenal papilla. Both these ducts connect to the second part (the vertical one) of the duodenum. However, the Duct of Santorini, which bypasses the Ampulla of Vater, is non-functional whereas the Duct of Wirsung is functional and carries the digestive enzymes released by the pancreas. It is named for Giovanni Domenico Santorini + UBERON:0005603 + EHDAA2:0001372 + EHDAA:3013 + EHDAA:9188 + EMAPA:32953 + FMA:14534 + MA:0000125 + RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000417 + SCTID:245386000 + VHOG:0000255 + Wikipedia:Accessory_pancreatic_duct + Santorini's duct + accessory pancreatic duct + duct of Santorini + uberon + accessory pancreatic duct of santorini + ductus pancreaticus accessorius + ductus pancreatis dorsalis + pancreatic duct of santorini + UBERON:0005429 + + dorsal pancreatic duct + Dorsal pancreatic duct + dorsal pancreatic duct + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/15/Gray1100.png + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:12:48.561014 + + + + + A pancreatic duct that develops from the dorsal pancreatic bud. + Wikipedia:Accessory_pancreatic_duct + + + + + These data show that ducts within the zebrafish pancreas originally arise in situ from isolated progenitor cells rather than arising from reiterative branching of the pancreatic epithelium. This process of pancreatic duct formation in zebrafish may be analogous to the mechanism of duct formation in the mammalian mammary and salivary glands. (...) A related mechanism of duct formation has also been proposed to occur within the mammalian pancreatic epithelium.[uncertain][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000255 + VHOG + DOI:10.1016/j.ydbio.2005.04.035 Yee NS, Lorent K, Pack M, Exocrine pancreas development in zebrafish. Developmental Biology (2005) + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + Most humans have just one pancreatic duct. However, some have an additional accessory pancreatic duct also called the Duct of Santorini, which connects straight to the duodenum at the minor duodenal papilla. Both these ducts connect to the second part (the vertical one) of the duodenum. However, the Duct of Santorini, which bypasses the Ampulla of Vater, is non-functional whereas the Duct of Wirsung is functional and carries the digestive enzymes released by the pancreas. It is named for Giovanni Domenico Santorini + WP + + + + + Santorini's duct + FMA:14534 + + + + + accessory pancreatic duct + MA:0000125 + + + + + duct of Santorini + FMA:14534 + Wikipedia:Accessory_pancreatic_duct + + + + + accessory pancreatic duct of santorini + Wikipedia:Accessory_pancreatic_duct + + + + + ductus pancreaticus accessorius + Wikipedia:Accessory_pancreatic_duct + + + + + + pancreatic duct of santorini + Wikipedia:Accessory_pancreatic_duct + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A blood vessel that supplies the anterior portion of the spinal cord. It arises from branches of the vertebral arteries and is supplied by the anterior segmental medullary arteries, including the artery of Adamkiewicz, and courses along the anterior aspect of the spinal cord. + EHDAA2:0000131 + EHDAA:6382 + EMAPA:18242 + FMA:50531 + NCIT:C12833 + SCTID:181329004 + UMLS:C0149603 + Wikipedia:Anterior_spinal_artery + anterior medial spinal artery + ventral spinal artery + uberon + anterior spinal arteries + arteria spinalis anterior + ventral artery of the spinal cord + UBERON:0005431 + + anterior spinal artery + anterior spinal artery + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/73/Anterior_spinal_cord_-_very_low_mag.jpg + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:28.519271 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.168230 + + + + + A blood vessel that supplies the anterior portion of the spinal cord. It arises from branches of the vertebral arteries and is supplied by the anterior segmental medullary arteries, including the artery of Adamkiewicz, and courses along the anterior aspect of the spinal cord. + Wikipedia:Anterior_spinal_artery + + + + + UMLS:C0149603 + ncithesaurus:Anterior_Spinal_Artery + + + + + anterior medial spinal artery + FMA:50531 + + + + + ventral spinal artery + FMA:50531 + + + + + anterior spinal arteries + Wikipedia:Anterior_spinal_artery + + + + + arteria spinalis anterior + Wikipedia:Anterior_spinal_artery + + + + + arteria spinalis anterior + Wikipedia:Anterior_spinal_artery + + + + + + ventral artery of the spinal cord + Wikipedia:Anterior_spinal_artery + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A dilated sac at the lower end of the thoracic duct into which lymph from the intestinal trunk and two lumbar lymphatic trunks flow. + In dogs, it is located to the left and often ventral to the aorta; in cats it is left and dorsal; in guinea pigs it runs to the left and drains into the left innominate vein + EHDAA2:0000253 + EHDAA:8679 + FMA:5835 + NCIT:C34126 + SCTID:279088007 + UMLS:C0008840 + Wikipedia:Cisterna_chyli + atypical confluence of lymph trunks + chyle cistern + cistern of Pecquet + cisterna chyli + uberon + chyle cistern + cysterna chyli + receptaculum chyli + UBERON:0005435 + + upper part of cisterna chyli + upper part of cisterna chyli + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/75/Gray599.png + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:11:23.830459 + + + + + A dilated sac at the lower end of the thoracic duct into which lymph from the intestinal trunk and two lumbar lymphatic trunks flow. + Wikipedia:Cisterna_chyli + + + + + UMLS:C0008840 + ncithesaurus:Chyle_Cistern + + + + + atypical confluence of lymph trunks + FMA:5835 + + + + + chyle cistern + FMA:5835 + + + + + cistern of Pecquet + FMA:5835 + + + + + cisterna chyli + FMA:5835 + + + + + chyle cistern + Wikipedia:Cisterna_chyli + + + + + cysterna chyli + Wikipedia:Cisterna_chyli + + + + + + receptaculum chyli + Wikipedia:Cisterna_chyli + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + In anatomy, the common hepatic artery is a short blood vessel that supplies oxygenated blood to the liver, pylorus (a part of the stomach), duodenum (a part of the small intestine) and pancreas. It arises from the celiac artery and has the following branches:. + EHDAA2:0000308 + EHDAA:8570 + EMAPA:37206 + FMA:14771 + MA:0003094 + SCTID:244263001 + Wikipedia:Common_hepatic_artery + galen:CommonHepaticArtery + uberon + arteria hepatica communis + common hepatic + UBERON:0005436 + + common hepatic artery + common hepatic artery + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Gray532.png + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:28.519501 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.166423 + + + + + In anatomy, the common hepatic artery is a short blood vessel that supplies oxygenated blood to the liver, pylorus (a part of the stomach), duodenum (a part of the small intestine) and pancreas. It arises from the celiac artery and has the following branches:. + Wikipedia:Common_hepatic_artery + + + + + EMAPA:37206 + MA:th + + + + + arteria hepatica communis + Wikipedia:Common_hepatic_artery + + + + + + common hepatic + Wikipedia:Common_hepatic_artery + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The short trunk that recieves most of the cardiac veins carrying the blood from the myocardium and delivers it to the right atrium, with the sinoatrial connection occurring between the inferior vena cava and the atrioventricular orifice. + The sinus, before entering the auricle, is considerably dilated - nearly to the size of the end of the little finger. Its wall is partly muscular, and at its junction with the great coronary vein is somewhat constricted and furnished with a valve consisting of two unequal segments + EHDAA2:0000320 + EHDAA:9884 + EMAPA:37836 + FMA:4706 + NCIT:C32378 + SCTID:244386006 + UMLS:C0456944 + Wikipedia:Coronary_sinus + sinus coronarius + uberon + sinus coronarius + UBERON:0005438 + + + coronary sinus + coronary sinus + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5f/Gray491.png + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.165803 + + + + + The short trunk that recieves most of the cardiac veins carrying the blood from the myocardium and delivers it to the right atrium, with the sinoatrial connection occurring between the inferior vena cava and the atrioventricular orifice. + ISBN:0-683-40008-8 + MP:0010436 + + + + + The sinus, before entering the auricle, is considerably dilated - nearly to the size of the end of the little finger. Its wall is partly muscular, and at its junction with the great coronary vein is somewhat constricted and furnished with a valve consisting of two unequal segments + WP + + + + + EMAPA:37836 + MA:th + + + + + UMLS:C0456944 + ncithesaurus:Coronary_Sinus + + + + + sinus coronarius + Wikipedia:Coronary_sinus + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A three-dimensional arrangement formed by plates of hepatocytes, usually one cell thick, that radiates from the center of the liver lobule; hepatic laminae are highly branched, irregular structures bordered by endothelial lined vascular spaces called hepatic sinusoids. + EMAPA:37880 + FMA:14655 + hepatic lamina + hepatic laminae + lamina hepatica + liver cell plate + uberon + hepatic plate + UBERON:0005452 + + + hepatic cord + hepatic cord + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:08:31.899745 + + + + + A three-dimensional arrangement formed by plates of hepatocytes, usually one cell thick, that radiates from the center of the liver lobule; hepatic laminae are highly branched, irregular structures bordered by endothelial lined vascular spaces called hepatic sinusoids. + MGI:anna + + + + + EMAPA:37880 + MA:th + + + + + hepatic lamina + FMA:14655 + + + + + hepatic laminae + MP:MP + + + + + + lamina hepatica + FMA:14655 + + + + + liver cell plate + FMA:14655 + + + + + hepatic plate + FMA:14655 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A space between the capsule and the cortex which allows the free movement of lymphatic fluid and so contains a sparsity of lymphocytes. It is continuous with the similar lymph sinuses that flank the trabeculae. + marginal sinus + EMAPA:37662 + FMA:312355 + MA:0003027 + NCIT:C33033 + NCIT:C33642 + UMLS:C1518051 + UMLS:C1518052 + Wikipedia:Subcapsular_sinus + lymph node subcortical sinus + uberon + lymph path + lymph sinus + marginal sinus of lymph node + subcapsular sinus + UBERON:0005463 + + subcapsular sinus of lymph node + subcapsular sinus of lymph node + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/68/Gray597.png + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:10:35.184936 + + + + + A space between the capsule and the cortex which allows the free movement of lymphatic fluid and so contains a sparsity of lymphocytes. It is continuous with the similar lymph sinuses that flank the trabeculae. + Wikipedia:Lymph_node#Subcapsular_sinus + + + + + marginal sinus + Wikipedia:Subcapsular_sinus + + + + + EMAPA:37662 + MA:th + + + + + UMLS:C1518051 + ncithesaurus:Lymph_Node_Sinus + + + + + UMLS:C1518052 + ncithesaurus:Lymph_Node_Subcapsular_Sinus + + + + + lymph node subcortical sinus + MA:0003027 + + + + + lymph path + Wikipedia:Subcapsular_sinus + + + + + lymph sinus + Wikipedia:Subcapsular_sinus + + + + + marginal sinus of lymph node + Wikipedia:Subcapsular_sinus + + + + + subcapsular sinus + Wikipedia:Subcapsular_sinus + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The median sacral artery (or middle sacral artery) is a small vessel, which arises from the back of the aorta, a little above its bifurcation. It descends in the middle line in front of the fourth and fifth lumbar vertebræ, the sacrum and coccyx, and ends in the glomus coccygeum (coccygeal gland). From it, minute branches are said to pass to the posterior surface of the rectum. On the last lumbar vertebra it anastomoses with the lumbar branch of the iliolumbar artery; in front of the sacrum it anastomoses with the lateral sacral arteries, and sends offsets into the anterior sacral foramina. It is crossed by the left common iliac vein, and is accompanied by a pair of venæ comitantes; these unite to form a single vessel, which opens into the left common iliac vein. + EHDAA2:0001087 + EHDAA:2556 + EMAPA:19214 + FMA:14757 + SCTID:244282005 + VHOG:0000756 + Wikipedia:Median_sacral_artery + Middle sacral artery + uberon + arteria sacralis mediana + coccygeal branches + middle sacral + middle sacral artery + UBERON:0005464 + + median sacral artery + median sacral artery + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/af/Gray531.png + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:28.519522 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.166553 + + + + + The median sacral artery (or middle sacral artery) is a small vessel, which arises from the back of the aorta, a little above its bifurcation. It descends in the middle line in front of the fourth and fifth lumbar vertebræ, the sacrum and coccyx, and ends in the glomus coccygeum (coccygeal gland). From it, minute branches are said to pass to the posterior surface of the rectum. On the last lumbar vertebra it anastomoses with the lumbar branch of the iliolumbar artery; in front of the sacrum it anastomoses with the lateral sacral arteries, and sends offsets into the anterior sacral foramina. It is crossed by the left common iliac vein, and is accompanied by a pair of venæ comitantes; these unite to form a single vessel, which opens into the left common iliac vein. + Wikipedia:Median_sacral_artery + + + + + Middle sacral artery + FMA:14757 + + + + + arteria sacralis mediana + Wikipedia:Median_sacral_artery + + + + + + coccygeal branches + Wikipedia:Median_sacral_artery + + + + + middle sacral + Wikipedia:Median_sacral_artery + + + + + middle sacral artery + Wikipedia:Median_sacral_artery + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A portion of the lateral venous sinus, bulging prominently into the mastoid cavity, that serves as a principal conduit by which blood leaves the cranium[EPIC]. The sigmoid is drained by the internal jugular vein. + The sigmoid sinuses, within a human head, are 2 areas beneath the brain, which allow blood veins to span the area, from the center of the head downward. They drain from the transverse sinuses (under the back of the brain) to the internal jugular vein. Each sigmoid sinus begins beneath the temporal bone and follows a tortuous course to the jugular foramen, at which point the sinus becomes continuous with the internal jugular vein[Wikipedia:Sigmoid_sinus]. + EHDAA2:0001838 + EHDAA:9880 + EMAPA:19060 + FMA:50782 + SCTID:279264003 + VHOG:0001337 + Wikipedia:Sigmoid_sinus + ncithesaurus:Sigmoid_Sinus + uberon + sulcus sigmoideus + UBERON:0005475 + + sigmoid sinus + sigmoid sinus + Gray488:blue.gif + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.167838 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:48.278450 + + + + + A portion of the lateral venous sinus, bulging prominently into the mastoid cavity, that serves as a principal conduit by which blood leaves the cranium[EPIC]. The sigmoid is drained by the internal jugular vein. + Wikipedia:Sigmoid_sinus + http://palaeos.com/vertebrates/glossary/glossaryS.html + + + + + The sigmoid sinuses, within a human head, are 2 areas beneath the brain, which allow blood veins to span the area, from the center of the head downward. They drain from the transverse sinuses (under the back of the brain) to the internal jugular vein. Each sigmoid sinus begins beneath the temporal bone and follows a tortuous course to the jugular foramen, at which point the sinus becomes continuous with the internal jugular vein[Wikipedia:Sigmoid_sinus]. + Wikipedia:Sigmoid_sinus + + + + + sulcus sigmoideus + Wikipedia:Sigmoid_sinus + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Either of the two lateral lobes that constitute the thymus. + each lobe of the thymus can be divided into a central medulla and a peripheral cortex which is surrounded by an outer capsule. Each lobe is composed of numerous lobules held together by delicate areolar tissue; the entire organ being enclosed in an investing capsule of a similar but denser structure. The primary lobules vary in size from that of a pin's head to that of a small pea, and are made up of a number of small nodules or follicles.[WP] + FMA:71193 + RETIRED_EHDAA2:0002021 + lateral lobe of thymus + lobe of thymus + uberon + UBERON:0005483 + + thymus lobe + thymus lobe + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:17:52.777278 + + + + + Either of the two lateral lobes that constitute the thymus. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + lateral lobe of thymus + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + lobe of thymus + FMA:71193 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The ileal arteries feed oxygenated blood into the ileum, a portion of the small intestine in mammals, reptiles, and birds. They are branches of the superior mesenteric artery. + FMA:14809 + SCTID:265479003 + Wikipedia:Ileal_arteries + galen:IlealArteries + ileal branch of superior mesenteric artery + uberon + arteriae ileales + UBERON:0005628 + + ileal artery + ileal artery + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/86/Gray535.png + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:28.519770 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.166443 + + + + + The ileal arteries feed oxygenated blood into the ileum, a portion of the small intestine in mammals, reptiles, and birds. They are branches of the superior mesenteric artery. + Wikipedia:Ileal_arteries + + + + + ileal branch of superior mesenteric artery + FMA:14809 + + + + + arteriae ileales + Wikipedia:Ileal_arteries + + + + + + + + + An epithelium that is part of a caecum. + EHDAA2:0000209 + uberon + UBERON:0005636 + + caecum epithelium + caecum epithelium + + + + + An epithelium that is part of a caecum. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An outermost connective tissue covering of an organ, vessel, or other structure[WP]. + BTO:0002010 + FMA:45635 + SCTID:30180000 + Wikipedia:Adventitia + tunica advetitia + tunica externa + uberon + UBERON:0005742 + + + adventitia + adventitia + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e8/Illu_esophageal_layers.jpg + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:07:27.338983 + + + + + An outermost connective tissue covering of an organ, vessel, or other structure[WP]. + Wikipedia:Adventitia + + + + + tunica advetitia + Wikipedia:Adventitia + + + + + tunica externa + FMA:45635 + + + + + + + + + A single layer of simple squamous epithelium in the glomerular capsule. Does not function in filtration[UBERON]. outer layer of the glomerular capsule composed of a single layer of simple squamous epithelium[MP]. + TODO - check this. BTO has podocytes under here + Simple squamous epithelium that lines the capsule of the renal glomerulus.[TAO] + BTO:0002296 + EMAPA:27979 + EMAPA:28260 + EMAPA:35969 + FMA:74272 + MA:0002605 + NCIT:C33271 + SCTID:362218005 + TAO:0005253 + UMLS:C0227645 + ZFA:0005253 + Bowman's parietal epithelium + capsular epithelium + glomerular capsule parietal layer + outer layer of glomerular capsule + parietal capsular epithelium + parietal epithelial layer + parietal epithelium of Bowman's capsule + parietal layer of Bowman capsule + parietal layer of Bowman's capsule + parietal layer of glomerular capsule + renal glomerular capsule epithelium + uberon + kidney parietal epithelium + UBERON:0005750 + + + + glomerular parietal epithelium + glomerular parietal epithelium + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:04:44.729324 + + + + + A single layer of simple squamous epithelium in the glomerular capsule. Does not function in filtration[UBERON]. outer layer of the glomerular capsule composed of a single layer of simple squamous epithelium[MP]. + MP:0011498 + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + Simple squamous epithelium that lines the capsule of the renal glomerulus.[TAO] + 2012-08-14 + TAO:0005253 + TAO + ZFIN:curator + + + + + UMLS:C0227645 + ncithesaurus:Parietal_Layer_of_Bowman_s_Capsule + + + + + Bowman's parietal epithelium + MP:0011498 + + + + + capsular epithelium + BTO:0002296 + + + + + glomerular capsule parietal layer + FMA:74272 + + + + + outer layer of glomerular capsule + FMA:74272 + + + + + parietal capsular epithelium + MP:0011498 + + + + + parietal epithelial layer + ZFA:0005253 + + + + + parietal epithelium of Bowman's capsule + MP:0011498 + + + + + parietal layer of Bowman's capsule + MP:0011498 + + + + + parietal layer of glomerular capsule + FMA:74272 + + + + + parietal layer of glomerular capsule + MP:0011498 + + + + + renal glomerular capsule epithelium + ZFA:0005253 + + + + + kidney parietal epithelium + EMAPA:35969 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The base or posterior surface of the urinary bladder contains the trigone of the bladder and the outlet where urine empties through the internal urethral orifice. + fundus of bladder + EHDAA2:0000582 + EHDAA:9330 + EMAPA:35173 + EMAPA_RETIRED:18322 + FMA:15908 + MA:0001694 + NCIT:C48939 + SCTID:362226002 + UMLS:C0447584 + VHOG:0001184 + Wikipedia:Fundus_of_the_urinary_bladder#Fundus + base of urinary bladder + fundus vesicae + urinary bladder base + urinary bladder fundus + urinary bladder fundus region + uberon + bladder dome + UBERON:0006082 + + + fundus of urinary bladder + fundus of urinary bladder + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:19:15.945003 + + + + + The base or posterior surface of the urinary bladder contains the trigone of the bladder and the outlet where urine empties through the internal urethral orifice. + MP:0011785 + Wikipedia:Fundus_of_the_urinary_bladder#Fundus + + + + + fundus of bladder + FMA:15908 + + + + + UMLS:C0447584 + ncithesaurus:Bladder_Fundus + + + + + base of urinary bladder + FMA:15908 + + + + + fundus vesicae + FMA:15908 + FMA:TA + + + + + + urinary bladder base + MP:0011785 + + + + + urinary bladder fundus + FMA:15908 + + + + + urinary bladder fundus region + MA:0001694 + + + + + bladder dome + EMAPA:35173 + + + + + + + + Region of cortex near to the rhinal sulcus. It is defined differently in different nomenclatures, due in part to the lack of agreement on the definition of the border of this region. In the rat, the perirhinal cortex occupies only caudal levels of the rhinal sulcus while in the monkey, it occurpies the full rostrocaudal extent of the rhinal sulcus (Burwell et al., Hippocampus, 5: 390-408, 1995). + in MA classified as part of insular cortex, but this is contested by MM - https://support.crbs.ucsd.edu/browse/NIF-9830 + BAMS:PERI + BAMS:PRh + BM:Tel-Cx-PRh + BTO:0004355 + EFO:0001978 + EMAPA:35682 + MA:0000912 + MBA:922 + NLXANAT:1005006 + PBA:128012080 + Wikipedia:Perirhinal_cortex + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2425 + perirhinal area + perirhinal cortex + uberon + Brodmann's area 35 + area perirhinalis + perihinal area + UBERON:0006083 + + + perirhinal cortex + perirhinal cortex + + + + + Region of cortex near to the rhinal sulcus. It is defined differently in different nomenclatures, due in part to the lack of agreement on the definition of the border of this region. In the rat, the perirhinal cortex occupies only caudal levels of the rhinal sulcus while in the monkey, it occurpies the full rostrocaudal extent of the rhinal sulcus (Burwell et al., Hippocampus, 5: 390-408, 1995). + NLXANAT:1005006 + + + + + in MA classified as part of insular cortex, but this is contested by MM - https://support.crbs.ucsd.edu/browse/NIF-9830 + MA + + + + + perirhinal area + NLXANAT:1005006 + + + + + perirhinal cortex + NLXANAT:1005006 + + + + + Brodmann's area 35 + NeuroNames:2425 + + + + + area perirhinalis + NeuroNames:2425 + + + + + + perihinal area + BAMS:PERI + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The part of the lateral ventricle extending downward and anteriorly in the temporal lobe. + BAMS:TLV + BIRNLEX:1292 + DHBA:10600 + EMAPA:17771 + FMA:83701 + SCTID:362315005 + UMLS:C0152283 + Wikipedia:Inferior_horn_of_lateral_ventricle + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=222 + cornu inferius (ventriculi lateralis) + cornu inferius ventriculi lateralis + cornu temporale (ventriculi lateralis) + cornu temporale ventriculi lateralis + inferior horn of lateral ventricle + inferior horn of the lateral ventricle + temporal horn of lateral ventricle + ventriculus lateralis, cornu inferius + ventriculus lateralis, cornu temporale + uberon + UBERON:0006091 + + inferior horn of the lateral ventricle + inferior horn of the lateral ventricle + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:00:32.978262 + + + + + The part of the lateral ventricle extending downward and anteriorly in the temporal lobe. + BIRNLEX:1292 + + + + + UMLS:C0152283 + BIRNLEX:1292 + + + + + cornu inferius (ventriculi lateralis) + FMA:83701 + FMA:TA + + + + + + cornu inferius ventriculi lateralis + FMA:83701 + FMA:TA + + + + + + cornu temporale (ventriculi lateralis) + FMA:83701 + FMA:TA + + + + + + cornu temporale ventriculi lateralis + FMA:83701 + FMA:TA + + + + + + inferior horn of lateral ventricle + FMA:83701 + + + + + inferior horn of the lateral ventricle + BIRNLEX:1292 + + + + + temporal horn of lateral ventricle + BIRNLEX:1292 + + + + + ventriculus lateralis, cornu inferius + FMA:83701 + FMA:TA + + + + + + ventriculus lateralis, cornu temporale + FMA:83701 + FMA:TA + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Component of the occipital lobe. The rostral boundary was the first coronal slice above the calcarine sulcus where the cuneus cortex becomes visible whereas the caudal boundary was the last slice where the calcarine sulcus was visualized. The medial boundary was the most medial portion of the occipital and parietal cortices. The superio-lateral boundary was the parieto-occipital fissure whereas the inferolateral boundary was the pericalcarine cortex (Christine Fennema-Notestine). + BAMS:Cun + BIRNLEX:1396 + DHBA:12150 + FMA:61903 + HBA:4184 + SCTID:279199007 + UMLS:C0152307 + Wikipedia:Cuneus + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=157 + cuneate lobule + cuneus + cuneus cortex + cuneus gyrus + cuneus of hemisphere + uberon + gyrus cuneus + UBERON:0006092 + + cuneus cortex + cuneus cortex + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:00:32.978175 + + + + + Component of the occipital lobe. The rostral boundary was the first coronal slice above the calcarine sulcus where the cuneus cortex becomes visible whereas the caudal boundary was the last slice where the calcarine sulcus was visualized. The medial boundary was the most medial portion of the occipital and parietal cortices. The superio-lateral boundary was the parieto-occipital fissure whereas the inferolateral boundary was the pericalcarine cortex (Christine Fennema-Notestine). + BIRNLEX:1396 + + + + + UMLS:C0152307 + BIRNLEX:1396 + + + + + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=157 + BIRNLEX:1396 + + + + + cuneate lobule + BIRNLEX:1396 + + + + + cuneate lobule + FMA:61903 + + + + + cuneus + BIRNLEX:1396 + + + + + cuneus cortex + BIRNLEX:1396 + + + + + cuneus gyrus + BIRNLEX:1396 + + + + + cuneus gyrus + FMA:61903 + + + + + cuneus of hemisphere + BIRNLEX:1396 + + + + + cuneus of hemisphere + FMA:61903 + + + + + gyrus cuneus + NeuroNames:157 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Component of the pareital lobe. The rostral boundary was the posterior extent of the paracentral lobule whereas the caudal boundary was the lingual gyrus. The medial and lateral boundaries were the parieto-occipital fissure and the superior parietal gyrus respectively (Christine Fennema-Notestine). + BAMS:PCu + BAMS:PCun + BIRNLEX:1446 + DHBA:12137 + FMA:61900 + HBA:4118 + NCIT:C112399 + SCTID:279200005 + UMLS:C0152306 + Wikipedia:Precuneus + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=110 + precuneate lobule + precuneus + precuneus cortex + quadrate lobule + uberon + medial area of the superior parietal cortex + praecuneus + UBERON:0006093 + + precuneus cortex + precuneus cortex + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:00:32.978279 + + + + + Component of the pareital lobe. The rostral boundary was the posterior extent of the paracentral lobule whereas the caudal boundary was the lingual gyrus. The medial and lateral boundaries were the parieto-occipital fissure and the superior parietal gyrus respectively (Christine Fennema-Notestine). + BIRNLEX:1446 + + + + + UMLS:C0152306 + BIRNLEX:1446 + + + + + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=110 + BIRNLEX:1446 + + + + + precuneate lobule + BIRNLEX:1446 + + + + + precuneate lobule + FMA:61900 + + + + + precuneus + BIRNLEX:1446 + + + + + precuneus cortex + BIRNLEX:1446 + + + + + quadrate lobule + BIRNLEX:1446 + + + + + quadrate lobule + FMA:61900 + + + + + medial area of the superior parietal cortex + NeuroNames:110 + + + + + praecuneus + NeuroNames:110 + + + + + + + + + A threadlike extension of a nerve cell and consists of an axon and myelin sheath (if it is myelinated) in the nervous system. There are nerve fibers in the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system. A nerve fiber may be myelinated and/or unmyelinated. In the central nervous system (CNS), myelin by oligodendroglia cells is formed. Schwann cells form myelin in the peripheral nervous system (PNS). Schwann cells also make a thin covering in an axon without myelin (in the PNS). A peripheral nerve fiber contains an axon, myelin sheath, schwann cells and its endoneurium. There are no endoneurium and schwann cells in the central nervous system. + neurofibrous + BAMS:nfi + FMA:5914 + MESH:A08.663.542 + SCTID:88545005 + Wikipedia:Nervous_system_fiber + nerve fibre + neurofibra + neurofibrum + uberon + nerve fibers + neurofibra + UBERON:0006134 + + nerve fiber + nerve fiber + + + + + A threadlike extension of a nerve cell and consists of an axon and myelin sheath (if it is myelinated) in the nervous system. There are nerve fibers in the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system. A nerve fiber may be myelinated and/or unmyelinated. In the central nervous system (CNS), myelin by oligodendroglia cells is formed. Schwann cells form myelin in the peripheral nervous system (PNS). Schwann cells also make a thin covering in an axon without myelin (in the PNS). A peripheral nerve fiber contains an axon, myelin sheath, schwann cells and its endoneurium. There are no endoneurium and schwann cells in the central nervous system. + Wikipedia:Nervous_system_fiber + + + + + nerve fibre + FMA:5914 + + + + + neurofibra + FMA:5914 + FMA:TA + + + + + + neurofibrum + FMA:5914 + + + + + nerve fibers + BAMS:nfi + + + + + + neurofibra + Wikipedia:Nerve_fiber + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The proper palmar digital arteries travel along the sides of the phalanges (along the contiguous sides of the index, middle, ring, and little fingers), each artery lying just below its corresponding digital nerve. Alternative names for these arteries are: proper volar digital arteries, collateral digital arteries, arteriae digitales palmares propriae, or aa. digitales volares propriae. They anastomose freely in the subcutaneous tissue of the finger tips and by smaller branches near the interphalangeal joints. Each also gives off a couple of dorsal branches which anastomose with the dorsal digital arteries, and supply the soft parts on the back of the second and third phalanges, including the matrix of the fingernail. The proper palmar digital artery for the medial side of the little finger arises directly from the ulnar artery deep to the palmaris brevis muscle, but the rest arise from the common palmar digital arteries. + the MA term, even though plural, represents the singular, as it is an isa child of artery + EMAPA:37218 + FMA:70804 + MA:0001959 + SCTID:91778006 + Wikipedia:Proper_palmar_digital_arteries + arteriae digitales palmares propriae + proper palmal digital arteries + proper palmar digital arteries + proper palmar digital arteries set + uberon + arteriae digitales palmares propriae + proper volar digital arteries + proper volar digital artery + set of proper palmar digital arteries + UBERON:0006137 + + proper palmar digital artery + proper palmar digital artery + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a9/Gray1237.svg + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.168434 + + + + + The proper palmar digital arteries travel along the sides of the phalanges (along the contiguous sides of the index, middle, ring, and little fingers), each artery lying just below its corresponding digital nerve. Alternative names for these arteries are: proper volar digital arteries, collateral digital arteries, arteriae digitales palmares propriae, or aa. digitales volares propriae. They anastomose freely in the subcutaneous tissue of the finger tips and by smaller branches near the interphalangeal joints. Each also gives off a couple of dorsal branches which anastomose with the dorsal digital arteries, and supply the soft parts on the back of the second and third phalanges, including the matrix of the fingernail. The proper palmar digital artery for the medial side of the little finger arises directly from the ulnar artery deep to the palmaris brevis muscle, but the rest arise from the common palmar digital arteries. + Wikipedia:Proper_palmar_digital_arteries + + + + + the MA term, even though plural, represents the singular, as it is an isa child of artery + MA + + + + + EMAPA:37218 + MA:th + + + + + arteriae digitales palmares propriae + FMA:70804 + FMA:TA + + + + + + proper palmal digital arteries + MA:0001959 + + + + + proper palmar digital arteries + MA:0001959 + + + + + proper palmar digital arteries set + FMA:70804 + + + + + arteriae digitales palmares propriae + Wikipedia:Proper_palmar_digital_arteries + + + + + + proper volar digital arteries + Wikipedia:Proper_palmar_digital_arteries + + + + + proper volar digital artery + Wikipedia:Proper_palmar_digital_arteries + + + + + set of proper palmar digital arteries + FMA:70804 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The plantar digital veins arise from plexuses on the plantar surfaces of the digits, and, after sending intercapitular veins to join the dorsal digital veins, unite to form four metatarsal veins. + FMA:44517 + Wikipedia:Plantar_digital_veins + uberon + venae digitales plantares + UBERON:0006139 + + plantar digital vein + plantar digital vein + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.167998 + + + + + The plantar digital veins arise from plexuses on the plantar surfaces of the digits, and, after sending intercapitular veins to join the dorsal digital veins, unite to form four metatarsal veins. + Wikipedia:Plantar_digital_veins + + + + + venae digitales plantares + Wikipedia:Plantar_digital_veins + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + EMAPA:37171 + MA:0002172 + medial plantar vein + uberon + UBERON:0006144 + + medial plantar digital vein + medial plantar digital vein + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.166712 + + + + + EMAPA:37171 + MA:th + + + + + medial plantar vein + MA:0002172 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Dorsal digital arteries arise from the bifurcation of dorsal metacarpal arteries. They travel along the sides and dorsal aspects of the phalanges of the middle finger, ring finger, and little finger. They communicate with the proper palmar digital arteries. They run with the dorsal digital nerves of ulnar nerve and dorsal digital nerves of radial nerve. + dorsal digital artery + SCTID:91793005 + Wikipedia:Dorsal_digital_arteries + dorsal digital artery of hand + uberon + arteriae digitales dorsales manus + UBERON:0006146 + + dorsal digital artery of manus + dorsal digital artery of manus + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.166261 + + + + + Dorsal digital arteries arise from the bifurcation of dorsal metacarpal arteries. They travel along the sides and dorsal aspects of the phalanges of the middle finger, ring finger, and little finger. They communicate with the proper palmar digital arteries. They run with the dorsal digital nerves of ulnar nerve and dorsal digital nerves of radial nerve. + Wikipedia:Dorsal_digital_arteries + + + + + dorsal digital artery + Wikipedia:Dorsal_digital_arteries + + + + + arteriae digitales dorsales manus + Wikipedia:Dorsal_digital_arteries + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The highest intercostal artery (supreme intercostal artery, superior intercostal artery) is an artery in the human body that usually gives rise to the first and second posterior intercostal arteries, which supply blood to their corresponding intercostal space. It usually arises from the costocervical trunk, which is a branch of the subclavian artery. + EMAPA:37078 + FMA:76998 + MA:0001943 + SCTID:198427009 + Wikipedia:Highest_intercostal_artery + superior intercostal artery + supreme intercostal artery + uberon + arteria intercostalis suprema + dorsal branch of superior intercostal artery + UBERON:0006198 + classes unified on basis of spatial anatomy ontology synonyms + + dorsal intercostal artery + dorsal intercostal artery + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/75/Gray530.png + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.165982 + + + + + The highest intercostal artery (supreme intercostal artery, superior intercostal artery) is an artery in the human body that usually gives rise to the first and second posterior intercostal arteries, which supply blood to their corresponding intercostal space. It usually arises from the costocervical trunk, which is a branch of the subclavian artery. + Wikipedia:Highest_intercostal_artery + + + + + EMAPA:37078 + MA:th + + + + + superior intercostal artery + FMA:76998 + Wikipedia:Highest_intercostal_artery + + + + + supreme intercostal artery + FMA:76998 + Wikipedia:Highest_intercostal_artery + + + + + arteria intercostalis suprema + Wikipedia:Highest_intercostal_artery + + + + + + dorsal branch of superior intercostal artery + http://www.mondofacto.com/facts/dictionary?dorsal+branch+of+the+superior+intercostal+artery + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The posterior auricular vein begins upon the side of the head, in a plexus which communicates with the tributaries of the occipital vein and superficial temporal veins. It descends behind the auricula, and joins the posterior division of the posterior facial vein to form the external jugular. It receive the stylomastoid vein, and some tributaries from the cranial surface of the auricula. + check placement of MA class + EMAPA:37138 + FMA:50851 + MA:0002090 + NCIT:C33349 + SCTID:150188002 + UMLS:C0226544 + Wikipedia:Posterior_auricular_vein + posterior auricular vein + uberon + venae auricularis posterior + UBERON:0006199 + + posterior auricular vein + posterior auricular vein + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8c/Gray557.png + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.165959 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:48.278380 + + + + + The posterior auricular vein begins upon the side of the head, in a plexus which communicates with the tributaries of the occipital vein and superficial temporal veins. It descends behind the auricula, and joins the posterior division of the posterior facial vein to form the external jugular. It receive the stylomastoid vein, and some tributaries from the cranial surface of the auricula. + Wikipedia:Posterior_auricular_vein + + + + + EMAPA:37138 + MA:th + + + + + UMLS:C0226544 + ncithesaurus:Posterior_Auricular_Vein + + + + + posterior auricular vein + FMA:50851 + + + + + venae auricularis posterior + Wikipedia:Posterior_auricular_vein + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A small artery that passes through the ring of the stapes; while the stapedial artery is a temporary artery thought to disappear at late embryonic stage in humans, the mouse stapedial artery is complete by E13 and persists into adulthood[MP]. + EHDAA2:0001908 + EMAPA:17313 + FMA:79390 + MA:0002044 + NCIT:C34304 + SCTID:361518009 + UMLS:C1284048 + Wikipedia:Stapedial_branch_of_posterior_auricular_artery + stapedial artery temporary + uberon + stapedial + UBERON:0006345 + + + stapedial artery + stapedial artery + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.168380 + + + + + A small artery that passes through the ring of the stapes; while the stapedial artery is a temporary artery thought to disappear at late embryonic stage in humans, the mouse stapedial artery is complete by E13 and persists into adulthood[MP]. + MP:0004665 + + + + + UMLS:C1284048 + ncithesaurus:Stapedial_Artery + + + + + stapedial artery temporary + EHDAA2:0001908 + + + + + stapedial + EHDAA2:0001908 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + inferred from artery + EMAPA:18646 + MA:0002227 + uberon + UBERON:0006355 + + superior vesical vein + superior vesical vein + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.166876 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:48.278293 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Recesses of the kidney pelvis which divides into two wide, cup-shaped major renal calices, with each major calix subdivided into 7 to 14 minor calices. Urine empties into a minor calix from collecting tubules, then passes through the major calix, renal pelvis, and ureter to enter the urinary bladder. (From Moore, Clinically Oriented Anatomy, 3d ed, p211). + calyceal + calyx + EMAPA:18676 + FMA:284558 + GAID:427 + MA:0000369 + MESH:D007670 + NCIT:C12927 + SCTID:276832000 + UMLS:C0022651 + calices renales + renal calix + renal calyx + uberon + calices renales + UBERON:0006517 + + + kidney calyx + kidney calyx + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:04:49.725610 + + + + + Recesses of the kidney pelvis which divides into two wide, cup-shaped major renal calices, with each major calix subdivided into 7 to 14 minor calices. Urine empties into a minor calix from collecting tubules, then passes through the major calix, renal pelvis, and ureter to enter the urinary bladder. (From Moore, Clinically Oriented Anatomy, 3d ed, p211). + MESH:A05.810.453.537.503 + + + + + calyx + EMAPA:18676 + + + + + UMLS:C0022651 + ncithesaurus:Renal_Calyx + + + + + calices renales + + + + + + renal calyx + MA:0000369 + + + + + calices renales + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A vasculature that is part of a kidney. + EMAPA:28457 + TAO:0005305 + ZFA:0005305 + uberon + UBERON:0006544 + + + kidney vasculature + kidney vasculature + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:04:49.725441 + + + + + A vasculature that is part of a kidney. