From 9f05ef5fca4522ea77ba72d3bf1c8d95a6f56831 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Stefan Schulz <stefan.schulz.2507@gmail.com>
Date: Sun, 27 Mar 2022 21:22:35 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 1/2] anyio tests

---
 pyproject.toml                             |  8 +-
 tests/benchmarks/test_execution_async.py   | 23 +++++-
 tests/conftest.py                          | 15 ++++
 tests/execution/test_abstract.py           |  4 +-
 tests/execution/test_executor.py           | 12 +--
 tests/execution/test_lists.py              | 14 ++--
 tests/execution/test_map_async_iterator.py | 89 +++++++++++++---------
 tests/execution/test_middleware.py         |  4 +-
 tests/execution/test_mutations.py          | 10 +--
 tests/execution/test_nonnull.py            | 20 ++---
 tests/execution/test_parallel.py           | 23 +++---
 tests/execution/test_subscribe.py          | 48 ++++++------
 tests/execution/test_sync.py               | 10 +--
 tests/pyutils/test_inspect.py              |  2 +-
 tests/pyutils/test_is_awaitable.py         |  8 +-
 tests/pyutils/test_simple_pub_sub.py       | 10 +--
 tests/test_star_wars_query.py              | 36 ++++-----
 tests/test_user_registry.py                | 30 +++-----
 18 files changed, 207 insertions(+), 159 deletions(-)

diff --git a/pyproject.toml b/pyproject.toml
index 3a71c2e3..1e835183 100644
--- a/pyproject.toml
+++ b/pyproject.toml
@@ -42,15 +42,12 @@ packages = [
 ]
 
 [tool.poetry.dependencies]
-python = "^3.6"
+python = "^3.6,>=3.6.2"
 typing-extensions = { version = "^4.0", python = "<3.8" }
+anyio = "^3.5.0"
 
 [tool.poetry.dev-dependencies]
 pytest = "^6.2"
-pytest-asyncio = [
-    {version=">=0.17,<1", python = ">=3.7" },
-    {version=">=0.16,<0.17", python = "<3.7" },
-]
 pytest-benchmark = "^3.4"
 pytest-cov = "^3.0"
 pytest-describe = "^2.0"
@@ -66,6 +63,7 @@ sphinx_rtd_theme = ">=1,<2"
 check-manifest = ">=0.47,<1"
 bump2version = ">=1.0,<2"
 tox = "^3.24"
+trio = { version = "^0.20.0", python = ">=3.7"}
 
 [tool.black]
 target-version = ['py36', 'py37', 'py38', 'py39', 'py310']
diff --git a/tests/benchmarks/test_execution_async.py b/tests/benchmarks/test_execution_async.py
index de7de2e5..87b0cb87 100644
--- a/tests/benchmarks/test_execution_async.py
+++ b/tests/benchmarks/test_execution_async.py
@@ -1,4 +1,7 @@
 import asyncio
+
+from pytest import mark
+
 from graphql import (
     GraphQLSchema,
     GraphQLObjectType,
@@ -37,7 +40,10 @@ async def resolve_user(obj, info):
 )
 
 
-def test_execute_basic_async(benchmark):
+@mark.parametrize("anyio_backend", ["asyncio"])
+def test_execute_basic_async(anyio_backend, benchmark):
+    # Note: test too low level for anyio, duplicated test for trio below
+
     # Note: we are creating the async loop outside of the benchmark code so that
     # the setup is not included in the benchmark timings
     loop = asyncio.events.new_event_loop()
@@ -54,3 +60,18 @@ def test_execute_basic_async(benchmark):
             "name": "Sarah",
         },
     }
+
+
+@mark.parametrize("anyio_backend", ["trio"])
+def test_execute_basic_async_trio(anyio_backend, benchmark):
+    # TODO: can the trio loop be started beforehand? run benchmark in async function somehow?
+    import trio
+
+    result = benchmark(lambda: trio.run(graphql, schema, "query { user { id, name }}"))
+    assert not result.errors
+    assert result.data == {
+        "user": {
+            "id": "1",
+            "name": "Sarah",
+        },
+    }
diff --git a/tests/conftest.py b/tests/conftest.py
index afb04855..a9cae61f 100644
--- a/tests/conftest.py
+++ b/tests/conftest.py
@@ -1,7 +1,22 @@
 # pytest configuration
 
+import sys
+
 import pytest
 
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 7):
+    event_loops = [
+        pytest.param(("asyncio"), id="asyncio"),
+        pytest.param(("trio"), id="trio"),
+    ]
+else:
+    event_loops = [pytest.param(("asyncio"), id="asyncio")]
+
+
+@pytest.fixture(params=event_loops)
+def anyio_backend(request):
+    return request.param
+
 
 def pytest_addoption(parser):
     parser.addoption(
diff --git a/tests/execution/test_abstract.py b/tests/execution/test_abstract.py
index efc130f1..4bfc0dfd 100644
--- a/tests/execution/test_abstract.py
+++ b/tests/execution/test_abstract.py
@@ -20,14 +20,14 @@
 
 def sync_and_async(spec):
     """Decorator for running a test synchronously and asynchronously."""
-    return mark.asyncio(
+    return mark.anyio(
         mark.parametrize("sync", (True, False), ids=("sync", "async"))(spec)
     )
 
 
 def access_variants(spec):
     """Decorator for tests with dict and object access, including inheritance."""
-    return mark.asyncio(
+    return mark.anyio(
         mark.parametrize("access", ("dict", "object", "inheritance"))(spec)
     )
 
diff --git a/tests/execution/test_executor.py b/tests/execution/test_executor.py
index 7cd2260a..58b2ce39 100644
--- a/tests/execution/test_executor.py
+++ b/tests/execution/test_executor.py
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import asyncio
+import anyio
 from typing import cast, Any, Awaitable, Optional
 
 from pytest import mark, raises
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ def accepts_positional_arguments():
 
         assert result == ({"a": "rootValue"}, None)
 
-    @mark.asyncio
+    @mark.anyio
     async def executes_arbitrary_code():
         # noinspection PyMethodMayBeStatic,PyMethodMayBeStatic
         class Data:
@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ def deeper(self, _info):
                 return [Data(), None, Data()]
 
         async def promise_data():
-            await asyncio.sleep(0)
+            await anyio.sleep(0)
             return Data()
 
         DeepDataType: GraphQLObjectType
@@ -422,7 +422,7 @@ def resolve(_obj, _info, **args):
         assert len(resolved_args) == 1
         assert resolved_args[0] == {"numArg": 123, "stringArg": "foo"}
 
-    @mark.asyncio
+    @mark.anyio
     async def nulls_out_error_subtrees():
         document = parse(
             """
@@ -832,7 +832,7 @@ def resolves_to_an_error_if_schema_does_not_support_operation():
             ],
         )
 
-    @mark.asyncio
+    @mark.anyio
     async def correct_field_ordering_despite_execution_order():
         schema = GraphQLSchema(
             GraphQLObjectType(
@@ -948,7 +948,7 @@ def does_not_include_arguments_that_were_not_set():
             None,
         )
 
-    @mark.asyncio
+    @mark.anyio
     async def fails_when_is_type_of_check_is_not_met():
         class Special:
             value: str
diff --git a/tests/execution/test_lists.py b/tests/execution/test_lists.py
index 729c1191..7472e7e9 100644
--- a/tests/execution/test_lists.py
+++ b/tests/execution/test_lists.py
@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ def execute_query(list_value: Any) -> Any:
 
         return result
 
-    @mark.asyncio
+    @mark.anyio
     async def contains_values():
         list_field = [1, 2]
         assert await _complete(list_field, "[Int]") == ({"listField": [1, 2]}, None)
@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ async def contains_values():
         assert await _complete(list_field, "[Int!]") == ({"listField": [1, 2]}, None)
         assert await _complete(list_field, "[Int!]!") == ({"listField": [1, 2]}, None)
 
-    @mark.asyncio
+    @mark.anyio
     async def contains_null():
         list_field = [1, None, 2]
         errors = [
@@ -146,7 +146,7 @@ async def contains_null():
         assert await _complete(list_field, "[Int!]") == ({"listField": None}, errors)
         assert await _complete(list_field, "[Int!]!") == (None, errors)
 
-    @mark.asyncio
+    @mark.anyio
     async def returns_null():
         list_field = None
         errors = [
@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ async def returns_null():
         assert await _complete(list_field, "[Int!]") == ({"listField": None}, None)
         assert await _complete(list_field, "[Int!]!") == (None, errors)
 
-    @mark.asyncio
+    @mark.anyio
     async def contains_error():
         list_field = [1, RuntimeError("bad"), 2]
         errors = [
@@ -188,7 +188,7 @@ async def contains_error():
             errors,
         )
 
-    @mark.asyncio
+    @mark.anyio
     async def results_in_errors():
         list_field = RuntimeError("bad")
         errors = [
@@ -227,7 +227,7 @@ async def _complete(list_field):
         result = cast(Awaitable, result)
         return await result
 
-    @mark.asyncio
+    @mark.anyio
     async def accepts_an_async_generator_as_a_list_value():
         async def list_field():
             yield "one"
@@ -239,7 +239,7 @@ async def list_field():
             None,
         )
 
-    @mark.asyncio
+    @mark.anyio
     async def accepts_a_custom_async_iterable_as_a_list_value():
         class ListField:
             def __aiter__(self):
diff --git a/tests/execution/test_map_async_iterator.py b/tests/execution/test_map_async_iterator.py
index 299d010a..43f3d8dc 100644
--- a/tests/execution/test_map_async_iterator.py
+++ b/tests/execution/test_map_async_iterator.py
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import sys
-from asyncio import CancelledError, Event, ensure_future, sleep
+from anyio import create_task_group, get_cancelled_exc_class, sleep, Event
 
 from pytest import mark, raises
 
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ async def anext(iterator):
 
 
 def describe_map_async_iterator():
-    @mark.asyncio
+    @mark.anyio
     async def maps_over_async_generator():
         async def source():
             yield 1
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ async def source():
         with raises(StopAsyncIteration):
             assert await anext(doubles)
 
-    @mark.asyncio
+    @mark.anyio
     async def maps_over_async_iterable():
         items = [1, 2, 3]
 
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ async def __anext__(self):
         assert not items
         assert values == [2, 4, 6]
 
-    @mark.asyncio
+    @mark.anyio
     async def compatible_with_async_for():
         async def source():
             yield 1
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ async def source():
 
         assert values == [2, 4, 6]
 
-    @mark.asyncio
+    @mark.anyio
     async def maps_over_async_values_with_async_function():
         async def source():
             yield 1
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ async def double(x):
 
         assert values == [2, 4, 6]
 
-    @mark.asyncio
+    @mark.anyio
     async def allows_returning_early_from_mapped_async_generator():
         async def source():
             yield 1
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ async def source():
         with raises(StopAsyncIteration):
             await anext(doubles)
 
-    @mark.asyncio
+    @mark.anyio
     async def allows_returning_early_from_mapped_async_iterable():
         items = [1, 2, 3]
 
@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ async def __anext__(self):
         with raises(StopAsyncIteration):
             await anext(doubles)
 
-    @mark.asyncio
+    @mark.anyio
     async def passes_through_early_return_from_async_values():
         async def source():
             try:
@@ -154,7 +154,7 @@ async def source():
         with raises(GeneratorExit):
             assert await anext(doubles)
 
-    @mark.asyncio
+    @mark.anyio
     async def allows_throwing_errors_through_async_iterable():
         items = [1, 2, 3]
 
@@ -184,7 +184,7 @@ async def __anext__(self):
         with raises(StopAsyncIteration):
             await anext(doubles)
 
-    @mark.asyncio
+    @mark.anyio
     async def allows_throwing_errors_with_values_through_async_iterators():
         class Iterator:
             def __aiter__(self):
@@ -210,7 +210,7 @@ async def __anext__(self):
         with raises(StopAsyncIteration):
             await anext(one)
 
-    @mark.asyncio
+    @mark.anyio
     async def allows_throwing_errors_with_traceback_through_async_iterators():
         class Iterator:
             def __aiter__(self):
@@ -236,7 +236,7 @@ async def __anext__(self):
         with raises(StopAsyncIteration):
             await anext(one)
 
