path_roles.go

// Copyright (c) HashiCorp, Inc.
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MPL-2.0

package azuresecrets

import (
	"context"
	"errors"
	"fmt"
	"strings"
	"time"

	"github.com/Azure/azure-sdk-for-go/sdk/resourcemanager/authorization/armauthorization/v2"
	"github.com/hashicorp/vault/sdk/framework"
	"github.com/hashicorp/vault/sdk/helper/jsonutil"
	"github.com/hashicorp/vault/sdk/helper/strutil"
	"github.com/hashicorp/vault/sdk/logical"

	"github.com/hashicorp/vault-plugin-secrets-azure/api"
)

const (
	rolesStoragePath = "roles"

	credentialTypeSP = 0
)

// roleEntry is a Vault role construct that maps to Azure roles or Applications
type roleEntry struct {
	CredentialType      int           `json:"credential_type"` // Reserved. Always SP at this time.
	AzureRoles          []*AzureRole  `json:"azure_roles"`
	AzureGroups         []*AzureGroup `json:"azure_groups"`
	ApplicationID       string        `json:"application_id"`
	ApplicationObjectID string        `json:"application_object_id"`
	SignInAudience      string        `json:"sign_in_audience"`
	Tags                []string      `json:"tags"`
	TTL                 time.Duration `json:"ttl"`
	MaxTTL              time.Duration `json:"max_ttl"`
	ExplicitMaxTTL      time.Duration `json:"explicit_max_ttl"`
	PermanentlyDelete   bool          `json:"permanently_delete"`
	PersistApp          bool          `json:"persist_app"`

	// Info for persisted apps
	RoleAssignmentIDs          []string `json:"role_assignment_ids"`
	GroupMembershipIDs         []string `json:"group_membership_ids"`
	ServicePrincipalObjectID   string   `json:"sp_object_id"`
	ManagedApplicationObjectID string   `json:"managed_application_object_id"`
}

// AzureRole is an Azure Role (https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/role-based-access-control/overview) applied
// to a scope. RoleName and RoleID are both traits of the role. RoleID is the unique identifier, but RoleName is
// more useful to a human (thought it is not unique).
type AzureRole struct {
	RoleName string `json:"role_name"` // e.g. Owner
	RoleID   string `json:"role_id"`   // e.g. /subscriptions/e0a207b2-.../providers/Microsoft.Authorization/roleDefinitions/de139f84-...
	Scope    string `json:"scope"`     // e.g. /subscriptions/e0a207b2-...
}

// AzureGroup is an Azure Active Directory Group
// (https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/role-based-access-control/overview).
// GroupName and ObjectID are both traits of the group. ObjectID is the unique
// identifier, but GroupName is more useful to a human (though it is not
// unique).
type AzureGroup struct {
	GroupName string `json:"group_name"` // e.g. MyGroup
	ObjectID  string `json:"object_id"`  // e.g. 90820a30-352d-400f-89e5-2ca74ac14333
}

