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<h1 class="title toc-ignore">Research</h1>
<h4 class="date">Last updated: 21 August 2024</h4>
</div>
<p>My research mostly resides in the realm of ecology and conservation
biology, with a focus on amphibians and reptiles. I am most interested
in studying wildlife populations over different gradients of natural and
human disturbance, and applying those relationships for understanding
future threats against biodiversity and guiding conservation planning. I
work with a variety of organisms and ecosystems, ranging from vernal
pool amphibians to Galápagos tortoises, and use various quantitative
techniques for studying ecological and demographic processes. I’m also
interested in social dimensions of wildlife ecology and using historical
data and social-ecological frameworks to better understand complex
conservation stories.</p>
<p>Here is a short list of some projects I’ve worked on over the last
several years.</p>
<hr />
<div id="wildlife-conservation" class="section level2">
<h2>Wildlife conservation</h2>
<div class="figure" style="text-align: center">
<img src="images/amphibs.jpg" alt="Left: A Tapichalaca tree frog (Hyloscirtus tapichalaca) from southern Ecuador. Right: Spotted salamander (Ambystoma maculatum)." width="60%" height="60%" />
<p class="caption">
Left: A Tapichalaca tree frog (Hyloscirtus tapichalaca) from southern
Ecuador. Right: Spotted salamander (Ambystoma maculatum).
</p>
</div>
<hr />
<div id="cryptic-species-and-ecosystems" class="section level3">
<h3><em>Cryptic species and ecosystems</em></h3>
<div class = "row">
<div class="col-md-6">
<p>My current work at the University of Maine focuses on improving
conservation capacity for cryptic species and ecosystems. Specifically,
I’m working on developing new monitoring approaches for studying rare
salamanders in the unisexual <em>Ambystoma</em> complex and forested
vernal pools that remain highly vulnerable throughout their range. These
species and ecosystems are both highly cryptic (i.e., they are hard to
detect and distinguish) and present unique challenges to researchers,
managers, and conservation stakeholders.</p>
Working with a team of collaborators in academia and government, I am
exploring the potential of innovative trapping approaches and
environmental DNA (eDNA) for detecting rare species in vernal pools,
identifying critical habitat, and characterizing pool biodiversity over
large spatial and temporal scales.
</div>
<div class="col-md-6">
<div class="figure" style="text-align: center">
<img src="images/unisexuals.jpg" alt="Blue-spotted salamanders (top) and unisexual *Ambystoma*. Image from Bogart & Klemens (2008)." width="400px" />
<p class="caption">
Blue-spotted salamanders (top) and unisexual <em>Ambystoma</em>. Image
from Bogart & Klemens (2008).
</p>
</div>
</div>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Relevant literature:</em></p>
<ul>
<li><p><strong>Goldspiel HB</strong>, Hoffmann, KE, Charney, ND. <em>In
review</em>. Light at the end of the funnel: Taxonomic biases of aquatic
funnel traps and glow sticks for studying wetland-breeding amphibians.
<em>Journal of Herpetology</em>.</p></li>
<li><p><strong>Goldspiel HB</strong>, Hoffmann, KE, Charney, ND. 2023.
<em>Ambystoma laterale-jeffersonianum</em> complex (Unisexual
<em>Ambystoma</em>). Longevity. <em>Herpetological Review</em>.</p></li>
</ul>
<hr />
</div>
<div id="land-use-legacies" class="section level3">
<h3><em>Land-use legacies</em></h3>
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-6">
<p>Most forests in the eastern United States have rich histories of
human disturbance, many having once been cleared for agriculture and
regenerated in the last century. These landscape transformations came at
a cost for wetlands, which are central to the life cycles of many frogs
and salamanders. In recent decades, many landowners have taken to
creating artificial wetlands as a means of restoring amphibian habitat,
but these created wetlands have mixed rates of success for amphibian
populations.</p>
For my master’s thesis, I was interested in how historical landscape
setting (i.e., adult habitat quality) and vernal pool densities (i.e.,
larval habitat availability) interactively affect the outcome of these
habitat restoration projects. This work occurred at Heiberg Memorial
Forest, an experimental research station operated by SUNY ESF in Tully,
NY.
</div>
<div class="col-md-6">
<div class="figure" style="text-align: center">
<img src="images/heiberg_history.jpg" alt="Land cover at Heiberg Memorial Forest (Tully, NY) in 1936 (top) and 2015 (bottom)." />
<p class="caption">
Land cover at Heiberg Memorial Forest (Tully, NY) in 1936 (top) and 2015
(bottom).