-    @mark.asyncio
+    @mark.anyio
     async def passes_through_caught_errors_through_async_generators():
         async def source():
             try:
@@ -259,7 +259,7 @@ async def source():
         with raises(StopAsyncIteration):
             await anext(doubles)
 
-    @mark.asyncio
+    @mark.anyio
     async def does_not_normally_map_over_thrown_errors():
         async def source():
             yield "Hello"
@@ -274,7 +274,7 @@ async def source():
 
         assert str(exc_info.value) == "Goodbye"
 
-    @mark.asyncio
+    @mark.anyio
     async def does_not_normally_map_over_externally_thrown_errors():
         async def source():
             yield "Hello"
@@ -288,7 +288,7 @@ async def source():
 
         assert str(exc_info.value) == "Goodbye"
 
-    @mark.asyncio
+    @mark.anyio
     async def can_use_simple_iterator_instead_of_generator():
         async def source():
             yield 1
@@ -367,7 +367,7 @@ def double(x):
 
         await sleep(0)
 
-    @mark.asyncio
+    @mark.anyio
     async def stops_async_iteration_on_close():
         async def source():
             yield 1
@@ -381,21 +381,35 @@ async def source():
         result = await anext(doubles)
         assert result == 2
 
-        # Make sure it is blocked
-        doubles_future = ensure_future(anext(doubles))
-        await sleep(0.05)
-        assert not doubles_future.done()
+        done = False
 
-        # Unblock and watch StopAsyncIteration propagate
-        await doubles.aclose()
-        await sleep(0.05)
-        assert doubles_future.done()
-        assert isinstance(doubles_future.exception(), StopAsyncIteration)
+        async def set_done():
+            nonlocal done
+            try:
+                await anext(doubles)
+            except StopAsyncIteration:
+                done = True
+                raise
+
+        with raises(StopAsyncIteration):
+            async with create_task_group() as tg:
+                # Make sure it is blocked
+                tg.start_soon(set_done)
+                await sleep(0.05)
+                assert not done
+
+                # Unblock and watch StopAsyncIteration propagate
+                try:
+                    await doubles.aclose()
+                except:
+                    assert False  # ensure that aclose does not raise a StopAsyncIteration
+                    
+        assert done
 
         with raises(StopAsyncIteration):
             await anext(singles)
 
-    @mark.asyncio
+    @mark.anyio
     async def can_unset_closed_state_of_async_iterator():
         items = [1, 2, 3]
 
@@ -445,7 +459,7 @@ async def aclose(self):
         assert not doubles.is_closed
         assert not iterator.is_closed
 
-    @mark.asyncio
+    @mark.anyio
     async def can_cancel_async_iterator_while_waiting():
         class Iterator:
             def __init__(self):
@@ -459,7 +473,7 @@ async def __anext__(self):
                 try:
                     await sleep(0.5)
                     return self.value  # pragma: no cover
-                except CancelledError:
+                except get_cancelled_exc_class():
                     self.value = -1
                     raise
 
@@ -475,17 +489,18 @@ async def iterator_task():
             try:
                 async for _ in doubles:
                     assert False  # pragma: no cover
-            except CancelledError:
+            except get_cancelled_exc_class():
                 cancelled = True
 
-        task = ensure_future(iterator_task())
-        await sleep(0.05)
-        assert not cancelled
-        assert not doubles.is_closed
-        assert iterator.value == 1
-        assert not iterator.is_closed
-        task.cancel()
-        await sleep(0.05)
+        async with create_task_group() as tg:
+            tg.start_soon(iterator_task)
+            await sleep(0.05)
+            assert not cancelled
+            assert not doubles.is_closed
+            assert iterator.value == 1
+            assert not iterator.is_closed
+            tg.cancel_scope.cancel()
+
         assert cancelled
         assert iterator.value == -1
         assert doubles.is_closed
diff --git a/tests/execution/test_middleware.py b/tests/execution/test_middleware.py
index 6db8bdab..e8a7a4ed 100644
--- a/tests/execution/test_middleware.py
+++ b/tests/execution/test_middleware.py
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ def capitalize_middleware(next_, *args, **kwargs):
 
             assert result.data == {"first": "Eno", "second": "Owt"}  # type: ignore
 
-        @mark.asyncio
+        @mark.anyio
         async def single_async_function():
             doc = parse("{ first second }")
 
@@ -202,7 +202,7 @@ def resolve(self, next_, *args, **kwargs):
             )
             assert result.data == {"field": "devloseR"}  # type: ignore
 
-        @mark.asyncio
+        @mark.anyio
         async def with_async_function_and_object():
             doc = parse("{ field }")
 
diff --git a/tests/execution/test_mutations.py b/tests/execution/test_mutations.py
index 819eddd4..b9d25e58 100644
--- a/tests/execution/test_mutations.py
+++ b/tests/execution/test_mutations.py
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import asyncio
+import anyio
 from typing import Awaitable
 
 from pytest import mark
@@ -36,14 +36,14 @@ def immediately_change_the_number(self, newNumber: int) -> NumberHolder:
         return self.numberHolder
 
     async def promise_to_change_the_number(self, new_number: int) -> NumberHolder:
-        await asyncio.sleep(0)
+        await anyio.sleep(0)
         return self.immediately_change_the_number(new_number)
 
     def fail_to_change_the_number(self, newNumber: int):
         raise RuntimeError(f"Cannot change the number to {newNumber}")
 
     async def promise_and_fail_to_change_the_number(self, newNumber: int):
-        await asyncio.sleep(0)
+        await anyio.sleep(0)
         self.fail_to_change_the_number(newNumber)
 
 
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ async def promise_and_fail_to_change_the_number(self, newNumber: int):
 
 
 def describe_execute_handles_mutation_execution_ordering():
-    @mark.asyncio
+    @mark.anyio
     async def evaluates_mutations_serially():
         document = parse(
             """
@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ def does_not_include_illegal_mutation_fields_in_output():
         result = execute_sync(schema=schema, document=document)
         assert result == ({}, None)
 
-    @mark.asyncio
+    @mark.anyio
     async def evaluates_mutations_correctly_in_presence_of_a_failed_mutation():
         document = parse(
             """
diff --git a/tests/execution/test_nonnull.py b/tests/execution/test_nonnull.py
index da15e1b6..999c2bc4 100644
--- a/tests/execution/test_nonnull.py
+++ b/tests/execution/test_nonnull.py
@@ -125,12 +125,12 @@ def describe_nulls_a_nullable_field():
             }
             """
 
-        @mark.asyncio
+        @mark.anyio
         async def returns_null():
             result = await execute_sync_and_async(query, NullingData())
             assert result == ({"sync": None}, None)
 
-        @mark.asyncio
+        @mark.anyio
         async def throws():
             result = await execute_sync_and_async(query, ThrowingData())
             assert result == (
@@ -154,7 +154,7 @@ def describe_nulls_a_returned_object_that_contains_a_non_null_field():
             }
             """
 
-        @mark.asyncio
+        @mark.anyio
         async def that_returns_null():
             result = await execute_sync_and_async(query, NullingData())
             assert result == (
@@ -169,7 +169,7 @@ async def that_returns_null():
                 ],
             )
 
-        @mark.asyncio
+        @mark.anyio
         async def that_throws():
             result = await execute_sync_and_async(query, ThrowingData())
             assert result == (
@@ -215,14 +215,14 @@ def describe_nulls_a_complex_tree_of_nullable_fields_each():
             },
         }
 
-        @mark.asyncio
+        @mark.anyio
         async def returns_null():
             result = await cast(
                 Awaitable[ExecutionResult], execute_query(query, NullingData())
             )
             assert result == (data, None)
 
-        @mark.asyncio
+        @mark.anyio
         async def throws():
             result = await cast(
                 Awaitable[ExecutionResult], execute_query(query, ThrowingData())
@@ -349,7 +349,7 @@ def describe_nulls_first_nullable_after_long_chain_of_non_null_fields():
             "anotherPromiseNest": None,
         }
 
-        @mark.asyncio
+        @mark.anyio
         async def returns_null():
             result = await cast(
                 Awaitable[ExecutionResult], execute_query(query, NullingData())
@@ -412,7 +412,7 @@ async def returns_null():
                 ],
             )
 
-        @mark.asyncio
+        @mark.anyio
         async def throws():
             result = await cast(
                 Awaitable[ExecutionResult], execute_query(query, ThrowingData())
@@ -478,7 +478,7 @@ def describe_nulls_the_top_level_if_non_nullable_field():
             }
             """
 
-        @mark.asyncio
+        @mark.anyio
         async def returns_null():
             result = await execute_sync_and_async(query, NullingData())
             assert result == (
@@ -493,7 +493,7 @@ async def returns_null():
                 ],
             )
 
-        @mark.asyncio
+        @mark.anyio
         async def throws():
             result = await execute_sync_and_async(query, ThrowingData())
             assert result == (
diff --git a/tests/execution/test_parallel.py b/tests/execution/test_parallel.py
index aeb2a142..fc74025b 100644
--- a/tests/execution/test_parallel.py
+++ b/tests/execution/test_parallel.py
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import asyncio
+import anyio
 from typing import Awaitable
 
 from pytest import mark
@@ -21,18 +21,19 @@ class Barrier:
     """Barrier that makes progress only after a certain number of waits."""
 
     def __init__(self, number: int):
-        self.event = asyncio.Event()
+        self.event = anyio.Event()
         self.number = number
 
     async def wait(self) -> bool:
         self.number -= 1
         if not self.number:
             self.event.set()
-        return await self.event.wait()
+        await self.event.wait()
+        return True
 
 
 def describe_parallel_execution():
-    @mark.asyncio
+    @mark.anyio
     async def resolve_fields_in_parallel():
         barrier = Barrier(2)
 
@@ -54,11 +55,13 @@ async def resolve(*_args):
         # raises TimeoutError if not parallel
         awaitable_result = execute(schema, ast)
         assert isinstance(awaitable_result, Awaitable)
-        result = await asyncio.wait_for(awaitable_result, 1.0)
+        
+        with anyio.fail_after(1.0):
+            result = await awaitable_result
 
         assert result == ({"foo": True, "bar": True}, None)
 
-    @mark.asyncio
+    @mark.anyio
     async def resolve_list_in_parallel():
         barrier = Barrier(2)
 
@@ -84,11 +87,12 @@ async def resolve_list(*args):
         # raises TimeoutError if not parallel
         awaitable_result = execute(schema, ast)
         assert isinstance(awaitable_result, Awaitable)
-        result = await asyncio.wait_for(awaitable_result, 1.0)
+        with anyio.fail_after(1.0):
+            result = await awaitable_result
 
         assert result == ({"foo": [True, True]}, None)
 
-    @mark.asyncio
+    @mark.anyio
     async def resolve_is_type_of_in_parallel():
         FooType = GraphQLInterfaceType("Foo", {"foo": GraphQLField(GraphQLString)})
 
@@ -147,7 +151,8 @@ async def is_type_of_baz(obj, *_args):
         # raises TimeoutError if not parallel
         awaitable_result = execute(schema, ast)
         assert isinstance(awaitable_result, Awaitable)
-        result = await asyncio.wait_for(awaitable_result, 1.0)
+        with anyio.fail_after(1.0):
+            result = await awaitable_result
 
         assert result == (
             {"foo": [{"foo": "bar", "foobar": 1}, {"foo": "baz", "foobaz": 2}]},
diff --git a/tests/execution/test_subscribe.py b/tests/execution/test_subscribe.py
index 8b1fe639..1b7d678f 100644
--- a/tests/execution/test_subscribe.py
+++ b/tests/execution/test_subscribe.py
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import asyncio
+import anyio
 
 from typing import Any, Dict, List, Callable
 
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ def transform(new_email):
 
 # Check all error cases when initializing the subscription.
 def describe_subscription_initialization_phase():
-    @mark.asyncio
+    @mark.anyio
     async def accepts_positional_arguments():
         document = parse(
             """
@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ async def empty_async_iterator(_info):
             await anext(ai)
         await ai.aclose()  # type: ignore
 