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The superficial palmar arch is formed predominantly by the ulnar artery, with a contribution from the superficial palmar branch of the radial artery. However, in some individuals the contribution from the radial artery might be absent, and instead anastomoses with either the princeps pollicis artery, the radialis indicis artery, or the median artery, the former two of which are branches from the radial artery. Alternative names for this arterial arch are: superficial volar arch, superficial ulnar arch, arcus palmaris superficialis, or arcus volaris superficialis. The arch passes across the palm in a curve with its convexity downward. If one were to fully extend the thumb, the superficial palmar arch would lie approximately at the level of a line drawn from the distal border of the thumb across the palm. The superficial palmar arch is more distal than the deep palmar arch. Three common palmar digital arteries arise from the arch, proceeding down on the second, third, and fourth lumbrical muscles, respectively. They each receive a contribution from a palmar metacarpal artery. Near the level of the metacarpophalangeal joints, each common palmar digital artery divides into two proper palmar digital arteries. + EMAPA:37755 + FMA:22834 + MA:0002127 + NCIT:C33665 + SCTID:362051006 + UMLS:C0226433 + Wikipedia:Superficial_palmar_arch + arcus palmaris superficialis + superficial palmar arch + superficial palmar arterial arch + uberon + UBERON:0006564 + + superficial palmar arch + superficial palmar arch + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.166460 + + + + + The superficial palmar arch is formed predominantly by the ulnar artery, with a contribution from the superficial palmar branch of the radial artery. However, in some individuals the contribution from the radial artery might be absent, and instead anastomoses with either the princeps pollicis artery, the radialis indicis artery, or the median artery, the former two of which are branches from the radial artery. Alternative names for this arterial arch are: superficial volar arch, superficial ulnar arch, arcus palmaris superficialis, or arcus volaris superficialis. The arch passes across the palm in a curve with its convexity downward. If one were to fully extend the thumb, the superficial palmar arch would lie approximately at the level of a line drawn from the distal border of the thumb across the palm. The superficial palmar arch is more distal than the deep palmar arch. Three common palmar digital arteries arise from the arch, proceeding down on the second, third, and fourth lumbrical muscles, respectively. They each receive a contribution from a palmar metacarpal artery. Near the level of the metacarpophalangeal joints, each common palmar digital artery divides into two proper palmar digital arteries. + Wikipedia:Superficial_palmar_arch + + + + + EMAPA:37755 + MA:th + + + + + UMLS:C0226433 + ncithesaurus:Superficial_Palmar_Arch + + + + + arcus palmaris superficialis + FMA:22834 + FMA:TA + + + + + + superficial palmar arch + FMA:22834 + + + + + superficial palmar arterial arch + FMA:22834 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A myocardium that is part of a left ventricle of a heart. + Myocardium of ventricle which is continuous with the tunica media of aorta. + EMAPA:17339 + FMA:9558 + MA:0002983 + SCTID:362021000 + left ventricular myocardium + myocardium of left ventricle + uberon + UBERON:0006566 + + left ventricle myocardium + left ventricle myocardium + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:03:49.273045 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:03:58.287910 + + + + + A myocardium that is part of a left ventricle of a heart. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + Myocardium of ventricle which is continuous with the tunica media of aorta. + FMA:9558 + + + + + left ventricular myocardium + FMA:9558 + + + + + myocardium of left ventricle + FMA:9558 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A myocardium that is part of a right ventricle of a heart. + Myocardium of ventricle which is continuous with the tunica media of the pulmonary trunk. + EMAPA:17342 + FMA:9535 + MA:0002984 + SCTID:362020004 + myocardium of right ventricle + right ventricular myocardium + uberon + UBERON:0006567 + + + right ventricle myocardium + right ventricle myocardium + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:03:49.273066 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:03:58.287925 + + + + + A myocardium that is part of a right ventricle of a heart. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + Myocardium of ventricle which is continuous with the tunica media of the pulmonary trunk. + FMA:9535 + + + + + myocardium of right ventricle + FMA:9535 + + + + + right ventricular myocardium + FMA:9535 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An artery with its origin in the lateral terminal branch of the internal thoracic artery, with distribution to the diaphragm and the intercostal muscles, and with anastomoses to the branches of the pericardiacophrenic and inferior phrenic. + EMAPA:19215 + FMA:10645 + SCTID:244242003 + Wikipedia:Musculophrenic_artery + musculophrenic artery + uberon + UBERON:0006632 + + musculo-phrenic artery + musculo-phrenic artery + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:28.519585 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.168241 + + + + + An artery with its origin in the lateral terminal branch of the internal thoracic artery, with distribution to the diaphragm and the intercostal muscles, and with anastomoses to the branches of the pericardiacophrenic and inferior phrenic. + http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/musculophrenic+artery + + + + + musculophrenic artery + FMA:10645 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The lingual veins begin on the dorsum, sides, and under surface of the tongue, and, passing backward along the course of the lingual artery, end in the internal jugular vein. The vena comitans of the hypoglossal nerve (ranine vein), a branch of considerable size, begins below the tip of the tongue, and may join the lingual; generally, however, it passes backward on the Hyoglossus, and joins the common facial. + Vein which collects blood from the tongue and drains into the external jugular vein.[AAO] + AAO:0010514 + EMAPA:19312 + FMA:14326 + SCTID:181375007 + Wikipedia:Lingual_veins + uberon + deep lingual veins + lingual vein + ranine + ranine vein + vena lingualis + UBERON:0006634 + + lingual vein + lingual vein + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7a/Gray559.png + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.166706 + + + + + The lingual veins begin on the dorsum, sides, and under surface of the tongue, and, passing backward along the course of the lingual artery, end in the internal jugular vein. The vena comitans of the hypoglossal nerve (ranine vein), a branch of considerable size, begins below the tip of the tongue, and may join the lingual; generally, however, it passes backward on the Hyoglossus, and joins the common facial. + Wikipedia:Lingual_veins + + + + + Vein which collects blood from the tongue and drains into the external jugular vein.[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0010514 + AAO + AAO:BJB + + + + + deep lingual veins + Wikipedia:Lingual_veins + + + + + lingual vein + Wikipedia:Lingual_veins + + + + + ranine + Wikipedia:Lingual_veins + + + + + ranine vein + Wikipedia:Lingual_veins + + + + + vena lingualis + Wikipedia:Lingual_veins + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The lumbar arteries are in series with the intercostals. They are usually four in number on either side, and arise from the back of the aorta, opposite the bodies of the upper four lumbar vertebrC&. A fifth pair, small in size, is occasionally present: they arise from the middle sacral artery. They run lateralward and backward on the bodies of the lumbar vertebrC&, behind the sympathetic trunk, to the intervals between the adjacent transverse processes, and are then continued into the abdominal wall. The arteries of the right side pass behind the inferior vena cava, and the upper two on each side run behind the corresponding crus of the diaphragm. The arteries of both sides pass beneath the tendinous arches which give origin to the Psoas major, and are then continued behind this muscle and the lumbar plexus. They now cross the Quadratus lumborum, the upper three arteries running behind, the last usually in front of the muscle. At the lateral border of the Quadratus lumborum they pierce the posterior aponeurosis of the Transversus abdominis and are carried forward between this muscle and the Obliquus internus. They anastomose with the lower intercostal, the subcostal, the iliolumbar, the deep iliac circumflex, and the inferior epigastric arteries. + EMAPA:19096 + FMA:14735 + NCIT:C33013 + SCTID:244285007 + UMLS:C0226408 + Wikipedia:Lumbar_arteries + lumbar arterial tree + uberon + arteria lumbalis + arteriae lumbales + lumbar artery + UBERON:0006636 + + lumbar artery + lumbar artery + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bd/Gray585.png + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:28.519778 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.166359 + + + + + The lumbar arteries are in series with the intercostals. They are usually four in number on either side, and arise from the back of the aorta, opposite the bodies of the upper four lumbar vertebrC&. A fifth pair, small in size, is occasionally present: they arise from the middle sacral artery. They run lateralward and backward on the bodies of the lumbar vertebrC&, behind the sympathetic trunk, to the intervals between the adjacent transverse processes, and are then continued into the abdominal wall. The arteries of the right side pass behind the inferior vena cava, and the upper two on each side run behind the corresponding crus of the diaphragm. The arteries of both sides pass beneath the tendinous arches which give origin to the Psoas major, and are then continued behind this muscle and the lumbar plexus. They now cross the Quadratus lumborum, the upper three arteries running behind, the last usually in front of the muscle. At the lateral border of the Quadratus lumborum they pierce the posterior aponeurosis of the Transversus abdominis and are carried forward between this muscle and the Obliquus internus. They anastomose with the lower intercostal, the subcostal, the iliolumbar, the deep iliac circumflex, and the inferior epigastric arteries. + Wikipedia:Lumbar_arteries + + + + + UMLS:C0226408 + ncithesaurus:Lumbar_Artery + + + + + lumbar arterial tree + FMA:14735 + + + + + arteria lumbalis + Wikipedia:Lumbar_arteries + + + + + arteriae lumbales + Wikipedia:Lumbar_arteries + + + + + + lumbar artery + Wikipedia:Lumbar_arteries + + + + + + + + A muscle layer that is part of a fallopian tube. + EMAPA:29046 + FMA:18318 + SCTID:259488000 + muscle layer of fallopian tube + muscle layer of oviduct + muscle layer of uterine tube + muscular coat of uterine tube + muscular layer of uterine tube + muscularis of uterine tube + tunica muscularis (Tuba uterina) + tunica muscularis tubae uterinae + uterine tubal muscularis + uberon + UBERON:0006642 + + muscle layer of oviduct + muscle layer of oviduct + + + + + A muscle layer that is part of a fallopian tube. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + muscle layer of fallopian tube + FMA:18318 + + + + + muscle layer of oviduct + FMA:18318 + + + + + muscle layer of uterine tube + FMA:18318 + + + + + muscular coat of uterine tube + FMA:18318 + + + + + muscular layer of uterine tube + FMA:18318 + + + + + muscularis of uterine tube + FMA:18318 + + + + + tunica muscularis (Tuba uterina) + FMA:18318 + + + + + tunica muscularis tubae uterinae + FMA:18318 + FMA:TA + + + + + + uterine tubal muscularis + FMA:18318 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The deep dorsal vein of the penis lies beneath the deep fascia of the penis; it receives the blood from the glans penis and corpora cavernosa penis and courses backward in the middle line between the dorsal arteries; near the root of the penis it passes between the two parts of the suspensory ligament and then through an aperture between the arcuate pubic ligament and the transverse ligament of the pelvis, and divides into two branches, which enter the pudendal plexus. The deep vein also communicates below the symphysis pubis with the internal pudendal vein. + EMAPA:19219 + FMA:21354 + SCTID:55433007 + Wikipedia:Deep_dorsal_vein_of_the_penis + uberon + UBERON:0006656 + + deep dorsal vein of penis + deep dorsal vein of penis + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.166559 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:48.278479 + + + + + The deep dorsal vein of the penis lies beneath the deep fascia of the penis; it receives the blood from the glans penis and corpora cavernosa penis and courses backward in the middle line between the dorsal arteries; near the root of the penis it passes between the two parts of the suspensory ligament and then through an aperture between the arcuate pubic ligament and the transverse ligament of the pelvis, and divides into two branches, which enter the pudendal plexus. The deep vein also communicates below the symphysis pubis with the internal pudendal vein. + Wikipedia:Deep_dorsal_vein_of_the_penis + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any of the veins that accompany the musculophrenic artery and drain blood from the upper abdominal wall, the lower intercostal spaces, and the diaphragm. + EMAPA:19222 + FMA:4732 + SCTID:1895000 + musculophrenic vein + uberon + UBERON:0006662 + + musculo-phrenic vein + musculo-phrenic vein + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.166206 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:48.278427 + + + + + Any of the veins that accompany the musculophrenic artery and drain blood from the upper abdominal wall, the lower intercostal spaces, and the diaphragm. + http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/musculophrenic+vein + + + + + musculophrenic vein + FMA:4732 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The hemiazygos vein (vena azygos minor inferior) is a vein running superiorly in the lower thoracic region, just to the left side of the vertebral column. + The major anatomic variation between the pig and other mammalian species is the presence of the large left azygos vein, which enters the coronary sinus (Fig. 1). In other mammals, hemiazygos vein enters the pre- cava. + EHDAA2:0004534 + EMAPA:18251 + FMA:4944 + SCTID:244408009 + Wikipedia:Hemiazygos_vein + hemi-azygos vein + hemiazygous vein + inferior hemi-azygos vein + vena hemiazygos + uberon + hemiazygos + hemiazygos veins + hemiazygous vein + UBERON:0006663 + + hemiazygos vein + hemiazygos vein + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3e/Gray480.png + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:28.519750 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.165754 + + + + + The hemiazygos vein (vena azygos minor inferior) is a vein running superiorly in the lower thoracic region, just to the left side of the vertebral column. + Wikipedia:Hemiazygos_vein + + + + + hemi-azygos vein + FMA:4944 + + + + + hemiazygous vein + FMA:4944 + + + + + inferior hemi-azygos vein + FMA:4944 + + + + + vena hemiazygos + Wikipedia:Hemiazygos_vein + + + + + + hemiazygos + Wikipedia:Hemiazygos_vein + + + + + hemiazygos veins + Wikipedia:Hemiazygos_vein + + + + + hemiazygous vein + Wikipedia:Hemiazygos_vein + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The greater palatine artery is a terminal branch of the maxillary artery. It branches off of the maxillary artery in the pterygopalatine fossa and descends through the greater palatine foramen along with the greater palatine nerve and supplies the hard palate. It also anastomosis through the incisive canal with the sphenopalatine artery to supply the nasal cavity. + TODO - check for synonymy between greater and major; branching_part_of relation is made in FMA at level of descending GPA + EMAPA:18754 + FMA:49795 + MA:0001993 + SCTID:312163002 + Wikipedia:Greater_palatine_artery + major palatine artery + uberon + arteria palatina major + UBERON:0006664 + + greater palatine artery + greater palatine artery + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.166744 + + + + + The greater palatine artery is a terminal branch of the maxillary artery. It branches off of the maxillary artery in the pterygopalatine fossa and descends through the greater palatine foramen along with the greater palatine nerve and supplies the hard palate. It also anastomosis through the incisive canal with the sphenopalatine artery to supply the nasal cavity. + Wikipedia:Greater_palatine_artery + + + + + major palatine artery + MA:0001993 + + + + + arteria palatina major + Wikipedia:Greater_palatine_artery + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The accessory hemiazygos vein (vena azygos minor superior) is a vein on the left side of the vertebral column that generally drains the fifth through eighth intercostal spaces on the left side of the body[WP]. + TODO - add superclass + EMAPA:19217 + FMA:5011 + Wikipedia:Accessory_hemiazygos_vein + accessory hemi-azygos vein + superior hemi-azygos vein + vena azygos accessoria + vena hemiazygos accessoria + uberon + vena hemiazygos accessoria + UBERON:0006665 + + accessory hemiazygos vein + accessory hemiazygos vein + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3e/Gray480.png + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.167972 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:48.278424 + + + + + The accessory hemiazygos vein (vena azygos minor superior) is a vein on the left side of the vertebral column that generally drains the fifth through eighth intercostal spaces on the left side of the body[WP]. + Wikipedia:Accessory_hemiazygos_vein + + + + + accessory hemi-azygos vein + FMA:5011 + + + + + superior hemi-azygos vein + FMA:5011 + + + + + vena azygos accessoria + FMA:5011 + + + + + vena hemiazygos accessoria + FMA:5011 + FMA:TA + + + + + + vena hemiazygos accessoria + Wikipedia:Accessory_hemiazygos_vein + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The great cerebral vein is one of the large blood vessels in the skull draining the cerebrum (brain)[WP,unvetted]. + EMAPA:19311 + FMA:50993 + NCIT:C33855 + SCTID:244396002 + UMLS:C0042448 + Wikipedia:Great_cerebral_vein + Wikipedia:Internal_cerebral_veins + great cerebral vein + great cerebral vein of Galen + vein of Galen + uberon + UBERON:0006666 + + great cerebral vein + great cerebral vein + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.166142 + + + + + The great cerebral vein is one of the large blood vessels in the skull draining the cerebrum (brain)[WP,unvetted]. + Wikipedia:Great_cerebral_vein + + + + + UMLS:C0042448 + ncithesaurus:Great_Cerebral_Vein_of_Galen + + + + + great cerebral vein + FMA:50993 + + + + + great cerebral vein of Galen + FMA:50993 + + + + + vein of Galen + FMA:50993 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The median sacral vein (or middle sacral veins) accompany the corresponding artery along the front of the sacrum, and join to form a single vein, which ends in the left common iliac vein; sometimes in the angle of junction of the two iliac veins. + EMAPA:26064 + FMA:77168 + Wikipedia:Median_sacral_vein + uberon + UBERON:0006687 + + median sacral vein + median sacral vein + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.168346 + + + + + The median sacral vein (or middle sacral veins) accompany the corresponding artery along the front of the sacrum, and join to form a single vein, which ends in the left common iliac vein; sometimes in the angle of junction of the two iliac veins. + Wikipedia:Median_sacral_vein + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The deep dorsal vein of clitoris is a vein which drains to the vesical plexus. + EMAPA:19218 + FMA:77504 + SCTID:25834009 + Wikipedia:Deep_dorsal_vein_of_clitoris + uberon + UBERON:0006690 + + deep dorsal vein of clitoris + deep dorsal vein of clitoris + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.166539 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:48.278331 + + + + + The deep dorsal vein of clitoris is a vein which drains to the vesical plexus. + Wikipedia:Deep_dorsal_vein_of_clitoris + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The extravascular space in the liver between the parenchymal cells and a sinusoid that contains the blood plasma. + FMA:63162 + MA:0002497 + NCIT:C33309 + SCTID:17779003 + UMLS:C0227530 + Wikipedia:Space_of_Disse + Disse's space + hepatic perisinusoidal space + perisinusoidal space of Disse + space of Disse + spatium perisinusoideum + uberon + perisinusoidal space + UBERON:0006729 + + + liver perisinusoidal space + liver perisinusoidal space + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:08:23.425057 + + + + + The extravascular space in the liver between the parenchymal cells and a sinusoid that contains the blood plasma. + ISBN:0-683-40008-8 + MP:0008988 + + + + + UMLS:C0227530 + ncithesaurus:Perisinusoidal_Space + + + + + Disse's space + FMA:63162 + + + + + hepatic perisinusoidal space + FMA:63162 + + + + + perisinusoidal space of Disse + FMA:63162 + + + + + space of Disse + FMA:63162 + + + + + spatium perisinusoideum + Wikipedia:Space_of_Disse + + + + + + perisinusoidal space + Wikipedia:Space_of_Disse + + + + + + + + The zonule of Zinn (Zinn's membrane, ciliary zonule) is a ring of fibrous strands connecting the ciliary body with the crystalline lens of the eye. The zonule of Zinn is split into two layers: a thin layer, which lines the hyaloid fossa, and a thicker layer, which is a collection of zonular fibers. Together, the fibers are known as the suspensory ligament of the lens[WP]. Modified or toughened vitreous that suspend the lens at the equator to the non-pigmented epithelium of the ciliary zone. In zebrafish, dorsal zonules are thickened as compared to ventral zonules. In both dorsal and ventral regions, these fibers delimit the vitreous body aqueous humor boundary[ZFA]. + FMA:58838 + SCTID:362524000 + Wikipedia:Zonule_of_Zinn + ZFA:0005573 + Zinn's membrane + ciliary zonule + zonule of Zinn + zonules + uberon + ciliary zonule + suspensory ligament of the lens + zonula + zonula ciliaris + zonular fiber + zonule + UBERON:0006762 + + + + suspensory ligament of lens + suspensory ligament of lens + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1e/Schematic_diagram_of_the_human_eye_en.svg + + + + + The zonule of Zinn (Zinn's membrane, ciliary zonule) is a ring of fibrous strands connecting the ciliary body with the crystalline lens of the eye. The zonule of Zinn is split into two layers: a thin layer, which lines the hyaloid fossa, and a thicker layer, which is a collection of zonular fibers. Together, the fibers are known as the suspensory ligament of the lens[WP]. Modified or toughened vitreous that suspend the lens at the equator to the non-pigmented epithelium of the ciliary zone. In zebrafish, dorsal zonules are thickened as compared to ventral zonules. In both dorsal and ventral regions, these fibers delimit the vitreous body aqueous humor boundary[ZFA]. + Wikipedia:Zonule_of_Zinn + + + + + Zinn's membrane + FMA:58838 + + + + + ciliary zonule + FMA:58838 + + + + + zonule of Zinn + FMA:58838 + + + + + zonules + ZFA:0005573 + + + + + + ciliary zonule + Wikipedia:Zonule_of_Zinn + + + + + suspensory ligament of the lens + Wikipedia:Zonule_of_Zinn + + + + + zonula + Wikipedia:Zonule_of_Zinn + + + + + zonula ciliaris + Wikipedia:Zonule_of_Zinn + + + + + zonula ciliaris + Wikipedia:Zonule_of_Zinn + + + + + + zonular fiber + Wikipedia:Zonule_of_Zinn + + + + + zonule + Wikipedia:Zonule_of_Zinn + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A blood vessel of the brain that connects the left and right anterior cerebral arteries. The anterior communicating artery connects the two anterior cerebral arteries across the commencement of the longitudinal fissure. Sometimes this vessel is wanting, the two arteries joining together to form a single trunk, which afterward divides; or it may be wholly, or partially, divided into two. Its length averages about 4 mm, but varies greatly. It gives off some of the anteromedial ganglionic vessels, but these are principally derived from the anterior cerebral artery. It is part of the cerebral arterial circle, also known as the circle of Willis. + EHDAA2:0000586 + EMAPA:18599 + FMA:50169 + NCIT:C32087 + SCTID:181311009 + UMLS:C0149562 + Wikipedia:Anterior_communicating_artery + uberon + arteria communicans anterior + UBERON:0006764 + + anterior communicating artery + anterior communicating artery + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2e/Circle_of_Willis_en.svg + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:28.519316 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.166042 + + + + + A blood vessel of the brain that connects the left and right anterior cerebral arteries. The anterior communicating artery connects the two anterior cerebral arteries across the commencement of the longitudinal fissure. Sometimes this vessel is wanting, the two arteries joining together to form a single trunk, which afterward divides; or it may be wholly, or partially, divided into two. Its length averages about 4 mm, but varies greatly. It gives off some of the anteromedial ganglionic vessels, but these are principally derived from the anterior cerebral artery. It is part of the cerebral arterial circle, also known as the circle of Willis. + Wikipedia:Anterior_communicating_artery + + + + + UMLS:C0149562 + ncithesaurus:Anterior_Communicating_Artery + + + + + arteria communicans anterior + Wikipedia:Anterior_communicating_artery + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Vein that is central to a lobule in the liver. + central vein + FMA:17544 + NCIT:C32281 + SCTID:272023004 + TAO:0005168 + Wikipedia:Central_veins_of_liver + ZFA:0005168 + terminal branch of hepatic vein + terminal hepatic venule + vena centralis (hepar) + uberon + UBERON:0006841 + + + central vein of liver + central vein of liver + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:08:23.425064 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.168403 + + + + + Vein that is central to a lobule in the liver. + ZFA:0005168 + + + + + central vein + ZFA:0005168 + + + + + terminal branch of hepatic vein + FMA:17544 + + + + + terminal hepatic venule + FMA:17544 + + + + + vena centralis (hepar) + FMA:17544 + + + + + + + + + EMAPA:28254 + MA:0002607 + uberon + podocyte layer + UBERON:0006852 + + glomerular visceral epithelium + glomerular visceral epithelium + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:04:44.729337 + + + + + podocyte layer + MA:0002607 + + + + + + + + + The squamous epithelium of the cervical portio is similar to that of the vagina, except that it is generally smooth and lacks rete pegs. Colposcopically, it appears featureless except for a fine network of vessels which is sometimes visible. The relative opacity and pale pink coloration of the squamous epithelium derives from its multi-layered histology and the location of its supporting vessels below the basement membrane. + MA:0001725 + NCIT:C49219 + UMLS:C1707351 + cervical squamous epithelium + uberon + UBERON:0006922 + + + cervix squamous epithelium + cervix squamous epithelium + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:19:56.274456 + + + + + The squamous epithelium of the cervical portio is similar to that of the vagina, except that it is generally smooth and lacks rete pegs. Colposcopically, it appears featureless except for a fine network of vessels which is sometimes visible. The relative opacity and pale pink coloration of the squamous epithelium derives from its multi-layered histology and the location of its supporting vessels below the basement membrane. + http://www.asccp.org/practicemanagement/cervix/histologyofthenormalcervix/tabid/5842/default.aspx + + + + + UMLS:C1707351 + ncithesaurus:Cervix_Squamous_Epithelium + + + + + + + + The epithelial cells lining the capsule and trabeculae of the thymus. + TODO - check whether this is part of the thymus or borders it + MA:0000769 + uberon + UBERON:0006936 + + + thymus subcapsular epithelium + thymus subcapsular epithelium + + + + + The epithelial cells lining the capsule and trabeculae of the thymus. + ISBN:0-8153-1691-7 + MGI:cwg + MP:0002369 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The Great Cardiac Vein (left coronary vein) begins at the apex of the heart and ascends along the anterior longitudinal sulcus to the base of the ventricles. It then curves to the left in the coronary sulcus, and reaching the back of the heart, opens into the left extremity of the coronary sinus. It receives tributaries from the left atrium and from both ventricles: one, the left marginal vein, is of considerable size, and ascends along the left margin of the heart. + EHDAA2:0004508 + EMAPA:37225 + FMA:4707 + MA:0002131 + NCIT:C12879 + SCTID:277728005 + UMLS:C0226659 + Wikipedia:Great_cardiac_vein + great cardiac vein + uberon + vena cardiaca magna + vena cordis magna + UBERON:0006958 + + great vein of heart + great cardiac vein + great vein of heart + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/57/Gray556.png + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:03:58.287930 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.166433 + + + + + The Great Cardiac Vein (left coronary vein) begins at the apex of the heart and ascends along the anterior longitudinal sulcus to the base of the ventricles. It then curves to the left in the coronary sulcus, and reaching the back of the heart, opens into the left extremity of the coronary sinus. It receives tributaries from the left atrium and from both ventricles: one, the left marginal vein, is of considerable size, and ascends along the left margin of the heart. + Wikipedia:Great_cardiac_vein + + + + + EMAPA:37225 + MA:th + + + + + UMLS:C0226659 + ncithesaurus:Great_Cardiac_Vein + + + + + great cardiac vein + FMA:4707 + + + + + vena cardiaca magna + Wikipedia:Great_cardiac_vein + + + + + + vena cordis magna + Wikipedia:Great_cardiac_vein + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A zone of skin that is mainly innervated by a single sensory nerve. A nerve field innervated by exactly one dorsal root is called a dermatome. + FMA:80301 + SCTID:244023005 + Wikipedia:Dermatome_(anatomy) + Wikipedia:Peripheral_nerve_field + uberon + dermatome + dermatome segment of skin + dermatomic area + peripheral nerve field + UBERON:0007121 + Examples: V1, V2 and V3 distributions of the trigeminal nerve; the zone of skin innervated by S2 + + skin nerve field + skin nerve field + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/97/Dermatomes_and_cutaneous_nerves_-_posterior.png + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:15:25.452523 + + + + + A zone of skin that is mainly innervated by a single sensory nerve. A nerve field innervated by exactly one dorsal root is called a dermatome. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + dermatome + Wikipedia:Dermatome_(anatomy) + + + + + dermatome segment of skin + Wikipedia:Dermatome_(anatomy) + + + + + dermatomic area + Wikipedia:Dermatome_(anatomy) + + + + + peripheral nerve field + Wikipedia:Dermatome_(anatomy) + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A spinal artery that arises from the vertebral artery, adjacent to the medulla oblongata[WP,modified]. + EMAPA:18243 + FMA:50522 + NCIT:C12876 + SCTID:181330009 + UMLS:C0226233 + Wikipedia:Posterior_spinal_artery + dorsal spinal artery + uberon + UBERON:0007146 + + posterior spinal artery + posterior spinal artery + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.165761 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:50.593345 + + + + + A spinal artery that arises from the vertebral artery, adjacent to the medulla oblongata[WP,modified]. + Wikipedia:Posterior_spinal_artery + + + + + UMLS:C0226233 + ncithesaurus:Posterior_Spinal_Artery + + + + + dorsal spinal artery + FMA:50522 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + One of the three branches of the thyroid axis that supplies the thyroid gland and branches to form the ascending cervical, esophageal, inferior laryngeal, muscular and tracheal arteries. + EMAPA:18623 + FMA:10662 + NCIT:C53022 + SCTID:303419004 + UMLS:C0226264 + Wikipedia:Inferior_thyroid_artery + uberon + arteria thyreoidea inferior + UBERON:0007149 + + inferior thyroid artery + inferior thyroid artery + Thyrocervical:trunk.png + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.165965 + + + + + One of the three branches of the thyroid axis that supplies the thyroid gland and branches to form the ascending cervical, esophageal, inferior laryngeal, muscular and tracheal arteries. + ncithesaurus:Inferior_Thyroid_Artery + + + + + UMLS:C0226264 + ncithesaurus:Inferior_Thyroid_Artery + + + + + arteria thyreoidea inferior + Wikipedia:Inferior_thyroid_artery + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The superior thyroid artery arises from the external carotid artery just below the level of the greater cornu of the hyoid bone and ends in the thyroid gland. + EMAPA:18624 + FMA:49472 + NCIT:C53021 + SCTID:244218002 + UMLS:C0226093 + Wikipedia:Superior_thyroid_artery + uberon + arteria thyreoidea superior + UBERON:0007150 + + superior thyroid artery + superior thyroid artery + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5a/Plate_16_Zuckerkandl.jpg + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:28.519376 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.165890 + + + + + The superior thyroid artery arises from the external carotid artery just below the level of the greater cornu of the hyoid bone and ends in the thyroid gland. + Wikipedia:Superior_thyroid_artery + + + + + UMLS:C0226093 + ncithesaurus:Superior_Thyroid_Artery + + + + + arteria thyreoidea superior + Wikipedia:Superior_thyroid_artery + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An intracranial venous sinus that lies in a midline location along the lower free border of the falx cerebri of the brain. The sinus receives blood from the great cerebral vein and joins the superior sagittal sinus posteriorly. + EMAPA:18635 + FMA:50768 + NCIT:C12514 + SCTID:279260007 + UMLS:C0226861 + Wikipedia:Inferior_sagittal_sinus + uberon + UBERON:0007152 + + inferior sagittal sinus + inferior sagittal sinus + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.166109 + + + + + An intracranial venous sinus that lies in a midline location along the lower free border of the falx cerebri of the brain. The sinus receives blood from the great cerebral vein and joins the superior sagittal sinus posteriorly. + ncithesaurus:Inferior_Sagittal_Sinus + + + + + UMLS:C0226861 + ncithesaurus:Inferior_Sagittal_Sinus + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An artery that arises from the internal thoracic arteryand anastomoses with the inferior epigastric artery at the umbilicus and supplies the anterior part of the abdominal wall and some of the diaphragm. + superior epigastric + superior epigastric branch + EMAPA:18752 + FMA:10646 + SCTID:244287004 + Wikipedia:Superior_epigastric_artery + uberon + a. epigastrica superior + UBERON:0007153 + + superior epigastric artery + superior epigastric artery + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:28.519746 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.166076 + + + + + An artery that arises from the internal thoracic arteryand anastomoses with the inferior epigastric artery at the umbilicus and supplies the anterior part of the abdominal wall and some of the diaphragm. + Wikipedia:Superior_epigastric_artery + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + superior epigastric + Wikipedia:Superior_epigastric_artery + + + + + superior epigastric branch + Wikipedia:Superior_epigastric_artery + + + + + a. epigastrica superior + Wikipedia:Superior_epigastric_artery + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The blood vessel carrying deoxygenated blood that arises from the superior epigastric vein and empties into the external iliac vein. + EMAPA:18760 + FMA:21162 + NCIT:C32434 + SCTID:286872000 + UMLS:C0226762 + uberon + deep epigastric vein + venae epigastricae inferiores + UBERON:0007154 + + inferior epigastric vein + inferior epigastric vein + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.165688 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:48.278287 + + + + + The blood vessel carrying deoxygenated blood that arises from the superior epigastric vein and empties into the external iliac vein. + ncithesaurus:Deep_Epigastric_Vein + + + + + UMLS:C0226762 + ncithesaurus:Deep_Epigastric_Vein + + + + + venae epigastricae inferiores + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A vein that drains into the internal thoracic vein, anastomosing with the inferior epigastric vein at the level of the umbilicus and drains the anterior part of the abdominal wall and some of the diaphragm. Along its course, it is accompanied by a similarly named artery, the superior epigastric artery. + EMAPA:18761 + FMA:4731 + SCTID:286596001 + Wikipedia:Superior_epigastric_vein + uberon + venae epigastricae superiores + UBERON:0007155 + + superior epigastric vein + superior epigastric vein + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.165795 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:48.278492 + + + + + A vein that drains into the internal thoracic vein, anastomosing with the inferior epigastric vein at the level of the umbilicus and drains the anterior part of the abdominal wall and some of the diaphragm. Along its course, it is accompanied by a similarly named artery, the superior epigastric artery. + UBERON:cjm + Wikipedia:Superior_epigastric_vein + + + + + venae epigastricae superiores + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The inferior thyroid veins two, frequently three or four, in number, arise in the venous plexus on the thyroid gland, communicating with the middle and superior thyroid veins. They form a plexus in front of the trachea, behind the Sternothyreoidei. From this plexus, a left vein descends and joins the left innominate trunk, and a right vein passes obliquely downward and to the right across the innominate artery to open into the right innominate vein, just at its junction with the superior vena cava; sometimes the right and left veins open by a common trunk in the latter situation. These veins receive esophageal tracheal, and inferior laryngeal veins, and are provided with valves at their terminations in the innominate veins. + EMAPA:18763 + FMA:4728 + SCTID:303423007 + Wikipedia:Inferior_thyroid_veins + inferior thyroid venous tree + vena thyroidea inferioris + uberon + UBERON:0007156 + + inferior thyroid vein + inferior thyroid vein + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.167431 + + + + + The inferior thyroid veins two, frequently three or four, in number, arise in the venous plexus on the thyroid gland, communicating with the middle and superior thyroid veins. They form a plexus in front of the trachea, behind the Sternothyreoidei. From this plexus, a left vein descends and joins the left innominate trunk, and a right vein passes obliquely downward and to the right across the innominate artery to open into the right innominate vein, just at its junction with the superior vena cava; sometimes the right and left veins open by a common trunk in the latter situation. These veins receive esophageal tracheal, and inferior laryngeal veins, and are provided with valves at their terminations in the innominate veins. + Wikipedia:Inferior_thyroid_veins + + + + + inferior thyroid venous tree + FMA:4728 + + + + + vena thyroidea inferioris + FMA:4728 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The superior thyroid vein begins in the substance and on the surface of the thyroid gland, by tributaries corresponding with the branches of the superior thyroid artery, and ends in the upper part of the internal jugular vein. It receives the superior laryngeal and cricothyroid veins. + EMAPA:18764 + FMA:14323 + SCTID:303421009 + Wikipedia:Superior_thyroid_vein + uberon + UBERON:0007157 + + superior thyroid vein + superior thyroid vein + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.167799 + + + + + The superior thyroid vein begins in the substance and on the surface of the thyroid gland, by tributaries corresponding with the branches of the superior thyroid artery, and ends in the upper part of the internal jugular vein. It receives the superior laryngeal and cricothyroid veins. + Wikipedia:Superior_thyroid_vein + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The inferior petrosal sinus, within the human head, is an area beneath the brain, which allows blood veins to span the area, from the center of the head downward. It drains from the cavernous sinus (beneath the brain) to the sigmoid sinuses above the internal jugular vein. + EMAPA:19234 + FMA:50770 + SCTID:279263009 + Wikipedia:Inferior_petrosal_sinus + sinus petrosal inferior + uberon + UBERON:0007160 + + inferior petrosal sinus + inferior petrosal sinus + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.166602 + + + + + The inferior petrosal sinus, within the human head, is an area beneath the brain, which allows blood veins to span the area, from the center of the head downward. It drains from the cavernous sinus (beneath the brain) to the sigmoid sinuses above the internal jugular vein. + Wikipedia:Inferior_petrosal_sinus + + + + + sinus petrosal inferior + FMA:50770 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A lamina propria that is part of a colonic mucosa. + EMAPA:27395 + FMA:15657 + MA:0003196 + SCTID:113284008 + colonic lamina propria + lamina propria mucosae of colon + lamina propria of colonic mucosa + lamina propria of colonic mucous membrane + uberon + UBERON:0007177 + + lamina propria of mucosa of colon + lamina propria + lamina propria of mucosa of colon + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:07:07.585500 + + + + + A lamina propria that is part of a colonic mucosa. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + colonic lamina propria + FMA:15657 + + + + + lamina propria mucosae of colon + FMA:15657 + + + + + lamina propria of colonic mucosa + FMA:15657 + + + + + lamina propria of colonic mucous membrane + FMA:15657 + + + + + + + + A muscularis mucosa that is part of a colonic mucosa. + EMAPA:27399 + FMA:15656 + MA:0003197 + SCTID:885000 + lamina muscularis of colonic mucosa + lamina muscularis of colonic mucous membrane + muscularis mucosa of colon + uberon + UBERON:0007178 + + muscularis mucosae of colon + muscularis mucosae of colon + + + + + A muscularis mucosa that is part of a colonic mucosa. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + lamina muscularis of colonic mucosa + FMA:15656 + + + + + lamina muscularis of colonic mucous membrane + FMA:15656 + + + + + + + + + EMAPA:29874 + FMA:18697 + SCTID:259073003 + atretic follicle + folliculus atreticus (ovarium) + uberon + UBERON:0007180 + + atretic follicle of ovary + atretic follicle of ovary + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:12:05.187744 + + + + + atretic follicle + FMA:18697 + + + + + folliculus atreticus (ovarium) + FMA:18697 + + + + + + + + A cranial nucleus for the vestibular nerve. [WP,unvetted]. + CALOHA:TS-2078 + EMAPA:35923 + EV:0100254 + FMA:54602 + MA:0001032 + NCIT:C12821 + SCTID:362462004 + UMLS:C0042600 + Wikipedia:Vestibular_nuclei + vestibular VIII nucleus + vestibular nucleus of acoustic nerve + vestibular nucleus of eighth cranial nerve + uberon + UBERON:0007228 + See comments for 'vestibular nuclear complex. + + vestibular nucleus + vestibular nucleus + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/52/Gray691.png + + + + + A cranial nucleus for the vestibular nerve. [WP,unvetted]. + Wikipedia:Vestibular_nuclei + http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0079612305510069 + https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/9028 + + + + + UMLS:C0042600 + ncithesaurus:Vestibular_Nucleus + + + + + vestibular VIII nucleus + MA:0001032 + + + + + vestibular nucleus of acoustic nerve + FMA:54602 + + + + + vestibular nucleus of eighth cranial nerve + FMA:54602 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The internal pudendal artery is an artery that branches off the internal iliac artery, providing blood to the external genitalia. The internal pudendal artery is the terminal branch of the anterior trunk of the internal iliac artery. It is smaller in the female than in the male. + FMA:18835 + SCTID:244309002 + Wikipedia:Internal_pudendal_artery + uberon + arteria pudenda interna + internal pudendal vessels + internal pudic artery + UBERON:0007315 + + internal pudendal artery + internal pudendal artery + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3a/Gray1244.png + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.166596 + + + + + The internal pudendal artery is an artery that branches off the internal iliac artery, providing blood to the external genitalia. The internal pudendal artery is the terminal branch of the anterior trunk of the internal iliac artery. It is smaller in the female than in the male. + Wikipedia:Internal_pudendal_artery + + + + + arteria pudenda interna + Wikipedia:Internal_pudendal_artery + + + + + + internal pudendal vessels + Wikipedia:Internal_pudendal_artery + + + + + internal pudic artery + Wikipedia:Internal_pudendal_artery + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The deep external pudendal artery (deep external pudic artery), more deeply seated than the superficial external pudendal artery, passes medialward across the Pectineus and the Adductor longus muscles; it is covered by the fascia lata, which it pierces at the medial side of the thigh, and is distributed, in the male, to the integument of the scrotum and perineum, in the female to the labium majus; its branches anastomose with the scrotal (or labial) branches of the perineal artery. + FMA:20739 + SCTID:31708008 + Wikipedia:Deep_external_pudendal_artery + uberon + arteria pudenda externa profunda + UBERON:0007316 + + deep external pudendal artery + deep external pudendal artery + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/43/Gray549.png + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.166673 + + + + + The deep external pudendal artery (deep external pudic artery), more deeply seated than the superficial external pudendal artery, passes medialward across the Pectineus and the Adductor longus muscles; it is covered by the fascia lata, which it pierces at the medial side of the thigh, and is distributed, in the male, to the integument of the scrotum and perineum, in the female to the labium majus; its branches anastomose with the scrotal (or labial) branches of the perineal artery. + Wikipedia:Deep_external_pudendal_artery + + + + + arteria pudenda externa profunda + Wikipedia:Deep_external_pudendal_artery + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An artery that arises from the medial side of the femoral artery, close to the superficial epigastric artery and superficial iliac circumflex artery. + FMA:20738 + SCTID:47954000 + Wikipedia:Superficial_external_pudendal_artery + superficial external pudic artery + uberon + arteria pudenda externa superficialis + UBERON:0007317 + After piercing the femoral sheath and fascia cribrosa, it courses medialward, across the spermatic cord (or round ligament in the female), to be distributed to the integument on the lower part of the abdomen, the penis and scrotum in the male, and the labium majus in the female, anastomosing with branches of the internal pudendal artery. it crosses superficial to the inguinal ligament[WP] + + superficial external pudendal artery + superficial external pudendal artery + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/43/Gray549.png + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.166822 + + + + + An artery that arises from the medial side of the femoral artery, close to the superficial epigastric artery and superficial iliac circumflex artery. + Wikipedia:Superficial_external_pudendal_artery + + + + + arteria pudenda externa superficialis + Wikipedia:Superficial_external_pudendal_artery + + + + + + + + + A dense accumulation of exocrine glands in the pancreas often surrounding islets of Langerhans. + TODO - check + In mice many lobules lack islets, in contrast to other mammals including humans + EMAPA:37710 + FMA:16012 + MA:0000721 + lobulus pancreaticus + pancreas lobe + pancreatic lobule + uberon + UBERON:0007324 + + pancreatic lobule + pancreatic lobule + + + + + A dense accumulation of exocrine glands in the pancreas often surrounding islets of Langerhans. + ISBN:0123813611 + + + + + EMAPA:37710 + MA:th + + + + + lobulus pancreaticus + FMA:16012 + + + + + pancreas lobe + MA:0000721 + + + + + pancreatic lobule + FMA:16012 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A duct that collects and carries secretions of the exocrine pancreas to the intestine. + this class groups together accessory (dorsal) and main (ventral) pancreatic ducts + Duct connecting the pancreas with the intestine. [Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier][VHOG] + These data show that ducts within the zebrafish pancreas originally arise in situ from isolated progenitor cells rather than arising from reiterative branching of the pancreatic epithelium. This process of pancreatic duct formation in zebrafish may be analogous to the mechanism of duct formation in the mammalian mammary and salivary glands. (...) A related mechanism of duct formation has also been proposed to occur within the mammalian pancreatic epithelium.[uncertain][VHOG] + in EHDAA2, the dorsal and ventral ducts are classified as epithelial sacs - review after overhaul of duct/epithelia terms + EHDAA:9194 + EMAPA:32952 + FMA:10419 + MA:0000124 + SCTID:181278006 + TAO:0001372 + VHOG:0000254 + Wikipedia:Pancreatic_duct + ZFA:0001372 + duct of pancreas + pancreas duct + uberon + ductus pancreaticus + UBERON:0007329 + + + + pancreatic duct + pancreatic duct + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/15/Gray1100.png + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:12:51.607375 + + + + + A duct that collects and carries secretions of the exocrine pancreas to the intestine. + GOC:cvs + GOC:ymb + Wikipedia:Pancreatic_duct + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/1250 + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2244-7917 + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9900-7880 + + + + + Duct connecting the pancreas with the intestine. [Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000254 + VHOG + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + These data show that ducts within the zebrafish pancreas originally arise in situ from isolated progenitor cells rather than arising from reiterative branching of the pancreatic epithelium. This process of pancreatic duct formation in zebrafish may be analogous to the mechanism of duct formation in the mammalian mammary and salivary glands. (...) A related mechanism of duct formation has also been proposed to occur within the mammalian pancreatic epithelium.[uncertain][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0000254 + VHOG + DOI:10.1016/j.ydbio.2005.04.035 Yee NS, Lorent K, Pack M, Exocrine pancreas development in zebrafish. Developmental Biology (2005) + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + in EHDAA2, the dorsal and ventral ducts are classified as epithelial sacs - review after overhaul of duct/epithelia terms + EHDAA2 + + + + + duct of pancreas + OBOL:accepted + + + + + pancreas duct + OBOL:accepted + + + + + ductus pancreaticus + Wikipedia:Pancreatic_duct + + + + + + + + + + A ciliated columnar epithelium that is part of a oviduct. + in FMA, epithelium of uterine tube is a subclass of ciliated columnar epithelium. MA introduces subtypes: ciliated columnar and cuboidal. We map the FMA type according to its relationships, not its label + FMA:62016 + MA:0001719 + uberon + epithelium of uterine tube + uterine tube epithelium + UBERON:0007589 + + ciliated columnar oviduct epithelium + ciliated columnar oviduct epithelium + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:03:04.115893 + + + + + A ciliated columnar epithelium that is part of a oviduct. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + in FMA, epithelium of uterine tube is a subclass of ciliated columnar epithelium. MA introduces subtypes: ciliated columnar and cuboidal. We map the FMA type according to its relationships, not its label + FMA + + + + + epithelium of uterine tube + FMA:62016 + + + + + uterine tube epithelium + FMA:62016 + + + + + + + + + A cuboidal epithelium that is part of a oviduct. + MA:0001720 + uberon + UBERON:0007590 + + cuboidal oviduct epithelium + cuboidal oviduct epithelium + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:03:04.115874 + + + + + A cuboidal epithelium that is part of a oviduct. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + A nucleus of the parabrachial area, which in the human brain is a horseshoe-shaped strip of gray matter comprising the Kölliker-Fuse nucleus, the lateral parabrachial nucleus and the medial parabrachial nucleus. + + + + + BAMS:PB + BM:PB + DHBA:12481 + DMBA:16844 + EMAPA:35657 + MA:0001019 + MBA:867 + NLX:23647 + Wikipedia:Parabrachial_nucleus + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1927 + uberon + parabrachial area + parabrachial complex + parabrachial nuclei + UBERON:0007634 + + parabrachial nucleus + parabrachial nucleus + + + + + A nucleus of the parabrachial area, which in the human brain is a horseshoe-shaped strip of gray matter comprising the Kölliker-Fuse nucleus, the lateral parabrachial nucleus and the medial parabrachial nucleus. + Wikipedia:Parabrachial_area + + + + + + ABA + + + + + + ABA + + + + + + ABA + + + + + + Butler, 1995 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The caroticotympanic branch (tympanic branch) is small; it enters the tympanic cavity through a minute foramen in the carotid canal, and anastomoses with the anterior tympanic branch of the internal maxillary, and with the stylomastoid artery. + FMA:49828 + SCTID:148470005 + Wikipedia:Caroticotympanic_arteries + uberon + arteriae caroticotympanicae + caroticotympanic branch + ramus caroticotympanicus + UBERON:0007693 + + caroticotympanic artery + caroticotympanic artery + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:28.519677 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.166849 + + + + + The caroticotympanic branch (tympanic branch) is small; it enters the tympanic cavity through a minute foramen in the carotid canal, and anastomoses with the anterior tympanic branch of the internal maxillary, and with the stylomastoid artery. + Wikipedia:Caroticotympanic_arteries + + + + + arteriae caroticotympanicae + Wikipedia:Caroticotympanic_arteries + + + + + + caroticotympanic branch + Wikipedia:Caroticotympanic_arteries + + + + + ramus caroticotympanicus + Wikipedia:Caroticotympanic_arteries + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + BAMS:MPA + BAMS:MPO + DHBA:266441547 + EMAPA:35550 + HBA:4543 + MA:0000839 + MBA:523 + medial preoptic area + uberon + medial preopticarea + UBERON:0007769 + + medial preoptic region + medial preoptic region + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:00:32.978092 + + + + + medial preoptic area + ABA:MPO + + + + + medial preopticarea + BAMS:MPO + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The nail plate is the hard and translucent portion of the nail, composed of keratin. + in FMA, the nail is the nail plate + EMAPA:35583 + MA:0002708 + NCIT:C34216 + SCTID:372177002 + Wikipedia:Nail_plate + uberon + lamina unguis + UBERON:0008198 + + nail plate + nail plate + Fingernail:label.jpg + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:15:22.380622 + + + + + The nail plate is the hard and translucent portion of the nail, composed of keratin. + Wikipedia:Nail_plate + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/20 + https://sourceforge.net/p/geneontology/ontology-requests/8479/ + + + + + in FMA, the nail is the nail plate + FMA + + + + + lamina unguis + Wikipedia:Nail_plate + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The artery that serves blood to the penis. It subdivides into three arteries, the bulbourethral artery, the dorsal artery of the penis and the cavernosal artery. + TODO - split generic structure from arterial tree + BTO:0005085 + FMA:66318 + SCTID:282044005 + Wikipedia:Penile_artery + uberon + artery of penis + penile artery + UBERON:0008320 + + common penile artery + common penile artery + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.168206 + + + + + The artery that serves blood to the penis. It subdivides into three arteries, the bulbourethral artery, the dorsal artery of the penis and the cavernosal artery. + Wikipedia:Penile_artery + + + + + artery of penis + FMA:66318 + + + + + penile artery + BTO:0005085 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The deep artery of clitoris is a branch of the internal pudendal artery. + FMA:20870 + SCTID:244297008 + Wikipedia:Deep_artery_of_clitoris + uberon + arteria profunda clitoridis + UBERON:0008322 + + deep artery of clitoris + deep artery of clitoris + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:28.519754 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.168336 + + + + + The deep artery of clitoris is a branch of the internal pudendal artery. + Wikipedia:Deep_artery_of_clitoris + + + + + arteria profunda clitoridis + Wikipedia:Deep_artery_of_clitoris + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The dorsal artery of clitoris is a branch of the internal pudendal artery. + FMA:20867 + SCTID:244298003 + Wikipedia:Dorsal_artery_of_clitoris + uberon + UBERON:0008323 + + dorsal artery of clitoris + dorsal artery of clitoris + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:28.519673 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.168316 + + + + + The dorsal artery of clitoris is a branch of the internal pudendal artery. + Wikipedia:Dorsal_artery_of_clitoris + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An epithelium that is part of a duodenum. + CALOHA:TS-2087 + EMAPA:19078 + FMA:17231 + MA:0003208 + SCTID:66036002 + epithelium of duodenum + uberon + UBERON:0008346 + + duodenal epithelium + duodenal epithelium + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:16:11.985165 + + + + + An epithelium that is part of a duodenum. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + epithelium of duodenum + FMA:17231 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An opening on medial margin of the kidney leading into the renal sinus. he renal vessels enter/leave the kidney at the hilum; the renal pelvis leaves the kidney at the hilum. + FMA:15610 + NCIT:C32740 + SCTID:279370006 + UMLS:C0227608 + Wikipedia:Hilum_of_kidney + galen:HilumOfKidney + hilar area of the kidney + renal hilum + uberon + UBERON:0008716 + + hilum of kidney + hilum of kidney + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:04:49.725583 + + + + + An opening on medial margin of the kidney leading into the renal sinus. he renal vessels enter/leave the kidney at the hilum; the renal pelvis leaves the kidney at the hilum. + http://anatomy.uams.edu/anatomyhtml/kidney.html + + + + + UMLS:C0227608 + ncithesaurus:Hilar_Area_of_the_Kidney + + + + + renal hilum + FMA:15610 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A nerve arising from the second and third cervical nerves from the cervical plexus and innervating the skin over the parotid gland, the skin of part of the ear, the adjacent portion of the scalp, cheek, and angle of the jaw. + FMA:6872 + SCTID:181110003 + Wikipedia:Great_auricular_nerve + nervus auricularis magnus + uberon + great auricular + greater auricular nerve + UBERON:0008833 + + great auricular nerve + great auricular nerve + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/dc/Gray805.png + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:13:49.327417 + + + + + A nerve arising from the second and third cervical nerves from the cervical plexus and innervating the skin over the parotid gland, the skin of part of the ear, the adjacent portion of the scalp, cheek, and angle of the jaw. + Wikipedia:Great_auricular_nerve + http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/great+auricular+nerve + + + + + nervus auricularis magnus + Wikipedia:Great_auricular_nerve + + + + + + great auricular + Wikipedia:Great_auricular_nerve + + + + + greater auricular nerve + Wikipedia:Great_auricular_nerve + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A fibrous ligament that connects the ovary to the lateral surface of the uterus. + FMA:55422 + SCTID:279915004 + Wikipedia:Ovarian_ligament + ligament of ovary + ligamentum ovarii proprium + proper ovarian ligament + uberon + UBERON:0008847 + The ligament runs in the broad ligament of the uterus, which is a fold of peritoneum rather than a fibrous ligament. Specifically, it is located in the parametrium + + ovarian ligament + ovarian ligament + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:12:14.426776 + + + + + A fibrous ligament that connects the ovary to the lateral surface of the uterus. + Wikipedia:Ovarian_ligament + + + + + ligament of ovary + FMA:55422 + + + + + ligamentum ovarii proprium + FMA:TA + + + + + + proper ovarian ligament + FMA:55422 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The distinguishing cell types of the lung alveolar tissue, including pulmonary epithelial cells (pneumocytes), alveolar capillary endothelial cells, interstitial cells (fibroblasts) and alveolar macrophages. + EMAPA:37942 + uberon + UBERON:0008870 + + + pulmonary alveolar parenchyma + pulmonary alveolar parenchyma + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:09:29.477282 + + + + + The distinguishing cell types of the lung alveolar tissue, including pulmonary epithelial cells (pneumocytes), alveolar capillary endothelial cells, interstitial cells (fibroblasts) and alveolar macrophages. + MP:0010901 + + + + + EMAPA:37942 + MA:th + + + + + + + + + The part of the airway consisting of a respiratory bronchiole and all of its branches. + EMAPA:37941 + FMA:7313 + NCIT:C33426 + SCTID:361365004 + UMLS:C0225696 + Wikipedia:Acinus#The_Lungs + acinus pulmonaris + arbor alveolaris + lobulus pulmonis primarius + primary pulmonary lobule + respiratory lobule + uberon + UBERON:0008874 + + + pulmonary acinus + Pulmonary Acinus + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:09:26.380045 + + + + + The part of the airway consisting of a respiratory bronchiole and all of its branches. + MP:0010911 + Wikipedia:Acinus#The_Lungs + + + + + EMAPA:37941 + MA:th + + + + + UMLS:C0225696 + ncithesaurus:Pulmonary_Acinus + + + + + acinus pulmonaris + FMA:7313 + FMA:TA + + + + + + arbor alveolaris + FMA:7313 + FMA:TA + + + + + + lobulus pulmonis primarius + FMA:7313 + FMA:TA + + + + + + primary pulmonary lobule + FMA:7313 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The uterine plexuses lie along the sides and superior angles of the uterus between the two layers of the broad ligament, and communicate with the ovarian and vaginal plexuses. They are drained by a pair of uterine veins on either side: these arise from the lower part of the plexuses, opposite the external orifice of the uterus, and open into the corresponding hypogastric vein. + FMA:29712 + SCTID:294553007 + Wikipedia:Uterine_venous_plexus + uberon + plexus venosus uterinus + uterine plexus + UBERON:0008889 + + uterine venous plexus + uterine venous plexsus + uterine venous plexus + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d4/Gray589.png + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.168453 + + + + + The uterine plexuses lie along the sides and superior angles of the uterus between the two layers of the broad ligament, and communicate with the ovarian and vaginal plexuses. They are drained by a pair of uterine veins on either side: these arise from the lower part of the plexuses, opposite the external orifice of the uterus, and open into the corresponding hypogastric vein. + Wikipedia:Uterine_venous_plexus + + + + + plexus venosus uterinus + Wikipedia:Uterine_venous_plexus + + + + + + uterine plexus + Wikipedia:Uterine_venous_plexus + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The lobe of the left lung that is closest to the head. + + EHDAA2:0000953 + EHDAA:4957 + FMA:7370 + NCIT:C33021 + SCTID:361984006 + UMLS:C1261076 + galen:UpperLobeOfLeftLung + left lung cranial lobe + left upper lobe + left upper lobe of lung + lobus superior (pulmo sinister) + lobus superior pulmonis sinistri + superior lobe of left lung + uberon + UBERON:0008952 + + upper lobe of left lung + Upper Lobe of Left Lung + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:09:29.477268 + + + + + The lobe of the left lung that is closest to the head. + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + + ISBN:0123813611 + + + + + UMLS:C1261076 + ncithesaurus:Upper_Lobe_of_the_Left_Lung + + + + + left lung cranial lobe + EHDAA2:0000953 + + + + + left upper lobe + FMA:7370 + + + + + left upper lobe of lung + FMA:7370 + + + + + lobus superior (pulmo sinister) + FMA:7370 + FMA:TA + + + + + + lobus superior pulmonis sinistri + FMA:TA + + + + + + superior lobe of left lung + FMA:7370 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A lower lobe of lung that is part of a left lung. + + EHDAA2:0000945 + EHDAA:4949 + FMA:7371 + NCIT:C33020 + SCTID:361989001 + UMLS:C1261077 + galen:LowerLobeOfLeftLung + inferior lobe of left lung + left lower lobe + left lower lobe of lung + left lung caudal lobe + lobus inferior (pulmo sinister) + lobus inferior pulmonis sinistri + uberon + UBERON:0008953 + + lower lobe of left lung + Lower Lobe of Left Lung + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:09:29.477143 + + + + + A lower lobe of lung that is part of a left lung. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + ISBN:0123813611 + + + + + UMLS:C1261077 + ncithesaurus:Lower_Lobe_of_the_Left_Lung + + + + + inferior lobe of left lung + FMA:7371 + + + + + left lower lobe + FMA:7371 + + + + + left lower lobe of lung + FMA:7371 + + + + + left lung caudal lobe + EHDAA2:0000945 + + + + + lobus inferior (pulmo sinister) + FMA:7371 + + + + + lobus inferior pulmonis sinistri + FMA:TA + + + + + + + + + Any exocrine gland whose cells bud their secretions off through the plasma membrane producing membrane-bound vesicles in the lumen; the apical portion of the secretory cell of the gland pinches off and enters the lumen; it loses part of its cytoplasm in their secretions; apocrine secretion is functional during hormonal stress or puberty; an example of true apocrine glands are mammary glands, responsible for secreting breast milk. + apocrine + Mammary glands are modified apocrine glands present in both humans and mice; unlike humans, mice do not have axillary apocrine sweat glands[MGI:anna] + BTO:0001162 + EMAPA:35141 + MA:0003040 + SCTID:361698000 + Wikipedia:Apocrine + true apocrine gland + uberon + UBERON:0008974 + + + + apocrine gland + apocrine gland + + + + + Any exocrine gland whose cells bud their secretions off through the plasma membrane producing membrane-bound vesicles in the lumen; the apical portion of the secretory cell of the gland pinches off and enters the lumen; it loses part of its cytoplasm in their secretions; apocrine secretion is functional during hormonal stress or puberty; an example of true apocrine glands are mammary glands, responsible for secreting breast milk. + MGI:anna + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A germinal center that is located in a lymph node. + germinal center + BTO:0003671 + CALOHA:TS-1269 + EMAPA:35528 + MA:0002989 + NCIT:C49757 + SCTID:327147000 + lymph node light zone + uberon + lymph node activated zone + lymph node central zone + lymph node nodule + UBERON:0009039 + + + lymph node germinal center + lymph node germinal center + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:10:35.184954 + + + + + A germinal center that is located in a lymph node. + CL:tm + + + + + germinal center + BTO:0003671 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The deep circumflex iliac artery (or deep iliac circumflex artery) is an artery in the pelvis that travels along the iliac crest of the pelvic bone. + FMA:20687 + NCIT:C32432 + SCTID:181353005 + UMLS:C0226405 + Wikipedia:Deep_circumflex_iliac_artery + arteria circumflexa ilium profunda + uberon + arteria circumflexa ilium profunda + deep iliac circumflex + deep iliac circumflex artery + UBERON:0009040 + + deep circumflex iliac artery + deep circumflex iliac artery + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/07/Gray586.png + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/74/Gray586.png + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:28.519601 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.165670 + + + + + The deep circumflex iliac artery (or deep iliac circumflex artery) is an artery in the pelvis that travels along the iliac crest of the pelvic bone. + Wikipedia:Deep_circumflex_iliac_artery + + + + + UMLS:C0226405 + ncithesaurus:Deep_Circumflex_Iliac_Artery + + + + + arteria circumflexa ilium profunda + Wikipedia:Deep_circumflex_iliac_artery + + + + + arteria circumflexa ilium profunda + Wikipedia:Deep_circumflex_iliac_artery + + + + + + deep iliac circumflex + Wikipedia:Deep_circumflex_iliac_artery + + + + + deep iliac circumflex artery + Wikipedia:Deep_circumflex_iliac_artery + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The superficial iliac circumflex artery (or superficial circumflex iliac), the smallest of the cutaneous branches of the femoral artery, arises close to the superficial epigastric artery, and, piercing the fascia lata, runs lateralward, parallel with the inguinal ligament, as far as the crest of the ilium. It divides into branches which supply the integument of the groin, the superficial fascia, and the superficial subinguinal lymph glands, anastomosing with the deep iliac circumflex, the superior gluteal and lateral femoral circumflex arteries. + FMA:20737 + NCIT:C52864 + UMLS:C0738891 + Wikipedia:Superficial_circumflex_iliac_artery + arteria circumflexa ilium superficialis + uberon + iliac circumflex artery + superficial circumflex iliac artery + UBERON:0009041 + + superficial circumflex iliac artery + superficial circumflex iliac artery + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8b/Gray548.png + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.166128 + + + + + The superficial iliac circumflex artery (or superficial circumflex iliac), the smallest of the cutaneous branches of the femoral artery, arises close to the superficial epigastric artery, and, piercing the fascia lata, runs lateralward, parallel with the inguinal ligament, as far as the crest of the ilium. It divides into branches which supply the integument of the groin, the superficial fascia, and the superficial subinguinal lymph glands, anastomosing with the deep iliac circumflex, the superior gluteal and lateral femoral circumflex arteries. + Wikipedia:Superficial_circumflex_iliac_artery + + + + + UMLS:C0738891 + ncithesaurus:Superficial_Circumflex_Iliac_Artery + + + + + arteria circumflexa ilium superficialis + Wikipedia:Superficial_iliac_circumflex_artery + + + + + iliac circumflex artery + Wikipedia:Superficial_iliac_circumflex_artery + + + + + superficial circumflex iliac artery + Wikipedia:Superficial_iliac_circumflex_artery + + + + + + + + + + + + + + FMA:44488 + uberon + deep external pudic vein + UBERON:0009048 + + deep external pudendal vein + deep external pudendal vein + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.167764 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + FMA:21377 + uberon + superficial external pudic vein + UBERON:0009049 + + superficial external pudendal vein + superficial external pudendal vein + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.167988 + + + + + + + + This class was created in order to align KUPO with CL. The original class was undefined, and the intended meaning is not clear, may be obsoleted in future. The vasa recta is parallel to the loop of Henles, this may refer to the portion of the vasa recta parallel to the ascending limb + KUPO:0001005 + uberon + UBERON:0009091 + + vasa recta ascending limb + vasa recta ascending limb + + + + + This class was created in order to align KUPO with CL. The original class was undefined, and the intended meaning is not clear, may be obsoleted in future. The vasa recta is parallel to the loop of Henles, this may refer to the portion of the vasa recta parallel to the ascending limb + CL + + + + + + + + + + + + + + KUPO:0001009 + papillary tip + papillary tips + uberon + UBERON:0009095 + + tip of renal papilla + tip of renal papilla + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:04:49.725503 + + + + + papillary tip + KUPO:0001009 + + + + + papillary tips + KUPO:0001009 + + + + + + + + + This class was created in order to align KUPO with CL. The original class was undefined, and the intended meaning is not clear, may be obsoleted in future. The vasa recta is parallel to the loop of Henles, this may refer to the portion of the vasa recta parallel to the descending limb + KUPO:0001002 + uberon + UBERON:0009202 + + vasa recta descending limb + vasa recta descending limb + + + + + This class was created in order to align KUPO with CL. The original class was undefined, and the intended meaning is not clear, may be obsoleted in future. The vasa recta is parallel to the loop of Henles, this may refer to the portion of the vasa recta parallel to the descending limb + CL + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A branch of the maxillary artery that is found in the gingiva, premolars, and molars. + add child terms + EMAPA:37069 + MA:0001913 + NCIT:C52848 + UMLS:C1706783 + uberon + UBERON:0009654 + + alveolar artery + alveolar artery + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:28.519248 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.165988 + + + + + A branch of the maxillary artery that is found in the gingiva, premolars, and molars. + ncithesaurus:Alveolar_Artery + + + + + EMAPA:37069 + MA:th + + + + + UMLS:C1706783 + ncithesaurus:Alveolar_Artery + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The middle cardiac vein commences at the apex of the heart, ascends in the posterior longitudinal sulcus, and ends in the coronary sinus near its right extremity. + EHDAA2:0004509 + FMA:4713 + NCIT:C12880 + SCTID:277729002 + UMLS:C0226660 + Wikipedia:Middle_cardiac_vein + lesser cardiac vein + posterior interventricular vein + uberon + vena cardiaca media + UBERON:0009687 + + middle cardiac vein + middle cardiac vein + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:03:58.287933 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.167775 + + + + + The middle cardiac vein commences at the apex of the heart, ascends in the posterior longitudinal sulcus, and ends in the coronary sinus near its right extremity. + Wikipedia:Middle_cardiac_vein + + + + + UMLS:C0226660 + ncithesaurus:Middle_Cardiac_Vein + + + + + lesser cardiac vein + FMA:4713 + + + + + posterior interventricular vein + FMA:4713 + + + + + vena cardiaca media + Wikipedia:Middle_cardiac_vein + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA), the largest branch of the vertebral, is one of the three main arterial blood supplies for the cerebellum. + EHDAA2:0000660 + FMA:50518 + NCIT:C33362 + SCTID:244212001 + UMLS:C0149573 + Wikipedia:Posterior_inferior_cerebellar_artery + posterior inferior cerebellar artery + uberon + UBERON:0009688 + + posterior inferior cerebellar artery + posterior inferior cerebellar artery + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:28.519426 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.166903 + + + + + The posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA), the largest branch of the vertebral, is one of the three main arterial blood supplies for the cerebellum. + Wikipedia:Posterior_inferior_cerebellar_artery + + + + + UMLS:C0149573 + ncithesaurus:Posterior_Inferior_Cerebellar_Artery + + + + + posterior inferior cerebellar artery + EHDAA2:0000660 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A basilar artery branch that supplies the anterior portion of the inferior surface of the cerebellum. + EHDAA2:0000587 + EMAPA:37070 + FMA:50544 + NCIT:C32091 + SCTID:244213006 + UMLS:C0226245 + Wikipedia:Anterior_inferior_cerebellar_artery + uberon + UBERON:0009689 + + anterior inferior cerebellar artery + anterior inferior cerebellar artery + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:28.519362 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.166411 + + + + + A basilar artery branch that supplies the anterior portion of the inferior surface of the cerebellum. + ncithesaurus:Anterior_Inferior_Cerebellar_Artery + + + + + EMAPA:37070 + MA:th + + + + + UMLS:C0226245 + ncithesaurus:Anterior_Inferior_Cerebellar_Artery + + + + + + + + EHDAA2:0001371 + uberon + pancreatis dorsalis + UBERON:0009708 + + + dorsal pancreas + dorsal pancreas + + + + + + + + EHDAA2:0001393 + uberon + pancreatis ventralis + UBERON:0009709 + + + ventral pancreas + ventral pancreas + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The channels in the lymph node medulla that separate the medullary cords and are crossed by a reticulum of cells and fibers and bounded by littoral cells; lymph flows through the medullary sinus from the cortical sinuses and into the efferent lymphatic vessels. + medullary sinus + EMAPA:37898 + FMA:312359 + uberon + lymph node medullary sinusoid + UBERON:0009744 + + Lymph flows into the medullary sinuses from cortical sinuses, and into efferent lymphatic vessels. Medullary sinuses contain histiocytes (immobile macrophages) and reticular cells.