</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Relevant literature:</em></p>
<ul>
<li><p><strong>Goldspiel HB</strong> 2018. “Forest Legacy Effects on
Amphibian Populations: Integrating Land and Life Histories in
Conservation” (2018). Dissertations and Theses. 40. <a
href="https://digitalcommons.esf.edu/etds/40"
class="uri">https://digitalcommons.esf.edu/etds/40</a></p></li>
<li><p><strong>Goldspiel HB</strong>, Cohen JB, McGee GG, Gibbs JP.
2019. Forest land-use history affects outcomes of habitat augmentation
for amphibian conservation. <em>Global Ecology and Conservation</em> 19.
<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2019.e00686"
class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2019.e00686</a></p></li>
</ul>
<p><em>Media:</em> <a
href="https://wildlife.org/spotted-salamanders-prefer-legacy-forests/">The
Wildlife Society</a></p>
<hr />
</div>
<div id="island-rewilding" class="section level3">
<h3><em>Island rewilding</em></h3>
<p>From 2018–2020, I worked with Galapagos Conservancy’s <a
href="https://www.galapagos.org/conservation/our-work/tortoise-restoration/">Giant
Tortoise Restoration Initiative</a> (GTRI), providing analytical support
for long-term demographic and ecological data on tortoises and islands
in the Galápagos archipelago.</p>
<div class="figure" style="text-align: center">
<img src="images/espanola_tort.png" alt="Population regeneration of giant tortoises on Española following 50 years of captive breeding and repatriation." />
<p class="caption">
Population regeneration of giant tortoises on Española following 50
years of captive breeding and repatriation.
</p>
</div>
<p>Once numbered in the hundreds of thousands throughout the
archipelago, Galápagos tortoises have suffered extreme population
declines and extinctions over hundreds of years due to human activity.
GTRI works together with the Galápagos National Park Directorate to
restore tortoise populations to their historical ranges and sizes, via
research, captive breeding, and management programs.</p>
<p><em>Relevant literature:</em></p>
<ul>
<li><p>Tapia, WA, <strong>Goldspiel, HB</strong>, Gibbs, JP. 2022.
Introduction of giant tortoises as a replacement “ecosystem engineer” to
facilitate restoration of Santa Fe Island, Galapagos. <em>Restoration
Ecology</em>: e13476. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/rec.13476"
class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1111/rec.13476</a></p></li>
<li><p>Tapia, WA, <strong>Goldspiel, HB</strong>, Sevilla, C, Málaga J,
Gibbs, JP. 2020. Santa Fe Island: Return of Tortoises via a Replacement
Species. In: Gibbs, JP, Cayot, L, Tapia, WA, editors. <em>Galapagos
Tortoises, 1st Edition</em>. Academic Press, Cambridge, MA.</p></li>
<li><p>Gibbs, JP and <strong>Goldspiel, HB</strong>. 2020. Population
Biology. In: Gibbs, JP, Cayot, L, Tapia, WA, editors. <em>Galapagos
Tortoises, 1st Edition</em>. Academic Press, Cambridge, MA.</p></li>
</ul>
<p><em>Media:</em> <a
href="https://www.nytimes.com/2020/01/12/world/americas/diego-tortoise-sex-drive.html">NY
Times</a>, <a
href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/feb/02/galapagos-experts-find-a-tortoise-related-to-lonesome-george">The
Guardian</a>, <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hFbYgad3UXo">The
Daily Show</a>, <a
href="https://www.npr.org/2020/01/18/797574404/bluff-the-listener">Wait
Wait Don’t Tell Me</a></p>
<hr />
</div>
<div id="biotechnology" class="section level3">
<h3><em>Biotechnology</em></h3>
<p>With rapid advancements in transgenic research, biotechnology has
become more commonplace in discussions about ecological restoration.
These techniques present numerous opportunities for conservation, as
well as numerous uncertainties about potential non-target effects on
other organisms. Following decades of research at SUNY ESF with the <a
href="https://www.esf.edu/chestnut/">American Chestnut Project</a>,
American chestnut (<em>Castanea dentata</em>) has become a primary case
study of species restoration using biotechnology. As part of the
regulatory approval process for planting these trees, various studies
have been done to examine non-target effects on native species and
ecological processes. Until 2017, no research had yet been conducted to
examine potential effects of transgenic plants on forest-dwelling
vertebrates, such as amphibians. In collaboration with the American
Chestnut Project, I conducted a lab survival experiment to study
interactions between transgenic American chestnut litter and amphibian
larvae.</p>
<div class="figure" style="text-align: center">
<img src="images/litter_tadpole.jpg" alt="Left: Sample vials of leaf litter with pond water from central New York. Right: a wood frog (Lithobates sylvaticus) tadpole." width="60%" height="60%" />
<p class="caption">
Left: Sample vials of leaf litter with pond water from central New York.