-    @mark.asyncio
+    @mark.anyio
     async def accepts_multiple_subscription_fields_defined_in_schema():
         schema = GraphQLSchema(
             query=DummyQueryType,
@@ -168,7 +168,7 @@ async def foo_generator(_info):
 
         await subscription.aclose()
 
-    @mark.asyncio
+    @mark.anyio
     async def accepts_type_definition_with_sync_subscribe_function():
         async def foo_generator(_obj, _info):
             yield {"foo": "FooValue"}
@@ -188,10 +188,10 @@ async def foo_generator(_obj, _info):
 
         await subscription.aclose()
 
-    @mark.asyncio
+    @mark.anyio
     async def accepts_type_definition_with_async_subscribe_function():
         async def foo_generator(_obj, _info):
-            await asyncio.sleep(0)
+            await anyio.sleep(0)
             yield {"foo": "FooValue"}
 
         schema = GraphQLSchema(
@@ -209,7 +209,7 @@ async def foo_generator(_obj, _info):
 
         await subscription.aclose()
 
-    @mark.asyncio
+    @mark.anyio
     async def uses_a_custom_default_subscribe_field_resolver():
         schema = GraphQLSchema(
             query=DummyQueryType,
@@ -238,7 +238,7 @@ async def custom_foo():
 
         await subscription.aclose()
 
-    @mark.asyncio
+    @mark.anyio
     async def should_only_resolve_the_first_field_of_invalid_multi_field():
         did_resolve = {"foo": False, "bar": False}
 
@@ -273,7 +273,7 @@ async def subscribe_bar(_obj, _info):  # pragma: no cover
 
         await subscription.aclose()
 
-    @mark.asyncio
+    @mark.anyio
     async def throws_an_error_if_some_of_required_arguments_are_missing():
         document = parse("subscription { foo }")
 
@@ -296,7 +296,7 @@ async def throws_an_error_if_some_of_required_arguments_are_missing():
         with raises(TypeError, match="missing .* positional argument: 'document'"):
             await subscribe(schema=schema)  # type: ignore
 
-    @mark.asyncio
+    @mark.anyio
     async def resolves_to_an_error_if_schema_does_not_support_subscriptions():
         schema = GraphQLSchema(query=DummyQueryType)
         document = parse("subscription { unknownField }")
@@ -314,7 +314,7 @@ async def resolves_to_an_error_if_schema_does_not_support_subscriptions():
             ],
         )
 
-    @mark.asyncio
+    @mark.anyio
     async def resolves_to_an_error_for_unknown_subscription_field():
         schema = GraphQLSchema(
             query=DummyQueryType,
@@ -335,7 +335,7 @@ async def resolves_to_an_error_for_unknown_subscription_field():
             ],
         )
 
-    @mark.asyncio
+    @mark.anyio
     async def should_pass_through_unexpected_errors_thrown_in_subscribe():
         schema = GraphQLSchema(
             query=DummyQueryType,
@@ -346,7 +346,7 @@ async def should_pass_through_unexpected_errors_thrown_in_subscribe():
         with raises(TypeError, match="^Must provide document\\.$"):
             await subscribe(schema=schema, document={})  # type: ignore
 
-    @mark.asyncio
+    @mark.anyio
     @mark.filterwarnings("ignore:.* was never awaited:RuntimeWarning")
     async def throws_an_error_if_subscribe_does_not_return_an_iterator():
         schema = GraphQLSchema(
@@ -370,7 +370,7 @@ async def throws_an_error_if_subscribe_does_not_return_an_iterator():
             "Subscription field must return AsyncIterable. Received: 'test'."
         )
 
-    @mark.asyncio
+    @mark.anyio
     async def resolves_to_an_error_for_subscription_resolver_errors():
         async def subscribe_with_fn(subscribe_fn: Callable):
             schema = GraphQLSchema(
@@ -421,7 +421,7 @@ async def reject_error(*_args):
 
         assert await subscribe_with_fn(reject_error) == expected_result
 
-    @mark.asyncio
+    @mark.anyio
     async def resolves_to_an_error_if_variables_were_wrong_type():
         schema = GraphQLSchema(
             query=DummyQueryType,
@@ -464,7 +464,7 @@ async def resolves_to_an_error_if_variables_were_wrong_type():
 
 # Once a subscription returns a valid AsyncIterator, it can still yield errors.
 def describe_subscription_publish_phase():
-    @mark.asyncio
+    @mark.anyio
     async def produces_a_payload_for_multiple_subscribe_in_same_subscription():
         pubsub = SimplePubSub()
 
@@ -499,7 +499,7 @@ async def produces_a_payload_for_multiple_subscribe_in_same_subscription():
         assert await payload1 == (expected_payload, None)
         assert await payload2 == (expected_payload, None)
 
-    @mark.asyncio
+    @mark.anyio
     async def produces_a_payload_per_subscription_event():
         pubsub = SimplePubSub()
         subscription = await create_subscription(pubsub)
@@ -577,7 +577,7 @@ async def produces_a_payload_per_subscription_event():
         with raises(StopAsyncIteration):
             assert await anext(subscription)
 
-    @mark.asyncio
+    @mark.anyio
     async def produces_a_payload_when_there_are_multiple_events():
         pubsub = SimplePubSub()
         subscription = await create_subscription(pubsub)
@@ -633,7 +633,7 @@ async def produces_a_payload_when_there_are_multiple_events():
             None,
         )
 
-    @mark.asyncio
+    @mark.anyio
     async def should_not_trigger_when_subscription_is_already_done():
         pubsub = SimplePubSub()
         subscription = await create_subscription(pubsub)
@@ -683,7 +683,7 @@ async def should_not_trigger_when_subscription_is_already_done():
         with raises(StopAsyncIteration):
             await payload
 
-    @mark.asyncio
+    @mark.anyio
     async def should_not_trigger_when_subscription_is_thrown():
         pubsub = SimplePubSub()
         subscription = await create_subscription(pubsub)
@@ -724,7 +724,7 @@ async def should_not_trigger_when_subscription_is_thrown():
         with raises(StopAsyncIteration):
             await payload
 
-    @mark.asyncio
+    @mark.anyio
     async def event_order_is_correct_for_multiple_publishes():
         pubsub = SimplePubSub()
         subscription = await create_subscription(pubsub)
@@ -780,7 +780,7 @@ async def event_order_is_correct_for_multiple_publishes():
             None,
         )
 
-    @mark.asyncio
+    @mark.anyio
     async def should_handle_error_during_execution_of_source_event():
         async def generate_messages(_obj, _info):
             yield "Hello"
@@ -828,7 +828,7 @@ def resolve_message(message, _info):
         # Subsequent events are still executed.
         assert await anext(subscription) == ({"newMessage": "Bonjour"}, None)
 
-    @mark.asyncio
+    @mark.anyio
     async def should_pass_through_error_thrown_in_source_event_stream():
         async def generate_messages(_obj, _info):
             yield "Hello"
@@ -865,7 +865,7 @@ def resolve_message(message, _info):
         with raises(StopAsyncIteration):
             await anext(subscription)
 
-    @mark.asyncio
+    @mark.anyio
     async def should_work_with_async_resolve_function():
         async def generate_messages(_obj, _info):
             yield "Hello"
diff --git a/tests/execution/test_sync.py b/tests/execution/test_sync.py
index d5604310..273f3e08 100644
--- a/tests/execution/test_sync.py
+++ b/tests/execution/test_sync.py
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ def does_not_return_an_awaitable_if_mutation_fields_are_all_synchronous():
             None,
         )
 
-    @mark.asyncio
+    @mark.anyio
     async def returns_an_awaitable_if_any_field_is_asynchronous():
         doc = "query Example { syncField, asyncField }"
         result = execute(schema, parse(doc), "rootValue")
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ def does_not_throw_if_not_encountering_async_execution_with_check_sync():
                 None,
             )
 
-        @mark.asyncio
+        @mark.anyio
         @mark.filterwarnings("ignore:.* was never awaited:RuntimeWarning")
         async def throws_if_encountering_async_execution_with_check_sync():
             doc = "query Example { syncField, asyncField }"
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ async def throws_if_encountering_async_execution_with_check_sync():
             msg = str(exc_info.value)
             assert msg == "GraphQL execution failed to complete synchronously."
 
-        @mark.asyncio
+        @mark.anyio
         @mark.filterwarnings("ignore:.* was never awaited:RuntimeWarning")
         async def throws_if_encountering_async_operation_without_check_sync():
             doc = "query Example { syncField, asyncField }"
@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ def does_not_throw_if_not_encountering_async_operation_with_check_sync():
                 None,
             )
 
-        @mark.asyncio
+        @mark.anyio
         @mark.filterwarnings("ignore:.* was never awaited:RuntimeWarning")
         async def throws_if_encountering_async_operation_with_check_sync():
             doc = "query Example { syncField, asyncField }"
@@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ async def throws_if_encountering_async_operation_with_check_sync():
             msg = str(exc_info.value)
             assert msg == "GraphQL execution failed to complete synchronously."
 
-        @mark.asyncio
+        @mark.anyio
         @mark.filterwarnings("ignore:.* was never awaited:RuntimeWarning")
         async def throws_if_encountering_async_operation_without_check_sync():
             doc = "query Example { syncField, asyncField }"
diff --git a/tests/pyutils/test_inspect.py b/tests/pyutils/test_inspect.py
index 6ace1fcd..3528ea0a 100644
--- a/tests/pyutils/test_inspect.py
+++ b/tests/pyutils/test_inspect.py
@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ def test_generator():
         assert inspect(test_generator) == "<generator function test_generator>"
         assert inspect(test_generator()) == "<generator test_generator>"
 
-    @mark.asyncio
+    @mark.anyio
     async def inspect_coroutine():
         async def test_coroutine():
             pass
diff --git a/tests/pyutils/test_is_awaitable.py b/tests/pyutils/test_is_awaitable.py
index 400423ba..91c65943 100644
--- a/tests/pyutils/test_is_awaitable.py
+++ b/tests/pyutils/test_is_awaitable.py
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ async def some_coroutine():
         assert not isawaitable(some_coroutine)
         assert not is_awaitable(some_coroutine)
 
-    @mark.asyncio
+    @mark.anyio
     @mark.filterwarnings("ignore:.* was never awaited:RuntimeWarning")
     async def recognizes_a_coroutine_object():
         async def some_coroutine():
@@ -84,9 +84,9 @@ def some_old_style_coroutine():
         assert is_awaitable(some_old_style_coroutine())
         assert is_awaitable(some_old_style_coroutine())
 
-    @mark.asyncio
+    @mark.parametrize("anyio_backend", ["asyncio"])
     @mark.filterwarnings("ignore:.* was never awaited:RuntimeWarning")
-    async def recognizes_a_future_object():
+    async def recognizes_a_future_object(anyio_backend):
         async def some_coroutine():
             return False  # pragma: no cover
 
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ async def some_coroutine():
         assert is_awaitable(some_future)
         assert is_awaitable(some_future)
 
-    @mark.asyncio
+    @mark.anyio
     @mark.filterwarnings("ignore:.* was never awaited:RuntimeWarning")
     def declines_an_async_generator():
         async def some_async_generator():
diff --git a/tests/pyutils/test_simple_pub_sub.py b/tests/pyutils/test_simple_pub_sub.py
index 47060d3f..59861d94 100644
--- a/tests/pyutils/test_simple_pub_sub.py
+++ b/tests/pyutils/test_simple_pub_sub.py
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-from asyncio import sleep
+from anyio import sleep
 from inspect import isawaitable
 
 from pytest import mark, raises
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 
 
 def describe_simple_pub_sub():
-    @mark.asyncio
+    @mark.anyio
     async def subscribe_async_iterator_mock():
         pubsub = SimplePubSub()
         iterator = pubsub.get_subscriber()
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ async def subscribe_async_iterator_mock():
         with raises(StopAsyncIteration):
             await iterator.__anext__()
 
-    @mark.asyncio
+    @mark.anyio
     async def iterator_aclose_empties_push_queue():
         pubsub = SimplePubSub()
         assert not pubsub.subscribers
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ async def iterator_aclose_empties_push_queue():
         assert iterator.pull_queue.qsize() == 0
         assert not iterator.listening
 