func pathsRole(b *azureSecretBackend) []*framework.Path {
	return []*framework.Path{
		{
			Pattern: "roles/" + framework.GenericNameRegex("name"),
			DisplayAttrs: &framework.DisplayAttributes{
				OperationPrefix: operationPrefixAzure,
				OperationSuffix: "role",
			},
			Fields: map[string]*framework.FieldSchema{
				"name": {
					Type:        framework.TypeLowerCaseString,
					Description: "Name of the role.",
				},
				"application_object_id": {
					Type:        framework.TypeString,
					Description: "Application Object ID to use for static service principal credentials.",
				},
				"azure_roles": {
					Type:        framework.TypeString,
					Description: "JSON list of Azure roles to assign.",
				},
				"azure_groups": {
					Type:        framework.TypeString,
					Description: "JSON list of Azure groups to add the service principal to.",
				},
				"sign_in_audience": {
					Type:        framework.TypeString,
					Description: "Specifies the security principal types that are allowed to sign in to the application. Valid values are: AzureADMyOrg, AzureADMultipleOrgs, AzureADandPersonalMicrosoftAccount, PersonalMicrosoftAccount",
				},
				"tags": {
					Type:        framework.TypeCommaStringSlice,
					Description: "Azure tags to attach to an application.",
				},
				"ttl": {
					Type:        framework.TypeDurationSecond,
					Description: "Default lease for generated credentials. If not set or set to 0, will use system default.",
				},
				"max_ttl": {
					Type:        framework.TypeDurationSecond,
					Description: "Maximum time a service principal. If not set or set to 0, will use system default.",
				},
				"explicit_max_ttl": {
					Type:        framework.TypeDurationSecond,
					Description: "Maximum lifetime of the lease and service principal. If not set or set to 0, will use the system default.",
				},
				"permanently_delete": {
					Type:        framework.TypeBool,
					Description: "Indicates whether new application objects should be permanently deleted. If not set, objects will not be permanently deleted.",
					Default:     false,
				},
				"persist_app": {
					Type:        framework.TypeBool,
					Description: "Persist the app between generated credentials. Useful if the app needs to maintain owner ship of resources it creates",
					Default:     false,
				},
			},
			Callbacks: map[logical.Operation]framework.OperationFunc{
				logical.ReadOperation:   b.pathRoleRead,
				logical.CreateOperation: b.pathRoleUpdate,
				logical.UpdateOperation: b.pathRoleUpdate,
				logical.DeleteOperation: b.pathRoleDelete,
			},
			HelpSynopsis:    roleHelpSyn,
			HelpDescription: roleHelpDesc,
			ExistenceCheck:  b.pathRoleExistenceCheck,
		},
		{
			Pattern: "roles/?",
			DisplayAttrs: &framework.DisplayAttributes{
				OperationPrefix: operationPrefixAzure,
				OperationSuffix: "roles",
			},
			Callbacks: map[logical.Operation]framework.OperationFunc{
				logical.ListOperation: b.pathRoleList,
			},
			HelpSynopsis:    roleListHelpSyn,
			HelpDescription: roleListHelpDesc,
		},
	}
}

// pathRoleUpdate creates or updates Vault roles.
//
// Basic validity check are made to verify that the provided fields meet requirements
// for the given credential type.
//
// Dynamic Service Principal:
//   Azure roles are checked for existence. The Azure role lookup step will allow the
//   operator to provide a role name or ID. ID is unambigious and will be used if provided.
//   Given just role name, a search will be performed and if exactly one match is found,
//   that role will be used.

//	Azure groups are checked for existence. The Azure groups lookup step will allow the
//	operator to provide a groups name or ID. ID is unambigious and will be used if provided.
//	Given just group name, a search will be performed and if exactly one match is found,
//	that group will be used.
//
// Static Service Principal:
//
//	The provided Application Object ID is checked for existence.
func (b *azureSecretBackend) pathRoleUpdate(ctx context.Context, req *logical.Request, d *framework.FieldData) (*logical.Response, error) {
	var resp *logical.Response

	config, err := b.getConfig(ctx, req.Storage)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	if config == nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("config is nil")
	}

	client, err := b.getClient(ctx, req.Storage)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	// load or create role
	name := d.Get("name").(string)
	role, err := getRole(ctx, name, req.Storage)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("error reading role: %w", err)
	}

	if role == nil {
		if req.Operation == logical.UpdateOperation {
			return nil, errors.New("role entry not found during update operation")
		}
		role = &roleEntry{
			CredentialType: credentialTypeSP,
		}
	}

