t81_558_class14_aws.ipynb

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   "source": [
    "# T81-558: Applications of Deep Neural Networks\n",
    "**Module 14: High Performance TensorFlow**\n",
    "* Instructor: [Jeff Heaton](https://sites.wustl.edu/jeffheaton/), School of Engineering and Applied Science, [Washington University in St. Louis](https://engineering.wustl.edu/Programs/Pages/default.aspx)\n",
    "* For more information visit the [class website](https://sites.wustl.edu/jeffheaton/t81-558/)."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# Helpful Functions\n",
    "\n",
    "You will see these at the top of every module.  These are simply a set of reusable functions that we will make use of.  Each of them will be explained as the semester progresses.  They are explained in greater detail as the course progresses.  Class 4 contains a complete overview of these functions."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 1,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "import base64\n",
    "import os\n",
    "\n",
    "import matplotlib.pyplot as plt\n",
    "import numpy as np\n",
    "import pandas as pd\n",
    "import requests\n",
    "from sklearn import preprocessing\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "# Encode text values to dummy variables(i.e. [1,0,0],[0,1,0],[0,0,1] for red,green,blue)\n",
    "def encode_text_dummy(df, name):\n",
    "    dummies = pd.get_dummies(df[name])\n",
    "    for x in dummies.columns:\n",
    "        dummy_name = f\"{name}-{x}\"\n",
    "        df[dummy_name] = dummies[x]\n",
    "    df.drop(name, axis=1, inplace=True)\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "# Encode text values to a single dummy variable.  The new columns (which do not replace the old) will have a 1\n",
    "# at every location where the original column (name) matches each of the target_values.  One column is added for\n",
    "# each target value.\n",
    "def encode_text_single_dummy(df, name, target_values):\n",
    "    for tv in target_values:\n",
    "        l = list(df[name].astype(str))\n",
    "        l = [1 if str(x) == str(tv) else 0 for x in l]\n",
    "        name2 = f\"{name}-{tv}\"\n",
    "        df[name2] = l\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "# Encode text values to indexes(i.e. [1],[2],[3] for red,green,blue).\n",
    "def encode_text_index(df, name):\n",
    "    le = preprocessing.LabelEncoder()\n",
    "    df[name] = le.fit_transform(df[name])\n",
    "    return le.classes_\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "# Encode a numeric column as zscores\n",
    "def encode_numeric_zscore(df, name, mean=None, sd=None):\n",
    "    if mean is None:\n",
    "        mean = df[name].mean()\n",
    "\n",
    "    if sd is None:\n",
    "        sd = df[name].std()\n",
    "\n",
    "    df[name] = (df[name] - mean) / sd\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "# Convert all missing values in the specified column to the median\n",
    "def missing_median(df, name):\n",
    "    med = df[name].median()\n",
    "    df[name] = df[name].fillna(med)\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "# Convert all missing values in the specified column to the default\n",
    "def missing_default(df, name, default_value):\n",
    "    df[name] = df[name].fillna(default_value)\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "# Convert a Pandas dataframe to the x,y inputs that TensorFlow needs\n",
    "def to_xy(df, target):\n",
    "    result = []\n",
    "    for x in df.columns:\n",
    "        if x != target:\n",
    "            result.append(x)\n",
    "    # find out the type of the target column.  Is it really this hard? :(\n",
    "    target_type = df[target].dtypes\n",
    "    target_type = target_type[0] if hasattr(\n",
    "        target_type, '__iter__') else target_type\n",