-    @mark.asyncio
+    @mark.anyio
     async def iterator_aclose_empties_pull_queue():
         pubsub = SimplePubSub()
         assert not pubsub.subscribers
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ async def iterator_aclose_empties_pull_queue():
         assert iterator.pull_queue.qsize() == 0
         assert not iterator.listening
 
-    @mark.asyncio
+    @mark.anyio
     async def iterator_aclose_is_idempotent():
         pubsub = SimplePubSub()
         iterator = pubsub.get_subscriber()
diff --git a/tests/test_star_wars_query.py b/tests/test_star_wars_query.py
index 5c6fa40e..9051f701 100644
--- a/tests/test_star_wars_query.py
+++ b/tests/test_star_wars_query.py
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 
 def describe_star_wars_query_tests():
     def describe_basic_queries():
-        @mark.asyncio
+        @mark.anyio
         async def correctly_identifies_r2_d2_as_hero_of_the_star_wars_saga():
             source = """
                 query HeroNameQuery {
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ async def correctly_identifies_r2_d2_as_hero_of_the_star_wars_saga():
             result = await graphql(schema=schema, source=source)
             assert result == ({"hero": {"name": "R2-D2"}}, None)
 
-        @mark.asyncio
+        @mark.anyio
         async def accepts_positional_arguments_to_graphql():
             source = """
                 query HeroNameQuery {
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ async def accepts_positional_arguments_to_graphql():
             sync_result = graphql_sync(schema, source)
             assert sync_result == result
 
-        @mark.asyncio
+        @mark.anyio
         async def allows_us_to_query_for_the_id_and_friends_of_r2_d2():
             source = """
                 query HeroNameAndFriendsQuery {
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ async def allows_us_to_query_for_the_id_and_friends_of_r2_d2():
             )
 
     def describe_nested_queries():
-        @mark.asyncio
+        @mark.anyio
         async def allows_us_to_query_for_the_friends_of_friends_of_r2_d2():
             source = """
                 query NestedQuery {
@@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ async def allows_us_to_query_for_the_friends_of_friends_of_r2_d2():
             )
 
     def describe_using_ids_and_query_parameters_to_refetch_objects():
-        @mark.asyncio
+        @mark.anyio
         async def allows_us_to_query_for_r2_d2_directly_using_his_id():
             source = """
                 query {
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ async def allows_us_to_query_for_r2_d2_directly_using_his_id():
             result = await graphql(schema=schema, source=source)
             assert result == ({"droid": {"name": "R2-D2"}}, None)
 
-        @mark.asyncio
+        @mark.anyio
         async def allows_us_to_query_characters_directly_using_their_id():
             source = """
                 query FetchLukeAndC3POQuery {
@@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ async def allows_us_to_query_characters_directly_using_their_id():
                 None,
             )
 
-        @mark.asyncio
+        @mark.anyio
         async def allows_creating_a_generic_query_to_fetch_luke_using_his_id():
             source = """
                 query FetchSomeIDQuery($someId: String!) {
@@ -167,7 +167,7 @@ async def allows_creating_a_generic_query_to_fetch_luke_using_his_id():
             )
             assert result == ({"human": {"name": "Luke Skywalker"}}, None)
 
-        @mark.asyncio
+        @mark.anyio
         async def allows_creating_a_generic_query_to_fetch_han_using_his_id():
             source = """
                 query FetchSomeIDQuery($someId: String!) {
@@ -182,7 +182,7 @@ async def allows_creating_a_generic_query_to_fetch_han_using_his_id():
             )
             assert result == ({"human": {"name": "Han Solo"}}, None)
 
-        @mark.asyncio
+        @mark.anyio
         async def generic_query_that_gets_null_back_when_passed_invalid_id():
             source = """
                 query humanQuery($id: String!) {
@@ -198,7 +198,7 @@ async def generic_query_that_gets_null_back_when_passed_invalid_id():
             assert result == ({"human": None}, None)
 
     def describe_using_aliases_to_change_the_key_in_the_response():
-        @mark.asyncio
+        @mark.anyio
         async def allows_us_to_query_for_luke_changing_his_key_with_an_alias():
             source = """
                 query FetchLukeAliased {
@@ -210,7 +210,7 @@ async def allows_us_to_query_for_luke_changing_his_key_with_an_alias():
             result = await graphql(schema=schema, source=source)
             assert result == ({"luke": {"name": "Luke Skywalker"}}, None)
 
-        @mark.asyncio
+        @mark.anyio
         async def query_for_luke_and_leia_using_two_root_fields_and_an_alias():
             source = """
                 query FetchLukeAndLeiaAliased {
@@ -229,7 +229,7 @@ async def query_for_luke_and_leia_using_two_root_fields_and_an_alias():
             )
 
     def describe_uses_fragments_to_express_more_complex_queries():
-        @mark.asyncio
+        @mark.anyio
         async def allows_us_to_query_using_duplicated_content():
             source = """
                 query DuplicateFields {
@@ -252,7 +252,7 @@ async def allows_us_to_query_using_duplicated_content():
                 None,
             )
 
-        @mark.asyncio
+        @mark.anyio
         async def allows_us_to_use_a_fragment_to_avoid_duplicating_content():
             source = """
                 query UseFragment {
@@ -278,7 +278,7 @@ async def allows_us_to_use_a_fragment_to_avoid_duplicating_content():
             )
 
     def describe_using_typename_to_find_the_type_of_an_object():
-        @mark.asyncio
+        @mark.anyio
         async def allows_us_to_verify_that_r2_d2_is_a_droid():
             source = """
                 query CheckTypeOfR2 {
@@ -291,7 +291,7 @@ async def allows_us_to_verify_that_r2_d2_is_a_droid():
             result = await graphql(schema=schema, source=source)
             assert result == ({"hero": {"__typename": "Droid", "name": "R2-D2"}}, None)
 
-        @mark.asyncio
+        @mark.anyio
         async def allows_us_to_verify_that_luke_is_a_human():
             source = """
                 query CheckTypeOfLuke {
@@ -308,7 +308,7 @@ async def allows_us_to_verify_that_luke_is_a_human():
             )
 
     def describe_reporting_errors_raised_in_resolvers():
-        @mark.asyncio
+        @mark.anyio
         async def correctly_reports_error_on_accessing_secret_backstory():
             source = """
                 query HeroNameQuery {
@@ -330,7 +330,7 @@ async def correctly_reports_error_on_accessing_secret_backstory():
                 ],
             )
 
-        @mark.asyncio
+        @mark.anyio
         async def correctly_reports_error_on_accessing_backstory_in_a_list():
             source = """
                 query HeroNameQuery {
@@ -374,7 +374,7 @@ async def correctly_reports_error_on_accessing_backstory_in_a_list():
                 ],
             )
 
-        @mark.asyncio
+        @mark.anyio
         async def correctly_reports_error_on_accessing_through_an_alias():
             source = """
                 query HeroNameQuery {
diff --git a/tests/test_user_registry.py b/tests/test_user_registry.py
index d5f2ba95..fdbd7f9a 100644
--- a/tests/test_user_registry.py
+++ b/tests/test_user_registry.py
@@ -4,23 +4,18 @@
 operations on a simulated user registry database backend.
 """
 
-from asyncio import sleep, wait
+from anyio import create_task_group, fail_after, sleep
 from collections import defaultdict
 from enum import Enum
 from inspect import isawaitable
 from typing import Any, Dict, List, NamedTuple, Optional
 
-try:
-    from asyncio import create_task
-except ImportError:  # Python < 3.7
-    create_task = None  # type: ignore
-
 from pytest import fixture, mark
 
 from graphql import (
     graphql,
     parse,
-    subscribe,
+    subscribe, 
     GraphQLArgument,
     GraphQLBoolean,
     GraphQLEnumType,
@@ -227,7 +222,7 @@ def context():
 
 
 def describe_query():
-    @mark.asyncio
+    @mark.anyio
     async def query_user(context):
         user = await context["registry"].create(
             firstName="John", lastName="Doe", tweets=42, verified=True
@@ -259,7 +254,7 @@ async def query_user(context):
 
 
 def describe_mutation():
-    @mark.asyncio
+    @mark.anyio
     async def create_user(context):
         received = {}
 
@@ -306,7 +301,7 @@ def receive(msg):
             "User 0": {"user": user, "mutation": MutationEnum.CREATED.value},
         }
 
-    @mark.asyncio
+    @mark.anyio
     async def update_user(context):
         received = {}
 
@@ -362,7 +357,7 @@ def receive(msg):
             "User 0": {"user": user, "mutation": MutationEnum.UPDATED.value},
         }
 
-    @mark.asyncio
+    @mark.anyio
     async def delete_user(context):
         received = {}
 
@@ -404,7 +399,7 @@ def receive(msg):
 
 
 def describe_subscription():
-    @mark.asyncio
+    @mark.anyio
     async def subscribe_to_user_mutations(context):
         query = """
             subscription ($userId: ID!) {
@@ -509,12 +504,11 @@ async def receive_all():
                 if len(received_all) == 6:  # pragma: no cover else
                     break
 
-        tasks = [
-            create_task(task()) if create_task else task()
-            for task in (mutate_users, receive_one, receive_all)
-        ]
-        done, pending = await wait(tasks, timeout=1)
-        assert not pending
+        with fail_after(delay=1):
+            async with create_task_group() as tg:
+                tg.start_soon(mutate_users)
+                tg.start_soon(receive_one)
+                tg.start_soon(receive_all)
 
         expected_data: List[Dict[str, Any]] = [
             {

From 36774ce74a6ed27aa2c58ea5a9bb6b89d23a49b6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Stefan Schulz <stefan.schulz.2507@gmail.com>
Date: Sat, 2 Apr 2022 18:45:37 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 2/2] all trio and asyncio tests successful for python 3.7,
 3.8, 3.9, 3.10

---
 poetry.lock                                 | 433 +++++++++++++-------
 pyproject.toml                              |   7 +-
 src/graphql/execution/execute.py            |  66 ++-
 src/graphql/execution/map_async_iterator.py |  63 +--
 src/graphql/execution/subscribe.py          |   3 +
 src/graphql/graphql.py                      |   4 +-
 src/graphql/pyutils/__init__.py             |   3 +
 src/graphql/pyutils/broadcast_stream.py     | 148 +++++++
 src/graphql/pyutils/simple_pub_sub.py       |   6 +
 src/graphql/utilities/ast_from_value.py     |   2 +-
 tests/benchmarks/test_execution_async.py    |   3 +-
 tests/execution/test_map_async_iterator.py  |  15 +-
 tests/execution/test_parallel.py            | 126 +++++-
 tests/execution/test_subscribe.py           |  42 +-
 tests/pyutils/test_broadcast_stream.py      | 192 +++++++++
 tests/pyutils/test_simple_pub_sub.py        |  32 +-
 tests/test_user_registry.py                 | 286 +++++++------
 tox.ini                                     |   6 +-
 18 files changed, 1068 insertions(+), 369 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 src/graphql/pyutils/broadcast_stream.py
 create mode 100644 tests/pyutils/test_broadcast_stream.py

diff --git a/poetry.lock b/poetry.lock
index 4251c585..0a3baa3c 100644
--- a/poetry.lock
+++ b/poetry.lock
@@ -7,12 +7,32 @@ optional = false
 python-versions = "*"
 