[WP] + + lymph node medullary sinus + lymph node medullary sinus + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:10:35.185005 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:10:44.593845 + + + + + The channels in the lymph node medulla that separate the medullary cords and are crossed by a reticulum of cells and fibers and bounded by littoral cells; lymph flows through the medullary sinus from the cortical sinuses and into the efferent lymphatic vessels. + MP:0011222 + + + + + EMAPA:37898 + MA:th + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The dense rope-like structures of lymphatic tissue located between the medullary sinuses in the medulla of a lymph node. + medullary cord + EMAPA:37897 + uberon + UBERON:0009745 + + + lymph node medullary cord + lymph node medullary cord + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:10:35.184988 + + + + + The dense rope-like structures of lymphatic tissue located between the medullary sinuses in the medulla of a lymph node. + MP:0011224 + + + + + EMAPA:37897 + MA:th + + + + + + + + The embryonic connective tissue made up of loosely aggregated mesenchymal cells, supported by interlaminar jelly, that gives rise to the developing pancreas. + EFO:0002557 + EMAPA:26220 + uberon + UBERON:0009752 + + + + pancreas mesenchyme + pancreas mesenchyme + + + + + The embryonic connective tissue made up of loosely aggregated mesenchymal cells, supported by interlaminar jelly, that gives rise to the developing pancreas. + MP:0011265 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The part of the uterus above the isthmus and below the orifices of the uterine tubes. + CALOHA:TS-1265 + EFO:0000382 + FMA:17739 + NCIT:C12316 + SCTID:279878007 + UMLS:C0227813 + corpus uteri + uterine body + uterine corpus + uberon + UBERON:0009853 + + + body of uterus + body of uterus + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:19:59.368952 + + + + + The part of the uterus above the isthmus and below the orifices of the uterine tubes. + http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/corpus+uteri + + + + + UMLS:C0227813 + ncithesaurus:Corpus_Uteri + + + + + corpus uteri + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + uterine body + FMA:17739 + + + + + uterine corpus + FMA:17739 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A renal, cortical lobule, consisting of the ascending or descending limbs of the loop of Henle or of the collecting tubules; medullary rays are regions where parallel arrays of straight tubules travel perpendicular to the capsule and extend from the cortex to the medulla. + FMA says parenchyma, MP says cortex + Their name is potentially misleading -- the 'medullary' refers to their destination, not their location. They are located only in the renal cortex, and not in the renal medulla + BTO:0001155 + EMAPA:37906 + FMA:74299 + Wikipedia:Bone_marrow_of_ovaryry_ray_(anatomy) + Ferrein's pyramid + kidney medullary ray + renal medullary ray + uberon + UBERON:0009883 + + + medullary ray + medullary ray + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:04:49.725514 + + + + + A renal, cortical lobule, consisting of the ascending or descending limbs of the loop of Henle or of the collecting tubules; medullary rays are regions where parallel arrays of straight tubules travel perpendicular to the capsule and extend from the cortex to the medulla. + MP:0011347 + Wikipedia:Bone_marrow_of_ovaryry_ray_(anatomy) + + + + + FMA says parenchyma, MP says cortex + FMA + + + + + EMAPA:37906 + MA:th + + + + + Ferrein's pyramid + MP:0011347 + + + + + kidney medullary ray + MP:0011347 + + + + + renal medullary ray + MP:0011347 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An artery that supplies a renal lobe. + FMA only has the set term + EMAPA:37091 + FMA:71637 + SCTID:62802007 + Wikipedia:Interlobar_arteries + arteriae interlobares renis + interlobar artery of kidney + kidney interlobar artery + renal interlobar artery + uberon + arteriae interlobares renis + interlobar arteries of kidney + set of interlobar arteries of kidney + UBERON:0009885 + + + interlobar artery + interlobar artery + Kidney:PioM.png + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.167447 + + + + + An artery that supplies a renal lobe. + Wikipedia:Interlobar_arteries + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + FMA only has the set term + FMA + + + + + EMAPA:37091 + MA:th + + + + + arteriae interlobares renis + FMA:TA + + + + + + interlobar artery of kidney + FMA:71637 + + + + + renal interlobar artery + MP:0011355 + + + + + arteriae interlobares renis + Wikipedia:Interlobar_arteries + + + + + + interlobar arteries of kidney + FMA:71637 + + + + + set of interlobar arteries of kidney + FMA:71637 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The interlobar veins are veins of the renal circulation which drain the renal lobes. + FMA only has the set term + FMA:71631 + Wikipedia:Interlobar_veins + interlobar vein of kidney + venae interlobares renis + uberon + interlobar veins of kidney + set of interlobar veins of kidney + venae interlobares renis + UBERON:0009887 + + interlobar vein + interlobar vein + Kidney:PioM.png + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.166314 + + + + + The interlobar veins are veins of the renal circulation which drain the renal lobes. + Wikipedia:Interlobar_veins + + + + + FMA only has the set term + FMA + + + + + interlobar vein of kidney + FMA:71631 + + + + + venae interlobares renis + FMA:TA + + + + + + interlobar veins of kidney + FMA:71631 + + + + + set of interlobar veins of kidney + FMA:71631 + + + + + venae interlobares renis + Wikipedia:Interlobar_veins + + + + + + + + + The smooth muscle tissue surrounding the epithelium of the ureter. + EMAPA:28811 + ureteral smooth muscle + ureteral smooth muscle layer + uberon + UBERON:0009919 + + + ureter smooth muscle + ureter detrusor smooth muscle + + + + + The smooth muscle tissue surrounding the epithelium of the ureter. + MP:0011426 + + + + + ureteral smooth muscle + MP:0011426 + + + + + ureteral smooth muscle layer + EMAPA:28844 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + EMAPA:37751 + FMA:62815 + MA:0000761 + NCIT:C33605 + UMLS:C1179415 + sinus lienalis + sinus splenicus + splenic sinus + venous sinus of red pulp of spleen + uberon + UBERON:0009967 + + spleen venous sinus + + splenic sinusoid + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:16:56.115523 + + + + + EMAPA:37751 + MA:th + + + + + UMLS:C1179415 + ncithesaurus:Splenic_Sinus + + + + + sinus lienalis + FMA:TA + + + + + + sinus splenicus + FMA:TA + + + + + + splenic sinus + FMA:62815 + + + + + venous sinus of red pulp of spleen + FMA:62815 + + + + + + + + A condyle that is part of a distal epiphysis of femur. + Convex articular facet of the distal head of the femur that articulates with the proximal head of the fibula.[AAO] + AAO:0000900 + FMA:32855 + NCIT:C114186 + SCTID:304912006 + galen:FemoralCondyle + condylus femoralis + condylus femoris + femoral condyle + uberon + fibular condyle + UBERON:0009980 + + condyle of femur + condyle of femur + + + + + A condyle that is part of a distal epiphysis of femur. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + Convex articular facet of the distal head of the femur that articulates with the proximal head of the fibula.[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0000900 + AAO + AAO:LAP + + + + + fibular condyle + AAO:0000900 + + + + + + + + + The medial condyle is one of the two projections on the lower extremity of femur. The medial condyle is larger than the lateral (outer) condyle due to more weight bearing caused by the center of gravity being medial to the knee. On the posterior surface of the condyle the linea aspera (a ridge running down the posterior shaft of the femur) turns into the medial supracondylar ridge. The outermost protrusion on the medial surface of the medial condyle is referred to as the 'medial epicondyle' and can be palpated by running fingers medially from the patella with the knee in flexion. + FMA:32858 + SCTID:182056007 + Wikipedia:Medial_condyle_of_femur + condylus medialis femoris + uberon + c. medialis femoris + medial condyle of the femur + medial femoral condyle + UBERON:0009984 + + medial condyle of femur + medial condyle of femur + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/53/Gray246.png + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:05:54.289580 + + + + + The medial condyle is one of the two projections on the lower extremity of femur. The medial condyle is larger than the lateral (outer) condyle due to more weight bearing caused by the center of gravity being medial to the knee. On the posterior surface of the condyle the linea aspera (a ridge running down the posterior shaft of the femur) turns into the medial supracondylar ridge. The outermost protrusion on the medial surface of the medial condyle is referred to as the 'medial epicondyle' and can be palpated by running fingers medially from the patella with the knee in flexion. + Wikipedia:Medial_condyle_of_femur + + + + + condylus medialis femoris + FMA:32858 + FMA:TA + + + + + + c. medialis femoris + Wikipedia:Medial_condyle_of_femur + + + + + c. medialis femoris + Wikipedia:Medial_condyle_of_femur + + + + + + medial condyle of the femur + Wikipedia:Medial_condyle_of_femur + + + + + medial femoral condyle + FMA:32858 + + + + + + + + + The lateral condyle is one of the two projections on the lower extremity of femur. It is the more prominent and is the broader both in its antero-posterior and transverse diameters. + FMA:32859 + SCTID:182057003 + Wikipedia:Lateral_condyle_of_femur + condylus lateralis femoris + uberon + c. lateralis femoris + lateral condyle of the femur + lateral femoral condyle + UBERON:0009985 + + lateral condyle of femur + lateral condyle of femur + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/53/Gray246.png + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:05:54.289594 + + + + + The lateral condyle is one of the two projections on the lower extremity of femur. It is the more prominent and is the broader both in its antero-posterior and transverse diameters. + Wikipedia:Lateral_condyle_of_femur + + + + + condylus lateralis femoris + FMA:32859 + FMA:TA + + + + + + c. lateralis femoris + Wikipedia:Lateral_condyle_of_femur + + + + + c. lateralis femoris + Wikipedia:Lateral_condyle_of_femur + + + + + + lateral condyle of the femur + Wikipedia:Lateral_condyle_of_femur + + + + + lateral femoral condyle + FMA:32859 + + + + + + + + One of the lateral or medial condyles of the tibia. + Convex articular facet of the distal head of the femur that articulates with the proximal head of the tibia.[AAO] + AAO:0000899 + SCTID:182062002 + Wikipedia:Tibial_condyle + tibial condyle + uberon + UBERON:0009989 + + condyle of tibia + condyle of tibia + + + + + One of the lateral or medial condyles of the tibia. + Wikipedia:Tibial_condyle + + + + + Convex articular facet of the distal head of the femur that articulates with the proximal head of the tibia.[AAO] + 2012-06-20 + AAO:0000899 + AAO + AAO:LAP + + + + + tibial condyle + AAO:0000899 + + + + + + + + Subcortical masses of gray matter in the forebrain and midbrain that are richly interconnected and so viewed as a functional system. The nuclei usually included are the caudate nucleus (caudoputamen in rodents), putamen, globus pallidus, substantia nigra (pars compacta and pars reticulata) and the subthalamic nucleus. Some also include the nucleus accumbens and ventral pallidum. + it is necessary to introduce two classes, one representing an individual basal ganglion, another representing the aggregate structure, in order to have consistent classification amongst AOs (e.g. in MA the aygdala is part of the BG, in FMA and BTO it is a subclass). Apart from achieving this consistency, the value of having two distinct classes is questionable, since the BG-plural is trivially the collection of all BGs-singular. it would be better for all AOs to decide on one single way of doing this. Do not merge until this is done. + All nuclei of the mammalian basal ganglia are also present in the oldest vertebrates.[well established][VHOG] + BAMS:BG + BIRNLEX:826 + BM:Tel-BG + DHBA:10331 + EMAPA:32673 + FMA:84013 + GAID:617 + HBA:4275 + HBA:4276 + MA:0000184 + MBA:623 + MESH:A08.186.211.730.885.105 + NCIT:C12447 + PBA:128012596 + PBA:4001 + UMLS:C0004781 + VHOG:0001696 + Wikipedia:Basal_ganglia + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2677 + basal ganglia + basal ganglia set + basal nuclei (basal ganglia) + set of basal ganglia + uberon + basal nuclei + cerebral nuclei + set of basal nuclei + subcortical nuclei + UBERON:0010011 + + + collection of basal ganglia + collection of basal ganglia + + + + + Subcortical masses of gray matter in the forebrain and midbrain that are richly interconnected and so viewed as a functional system. The nuclei usually included are the caudate nucleus (caudoputamen in rodents), putamen, globus pallidus, substantia nigra (pars compacta and pars reticulata) and the subthalamic nucleus. Some also include the nucleus accumbens and ventral pallidum. + BIRNLEX:826 + + + + + All nuclei of the mammalian basal ganglia are also present in the oldest vertebrates.[well established][VHOG] + 2012-09-17 + VHOG:0001696 + VHOG + DOI:10.1016/j.cub.2011.05.001 Stephenson-Jones M, Samuelsson E, Ericsson J, Robertson B, Grillner S, Evolutionary conservation of the basal ganglia as a common vertebrate mechanism for action selection. Current Biology (2011) + http://bgee.unil.ch/ + + + + + UMLS:C0004781 + ncithesaurus:Basal_Ganglia + + + + + basal ganglia + FMA:84013 + + + + + basal ganglia set + FMA:84013 + + + + + basal nuclei (basal ganglia) + PBA:BN + + + + + set of basal ganglia + FMA:84013 + + + + + cerebral nuclei + NeuroNames:2677 + + + + + set of basal nuclei + FMA:84013 + + + + + subcortical nuclei + NeuroNames:2677 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A small blood vessel in the abdomen that supplies blood directly to the pylorus (distal part of the stomach) and proximal part of the duodenum, and indirectly to the pancreatic head (via the anterior and posterior superior pancreaticoduodenal arteries). + EHDAA2:0000310 + EHDAA:8574 + FMA:14775 + SCTID:244269002 + Wikipedia:Gastroduodenal_artery + galen:GastroduodenalArtery + uberon + arteria gastroduodenalis + UBERON:0010132 + + gastroduodenal artery + gastroduodenal artery + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Gray532.png + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:28.519302 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.167827 + + + + + A small blood vessel in the abdomen that supplies blood directly to the pylorus (distal part of the stomach) and proximal part of the duodenum, and indirectly to the pancreatic head (via the anterior and posterior superior pancreaticoduodenal arteries). + Wikipedia:Gastroduodenal_artery + + + + + arteria gastroduodenalis + Wikipedia:Gastroduodenal_artery + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The straight venules of kidney are branches from the plexuses at the apices of the medullary pyramids, formed by the terminations of the arteriae rectae. They run outward in a straight course between the tubes of the medullary substance, and joining, as above stated, the interlobular veins, form venous arcades; these in turn unite and form veins which pass along the sides of the pyramids. Contains fenestrated capillaries. + FMA:72007 + SCTID:245983001 + Wikipedia:Straight_venules_of_kidney + set of straight venules of kidney + venulae rectae of kidney + venulae rectae renis + uberon + venae rectae + venulae rectae + venulae rectae renis + venulae recti + UBERON:0010181 + + straight venules of kidney + straight venules of kidney + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.166031 + + + + + The straight venules of kidney are branches from the plexuses at the apices of the medullary pyramids, formed by the terminations of the arteriae rectae. They run outward in a straight course between the tubes of the medullary substance, and joining, as above stated, the interlobular veins, form venous arcades; these in turn unite and form veins which pass along the sides of the pyramids. Contains fenestrated capillaries. + Wikipedia:Straight_venules_of_kidney + + + + + set of straight venules of kidney + FMA:72007 + + + + + venulae rectae of kidney + FMA:72007 + + + + + venulae rectae renis + FMA:TA + + + + + + venae rectae + Wikipedia:Straight_venules_of_kidney + + + + + venulae rectae + Wikipedia:Straight_venules_of_kidney + + + + + venulae rectae renis + Wikipedia:Straight_venules_of_kidney + + + + + + venulae recti + Wikipedia:Straight_venules_of_kidney + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The posterior meningeal artery are small vessels which are branches of the ascending pharyngeal artery which supply the dura mater. It passes through the mastoid foramen before entering the cranium via the jugular foramen. + FMA:49503 + NCIT:C33369 + UMLS:C0221310 + Wikipedia:Posterior_meningeal_artery + terminal branch of ascending pharyngeal artery + uberon + arteria meningea posterior + meningeal branches of the ascending pharyngeal artery + posterior meningeal arteries + UBERON:0010249 + + posterior meningeal artery + posterior meningeal artery + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/81/Gray193.png + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.168184 + + + + + The posterior meningeal artery are small vessels which are branches of the ascending pharyngeal artery which supply the dura mater. It passes through the mastoid foramen before entering the cranium via the jugular foramen. + Wikipedia:Posterior_meningeal_artery + + + + + UMLS:C0221310 + ncithesaurus:Posterior_Meningeal_Artery + + + + + terminal branch of ascending pharyngeal artery + FMA:49503 + + + + + arteria meningea posterior + Wikipedia:Posterior_meningeal_artery + + + + + + meningeal branches of the ascending pharyngeal artery + Wikipedia:Posterior_meningeal_artery + + + + + posterior meningeal arteries + Wikipedia:Posterior_meningeal_artery + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The middle meningeal artery is typically the third branch of the first part (retromandibular part) of the maxillary artery; one of the two terminal branches of the external carotid artery. After branching off the maxillary artery in the infratemporal fossa, it runs through the foramen spinosum to supply the dura mater and the calvaria. The middle meningeal artery is the largest of the three (paired) arteries which supply the meninges, the others being the anterior meningeal artery and the posterior meningeal artery. In approximately half of subjects it branches into an accessory meningeal artery. The middle meningeal artery runs beneath the pterion. It is vulnerable to injury at this point, where the skull is thin. Rupture of the artery may give rise to an epidural hematoma. + FMA:49711 + SCTID:278100005 + Wikipedia:Middle_meningeal_artery + uberon + arteria meningea media + UBERON:0010250 + + middle meningeal artery + middle meningeal artery + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1e/Middle_meningeal_artery.png + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:28.519622 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.167484 + + + + + The middle meningeal artery is typically the third branch of the first part (retromandibular part) of the maxillary artery; one of the two terminal branches of the external carotid artery. After branching off the maxillary artery in the infratemporal fossa, it runs through the foramen spinosum to supply the dura mater and the calvaria. The middle meningeal artery is the largest of the three (paired) arteries which supply the meninges, the others being the anterior meningeal artery and the posterior meningeal artery. In approximately half of subjects it branches into an accessory meningeal artery. The middle meningeal artery runs beneath the pterion. It is vulnerable to injury at this point, where the skull is thin. Rupture of the artery may give rise to an epidural hematoma. + Wikipedia:Middle_meningeal_artery + + + + + arteria meningea media + Wikipedia:Middle_meningeal_artery + + + + + arteria meningea media + Wikipedia:Middle_meningeal_artery + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A meningeal branch to the dura mater arising from the anterior ethmoidal artery. + this needs checking as part of a general revision of the blood vessels and their branches - unclear if the anterior meningeal artery should be treated separately from the anterior ethmoidal artery (ie as a branch) or the same thing + FMA:49993 + NCIT:C32099 + SCTID:369327009 + UMLS:C0226187 + Wikipedia:Anterior_ethmoidal_artery#Branches + anterior meningeal branch of anterior ethmoidal artery + ramus meningeus anterior (arteria ethmoidalis anterioris) + uberon + a. ethmoidalis anterior + anterior ethmoid arteries + anterior ethmoid artery + anterior meningeal arteries + anterior meningeal artery + arteria ethmoidalis anterior + UBERON:0010251 + + anterior meningeal artery + anterior meningeal artery + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ce/Gray514.png + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:28.519358 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.166212 + + + + + A meningeal branch to the dura mater arising from the anterior ethmoidal artery. + Wikipedia:Anterior_ethmoidal_artery#Branches + + + + + UMLS:C0226187 + ncithesaurus:Anterior_Meningeal_Artery + + + + + anterior meningeal branch of anterior ethmoidal artery + FMA:49993 + + + + + ramus meningeus anterior (arteria ethmoidalis anterioris) + FMA:49993 + FMA:TA + + + + + + a. ethmoidalis anterior + Wikipedia:Anterior_ethmoidal_artery + + + + + + anterior ethmoid arteries + Wikipedia:Anterior_ethmoidal_artery + + + + + anterior ethmoid artery + Wikipedia:Anterior_ethmoidal_artery + + + + + anterior meningeal arteries + Wikipedia:Anterior_ethmoidal_artery + + + + + anterior meningeal artery + Wikipedia:Anterior_ethmoidal_artery + + + + + arteria ethmoidalis anterior + Wikipedia:Anterior_ethmoidal_artery + + + + + + + + + The smallest anatomical unit of the lung, measuring 0.50 to 2.00 cm in diameter. Each lobule is composed of 4-8 terminal bronchioles and their distal alveolar ducts and sacs. The lobules are separated by fibrous interlobular septa. + FMA:75739 + NCIT:C33428 + lobulus pulmonis + uberon + UBERON:0010368 + + pulmonary lobule + pulmonarly lobule + + + + + The smallest anatomical unit of the lung, measuring 0.50 to 2.00 cm in diameter. Each lobule is composed of 4-8 terminal bronchioles and their distal alveolar ducts and sacs. The lobules are separated by fibrous interlobular septa. + ncithesaurus:Pulmonary_Lobule + + + + + lobulus pulmonis + FMA:75739 + FMA:TA + + + + + + + + + In the head of the pancreas, the angle of junction of the lower and left lateral borders forms a prolongation, termed the uncinate process. During the embryonic development of the distal foregut, the duodenum c-shape is formed while rotating the ventral pancreatic bud into the dorsal bud. The dorsal and ventral pancreatic buds fuse. The dorsal pancreatic bud becomes the body, tail, and isthmus of the pancreas and the ventral pancreatic bud forms the pancreatic head and uncinate process[WP]. + processus uncinatus + uncinate process + EMAPA:17509 + FMA:15857 + NCIT:C62432 + SCTID:245383008 + UMLS:C0227580 + Wikipedia:Uncinate_process_of_pancreas + Winslow's pancreas + lesser pancreas + processus uncinatus (pancreas) + processus uncinatus pancreatis + uberon + UBERON:0010373 + + uncinate process of pancreas + uncinate process of pancreas + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fe/Illu_pancreas_duodenum.jpg + + + + + In the head of the pancreas, the angle of junction of the lower and left lateral borders forms a prolongation, termed the uncinate process. During the embryonic development of the distal foregut, the duodenum c-shape is formed while rotating the ventral pancreatic bud into the dorsal bud. The dorsal and ventral pancreatic buds fuse. The dorsal pancreatic bud becomes the body, tail, and isthmus of the pancreas and the ventral pancreatic bud forms the pancreatic head and uncinate process[WP]. + Wikipedia:Uncinate_process_of_pancreas + + + + + processus uncinatus + + + + + + uncinate process + EMAPA:17509 + + + + + UMLS:C0227580 + ncithesaurus:Uncinate_Pancreas + + + + + Winslow's pancreas + FMA:15857 + + + + + lesser pancreas + FMA:15857 + + + + + processus uncinatus (pancreas) + FMA:15857 + + + + + processus uncinatus pancreatis + Wikipedia:Uncinate_process_of_pancreas + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An unstimulated network of follicular dendritic cells and small resting B cells in the lymph node cortex. + EMAPA:35530 + FMA:312350 + MA:0000743 + primary follicle of lymph node + uberon + UBERON:0010395 + + + lymph node primary follicle + lymph node primary follicle + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:10:35.184994 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:10:43.520114 + + + + + An unstimulated network of follicular dendritic cells and small resting B cells in the lymph node cortex. + MP:0002345 + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/6 + + + + + + + + Lymphatic vessel that enters the lymph node. The afferent lymph vessels enter at all parts of the periphery of the lymph node, and after branching and forming a dense plexus in the substance of the capsule, open into the lymph sinuses of the cortical part. In doing this they lose all their coats except their endothelial lining, which is continuous with a layer of similar cells lining the lymph paths. + MA:0000748 + Wikipedia:File:Illu_lymph_node_structure.png + vasa afferentia lymphoglandula + vasa afferentia lymphoglandulae + uberon + UBERON:0010396 + + + afferent lymphatic vessel + afferent lymphatic vessel + + + + + Lymphatic vessel that enters the lymph node. The afferent lymph vessels enter at all parts of the periphery of the lymph node, and after branching and forming a dense plexus in the substance of the capsule, open into the lymph sinuses of the cortical part. In doing this they lose all their coats except their endothelial lining, which is continuous with a layer of similar cells lining the lymph paths. + MP:MP + + + + + vasa afferentia lymphoglandula + Wikipedia:Afferent_lymphatic_vessels + + + + + vasa afferentia lymphoglandulae + Wikipedia:Afferent_lymphatic_vessels + + + + + + + + Lymphatic vessel that exits the lymph node. The efferent lymphatic vessel commences from the lymph sinuses of the medullary portion of the lymph nodes and leave the lymph nodes either to veins or greater nodes. Efferent lymphatic vessels are also found in the thymus and spleen. This is in contrast to afferent lymphatic vessels, which are found only in lymph nodes. + MA:0000749 + Wikipedia:Efferent_lymph_vessel + uberon + efferent lymphatic vessel + efferent lymphatic vessels + UBERON:0010397 + + + efferent lymphatic vessel + efferent lymphatic vessel + + + + + Lymphatic vessel that exits the lymph node. The efferent lymphatic vessel commences from the lymph sinuses of the medullary portion of the lymph nodes and leave the lymph nodes either to veins or greater nodes. Efferent lymphatic vessels are also found in the thymus and spleen. This is in contrast to afferent lymphatic vessels, which are found only in lymph nodes. + MP:MP + + + + + efferent lymphatic vessel + Wikipedia:Efferent_lymph_vessel + + + + + efferent lymphatic vessels + Wikipedia:Efferent_lymph_vessel + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + One of the branches of the splenic artery[MP]. + When the splenic artery passes into the trabecula of the spleen and branches, they become known as the trabecular arteries. When these arteries then reach the white pulp, and become covered with Periarteriolar lymphoid sheaths, the name changes again to central arteries (or central arterioles). Branches of the central arteries are given to the red pulp, and these are called penicillar arteries).[Wikipedia] + MA:0000759 + NCIT:C49775 + UMLS:C1710159 + Wikipedia:Trabecular_arteries + uberon + trabecular artery + UBERON:0010399 + + + spleen trabecular artery + Spleen Trabecular Artery + spleen trabecular artery + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:28.519568 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:16:56.115543 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.166449 + + + + + One of the branches of the splenic artery[MP]. + MP:0002354 + Wikipedia:Trabecular_arteries + + + + + When the splenic artery passes into the trabecula of the spleen and branches, they become known as the trabecular arteries. When these arteries then reach the white pulp, and become covered with Periarteriolar lymphoid sheaths, the name changes again to central arteries (or central arterioles). Branches of the central arteries are given to the red pulp, and these are called penicillar arteries).[Wikipedia] + Wikipedia + Wikipedia:Trabecular_arteries + + + + + UMLS:C1710159 + ncithesaurus:Splenic_Trabecular_Artery + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + One of the veins that feed the splenic vein. + The trabecular veins are the largest veins inside the spleen. It drains the blood collected in the sinuses of the pulp.[Wikipedia] + MA:0000760 + NCIT:C49779 + UMLS:C1710160 + Wikipedia:Trabecular_veins + uberon + trabecular vein + UBERON:0010400 + + + spleen trabecular vein + Spleen Trabecular Vein + spleen trabecular vein + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:16:56.115506 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.166319 + + + + + One of the veins that feed the splenic vein. + MP:0002228 + Wikipedia:Trabecular_veins + + + + + The trabecular veins are the largest veins inside the spleen. It drains the blood collected in the sinuses of the pulp.[Wikipedia] + Wikipedia + Wikipedia:Trabecular_veins + + + + + UMLS:C1710160 + ncithesaurus:Splenic_Trabecular_Vein + + + + + trabecular vein + Wikipedia:Trabecular_veins + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A blood vessel surrounded by the periarteriolar lymphoid sheath that connects the trabecular artery to the trabecular vein. + central arteriole + splenic arteriole + MA:0000763 + follicular arteriole + splenic central arteriole + uberon + UBERON:0010401 + + + spleen central arteriole + Spleen central arteriole + spleen central arteriole + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:16:56.115497 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:28.519535 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:16:56.115549 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.166957 + + + + + A blood vessel surrounded by the periarteriolar lymphoid sheath that connects the trabecular artery to the trabecular vein. + MP:MP + + + + + follicular arteriole + MP:0002361 + + + + + splenic central arteriole + MP:0002361 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The angular artery is the terminal part of the facial artery; it ascends to the medial angle of the eye's orbit, imbedded in the fibers of the angular head of the Quadratus labii superioris, and accompanied by the angular vein. + EMAPA:37673 + FMA:49583 + MA:0002010 + NCIT:C32076 + SCTID:145238006 + UMLS:C0226116 + angular artery + uberon + UBERON:0010408 + + ocular angle artery + ocular angle artery + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:28.519514 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.167993 + + + + + The angular artery is the terminal part of the facial artery; it ascends to the medial angle of the eye's orbit, imbedded in the fibers of the angular head of the Quadratus labii superioris, and accompanied by the angular vein. + MP:MP + + + + + EMAPA:37673 + MA:th + + + + + UMLS:C0226116 + ncithesaurus:Angular_Artery + + + + + angular artery + FMA:49583 + + + + + + + + A part of the secondary follicle in which naive B cells reside along with some helper T cells, macrophages and follicular dendritic cells; these are displaced by the expanding germinal centre and form a 'mantle' around it. + germinal center mantle zone + mantle zone of germinal center + EMAPA:37661 + MA:0002990 + lymph node B cell corona + lymph node follicular corona + lymph node follicular mantle + lymph node inactive zone + lymph node peripheral zone + mantle zone of lymph node germinal center + uberon + lymph node dark zone + UBERON:0010420 + + + lymph node germinal center mantle zone + lymph node germinal center mantle zone + + + + + A part of the secondary follicle in which naive B cells reside along with some helper T cells, macrophages and follicular dendritic cells; these are displaced by the expanding germinal centre and form a 'mantle' around it. + MP:MP + PMID:25656706 + http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4183-8865/ + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/7 + https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9990-8331 + + + + + EMAPA:37661 + MA:th + + + + + lymph node B cell corona + CL:tm + + + + + lymph node follicular mantle + MA:0002990 + + + + + lymph node inactive zone + CL:tm + + + + + lymph node peripheral zone + CL:tm + + + + + lymph node dark zone + CL:tm + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The area of the (spleen) secondary B follicle that surrounds the germinal center and harbors the small recirculating B lymphocytes. + B cell domain of the spleen + B lymphocyte domain of the spleen + lymphocytic corona + splenic corona + EMAPA:37962 + follicle mantle + spleen B cell corona + spleen B-cell corona + spleen lymphocytic corona + splenic B cell corona + uberon + spleen mantle zone + UBERON:0010421 + + + spleen B cell corona + spleen B cell corona + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:16:56.115509 + + + + + The area of the (spleen) secondary B follicle that surrounds the germinal center and harbors the small recirculating B lymphocytes. + CL:tm + PMID:17495967 + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/6 + + + + + B cell domain of the spleen + MP:0002360 + + + + + lymphocytic corona + CL:tm + MP:0002360 + + + + + splenic corona + CL:tm + + + + + EMAPA:37962 + MA:th + + + + + follicle mantle + MP:0002360 + + + + + spleen B cell corona + MP:0002360 + + + + + spleen B-cell corona + MP:0002360 + + + + + spleen lymphocytic corona + CL:tm + MP:0002360 + + + + + splenic B cell corona + MP:0002360 + + + + + spleen mantle zone + CL:tm + MP:0002360 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A secondary follicle that is located in a lymph node. + EMAPA:35531 + FMA:312352 + MA:0000744 + uberon + UBERON:0010753 + + + lymph node secondary follicle + lymph node secondary follicle + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:10:35.184924 + + + + + A secondary follicle that is located in a lymph node. + CL:tm + + + + + + + + A thin layer of cartilage, usually hyaline, on the articular surface of bones in synovial joints. + AEO:0000179 + BTO:0001572 + CALOHA:TS-0055 + EFO:0001902 + EMAPA:35149 + FMA:12264 + GAID:101 + MA:0000487 + MESH:A02.165.165 + NCIT:C32144 + SCTID:305026006 + UMLS:C0007303 + galen:ArticularCartilage + articular cartilage + cartilago articularis + uberon + hyaline cartilage + joint-associated cartilage + UBERON:0010996 + + + + + + articular cartilage of joint + Superior Articular Cartilage + + + + + A thin layer of cartilage, usually hyaline, on the articular surface of bones in synovial joints. + BTO:0001572 + + + + + UMLS:C0007303 + ncithesaurus:Articular_Cartilage + + + + + articular cartilage + MA:0000487 + + + + + cartilago articularis + FMA:12264 + + + + + hyaline cartilage + BTO:0001572 + + + + + joint-associated cartilage + AEO:0000179 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A ligament that is part of a knee joint. + FMA:44580 + SCTID:182440009 + knee joint ligament + uberon + UBERON:0011088 + + ligament of knee joint + ligament of knee joint + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:05:57.371465 + + + + + A ligament that is part of a knee joint. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + knee joint ligament + FMA:44580 + + + + + + + + An epithelium that is part of a crypt of Lieberkuhn. + FMA has classes for subdivisions of this epithelium + crypt epithelium + NCIT:C83191 + UMLS:C2826787 + intestinal crypt epithelium + uberon + UBERON:0011184 + + epithelium of crypt of Lieberkuhn + epithelium of crypt of Lieberkuhn + + + + + An epithelium that is part of a crypt of Lieberkuhn. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + FMA has classes for subdivisions of this epithelium + FMA + + + + + UMLS:C2826787 + ncithesaurus:Crypt_Epithelium + + + + + + + + A lamina propria that is part of a large intestine. + FMA:15654 + NCIT:C49298 + UMLS:C1708644 + lamina propria of mucosa of large intestine + large intestinal lamina propria + large intestine lamina propria + uberon + UBERON:0011189 + + lamina propria of large intestine + lamina propria of large intestine + + + + + A lamina propria that is part of a large intestine. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + UMLS:C1708644 + ncithesaurus:Large_Intestinal_Lamina_Propria + + + + + lamina propria of mucosa of large intestine + FMA:15654 + + + + + large intestine lamina propria + FMA:15654 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The superior ophthalmic vein begins at the inner angle of the orbit in a vein named the nasofrontal which communicates anteriorly with the angular vein; it pursues the same course as the ophthalmic artery, and receives tributaries corresponding to the branches of that vessel. Forming a short single trunk, it passes between the two heads of the Rectus lateralis and through the medial part of the superior orbital fissure, and ends in the cavernous sinus. The ethmoidal veins drain into the superior ophthalmic vein. Vorticose veins also drain into the superior ophthalmic vein. + FMA:51246 + SCTID:149481004 + Wikipedia:Superior_ophthalmic_vein + uberon + anterior ethmoidal vein + posterior ethmoidal vein + superior ophthalmic + superior opthalmic vein + UBERON:0011192 + + superior ophthalmic vein + superior ophthalmic vein + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/02/Gray572.png + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.166200 + + + + + The superior ophthalmic vein begins at the inner angle of the orbit in a vein named the nasofrontal which communicates anteriorly with the angular vein; it pursues the same course as the ophthalmic artery, and receives tributaries corresponding to the branches of that vessel. Forming a short single trunk, it passes between the two heads of the Rectus lateralis and through the medial part of the superior orbital fissure, and ends in the cavernous sinus. The ethmoidal veins drain into the superior ophthalmic vein. Vorticose veins also drain into the superior ophthalmic vein. + Wikipedia:Superior_ophthalmic_vein + + + + + anterior ethmoidal vein + Wikipedia:Superior_ophthalmic_vein + + + + + posterior ethmoidal vein + Wikipedia:Superior_ophthalmic_vein + + + + + superior ophthalmic + Wikipedia:Superior_ophthalmic_vein + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The inferior ophthalmic vein begins in a venous net-work at the forepart of the floor and medial wall of the orbit; it receives some vorticose veins and other veins from the Rectus inferior, Obliquus inferior, lacrimal sac and eyelids, runs backward in the lower part of the orbit and divides into two branches. One of these passes through the inferior orbital fissure and joins the pterygoid venous plexus, while the other enters the cranium through the superior orbital fissure and ends in the cavernous sinus, either by a separate opening, or more frequently in common with the superior ophthalmic vein. + FMA:51247 + SCTID:149986001 + Wikipedia:Inferior_ophthalmic_vein + uberon + inferior ophthalmic + inferior opthalmic vein + UBERON:0011193 + + inferior ophthalmic vein + inferior ophthalmic vein + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/02/Gray572.png + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.166353 + + + + + The inferior ophthalmic vein begins in a venous net-work at the forepart of the floor and medial wall of the orbit; it receives some vorticose veins and other veins from the Rectus inferior, Obliquus inferior, lacrimal sac and eyelids, runs backward in the lower part of the orbit and divides into two branches. One of these passes through the inferior orbital fissure and joins the pterygoid venous plexus, while the other enters the cranium through the superior orbital fissure and ends in the cavernous sinus, either by a separate opening, or more frequently in common with the superior ophthalmic vein. + Wikipedia:Inferior_ophthalmic_vein + + + + + inferior ophthalmic + Wikipedia:Inferior_ophthalmic_vein + + + + + + + + The pudendal nerve is a somatic nerve in the pelvic region that innervates the external genitalia of both sexes, as well as sphincters for the bladder and the rectum. It originates in Onuf's nucleus in the sacral region of the spinal cord. + FMA:19037 + SCTID:181057000 + Wikipedia:Pudendal_nerve + uberon + internal pudendal nerve + pudenal nerve + pudendal + UBERON:0011390 + + pudendal nerve + pudendal nerve + + + + + The pudendal nerve is a somatic nerve in the pelvic region that innervates the external genitalia of both sexes, as well as sphincters for the bladder and the rectum. It originates in Onuf's nucleus in the sacral region of the spinal cord. + Wikipedia:Pudendal_nerve + + + + + internal pudendal nerve + Wikipedia:Pudendal_nerve + + + + + pudenal nerve + Wikipedia:Pudendal_nerve + + + + + pudendal + Wikipedia:Pudendal_nerve + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An anatomical junction that divides and overlaps with and atrium and a ventricle in the heart. + EHDAA2:0004149 + FMA:85125 + uberon + AV region + AV segment + atrial ventricular junction + atrioventricular junction + atrioventricular segment + UBERON:0011820 + + atrioventricular region + atrioventricular region + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:03:49.272973 + + + + + An anatomical junction that divides and overlaps with and atrium and a ventricle in the heart. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + AV region + PMID:21234997 + + + + + AV segment + PMID:21234997 + + + + + atrial ventricular junction + GO:0003294 + + + + + atrioventricular junction + FMA:85125 + GO:0003294 + + + + + atrioventricular segment + PMID:21234997 + + + + + + + + A luminal layer of epithelium that is part of a endometrium epithelium. + EMAPA:35309 + MA:0002733 + uberon + UBERON:0011949 + + endometrium luminal epithelium + endometrium luminal epithelium + + + + + A luminal layer of epithelium that is part of a endometrium epithelium. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A hepatic vein that is part of a left lobe of liver. + EMAPA:37164 + FMA:14339 + MA:0003032 + SCTID:55188000 + uberon + UBERON:0011955 + + left hepatic vein + left hepatic vein + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.168157 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:48.278344 + + + + + A hepatic vein that is part of a left lobe of liver. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + EMAPA:37164 + MA:th + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A hepatic vein that is part of a right lobe of liver. + EMAPA:37377 + FMA:14338 + MA:0003034 + SCTID:18135006 + uberon + UBERON:0011956 + + right hepatic vein + right hepatic vein + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.165837 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:48.278247 + + + + + A hepatic vein that is part of a right lobe of liver. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + EMAPA:37377 + MA:th + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + EMAPA:37175 + FMA:14340 + MA:0003033 + SCTID:54895000 + uberon + UBERON:0011957 + + middle hepatic vein + middle hepatic vein + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.168305 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:48.278399 + + + + + EMAPA:37175 + MA:th + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The middle suprarenal arteries (middle capsular arteries; suprarenal arteries) are two small vessels which arise, one from either side of the abdominal aorta, opposite the superior mesenteric artery. They pass laterally and slightly upward, over the crura of the diaphragm, to the suprarenal glands, where they anastomose with suprarenal branches of the inferior phrenic and renal arteries. In the fetus these arteries are of large size. + FMA:14754 + SCTID:303425000 + Wikipedia:Middle_suprarenal_arteries + middle suprarenal arterial tree + uberon + arteria suprarenalis media + middle capsular artery + middle suprarenal + middle suprarenal artery + UBERON:0012173 + + middle suprarenal artery + middle suprarenal artery + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:28.519790 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.166798 + + + + + The middle suprarenal arteries (middle capsular arteries; suprarenal arteries) are two small vessels which arise, one from either side of the abdominal aorta, opposite the superior mesenteric artery. They pass laterally and slightly upward, over the crura of the diaphragm, to the suprarenal glands, where they anastomose with suprarenal branches of the inferior phrenic and renal arteries. In the fetus these arteries are of large size. + Wikipedia:Middle_suprarenal_arteries + + + + + middle suprarenal arterial tree + FMA:14754 + + + + + arteria suprarenalis media + Wikipedia:Middle_suprarenal_arteries + + + + + + middle capsular artery + Wikipedia:Middle_suprarenal_arteries + + + + + middle suprarenal + Wikipedia:Middle_suprarenal_arteries + + + + + middle suprarenal artery + Wikipedia:Middle_suprarenal_arteries + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The supratrochlear artery (or frontal artery), one of the terminal branches of the ophthalmic artery, branches off where the ophthalmic travels posterior to the trochlea. + EMAPA:37590 + FMA:50025 + MA:0001960 + NCIT:C52856 + SCTID:369332005 + UMLS:C1708100 + Wikipedia:Supratrochlear_artery + supratrochlear artery + supratrochlear branch of ophthalmic artery + uberon + a supratrochlearis + frontal arteries + frontal artery + UBERON:0012187 + + frontal artery + frontal artery + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:28.519589 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.168284 + + + + + The supratrochlear artery (or frontal artery), one of the terminal branches of the ophthalmic artery, branches off where the ophthalmic travels posterior to the trochlea. + Wikipedia:Supratrochlear_artery + + + + + EMAPA:37590 + MA:th + + + + + UMLS:C1708100 + ncithesaurus:Frontal_Artery + + + + + supratrochlear artery + FMA:50025 + + + + + supratrochlear branch of ophthalmic artery + FMA:50025 + + + + + a supratrochlearis + Wikipedia:Supratrochlear_artery + + + + + frontal arteries + Wikipedia:Supratrochlear_artery + + + + + frontal artery + Wikipedia:Supratrochlear_artery + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The superior intercostal veins are two veins that drain the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th intercostal spaces, one vein for each side of the body. + EMAPA:37193 + MA:0002226 + NCIT:C33680 + UMLS:C1515066 + Wikipedia:Superior_intercostal_vein + uberon + UBERON:0012194 + + superior intercostal vein + superior intercostal vein + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.166182 + + + + + The superior intercostal veins are two veins that drain the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th intercostal spaces, one vein for each side of the body. + Wikipedia:Superior_intercostal_vein + + + + + EMAPA:37193 + MA:th + + + + + UMLS:C1515066 + ncithesaurus:Superior_Intercostal_Vein + + + + + + + + + + + + + + FMA:4797 + SCTID:27297006 + uberon + UBERON:0012195 + + left superior intercostal vein + left superior intercostal vein + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.168126 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + FMA:4877 + SCTID:80721005 + uberon + UBERON:0012196 + + right superior intercostal vein + right superior intercostal vein + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.166913 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The posterior intercostal veins are veins that drain the intercostal spaces posteriorly. They run with their corresponding posterior intercostal artery on the underside of the rib, the vein superior to the artery. Each vein also gives off a dorsal branch that drains blood from the muscles of the back. There are eleven posterior intercostal veins on each side. Their patterns are variable, but they are commonly arranged as: The 1st posterior intercostal vein, supreme intercostal vein, drains into the brachiocephalic vein or the vertebral vein. The 2nd and 3rd (and often 4th) posterior intercostal veins drain into the superior intercostal vein. The remaining posterior intercostal veins drain into the azygos vein on the right, or the hemiazygos vein on the left. + FMA:4858 + SCTID:89209000 + Wikipedia:Posterior_intercostal_veins + venae intercostalis posterior + uberon + UBERON:0012199 + + posterior intercostal vein + posterior intercostal vein + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.165635 + + + + + The posterior intercostal veins are veins that drain the intercostal spaces posteriorly. They run with their corresponding posterior intercostal artery on the underside of the rib, the vein superior to the artery. Each vein also gives off a dorsal branch that drains blood from the muscles of the back. There are eleven posterior intercostal veins on each side. Their patterns are variable, but they are commonly arranged as: The 1st posterior intercostal vein, supreme intercostal vein, drains into the brachiocephalic vein or the vertebral vein. The 2nd and 3rd (and often 4th) posterior intercostal veins drain into the superior intercostal vein. The remaining posterior intercostal veins drain into the azygos vein on the right, or the hemiazygos vein on the left. + Wikipedia:Posterior_intercostal_veins + + + + + venae intercostalis posterior + FMA:4858 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The anterior intercostal veins are the veins which drain the anterior intercostal space. + FMA:12831 + SCTID:15546000 + Wikipedia:Anterior_intercostal_veins + uberon + UBERON:0012200 + + anterior intercostal vein + anterior intercostal vein + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.165971 + + + + + The anterior intercostal veins are the veins which drain the anterior intercostal space. + Wikipedia:Anterior_intercostal_veins + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The superior phrenic vein, i.e. , the vein accompanying the pericardiacophrenic artery, usually opens into the internal mammary vein. + FMA:78121 + SCTID:198356008 + Wikipedia:Superior_phrenic_vein + uberon + UBERON:0012237 + + superior phrenic vein + superior phrenic vein + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.166733 + + + + + The superior phrenic vein, i.e. , the vein accompanying the pericardiacophrenic artery, usually opens into the internal mammary vein. + Wikipedia:Superior_phrenic_vein + + + + + + + + Network of tubes that carries blood through the distensible musculomembranous organ that serves to collect and store urine excreted by the kidneys[MP]. + EMAPA:28679 + bladder vasculature + blood vessels of bladder + set of urinary bladder blood vessels + uberon + blood vessel of bladder + UBERON:0012239 + + + urinary bladder vasculature + urinary bladder vasculature + + + + + Network of tubes that carries blood through the distensible musculomembranous organ that serves to collect and store urine excreted by the kidneys[MP]. + MP:MP + + + + + blood vessels of bladder + EMAPA:28679 + + + + + blood vessel of bladder + EMAPA:28679 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Mucus-secreting glands in the mucosa of the uterine cervix. + + NCIT:C32296 + SCTID:280836000 + UMLS:C2724437 + glandulae cervicales + uberon + UBERON:0012247 + + cervical gland + cervical gland + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:19:59.368982 + + + + + Mucus-secreting glands in the mucosa of the uterine cervix. + http://www.thefreedictionary.com/cervical+glands + + + + + UMLS:C2724437 + ncithesaurus:Cervical_Gland + + + + + glandulae cervicales + FMA:TA + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The part of the cervix uteri that protrudes into the vagina and is lined with stratified squamous epithelium. + distinction between two FMA classes not clear - we merge them here + UBERON:0010182 + BTO:0001850 + CALOHA:TS-1098 + FMA:77056 + FMA:86484 + NCIT:C12310 + SCTID:264459002 + UMLS:C0227829 + Wikipedia:Vaginal_portion_of_cervix + ectocervix + portio vaginalis + portio vaginalis cervicis + uterine ectocervix + vaginal part of cervix + uberon + exocervix + UBERON:0012249 + + ectocervix + ectocervix + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:19:59.368969 + + + + + The part of the cervix uteri that protrudes into the vagina and is lined with stratified squamous epithelium. + BTO:0001850 + Wikipedia:Vaginal_portion_of_cervix + + + + + distinction between two FMA classes not clear - we merge them here + FMA + + + + + UMLS:C0227829 + ncithesaurus:Ectocervix + + + + + ectocervix + BTO:0001850 + + + + + ectocervix + FMA:86484 + + + + + portio vaginalis + Wikipedia:Vaginal_portion_of_cervix + + + + + portio vaginalis cervicis + BTO:0001850 + + + + + + uterine ectocervix + CALOHA:TS-1098 + + + + + vaginal part of cervix + FMA:77056 + + + + + exocervix + BTO:0001850 + + + + + + + + + A glandular epithelium that is part of a uterine cervix. + The 'glandular' or columnar epithelium of the cervix is located cephalad to the squamocolumnar junction. It covers a variable amount of the ectocervix and lines the endocervical canal. It is comprised of a single layer of mucin-secreting cells. The epithelium is thrown into longitudinal folds and invaginations that make up the so-called endocervical glands (they are not true glands). These infolding crypts and channels make the cytologic and colposcopic detection of neoplasia less reliable and more problematic. The complex architecture of the endocervical glands gives the columnar epithelium a papillary appearance through the colposcope and a grainy appearance upon gross visual inspection. The single cell layer allows the coloration of the underlying vasculature to be seen more easily. Therefore, the columnar epithelium appears more red in comparison with the more opaque squamous epithelium. + NCIT:C54414 + UMLS:C1707350 + uberon + cervix columnar epithelium + UBERON:0012250 + + cervix glandular epithelium + cervix glandular epithelium + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:19:56.274476 + + + + + A glandular epithelium that is part of a uterine cervix. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + The 'glandular' or columnar epithelium of the cervix is located cephalad to the squamocolumnar junction. It covers a variable amount of the ectocervix and lines the endocervical canal. It is comprised of a single layer of mucin-secreting cells. The epithelium is thrown into longitudinal folds and invaginations that make up the so-called endocervical glands (they are not true glands). These infolding crypts and channels make the cytologic and colposcopic detection of neoplasia less reliable and more problematic. The complex architecture of the endocervical glands gives the columnar epithelium a papillary appearance through the colposcope and a grainy appearance upon gross visual inspection. The single cell layer allows the coloration of the underlying vasculature to be seen more easily. Therefore, the columnar epithelium appears more red in comparison with the more opaque squamous epithelium. + http://www.asccp.org/practicemanagement/cervix/histologyofthenormalcervix/tabid/5842/default.aspx + + + + + UMLS:C1707350 + ncithesaurus:Cervix_Columnar_Epithelium + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The glandular epithelium that lines the endocervix. + NCIT:C96180 + SCTID:362256006 + endocervical glandular epithelium + uberon + UBERON:0012252 + + endocervical epithelium + endocervical epithelium + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:19:59.368896 + + + + + The glandular epithelium that lines the endocervix. + ncithesaurus:Endocervical_Glandular_Epithelium + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The inferior phrenic arteries are two small vessels, which supply the diaphragm but present much variety in their origin. They may arise separately from the front of the aorta, immediately above the celiac artery, or by a common trunk, which may spring either from the aorta or from the celiac artery. Sometimes one is derived from the aorta, and the other from one of the renal arteries; they rarely arise as separate vessels from the aorta. They diverge from one another across the crura of the diaphragm, and then run obliquely upward and lateralward upon its under surface. The left phrenic passes behind the esophagus, and runs forward on the left side of the esophageal hiatus. The right phrenic passes behind the inferior vena cava, and along the right side of the foramen which transmits that vein. Near the back part of the central tendon each vessel divides into a medial and a lateral branch. The medial branch curves forward, and anastomoses with its fellow of the opposite side, and with the musculophrenic and pericardiacophrenic arteries. The lateral branch passes toward the side of the thorax, and anastomoses with the lower intercostal arteries, and with the musculophrenic. The lateral branch of the right phrenic gives off a few vessels to the inferior vena cava; and the left one, some branches to the esophagus. Each vessel gives off superior suprarenal branches to the suprarenal gland of its own side. The spleen and the liver also receive a few twigs from the left and right vessels respectively. + FMA:14734 + SCTID:244283000 + Wikipedia:Inferior_phrenic_arteries + arteriae phrenicae inferiores + uberon + inferior phrenic artery + UBERON:0012255 + + inferior phrenic artery + inferior phrenic artery + http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/af/Gray531.png + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:28.519564 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.168278 + + + + + The inferior phrenic arteries are two small vessels, which supply the diaphragm but present much variety in their origin. They may arise separately from the front of the aorta, immediately above the celiac artery, or by a common trunk, which may spring either from the aorta or from the celiac artery. Sometimes one is derived from the aorta, and the other from one of the renal arteries; they rarely arise as separate vessels from the aorta. They diverge from one another across the crura of the diaphragm, and then run obliquely upward and lateralward upon its under surface. The left phrenic passes behind the esophagus, and runs forward on the left side of the esophageal hiatus. The right phrenic passes behind the inferior vena cava, and along the right side of the foramen which transmits that vein. Near the back part of the central tendon each vessel divides into a medial and a lateral branch. The medial branch curves forward, and anastomoses with its fellow of the opposite side, and with the musculophrenic and pericardiacophrenic arteries. The lateral branch passes toward the side of the thorax, and anastomoses with the lower intercostal arteries, and with the musculophrenic. The lateral branch of the right phrenic gives off a few vessels to the inferior vena cava; and the left one, some branches to the esophagus. Each vessel gives off superior suprarenal branches to the suprarenal gland of its own side. The spleen and the liver also receive a few twigs from the left and right vessels respectively. + Wikipedia:Inferior_phrenic_arteries + + + + + arteriae phrenicae inferiores + Wikipedia:Inferior_phrenic_artery + + + + + + inferior phrenic artery + Wikipedia:Inferior_phrenic_arteries + + + + + + + + The common bile duct and the pancreatic duct together perforate the medial side of the second portion of the duodenum obliquely, some 7 to 10 cm below the pylorus, forming a structure called the major duodenal papilla. The accessory pancreatic duct sometimes pierces it about 2 cm above and slightly in front of these. + FMA:15074 + SCTID:181272007 + Wikipedia:Major_duodenal_papilla + greater duodenal papilla + tubercle of Vater + uberon + major papilla + papilla duodeni major + UBERON:0012271 + + major duodenal papilla + major duodenal papilla + + + + + The common bile duct and the pancreatic duct together perforate the medial side of the second portion of the duodenum obliquely, some 7 to 10 cm below the pylorus, forming a structure called the major duodenal papilla. The accessory pancreatic duct sometimes pierces it about 2 cm above and slightly in front of these. + Wikipedia:Major_duodenal_papilla + + + + + greater duodenal papilla + FMA:15074 + + + + + tubercle of Vater + FMA:15074 + + + + + major papilla + Wikipedia:Major_duodenal_papilla + + + + + papilla duodeni major + Wikipedia:Major_duodenal_papilla + + + + + + + + + EMAPA:35308 + FMA:86488 + MA:0002732 + glandular part of endometrium + uterine glands + uterine glands set + uberon + UBERON:0012276 + + endometrium glandular epithelium + endometrium glandular epithelium + + + + + glandular part of endometrium + FMA:86488 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The slit-like opening of either ureter into the bladder; normally, the two ureteral orifices are placed at the posterolateral angles of the urinary bladder trigone while the internal urethral orifice is placed at its anteroinferior angle (apex); wide gaping usually indicates vesicoureteral reflux. + TODO - add relationship to junction + FMA:77047 + NCIT:C12337 + SCTID:181415004 + Wikipedia:Orifice_of_ureter + Mercier's bar + orifice of ureter + orificium ureteris + ostium ureteris + ureteral meatus + ureteral opening + ureteric orifice + ureteric ostium + ureterovesical orifice + uberon + UBERON:0012303 + + + ureteral orifice + ureteral orifice + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:19:15.945017 + + + + + The slit-like opening of either ureter into the bladder; normally, the two ureteral orifices are placed at the posterolateral angles of the urinary bladder trigone while the internal urethral orifice is placed at its anteroinferior angle (apex); wide gaping usually indicates vesicoureteral reflux. + MP:0011783 + Wikipedia:Orifice_of_ureter + + + + + Mercier's bar + FMA:77047 + + + + + orifice of ureter + FMA:77047 + + + + + orificium ureteris + MP:0011783 + + + + + + ostium ureteris + FMA:TA + + + + + ostium ureteris + MP:0011783 + + + + + + ureteral meatus + MP:0011783 + + + + + ureteral opening + MP:0011783 + + + + + ureteric orifice + FMA:77047 + + + + + ureteric orifice + MP:0011783 + + + + + ureteric ostium + FMA:77047 + + + + + ureterovesical orifice + FMA:77047 + + + + + ureterovesical orifice + MP:0011783 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The anterior ethmoidal artery, also anterior ethmoid artery is an artery of the head. Once branching from the ophthalmic artery, it accompanies the nasociliary nerve through the anterior ethmoidal canal to supply the anterior and middle ethmoidal cells, frontal sinus, and anterosuperior aspect of the lateral nasal wall[WP]. + FMA:49986 + SCTID:312160004 + Wikipedia:Anterior_ethmoidal_artery + a. ethmoidalis anterior + arteria ethmoidalis anterior + uberon + anterior ethmoid artery + anterior meningeal arteries + anterior meningeal artery + UBERON:0012318 + + anterior ethmoidal artery + anterior ethmoidal artery + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:28.519408 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.166898 + + + + + The anterior ethmoidal artery, also anterior ethmoid artery is an artery of the head. Once branching from the ophthalmic artery, it accompanies the nasociliary nerve through the anterior ethmoidal canal to supply the anterior and middle ethmoidal cells, frontal sinus, and anterosuperior aspect of the lateral nasal wall[WP]. + Wikipedia:Anterior_ethmoidal_artery + + + + + a. ethmoidalis anterior + Wikipedia:Anterior_ethmoidal_artery + + + + + + arteria ethmoidalis anterior + Wikipedia:Anterior_ethmoidal_artery + + + + + + anterior ethmoid artery + Wikipedia:Anterior_ethmoidal_artery + + + + + anterior meningeal arteries + Wikipedia:Anterior_ethmoidal_artery + + + + + anterior meningeal artery + Wikipedia:Anterior_ethmoidal_artery + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The posterior ethmoidal artery is an artery of the head. It is smaller than the anterior ethmoidal artery, branches off from the ophthalmic artery when it reaches the medial wall of the orbit. + FMA:49989 + SCTID:312161000 + Wikipedia:Posterior_ethmoidal_artery + a. ethmoidalis posterior + arteria ethmoidalis posterior + uberon + posterior ethmoidal vessel + UBERON:0012319 + + posterior ethmoidal artery + posterior ethmoidal artery + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:28.519509 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.168021 + + + + + The posterior ethmoidal artery is an artery of the head. It is smaller than the anterior ethmoidal artery, branches off from the ophthalmic artery when it reaches the medial wall of the orbit. + Wikipedia:Posterior_ethmoidal_artery + + + + + a. ethmoidalis posterior + Wikipedia:Posterior_ethmoidal_artery + + + + + + arteria ethmoidalis posterior + Wikipedia:Posterior_ethmoidal_artery + + + + + + posterior ethmoidal vessel + Wikipedia:Posterior_ethmoidal_artery + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The deep cervical artery (Profunda cervicalis) is an artery of the neck. + FMA:10659 + SCTID:244223002 + Wikipedia:Deep_cervical_artery + uberon + profunda cervicalis + UBERON:0012321 + + deep cervical artery + deep cervical artery + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:28.519786 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.166470 + + + + + The deep cervical artery (Profunda cervicalis) is an artery of the neck. + Wikipedia:Deep_cervical_artery + + + + + profunda cervicalis + Wikipedia:Deep_cervical_artery + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The ascending cervical artery is a small branch which arises from the inferior thyroid artery as that vessel is passing behind the carotid sheath; it runs up on the anterior tubercles of the transverse processes of the cervical vertebrC& in the interval between the Scalenus anterior and Longus capitis. To the muscles of the neck it gives twigs which anastomose with branches of the vertebral, and it sends one or two spinal branches into the vertebral canal through the intervertebral foramina to be distributed to the medulla spinalis and its membranes, and to the bodies of the vertebrC&, in the same manner as the spinal branches from the vertebral. It anastomoses with the ascending pharyngeal and occipital arteries. + FMA:52489 + SCTID:161846001 + Wikipedia:Ascending_cervical_artery + uberon + ascending cervical + UBERON:0012322 + + ascending cervical artery + ascending cervical artery + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:28.519371 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.167781 + + + + + The ascending cervical artery is a small branch which arises from the inferior thyroid artery as that vessel is passing behind the carotid sheath; it runs up on the anterior tubercles of the transverse processes of the cervical vertebrC& in the interval between the Scalenus anterior and Longus capitis. To the muscles of the neck it gives twigs which anastomose with branches of the vertebral, and it sends one or two spinal branches into the vertebral canal through the intervertebral foramina to be distributed to the medulla spinalis and its membranes, and to the bodies of the vertebrC&, in the same manner as the spinal branches from the vertebral. It anastomoses with the ascending pharyngeal and occipital arteries. + Wikipedia:Ascending_cervical_artery + + + + + ascending cervical + Wikipedia:Ascending_cervical_artery + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The transverse cervical artery (transverse artery of neck, transversa colli artery) is a branch of the thyrocervical trunk, running at a higher level than the suprascapular artery. + Unclear if MA class belongs here or in parent + FMA:10664 + MA:0001936 + SCTID:244224008 + Wikipedia:Transverse_cervical_artery + uberon + cervical artery + cervical transverse artery + descending branch of the transverse cervical + transversalis artery colli + transversalis colli artery + transverse cervical + transverse cervical vessels + UBERON:0012324 + + transverse cervical artery + transverse cervical artery + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.168067 + + + + + The transverse cervical artery (transverse artery of neck, transversa colli artery) is a branch of the thyrocervical trunk, running at a higher level than the suprascapular artery. + Wikipedia:Transverse_cervical_artery + + + + + Unclear if MA class belongs here or in parent + MA + + + + + cervical artery + MA:0001936 + + + + + cervical artery + Wikipedia:Transverse_cervical_artery + + + + + cervical transverse artery + Wikipedia:Transverse_cervical_artery + + + + + descending branch of the transverse cervical + Wikipedia:Transverse_cervical_artery + + + + + transversalis artery colli + Wikipedia:Transverse_cervical_artery + + + + + transversalis colli artery + Wikipedia:Transverse_cervical_artery + + + + + transverse cervical + Wikipedia:Transverse_cervical_artery + + + + + transverse cervical vessels + Wikipedia:Transverse_cervical_artery + + + + + + + + The mesosalpinx is part of the lining of the abdominal cavity in higher vertebrates, specifically the portion of the broad ligament that stretches from the uterine tube to the level of the ovary. + FMA:19808 + SCTID:279900000 + Wikipedia:Mesosalpinx + uberon + UBERON:0012331 + + mesosalpinx + mesosalpinx + + + + + The mesosalpinx is part of the lining of the abdominal cavity in higher vertebrates, specifically the portion of the broad ligament that stretches from the uterine tube to the level of the ovary. + Wikipedia:Mesosalpinx + + + + + + + + A broad fold of peritoneum that extends from the side of the uterus to the wall of the pelvis. + FMA:16516 + MESH:D001956 + NCIT:C12318 + SCTID:362723009 + UMLS:C0006205 + Wikipedia:Broad_ligament_of_the_uterus + broad uterine ligament + uberon + broad ligament + ligamentum latum uteri + UBERON:0012332 + + broad ligament of uterus + broad ligament of uterus + + + + + A broad fold of peritoneum that extends from the side of the uterus to the wall of the pelvis. + MESH:A02.513.170 + Wikipedia:Broad_ligament_of_the_uterus + + + + + UMLS:C0006205 + ncithesaurus:Broad_Ligament + + + + + broad uterine ligament + FMA:16516 + + + + + broad ligament + MESH:A02.513.170 + + + + + ligamentum latum uteri + + + + + + + + + A nerve plexus that is part of a sympathetic nervous system. + EMAPA:37617 + MA:0001160 + uberon + UBERON:0012373 + + sympathetic nerve plexus + Sympathetic nerve plexus + + + + + A nerve plexus that is part of a sympathetic nervous system. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + EMAPA:37617 + MA:th + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A layer of tissue between the muscularis and serosa. + FMA:45636 + NCIT:C94494 + SCTID:2255006 + UMLS:C0225334 + Wikipedia:Subserosa + uberon + UBERON:0012375 + Contains nerves, blood vessels, lymphatics and lymph nodes + + subserosa + subserosa + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:07:23.862308 + + + + + A layer of tissue between the muscularis and serosa. + Wikipedia:Subserosa + + + + + UMLS:C0225334 + ncithesaurus:Subserosa + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A muscular coat that is part of a jejunum. + FMA:14951 + muscularis externa of jejunum + uberon + jejunal smooth muscle + muscularis propria of jejunum + smooth muscle of jejunum + UBERON:0012377 + + muscle layer of jejunum + muscle layer of jejunum + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:16:11.985182 + + + + + A muscular coat that is part of a jejunum. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + muscularis externa of jejunum + FMA:14951 + + + + + jejunal smooth muscle + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + muscularis propria of jejunum + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + smooth muscle of jejunum + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A muscular coat that is part of a urinary bladder. + FMA:15930 + NCIT:C32206 + UMLS:C1288327 + bladder muscular coat + muscle layer of urinary bladder + muscular coat of bladder + muscular coat of urinary bladder + muscular layer of bladder + muscular layer of urinary bladder + tunica musculari vesicae + tunica muscularis (vesica urinaria) + uberon + UBERON:0012378 + + muscle layer of urinary bladder + muscle layer of urinary bladder + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:19:15.945030 + + + + + A muscular coat that is part of a urinary bladder. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + UMLS:C1288327 + ncithesaurus:Bladder_Muscular_Coat + + + + + muscle layer of urinary bladder + FMA:15930 + + + + + muscular coat of bladder + FMA:15930 + + + + + muscular coat of urinary bladder + FMA:15930 + + + + + muscular layer of bladder + FMA:15930 + + + + + muscular layer of urinary bladder + FMA:15930 + + + + + tunica musculari vesicae + FMA:TA + + + + + tunica muscularis (vesica urinaria) + FMA:TA + + + + + + + + A circular muscle layer of muscular coat that is part of a large intestine smooth muscle. + EMAPA:37558 + FMA:81160 + MA:0001548 + uberon + circular muscle layer of segment of large intestine + UBERON:0012398 + + large intestine smooth muscle circular layer + circular muscle layer + large intestine smooth muscle circular layer + + + + + A circular muscle layer of muscular coat that is part of a large intestine smooth muscle. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + EMAPA:37558 + MA:th + + + + + circular muscle layer of segment of large intestine + FMA:81160 + + + + + + + + A longitudinal muscle layer of muscular coat that is part of a large intestine smooth muscle. + EMAPA:37559 + FMA:63637 + MA:0001549 + uberon + longitudinal muscle layer of zone of large intestine + UBERON:0012399 + + large intestine smooth muscle longitudinal layer + large intestine smooth muscle longitudinal layer + longitudinal muscle layer + + + + + A longitudinal muscle layer of muscular coat that is part of a large intestine smooth muscle. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + EMAPA:37559 + MA:th + + + + + longitudinal muscle layer of zone of large intestine + FMA:63637 + + + + + + + + EMAPA:37567 + MA:0001802 + uberon + UBERON:0012416 + + respiratory system arterial smooth muscle + lung arterial smooth muscle + + + + + EMAPA:37567 + MA:th + + + + + + + + A smooth muscle tissue that is part of a respiratory system venous blood vessel. + EMAPA:37586 + MA:0001812 + uberon + UBERON:0012418 + + respiratory system venous smooth muscle + lung venous smooth muscle + + + + + A smooth muscle tissue that is part of a respiratory system venous blood vessel. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + EMAPA:37586 + MA:th + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The taeniae coli (also teniae coli) are three separate longitudinal ribbons of smooth muscle on the outside of the ascending, transverse, descending and sigmoid colons. They are visible, and can be seen just below the serosa or fibrosa. They are the Mesocolic, Free and Omental Coli. The teniae coli contracts length wise to produce the haustra, the bulges in the colon. The bands converge at the root of the vermiform appendix and the rectum. These bands correspond to the outer layer of the muscularis externa, in other portions of the digestive tract. + FMA:15041 + SCTID:362160001 + Wikipedia:Taenia_coli + longitudinal band of large intestine muscularis + uberon + longitudinal bands + taeniae coli + tenia coli + teniae coli + UBERON:0012419 + + taenia coli + free coli + mesocolic coli + omental coli + taenia coli + tenia coli + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:07:23.862304 + + + + + The taeniae coli (also teniae coli) are three separate longitudinal ribbons of smooth muscle on the outside of the ascending, transverse, descending and sigmoid colons. They are visible, and can be seen just below the serosa or fibrosa. They are the Mesocolic, Free and Omental Coli. The teniae coli contracts length wise to produce the haustra, the bulges in the colon. The bands converge at the root of the vermiform appendix and the rectum. These bands correspond to the outer layer of the muscularis externa, in other portions of the digestive tract. + Wikipedia:Taenia_coli + + + + + longitudinal band of large intestine muscularis + FMA:15041 + + + + + longitudinal bands + Wikipedia:Taenia_coli + + + + + taeniae coli + Wikipedia:Taenia_coli + + + + + tenia coli + Wikipedia:Taenia_coli + + + + + teniae coli + Wikipedia:Taenia_coli + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An endothelium that is part of a peritubular capillary. + peritubular endothelium + peritubular capillary endothelium + uberon + UBERON:0012441 + + endothelium of peritubular capillary + endothelium of peritubular capillary + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:04:49.725538 + + + + + An endothelium that is part of a peritubular capillary. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + A muscular coat that is part of a colon. + EMAPA:27383 + FMA:14986 + MA:0003198 + SCTID:362158003 + colonic muscularis propria + muscular coat of colon + muscular layer of colon + muscularis externa of colon + tunica muscularis coli + uberon + colon muscularis + UBERON:0012489 + + muscle layer of colon + muscle layer of colon + + + + + A muscular coat that is part of a colon. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + colonic muscularis propria + FMA:14986 + + + + + muscular coat of colon + FMA:14986 + + + + + muscular layer of colon + FMA:14986 + + + + + muscularis externa of colon + FMA:14986 + + + + + tunica muscularis coli + FMA:TA + + + + + colon muscularis + MA:0003198 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A muscularis mucosa that is part of a duodenum. + EMAPA:27243 + EMAPA:27259 + FMA:15059 + MA:0003210 + MA:0003211 + SCTID:37457002 + lamina muscularis of duodenal mucous membrane + lamina muscularis of duodenum + uberon + UBERON:0012494 + + muscularis mucosae of duodenum + muscularis mucosae of duodenum + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:16:11.985151 + + + + + A muscularis mucosa that is part of a duodenum. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + lamina muscularis of duodenal mucous membrane + FMA:15059 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A serous membrane that is part of a vermiform appendix. + FMA:14997 + SCTID:22488003 + appendiceal serosa + appendix serosa + serosa of vermiform appendix + visceral peritoneum of vermiform appendix + uberon + UBERON:0012498 + + serosa of appendix + serosa + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:07:07.585452 + + + + + A serous membrane that is part of a vermiform appendix. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + appendiceal serosa + FMA:14997 + + + + + appendix serosa + FMA:14997 + + + + + serosa of vermiform appendix + FMA:14997 + + + + + visceral peritoneum of vermiform appendix + FMA:14997 + + + + + + + + A serous membrane that is part of a fallopian tube. + FMA:18316 + SCTID:259593000 + serosa of fallopian tube + serosa of oviduct + serous coat of uterine tube + tunica serosa (tuba uterina) + tunica serosa tubae uterinae + uterine tubal serosa + uterine tube serosa + uberon + UBERON:0012499 + + serosa of uterine tube + serosa of Fallopian tube + + + + + A serous membrane that is part of a fallopian tube. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + serosa of fallopian tube + FMA:18316 + + + + + serosa of oviduct + FMA:18316 + + + + + serous coat of uterine tube + FMA:18316 + + + + + tunica serosa (tuba uterina) + FMA:18316 + + + + + tunica serosa tubae uterinae + FMA:TA + + + + + uterine tubal serosa + FMA:18316 + + + + + uterine tube serosa + FMA:18316 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The ampulla is the second portion of the uterine tube. It is an intermediate dilated portion, which curves over the ovary. It is the most common site of human fertilization. The word ampulla is from the Latin for flask. + BTO:0004285 + FMA:18305 + SCTID:245497001 + Wikipedia:Ampulla_of_uterine_tube + ampulla of fallopian tube + ampulla of oviduct + ampulla tubae uterinae + uterine tube ampulla + uberon + ampulla of fallopian tube + ampulla of the fallopian tube + ampulla of uterine tube + UBERON:0012648 + + ampulla of uterine tube + ampulla of uterine tube + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:03:07.344806 + + + + + The ampulla is the second portion of the uterine tube. It is an intermediate dilated portion, which curves over the ovary. It is the most common site of human fertilization. The word ampulla is from the Latin for flask. + Wikipedia:Ampulla_of_uterine_tube + + + + + ampulla of fallopian tube + FMA:18305 + + + + + ampulla of oviduct + FMA:18305 + + + + + ampulla tubae uterinae + FMA:18305 + FMA:TA + + + + + + uterine tube ampulla + FMA:18305 + + + + + ampulla of fallopian tube + Wikipedia:Ampulla_of_uterine_tube + + + + + ampulla of the fallopian tube + Wikipedia:Ampulla_of_uterine_tube + + + + + ampulla of uterine tube + BTO:0004285 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + One of the small straight arteries of the red pulp of the spleen; a branch of the spleen central artery that supplies the red pulp[WP,modified]. + FMA:16038 + penicilli + penicillus + uberon + penicillar artery + UBERON:0013132 + + penicillar arteriole + Penicillar Arteriole + penicillar arteriole + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:16:56.115536 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:28.519288 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.166269 + + + + + One of the small straight arteries of the red pulp of the spleen; a branch of the spleen central artery that supplies the red pulp[WP,modified]. + http://www.merriam-webster.com/medical/penicillus + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + penicilli + http://www.merriam-webster.com/medical/penicilli + + + + + + penicillus + FMA:16038 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A phrenic artery that arises from the lower part of the thoracic aorta and is distributed to the posterior part of the upper surface of the diaphragm, and anastomoses with the musculophrenic and pericardiacophrenic arteries. + FMA:4163 + SCTID:198521008 + Wikipedia:Superior_phrenic_artery + arteria phrenicea superioris + arteriae phrenicae superiores + uberon + superior phrenic branches + UBERON:0013133 + + superior phrenic artery + superior phrenic artery + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.167757 + + + + + A phrenic artery that arises from the lower part of the thoracic aorta and is distributed to the posterior part of the upper surface of the diaphragm, and anastomoses with the musculophrenic and pericardiacophrenic arteries. + Wikipedia:Superior_phrenic_artery + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + arteria phrenicea superioris + FMA:4163 + FMA:TA + + + + + + arteriae phrenicae superiores + Wikipedia:Superior_phrenic_artery + + + + + + superior phrenic branches + Wikipedia:Superior_phrenic_artery + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A vein that drains the soleus. + SCTID:397427005 + soleus vein + vein of soleus muscle + vena solealis + uberon + UBERON:0013142 + + soleal vein + soleal vein + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.166055 + + + + + A vein that drains the soleus. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + vena solealis + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A vein that drains the gastrocnemius. + SCTID:264481007 + vein of gastrocnemius muscle + vena gastrocnemii + uberon + UBERON:0013143 + divided in medial gastrocnemius vein (vena medialis gastrocnemii), lateral gastrocnemius vein (vena lateralis gastrocnemii), and intergemellar vein (Vena intergemellaris), the vein ascending between the two heads of the gastrocnemius[http://www.veinsurg.com/fr/biblio/echodoppler/echodoppler_11.php] + + gastrocnemius vein + gastrocnemius vein + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.166838 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:48.278279 + + + + + A vein that drains the gastrocnemius. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + vena gastrocnemii + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + FMA:44559 + uberon + genicular vein + UBERON:0013144 + The term genicular venous plexus (plexus venosus genicularis) should replace the term genicular veins. At the knee, deep veins do not correspond exactly to the branches of the popliteal artery (articular arteries). They are arranged in a complex plexus of interconnecting veins.[http://www.veinsurg.com/fr/biblio/echodoppler/echodoppler_11.php] + + vein of genicular venous plexus + vein of genicular venous plexus + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.165824 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:48.278319 + + + + + genicular vein + FMA:44559 + + + + + + + + The layer of the ovarian stroma lying immediately beneath the tunica albuginea, composed of connective tissue cells and fibers, among which are scattered primary and secondary (antral) follicles in various stages of development; the cortex varies in thickness according to the age of the individual, becoming thinner with advancing years; included in the follicles are the cumulus oophorus, membrana granulosa (and the granulosa cells inside it), corona radiata, zona pellucida, and primary oocyte; the zona pellucida, theca of follicle, antrum and liquor folliculi are also contained in the follicle; also in the cortex is the corpus luteum derived from the follicles. + EMAPA:37927 + FMA:18613 + NCIT:C33243 + UMLS:C0227878 + cortex of ovary + cortex ovarii (zona parenchymatosa) + uberon + UBERON:0013191 + + + ovarian cortex + ovarian cortex + + + + + The layer of the ovarian stroma lying immediately beneath the tunica albuginea, composed of connective tissue cells and fibers, among which are scattered primary and secondary (antral) follicles in various stages of development; the cortex varies in thickness according to the age of the individual, becoming thinner with advancing years; included in the follicles are the cumulus oophorus, membrana granulosa (and the granulosa cells inside it), corona radiata, zona pellucida, and primary oocyte; the zona pellucida, theca of follicle, antrum and liquor folliculi are also contained in the follicle; also in the cortex is the corpus luteum derived from the follicles. + MGI:anna + + + + + EMAPA:37927 + MA:th + + + + + UMLS:C0227878 + ncithesaurus:Ovarian_Cortex + + + + + cortex of ovary + FMA:18613 + + + + + cortex ovarii (zona parenchymatosa) + FMA:18613 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An intestinal crypt that is located in the colon. The colonic crypts of Lieberkühn are straight and unbranched and lined largely with goblet cells. + SCTID:19447003 + colonic crypt + colonic crypt of Lieberkuhn + uberon + UBERON:0013485 + + crypt of Lieberkuhn of colon + crypt + crypt of Lieberkuhn of colon + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:07:07.585458 + + + + + An intestinal crypt that is located in the colon. The colonic crypts of Lieberkühn are straight and unbranched and lined largely with goblet cells. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The very first part of the duodenum which is slightly dilated. + FMA:14927 + SCTID:362149005 + Wikipedia:Duodenal_cap + ampulla (duodenum) + ampulla duodeni + ampulla of duodenum + bulbus (duodenum) + bulbus duodeni + duodenal cap + duodenal cap viewed radiologically + uberon + UBERON:0013644 + + duodenal ampulla + duodenal ampulla + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:16:11.985169 + + + + + The very first part of the duodenum which is slightly dilated. + Wikipedia:Duodenal_cap + + + + + ampulla (duodenum) + FMA:14927 + + + + + ampulla duodeni + FMA:TA + + + + + ampulla of duodenum + FMA:14927 + + + + + bulbus (duodenum) + FMA:14927 + + + + + bulbus duodeni + FMA:TA + + + + + duodenal cap + FMA:14927 + + + + + duodenal cap viewed radiologically + FMA:14927 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The masseteric artery is small and passes laterally through the mandibular notch to the deep surface of the masseter muscle, which it supplies. It anastomoses with the masseteric branches of the external maxillary artery and with the transverse facial artery. + FMA:49739 + NCIT:C53052 + SCTID:147864007 + UMLS:C0226149 + Wikipedia:Masseteric_artery + arteria masseterica + uberon + UBERON:0013648 + + masseteric artery + masseteric artery + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:28.519795 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.167463 + + + + + The masseteric artery is small and passes laterally through the mandibular notch to the deep surface of the masseter muscle, which it supplies. It anastomoses with the masseteric branches of the external maxillary artery and with the transverse facial artery. + Wikipedia:Masseteric_artery + + + + + UMLS:C0226149 + ncithesaurus:Masseteric_Artery + + + + + arteria masseterica + Wikipedia:Masseteric_artery + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The cavity formed by the walls of the cervix. + BTO:0002249 + FMA:17746 + Wikipedia:Canal_of_the_cervix + lumen of cervix of uterus + uberon + canal of the cervix + cavity of cervix + cervical canal + cervical canal of uterus + endocervical + endocervical canal + endocervix + UBERON:0013761 + + cervical cavity + cervical cavity + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:19:59.368976 + + + + + The cavity formed by the walls of the cervix. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + lumen of cervix of uterus + FMA:17746 + + + + + canal of the cervix + Wikipedia:Canal_of_the_cervix + + + + + cavity of cervix + BTO:0002249 + + + + + cervical canal + Wikipedia:Canal_of_the_cervix + + + + + cervical canal of uterus + BTO:0002249 + + + + + endocervical + Wikipedia:Canal_of_the_cervix + + + + + endocervical canal + BTO:0002249 + + + + + endocervical canal + Wikipedia:Canal_of_the_cervix + + + + + endocervix + Wikipedia:Canal_of_the_cervix + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Encapsulated adipose tissue associated with the kidney. + uberon + perirenal fat pad + UBERON:0014464 + + + renal fat pad + renal fat pad + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:04:49.725190 + + + + + Encapsulated adipose tissue associated with the kidney. + MP:0008902 + + + + + perirenal fat pad + MP:0008902 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + BAMS:IOG + BAMS:O3 + BIRNLEX:1399 + DHBA:12153 + FMA:273129 + HBA:4205 + SCTID:279183001 + UMLS:C1110643 + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=156 + inferior occipital gyrus + uberon + gyrus occipitalis inferior + gyrus occipitalis tertius + UBERON:0014608 + + inferior occipital gyrus + inferior occipital gyrus + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:00:32.978253 + + + + + UMLS:C1110643 + BIRNLEX:1399 + + + + + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=156 + BIRNLEX:1399 + + + + + inferior occipital gyrus + BIRNLEX:1399 + + + + + + gyrus occipitalis inferior + NeuroNames:156 + + + + + + gyrus occipitalis tertius + NeuroNames:156 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The pterygoid plexus is a venous plexus of considerable size, and is situated between the temporalis muscle and lateral pterygoid muscle, and partly between the two pterygoid muscles. + FMA:50944 + Wikipedia:Pterygoid_plexus + plexus venosus pterygoideus + pterygoid venous plexus + uberon + middle meningeal vein + plexus pterygoideus + pterygoid plexus vein + UBERON:0014685 + + pterygoid plexus + pterygoid plexus + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.166417 + + + + + The pterygoid plexus is a venous plexus of considerable size, and is situated between the temporalis muscle and lateral pterygoid muscle, and partly between the two pterygoid muscles. + Wikipedia:Pterygoid_plexus + + + + + plexus venosus pterygoideus + FMA:TA + + + + + + pterygoid venous plexus + FMA:50944 + + + + + pterygoid venous plexus + Wikipedia:Pterygoid_plexus + + + + + middle meningeal vein + Wikipedia:Pterygoid_plexus + + + + + plexus pterygoideus + Wikipedia:Pterygoid_plexus + + + + + + pterygoid plexus vein + Wikipedia:Pterygoid_plexus + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The angular vein formed by the junction of the frontal vein and supraorbital vein, runs obliquely downward, on the side of the root of the nose, to the level of the lower margin of the orbit, where it becomes the anterior facial vein. It receives the external nasal veins of the ala nasi, and communicates with the superior ophthalmic vein through the nasofrontal vein, thus establishing an important anastomosis between the anterior facial vein and the cavernous sinus. + FMA:50893 + SCTID:151804007 + Wikipedia:Angular_vein + uberon + UBERON:0014686 + + angular vein + angular vein + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.167403 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:48.278367 + + + + + The angular vein formed by the junction of the frontal vein and supraorbital vein, runs obliquely downward, on the side of the root of the nose, to the level of the lower margin of the orbit, where it becomes the anterior facial vein. It receives the external nasal veins of the ala nasi, and communicates with the superior ophthalmic vein through the nasofrontal vein, thus establishing an important anastomosis between the anterior facial vein and the cavernous sinus. + Wikipedia:Angular_vein + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The Left gastric vein (or coronary vein) carries blood low in Oxygen, tributaries derived from both surfaces of the stomach; it runs from right to left along the lesser curvature of the stomach, between the two layers of the lesser omentum, to the esophageal opening of the stomach, where it receives some esophageal veins. It then turns backward and passes from left to right behind the omental bursa and drains into the portal vein. Esophageal and paraesophageal varices are primarily supplied by the left gastric vein and typically drain into the azygos/hemiazygos venous system. + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-paired-structures-Design-Pattern + FMA:15399 + SCTID:281061005 + Wikipedia:Left_gastric_vein + vena gastrica sinistra + uberon + coronary vein + UBERON:0014690 + + left gastric vein + left gastric vein + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.167419 + + + + + The Left gastric vein (or coronary vein) carries blood low in Oxygen, tributaries derived from both surfaces of the stomach; it runs from right to left along the lesser curvature of the stomach, between the two layers of the lesser omentum, to the esophageal opening of the stomach, where it receives some esophageal veins. It then turns backward and passes from left to right behind the omental bursa and drains into the portal vein. Esophageal and paraesophageal varices are primarily supplied by the left gastric vein and typically drain into the azygos/hemiazygos venous system. + Wikipedia:Left_gastric_vein + + + + + vena gastrica sinistra + Wikipedia:Left_gastric_vein + + + + + + coronary vein + Wikipedia:Left_gastric_vein + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The right gastric vein, also known as the pyloric vein, drains blood from the lesser curvature of the stomach into the hepatic portal vein. It is part of the portal circulation. + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-paired-structures-Design-Pattern + FMA:15400 + SCTID:281062003 + Wikipedia:Right_gastric_vein + vena gastrica dextra + uberon + pyloric vein + UBERON:0014691 + + right gastric vein + right gastric vein + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.165945 + + + + + The right gastric vein, also known as the pyloric vein, drains blood from the lesser curvature of the stomach into the hepatic portal vein. It is part of the portal circulation. + Wikipedia:Right_gastric_vein + + + + + vena gastrica dextra + Wikipedia:Right_gastric_vein + + + + + + pyloric vein + Wikipedia:Right_gastric_vein + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The superficial epigastric vein is a vein which travels with the superficial epigastric artery. It joins the accessory saphenous vein near the fossa ovalis. + FMA:44318 + SCTID:286971006 + Wikipedia:Superficial_epigastric_vein + uberon + UBERON:0014692 + + superficial epigastric vein + superficial epigastric vein + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.165907 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:48.278338 + + + + + The superficial epigastric vein is a vein which travels with the superficial epigastric artery. It joins the accessory saphenous vein near the fossa ovalis. + Wikipedia:Superficial_epigastric_vein + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + FMA:49695 + SCTID:276151008 + uberon + UBERON:0014693 + + inferior alveolar artery + inferior alveolar artery + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:28.519311 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.167478 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The posterior auricular artery is a small artery and arises from the external carotid artery, above the Digastric muscle and Stylohyoid muscle, opposite the apex of the styloid process. It ascends posteriorly beneath the parotid gland, along the styloid process of the temporal bone, between the cartilage of the ear and the mastoid process of the temporal bone along the lateral side of the head. The posterior auricular artery supplies blood to the scalp posterior to the auricle and to the auricle itself. + FMA:49624 + SCTID:244220004 + Wikipedia:Posterior_auricular_artery + uberon + UBERON:0014694 + + posterior auricular artery + posterior auricular artery + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:28.519762 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.166070 + + + + + The posterior auricular artery is a small artery and arises from the external carotid artery, above the Digastric muscle and Stylohyoid muscle, opposite the apex of the styloid process. It ascends posteriorly beneath the parotid gland, along the styloid process of the temporal bone, between the cartilage of the ear and the mastoid process of the temporal bone along the lateral side of the head. The posterior auricular artery supplies blood to the scalp posterior to the auricle and to the auricle itself. + Wikipedia:Posterior_auricular_artery + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The deep auricular artery often arises in common with the anterior tympanic artery. It ascends in the substance of the parotid gland, behind the temporomandibular articulation, pierces the cartilaginous or bony wall of the external acoustic meatus, and supplies its cuticular lining and the outer surface of the tympanic membrane. It gives a branch to the temporomandibular joint. + FMA:49689 + SCTID:147157007 + Wikipedia:Deep_auricular_artery + uberon + UBERON:0014695 + + deep auricular artery + deep auricular artery + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:28.519275 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.166701 + + + + + The deep auricular artery often arises in common with the anterior tympanic artery. It ascends in the substance of the parotid gland, behind the temporomandibular articulation, pierces the cartilaginous or bony wall of the external acoustic meatus, and supplies its cuticular lining and the outer surface of the tympanic membrane. It gives a branch to the temporomandibular joint. + Wikipedia:Deep_auricular_artery + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The anterior choroidal artery originates from the internal carotid artery, though it also rarely arises from the middle cerebral artery. + FMA:50087 + NCIT:C32083 + SCTID:244211008 + Wikipedia:Anterior_choroidal_artery + uberon + anterior choroidal + UBERON:0014696 + + anterior choroidal artery + anterior choroidal artery + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:28.519726 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.166783 + + + + + The anterior choroidal artery originates from the internal carotid artery, though it also rarely arises from the middle cerebral artery. + Wikipedia:Anterior_choroidal_artery + + + + + anterior choroidal + Wikipedia:Anterior_choroidal_artery + + + + + + + + A duct that is located between lobules, within the thin connective tissue septa that separate lobules. All interlobular ducts are excretory. + NCIT:C32828 + UMLS:C1512857 + Wikipedia:Interlobular_ducts + uberon + UBERON:0014716 + + interlobular duct + interlobular duct + + + + + A duct that is located between lobules, within the thin connective tissue septa that separate lobules. All interlobular ducts are excretory. + ncithesaurus:Interlobular_Duct + + + + + + + + A duct that is located within a lobule, with no more connective tissue intervening between ducts and secretory units (i.e., acini or tubules) than between adjacent secretory units. Intercalated and striated ducts are intralobular. + SCTID:205214009 + uberon + intralobular ductule + UBERON:0014719 + + intralobular duct + intralobular duct + + + + + A duct that is located within a lobule, with no more connective tissue intervening between ducts and secretory units (i.e., acini or tubules) than between adjacent secretory units. Intercalated and striated ducts are intralobular. + http://www.siumed.edu/~dking2/intro/glands.htm + + + + + + + + + An intercalated duct that is part of a pancreas. + FMA:16013 + NCIT:C49267 + SCTID:247520007 + ductus intercalatus (pancreas) + pancreatic ductule + uberon + UBERON:0014726 + + intercalated duct of pancreas + intercalated duct of pancreas + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:12:48.561026 + + + + + An intercalated duct that is part of a pancreas. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + ductus intercalatus (pancreas) + FMA:16013 + + + + + pancreatic ductule + FMA:16013 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A blood vessel that drains from from an upper eyelid. + FMA:50907 + uberon + venae palpebrales superiores + UBERON:0014768 + + superior palpebral vein + superior palpebral vein + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.166760 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:48.278469 + + + + + A blood vessel that drains from from an upper eyelid. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + venae palpebrales superiores + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The lateral palpebral arteries are small arteries which supply the eyelid. + FMA:49940 + SCTID:369323008 + Wikipedia:Lateral_palpebral_arteries + lateral palpebral branch of ophthalmic artery + uberon + lateral palpebral branches + UBERON:0014772 + + lateral palpebral artery + lateral palpebral artery + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:28.519497 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.166020 + + + + + The lateral palpebral arteries are small arteries which supply the eyelid. + Wikipedia:Lateral_palpebral_arteries + + + + + lateral palpebral branch of ophthalmic artery + FMA:49940 + + + + + lateral palpebral branches + Wikipedia:Lateral_palpebral_arteries + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The medial palpebral arteries (internal palpebral arteries) are arteries of the head. They are two in number, superior and inferior, arise from the ophthalmic, opposite the pulley of the Obliquus superior. + FMA:50012 + SCTID:369331003 + Wikipedia:Medial_palpebral_arteries + medial palpebral branch of ophthalmic artery + uberon + inferior palpebral artery + internal palpebral arteries + internal palpebral artery + superior palpebral + superior palpebral artery + UBERON:0014773 + + medial palpebral artery + medial palpebral artery + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:28.519439 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.166287 + + + + + The medial palpebral arteries (internal palpebral arteries) are arteries of the head. They are two in number, superior and inferior, arise from the ophthalmic, opposite the pulley of the Obliquus superior. + Wikipedia:Medial_palpebral_arteries + + + + + medial palpebral branch of ophthalmic artery + FMA:50012 + + + + + inferior palpebral artery + Wikipedia:Medial_palpebral_arteries + + + + + internal palpebral arteries + Wikipedia:Medial_palpebral_arteries + + + + + internal palpebral artery + Wikipedia:Medial_palpebral_arteries + + + + + superior palpebral + Wikipedia:Medial_palpebral_arteries + + + + + superior palpebral artery + Wikipedia:Medial_palpebral_arteries + + + + + + + + FMA:46900 + SCTID:245175008 + common tendon of quadriceps femoris + quadriceps femoris tendon + quadriceps tendon + uberon + common quadriceps femoris tendon + common quadriceps tendon + common tendon of quadriceps femoris muscle complex + UBERON:0014848 + + tendon of quadriceps femoris + tendon of quadriceps femoris + + + + + quadriceps femoris tendon + FMA:46900 + + + + + quadriceps tendon + FMA:46900 + + + + + common quadriceps femoris tendon + FMA:46900 + + + + + common quadriceps tendon + FMA:46900 + + + + + common tendon of quadriceps femoris muscle complex + FMA:46900 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The middle temporal artery occasionally gives off a zygomatico-orbital branch, which runs along the upper border of the zygomatic arch, between the two layers of the temporal fascia, to the lateral angle of the orbit. This branch, which may arise directly from the superficial temporal artery, supplies the Orbicularis oculi, and anastomoses with the lacrimal and palpebral branches of the ophthalmic artery. + FMA:49663 + SCTID:146753008 + Wikipedia:Zygomatico-orbital_artery + uberon + zygomaticooerbital branch + zygomaticoorbital branch + UBERON:0015157 + + zygomatico-orbital artery + zygomatico-orbital artery + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:28.519399 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.166308 + + + + + The middle temporal artery occasionally gives off a zygomatico-orbital branch, which runs along the upper border of the zygomatic arch, between the two layers of the temporal fascia, to the lateral angle of the orbit. This branch, which may arise directly from the superficial temporal artery, supplies the Orbicularis oculi, and anastomoses with the lacrimal and palpebral branches of the ophthalmic artery. + Wikipedia:Zygomatico-orbital_artery + + + + + zygomaticooerbital branch + Wikipedia:Zygomatico-orbital_artery + + + + + zygomaticoorbital branch + Wikipedia:Zygomatico-orbital_artery + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The supraorbital artery is an artery of the head. It springs from the ophthalmic artery as that vessel is crossing over to the medial side of the optic nerve. + FMA:49973 + SCTID:369330002 + Wikipedia:Supraorbital_artery + arteria supraorbitalis + supra-orbital artery + supraorbital artery + uberon + supraorbital branch of external ophthalmic artery + UBERON:0015160 + + supraorbital artery + supraorbital artery + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:28.519339 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.166788 + + + + + The supraorbital artery is an artery of the head. It springs from the ophthalmic artery as that vessel is crossing over to the medial side of the optic nerve. + Wikipedia:Supraorbital_artery + + + + + arteria supraorbitalis + Wikipedia:Supraorbital_artery + + + + + + supra-orbital artery + FMA:49973 + + + + + supraorbital artery + FMA:49973 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A corkscrew-like artery in premenstrual or progestational endometrium; uterine spiral arteries play a vital role in supplying nutrients to the placenta and fetus, and are thus remodeled into highly dilated inelastic vessels by the action of invading trophoblast (physiological change). + In women, rats and mice, the endometrial vessels are coiled and known as spiral arteries[PMID:16413937]. + spiral artery + BTO:0003371 + EMAPA:36612 + NCIT:C33592 + SCTID:24628006 + UMLS:C1519470 + Wikipedia:Spiral_artery + endometrial spiral arteriole + endometrial spiral artery + uberon + spiral arteries + spiral artery + UBERON:0015171 + + + uterine spiral artery + uterine spiral artery + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.165705 + + + + + A corkscrew-like artery in premenstrual or progestational endometrium; uterine spiral arteries play a vital role in supplying nutrients to the placenta and fetus, and are thus remodeled into highly dilated inelastic vessels by the action of invading trophoblast (physiological change). + J:100668 + J:117841 + MGI:anna + MP:0012726 + + + + + In women, rats and mice, the endometrial vessels are coiled and known as spiral arteries[PMID:16413937]. + PMID:16413937 + + + + + spiral artery + BTO:0003371 + + + + + endometrial spiral artery + BTO:0003371 + + + + + spiral arteries + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The helicine branches of uterine artery (or helicine arterioles, or spiral arteries) are small arteries which temporarily supply the endometrium of the uterus during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. In histology, identifying the presence of these arteries is one of the most useful techniques in identifying the phase of the cycle. + FMA:21101 + Wikipedia:Helicine_branches_of_uterine_artery + arcuate artery of uterus + helicine artery of uterus + rami helicini uterinae + uberon + helicine arteriole + spiral arteries + spiral artery + UBERON:0015173 + Notes: The straight branches of the radial arteries of the uterus terminate in capillaries in the basal layer, while the spiral or coiled branches penetrate to the surface epithelium + + helicine branch of uterine artery + helicine branch of uterine artery + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:28.519638 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.167425 + + + + + The helicine branches of uterine artery (or helicine arterioles, or spiral arteries) are small arteries which temporarily supply the endometrium of the uterus during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. In histology, identifying the presence of these arteries is one of the most useful techniques in identifying the phase of the cycle. + Wikipedia:Helicine_branches_of_uterine_artery + + + + + helicine artery of uterus + FMA:21101 + + + + + rami helicini uterinae + Wikipedia:Helicine_branches_of_uterine_artery + + + + + + helicine arteriole + Wikipedia:Helicine_branches_of_uterine_artery + + + + + + spiral arteries + Wikipedia:Helicine_branches_of_uterine_artery + + + + + + spiral artery + Wikipedia:Helicine_branches_of_uterine_artery + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The helicine arteries of penis are arteries in the penis. They are found in the corpora cavernosa penis. They are involved in the process of erection. + FMA:19796 + SCTID:279924008 + Wikipedia:Helicine_arteries_of_penis + arteriae helicinae penis + uberon + helicine arteries + UBERON:0015174 + + helicine artery of penis + helicine artery of penis + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.165781 + + + + + The helicine arteries of penis are arteries in the penis. They are found in the corpora cavernosa penis. They are involved in the process of erection. + Wikipedia:Helicine_arteries_of_penis + + + + + arteriae helicinae penis + Wikipedia:Helicine_arteries_of_penis + + + + + + helicine arteries + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A fat pad that is part of a pancreas. + MA:0003029 + uberon + UBERON:0015454 + + pancreatic fat pad + pancreatic fat pad + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:12:59.846732 + + + + + A fat pad that is part of a pancreas. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The hepatic artery proper (also proper hepatic artery), arises from the common hepatic artery and runs alongside the portal vein and the common bile duct to form the portal triad. The hepatic artery proper gives off a small supraduodenal artery to the duodenal bulb. Then the right gastric artery comes off and runs to the left along the lesser curvature of the stomach to meet the left gastric artery, which is a branch of the celiac trunk. It subsequently gives off the cystic artery, which feeds the gallbladder, before bifurcating into the right and left hepatic arteries. Of note, the right and left hepatic arteries may demonstrate variant anatomy. A replaced right hepatic artery may arise from the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) and a replaced left hepatic artery may arise from the left gastric artery. + EMAPA:37217 + FMA:14772 + MA:0003095 + SCTID:244262006 + Wikipedia:Hepatic_artery_proper + hepatic artery proper + uberon + proper hepatic + UBERON:0015480 + + proper hepatic artery + proper hepatic artery + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:28.519492 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.166717 + + + + + The hepatic artery proper (also proper hepatic artery), arises from the common hepatic artery and runs alongside the portal vein and the common bile duct to form the portal triad. The hepatic artery proper gives off a small supraduodenal artery to the duodenal bulb. Then the right gastric artery comes off and runs to the left along the lesser curvature of the stomach to meet the left gastric artery, which is a branch of the celiac trunk. It subsequently gives off the cystic artery, which feeds the gallbladder, before bifurcating into the right and left hepatic arteries. Of note, the right and left hepatic arteries may demonstrate variant anatomy. A replaced right hepatic artery may arise from the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) and a replaced left hepatic artery may arise from the left gastric artery. + Wikipedia:Hepatic_artery_proper + + + + + EMAPA:37217 + MA:th + + + + + hepatic artery proper + FMA:14772 + + + + + proper hepatic + Wikipedia:Hepatic_artery_proper + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A hepatic artery that is part of a left lobe of liver. + EMAPA:37096 + FMA:14779 + MA:0003096 + left branch of hepatic artery + left part of hepatic artery proper + ramus sinister (arteria hepatica propria) + uberon + UBERON:0015481 + + left hepatic artery + left hepatic artery + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.165818 + + + + + A hepatic artery that is part of a left lobe of liver. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + EMAPA:37096 + MA:th + + + + + left branch of hepatic artery + FMA:14779 + + + + + left part of hepatic artery proper + FMA:14779 + + + + + ramus sinister (arteria hepatica propria) + FMA:14779 + FMA:TA + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A hepatic artery that is part of a right lobe of liver. + EMAPA:37376 + FMA:14778 + MA:0003097 + ramus dexter (arteria hepatica propria) + right branch of hepatic artery proper + right part of hepatic artery proper + uberon + UBERON:0015482 + + right hepatic artery + right hepatic artery + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.166609 + + + + + A hepatic artery that is part of a right lobe of liver. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + EMAPA:37376 + MA:th + + + + + ramus dexter (arteria hepatica propria) + FMA:14778 + FMA:TA + + + + + + right branch of hepatic artery proper + FMA:14778 + + + + + right part of hepatic artery proper + FMA:14778 + + + + + + + + An epithelium that is part of a anal canal. + EMAPA:18835 + FMA:17511 + anal canal epithelium + epithelium of anal canal + uberon + UBERON:0015716 + + anal canal epithelium + anal canal epithelium + epithelium + + + + + An epithelium that is part of a anal canal. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + anal canal epithelium + FMA:17511 + + + + + epithelium of anal canal + FMA:17511 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A lamina propria that is part of a duodenum. + EMAPA:27255 + FMA:15972 + MA:0003209 + duodenal lamina propria + lamina propria mucosae of duodenum + lamina propria of duodenum + uberon + UBERON:0015834 + + duodenum lamina propria + duodenum lamina propria + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:16:11.985162 + + + + + A lamina propria that is part of a duodenum. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + duodenal lamina propria + FMA:15972 + + + + + lamina propria mucosae of duodenum + FMA:15972 + + + + + lamina propria of duodenum + FMA:15972 + + + + + + + + The infrapatellar fat pad, also known as Hoffa's fat pad, is a cylindrical piece of fat that is situated under and behind the patella bone within the knee. + FMA:58772 + SCTID:282128003 + Wikipedia:Infrapatellar_fat_pad + uberon + UBERON:0016400 + + infrapatellar fat pad + infrapatellar fat pad + + + + + The infrapatellar fat pad, also known as Hoffa's fat pad, is a cylindrical piece of fat that is situated under and behind the patella bone within the knee. + Wikipedia:Infrapatellar_fat_pad + + + + + + + + A capillary that is part of a lung. + FMA:14121 + capillary of lung + uberon + UBERON:0016405 + + + pulmonary capillary + pulmonary capillary + + + + + A capillary that is part of a lung. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + capillary of lung + FMA:14121 + + + + + + + + A stroma that is part of a liver. + FMA:17553 + hepatic stroma + stroma of liver + uberon + UBERON:0016478 + + liver stroma + liver stroma + + + + + A stroma that is part of a liver. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + hepatic stroma + FMA:17553 + + + + + stroma of liver + FMA:17553 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A muscularis mucosa that is part of a fundus of urinary bladder. + EMAPA:28625 + uberon + UBERON:0016500 + + muscularis mucosa of fundus of urinary bladder + muscularis mucosa of fundus of urinary bladder + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:19:15.944996 + + + + + A muscularis mucosa that is part of a fundus of urinary bladder. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A muscularis mucosa that is part of a jejunum. + EMAPA:27121 + FMA:15063 + uberon + UBERON:0016519 + + muscularis mucosae of jejunum + muscularis mucosae of jejunum + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:16:11.985185 + + + + + A muscularis mucosa that is part of a jejunum. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + Frontal lobe is the anterior-most of five lobes of the cerebral hemisphere. It is bounded by the central sulcus on its posterior border and by the longitudinal cerebral fissure on its medial border. + Many species don't have lobes but they do have frontal cortex. Lobe isn't a really well defined term though + frontal region + regio frontalis + BAMS:Frontal_lobe + BIRNLEX:928 + BM:Tel-Cx-FR + CALOHA:TS-0389 + DHBA:12113 + EFO:0000913 + EV:0100167 + FMA:61824 + HBA:4009 + MAT:0000505 + MESH:A08.186.211.730.885.213.270 + NCIT:C12352 + OpenCyc:Mx4rv3OJ8JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA + SCTID:180920004 + UMLS:C0016733 + UMLS:C1268977 + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=56 + lobi frontales + lobus frontalis + frontal cortex + uberon + UBERON:0016525 + + + frontal lobe + frontal lobe + + + + + Frontal lobe is the anterior-most of five lobes of the cerebral hemisphere. It is bounded by the central sulcus on its posterior border and by the longitudinal cerebral fissure on its medial border. + FMA:61824 + + + + + Many species don't have lobes but they do have frontal cortex. Lobe isn't a really well defined term though + MM + + + + + frontal region + FMA:61824 + + + + + regio frontalis + FMA:61824 + FMA:TA + + + + + + regio frontalis + FMA:TA + + + + + + UMLS:C0016733 + BIRNLEX:928 + + + + + UMLS:C0016733 + ncithesaurus:Frontal_Lobe + + + + + UMLS:C1268977 + BIRNLEX:928 + + + + + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=56 + BIRNLEX:928 + + + + + lobi frontales + NeuroNames:56 + + + + + + lobus frontalis + Wikipedia:Frontal_lobe + + + + + + frontal cortex + FMA:61824 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A white matter that is part of the midbrain. + DHBA:10650 + FMA:83936 + HBA:265505382 + mesencephalic white matter + uberon + UBERON:0016554 + + white matter of midbrain + white matter of midbrain + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:00:32.978390 + + + + + A white matter that is part of the midbrain. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + mesencephalic white matter + HBA:MESWM + + + + + + + + + + + + + + FMA:18306 + isthmus tubae uterinae + uberon + isthmus of oviduct + isthmus of uterine tube + uterine tube isthmus + UBERON:0016632 + + isthmus of fallopian tube + isthmus of fallopian tube + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:03:07.344862 + + + + + isthmus tubae uterinae + FMA:18306 + FMA:TA + + + + + + isthmus of oviduct + FMA:18306 + + + + + isthmus of uterine tube + FMA:18306 + + + + + uterine tube isthmus + FMA:18306 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A paired dural venous sinus at the rim of the foramen magnum. + EHDAA2:0001064 + EHDAA:8693 + FMA:50766 + intracranial marginal sinus + uberon + marginal sinus + UBERON:0017637 + + marginal venous sinus + marginal venous sinus + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.166486 + + + + + A paired dural venous sinus at the rim of the foramen magnum. + PMID:20682099 + + + + + marginal sinus + FMA:50766 + + + + + + + + A lymphatic vessel that is part of a lung. + FMA:234006 + SCTID:321862009 + lymphatic vessel of lung + uberon + UBERON:0018227 + + pulmonary lymphatic vessel + pulmonary lymphatic vessel + + + + + A lymphatic vessel that is part of a lung. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A long slender branch of the anterior inferior cerebellar artery (85%-100% cases) or basilar artery (<15% cases), arises from near the middle of the artery; it accompanies the vestibulocochlear nerve through the internal acoustic meatus, and is distributed to the internal ear. + artery of inner ear + EMAPA:37093 + FMA:50548 + NCIT:C32834 + SCTID:148672009 + Wikipedia:Labyrinthine_artery + arteria auditiva interna + arteria labyrinthi + internal auditory artery + uberon + UBERON:0018231 + + labyrinthine artery + labyrinthine artery + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.168294 + + + + + A long slender branch of the anterior inferior cerebellar artery (85%-100% cases) or basilar artery (<15% cases), arises from near the middle of the artery; it accompanies the vestibulocochlear nerve through the internal acoustic meatus, and is distributed to the internal ear. + Wikipedia:Labyrinthine_artery + + + + + artery of inner ear + FMA:50548 + + + + + EMAPA:37093 + MA:th + + + + + arteria auditiva interna + Wikipedia:Labyrinthine_artery + + + + + + arteria labyrinthi + Wikipedia:Labyrinthine_artery + + + + + + internal auditory artery + FMA:50548 + + + + + + + + A stroma that is part of a pancreas. + FMA:63121 + pancreatic stroma + uberon + UBERON:0018234 + + stroma of pancreas + stroma of pancreas + + + + + A stroma that is part of a pancreas. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + pancreatic stroma + FMA:63121 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A vein that supplies blood to the thymus. + FMA:10647 + SCTID:76543001 + Wikipedia:Thymic_branches_of_internal_thoracic_artery + thymic branch of internal thoracic artery + uberon + thymic arteries + UBERON:0018243 + The arteries supplying the thymus are derived from the internal thoracic artery, and from the superior thyroid artery and inferior thyroids.[WP] + + thymic artery + thymic artery + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:28.519349 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:18:01.358631 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.165831 + + + + + A vein that supplies blood to the thymus. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + thymic branch of internal thoracic artery + FMA:10647 + + + + + thymic arteries + Wikipedia:Thymic_branches_of_internal_thoracic_artery + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Accompanying vein of internal pudendal artery. + In humans, they begin in the deep veins of the penis which issue from the corpus cavernosum penis, accompany the internal pudendal artery, and unite to form a single vessel, which ends in the internal iliac vein. They receive the veins from the urethral bulb, and the perineal and inferior hemorrhoidal veins + FMA:18917 + SCTID:14885008 + Wikipedia:Internal_pudendal_veins + vena pudenda interna + uberon + internal pudic vein + UBERON:0018252 + + internal pudendal vein + internal pudendal vein + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.166962 + + + + + Accompanying vein of internal pudendal artery. + Wikipedia:Internal_pudendal_veins + + + + + vena pudenda interna + Wikipedia:Internal_pudendal_veins + + + + + + internal pudic vein + Wikipedia:Internal_pudendal_veins + + + + + + + + + + + + + + One of the veins of the pelvis which drain into the great saphenous vein. + SCTID:9231002 + vena pudenda externa + uberon + external pudic vein + UBERON:0018253 + + external pudendal vein + external pudendal vein + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.166165 + + + + + One of the veins of the pelvis which drain into the great saphenous vein. + Wikipedia:External_pudendal_vein + + + + + vena pudenda externa + Wikipedia:External_pudendal_veins + + + + + + external pudic vein + Wikipedia:External_pudendal_veins + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A vein that drains a lacrimal gland. + FMA:51779 + SCTID:149582008 + uberon + UBERON:0018256 + + lacrimal vein + lacrimal vein + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.166678 + + + + + A vein that drains a lacrimal gland. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The posterior superior alveolar artery (posterior dental artery) is given off from the maxillary, frequently in conjunction with the infraorbital just as the trunk of the vessel is passing into the pterygopalatine fossa. + FMA:49757 + Wikipedia:Posterior_superior_alveolar_artery + superior posterior alveolar artery + uberon + UBERON:0018397 + + posterior superior alveolar artery + posterior superior alveolar artery + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:28.519394 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.167957 + + + + + The posterior superior alveolar artery (posterior dental artery) is given off from the maxillary, frequently in conjunction with the infraorbital just as the trunk of the vessel is passing into the pterygopalatine fossa. + Wikipedia:Posterior_superior_alveolar_artery + + + + + superior posterior alveolar artery + FMA:49757 + + + + + + + + BTO:0004638 + FMA:13119 + SCTID:88410004 + bronchial gland + bronchial mucous gland + peribronchial gland + uberon + UBERON:0019190 + + mucous gland of lung + mucous gland of lung + + + + + bronchial gland + FMA:13119 + + + + + bronchial mucous gland + FMA:13119 + + + + + peribronchial gland + BTO:0004638 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A white matter that is part of the hindbrain. + DHBA:10668 + FMA:268636 + uberon + UBERON:0019258 + + white matter of hindbrain + white matter of hindbrain + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:00:32.978216 + + + + + A white matter that is part of the hindbrain. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A white matter that is part of the forebrain. + DHBA:10557 + FMA:268634 + uberon + UBERON:0019261 + + white matter of forebrain + white matter of forebrain + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:00:32.978288 + + + + + A white matter that is part of the forebrain. + OBOL:automatic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + DHBA:10654 + FMA:268630 + gray matter of the hindbrain + uberon + UBERON:0019263 + + gray matter of hindbrain + gray matter of hindbrain + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:00:32.978339 + + + + + gray matter of the hindbrain + DHBA:HGM + + + + + + + + + + + + + + DHBA:10157 + FMA:268608 + uberon + UBERON:0019264 + + gray matter of forebrain + gray matter of forebrain + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:00:32.978381 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + DHBA:10649 + FMA:83913 + uberon + UBERON:0019267 + + gray matter of midbrain + gray matter of midbrain + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:00:32.978143 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + BIRNLEX:1447 + DHBA:12130 + HBA:4900 + uberon + UBERON:0019278 + + inferior rostral gyrus + inferior rostral gyrus + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:00:32.978292 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + BIRNLEX:1311 + DHBA:12129 + HBA:4897 + superior rostral gyrus + uberon + UBERON:0019279 + + superior rostral gyrus + superior rostral gyrus + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:00:32.978179 + + + + + superior rostral gyrus + BIRNLEX:1311 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + DHBA:146034876 + uberon + UBERON:0019280 + + rostral gyrus + rostral gyrus + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:00:32.978166 + + + + + + + + + The optic radiation (also known as the geniculo-calcarine tract or as the geniculostriate pathway) is a collection of axons from relay neurons in the lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus carrying visual information to the visual cortex (also called striate cortex) along the calcarine fissure. There is one such tract on each side of the brain. + DHBA:266441621 + FMA:61941 + HBA:9311 + SCTID:280953008 + Wikipedia:Optic_radiation + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=1440 + Gratiolet's radiation + uberon + archambault%27s loop + genicula-celcarine tract + geniculo-calcarine tract + geniculocalcarine tract + geniculostriate pathway + meyer's loop + optic radiations + radiatio optica + railroad nystagmus + UBERON:0022264 + + optic radiation + optic radiation + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:00:28.561266 + + + + + The optic radiation (also known as the geniculo-calcarine tract or as the geniculostriate pathway) is a collection of axons from relay neurons in the lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus carrying visual information to the visual cortex (also called striate cortex) along the calcarine fissure. There is one such tract on each side of the brain. + Wikipedia:Optic_radiation + + + + + Gratiolet's radiation + FMA:61941 + + + + + archambault%27s loop + Wikipedia:Optic_radiation + + + + + genicula-celcarine tract + Wikipedia:Optic_radiation + + + + + geniculo-calcarine tract + Wikipedia:Optic_radiation + + + + + geniculocalcarine tract + Wikipedia:Optic_radiation + + + + + geniculostriate pathway + Wikipedia:Optic_radiation + + + + + meyer's loop + Wikipedia:Optic_radiation + + + + + optic radiations + Wikipedia:Optic_radiation + + + + + radiatio optica + Wikipedia:Optic_radiation + + + + + railroad nystagmus + Wikipedia:Optic_radiation + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The planum temporale is the cortical area just posterior to the auditory cortex within the Sylvian fissure. It is a triangular region which forms the heart of Wernicke's area, one of the most important functional areas for language. The planum temporale shows a significant asymmetry. In 65% of all individuals the left planum temporale appears to be more developed, while the right planum temporale is more developed in only 10%. In some peoplebs brains, the planum temporale is more than five times larger on the left than on the right, making it the most asymmetrical structure in the brain. This greater size of the left planum temporale compared with the right is already present in the foetus, where it can be observed starting from the 31st week of gestation. This observation strengthens the hypothesis of a genetic predisposition for brain asymmetry. + + DHBA:12145 + HBA:4171 + Wikipedia:Planum_temporale + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2333 + uberon + PLT + UBERON:0022268 + + planum temporale + planum temporale + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:00:32.978242 + + + + + The planum temporale is the cortical area just posterior to the auditory cortex within the Sylvian fissure. It is a triangular region which forms the heart of Wernicke's area, one of the most important functional areas for language. The planum temporale shows a significant asymmetry. In 65% of all individuals the left planum temporale appears to be more developed, while the right planum temporale is more developed in only 10%. In some peoplebs brains, the planum temporale is more than five times larger on the left than on the right, making it the most asymmetrical structure in the brain. This greater size of the left planum temporale compared with the right is already present in the foetus, where it can be observed starting from the 31st week of gestation. This observation strengthens the hypothesis of a genetic predisposition for brain asymmetry. + Wikipedia:Planum_temporale + http://neuro.imm.dtu.dk/wiki/Planum_temporale + + + + + PLT + HBA:PLT + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The splenic (or left colic) flexure is a sharp bend between the transverse and the descending colon in the left upper quadrant of humans. The left colic flexure is near the spleen, and hence called the splenic flexure. There are two colic flexures in the transverse colon &mdash; the other being the hepatic flexure in the right upper quadrant. + FMA:14551 + NCIT:C12267 + SCTID:245428003 + UMLS:C0227387 + Wikipedia:Splenic_flexure + flexura coli splenica + left colic flexure + splenic flexure + splenic flexure of colon + uberon + left colic flexure + UBERON:0022276 + + splenic flexure of colon + splenic flexure of colon + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:07:07.585489 + + + + + The splenic (or left colic) flexure is a sharp bend between the transverse and the descending colon in the left upper quadrant of humans. The left colic flexure is near the spleen, and hence called the splenic flexure. There are two colic flexures in the transverse colon &mdash; the other being the hepatic flexure in the right upper quadrant. + Wikipedia:Splenic_flexure + + + + + flexura coli splenica + FMA:TA + + + + + + left colic flexure + FMA:14551 + + + + + splenic flexure + FMA:14551 + + + + + splenic flexure of colon + FMA:14551 + + + + + left colic flexure + Wikipedia:Splenic_flexure + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Hepatic (or the right colic) flexure is the sharp bend between the ascending and the transverse colon. The right colic flexure is adjacent to the liver, and is therefore also known as the hepatic flexure. Thus, the left colic flexure is also known as the splenic flexure (as it is close to the spleen). The hepatic flexure lies in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen in humans. + FMA:14550 + NCIT:C12266 + SCTID:245427008 + UMLS:C0227385 + Wikipedia:Hepatic_flexure + flexura coli heaptica + hepatic flexure + hepatic flexure of colon + right colic flexure + uberon + right colic flexure + UBERON:0022277 + + hepatic flexure of colon + hepatic flexure of colon + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:07:07.585477 + + + + + Hepatic (or the right colic) flexure is the sharp bend between the ascending and the transverse colon. The right colic flexure is adjacent to the liver, and is therefore also known as the hepatic flexure. Thus, the left colic flexure is also known as the splenic flexure (as it is close to the spleen). The hepatic flexure lies in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen in humans. + Wikipedia:Hepatic_flexure + + + + + flexura coli heaptica + FMA:TA + + + + + + hepatic flexure + FMA:14550 + + + + + hepatic flexure of colon + FMA:14550 + + + + + right colic flexure + FMA:14550 + + + + + right colic flexure + Wikipedia:Hepatic_flexure + + + + + + + + FMA:63628 + uberon + UBERON:0022281 + + epithelium of crypt of Lieberkuhn of large intestine + epithelium of crypt of Lieberkuhn of large intestine + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The layer of endometrial epithelium adjacent to the uterine cavity. + FMA:86492 + NCIT:C32189 + pars basalis of endometrium + stratum basalis of endometrium + uberon + UBERON:0022355 + + basal layer of endometrium + basal layer of endometrium + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:19:59.368979 + + + + + The layer of endometrial epithelium adjacent to the uterine cavity. + Wikipedia:Endometrium#Histology + + + + + stratum basalis of endometrium + FMA:86492 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The layer of endometrial epithelium adjacent to the myometrium. + FMA:86493 + NCIT:C32642 + functional layer of endometrium + stratum functionalis of endometrium + uberon + UBERON:0022356 + + outer layer of endometrium + outer layer of endometrium + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:19:59.368959 + + + + + The layer of endometrial epithelium adjacent to the myometrium. + Wikipedia:Endometrium#Histology + + + + + functional layer of endometrium + FMA:86493 + + + + + stratum functionalis of endometrium + FMA:86493 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + DHBA:12152 + FMA:71033 + http://neuro.imm.dtu.dk/wiki/Occipital_fusiform_gyrus + occipital fusiform gyrus (OF) + occipitotemporal (fusiform) gyrus, occipital part + uberon + FuGo + UBERON:0022364 + + occipital fusiform gyrus + occipital fusiform gyrus + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:00:32.978233 + + + + + occipital fusiform gyrus (OF) + FMA:71033 + + + + + occipitotemporal (fusiform) gyrus, occipital part + DHBA:12152 + + + + + FuGo + DHBA:12152 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The part of the parahippocampal gyrus that includes the perirhinal and entorhinal cortices. + + DHBA:12163 + FMA:71039 + parahippocampal gyrus, anterior division + uberon + APH + UBERON:0022383 + + anterior parahippocampal gyrus + anterior parahippocampal gyrus + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:00:32.978315 + + + + + The part of the parahippocampal gyrus that includes the perirhinal and entorhinal cortices. + Wikipedia:Parahippocampal_gyrus + + + + + parahippocampal gyrus, anterior division + http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6755-0259 + + + + + APH + DHBA:12163 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + DHBA:146034872 + FMA:71037 + paracingulate gyrus (PAC) + uberon + PaCG + UBERON:0022398 + + paracingulate gyrus + paracingulate gyrus + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:00:32.978399 + + + + + paracingulate gyrus (PAC) + FMA:71037 + + + + + PaCG + DHBA:146034872 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A portion of the superior temporal gyrus near the temporal pole in the human. + HBA:4177 + NLX:144291 + http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=2020 + planum polare + uberon + UBERON:0023861 + + planum polare + planum polare + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:00:32.978183 + + + + + A portion of the superior temporal gyrus near the temporal pole in the human. + NLX:144291 + + + + + planum polare + NLX:144291 + + + + + + + + The ventral topographic division of the midbrain; the dorsal topographic division is the tectum. Meckel (1817; see English translation, 1832, vol. 2, p. 467) apparently introduced the term and roughly its definition here for macrodissected adult humans, except he excluded the cerebral peduncle (Tarin, 1753), a white matter tract at the base of the midbrain, which is still common today but is included here. As defined here, tegmentum refers to the whole of the midbrain (Baer, 1837) excluding the tectum but including the pretectal region (Scalia, 1972); see Swanson (2000, pp. 522, 526). Usage of this term is very complex, inconsistent, and illogical; see for example Crosby et al. (1962, pp. 221, 260, 262), Carpenter (1976, p. 367 ff.). + BIRNLEX:1031 + Wikipedia:Tegmentum + tegmentum + uberon + UBERON:0024151 + + tegmentum + tegmentum + + + + + The ventral topographic division of the midbrain; the dorsal topographic division is the tectum. Meckel (1817; see English translation, 1832, vol. 2, p. 467) apparently introduced the term and roughly its definition here for macrodissected adult humans, except he excluded the cerebral peduncle (Tarin, 1753), a white matter tract at the base of the midbrain, which is still common today but is included here. As defined here, tegmentum refers to the whole of the midbrain (Baer, 1837) excluding the tectum but including the pretectal region (Scalia, 1972); see Swanson (2000, pp. 522, 526). Usage of this term is very complex, inconsistent, and illogical; see for example Crosby et al. (1962, pp. 221, 260, 262), Carpenter (1976, p. 367 ff.). + BIRNLEX:1031 + + + + + tegmentum + BIRNLEX:1031 + + + + + tegmentum + BIRNLEX:1031 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The cremasteric artery (external spermatic artery) is a branch of the Inferior epigastric artery which accompanies the spermatic cord, and supplies the Cremaster and other coverings of the cord, anastomosing with the testicular artery (internal spermatic artery in older texts). (In the female, the cremesteric artery is very small and accompanies the round ligament.). + FMA:70192 + SCTID:279658002 + Wikipedia:Cremasteric_artery + cremasteric part of inferior epigastric artery + uberon + external spermatic artery + UBERON:0034693 + + cremasteric artery + cremasteric artery + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:28.519782 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.166217 + + + + + The cremasteric artery (external spermatic artery) is a branch of the Inferior epigastric artery which accompanies the spermatic cord, and supplies the Cremaster and other coverings of the cord, anastomosing with the testicular artery (internal spermatic artery in older texts). (In the female, the cremesteric artery is very small and accompanies the round ligament.). + Wikipedia:Cremasteric_artery + + + + + cremasteric part of inferior epigastric artery + FMA:70192 + + + + + external spermatic artery + Wikipedia:Cremasteric_artery + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The artery of bulb of vestibule is a branch of the internal pudendal artery. + FMA:20900 + SCTID:293541004 + Wikipedia:Artery_of_bulb_of_vestibule + arteria bulbi vestibuli + artery of bulb of vestibule + uberon + UBERON:0034727 + + vestibular bulb artery + vestibular bulb artery + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:28.519334 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.166690 + + + + + The artery of bulb of vestibule is a branch of the internal pudendal artery. + Wikipedia:Artery_of_bulb_of_vestibule + + + + + arteria bulbi vestibuli + FMA:TA + + + + + + artery of bulb of vestibule + FMA:20900 + + + + + + + + EMAPA:37958 + SCTID:181098007 + uberon + UBERON:0034729 + + sympathetic nerve + sympathetic nerve + + + + + EMAPA:37958 + MA:th + + + + + + + + + + + + + + iNS + BM:Tel-Cx-Ins + DHBA:10288 + DMBA:16058 + EMAPA:35432 + FMA:242223 + MA:0000909 + SCTID:369221008 + cortex of insula + insular neocortex + uberon + ICx + gray matter of insula + UBERON:0034891 + + insular cortex + insular cortex + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:00:32.978353 + + + + + iNS + FMA:242223 + FMA:CMA + + + + + + cortex of insula + FMA:242223 + + + + + insular neocortex + DHBA:10288 + + + + + ICx + DHBA:10288 + + + + + + gray matter of insula + FMA:242223 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The arcuate artery of the foot (metatarsal artery) arises a little anterior to the lateral tarsal artery; it passes lateralward, over the bases of the metatarsal bones, beneath the tendons of the Extensor digitorum brevis, its direction being influenced by its point of origin; and its anastomoses with the lateral tarsal and lateral plantar arteries. This vessel gives off the second, third, and fourth dorsal metatarsal arteries. It is not present in all individuals. + FMA:44594 + SCTID:244331005 + Wikipedia:Arcuate_artery_of_the_foot + uberon + UBERON:0034927 + + arcuate artery of foot + arcuate artery of foot + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.167855 + + + + + The arcuate artery of the foot (metatarsal artery) arises a little anterior to the lateral tarsal artery; it passes lateralward, over the bases of the metatarsal bones, beneath the tendons of the Extensor digitorum brevis, its direction being influenced by its point of origin; and its anastomoses with the lateral tarsal and lateral plantar arteries. This vessel gives off the second, third, and fourth dorsal metatarsal arteries. It is not present in all individuals. + Wikipedia:Arcuate_artery_of_the_foot + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An artery that arises from the femoral artery and supplies the abdominal wall. It distributes branches to the superficial subinguinal lymph glands, the superficial fascia, and the integument; it anastomoses with branches of the inferior epigastric, and with its fellow of the opposite side. + FMA:20734 + SCTID:368079006 + Wikipedia:Superficial_epigastric_artery + uberon + UBERON:0034964 + + superficial epigastric artery + superficial epigastric artery + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.166661 + + + + + An artery that arises from the femoral artery and supplies the abdominal wall. It distributes branches to the superficial subinguinal lymph glands, the superficial fascia, and the integument; it anastomoses with branches of the inferior epigastric, and with its fellow of the opposite side. + Wikipedia:Superficial_epigastric_artery + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The middle thyroid vein collects the blood from the lower part of the thyroid gland, and after being joined by some veins from the larynx and trachea, ends in the lower part of the internal jugular vein. + FMA:50823 + SCTID:303422002 + Wikipedia:Middle_thyroid_vein + uberon + UBERON:0034965 + + middle thyroid vein + middle thyroid vein + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.165653 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:38.907881 + + + + + The middle thyroid vein collects the blood from the lower part of the thyroid gland, and after being joined by some veins from the larynx and trachea, ends in the lower part of the internal jugular vein. + Wikipedia:Middle_thyroid_vein + + + + + + + + + + + + + + FMA:50805 + SCTID:158945007 + bulbus superior venae jugularis + superior bulb of jugular vein + uberon + UBERON:0034981 + + superior bulb of internal jugular vein + superior bulb of internal jugular vein + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:28.519610 + + + + + bulbus superior venae jugularis + FMA:TA + + + + + superior bulb of jugular vein + FMA:50805 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + FMA:50807 + SCTID:159029003 + bulbus inferior venae jugularis + inferior bulb of jugular vein + uberon + UBERON:0034982 + + inferior bulb of internal jugular vein + inferior bulb of internal jugular vein + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:28.519626 + + + + + bulbus inferior venae jugularis + FMA:TA + + + + + inferior bulb of jugular vein + FMA:50807 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A nerve plexus which provides motor and sensory nerves for the posterior thigh, most of the lower leg, the entire foot, and part of the pelvis. + FMA:5909 + NCIT:C12846 + SCTID:181056009 + Wikipedia:Sacral_plexus + plexus sacralis + sacral plexus + uberon + plexus sacralis + UBERON:0034986 + + sacral nerve plexus + sacral nerve plexus + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:13:46.282474 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:13:57.536239 + + + + + A nerve plexus which provides motor and sensory nerves for the posterior thigh, most of the lower leg, the entire foot, and part of the pelvis. + Wikipedia:Sacral_plexus + + + + + plexus sacralis + FMA:TA + + + + + sacral plexus + FMA:5909 + + + + + plexus sacralis + Wikipedia:Sacral_plexus + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A nervous plexus in the lumbar region of the body which forms part of the lumbosacral plexus. + FMA:5908 + NCIT:C12845 + SCTID:302506006 + Wikipedia:Lumbar_plexus + lumbar plexus + plexus lumbalis + uberon + femoral plexus + plexus lumbalis + UBERON:0034987 + + lumbar nerve plexus + lumbar nerve plexus + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:13:46.282468 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:13:57.536214 + + + + + A nervous plexus in the lumbar region of the body which forms part of the lumbosacral plexus. + Wikipedia:Lumbar_plexus + + + + + lumbar plexus + FMA:5908 + + + + + plexus lumbalis + FMA:TA + + + + + femoral plexus + Wikipedia:Lumbar_plexus + + + + + plexus lumbalis + Wikipedia:Lumbar_plexus + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The superior rectal artery (superior hemorrhoidal artery) is an artery that descends into the pelvis to supply blood to the rectum. + FMA:14832 + NCIT:C33677 + SCTID:244278008 + Wikipedia:Superior_rectal_artery + superior hemorrhoidal artery + uberon + superior hemorrhoidal + superior hemorrhoidal artery + superior rectal + UBERON:0035040 + + superior rectal artery + superior rectal artery + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:28.519758 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.166281 + + + + + The superior rectal artery (superior hemorrhoidal artery) is an artery that descends into the pelvis to supply blood to the rectum. + Wikipedia:Superior_rectal_artery + + + + + superior hemorrhoidal artery + FMA:14832 + + + + + superior hemorrhoidal + Wikipedia:Superior_rectal_artery + + + + + superior hemorrhoidal artery + Wikipedia:Superior_rectal_artery + + + + + superior rectal + Wikipedia:Superior_rectal_artery + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The middle temporal artery arises immediately above the zygomatic arch, and, perforating the temporal fascia, gives branches to the Temporalis, anastomosing with the deep temporal branches of the internal maxillary. It occasionally gives off a zygomaticoC6rbital branch, which runs along the upper border of the zygomatic arch, between the two layers of the temporal fascia, to the lateral angle of the orbit. + FMA:49666 + SCTID:146854006 + Wikipedia:Middle_temporal_artery + uberon + middle temporal artery + UBERON:0035042 + + middle temporal artery + middle temporal artery + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:28.519660 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.166400 + + + + + The middle temporal artery arises immediately above the zygomatic arch, and, perforating the temporal fascia, gives branches to the Temporalis, anastomosing with the deep temporal branches of the internal maxillary. It occasionally gives off a zygomaticoC6rbital branch, which runs along the upper border of the zygomatic arch, between the two layers of the temporal fascia, to the lateral angle of the orbit. + Wikipedia:Middle_temporal_artery + + + + + middle temporal artery + Wikipedia:Middle_temporal_artery + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The Superior Cerebral Veins, eight to twelve in number, drain the superior, lateral, and medial surfaces of the hemispheres, and are mainly lodged in the sulci between the gyri, but some run across the gyri. They open into the superior sagittal sinus; the anterior veins runs nearly at right angles to the sinus; the posterior and larger veins are directed obliquely forward and open into the sinus in a direction more or less opposed to the current of the blood contained within it. + FMA:50978 + SCTID:244393005 + Wikipedia:Superior_cerebral_veins + uberon + superior cerebral vein + UBERON:0035150 + + superior cerebral vein + superior cerebral vein + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.166925 + + + + + The Superior Cerebral Veins, eight to twelve in number, drain the superior, lateral, and medial surfaces of the hemispheres, and are mainly lodged in the sulci between the gyri, but some run across the gyri. They open into the superior sagittal sinus; the anterior veins runs nearly at right angles to the sinus; the posterior and larger veins are directed obliquely forward and open into the sinus in a direction more or less opposed to the current of the blood contained within it. + Wikipedia:Superior_cerebral_veins + + + + + superior cerebral vein + Wikipedia:Superior_cerebral_veins + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The internal cerebral veins (veins of Galen; deep cerebral veins) drain the deep parts of the hemisphere and are two in number; each is formed near the interventricular foramen by the union of the terminal and choroid veins. They run backward parallel with one another, between the layers of the tela chorioidea of the third ventricle, and beneath the splenium of the corpus callosum, where they unite to form a short trunk, the great cerebral vein; just before their union each receives the corresponding basal vein. + FMA:51003 + NCIT:C32838 + SCTID:244397006 + UMLS:C0149579 + Wikipedia:Internal_cerebral_veins + uberon + internal cerebral vein + UBERON:0035152 + + internal cerebral vein + internal cerebral vein + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.167931 + + + + + The internal cerebral veins (veins of Galen; deep cerebral veins) drain the deep parts of the hemisphere and are two in number; each is formed near the interventricular foramen by the union of the terminal and choroid veins. They run backward parallel with one another, between the layers of the tela chorioidea of the third ventricle, and beneath the splenium of the corpus callosum, where they unite to form a short trunk, the great cerebral vein; just before their union each receives the corresponding basal vein. + Wikipedia:Internal_cerebral_veins + + + + + internal cerebral vein + Wikipedia:Internal_cerebral_veins + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The sigmoid arteries, two or three in number, run obliquely downward and to the left behind the peritoneum and in front of the Psoas major, ureter, and internal spermatic vessels. Their branches supply the lower part of the descending colon, the iliac colon, and the sigmoid or pelvic colon; anastomosing above with the left colic, and below with the superior hemorrhoidal artery. + FMA:14830 + NCIT:C33549 + SCTID:265956005 + UMLS:C0226330 + Wikipedia:Sigmoid_arteries + inferior left colic artery + uberon + UBERON:0035180 + + sigmoid artery + sigmoid artery + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:28.519630 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.168078 + + + + + The sigmoid arteries, two or three in number, run obliquely downward and to the left behind the peritoneum and in front of the Psoas major, ureter, and internal spermatic vessels. Their branches supply the lower part of the descending colon, the iliac colon, and the sigmoid or pelvic colon; anastomosing above with the left colic, and below with the superior hemorrhoidal artery. + Wikipedia:Sigmoid_arteries + + + + + inferior left colic artery + FMA:14830 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An artery that branches from the medial occipital artery that aligns with the calcarine sulcus. + FMA:50655 + NCIT:C32251 + SCTID:2703009 + UMLS:C0226253 + calcarine branch of medial occipital artery + ramus calcarinus (arteria occipitalis medialis) + uberon + UBERON:0035183 + + calcarine artery + calcarine artery + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.168151 + + + + + An artery that branches from the medial occipital artery that aligns with the calcarine sulcus. + ncithesaurus:Calcarine_Artery + + + + + calcarine branch of medial occipital artery + FMA:50655 + + + + + ramus calcarinus (arteria occipitalis medialis) + FMA:50655 + FMA:TA + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The plantar metatarsal arteries (digital branches) are four in number, and run forward between the metatarsal bones and in contact with the Interossei. Each divides into a pair of plantar digital arteries which supply the adjacent sides of the toes. Near their points of division each sends upward an anterior perforating branch to join the corresponding dorsal metatarsal artery. The first plantar metatarsal artery (arteria princeps hallucis) springs from the junction between the lateral plantar and deep plantar arteries and sends a digital branch to the medial side of the first toe. The digital branch for the lateral side of the fifth toe arise from the lateral plantar artery near the base of the fifth metatarsal bone. + FMA:43956 + NCIT:C52743 + SCTID:244343006 + UMLS:C0226480 + Wikipedia:Plantar_metatarsal_arteries + plantar metatarsal branch of plantar arch + uberon + UBERON:0035195 + + plantar metatarsal artery + plantar metatarsal artery + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.167821 + + + + + The plantar metatarsal arteries (digital branches) are four in number, and run forward between the metatarsal bones and in contact with the Interossei. Each divides into a pair of plantar digital arteries which supply the adjacent sides of the toes. Near their points of division each sends upward an anterior perforating branch to join the corresponding dorsal metatarsal artery. The first plantar metatarsal artery (arteria princeps hallucis) springs from the junction between the lateral plantar and deep plantar arteries and sends a digital branch to the medial side of the first toe. The digital branch for the lateral side of the fifth toe arise from the lateral plantar artery near the base of the fifth metatarsal bone. + Wikipedia:Plantar_metatarsal_arteries + + + + + plantar metatarsal branch of plantar arch + FMA:43956 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + FMA:50488 + NCIT:C33372 + SCTID:44894007 + UMLS:C0226227 + uberon + UBERON:0035222 + + posterior parietal artery + posterior parietal artery + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:28.519435 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.168353 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A branch of the middle cerebral artery that supplies blood to the anterior part of the temporal lobe. + FMA:50382 + NCIT:C32113 + SCTID:44310009 + UMLS:C0226228 + uberon + UBERON:0035225 + + anterior temporal artery + anterior temporal artery + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:28.519736 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.166325 + + + + + A branch of the middle cerebral artery that supplies blood to the anterior part of the temporal lobe. + ncithesaurus:Anterior_Temporal_Artery + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A vein that runs along the fissure of Sylvius to the cavernous sinus on the lateral surface of the brain and connects to the superior sagittal and transverse sinuses. + FMA:50983 + NCIT:C33664 + SCTID:308729005 + UMLS:C0039027 + Wikipedia:Superficial_middle_cerebral_vein + Sylvian vein + vein of Labbe + uberon + UBERON:0035231 + + superficial middle cerebral vein + superficial middle cerebral vein + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.165938 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:48.278322 + + + + + A vein that runs along the fissure of Sylvius to the cavernous sinus on the lateral surface of the brain and connects to the superior sagittal and transverse sinuses. + ncithesaurus:Superficial_Middle_Cerebral_Vein + + + + + Sylvian vein + FMA:50983 + + + + + vein of Labbe + FMA:50983 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A circumflex femoral vein that accompanies the medial circumflex femoral artery. + FMA:44325 + NCIT:C52688 + SCTID:35235007 + UMLS:C1708952 + uberon + UBERON:0035234 + + medial circumflex femoral vein + medial circumflex femoral vein + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.166749 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:48.278389 + + + + + A circumflex femoral vein that accompanies the medial circumflex femoral artery. + ncithesaurus:Medial_Femoral_Vein + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A vein that drains the superficial muscles and integument of the upper back portion of the neck into the external jugular vein. + FMA:14318 + NCIT:C33360 + SCTID:59579009 + UMLS:C0226546 + Wikipedia:Posterior_external_jugular_vein + uberon + UBERON:0035249 + + posterior external jugular vein + posterior external jugular vein + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.166230 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:48.278408 + + + + + A vein that drains the superficial muscles and integument of the upper back portion of the neck into the external jugular vein. + ncithesaurus:Posterior_External_Jugular_Vein + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A vein that extends along the bottom of the twelfth rib on the left side of the body. + FMA:4951 + NCIT:C53125 + SCTID:361639006 + UMLS:C0501289 + vena subcostalis sinistra + uberon + UBERON:0035252 + + left subcostal vein + left subcostal vein + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.168374 + + + + + A vein that extends along the bottom of the twelfth rib on the left side of the body. + ncithesaurus:Left_Subcostal_Vein + + + + + vena subcostalis sinistra + FMA:4951 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + FMA:50458 + NCIT:C33384 + SCTID:23830002 + UMLS:C0226229 + uberon + UBERON:0035261 + + posterior temporal artery + posterior temporal artery + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.166816 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The superior thoracic artery (highest thoracic artery) is a small vessel normally arising from the first division of the axillary artery, but may arise from the thoracoacromial artery, itself a branch of the second division of the axillary artery. Running forward and medialward along the upper border of the pectoralis minor, the superior thoracic artery passes between it and the pectoralis major to the side of the chest. It supplies branches to the first and second intercostal spaces as well as to the superior portion of serratus anterior. It anastomoses with the internal mammary and intercostal arteries. + FMA:22668 + NCIT:C33701 + SCTID:198713000 + UMLS:C0226419 + Wikipedia:Superior_thoracic_artery + uberon + UBERON:0035273 + + superior thoracic artery + superior thoracic artery + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:28.519518 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.167468 + + + + + The superior thoracic artery (highest thoracic artery) is a small vessel normally arising from the first division of the axillary artery, but may arise from the thoracoacromial artery, itself a branch of the second division of the axillary artery. Running forward and medialward along the upper border of the pectoralis minor, the superior thoracic artery passes between it and the pectoralis major to the side of the chest. It supplies branches to the first and second intercostal spaces as well