diff --git a/simulations/geometryXVx/bump_on_tail/bumpontail_fem_uniform.cpp b/simulations/geometryXVx/bump_on_tail/bumpontail_fem_uniform.cpp
index 3bbdb49f7..a597147f8 100644
--- a/simulations/geometryXVx/bump_on_tail/bumpontail_fem_uniform.cpp
+++ b/simulations/geometryXVx/bump_on_tail/bumpontail_fem_uniform.cpp
@@ -29,7 +29,6 @@
 #include "params.yaml.hpp"
 #include "pdi_out.yml.hpp"
 #include "predcorr.hpp"
-#include "quadrature.hpp"
 #include "restartinitialization.hpp"
 #include "singlemodeperturbinitialization.hpp"
 #include "species_info.hpp"
@@ -223,8 +222,10 @@ int main(int argc, char** argv)
 #endif
     DFieldVx const quadrature_coeffs
             = neumann_spline_quadrature_coefficients(gridvx, builder_vx_poisson);
-    Quadrature<IDimVx> const integrate_v(quadrature_coeffs);
-    ChargeDensityCalculator rhs(integrate_v);
+    auto const quadrature_coeffs_device = ddc::create_mirror_view_and_copy(
+            Kokkos::DefaultExecutionSpace(),
+            quadrature_coeffs.span_view());
+    ChargeDensityCalculator rhs(quadrature_coeffs_device);
     FemPoissonSolverX const poisson(builder_x_poisson, spline_x_evaluator_poisson, rhs);
 
     PredCorr const predcorr(vlasov, poisson);
diff --git a/simulations/geometryXVx/bump_on_tail/bumpontail_fft.cpp b/simulations/geometryXVx/bump_on_tail/bumpontail_fft.cpp
index 72a3b1533..87f120139 100644
--- a/simulations/geometryXVx/bump_on_tail/bumpontail_fft.cpp
+++ b/simulations/geometryXVx/bump_on_tail/bumpontail_fft.cpp
@@ -25,7 +25,6 @@
 #include "params.yaml.hpp"
 #include "pdi_out.yml.hpp"
 #include "predcorr.hpp"
-#include "quadrature.hpp"
 #include "restartinitialization.hpp"
 #include "singlemodeperturbinitialization.hpp"
 #include "species_info.hpp"
@@ -213,8 +212,10 @@ int main(int argc, char** argv)
 
     DFieldVx const quadrature_coeffs
             = neumann_spline_quadrature_coefficients(gridvx, builder_vx_poisson);
-    Quadrature<IDimVx> const integrate_v(quadrature_coeffs);
-    ChargeDensityCalculator rhs(integrate_v);
+    auto const quadrature_coeffs_device = ddc::create_mirror_view_and_copy(
+            Kokkos::DefaultExecutionSpace(),
+            quadrature_coeffs.span_view());
+    ChargeDensityCalculator rhs(quadrature_coeffs_device);
     FftPoissonSolver const poisson(rhs);
 
     PredCorr const predcorr(vlasov, poisson);
diff --git a/simulations/geometryXVx/landau/landau_fem_uniform.cpp b/simulations/geometryXVx/landau/landau_fem_uniform.cpp
index 7bb94a531..c88d96d1c 100644
--- a/simulations/geometryXVx/landau/landau_fem_uniform.cpp
+++ b/simulations/geometryXVx/landau/landau_fem_uniform.cpp
@@ -28,7 +28,6 @@
 #include "params.yaml.hpp"
 #include "pdi_out.yml.hpp"
 #include "predcorr.hpp"
-#include "quadrature.hpp"
 #include "restartinitialization.hpp"
 #include "singlemodeperturbinitialization.hpp"
 #include "species_info.hpp"
@@ -222,8 +221,10 @@ int main(int argc, char** argv)
 #endif
     DFieldVx const quadrature_coeffs
             = neumann_spline_quadrature_coefficients(gridvx, builder_vx_poisson);
-    Quadrature<IDimVx> const integrate_v(quadrature_coeffs);
-    ChargeDensityCalculator rhs(integrate_v);
+    auto const quadrature_coeffs_device = ddc::create_mirror_view_and_copy(
+            Kokkos::DefaultExecutionSpace(),
+            quadrature_coeffs.span_view());
+    ChargeDensityCalculator rhs(quadrature_coeffs_device);
     FemPoissonSolverX const poisson(builder_x_poisson, spline_x_evaluator_poisson, rhs);
 