 [[package]]
-name = "appdirs"
-version = "1.4.4"
-description = "A small Python module for determining appropriate platform-specific dirs, e.g. a \"user data dir\"."
-category = "dev"
+name = "anyio"
+version = "3.5.0"
+description = "High level compatibility layer for multiple asynchronous event loop implementations"
+category = "main"
 optional = false
-python-versions = "*"
+python-versions = ">=3.6.2"
+
+[package.dependencies]
+contextvars = {version = "*", markers = "python_version < \"3.7\""}
+dataclasses = {version = "*", markers = "python_version < \"3.7\""}
+idna = ">=2.8"
+sniffio = ">=1.1"
+typing-extensions = {version = "*", markers = "python_version < \"3.8\""}
+
+[package.extras]
+doc = ["packaging", "sphinx-rtd-theme", "sphinx-autodoc-typehints (>=1.2.0)"]
+test = ["coverage[toml] (>=4.5)", "hypothesis (>=4.0)", "pytest (>=6.0)", "pytest-mock (>=3.6.1)", "trustme", "contextlib2", "uvloop (<0.15)", "mock (>=4)", "uvloop (>=0.15)"]
+trio = ["trio (>=0.16)"]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "async-generator"
+version = "1.10"
+description = "Async generators and context managers for Python 3.5+"
+category = "main"
+optional = false
+python-versions = ">=3.5"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "atomicwrites"
@@ -26,7 +46,7 @@ python-versions = ">=2.7, !=3.0.*, !=3.1.*, !=3.2.*, !=3.3.*"
 name = "attrs"
 version = "21.4.0"
 description = "Classes Without Boilerplate"
-category = "dev"
+category = "main"
 optional = false
 python-versions = ">=2.7, !=3.0.*, !=3.1.*, !=3.2.*, !=3.3.*, !=3.4.*"
 
@@ -47,29 +67,6 @@ python-versions = ">=2.7, !=3.0.*, !=3.1.*, !=3.2.*, !=3.3.*"
 [package.dependencies]
 pytz = ">=2015.7"
 
-[[package]]
-name = "black"
-version = "20.8b1"
-description = "The uncompromising code formatter."
-category = "dev"
-optional = false
-python-versions = ">=3.6"
-
-[package.dependencies]
-appdirs = "*"
-click = ">=7.1.2"
-dataclasses = {version = ">=0.6", markers = "python_version < \"3.7\""}
-mypy-extensions = ">=0.4.3"
-pathspec = ">=0.6,<1"
-regex = ">=2020.1.8"
-toml = ">=0.10.1"
-typed-ast = ">=1.4.0"
-typing-extensions = ">=3.7.4"
-
-[package.extras]
-colorama = ["colorama (>=0.4.3)"]
-d = ["aiohttp (>=3.3.2)", "aiohttp-cors"]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "black"
 version = "22.1.0"
@@ -131,6 +128,17 @@ category = "dev"
 optional = false
 python-versions = "*"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "cffi"
+version = "1.15.0"
+description = "Foreign Function Interface for Python calling C code."
+category = "main"
+optional = false
+python-versions = "*"
+
+[package.dependencies]
+pycparser = "*"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "charset-normalizer"
 version = "2.0.11"
@@ -177,6 +185,17 @@ category = "dev"
 optional = false
 python-versions = ">=2.7, !=3.0.*, !=3.1.*, !=3.2.*, !=3.3.*, !=3.4.*"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "contextvars"
+version = "2.4"
+description = "PEP 567 Backport"
+category = "main"
+optional = false
+python-versions = "*"
+
+[package.dependencies]
+immutables = ">=0.9"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "coverage"
 version = "6.2"
@@ -195,7 +214,7 @@ toml = ["tomli"]
 name = "dataclasses"
 version = "0.8"
 description = "A backport of the dataclasses module for Python 3.6"
-category = "dev"
+category = "main"
 optional = false
 python-versions = ">=3.6, <3.7"
 
@@ -245,7 +264,7 @@ pyflakes = ">=2.4.0,<2.5.0"
 name = "idna"
 version = "3.3"
 description = "Internationalized Domain Names in Applications (IDNA)"
-category = "dev"
+category = "main"
 optional = false
 python-versions = ">=3.5"
 
@@ -257,6 +276,20 @@ category = "dev"
 optional = false
 python-versions = ">=2.7, !=3.0.*, !=3.1.*, !=3.2.*, !=3.3.*"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "immutables"
+version = "0.17"
+description = "Immutable Collections"
+category = "main"
+optional = false
+python-versions = ">=3.6"
+
+[package.dependencies]
+typing-extensions = {version = ">=3.7.4.3", markers = "python_version < \"3.8\""}
+
+[package.extras]
+test = ["flake8 (>=3.8.4,<3.9.0)", "pycodestyle (>=2.6.0,<2.7.0)", "mypy (>=0.910)", "pytest (>=6.2.4,<6.3.0)"]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "importlib-metadata"
 version = "4.2.0"
@@ -352,6 +385,17 @@ category = "dev"
 optional = false
 python-versions = "*"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "outcome"
+version = "1.1.0"
+description = "Capture the outcome of Python function calls."
+category = "main"
+optional = false
+python-versions = ">=3.6"
+
+[package.dependencies]
+attrs = ">=19.2.0"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "packaging"
 version = "21.3"
@@ -435,6 +479,14 @@ category = "dev"
 optional = false
 python-versions = ">=2.7, !=3.0.*, !=3.1.*, !=3.2.*, !=3.3.*, !=3.4.*"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "pycparser"
+version = "2.21"
+description = "C parser in Python"
+category = "main"
+optional = false
+python-versions = ">=2.7, !=3.0.*, !=3.1.*, !=3.2.*, !=3.3.*"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "pyflakes"
 version = "2.4.0"
@@ -484,35 +536,6 @@ toml = "*"
 [package.extras]
 testing = ["argcomplete", "hypothesis (>=3.56)", "mock", "nose", "requests", "xmlschema"]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "pytest-asyncio"
-version = "0.16.0"
-description = "Pytest support for asyncio."
-category = "dev"
-optional = false
-python-versions = ">= 3.6"
-
-[package.dependencies]
-pytest = ">=5.4.0"
-
-[package.extras]
-testing = ["coverage", "hypothesis (>=5.7.1)"]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "pytest-asyncio"
-version = "0.17.2"
-description = "Pytest support for asyncio"
-category = "dev"
-optional = false
-python-versions = ">=3.7"
-
-[package.dependencies]
-pytest = ">=6.1.0"
-typing-extensions = {version = ">=4.0", markers = "python_version < \"3.8\""}
-
-[package.extras]
-testing = ["coverage (==6.2)", "hypothesis (>=5.7.1)", "flaky (>=3.5.0)", "mypy (==0.931)"]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "pytest-benchmark"
 version = "3.4.1"
@@ -575,14 +598,6 @@ category = "dev"
 optional = false
 python-versions = "*"
 
-[[package]]
-name = "regex"
-version = "2022.1.18"
-description = "Alternative regular expression module, to replace re."
-category = "dev"
-optional = false
-python-versions = "*"
-
 [[package]]
 name = "requests"
 version = "2.27.1"
@@ -609,6 +624,17 @@ category = "dev"
 optional = false
 python-versions = ">=2.7, !=3.0.*, !=3.1.*, !=3.2.*"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "sniffio"
+version = "1.2.0"
+description = "Sniff out which async library your code is running under"
+category = "main"
+optional = false
+python-versions = ">=3.5"
+
+[package.dependencies]
+contextvars = {version = ">=2.1", markers = "python_version < \"3.7\""}
+
 [[package]]
 name = "snowballstemmer"
 version = "2.2.0"
@@ -617,6 +643,14 @@ category = "dev"
 optional = false
 python-versions = "*"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "sortedcontainers"
+version = "2.4.0"
+description = "Sorted Containers -- Sorted List, Sorted Dict, Sorted Set"
+category = "main"
+optional = false
+python-versions = "*"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "sphinx"
 version = "4.3.2"
@@ -773,6 +807,39 @@ virtualenv = ">=16.0.0,<20.0.0 || >20.0.0,<20.0.1 || >20.0.1,<20.0.2 || >20.0.2,
 docs = ["pygments-github-lexers (>=0.0.5)", "sphinx (>=2.0.0)", "sphinxcontrib-autoprogram (>=0.1.5)", "towncrier (>=18.5.0)"]
 testing = ["flaky (>=3.4.0)", "freezegun (>=0.3.11)", "pytest (>=4.0.0)", "pytest-cov (>=2.5.1)", "pytest-mock (>=1.10.0)", "pytest-randomly (>=1.0.0)", "psutil (>=5.6.1)", "pathlib2 (>=2.3.3)"]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "trio"
+version = "0.20.0"
+description = "A friendly Python library for async concurrency and I/O"
+category = "main"
+optional = false
+python-versions = ">=3.7"
+
+[package.dependencies]
+async-generator = ">=1.9"
+attrs = ">=19.2.0"
+cffi = {version = ">=1.14", markers = "os_name == \"nt\" and implementation_name != \"pypy\""}
+idna = "*"
+outcome = "*"
+sniffio = "*"
+sortedcontainers = "*"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "trio-typing"
+version = "0.7.0"
+description = "Static type checking support for Trio and related projects"
+category = "dev"
+optional = false
+python-versions = "*"
+
+[package.dependencies]
+mypy-extensions = ">=0.4.2"
+trio = ">=0.16.0"
+typing-extensions = ">=3.7.4"
+
+[package.extras]
+mypy = ["mypy (>=0.920)"]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "typed-ast"
 version = "1.5.2"
@@ -834,19 +901,26 @@ python-versions = ">=3.6"
 docs = ["sphinx", "jaraco.packaging (>=8.2)", "rst.linker (>=1.9)"]
 testing = ["pytest (>=4.6)", "pytest-checkdocs (>=2.4)", "pytest-flake8", "pytest-cov", "pytest-enabler (>=1.0.1)", "jaraco.itertools", "func-timeout", "pytest-black (>=0.3.7)", "pytest-mypy"]
 
+[extras]
+trio = ["trio"]
+
 [metadata]
 lock-version = "1.1"
-python-versions = "^3.6"
-content-hash = "0021159270f76a4837a7240f8c34959323722ff896baf7bfccdf5cf08034f544"
+python-versions = "^3.6,>=3.6.2"
+content-hash = "cafb9065d6eb88e9584296e6e24631f986c6c773c13700826c9665a66aa2278a"
 
 [metadata.files]
 alabaster = [
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+anyio = [
+    {file = "anyio-3.5.0-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:b5fa16c5ff93fa1046f2eeb5bbff2dad4d3514d6cda61d02816dba34fa8c3c2e"},
+    {file = "anyio-3.5.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:a0aeffe2fb1fdf374a8e4b471444f0f3ac4fb9f5a5b542b48824475e0042a5a6"},
+]
+async-generator = [
+    {file = "async_generator-1.10-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:01c7bf666359b4967d2cda0000cc2e4af16a0ae098cbffcb8472fb9e8ad6585b"},
+    {file = "async_generator-1.10.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:6ebb3d106c12920aaae42ccb6f787ef5eefdcdd166ea3d628fa8476abe712144"},
 ]
 atomicwrites = [
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@@ -861,7 +935,6 @@ babel = [
     {file = "Babel-2.9.1.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:bc0c176f9f6a994582230df350aa6e05ba2ebe4b3ac317eab29d9be5d2768da0"},
 ]
 black = [
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     {file = "black-22.1.0-cp310-cp310-macosx_10_9_universal2.whl", hash = "sha256:1297c63b9e1b96a3d0da2d85d11cd9bf8664251fd69ddac068b98dc4f34f73b6"},
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@@ -898,6 +971,58 @@ certifi = [
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 ]
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+]
+trio-typing = [
+    {file = "trio-typing-0.7.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:5bb2184de144c15f2cc252bba4fd167125758df7339c4f7bc40538940aefa3b9"},
+    {file = "trio_typing-0.7.0-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:156ba760f444aa2f8af43f4459d462415fc297234feb27018e4e902bb62a122b"},
+]
 typed-ast = [
     {file = "typed_ast-1.5.2-cp310-cp310-macosx_10_9_x86_64.whl", hash = "sha256:183b183b7771a508395d2cbffd6db67d6ad52958a5fdc99f450d954003900266"},
     {file = "typed_ast-1.5.2-cp310-cp310-macosx_11_0_arm64.whl", hash = "sha256:676d051b1da67a852c0447621fdd11c4e104827417bf216092ec3e286f7da596"},
diff --git a/pyproject.toml b/pyproject.toml
index 1e835183..b84382bc 100644
--- a/pyproject.toml
+++ b/pyproject.toml
@@ -45,6 +45,7 @@ packages = [
 python = "^3.6,>=3.6.2"
 typing-extensions = { version = "^4.0", python = "<3.8" }
 anyio = "^3.5.0"
+trio = { version = "^0.20.0", python = ">=3.7", optional=true}
 