	// load and validate TTLs
	if ttlRaw, ok := d.GetOk("ttl"); ok {
		role.TTL = time.Duration(ttlRaw.(int)) * time.Second
	} else if req.Operation == logical.CreateOperation {
		role.TTL = time.Duration(d.Get("ttl").(int)) * time.Second
	}

	if maxTTLRaw, ok := d.GetOk("max_ttl"); ok {
		role.MaxTTL = time.Duration(maxTTLRaw.(int)) * time.Second
	} else if req.Operation == logical.CreateOperation {
		role.MaxTTL = time.Duration(d.Get("max_ttl").(int)) * time.Second
	}

	if explicitMaxTTLRaw, ok := d.GetOk("explicit_max_ttl"); ok {
		role.ExplicitMaxTTL = time.Duration(explicitMaxTTLRaw.(int)) * time.Second
	} else if req.Operation == logical.CreateOperation {
		role.ExplicitMaxTTL = time.Duration(d.Get("explicit_max_ttl").(int)) * time.Second
	}

	if role.MaxTTL != 0 && role.TTL > role.MaxTTL {
		return logical.ErrorResponse("ttl cannot be greater than max_ttl"), nil
	}

	if role.ExplicitMaxTTL != 0 && role.TTL > role.ExplicitMaxTTL {
		return logical.ErrorResponse("ttl cannot be greater than explicit_max_ttl"), nil
	}

	if role.ExplicitMaxTTL != 0 && role.MaxTTL > role.ExplicitMaxTTL {
		return logical.ErrorResponse("max_ttl cannot be greater than explicit_max_ttl"), nil
	}

	// load and verify deletion options
	if permanentlyDeleteRaw, ok := d.GetOk("permanently_delete"); ok {
		role.PermanentlyDelete = permanentlyDeleteRaw.(bool)
	} else {
		role.PermanentlyDelete = false
	}

	// update and validate SignInAudience if provided
	if signInAudience, ok := d.GetOk("sign_in_audience"); ok {
		signInAudienceValue, ok := signInAudience.(string)
		if !ok {
			return logical.ErrorResponse("Invalid type for sign_in_audience field. Expected string."), nil
		}

		validSignInAudiences := []string{"AzureADMyOrg", "AzureADMultipleOrgs", "AzureADandPersonalMicrosoftAccount", "PersonalMicrosoftAccount"}
		if !strutil.StrListContains(validSignInAudiences, signInAudienceValue) {
			validValuesString := strings.Join(validSignInAudiences, ", ")
			return logical.ErrorResponse("Invalid value for sign_in_audience field. Valid values are: %s", validValuesString), nil
		}

		role.SignInAudience = signInAudienceValue
	}

	// update and verify Tags if provided
	tags, ok := d.GetOk("tags")
	if ok {
		tagsList, err := validateTags(tags)
		if err != nil {
			return logical.ErrorResponse(err.Error()), nil
		}
		role.Tags = tagsList
	}

	// update and verify Application Object ID if provided
	if appObjectID, ok := d.GetOk("application_object_id"); ok {
		role.ApplicationObjectID = appObjectID.(string)
	}

	if role.ApplicationObjectID != "" {
		app, err := client.provider.GetApplication(ctx, role.ApplicationObjectID)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, fmt.Errorf("error loading Application: %w", err)
		}
		role.ApplicationID = app.AppID

		if role.PermanentlyDelete {
			return logical.ErrorResponse("permanently_delete must be false if application_object_id is provided"), nil
		}
	}

	// update and verify Application Object ID if provided
	if persistApp, ok := d.GetOk("persist_app"); ok {
		role.PersistApp = persistApp.(bool)
		// set the applicationObjectID to the managedApplicationObjectID so that we can use the same SP logic as static.
		if role.PersistApp {
			role.ApplicationObjectID = role.ManagedApplicationObjectID
		}
	}

	// Parse the Azure roles
	if roles, ok := d.GetOk("azure_roles"); ok {
		parsedRoles := make([]*AzureRole, 0) // non-nil to avoid a "missing roles" error later

		err := jsonutil.DecodeJSON([]byte(roles.(string)), &parsedRoles)
		if err != nil {
			return logical.ErrorResponse("error parsing Azure roles '%s': %s", roles.(string), err.Error()), nil
		}
		role.AzureRoles = parsedRoles
	}

	// Parse the Azure groups
	if groups, ok := d.GetOk("azure_groups"); ok {
		parsedGroups := make([]*AzureGroup, 0) // non-nil to avoid a "missing groups" error later

		err := jsonutil.DecodeJSON([]byte(groups.(string)), &parsedGroups)
		if err != nil {
			return logical.ErrorResponse("error parsing Azure groups '%s': %s", groups.(string), err.Error()), nil
		}
		role.AzureGroups = parsedGroups
	}