Right: a wood frog (Lithobates sylvaticus) tadpole.
</p>
</div>
<p><em>Relevant literature:</em></p>
<ul>
<li><strong>Goldspiel HB</strong>, Newhouse AE, Powell WA, Gibbs JP.
2018. Effects of transgenic American chestnut leaf litter on growth and
survival of wood frog larvae. <em>Restoration Ecology</em>: 1–8. <a
href="https://doi.org/10.1111/rec.12879"
class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1111/rec.12879</a></li>
</ul>
<p><em>Media:</em> <a
href="https://psmag.com/ideas/most-controversial-tree-in-the-world-gmo-genetic-engineering">Pacific
Standard</a></p>
<hr />
</div>
</div>
<div id="social-media-and-forest-recreation" class="section level2">
<h2>Social media and forest recreation</h2>
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-6">
Social media platforms have become fixtures of modern society, defining
how millions of individuals interact with each other and their
environment. The smart phone era has consequently produced an
overabundance of rich, textured data on human behavior. I’ve been
working with researchers at SUNY ESF to better understand how these data
can be used to inform conservation and land management in the
northeastern United States. Using geo-tagged photographs from Flickr, we
have been investigating how social media activity relates to park
visitation and different landscape characteristics.
</div>
<div class="col-md-6">
<p><img src="images/flickr_NFR.jpg" /><!-- --></p>
</div>
</div>
<p><em>Project websites:</em> <a
href="https://www.esf.edu/socialmediastudy">ESF</a>, <a
href="https://nsrcforest.org/project/using-social-media-quantify-forest-based-tourism">NSRC</a>
</p>
<p><em>Vignettes:</em> <a href="Flickr_hotspot_mapping.html">Point
pattern analysis</a>, <a
href="https://www.esf.edu/socialmediastudy/Flickr_tag_mapping_website.html">Flickr
tag mapping</a> </p>
<p><em>Relevant literature:</em></p>
<ul>
<li><p><strong>Goldspiel HB</strong>, Barr B, Badding J, Kuehn D. 2023.
Snapshots of Nature-Based Recreation Across Rural Landscapes: Insights
from Geotagged Photographs in the Northeastern United States.
<em>Environmental Management</em> 71: 234-248. <a
href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-022-01728-2"
class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-022-01728-2</a></p></li>
<li><p>Kuehn D, Gibbs J, <strong>Goldspiel HB</strong>, Barr B, Sampson
A, Moutenot M, Badding J, Stradtman L. 2020. Using Social Media Data and
Park Characteristics to Understand Park Visitation. <em>The Journal of
Park and Recreation Administration</em> 38.2: 1–12. <a
href="https://doi.org/10.18666/JPRA-2019-10035"
class="uri">https://doi.org/10.18666/JPRA-2019-10035</a></p></li>
</ul>
<hr />
</div>
<div id="social-ecological-systems" class="section level2">
<h2>Social-ecological systems</h2>
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-6">
<p>Reconciling human livelihoods with ecological health is necessary for
sustaining societies and ecosystems in our era of rapid global
environmental change. Social-ecological systems (SES) frameworks provide
useful methodological foundations for identifying effective
environmental and public policies in a variety of settings.</p>
With researchers at SUNY ESF, I have been applying an SES framework to
understand social and economic processes that influence livelihood and
landscape outcomes in traditional herder-grassland systems. This work
stems from interviews with herders and remote sensing data of alpine
grasslands in the Altai mountains of central Eurasia, a UNESCO World
Heritage region undergoing current geopolitical change.
</div>
<div class="col-md-6">
<div class="float">
<img src="images/altai_SES_correlations.png"
alt="Relationships among social-ecological components of Altai herder-grassland systems." />
<div class="figcaption">Relationships among social-ecological components
of Altai herder-grassland systems.</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p> </p>
</div>
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<hr />
<p style="text-align: center;">Compiled in R with RMarkdown and Github Pages.<br />
Copyright © <span id="year"></span><a href="https://github.com/hgoldspiel/"> Harrison Goldspiel.</a></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #808080;"><a href="mailto:[email protected]">[email protected]</a></span></p>
<br>
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