 [tool.poetry.dev-dependencies]
 pytest = "^6.2"
@@ -63,7 +64,11 @@ sphinx_rtd_theme = ">=1,<2"
 check-manifest = ">=0.47,<1"
 bump2version = ">=1.0,<2"
 tox = "^3.24"
-trio = { version = "^0.20.0", python = ">=3.7"}
+trio-typing = "^0.7.0"
+
+[tool.poetry.extras]
+trio = ["trio"]
+
 
 [tool.black]
 target-version = ['py36', 'py37', 'py38', 'py39', 'py310']
diff --git a/src/graphql/execution/execute.py b/src/graphql/execution/execute.py
index 01ec288a..d36ee742 100644
--- a/src/graphql/execution/execute.py
+++ b/src/graphql/execution/execute.py
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
-from asyncio import ensure_future, gather
+from anyio import create_task_group, ExceptionGroup
+from asyncio import ensure_future, CancelledError
+from sniffio import current_async_library
 from collections.abc import Mapping
 from inspect import isawaitable
 from typing import (
@@ -444,13 +446,16 @@ def execute_fields(
         # field, which is possibly a coroutine object. Return a coroutine object that
         # will yield this same map, but with any coroutines awaited in parallel and
         # replaced with the values they yielded.
+        async def await_field(field: str) -> None:
+            results[field] = await results[field]
+
         async def get_results() -> Dict[str, Any]:
-            results.update(
-                zip(
-                    awaitable_fields,
-                    await gather(*(results[field] for field in awaitable_fields)),
-                )
-            )
+            try:
+                async with create_task_group() as tg:
+                    for field in awaitable_fields:
+                        tg.start_soon(await_field, field)
+            except ExceptionGroup as exc:
+                raise exc.exceptions[0]
             return results
 
         return get_results()
@@ -531,6 +536,10 @@ async def await_result() -> Any:
                             return await completed
                         return completed
                     except Exception as raw_error:
+                        if isinstance(
+                            raw_error, CancelledError
+                        ):  # pragma: no cover (Python >= 3.8)
+                            raise
                         error = located_error(raw_error, field_nodes, path.as_list())
                         self.handle_field_error(error, return_type)
                         return None
@@ -546,6 +555,10 @@ async def await_completed() -> Any:
                     try:
                         return await completed
                     except Exception as raw_error:
+                        if isinstance(
+                            raw_error, CancelledError
+                        ):  # pragma: no cover (Python >= 3.8)
+                            raise
                         error = located_error(raw_error, field_nodes, path.as_list())
                         self.handle_field_error(error, return_type)
                         return None
@@ -714,6 +727,10 @@ async def await_completed(item: Any, item_path: Path) -> Any:
                             return await completed
                         return completed
                     except Exception as raw_error:
+                        if isinstance(
+                            raw_error, CancelledError
+                        ):  # pragma: no cover (Python >= 3.8)
+                            raise
                         error = located_error(
                             raw_error, field_nodes, item_path.as_list()
                         )
@@ -732,6 +749,10 @@ async def await_completed(item: Any, item_path: Path) -> Any:
                             try:
                                 return await item
                             except Exception as raw_error:
+                                if isinstance(
+                                    raw_error, CancelledError
+                                ):  # pragma: no cover (Python >= 3.8)
+                                    raise
                                 error = located_error(
                                     raw_error, field_nodes, item_path.as_list()
                                 )
@@ -752,14 +773,16 @@ async def await_completed(item: Any, item_path: Path) -> Any:
             return completed_results
 
         # noinspection PyShadowingNames
+        async def await_index(index: int) -> None:
+            completed_results[index] = await completed_results[index]
+
         async def get_completed_results() -> List[Any]:
-            for index, result in zip(
-                awaitable_indices,
-                await gather(
-                    *(completed_results[index] for index in awaitable_indices)
-                ),
-            ):
-                completed_results[index] = result
+            try:
+                async with create_task_group() as tg:
+                    for index in awaitable_indices:
+                        tg.start_soon(await_index, index)
+            except ExceptionGroup as exc:
+                raise exc.exceptions[0]
             return completed_results
 
         return get_completed_results()
@@ -1096,7 +1119,8 @@ def execute_sync(
 
     # Assert that the execution was synchronous.
     if isawaitable(result):
-        ensure_future(cast(Awaitable[ExecutionResult], result)).cancel()
+        if current_async_library() == "asyncio":
+            ensure_future(cast(Awaitable[ExecutionResult], result)).cancel()
         raise RuntimeError("GraphQL execution failed to complete synchronously.")
 
     return cast(ExecutionResult, result)
@@ -1216,8 +1240,18 @@ def default_type_resolver(
 
     if awaitable_is_type_of_results:
         # noinspection PyShadowingNames
+        is_type_of_results = [None for _ in awaitable_is_type_of_results]
+
+        async def await_is_type_of_result(index: int) -> None:
+            is_type_of_results[index] = await awaitable_is_type_of_results[index]
+
         async def get_type() -> Optional[str]:
-            is_type_of_results = await gather(*awaitable_is_type_of_results)
+            try:
+                async with create_task_group() as tg:
+                    for index in range(len(awaitable_is_type_of_results)):
+                        tg.start_soon(await_is_type_of_result, index)
+            except ExceptionGroup as exc:
+                raise exc.exceptions[0]
             for is_type_of_result, type_ in zip(is_type_of_results, awaitable_types):
                 if is_type_of_result:
                     return type_.name
diff --git a/src/graphql/execution/map_async_iterator.py b/src/graphql/execution/map_async_iterator.py
index 43400fd3..87f9662c 100644
--- a/src/graphql/execution/map_async_iterator.py
+++ b/src/graphql/execution/map_async_iterator.py
@@ -1,7 +1,12 @@
-from asyncio import CancelledError, Event, Task, ensure_future, wait
-from concurrent.futures import FIRST_COMPLETED
+from anyio import (
+    get_cancelled_exc_class,
+    create_task_group,
+    Event,
+    CancelScope,
+)
+from anyio.abc import TaskGroup
 from inspect import isasyncgen, isawaitable
-from typing import cast, Any, AsyncIterable, Callable, Optional, Set, Type, Union
+from typing import cast, Any, AsyncIterable, Callable, Optional, Type, Union
 from types import TracebackType
 
 __all__ = ["MapAsyncIterator"]
@@ -27,6 +32,10 @@ def __aiter__(self) -> "MapAsyncIterator":
         """Get the iterator object."""
         return self
 
+    async def _wait_for_close(self, tg: TaskGroup) -> None:
+        await self._close_event.wait()
+        tg.cancel_scope.cancel()
+
     async def __anext__(self) -> Any:
         """Get the next value of the iterator."""
         if self.is_closed:
@@ -34,31 +43,29 @@ async def __anext__(self) -> Any:
                 raise StopAsyncIteration
             value = await self.iterator.__anext__()
         else:
-            aclose = ensure_future(self._close_event.wait())
-            anext = ensure_future(self.iterator.__anext__())
-
+            close_evt = None
+            iterator_exc = None
             try:
-                pending: Set[Task] = (
-                    await wait([aclose, anext], return_when=FIRST_COMPLETED)
-                )[1]
-            except CancelledError:
-                # cancel underlying tasks and close
-                aclose.cancel()
-                anext.cancel()
-                await self.aclose()
-                raise  # re-raise the cancellation
-
-            for task in pending:
-                task.cancel()
-
-            if aclose.done():
+                async with create_task_group() as tg:
+                    # we need to store the current event, it could be reset
+                    close_evt = self._close_event
+                    tg.start_soon(self._wait_for_close, tg)
+                    try:
+                        value = await self.iterator.__anext__()
+                    except BaseException as exc:
+                        iterator_exc = exc
+                    tg.cancel_scope.cancel()
+            except BaseException:
+                # We ignore this and use the iterator exception (if any)
+                pass
+            if close_evt is not None and close_evt.is_set():
+                # closed from outside via `is_closed=True / aclose`
                 raise StopAsyncIteration
-
-            error = anext.exception()
-            if error:
-                raise error
-
-            value = anext.result()
+            if iterator_exc is not None:
+                if isinstance(iterator_exc, get_cancelled_exc_class()):
+                    with CancelScope(shield=True):
+                        await self.aclose()
+                raise iterator_exc
 
         result = self.callback(value)
 
@@ -111,5 +118,5 @@ def is_closed(self, value: bool) -> None:
         """Mark the iterator as closed."""
         if value:
             self._close_event.set()
-        else:
-            self._close_event.clear()
+        elif self._close_event.is_set():
+            self._close_event = Event()
diff --git a/src/graphql/execution/subscribe.py b/src/graphql/execution/subscribe.py
index 21fe4db3..c557ee9c 100644
--- a/src/graphql/execution/subscribe.py
+++ b/src/graphql/execution/subscribe.py
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+from asyncio import CancelledError
 from inspect import isawaitable
 from typing import (
     Any,
@@ -209,4 +210,6 @@ async def execute_subscription(context: ExecutionContext) -> AsyncIterable[Any]:
 
         return event_stream
     except Exception as error:
+        if isinstance(error, CancelledError):  # pragma: no cover (Python >= 3.8)
+            raise
         raise located_error(error, field_nodes, path.as_list())
diff --git a/src/graphql/graphql.py b/src/graphql/graphql.py
index c2e804cd..85fd22b8 100644
--- a/src/graphql/graphql.py
+++ b/src/graphql/graphql.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 from asyncio import ensure_future
+from sniffio import current_async_library
 from inspect import isawaitable
 from typing import Any, Awaitable, Callable, Dict, Optional, Union, Type, cast
 
@@ -143,7 +144,8 @@ def graphql_sync(
 
     # Assert that the execution was synchronous.
     if isawaitable(result):
-        ensure_future(cast(Awaitable[ExecutionResult], result)).cancel()
+        if current_async_library() == "asyncio":
+            ensure_future(cast(Awaitable[ExecutionResult], result)).cancel()
         raise RuntimeError("GraphQL execution failed to complete synchronously.")
 
     return cast(ExecutionResult, result)
diff --git a/src/graphql/pyutils/__init__.py b/src/graphql/pyutils/__init__.py
index c156de41..9cb4b162 100644
--- a/src/graphql/pyutils/__init__.py
+++ b/src/graphql/pyutils/__init__.py
@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@
 from .path import Path
 from .print_path_list import print_path_list
 from .simple_pub_sub import SimplePubSub, SimplePubSubIterator
+from .broadcast_stream import MemoryObjectBroadcastStream, create_broadcast_stream
 from .undefined import Undefined, UndefinedType
 