	// update and verify Azure roles, including looking up each role by ID or name.
	roleSet := make(map[string]bool)
	for _, r := range role.AzureRoles {
		var roleDef armauthorization.RoleDefinition
		if r.RoleID != "" {
			roleDefResp, err := client.provider.GetRoleDefinitionByID(ctx, r.RoleID)
			if err != nil {
				if strings.Contains(err.Error(), "RoleDefinitionDoesNotExist") {
					return logical.ErrorResponse("no role found for role_id: '%s'", r.RoleID), nil
				}
				return nil, fmt.Errorf("unable to lookup Azure role by id: %w", err)
			}

			roleDef = roleDefResp.RoleDefinition
		} else {
			defs, err := client.findRoles(ctx, r.RoleName)
			if err != nil {
				return nil, fmt.Errorf("unable to lookup Azure role by name: %w", err)
			}
			if l := len(defs); l == 0 {
				return logical.ErrorResponse("no role found for role_name: '%s'", r.RoleName), nil
			} else if l > 1 {
				return logical.ErrorResponse("multiple matches found for role_name: '%s'. Specify role by ID instead.", r.RoleName), nil
			}
			roleDef = *defs[0]
		}
		roleDefID := *roleDef.ID
		roleDefName := *roleDef.Name

		r.RoleName, r.RoleID = roleDefName, roleDefID

		rsKey := r.RoleID + "||" + r.Scope
		if roleSet[rsKey] {
			return logical.ErrorResponse("duplicate role_id and scope: '%s', '%s'", r.RoleID, r.Scope), nil
		}
		roleSet[rsKey] = true
	}

	// update and verify Azure groups, including looking up each group by ID or name.
	groupSet := make(map[string]bool)
	for _, r := range role.AzureGroups {
		var groupDef api.Group
		if r.ObjectID != "" {
			groupDef, err = client.provider.GetGroup(ctx, r.ObjectID)
			if err != nil {
				if strings.Contains(err.Error(), "Request_ResourceNotFound") {
					return logical.ErrorResponse("no group found for object_id: '%s'", r.ObjectID), nil
				}
				return nil, fmt.Errorf("unable to lookup Azure group: %w", err)
			}
		} else {
			defs, err := client.findGroups(ctx, r.GroupName)
			if err != nil {
				return nil, fmt.Errorf("unable to lookup Azure group: %w", err)
			}
			if l := len(defs); l == 0 {
				return logical.ErrorResponse("no group found for group_name: '%s'", r.GroupName), nil
			} else if l > 1 {
				return logical.ErrorResponse("multiple matches found for group_name: '%s'. Specify group by ObjectID instead.", r.GroupName), nil
			}
			groupDef = defs[0]
		}

		if groupDef == (api.Group{}) {
			return logical.ErrorResponse("could not find a group with that ID", r.GroupName), nil
		}

		r.ObjectID = groupDef.ID
		r.GroupName = groupDef.DisplayName

		if groupSet[r.ObjectID] {
			return logical.ErrorResponse("duplicate object_id '%s'", r.ObjectID), nil
		}
		groupSet[r.ObjectID] = true
	}

	if role.ApplicationObjectID == "" && len(role.AzureRoles) == 0 && len(role.AzureGroups) == 0 {
		return logical.ErrorResponse("either Azure role definitions, group definitions, or an Application Object ID must be provided"), nil
	}

	// If persisted create the app
	if role.PersistApp {
		err := b.createPersistedApp(ctx, req, role, name)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, fmt.Errorf("could not create persisted app: %w", err)
		}