    "    # Encode to int for classification, float otherwise. TensorFlow likes 32 bits.\n",
    "    if target_type in (np.int64, np.int32):\n",
    "        # Classification\n",
    "        dummies = pd.get_dummies(df[target])\n",
    "        return df[result].values.astype(np.float32), dummies.values.astype(np.float32)\n",
    "    # Regression\n",
    "    return df[result].values.astype(np.float32), df[[target]].values.astype(np.float32)\n",
    "\n",
    "# Nicely formatted time string\n",
    "def hms_string(sec_elapsed):\n",
    "    h = int(sec_elapsed / (60 * 60))\n",
    "    m = int((sec_elapsed % (60 * 60)) / 60)\n",
    "    s = sec_elapsed % 60\n",
    "    return f\"{h}:{m:>02}:{s:>05.2f}\"\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "# Regression chart.\n",
    "def chart_regression(pred, y, sort=True):\n",
    "    t = pd.DataFrame({'pred': pred, 'y': y.flatten()})\n",
    "    if sort:\n",
    "        t.sort_values(by=['y'], inplace=True)\n",
    "    plt.plot(t['y'].tolist(), label='expected')\n",
    "    plt.plot(t['pred'].tolist(), label='prediction')\n",
    "    plt.ylabel('output')\n",
    "    plt.legend()\n",
    "    plt.show()\n",
    "\n",
    "# Remove all rows where the specified column is +/- sd standard deviations\n",
    "def remove_outliers(df, name, sd):\n",
    "    drop_rows = df.index[(np.abs(df[name] - df[name].mean())\n",
    "                          >= (sd * df[name].std()))]\n",
    "    df.drop(drop_rows, axis=0, inplace=True)\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "# Encode a column to a range between normalized_low and normalized_high.\n",
    "def encode_numeric_range(df, name, normalized_low=-1, normalized_high=1,\n",
    "                         data_low=None, data_high=None):\n",
    "    if data_low is None:\n",
    "        data_low = min(df[name])\n",
    "        data_high = max(df[name])\n",
    "\n",
    "    df[name] = ((df[name] - data_low) / (data_high - data_low)) \\\n",
    "        * (normalized_high - normalized_low) + normalized_low\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "# This function submits an assignment.  You can submit an assignment as much as you like, only the final\n",
    "# submission counts.  The paramaters are as follows:\n",
    "# data - Pandas dataframe output.\n",
    "# key - Your student key that was emailed to you.\n",
    "# no - The assignment class number, should be 1 through 1.\n",
    "# source_file - The full path to your Python or IPYNB file.  This must have \"_class1\" as part of its name.  \n",
    "# .             The number must match your assignment number.  For example \"_class2\" for class assignment #2.\n",
    "def submit(data,key,no,source_file=None):\n",
    "    if source_file is None and '__file__' not in globals(): raise Exception('Must specify a filename when a Jupyter notebook.')\n",
    "    if source_file is None: source_file = __file__\n",
    "    suffix = '_class{}'.format(no)\n",
    "    if suffix not in source_file: raise Exception('{} must be part of the filename.'.format(suffix))\n",
    "    with open(source_file, \"rb\") as image_file:\n",
    "        encoded_python = base64.b64encode(image_file.read()).decode('ascii')\n",
    "    ext = os.path.splitext(source_file)[-1].lower()\n",
    "    if ext not in ['.ipynb','.py']: raise Exception(\"Source file is {} must be .py or .ipynb\".format(ext))\n",
    "    r = requests.post(\"https://api.heatonresearch.com/assignment-submit\",\n",
    "        headers={'x-api-key':key}, json={'csv':base64.b64encode(data.to_csv(index=False).encode('ascii')).decode(\"ascii\"),\n",
    "        'assignment': no, 'ext':ext, 'py':encoded_python})\n",
    "    if r.status_code == 200:\n",
    "        print(\"Success: {}\".format(r.text))\n",
    "    else: print(\"Failure: {}\".format(r.text))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# Module Video Material\n",