 __all__ = [
@@ -60,6 +61,8 @@
     "print_path_list",
     "SimplePubSub",
     "SimplePubSubIterator",
+    "MemoryObjectBroadcastStream",
+    "create_broadcast_stream",
     "Undefined",
     "UndefinedType",
 ]
diff --git a/src/graphql/pyutils/broadcast_stream.py b/src/graphql/pyutils/broadcast_stream.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9bab0463
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/graphql/pyutils/broadcast_stream.py
@@ -0,0 +1,148 @@
+from dataclasses import dataclass, field
+from typing import Any, List, Optional, Type, Callable
+from types import TracebackType
+
+import anyio
+from anyio.streams.memory import MemoryObjectSendStream, MemoryObjectReceiveStream
+
+__all__ = ["MemoryObjectBroadcastStream", "create_broadcast_stream"]
+
+
+def create_broadcast_stream(
+    max_buffer_size: float, requires_listeners: bool = False
+) -> "MemoryObjectBroadcastStream":
+    return MemoryObjectBroadcastStream(
+        BroadcastStreamState(max_buffer_size, requires_listeners)
+    )
+
+
+@dataclass
+class BroadcastStreamListener:
+    stream: MemoryObjectSendStream
+    transform: Optional[Callable[[Any], Any]] = None
+
+
+@dataclass
+class BroadcastStreamState:
+    max_buffer_size: float
+    requires_listeners: bool
+    listeners: List[BroadcastStreamListener] = field(default_factory=list)
+    ref_counter: int = 0
+
+
+class MemoryObjectBroadcastStream:
+    _state: BroadcastStreamState
+    _closed: bool
+
+    def __init__(self, state: BroadcastStreamState):
+        self._state = state
+        self._closed = False
+        self._state.ref_counter += 1
+
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        self.close()
+
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        if not self._closed:
+            self._closed = True
+            self._state.ref_counter -= 1
+            if self._state.ref_counter == 0:
+                for listener in self._state.listeners:
+                    listener.stream.close()
+                self._state.listeners = []
+
+    def clone(self) -> "MemoryObjectBroadcastStream":
+        if self._closed:
+            raise anyio.ClosedResourceError
+        return MemoryObjectBroadcastStream(self._state)
+
+    async def _send_to_listener(
+        self, listener: BroadcastStreamListener, item: Any
+    ) -> None:
+        try:
+            if listener.transform is not None:
+                item = listener.transform(item)
+            await listener.stream.send(item)
+        except (anyio.ClosedResourceError, anyio.BrokenResourceError):
+            with anyio.CancelScope(shield=True):
+                await listener.stream.aclose()
+                self._state.listeners.remove(listener)
+
+    async def send(self, item: Any) -> bool:
+        if self._closed:
+            raise anyio.ClosedResourceError
+        async with anyio.create_task_group() as tg:
+            for listener in self._state.listeners:
+                tg.start_soon(self._send_to_listener, listener, item)
+        if not self._state.listeners:
+            if self._state.requires_listeners:
+                raise anyio.BrokenResourceError
+            return False
+        return True
+
+    def send_nowait(self, item: Any) -> bool:
+        if self._closed:
+            raise anyio.ClosedResourceError
+        for listener in list(self._state.listeners):
+            stats = listener.stream.statistics()
+            if stats.open_receive_streams == 0:
+                listener.stream.close()
+                self._state.listeners.remove(listener)
+            # We raise WouldBlock before sending anything
+            if (
+                stats.max_buffer_size <= stats.current_buffer_used
+                and not stats.tasks_waiting_send
+            ):
+                raise anyio.WouldBlock
+
+        for listener in self._state.listeners:
+            try:
+                if listener.transform is not None:
+                    listener.stream.send_nowait(listener.transform(item))
+                else:
+                    listener.stream.send_nowait(item)
+            except (
+                anyio.ClosedResourceError,
+                anyio.BrokenResourceError,
+            ):  # pragma: no cover
+                # we checked all listeners beforehand, this should not happen
+                listener.stream.close()
+                self._state.listeners.remove(listener)
+            except anyio.WouldBlock:  # pragma: no cover
+                assert (
+                    False  # we checked all listeners beforehand, this should not happen
+                )
+        if not self._state.listeners:
+            if self._state.requires_listeners:
+                raise anyio.BrokenResourceError
+            return False
+        return True
+
+    def get_listener(
+        self, transform: Optional[Callable[[Any], Any]] = None
+    ) -> MemoryObjectReceiveStream:
+        send, receive = anyio.create_memory_object_stream(self._state.max_buffer_size)
+        self._state.listeners.append(BroadcastStreamListener(send, transform))
+        return receive
+
+    def __enter__(self) -> "MemoryObjectBroadcastStream":
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: Optional[Type[BaseException]],
+        exc_val: Optional[BaseException],
+        exc_tb: Optional[TracebackType],
+    ) -> None:
+        self.close()
+
+    async def __aenter__(self) -> "MemoryObjectBroadcastStream":
+        return self
+
+    async def __aexit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: Optional[Type[BaseException]],
+        exc_val: Optional[BaseException],
+        exc_tb: Optional[TracebackType],
+    ) -> None:
+        self.close()
diff --git a/src/graphql/pyutils/simple_pub_sub.py b/src/graphql/pyutils/simple_pub_sub.py
index 6b1ba050..e44b75e7 100644
--- a/src/graphql/pyutils/simple_pub_sub.py
+++ b/src/graphql/pyutils/simple_pub_sub.py
@@ -17,6 +17,8 @@ class SimplePubSub:
     Creates an AsyncIterator from an EventEmitter.
 
     Useful for mocking a PubSub system for tests.
+
+    Warning: Only works with an asyncio event loop.
     """
 
     subscribers: Set[Callable]
@@ -39,6 +41,10 @@ def get_subscriber(
 
 
 class SimplePubSubIterator(AsyncIterator):
+    """
+    Warning: Only works with an asyncio event loop.
+    """
+
     def __init__(self, pubsub: SimplePubSub, transform: Optional[Callable]) -> None:
         self.pubsub = pubsub
         self.transform = transform
diff --git a/src/graphql/utilities/ast_from_value.py b/src/graphql/utilities/ast_from_value.py
index 0b3413cb..208d9d95 100644
--- a/src/graphql/utilities/ast_from_value.py
+++ b/src/graphql/utilities/ast_from_value.py
@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ def ast_from_value(value: Any, type_: GraphQLInputType) -> Optional[ValueNode]:
             return IntValueNode(value=str(serialized))
         if isinstance(serialized, float) and isfinite(serialized):
             value = str(serialized)
-            if value.endswith('.0'):
+            if value.endswith(".0"):
                 value = value[:-2]
             return FloatValueNode(value=value)
 
diff --git a/tests/benchmarks/test_execution_async.py b/tests/benchmarks/test_execution_async.py
index 87b0cb87..1aa42d9b 100644
--- a/tests/benchmarks/test_execution_async.py
+++ b/tests/benchmarks/test_execution_async.py
@@ -64,7 +64,8 @@ def test_execute_basic_async(anyio_backend, benchmark):
 
 @mark.parametrize("anyio_backend", ["trio"])
 def test_execute_basic_async_trio(anyio_backend, benchmark):
-    # TODO: can the trio loop be started beforehand? run benchmark in async function somehow?
+    # TODO: can the trio loop be started beforehand?
+    # Can the benchmark be run in an async function somehow?
     import trio
 
     result = benchmark(lambda: trio.run(graphql, schema, "query { user { id, name }}"))
diff --git a/tests/execution/test_map_async_iterator.py b/tests/execution/test_map_async_iterator.py
index 43f3d8dc..d8a89d4d 100644
--- a/tests/execution/test_map_async_iterator.py
+++ b/tests/execution/test_map_async_iterator.py
@@ -401,9 +401,9 @@ async def set_done():
                 # Unblock and watch StopAsyncIteration propagate
                 try:
                     await doubles.aclose()
-                except:
-                    assert False  # ensure that aclose does not raise a StopAsyncIteration
-                    
+                except StopAsyncIteration:  # pragma: no cover
+                    assert False  # other exceptions would fail the test anyway
+
         assert done
 
         with raises(StopAsyncIteration):
@@ -448,6 +448,10 @@ async def aclose(self):
         iterator.is_closed = False
         doubles.is_closed = False
         assert not doubles.is_closed
+        # ensure is_closed=False is idempotent
+        close_evt = doubles._close_event
+        doubles.is_closed = False
+        assert close_evt == doubles._close_event
 
         assert await anext(doubles) == 6
         assert not doubles.is_closed
@@ -461,6 +465,8 @@ async def aclose(self):
 
     @mark.anyio
     async def can_cancel_async_iterator_while_waiting():
+        is_waiting = Event()
+
         class Iterator:
             def __init__(self):
                 self.is_closed = False
@@ -471,6 +477,7 @@ def __aiter__(self):
 
             async def __anext__(self):
                 try:
+                    is_waiting.set()
                     await sleep(0.5)
                     return self.value  # pragma: no cover
                 except get_cancelled_exc_class():
@@ -494,7 +501,7 @@ async def iterator_task():
 
         async with create_task_group() as tg:
             tg.start_soon(iterator_task)
-            await sleep(0.05)
+            await is_waiting.wait()
             assert not cancelled
             assert not doubles.is_closed
             assert iterator.value == 1
diff --git a/tests/execution/test_parallel.py b/tests/execution/test_parallel.py
index fc74025b..8f591ee8 100644
--- a/tests/execution/test_parallel.py
+++ b/tests/execution/test_parallel.py
@@ -55,12 +55,40 @@ async def resolve(*_args):
         # raises TimeoutError if not parallel
         awaitable_result = execute(schema, ast)
         assert isinstance(awaitable_result, Awaitable)
-        
+
         with anyio.fail_after(1.0):
             result = await awaitable_result
 
         assert result == ({"foo": True, "bar": True}, None)
 
+    @mark.anyio
+    async def cancel_resolve_fields_in_parallel():
+        ast = parse("{foo, bar}")
+
+        async def resolve(*_args):
+            return await anyio.sleep(5)
+
+        schema = GraphQLSchema(
+            GraphQLObjectType(
+                "Type",
+                {
+                    "foo": GraphQLField(GraphQLString, resolve=resolve),
+                    "bar": GraphQLField(GraphQLString, resolve=resolve),
+                },
+            )
+        )
+
+        awaitable_result = execute(schema, ast)
+        assert isinstance(awaitable_result, Awaitable)
+        cancelled = False
+        with anyio.move_on_after(0.1):
+            try:
+                await awaitable_result
+            except anyio.get_cancelled_exc_class():
+                cancelled = True
+                raise
+        assert cancelled
+
     @mark.anyio
     async def resolve_list_in_parallel():
         barrier = Barrier(2)
@@ -92,6 +120,38 @@ async def resolve_list(*args):
 
         assert result == ({"foo": [True, True]}, None)
 
+    @mark.anyio
+    async def cancel_resolve_list_in_parallel():
+        async def resolve(*_args):
+            return await anyio.sleep(5)
+
+        async def resolve_list(*args):
+            return [resolve(*args), resolve(*args)]
+
+        schema = GraphQLSchema(
+            GraphQLObjectType(
+                "Query",
+                {
+                    "foo": GraphQLField(
+                        GraphQLList(GraphQLBoolean), resolve=resolve_list
+                    )
+                },
+            )
+        )
+
+        ast = parse("{foo}")
+
+        awaitable_result = execute(schema, ast)
+        assert isinstance(awaitable_result, Awaitable)
+        cancelled = False
+        with anyio.move_on_after(0.1):
+            try:
+                await awaitable_result
+            except anyio.get_cancelled_exc_class():
+                cancelled = True
+                raise
+        assert cancelled
+
     @mark.anyio
     async def resolve_is_type_of_in_parallel():
         FooType = GraphQLInterfaceType("Foo", {"foo": GraphQLField(GraphQLString)})
@@ -158,3 +218,67 @@ async def is_type_of_baz(obj, *_args):
             {"foo": [{"foo": "bar", "foobar": 1}, {"foo": "baz", "foobaz": 2}]},
             None,
         )
+
+    @mark.anyio
+    async def cancel_resolve_is_type_of_in_parallel():
+        FooType = GraphQLInterfaceType("Foo", {"foo": GraphQLField(GraphQLString)})
+
+        async def is_type_of_bar(obj, *_args):
+            await anyio.sleep(5)
+
+        BarType = GraphQLObjectType(
+            "Bar",
+            {"foo": GraphQLField(GraphQLString), "foobar": GraphQLField(GraphQLInt)},
+            interfaces=[FooType],
+            is_type_of=is_type_of_bar,
+        )
+
+        async def is_type_of_baz(obj, *_args):
+            await anyio.sleep(5)
+
+        BazType = GraphQLObjectType(
+            "Baz",
+            {"foo": GraphQLField(GraphQLString), "foobaz": GraphQLField(GraphQLInt)},
+            interfaces=[FooType],
+            is_type_of=is_type_of_baz,
+        )
+
+        schema = GraphQLSchema(
+            GraphQLObjectType(
+                "Query",
+                {
+                    "foo": GraphQLField(
+                        GraphQLList(FooType),
+                        resolve=lambda *_args: [
+                            {"foo": "bar", "foobar": 1},
+                            {"foo": "baz", "foobaz": 2},
+                        ],
+                    )
+                },
+            ),
+            types=[BarType, BazType],
+        )
+
+        ast = parse(
+            """
+            {
+              foo {
+                foo
+                ... on Bar { foobar }
+                ... on Baz { foobaz }
+              }
+            }
+            """
+        )
+
+        # raises TimeoutError if not parallel
+        awaitable_result = execute(schema, ast)
+        assert isinstance(awaitable_result, Awaitable)
+        cancelled = False
+        with anyio.move_on_after(0.1):
+            try:
+                await awaitable_result
+            except anyio.get_cancelled_exc_class():
+                cancelled = True
+                raise
+        assert cancelled
diff --git a/tests/execution/test_subscribe.py b/tests/execution/test_subscribe.py
index 1b7d678f..533fdbce 100644
--- a/tests/execution/test_subscribe.py
+++ b/tests/execution/test_subscribe.py
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 import anyio
-
+import math
 from typing import Any, Dict, List, Callable
 
 from pytest import mark, raises
 
 from graphql.language import parse
-from graphql.pyutils import SimplePubSub
+from graphql.pyutils import MemoryObjectBroadcastStream, create_broadcast_stream
 from graphql.type import (
     GraphQLArgument,
     GraphQLBoolean,
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ async def anext(iterator):
 )
 