     PredCorr const predcorr(vlasov, poisson);
diff --git a/simulations/geometryXVx/landau/landau_fft.cpp b/simulations/geometryXVx/landau/landau_fft.cpp
index 6bcaaf4ee..d7740d817 100644
--- a/simulations/geometryXVx/landau/landau_fft.cpp
+++ b/simulations/geometryXVx/landau/landau_fft.cpp
@@ -16,16 +16,15 @@
 
 #include "bsl_advection_vx_batched.hpp"
 #include "bsl_advection_x_batched.hpp"
+#include "chargedensitycalculator.hpp"
 #include "fftpoissonsolver.hpp"
 #include "geometry.hpp"
 #include "maxwellianequilibrium.hpp"
 #include "neumann_spline_quadrature.hpp"
 #include "paraconfpp.hpp"
-#include "parallelchargedensitycalculator.hpp"
 #include "params.yaml.hpp"
 #include "pdi_out.yml.hpp"
 #include "predcorr.hpp"
-#include "quadrature.hpp"
 #include "restartinitialization.hpp"
 #include "singlemodeperturbinitialization.hpp"
 #include "species_info.hpp"
@@ -217,7 +216,7 @@ int main(int argc, char** argv)
     auto quadrature_coeffs_device = ddc::create_mirror_view_and_copy(
             Kokkos::DefaultExecutionSpace(),
             quadrature_coeffs.span_view());
-    ParallelChargeDensityCalculator rhs(quadrature_coeffs_device);
+    ChargeDensityCalculator rhs(quadrature_coeffs_device);
     FftPoissonSolver const poisson(rhs);
 
     PredCorr const predcorr(vlasov, poisson);
diff --git a/simulations/geometryXVx/sheath/sheath.cpp b/simulations/geometryXVx/sheath/sheath.cpp
index 2f1f0745d..82fa213be 100644
--- a/simulations/geometryXVx/sheath/sheath.cpp
+++ b/simulations/geometryXVx/sheath/sheath.cpp
@@ -20,7 +20,6 @@
 
 #include "bsl_advection_vx_batched.hpp"
 #include "bsl_advection_x_batched.hpp"
-#include "chargedensitycalculator.hpp"
 #include "collisions_intra.hpp"
 #ifdef PERIODIC_RDIMX
 #include "femperiodicpoissonsolver.hpp"
@@ -28,6 +27,7 @@
 #include "femnonperiodicpoissonsolver.hpp"
 #endif
 #include "Lagrange_interpolator_batched.hpp"
+#include "chargedensitycalculator.hpp"
 #include "fftpoissonsolver.hpp"
 #include "geometry.hpp"
 #include "irighthandside.hpp"
@@ -39,7 +39,6 @@
 #include "paraconfpp.hpp"
 #include "pdi_out.yml.hpp"
 #include "predcorr.hpp"
-#include "quadrature.hpp"
 #include "restartinitialization.hpp"
 #include "sheath.yaml.hpp"
 #include "singlemodeperturbinitialization.hpp"
@@ -304,8 +303,10 @@ int main(int argc, char** argv)
     DFieldVx const quadrature_coeffs
             = neumann_spline_quadrature_coefficients(gridvx, builder_vx_poisson);
 