    "\n",
    "Main video lecture:\n",
    "\n",
    "* [Part 14.1: Using a GPU with Keras](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cLc8FGrLNYk&index=39&list=PLjy4p-07OYzulelvJ5KVaT2pDlxivl_BN)\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# Helpful Resources\n",
    "\n",
    "* [The Titian V](https://www.nvidia.com/en-us/titan/titan-v/)\n",
    "* [GPU Benchmarks](https://www.videocardbenchmark.net/)\n",
    "* [Amazon Web Services (AWS)](https://aws.amazon.com/)\n",
    "* [My Blog Posts on AWS](http://www.heatonresearch.com/2017/11/15/aws-data-science.html)\n",
    "* [Installing AWS for GPU TensorFlow Usage](https://gist.github.com/iamatypeofwalrus/5183133)\n",
    "* [All AWS Instances](https://aws.amazon.com/ec2/instance-types/)\n",
    "* [AWS Instance Prices](https://aws.amazon.com/ec2/pricing/on-demand/)\n",
    "* [Amazon AWS GPU Instances](https://aws.amazon.com/ec2/instance-types/p2/)\n",
    "* [nVIDIA Suggested Hardware](http://www.nvidia.com/object/gpu-accelerated-applications-tensorflow-configurations.html)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 2,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "[[22. 28.]\n",
      " [49. 64.]]\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# Test TF\n",
    "import tensorflow as tf\n",
    "\n",
    "# Creates a graph.\n",
    "a = tf.constant([1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0], shape=[2, 3], name='a')\n",
    "b = tf.constant([1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0], shape=[3, 2], name='b')\n",
    "c = tf.matmul(a, b)\n",
    "# Creates a session with log_device_placement set to True.\n",
    "sess = tf.Session(config=tf.ConfigProto(log_device_placement=True))\n",
    "# Runs the op.\n",
    "print(sess.run(c))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 3,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Tensor Flow Version: 1.12.0\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "import tensorflow as tf\n",
    "print(\"Tensor Flow Version: {}\".format(tf.__version__))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": []
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# When GPU's Help\n",
    "\n",
    "Both of these times are from a Macbook pro (circa 2012, when Mac still used NVidia GPSs)\n",
    "\n",
    "* GPU (Macbook Pro): Elapsed time: 0:32:00.36\n",
    "* CPU (Macbook Pro): Elapsed time: 1:13:44.48\n",
    "\n",
    "Google Colab:\n",
    "\n",
    "These times were from Google Colab in 2019:\n",
    "\n",
    "* GPU: Elapsed time: 0:01:43.95\n",
    "* CPU: Elapsed time: 0:34:50.06\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 4,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stderr",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Using TensorFlow backend.\n"
     ]
    },
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "x_train shape: (60000, 28, 28, 1)\n",
      "Training samples: 60000\n",
      "Test samples: 10000\n",
      "Train on 60000 samples, validate on 10000 samples\n",
      "Epoch 1/12\n",
      " - 102s - loss: 0.2588 - acc: 0.9208 - val_loss: 0.0536 - val_acc: 0.9825\n",
      "Epoch 2/12\n",
      " - 104s - loss: 0.0864 - acc: 0.9745 - val_loss: 0.0428 - val_acc: 0.9851\n",
      "Epoch 3/12\n",
      " - 112s - loss: 0.0663 - acc: 0.9807 - val_loss: 0.0341 - val_acc: 0.9876\n",
      "Epoch 4/12\n",
      " - 105s - loss: 0.0539 - acc: 0.9837 - val_loss: 0.0349 - val_acc: 0.9884\n",
      "Epoch 5/12\n",
      " - 106s - loss: 0.0464 - acc: 0.9858 - val_loss: 0.0290 - val_acc: 0.9900\n",
      "Epoch 6/12\n",
      " - 99s - loss: 0.0411 - acc: 0.9875 - val_loss: 0.0291 - val_acc: 0.9895\n",
      "Epoch 7/12\n",
      " - 98s - loss: 0.0377 - acc: 0.9883 - val_loss: 0.0286 - val_acc: 0.9902\n",
      "Epoch 8/12\n",
      " - 110s - loss: 0.0339 - acc: 0.9895 - val_loss: 0.0291 - val_acc: 0.9907\n",