as to the superior portion of serratus anterior. It anastomoses with the internal mammary and intercostal arteries. + Wikipedia:Superior_thoracic_artery + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + FMA:14765 + NCIT:C33474 + SCTID:283392005 + UMLS:C0226362 + trunk of right common iliac arterial tree + uberon + UBERON:0035322 + + right common iliac artery + right common iliac artery + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:28.519238 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.168392 + + + + + trunk of right common iliac arterial tree + FMA:14765 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A vein running parallel to the right coronary artery in the coronary sulcus that drains into the right extremity of the coronary sinus. + FMA:4714 + NCIT:C12881 + SCTID:277730007 + UMLS:C0226661 + Wikipedia:Small_cardiac_vein + right cardiac vein + uberon + UBERON:0035374 + + small cardiac vein + small cardiac vein + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.167804 + + + + + A vein running parallel to the right coronary artery in the coronary sulcus that drains into the right extremity of the coronary sinus. + ncithesaurus:Small_Cardiac_Vein + + + + + right cardiac vein + FMA:4714 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A blood vessel carrying deoxygenated blood from the gallbladder and the cystic duct into the right branch of the portal vein. + FMA:15403 + NCIT:C32422 + SCTID:281059001 + UMLS:C0226741 + Wikipedia:Cystic_vein + cholecystic vein + uberon + UBERON:0035392 + + cystic vein + cystic vein + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.167832 + + + + + A blood vessel carrying deoxygenated blood from the gallbladder and the cystic duct into the right branch of the portal vein. + ncithesaurus:Cystic_Vein + + + + + cholecystic vein + FMA:15403 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The superior hypophysial artery is an artery supplying the pars tuberalis,the infundibulum of the pituitary gland and the median eminence. It is a branch of the posterior communicating artery which branches from the internal carotid artery in the circle of Willis.. + FMA:49849 + NCIT:C33678 + SCTID:303427008 + UMLS:C1261387 + Wikipedia:Superior_hypophysial_artery + superior hypophyseal artery + uberon + UBERON:0035404 + + superior hypophysial artery + superior hypophysial artery + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:28.519527 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.166303 + + + + + The superior hypophysial artery is an artery supplying the pars tuberalis,the infundibulum of the pituitary gland and the median eminence. It is a branch of the posterior communicating artery which branches from the internal carotid artery in the circle of Willis.. + Wikipedia:Superior_hypophysial_artery + + + + + superior hypophyseal artery + FMA:49849 + + + + + + + + Branch of left coronary artery which runs perpendicular to the anterior interventricular branch of the left coronary artery on the left side of the interventricular sulcus and supplies the left side of the heart. + FMA:3895 + NCIT:C12874 + SCTID:362036002 + UMLS:C0226037 + Wikipedia:Circumflex_branch_of_left_coronary_artery + circumflex coronary artery + left circumflex branch of left coronary artery + ramus circumflexus (arteria coronaria sinistra) + uberon + UBERON:0035422 + + circumflex branch of left coronary artery + circumflex branch of left coronary artery + + + + + Branch of left coronary artery which runs perpendicular to the anterior interventricular branch of the left coronary artery on the left side of the interventricular sulcus and supplies the left side of the heart. + FMA:3895 + + + + + circumflex coronary artery + FMA:3895 + + + + + left circumflex branch of left coronary artery + FMA:3895 + + + + + ramus circumflexus (arteria coronaria sinistra) + FMA:3895 + FMA:TA + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A vein that drains blood from the right adrenal gland into the inferior vena cava. + FMA:14343 + NCIT:C53131 + SCTID:69354005 + UMLS:C0226721 + vena suprarenalis (adrenalis) dextra + uberon + UBERON:0035435 + + right suprarenal vein + right suprarenal vein + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.166172 + + + + + A vein that drains blood from the right adrenal gland into the inferior vena cava. + ncithesaurus:Right_Suprarenal_Vein + + + + + vena suprarenalis (adrenalis) dextra + FMA:14343 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The artery that delivers blood to the anterior portion of the parietal lobe. + FMA:50485 + NCIT:C32101 + SCTID:78499006 + UMLS:C0226226 + uberon + UBERON:0035462 + + anterior parietal artery + anterior parietal artery + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:28.519618 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.165664 + + + + + The artery that delivers blood to the anterior portion of the parietal lobe. + ncithesaurus:Anterior_Parietal_Artery + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A vein that extends along the bottom of the twelfth rib on the right side of the body. + FMA:4844 + NCIT:C53123 + SCTID:361638003 + UMLS:C0501189 + vena subcostalis dextra + uberon + UBERON:0035474 + + right subcostal vein + right subcostal vein + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.166365 + + + + + A vein that extends along the bottom of the twelfth rib on the right side of the body. + ncithesaurus:Right_Subcostal_Vein + + + + + vena subcostalis dextra + FMA:4844 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A vein that drains blood from the left adrenal gland into the left renal artery. + FMA:14349 + NCIT:C53138 + SCTID:85087001 + UMLS:C0226709 + Wikipedia:Suprarenal_veins + uberon + UBERON:0035483 + + left suprarenal vein + left suprarenal vein + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.166007 + + + + + A vein that drains blood from the left adrenal gland into the left renal artery. + ncithesaurus:Left_Suprarenal_Vein + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The inferior hypophysial artery is an artery supplying the pituitary gland. It is a branch of the cavernous carotid artery (internal carotid artery). + FMA:49846 + NCIT:C32777 + SCTID:303428003 + UMLS:C1261083 + Wikipedia:Inferior_hypophysial_artery + inferior hypophyseal artery + uberon + UBERON:0035492 + + inferior hypophysial artery + inferior hypophysial artery + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.168099 + + + + + The inferior hypophysial artery is an artery supplying the pituitary gland. It is a branch of the cavernous carotid artery (internal carotid artery). + Wikipedia:Inferior_hypophysial_artery + + + + + inferior hypophyseal artery + FMA:49846 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The concave side of the lymph node. + FMA:62842 + NCIT:C33031 + SCTID:327052008 + UMLS:C0229703 + hilum nodi lymphoidei + lymph node hilum + uberon + UBERON:0035495 + + hilum of lymph node + hilum of lymph node + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:10:35.184942 + + + + + The concave side of the lymph node. + ncithesaurus:Lymph_Node_Hilum + + + + + hilum nodi lymphoidei + FMA:62842 + FMA:TA + + + + + + lymph node hilum + FMA:62842 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + FMA:14766 + NCIT:C32957 + SCTID:283493001 + UMLS:C0226363 + trunk of left common iliac arterial tree + uberon + UBERON:0035529 + + left common iliac artery + left common iliac artery + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:28.519547 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.166667 + + + + + trunk of left common iliac arterial tree + FMA:14766 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The basal vein is formed at the anterior perforated substance by the union of (a) a small anterior cerebral vein which accompanies the anterior cerebral artery and supplies the medial surface of the frontal lobe by the fronto-basal vein. (b) the deep middle cerebral vein (deep Sylvian vein), which receives tributaries from the insula and neighboring gyri, and runs in the lower part of the lateral cerebral fissure, and (c) the inferior striate veins, which leave the corpus striatum through the anterior perforated substance. The basal vein passes backward around the cerebral peduncle, and ends in the internal cerebral vein; it receives tributaries from the interpeduncular fossa, the inferior horn of the lateral ventricle, the hippocampal gyrus, and the mid-brain. + FMA:50990 + SCTID:244398001 + Wikipedia:Basal_vein + basal vein of rosenthal + rosenthal's vein + uberon + basal veins + inferior striate vein + inferior striate veins + UBERON:0035530 + + basal vein + basal vein + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.166178 + + + + + The basal vein is formed at the anterior perforated substance by the union of (a) a small anterior cerebral vein which accompanies the anterior cerebral artery and supplies the medial surface of the frontal lobe by the fronto-basal vein. (b) the deep middle cerebral vein (deep Sylvian vein), which receives tributaries from the insula and neighboring gyri, and runs in the lower part of the lateral cerebral fissure, and (c) the inferior striate veins, which leave the corpus striatum through the anterior perforated substance. The basal vein passes backward around the cerebral peduncle, and ends in the internal cerebral vein; it receives tributaries from the interpeduncular fossa, the inferior horn of the lateral ventricle, the hippocampal gyrus, and the mid-brain. + Wikipedia:Basal_vein + + + + + basal vein of rosenthal + FMA:50990 + + + + + rosenthal's vein + FMA:50990 + + + + + basal veins + Wikipedia:Basal_vein + + + + + inferior striate vein + Wikipedia:Basal_vein + + + + + inferior striate veins + Wikipedia:Basal_vein + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The blood vessel that receives deoxygenated blood from the insula and gyri and drains into the basal vein of Rosenthal deep in the lateral sulcus. + FMA:51309 + NCIT:C32440 + SCTID:279272001 + UMLS:C0226586 + Wikipedia:Deep_middle_cerebral_vein + uberon + UBERON:0035532 + + deep middle cerebral vein + deep middle cerebral vein + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.167735 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:48.278373 + + + + + The blood vessel that receives deoxygenated blood from the insula and gyri and drains into the basal vein of Rosenthal deep in the lateral sulcus. + ncithesaurus:Deep_Middle_Cerebral_Vein + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any of several arteries that arise from the aorta and supply blood to the esophagus. + FMA:4149 + NCIT:C32535 + SCTID:56548006 + UMLS:C0226294 + aortic esophageal artery + oesophageal artery + uberon + UBERON:0035539 + + esophageal artery + esophageal artery + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.166777 + + + + + Any of several arteries that arise from the aorta and supply blood to the esophagus. + ncithesaurus:Esophageal_Artery + + + + + aortic esophageal artery + FMA:4149 + + + + + oesophageal artery + FMA:4149 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The outer layer of the choroid (lamina vasculosa) consists, in part, of the larger branches of the short ciliary arteries which run forward between the veins, before they bend inward to end in the capillaries, but is formed principally of veins, named, from their arrangement, the vorticose veins. They converge to four or five equidistant trunks, which pierce the sclera about midway between the sclero-corneal junction and the entrance of the optic nerve. They drain uveal tract. + FMA:51796 + SCTID:361319002 + SCTID:368813004 + Wikipedia:Vorticose_veins + vorticose vein + uberon + posterior veins + venae vorticasae + venae vorticosae + venea vorticosae + vortex vein + vortex veins + vorticosae + vorticose vein + UBERON:0035547 + + posterior ciliary vein + posterior ciliary vein + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.168386 + + + + + The outer layer of the choroid (lamina vasculosa) consists, in part, of the larger branches of the short ciliary arteries which run forward between the veins, before they bend inward to end in the capillaries, but is formed principally of veins, named, from their arrangement, the vorticose veins. They converge to four or five equidistant trunks, which pierce the sclera about midway between the sclero-corneal junction and the entrance of the optic nerve. They drain uveal tract. + Wikipedia:Vorticose_veins + + + + + vorticose vein + FMA:51796 + + + + + posterior veins + Wikipedia:Vorticose_veins + + + + + venae vorticasae + Wikipedia:Vorticose_veins + + + + + venae vorticosae + Wikipedia:Vorticose_veins + + + + + venea vorticosae + Wikipedia:Vorticose_veins + + + + + vortex vein + Wikipedia:Vorticose_veins + + + + + vortex veins + Wikipedia:Vorticose_veins + + + + + vorticosae + Wikipedia:Vorticose_veins + + + + + vorticose vein + Wikipedia:Vorticose_veins + + + + + + + + The part of the circulatory system that lies within the subcutaneous tissue layers close to the surface of the skin. + FMA:225275 + superficial part of circulatory system + superficial vasculature + dermis vasculature + hypodermis vasculature + uberon + skin vasculature + subcutaneous vasculature + vasculature of skin + UBERON:0035549 + + vasculature of integument + vasculature of integument + + + + + The part of the circulatory system that lies within the subcutaneous tissue layers close to the surface of the skin. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 + + + + + vasculature of skin + FMA:225275 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The middle vesical artery, usually a branch of the superior vesical artery, is distributed to the fundus of the bladder and the seminal vesicles. + Wikipedia:Middle_vesical_artery + uberon + UBERON:0035640 + This artery is not usually described in modern anatomy textbooks. Instead, it is described that the superior vesical artery may exist as multiple vessels that arise from a common origin + + middle vesical artery + middle vesical artery + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.166793 + + + + + The middle vesical artery, usually a branch of the superior vesical artery, is distributed to the fundus of the bladder and the seminal vesicles. + Wikipedia:Middle_vesical_artery + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The small superficial veins that arise from the cutaneous veins, and run from the umbilicus along the round ligament of the liver; these terminate as accessory portal veins in the liver. + EMAPA:37228 + FMA:71591 + SCTID:286094009 + Wikipedia:Paraumbilical_vein + venae paraumbilicales + uberon + para-umbilical vein + para-umbilical veins + para-umbilical veins set + paraumbilical vasculature + parumbilical vein + parumbilical veins + vein of Sappey + veins of Sappey + UBERON:0035655 + + paraumbilical vein + paraumbilical vein + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.166336 + + + + + The small superficial veins that arise from the cutaneous veins, and run from the umbilicus along the round ligament of the liver; these terminate as accessory portal veins in the liver. + ISBN:0683400088 + MGI:cs + PMID:7400038 + https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/1134 + + + + + EMAPA:37228 + MA:th + + + + + venae paraumbilicales + FMA:TA + + + + + + para-umbilical vein + Wikipedia:Paraumbilical_vein + + + + + para-umbilical veins + FMA:71591 + + + + + + para-umbilical veins set + FMA:71591 + + + + + + parumbilical vein + Wikipedia:Paraumbilical_vein + + + + + parumbilical veins + Wikipedia:Paraumbilical_vein + + + + + + vein of Sappey + FMA:71591 + + + + + veins of Sappey + FMA:71591 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The anterior facial vein receives a branch of considerable size, the deep facial vein, from the pterygoid venous plexus. + FMA:50916 + Wikipedia:Deep_facial_vein + uberon + UBERON:0035659 + + deep facial vein + deep facial vein + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.166476 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:48.278370 + + + + + The anterior facial vein receives a branch of considerable size, the deep facial vein, from the pterygoid venous plexus. + Wikipedia:Deep_facial_vein + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + FMA:50919 + anterior parotid vein + parotid branch of facial vein + uberon + UBERON:0035662 + + parotid vein + parotid vein + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.165641 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:48.278434 + + + + + anterior parotid vein + FMA:50919 + + + + + parotid branch of facial vein + FMA:50919 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The coccygeal plexus is a plexus of nerves near the coccyx bone. + FMA:45356 + SCTID:280355009 + Wikipedia:Coccygeal_plexus + coccygeal plexus + plexus coccygeus + uberon + UBERON:0035768 + + coccygeal nerve plexus + coccygeal nerve plexus + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:13:46.282481 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:13:57.536242 + + + + + The coccygeal plexus is a plexus of nerves near the coccyx bone. + Wikipedia:Coccygeal_plexus + + + + + coccygeal plexus + FMA:45356 + + + + + plexus coccygeus + FMA:TA + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Artery that runs from right to left along the greater curvature of the stomach, between the layers of the greater omentum, anastomosing with the left gastroepiploic branch of the splenic artery. + FMA:14781 + SCTID:244271002 + Wikipedia:Right_gastro-omental_artery + arteria gastro-omentalis dextra + arteria gastroepiploica dextra + arteria gastroomentalis dextra + right gastro-epiploic artery + right gastro-omental artery + right gastroomental artery + uberon + right gastroepiploic + right gastroepiploic artery + UBERON:0035829 + + right gastroepiploic artery + right gastroepiploic artery + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:28.519581 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.167769 + + + + + Artery that runs from right to left along the greater curvature of the stomach, between the layers of the greater omentum, anastomosing with the left gastroepiploic branch of the splenic artery. + Wikipedia:Right_gastro-omental_artery + + + + + arteria gastro-omentalis dextra + Wikipedia:Right_gastro-omental_artery + + + + + + arteria gastroepiploica dextra + Wikipedia:Right_gastro-omental_artery + + + + + + arteria gastroomentalis dextra + Wikipedia:Right_gastro-omental_artery + + + + + + right gastro-epiploic artery + FMA:14781 + + + + + right gastro-omental artery + FMA:14781 + + + + + right gastroomental artery + FMA:14781 + + + + + right gastroepiploic + Wikipedia:Right_gastro-omental_artery + + + + + right gastroepiploic artery + Wikipedia:Right_gastro-omental_artery + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Artery that runs from left to right along the greater curvature of the stomach, between the layers of the greater omentum, and anastomoses with the right gastroepiploic. + FMA:14796 + SCTID:244270001 + Wikipedia:Left_gastro-omental_artery + arteria gastro-omentalis sinistra + arteria gastroepiploica sinistra + arteria gastroomentalis sinistra + left gastro-epiploic artery + left gastro-omental artery + left gastroomental artery + left inferior gastric artery + uberon + left gastroepiploic artery + left gastroepiploic branch + UBERON:0035830 + + left gastroepiploic artery + left gastroepiploic artery + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:28.519380 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.166103 + + + + + Artery that runs from left to right along the greater curvature of the stomach, between the layers of the greater omentum, and anastomoses with the right gastroepiploic. + Wikipedia:Left_gastro-omental_artery + + + + + arteria gastro-omentalis sinistra + Wikipedia:Left_gastro-omental_artery + + + + + + arteria gastroepiploica sinistra + Wikipedia:Left_gastro-omental_artery + + + + + + arteria gastroomentalis sinistra + Wikipedia:Left_gastro-omental_artery + + + + + + left gastro-epiploic artery + FMA:14796 + + + + + left gastro-omental artery + FMA:14796 + + + + + left gastroomental artery + FMA:14796 + + + + + left inferior gastric artery + FMA:14796 + + + + + left gastroepiploic artery + Wikipedia:Left_gastro-omental_artery + + + + + left gastroepiploic branch + Wikipedia:Left_gastro-omental_artery + + + + + + + + + + + + + + FMA:273508 + HBA:4071 + anterior part of paracentral lobule + medial segment of precentral gyrus + paracentral lobule, anterior part + uberon + PCLa + UBERON:0035932 + + anterior segment of paracentral lobule + anterior segment of paracentral lobule + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:00:32.978376 + + + + + anterior part of paracentral lobule + FMA:273508 + + + + + medial segment of precentral gyrus + FMA:273508 + + + + + paracentral lobule, anterior part + HBA:4071 + + + + + PCLa + HBA:4071 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A vein that leaves the vestibule through an individual bone canal running parallel to the vestibular aqueduct up to the dura of the posterior side of the petrosa in the area of the endolymphatic sac. It then opens in the inferior petrosal sinus or the jugular bulb. The vein receives other branches from the bone, dura and sac. + FMA:52367 + vena aqueductus vestibuli + vestibular aqueduct vein + uberon + UBERON:0036074 + + vein of vestibular aqueduct + vein of vestibular aqueduct + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.165693 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:48.278463 + + + + + A vein that leaves the vestibule through an individual bone canal running parallel to the vestibular aqueduct up to the dura of the posterior side of the petrosa in the area of the endolymphatic sac. It then opens in the inferior petrosal sinus or the jugular bulb. The vein receives other branches from the bone, dura and sac. + PMID:42339 + + + + + vena aqueductus vestibuli + FMA:TA + + + + + + vestibular aqueduct vein + FMA:52367 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + FMA:51892 + SCTID:731368004 + central retinal venous tributary + uberon + UBERON:0036300 + + tributary of central retinal vein + tributary of central retinal vein + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.165789 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:48.278392 + + + + + central retinal venous tributary + FMA:51892 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + FMA:15890 + left ureteral wall + uberon + UBERON:0036376 + + wall of left ureter + wall of left ureter + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:18:38.847191 + + + + + left ureteral wall + FMA:15890 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The parenchyma of the spleen, consisting of lymphocytes and macrophages. It lies between the splenic trabecula. Red pulp is the part suffused with blood and white pulp consists of areas of lymphatic tissue where there are sleeves of lymphocytes and macrophages. + EMAPA:35805 + FMA:15845 + MA:0002487 + NCIT:C33603 + SCTID:13515001 + UMLS:C0229691 + Malpighian corpuscles + pulp of spleen + splenic pulp + uberon + UBERON:1000023 + + spleen pulp + spleen pulp + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:16:56.115472 + + + + + The parenchyma of the spleen, consisting of lymphocytes and macrophages. It lies between the splenic trabecula. Red pulp is the part suffused with blood and white pulp consists of areas of lymphatic tissue where there are sleeves of lymphocytes and macrophages. + ncithesaurus:Splenic_Pulp + + + + + UMLS:C0229691 + ncithesaurus:Splenic_Pulp + + + + + Malpighian corpuscles + FMA:15845 + + + + + + + + + This class was sourced from an external ontology (teleost_anatomy). Its definitions, naming conventions and relationships may need to be checked for compatibility with uberon + teleost_anatomy_curators + ZFA:0001571 + uberon + UBERON:2001571 + + postovulatory follicle + postovulatory follicle + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:12:05.187772 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Portion of the pancreatic duct, external to the pancreas body that connects the pancreas with the hepatopancreatic ampulla. + This class was sourced from an external ontology (teleost_anatomy). Its definitions, naming conventions and relationships may need to be checked for compatibility with uberon + teleost_anatomy_curators + ZFA:0005346 + uberon + UBERON:2005346 + + extrapancreatic duct + extrapancreatic duct + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:12:51.607385 + + + + + Portion of the pancreatic duct, external to the pancreas body that connects the pancreas with the hepatopancreatic ampulla. + ZFIN:ZDB-PUB-050623-3 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + This class was sourced from an external ontology (amphibian_anatomy). Its definitions, naming conventions and relationships may need to be checked for compatibility with uberon + amphibian_anatomy_curators + uberon + UBERON:3010417 + + posterior palatine artery + posterior palatine artery + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:21:57.168163 + + + + + + + + The anatomical junction between the duodenum and the jejunum. + FMA:15957 + TA2:2952 + WikipediaVersioned:Duodenojejunal_flexure&oldid=937307798 + https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4183-8865 + duodeno-jejunal flexure + duodenojejunal flexure + duodenojejunal junction + flexura duodenojejunalis + uberon + UBERON:8410000 + + duodeno-jejunal junction + duodeno-jejunal junction + + + + + The anatomical junction between the duodenum and the jejunum. + PMID:23961897 + PMID:29064554 + + + + + flexura duodenojejunalis + Wikipedia:Duodenojejunal_flexure + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A fringe of tissue around the ostium of the fallopian tube, in the direction of the ovary. + Mammalia + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2825-0621 + FMA:18308 + http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7505-5418 + fimbria of fallopian tube + fimbriae of fallopian tube + fimbriae of uterine tube + uberon + UBERON:8410010 + + + fimbria of uterine tube + fimbria of uterine tube + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:03:07.344867 + + + + + A fringe of tissue around the ostium of the fallopian tube, in the direction of the ovary. + WikipediaVersioned:Fallopian_tube&oldid=998395727 + + + + + + + + The trabecular sinus is the lymph-filled space outside the trabeculae between lobules of the lymph node. This is a continuation of the subcapsular sinus which receives the afferent vessels and is present beneath the capsule. This space is traversed by both reticular fibers and cells in the lymph. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2825-0621 + lymph node trabecular sinus + uberon + UBERON:8410032 + + trabecular sinus of lymph node + trabecular sinus of lymph node + + + + + The trabecular sinus is the lymph-filled space outside the trabeculae between lobules of the lymph node. This is a continuation of the subcapsular sinus which receives the afferent vessels and is present beneath the capsule. This space is traversed by both reticular fibers and cells in the lymph. + PMID:32491649 + WikipediaVersioned:Lymph_node&oldid=1020495758 + http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4183-8865/ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A vein where lymph node venules condense and which exits at the lymph node hilum. It is also called hilar vein. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2825-0621 + hilar vein of lymph node + vein of lymph node + uberon + UBERON:8410033 + + lymph node vein + lymph node vein + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:10:43.520160 + + + + + A vein where lymph node venules condense and which exits at the lymph node hilum. It is also called hilar vein. + PMID:17067937 + WikipediaVersioned:Lymph_node&oldid=1001655735#Structure + http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3440-1876 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An artery that enters the lymph node at the hilum and branches into smaller arterioles. + artery of lymph node + hilar artery of lymph node + uberon + UBERON:8410034 + + lymph node artery + lymph node artery + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:10:43.520170 + + + + + An artery that enters the lymph node at the hilum and branches into smaller arterioles. + PMID:17067937 + WikipediaVersioned:Lymph_node&oldid=1001655735#Structure + http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3440-1876 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An arteriole that arises from the hilar artery of a lymph node and radiates centrifugally, branching in the medulla. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2825-0621 + arteriole of medulla of lymph node + uberon + UBERON:8410035 + + medullary arteriole of lymph node + medullary arteriole of lymph node + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:10:35.184948 + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:10:43.520154 + + + + + An arteriole that arises from the hilar artery of a lymph node and radiates centrifugally, branching in the medulla. + PMID:17067937 + http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3440-1876 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Medullary venules are a continuation of high endothelial venules which condense repeatedly in the interfollicular cortex and peripheral deep cortical unit and then transition to medullary venules at the corticomedullary junction. The medullary venules condense and return centripetally to the hilar vein. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2825-0621 + venule of medulla of lymph node + uberon + UBERON:8410036 + + medullary venule of lymph node + medullary venule of lymph node + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:10:43.520060 + + + + + Medullary venules are a continuation of high endothelial venules which condense repeatedly in the interfollicular cortex and peripheral deep cortical unit and then transition to medullary venules at the corticomedullary junction. The medullary venules condense and return centripetally to the hilar vein. + PMID:17067937 + http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3440-1876 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A high endothelial venule that is part of a of lymph node. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2825-0621 + lymph node high endothelial venule + uberon + UBERON:8410038 + + high endothelial venule of lymph node + high endothelial venule of lymph node + + + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:10:43.520165 - + - A plasmacytoid dendritic cell with the phenotype HLA-DRA-positive, CD123-positive, and CD11c-negative. - GOC:add - PMID:22343568 - - - - - plasmacytoid dendritic cell - PMID:22343568 + A high endothelial venule that is part of a of lymph node. + PMID:28217126 + http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3440-1876 - + - - - A CD8-positive, alpha beta memory T cell with the phenotype CD45RA-positive, CD45RO-negative, and CCR7-negative. - TEMRA - CD8+ TEMRA - CD8-positive TEMRA - cell - This cell type is seen in human but not found in the mouse. - - effector memory CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell, terminally differentiated - effector memory CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell, terminally differentiated + + + + + + + + A venule that is part of a lymph node. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2825-0621 + lymph node venule + uberon + UBERON:8410041 + + venule of lymph node + venule of lymph node - + - + + + + + + True - 2022-02-09T10:26:37.611698 + 2022-02-10T18:10:43.520121 - + - A CD8-positive, alpha beta memory T cell with the phenotype CD45RA-positive, CD45RO-negative, and CCR7-negative. - GOC:add - GOC:dos - PMID:15032595 - PMID:16237082 - PMID:26883338 - - - - - TEMRA - PMID:15032595 + A venule that is part of a lymph node. + PMID:17067937 + http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3440-1876 + + + + + + + + + + + + + An arteriole that is part of a lymph node. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2825-0621 + lymph node arteriole + uberon + UBERON:8410042 + + arteriole of lymph node + arteriole of lymph node + - - - CD8+ TEMRA - PMID:15032595 + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:10:43.520126 - - - CD8-positive TEMRA - PMID:15032595 + + + An arteriole that is part of a lymph node. + PMID:17067937 + http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3440-1876 - + - - A cell type that is the first of the maturation stages of the granulocytic leukocytes normally found in the bone marrow. Granules are seen in the cytoplasm. The nuclear material of the myelocyte is denser than that of the myeloblast but lacks a definable membrane. The cell is flat and contains increasing numbers of granules as maturation progresses. - tmeehan - 2010-08-30T01:08:19Z - BTO:0000734 - FMA:83525 - cell - - myelocyte - myelocyte + + + + + + + + Lymph node germinal centers contain two microenvironments: the light zone and the dark zone. The light zone is sparsely populated with B cells and includes additional cell types such as follicular dendritic cells, lymph node tingible macrophages and T follicular helper cells. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2825-0621 + germinal center light zone + light zone of germinal center + light zone of lymph node germinal center + uberon + UBERON:8410052 + + lymph node germinal center light zone + lymph node germinal center light zone - + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:10:35.184960 + + + - A cell type that is the first of the maturation stages of the granulocytic leukocytes normally found in the bone marrow. Granules are seen in the cytoplasm. The nuclear material of the myelocyte is denser than that of the myeloblast but lacks a definable membrane. The cell is flat and contains increasing numbers of granules as maturation progresses. - GOC:tfm - ISBN:0323052908 - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myelocyte + Lymph node germinal centers contain two microenvironments: the light zone and the dark zone. The light zone is sparsely populated with B cells and includes additional cell types such as follicular dendritic cells, lymph node tingible macrophages and T follicular helper cells. + PMID:25656706 + PMID:8011279 + http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4183-8865/ - + - - - A patrolling monocyte that is CD14-low and CD16-positive. - tmeehan - 2010-10-04T12:25:42Z - non-classical monocyte, human - cell - Markers are associated with human monocytes. - - CD14-low, CD16-positive monocyte - CD14-low, CD16-positive monocyte + + + + + + + + Lymph node germinal centers contain two microenvironments: the light zone and the dark zone. The dark zone is densely populated with B cell blasts and reticular cells. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2825-0621 + dark zone of germinal center + germinal center dark zone + dark zone of lymph node germinal center + uberon + UBERON:8410053 + + lymph node germinal center dark zone + ymph node germinal center dark zone - + - + + + + + + True - 2022-02-09T10:26:37.611686 + 2022-02-10T18:10:35.184977 - + - A patrolling monocyte that is CD14-low and CD16-positive. - GOC:tfm - PMID:20870168 + Lymph node germinal centers contain two microenvironments: the light zone and the dark zone. The dark zone is densely populated with B cell blasts and reticular cells. + PMID:25656706 + PMID:8011279 + http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4183-8865/ - + - - Homo sapiens + + Submucous nerve plexus that is located in the small intestine. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2825-0621 + uberon + UBERON:8410064 + + submucous nerve plexus of small intestine + submucous nerve plexus of small intestine + + + + Submucous nerve plexus that is located in the small intestine. + http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3440-1876 + - + - + - - + + - The soft tissue that fills the cavities of bones. - TODO - create superclass for bone marrow / head kidney. both are portions of tissue in the hematopoetic system. also consider adding as subclass of zone of bone organ for consistency with FMA. See also: Leydig and epigonal organs - consider placement of NCIT:C53466 medullary bone - The bone marrow is the hematopoietic organ in all vertebrates but fishes, in which hematopoiesis occurs in the kidney.[well established][VHOG] - In adults, marrow in large bones produces new blood cells[Wikipedia:Bone_marrow] - AAO:0011007 - BTO:0000141 - BTO:0000829 - CALOHA:TS-0087 - EFO:0000868 - EMAPA:32760 - EV:0100046 - FMA:9608 - GAID:1287 - MA:0000134 - MAT:0000084 - MESH:D001853 - MIAA:0000084 - NCIT:C12431 - OpenCyc:Mx4rvVm-FpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA - SCTID:421320006 - UMLS:C0005953 - VHOG:0001218 - Wikipedia:Bone_marrow - XAO:0000123 - galen:BoneMarrow - medulla ossea - medulla ossium + The lymph node paracortex is the middle layer of the lymph node and is mostly populated by T cells and dendritic cells. The paracortex also contains specialised blood vessels called high endothelial venules which allow lymphocytes to enter the node. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2825-0621 uberon - medulla of bone - medullary bone - UBERON:0002371 - - - + UBERON:8410066 - bone marrow - Bone marrow - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/74/Gray72-en.svg + lymph node paracortex + lymph node paracortex - + - - + + True - 2022-02-09T10:28:05.719789 + 2022-02-10T18:10:35.184971 - + - The soft tissue that fills the cavities of bones. - MGI:cwg - MP:0002397 - - - - - The bone marrow is the hematopoietic organ in all vertebrates but fishes, in which hematopoiesis occurs in the kidney.[well established][VHOG] - 2012-09-17 - VHOG:0001218 - VHOG - DOI:10.1146/annurev.cellbio.22.010605.093317 Hartenstein V, Blood Cells and Blood Cell Development in the Animal Kingdom. Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology (2006) - http://bgee.unil.ch/ - - - - - UMLS:C0005953 - ncithesaurus:Bone_Marrow - - - - - medulla ossea - BTO:0000141 - FMA:9608 - + The lymph node paracortex is the middle layer of the lymph node and is mostly populated by T cells and dendritic cells. The paracortex also contains specialised blood vessels called high endothelial venules which allow lymphocytes to enter the node. + http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9990-8331 + http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4183-8865/ + https://www.immunology.org/public-information/bitesized-immunology/organs-and-tissues/lymph-node + + + + + + + + + + + + + Follicules in the lymph node are surrounded and separated by the interfollicular cortex. Together with the lymph node follicle, the interfollicular cortex of the lymph node lobule make up the superficial cortex of the lymph node. Capillaries empty into the high endothelial venules located in the interfollicular cortex. The interfollicular cortex also serves as transit corriders for lymphocytes migrating between the B and T cell areas. + http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2825-0621 + interfollicular cortex of lymph node + uberon + UBERON:8410067 + + lymph node interfollicular cortex + lymph node interfollicular cortex + - - - medulla ossium - BTO:0000141 - Wikipedia:Bone_marrow - + + + + + + + + + True + 2022-02-10T18:10:35.184966 - - - medulla of bone - BTO:0000141 + + + Follicules in the lymph node are surrounded and separated by the interfollicular cortex. Together with the lymph node follicle, the interfollicular cortex of the lymph node lobule make up the superficial cortex of the lymph node. Capillaries empty into the high endothelial venules located in the interfollicular cortex. The interfollicular cortex also serves as transit corriders for lymphocytes migrating between the B and T cell areas. + PMID:17067937 + http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9990-8331 + http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4183-8865/ diff --git a/src/Makefile b/src/Makefile index 2edbe341b..a0aa8efd0 100644 --- a/src/Makefile +++ b/src/Makefile @@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ release_notes: rm tables_version.txt ../owl/CCF_AS_CT.owl: ${OWL_CLASS_FILES} release_notes - ${ROBOT} merge $(patsubst %, -i %, $<) \ + ${ROBOT} merge $(patsubst %, -i %, ${OWL_CLASS_FILES}) \ annotate --ontology-iri "http://purl.org/ccf/latest/CCF_AS_CT.owl" \ --version-iri "http://purl.org/ccf/releases/$(VERSION)/CCF_AS_CT.owl" \ --output $@