-    Quadrature<IDimVx> const integrate_v(quadrature_coeffs);
-    ChargeDensityCalculator rhs(integrate_v);
+    auto const quadrature_coeffs_device = ddc::create_mirror_view_and_copy(
+            Kokkos::DefaultExecutionSpace(),
+            quadrature_coeffs.span_view());
+    ChargeDensityCalculator rhs(quadrature_coeffs_device);
 #ifdef PERIODIC_RDIMX
     ddc::init_fourier_space<RDimX>(ddc::select<IDimX>(meshSpXVx));
     FftPoissonSolver const poisson(rhs);
diff --git a/src/geometryXVx/poisson/CMakeLists.txt b/src/geometryXVx/poisson/CMakeLists.txt
index 24b046ea0..6ac8b4585 100644
--- a/src/geometryXVx/poisson/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/src/geometryXVx/poisson/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@ foreach(GEOMETRY_VARIANT IN LISTS GEOMETRY_XVx_VARIANTS_LIST)
 
 add_library("poisson_${GEOMETRY_VARIANT}" STATIC
     chargedensitycalculator.cpp
-    parallelchargedensitycalculator.cpp
     electricfield.cpp
     nullpoissonsolver.cpp
 )
diff --git a/src/geometryXVx/poisson/chargedensitycalculator.cpp b/src/geometryXVx/poisson/chargedensitycalculator.cpp
index be8920b24..3a376a9b1 100644
--- a/src/geometryXVx/poisson/chargedensitycalculator.cpp
+++ b/src/geometryXVx/poisson/chargedensitycalculator.cpp
@@ -3,24 +3,17 @@
 #include <ddc/ddc.hpp>
 
 #include "chargedensitycalculator.hpp"
-#include "quadrature.hpp"
-#include "simpson_quadrature.hpp"
 
-
-
-ChargeDensityCalculator::ChargeDensityCalculator(Quadrature<IDimVx> const& quad) : m_quad(quad) {}
+ChargeDensityCalculator::ChargeDensityCalculator(const ChunkViewType& coeffs)
+    : m_coefficients(coeffs)
+{
+}
 
 device_t<DSpanX> ChargeDensityCalculator::operator()(
-        device_t<DSpanX> const rho_device,
-        device_t<DViewSpXVx> const allfdistribu_device) const
+        device_t<DSpanX> const rho,
+        device_t<DViewSpXVx> const allfdistribu) const
 {
     Kokkos::Profiling::pushRegion("ChargeDensityCalculator");
-    auto allfdistribu_alloc = ddc::create_mirror_view_and_copy(allfdistribu_device);
-    auto rho_alloc = ddc::create_mirror_view_and_copy(rho_device);
-    ddc::ChunkSpan const allfdistribu = allfdistribu_alloc.span_cview();
-    ddc::ChunkSpan const rho = rho_alloc.span_view();
-
-    DFieldVx f_vx_slice(allfdistribu.domain<IDimVx>());
     IndexSp const last_kin_species = allfdistribu.domain<IDimSp>().back();
     IndexSp const last_species = ddc::discrete_space<IDimSp>().charges().domain().back();
     double chargedens_adiabspecies = 0.;
@@ -28,16 +21,45 @@ device_t<DSpanX> ChargeDensityCalculator::operator()(
         chargedens_adiabspecies = double(charge(last_species));
     }
 
-    ddc::for_each(rho.domain(), [&](IndexX const ix) {
-        rho(ix) = chargedens_adiabspecies;
-        ddc::for_each(ddc::get_domain<IDimSp>(allfdistribu), [&](IndexSp const isp) {
-            ddc::deepcopy(f_vx_slice, allfdistribu[isp][ix]);
+    // reduction over species and velocity space
+    Kokkos::View<const double***, Kokkos::LayoutRight> const allfdistribu_view
+            = allfdistribu.allocation_kokkos_view();
+    Kokkos::View<double*, Kokkos::LayoutRight> const rho_view = rho.allocation_kokkos_view();
+
+    ViewSp<int> const charges = ddc::host_discrete_space<IDimSp>().charges();
+    ViewSp<int> const kinetic_charges = charges[allfdistribu.domain<IDimSp>()];
+
+    auto charges_alloc
+            = create_mirror_view_and_copy(Kokkos::DefaultExecutionSpace(), kinetic_charges);
+
+    Kokkos::View<const int*, Kokkos::LayoutRight> const charges_view
+            = charges_alloc.span_cview().allocation_kokkos_view();
+
+    Kokkos::View<const double*, Kokkos::LayoutRight> const coef_view
+            = m_coefficients.allocation_kokkos_view();
+
+    std::size_t const nsp = allfdistribu_view.extent(0);
+    std::size_t const nx = allfdistribu_view.extent(1);
+    std::size_t const nvx = allfdistribu_view.extent(2);
 