	}

	// save role
	err = saveRole(ctx, req.Storage, role, name)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("error storing role: %w", err)
	}

	return resp, nil
}

func validateTags(tags interface{}) ([]string, error) {
	if tags == nil {
		return nil, nil
	}

	tagsList, ok := tags.([]string)
	if !ok {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("expected tags to be []string, but got %T", tags)
	}

	tagsList = strutil.RemoveDuplicates(tagsList, false)

	for _, tag := range tagsList {
		// Check individual tag size
		if len(tag) < 1 || len(tag) > 256 {
			return nil, fmt.Errorf("individual tag size must be between 1 and 256 characters (inclusive)")
		}
		// Check for whitespaces
		if strings.Contains(tag, " ") {
			return nil, errors.New("whitespaces are not allowed in tags")
		}
	}
	return tagsList, nil
}

func (b *azureSecretBackend) createPersistedApp(ctx context.Context, req *logical.Request, role *roleEntry, name string) error {
	c, err := b.getClient(ctx, req.Storage)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	assignmentIDs, err := c.generateUUIDs(len(role.AzureRoles))
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("error generating assginment IDs; err=%w", err)
	}

	if role.ManagedApplicationObjectID != "" {
		removeRolesAndGroupMembership(ctx, c, role)

		spObjID := role.ServicePrincipalObjectID

		// Assign Azure roles to the new SP
		raIDs, err := c.assignRoles(ctx, spObjID, role.AzureRoles, assignmentIDs)
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}
		role.RoleAssignmentIDs = raIDs

		// Assign Azure group memberships to the new SP
		if err := c.addGroupMemberships(ctx, spObjID, role.AzureGroups); err != nil {
			return err
		}
		role.GroupMembershipIDs = groupObjectIDs(role.AzureGroups)

		return nil
	}

	app, err := c.createAppWithName(ctx, name, role.SignInAudience, role.Tags)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	appID := app.AppID
	appObjID := app.AppObjectID
	// Write a WAL entry in case the SP create process doesn't complete
	walID, err := framework.PutWAL(ctx, req.Storage, walAppKey, &walApp{
		AppID:      appID,
		AppObjID:   appObjID,
		Expiration: time.Now().Add(maxWALAge),
	})
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("error writing WAL: %w", err)
	}

	// Determine SP duration
	spDuration := spExpiration
	if role.ExplicitMaxTTL != 0 {
		spDuration = role.ExplicitMaxTTL
	}

	// Create the SP
	spObjID, _, _, err := c.createSP(ctx, app, spDuration)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	role.ServicePrincipalObjectID = spObjID

	// Assign Azure roles to the new SP
	raIDs, err := c.assignRoles(ctx, spObjID, role.AzureRoles, assignmentIDs)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	role.RoleAssignmentIDs = raIDs

	// Assign Azure group memberships to the new SP
	if err := c.addGroupMemberships(ctx, spObjID, role.AzureGroups); err != nil {
		return err
	}
	role.GroupMembershipIDs = groupObjectIDs(role.AzureGroups)

	// SP is fully created so delete the WAL
	if err := framework.DeleteWAL(ctx, req.Storage, walID); err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("error deleting WAL: %w", err)
	}

	role.ManagedApplicationObjectID = appObjID
	role.ApplicationObjectID = appObjID
	role.ApplicationID = appID

	return nil
}

func (b *azureSecretBackend) pathRoleRead(ctx context.Context, req *logical.Request, d *framework.FieldData) (*logical.Response, error) {
	name := d.Get("name").(string)

	config, err := b.getConfig(ctx, req.Storage)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	if config == nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("config is nil")
	}

	r, err := getRole(ctx, name, req.Storage)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("error reading role: %w", err)
	}

	if r == nil {
		return nil, nil
	}

	resp := &logical.Response{
		Data: map[string]interface{}{
			"ttl":                   r.TTL / time.Second,
			"max_ttl":               r.MaxTTL / time.Second,
			"explicit_max_ttl":      r.ExplicitMaxTTL / time.Second,
			"azure_roles":           r.AzureRoles,
			"azure_groups":          r.AzureGroups,
			"application_object_id": r.ApplicationObjectID,
			"permanently_delete":    r.PermanentlyDelete,
			"persist_app":           r.PersistApp,
			"sign_in_audience":      r.SignInAudience,
			"tags":                  r.Tags,
		},
	}
	return resp, nil
}