      "Epoch 9/12\n",
      " - 113s - loss: 0.0307 - acc: 0.9907 - val_loss: 0.0284 - val_acc: 0.9913\n",
      "Epoch 10/12\n",
      " - 105s - loss: 0.0278 - acc: 0.9916 - val_loss: 0.0240 - val_acc: 0.9917\n",
      "Epoch 11/12\n",
      " - 98s - loss: 0.0274 - acc: 0.9911 - val_loss: 0.0261 - val_acc: 0.9912\n",
      "Epoch 12/12\n",
      " - 99s - loss: 0.0251 - acc: 0.9917 - val_loss: 0.0277 - val_acc: 0.9913\n",
      "Test loss: 0.027679044139997312\n",
      "Test accuracy: 0.9913\n",
      "Elapsed time: 0:20:57.64\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "from __future__ import absolute_import\n",
    "from __future__ import division\n",
    "from __future__ import print_function\n",
    "\n",
    "import numpy as np\n",
    "from sklearn import metrics\n",
    "import tensorflow as tf\n",
    "import keras\n",
    "from keras.callbacks import EarlyStopping\n",
    "from keras.layers import Dense, Dropout\n",
    "from keras import regularizers\n",
    "from keras.datasets import mnist\n",
    "import time\n",
    "import os\n",
    "\n",
    "start_time = time.time()\n",
    "\n",
    "(x_train, y_train), (x_test, y_test) = mnist.load_data()\n",
    "\n",
    "import keras\n",
    "from keras.datasets import mnist\n",
    "from keras.models import Sequential\n",
    "from keras.layers import Dense, Dropout, Flatten\n",
    "from keras.layers import Conv2D, MaxPooling2D\n",
    "from keras import backend as K\n",
    "batch_size = 128\n",
    "num_classes = 10\n",
    "epochs = 12\n",
    "# input image dimensions\n",
    "img_rows, img_cols = 28, 28\n",
    "if K.image_data_format() == 'channels_first':\n",
    "    x_train = x_train.reshape(x_train.shape[0], 1, img_rows, img_cols)\n",
    "    x_test = x_test.reshape(x_test.shape[0], 1, img_rows, img_cols)\n",
    "    input_shape = (1, img_rows, img_cols)\n",
    "else:\n",
    "    x_train = x_train.reshape(x_train.shape[0], img_rows, img_cols, 1)\n",
    "    x_test = x_test.reshape(x_test.shape[0], img_rows, img_cols, 1)\n",
    "    input_shape = (img_rows, img_cols, 1)\n",
    "x_train = x_train.astype('float32')\n",
    "x_test = x_test.astype('float32')\n",
    "x_train /= 255\n",
    "x_test /= 255\n",
    "print('x_train shape:', x_train.shape)\n",
    "print(\"Training samples: {}\".format(x_train.shape[0]))\n",
    "print(\"Test samples: {}\".format(x_test.shape[0]))\n",
    "# convert class vectors to binary class matrices\n",
    "y_train = keras.utils.to_categorical(y_train, num_classes)\n",
    "y_test = keras.utils.to_categorical(y_test, num_classes)\n",
    "model = Sequential()\n",
    "model.add(Conv2D(32, kernel_size=(3, 3),\n",
    "                 activation='relu',\n",
    "                 input_shape=input_shape))\n",
    "model.add(Conv2D(64, (3, 3), activation='relu'))\n",
    "model.add(MaxPooling2D(pool_size=(2, 2)))\n",
    "model.add(Dropout(0.25))\n",
    "model.add(Flatten())\n",
    "model.add(Dense(128, activation='relu'))\n",
    "model.add(Dropout(0.5))\n",
    "model.add(Dense(num_classes, activation='softmax'))\n",
    "model.compile(loss=keras.losses.categorical_crossentropy,\n",
    "              optimizer=keras.optimizers.Adadelta(),\n",
    "              metrics=['accuracy'])\n",
    "\n",
    "model.fit(x_train, y_train,\n",
    "          batch_size=batch_size,\n",
    "          epochs=epochs,\n",
    "          verbose=2,\n",
    "          validation_data=(x_test, y_test))\n",
    "score = model.evaluate(x_test, y_test, verbose=0)\n",
    "print('Test loss: {}'.format(score[0]))\n",
    "print('Test accuracy: {}'.format(score[1]))\n",
    "\n",
    "elapsed_time = time.time() - start_time\n",
    "print(\"Elapsed time: {}\".format(hms_string(elapsed_time)))\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": []
  }
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