-            rho(ix) += charge(isp) * m_quad(f_vx_slice.span_view());
-        });
-    });
-    ddc::deepcopy(rho_device, rho);
+    Kokkos::parallel_for(
+            Kokkos::TeamPolicy<>(nx, Kokkos::AUTO),
+            KOKKOS_LAMBDA(const Kokkos::TeamPolicy<>::member_type& team) {
+                const int ix = team.league_rank();
+                double teamSum = 0;
+                Kokkos::parallel_reduce(
+                        Kokkos::TeamThreadRange(team, nvx),
+                        [&](int const& ivx, double& sum) {
+                            // [TO DO] Nested reduction may be possible?
+                            for (std::size_t isp = 0; isp < nsp; isp++) {
+                                sum += static_cast<double>(charges_view(isp)) * coef_view(ivx)
+                                       * allfdistribu_view(isp, ix, ivx);
+                            }
+                        },
+                        teamSum);
+                rho_view(ix) = chargedens_adiabspecies + teamSum;
+            });
     Kokkos::Profiling::popRegion();
 
-    return rho_device;
+    return rho;
 }
diff --git a/src/geometryXVx/poisson/chargedensitycalculator.hpp b/src/geometryXVx/poisson/chargedensitycalculator.hpp
index 0b60174fb..d644a0464 100644
--- a/src/geometryXVx/poisson/chargedensitycalculator.hpp
+++ b/src/geometryXVx/poisson/chargedensitycalculator.hpp
@@ -7,11 +7,9 @@
 #include <geometry.hpp>
 
 #include "ichargedensitycalculator.hpp"
-#include "quadrature.hpp"
-#include "simpson_quadrature.hpp"
 
 /**
- * @brief A class which computes charges density.
+ * @brief A class which computes charges density with Kokkos.
  *
  * A class which computes charges density by solving the equation:
  * @f$ \int_{v} q_s f_s(x,v) dv @f$
@@ -20,15 +18,17 @@
  */
 class ChargeDensityCalculator : public IChargeDensityCalculator
 {
-    const Quadrature<IDimVx>& m_quad;
+private:
+    using ChunkViewType = device_t<DViewVx>;
+    ChunkViewType m_coefficients;
 
 public:
     /**
      * @brief Create a ChargeDensityCalculator object.
-     *
-     * @param quad The quadrature method which should be used.
+     * @param[in] coeffs
+     *            The coefficients of the quadrature.
      */
-    ChargeDensityCalculator(const Quadrature<IDimVx>& quad);
+    explicit ChargeDensityCalculator(const ChunkViewType& coeffs);
 