func (b *azureSecretBackend) pathRoleList(ctx context.Context, req *logical.Request, d *framework.FieldData) (*logical.Response, error) {
	roles, err := req.Storage.List(ctx, rolesStoragePath+"/")
	if err != nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("error listing roles: %w", err)
	}

	return logical.ListResponse(roles), nil
}

func (b *azureSecretBackend) pathRoleDelete(ctx context.Context, req *logical.Request, d *framework.FieldData) (*logical.Response, error) {
	var resp *logical.Response

	name := d.Get("name").(string)
	role, err := getRole(ctx, name, req.Storage)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("error getting role: %w", err)
	}

	if role != nil && role.PersistApp {
		c, err := b.getClient(ctx, req.Storage)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, fmt.Errorf("error during delete: %w", err)
		}

		// unassigning roles and removing group membership is effectively a garbage collection operation.
		// Errors will be noted but won't fail the revocation process.
		// Deleting the app, however, *is* required to consider the secret revoked.
		if err := removeRolesAndGroupMembership(ctx, c, role); err != nil {
			resp = new(logical.Response)
			resp.AddWarning(err.Error())
		}

		if err = c.deleteApp(ctx, role.ApplicationObjectID, role.PermanentlyDelete); err != nil {
			return nil, fmt.Errorf("error deleting persisted app: %w", err)
		}
	}

	err = req.Storage.Delete(ctx, fmt.Sprintf("%s/%s", rolesStoragePath, name))
	if err != nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("error deleting role: %w", err)
	}

	return resp, nil
}

func (b *azureSecretBackend) pathRoleExistenceCheck(ctx context.Context, req *logical.Request, d *framework.FieldData) (bool, error) {
	name := d.Get("name").(string)

	role, err := getRole(ctx, name, req.Storage)
	if err != nil {
		return false, fmt.Errorf("error reading role: %w", err)
	}

	return role != nil, nil
}

func removeRolesAndGroupMembership(ctx context.Context, c *client, role *roleEntry) error {
	// Unassign roles
	if err := c.unassignRoles(ctx, role.RoleAssignmentIDs); err != nil {
		return err
	}
	// Removing group membership
	if err := c.removeGroupMemberships(ctx, role.ServicePrincipalObjectID, role.GroupMembershipIDs); err != nil {
		return err
	}

	return nil
}

func saveRole(ctx context.Context, s logical.Storage, c *roleEntry, name string) error {
	entry, err := logical.StorageEntryJSON(fmt.Sprintf("%s/%s", rolesStoragePath, name), c)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	return s.Put(ctx, entry)
}

func getRole(ctx context.Context, name string, s logical.Storage) (*roleEntry, error) {
	entry, err := s.Get(ctx, fmt.Sprintf("%s/%s", rolesStoragePath, name))
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	if entry == nil {
		return nil, nil
	}

	role := new(roleEntry)
	if err := entry.DecodeJSON(role); err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	return role, nil
}

const (
	roleHelpSyn  = "Manage the Vault roles used to generate Azure credentials."
	roleHelpDesc = `
This path allows you to read and write roles that are used to generate Azure login
credentials. These roles are associated with either an existing Application, or a set
of Azure roles, which are used to control permissions to Azure resources.

If the backend is mounted at "azure", you would create a Vault role at "azure/roles/my_role",
and request credentials from "azure/creds/my_role".

Each Vault role is configured with the standard ttl parameters and either an
Application Object ID or a combination of Azure groups to make the service
principal a member of, and Azure roles and scopes to assign the service
principal to. During the Vault role creation, any set Azure role, group, or
Object ID will be fetched and verified, and therefore must exist for the request
to succeed. When a user requests credentials against the Vault role, a new
password will be created for the Application if an Application Object ID was
configured. Otherwise, a new service principal will be created and the
configured set of Azure roles are assigned to it and it will be added to the
configured groups.
`
)

const (
	roleListHelpSyn  = `List existing roles.`
	roleListHelpDesc = `List existing roles by name.`
)