     /**
      * @brief Computes the charge density rho from the distribution function.
diff --git a/src/geometryXVx/poisson/parallelchargedensitycalculator.cpp b/src/geometryXVx/poisson/parallelchargedensitycalculator.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 033597232..000000000
--- a/src/geometryXVx/poisson/parallelchargedensitycalculator.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,65 +0,0 @@
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
-
-#include <ddc/ddc.hpp>
-
-#include "parallelchargedensitycalculator.hpp"
-
-ParallelChargeDensityCalculator::ParallelChargeDensityCalculator(const ChunkViewType& coeffs)
-    : m_coefficients(coeffs)
-{
-}
-
-device_t<DSpanX> ParallelChargeDensityCalculator::operator()(
-        device_t<DSpanX> const rho,
-        device_t<DViewSpXVx> const allfdistribu) const
-{
-    Kokkos::Profiling::pushRegion("ChargeDensityCalculator");
-    IndexSp const last_kin_species = allfdistribu.domain<IDimSp>().back();
-    IndexSp const last_species = ddc::discrete_space<IDimSp>().charges().domain().back();
-    double chargedens_adiabspecies = 0.;
-    if (last_kin_species != last_species) {
-        chargedens_adiabspecies = double(charge(last_species));
-    }
-
-    // reduction over species and velocity space
-    Kokkos::View<const double***, Kokkos::LayoutRight> const allfdistribu_view
-            = allfdistribu.allocation_kokkos_view();
-    Kokkos::View<double*, Kokkos::LayoutRight> const rho_view = rho.allocation_kokkos_view();
-
-    ViewSp<int> const charges = ddc::host_discrete_space<IDimSp>().charges();
-    ViewSp<int> const kinetic_charges = charges[allfdistribu.domain<IDimSp>()];
-
-    auto charges_alloc
-            = create_mirror_view_and_copy(Kokkos::DefaultExecutionSpace(), kinetic_charges);
-
-    Kokkos::View<const int*, Kokkos::LayoutRight> const charges_view
-            = charges_alloc.span_cview().allocation_kokkos_view();
-
-    Kokkos::View<const double*, Kokkos::LayoutRight> const coef_view
-            = m_coefficients.allocation_kokkos_view();
-
-    std::size_t const nsp = allfdistribu_view.extent(0);
-    std::size_t const nx = allfdistribu_view.extent(1);
-    std::size_t const nvx = allfdistribu_view.extent(2);
-
-    Kokkos::parallel_for(
-            Kokkos::TeamPolicy<>(nx, Kokkos::AUTO),
-            KOKKOS_LAMBDA(const Kokkos::TeamPolicy<>::member_type& team) {
-                const int ix = team.league_rank();
-                double teamSum = 0;
-                Kokkos::parallel_reduce(
-                        Kokkos::TeamThreadRange(team, nvx),
-                        [&](int const& ivx, double& sum) {
-                            // [TO DO] Nested reduction may be possible?
-                            for (std::size_t isp = 0; isp < nsp; isp++) {
-                                sum += static_cast<double>(charges_view(isp)) * coef_view(ivx)
-                                       * allfdistribu_view(isp, ix, ivx);
-                            }
-                        },
-                        teamSum);
-                rho_view(ix) = chargedens_adiabspecies + teamSum;
-            });
-    Kokkos::Profiling::popRegion();
-
-    return rho;
-}
diff --git a/src/geometryXVx/poisson/parallelchargedensitycalculator.hpp b/src/geometryXVx/poisson/parallelchargedensitycalculator.hpp
deleted file mode 100644
index a8d821240..000000000
--- a/src/geometryXVx/poisson/parallelchargedensitycalculator.hpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,42 +0,0 @@
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
-
-#pragma once
-
-#include <ddc/ddc.hpp>
-
-#include <geometry.hpp>
-
-#include "ichargedensitycalculator.hpp"
-
-/**
- * @brief A class which computes charges density with Kokkos.
- *
- * A class which computes charges density by solving the equation:
- * @f$ \int_{v} q_s f_s(x,v) dv @f$
- * where @f$ q_s @f$ is the charge of the species @f$ s @f$ and
- * @f$ f_s(x,v) @f$ is the distribution function.
- */
-class ParallelChargeDensityCalculator : public IChargeDensityCalculator
-{
-private:
-    using ChunkViewType = device_t<DViewVx>;
-    ChunkViewType m_coefficients;
-
-public:
-    /**
-     * @brief Create a ParallelChargeDensityCalculator object.
-     * @param[in] coeffs
-     *            The coefficients of the quadrature.
-     */
-    explicit ParallelChargeDensityCalculator(const ChunkViewType& coeffs);
-
-    /**
-     * @brief Computes the charge density rho from the distribution function.
-     * @param[in, out] rho
-     * @param[in] allfdistribu 
-     *
-     * @return rho The charge density.
-     */
-    device_t<DSpanX> operator()(device_t<DSpanX> rho, device_t<DViewSpXVx> allfdistribu)
-            const final;
-};
diff --git a/tests/geometryXVx/femnonperiodicpoissonsolver.cpp b/tests/geometryXVx/femnonperiodicpoissonsolver.cpp
index 5742a19c7..472c579c0 100644
--- a/tests/geometryXVx/femnonperiodicpoissonsolver.cpp
+++ b/tests/geometryXVx/femnonperiodicpoissonsolver.cpp
@@ -70,8 +70,10 @@ TEST(FemNonPeriodicPoissonSolver, Ordering)
     ddc::init_discrete_space<IDimSp>(std::move(charges), std::move(masses));
 
     DFieldVx const quadrature_coeffs = neumann_spline_quadrature_coefficients(gridvx, builder_vx);
-    Quadrature<IDimVx> const integrate_v(quadrature_coeffs);
-    ChargeDensityCalculator rhs(integrate_v);
+    auto const quadrature_coeffs_device = ddc::create_mirror_view_and_copy(
+            Kokkos::DefaultExecutionSpace(),
+            quadrature_coeffs.span_view());
+    ChargeDensityCalculator rhs(quadrature_coeffs_device);
     FemNonPeriodicPoissonSolver poisson(builder_x, spline_x_evaluator, rhs);
 
     DFieldX electrostatic_potential(gridx);
diff --git a/tests/geometryXVx/femperiodicpoissonsolver.cpp b/tests/geometryXVx/femperiodicpoissonsolver.cpp
index d744722c0..d6a9145ae 100644
--- a/tests/geometryXVx/femperiodicpoissonsolver.cpp
+++ b/tests/geometryXVx/femperiodicpoissonsolver.cpp
@@ -66,8 +66,10 @@ TEST(FemPeriodicPoissonSolver, CosineSource)
     ddc::init_discrete_space<IDimSp>(std::move(charges), std::move(masses));
 
     DFieldVx const quadrature_coeffs = neumann_spline_quadrature_coefficients(gridvx, builder_vx);
-    Quadrature<IDimVx> const integrate_v(quadrature_coeffs);
-    ChargeDensityCalculator rhs(integrate_v);
+    auto const quadrature_coeffs_device = ddc::create_mirror_view_and_copy(
+            Kokkos::DefaultExecutionSpace(),
+            quadrature_coeffs.span_view());
+    ChargeDensityCalculator rhs(quadrature_coeffs_device);
     FemPeriodicPoissonSolver poisson(builder_x, spline_x_evaluator, rhs);
 
     DFieldX electrostatic_potential(gridx);
diff --git a/tests/geometryXVx/fftpoissonsolver.cpp b/tests/geometryXVx/fftpoissonsolver.cpp
index bc59529e8..6631fe4e5 100644
--- a/tests/geometryXVx/fftpoissonsolver.cpp
+++ b/tests/geometryXVx/fftpoissonsolver.cpp
@@ -12,8 +12,6 @@
 #include "fftpoissonsolver.hpp"
 #include "geometry.hpp"
 #include "neumann_spline_quadrature.hpp"
-#include "parallelchargedensitycalculator.hpp"
-#include "quadrature.hpp"
 #include "species_info.hpp"
 
 TEST(FftPoissonSolver, CosineSource)
@@ -63,8 +61,10 @@ TEST(FftPoissonSolver, CosineSource)
     ddc::init_discrete_space<IDimSp>(std::move(charges), std::move(masses));
 
     DFieldVx const quadrature_coeffs = neumann_spline_quadrature_coefficients(gridvx, builder_vx);
-    Quadrature<IDimVx> const integrate_v(quadrature_coeffs);
-    ChargeDensityCalculator rhs(integrate_v);
+    auto const quadrature_coeffs_device = ddc::create_mirror_view_and_copy(
+            Kokkos::DefaultExecutionSpace(),
+            quadrature_coeffs.span_view());
+    ChargeDensityCalculator rhs(quadrature_coeffs_device);
     FftPoissonSolver poisson(rhs);
 
     DFieldX electrostatic_potential(gridx);
@@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ TEST(FftPoissonSolver, CosineSourceParallel)
     device_t<DFieldVx> quadrature_coeffs_device(quadrature_coeffs.domain());
 
     ddc::deepcopy(quadrature_coeffs_device, quadrature_coeffs);
-    ParallelChargeDensityCalculator rhs(quadrature_coeffs_device);
+    ChargeDensityCalculator rhs(quadrature_coeffs_device);
     FftPoissonSolver poisson(rhs);
 
     DFieldX electrostatic_potential(gridx);