 
-def create_subscription(pubsub: SimplePubSub):
+def create_subscription(pubsub: MemoryObjectBroadcastStream):
     document = parse(
         """
         subscription ($priority: Int = 0) {
@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ def transform(new_email):
 
     data: Dict[str, Any] = {
         "inbox": {"emails": emails},
-        "importantEmail": pubsub.get_subscriber(transform),
+        "importantEmail": pubsub.get_listener(transform),
     }
 
     return subscribe(email_schema, document, data)
@@ -466,7 +466,7 @@ async def resolves_to_an_error_if_variables_were_wrong_type():
 def describe_subscription_publish_phase():
     @mark.anyio
     async def produces_a_payload_for_multiple_subscribe_in_same_subscription():
-        pubsub = SimplePubSub()
+        pubsub = create_broadcast_stream(math.inf)
 
         subscription = await create_subscription(pubsub)
         assert isinstance(subscription, MapAsyncIterator)
@@ -478,7 +478,7 @@ async def produces_a_payload_for_multiple_subscribe_in_same_subscription():
         payload2 = anext(second_subscription)
 
         assert (
-            pubsub.emit(
+            await pubsub.send(
                 {
                     "from": "yuzhi@graphql.org",
                     "subject": "Alright",
@@ -501,7 +501,7 @@ async def produces_a_payload_for_multiple_subscribe_in_same_subscription():
 
     @mark.anyio
     async def produces_a_payload_per_subscription_event():
-        pubsub = SimplePubSub()
+        pubsub = create_broadcast_stream(math.inf)
         subscription = await create_subscription(pubsub)
         assert isinstance(subscription, MapAsyncIterator)
 
@@ -510,7 +510,7 @@ async def produces_a_payload_per_subscription_event():
 
         # A new email arrives!
         assert (
-            pubsub.emit(
+            await pubsub.send(
                 {
                     "from": "yuzhi@graphql.org",
                     "subject": "Alright",
@@ -534,7 +534,7 @@ async def produces_a_payload_per_subscription_event():
 
         # Another new email arrives, before anext(subscription) is called.
         assert (
-            pubsub.emit(
+            await pubsub.send(
                 {
                     "from": "hyo@graphql.org",
                     "subject": "Tools",
@@ -562,7 +562,7 @@ async def produces_a_payload_per_subscription_event():
 
         # Which may result in disconnecting upstream services as well.
         assert (
-            pubsub.emit(
+            await pubsub.send(
                 {
                     "from": "adam@graphql.org",
                     "subject": "Important",
@@ -579,7 +579,7 @@ async def produces_a_payload_per_subscription_event():
 
     @mark.anyio
     async def produces_a_payload_when_there_are_multiple_events():
-        pubsub = SimplePubSub()
+        pubsub = create_broadcast_stream(math.inf)
         subscription = await create_subscription(pubsub)
         assert isinstance(subscription, MapAsyncIterator)
 
@@ -587,7 +587,7 @@ async def produces_a_payload_when_there_are_multiple_events():
 
         # A new email arrives!
         assert (
-            pubsub.emit(
+            await pubsub.send(
                 {
                     "from": "yuzhi@graphql.org",
                     "subject": "Alright",
@@ -612,7 +612,7 @@ async def produces_a_payload_when_there_are_multiple_events():
 
         # A new email arrives!
         assert (
-            pubsub.emit(
+            await pubsub.send(
                 {
                     "from": "yuzhi@graphql.org",
                     "subject": "Alright 2",
@@ -635,7 +635,7 @@ async def produces_a_payload_when_there_are_multiple_events():
 
     @mark.anyio
     async def should_not_trigger_when_subscription_is_already_done():
-        pubsub = SimplePubSub()
+        pubsub = create_broadcast_stream(math.inf)
         subscription = await create_subscription(pubsub)
         assert isinstance(subscription, MapAsyncIterator)
 
@@ -643,7 +643,7 @@ async def should_not_trigger_when_subscription_is_already_done():
 
         # A new email arrives!
         assert (
-            pubsub.emit(
+            await pubsub.send(
                 {
                     "from": "yuzhi@graphql.org",
                     "subject": "Alright",
@@ -669,7 +669,7 @@ async def should_not_trigger_when_subscription_is_already_done():
 
         # A new email arrives!
         assert (
-            pubsub.emit(
+            await pubsub.send(
                 {
                     "from": "yuzhi@graphql.org",
                     "subject": "Alright 2",
@@ -685,7 +685,7 @@ async def should_not_trigger_when_subscription_is_already_done():
 
     @mark.anyio
     async def should_not_trigger_when_subscription_is_thrown():
-        pubsub = SimplePubSub()
+        pubsub = create_broadcast_stream(math.inf)
         subscription = await create_subscription(pubsub)
         assert isinstance(subscription, MapAsyncIterator)
 
@@ -693,7 +693,7 @@ async def should_not_trigger_when_subscription_is_thrown():
 
         # A new email arrives!
         assert (
-            pubsub.emit(
+            await pubsub.send(
                 {
                     "from": "yuzhi@graphql.org",
                     "subject": "Alright",
@@ -726,7 +726,7 @@ async def should_not_trigger_when_subscription_is_thrown():
 
     @mark.anyio
     async def event_order_is_correct_for_multiple_publishes():
-        pubsub = SimplePubSub()
+        pubsub = create_broadcast_stream(math.inf)
         subscription = await create_subscription(pubsub)
         assert isinstance(subscription, MapAsyncIterator)
 
@@ -734,7 +734,7 @@ async def event_order_is_correct_for_multiple_publishes():
 
         # A new email arrives!
         assert (
-            pubsub.emit(
+            await pubsub.send(
                 {
                     "from": "yuzhi@graphql.org",
                     "subject": "Message",
@@ -747,7 +747,7 @@ async def event_order_is_correct_for_multiple_publishes():
 
         # A new email arrives!
         assert (
-            pubsub.emit(
+            await pubsub.send(
                 {
                     "from": "yuzhi@graphql.org",
                     "subject": "Message 2",
diff --git a/tests/pyutils/test_broadcast_stream.py b/tests/pyutils/test_broadcast_stream.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..3832c115
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/pyutils/test_broadcast_stream.py
@@ -0,0 +1,192 @@
+from anyio import (
+    sleep,
+    fail_after,
+    create_task_group,
+    Event,
+    ClosedResourceError,
+    WouldBlock,
+    BrokenResourceError,
+)
+import math
+
+from pytest import mark, raises
+
+from graphql.pyutils import create_broadcast_stream
+
+
+def describe_broadcast_stream():
+    @mark.anyio
+    async def subscribe_async_iterator_mock():
+        pubsub = create_broadcast_stream(math.inf)
+        iterator = pubsub.get_listener()
+
+        with fail_after(1):
+            # Queue up publishes
+            assert pubsub.send_nowait("Apple") is True
+            assert pubsub.send_nowait("Banana") is True
+
+            # Read payloads
+            assert await iterator.__anext__() == "Apple"
+            assert await iterator.__anext__() == "Banana"
+
+            # Waiting for data
+            is_waiting = Event()
+            i3 = None
+            i4 = None
+
+            async def wait_for_next():
+                nonlocal i3, i4
+                is_waiting.set()
+                i3 = await iterator.__anext__()
+                i4 = await iterator.__anext__()
+
+            async with create_task_group() as tg:
+                tg.start_soon(wait_for_next)
+                await is_waiting.wait()
+                await sleep(0.1)
+                # Publish
+                assert pubsub.send_nowait("Coconut") is True
+                assert pubsub.send_nowait("Durian") is True
+
+            assert i3 == "Coconut"
+            assert i4 == "Durian"
+
+            # Terminate queue
+            await iterator.aclose()
+
+            # Publish is not caught after terminate
+            assert pubsub.send_nowait("Fig") is False
+
+            with raises(ClosedResourceError):
+                await iterator.__anext__()
+
+    @mark.anyio
+    async def iterator_aclose_closes_listeners():
+        pubsub = create_broadcast_stream(math.inf)
+        assert not pubsub._state.listeners
+        iterator = pubsub.get_listener()
+        assert len(pubsub._state.listeners) == 1
+
+        for value in range(3):
+            pubsub.send_nowait(value)
+        await sleep(0)
+        await iterator.aclose()
+        assert pubsub.send_nowait(value) is False  # listeners closed on next send
+        assert not pubsub._state.listeners
+
+    @mark.anyio
+    async def stream_aclose_closes_listeners():
+        pubsub = create_broadcast_stream(math.inf)
+        iterator = pubsub.get_listener()
+        await pubsub.aclose()
+        with fail_after(1):
+            async for el in iterator:
+                pass
+
+    @mark.anyio
+    async def multiple_listeners_get_object():
+        pubsub = create_broadcast_stream(math.inf)
+        iterator1 = pubsub.get_listener()
+        pubsub.send_nowait("A")
+        iterator2 = pubsub.get_listener()
+        pubsub.send_nowait("B")
+        pubsub.send_nowait("C")
+        await pubsub.aclose()
+        await pubsub.aclose()  # idempotent
+        with fail_after(1):
+            assert ["A", "B", "C"] == [el async for el in iterator1]
+            assert ["B", "C"] == [el async for el in iterator2]
+
+    @mark.anyio
+    async def cloned_broadcast():
+        pubsub1 = create_broadcast_stream(math.inf)
+        pubsub2 = pubsub1.clone()
+        iterator1 = pubsub1.get_listener()
+        pubsub2.send_nowait("A")
+        iterator2 = pubsub2.get_listener()
+        pubsub1.send_nowait("B")
+        pubsub2.send_nowait("C")
+
+        assert pubsub2._state.ref_counter == 2
+        await pubsub1.aclose()
+        assert pubsub2._state.ref_counter == 1
+        # check expected errors after close
+        with raises(ClosedResourceError):
+            pubsub1.send_nowait("D")
+        with raises(ClosedResourceError):
+            await pubsub1.send("D")
+        with raises(ClosedResourceError):
+            pubsub1.clone()
+
+        # idempotent close
+        assert pubsub2._state.ref_counter == 1
+        await pubsub1.aclose()
+        assert pubsub2._state.ref_counter == 1
+        pubsub2.send_nowait("E")
+
+        await pubsub2.aclose()
+        with fail_after(1):
+            assert ["A", "B", "C", "E"] == [el async for el in iterator1]
+            assert ["B", "C", "E"] == [el async for el in iterator2]
+
+    def blocking_stream():
+        pubsub = create_broadcast_stream(0)
+        pubsub.send_nowait("A")  # no listener
+
+        pubsub.get_listener()
+        with raises(WouldBlock):
+            pubsub.send_nowait("B")
+
+    @mark.anyio
+    async def close_listeners():
+        pubsub = create_broadcast_stream(math.inf)
+        iterator = pubsub.get_listener()
+        assert pubsub._state.listeners
+        await iterator.aclose()
+        pubsub.send_nowait("A")
+        assert not pubsub._state.listeners
+
+    @mark.anyio
+    async def requires_listeners():
+        pubsub = create_broadcast_stream(math.inf, requires_listeners=True)
+        with raises(BrokenResourceError):
+            pubsub.send_nowait("A")
+
+        iterator = pubsub.get_listener()
+        assert pubsub._state.listeners
+        await iterator.aclose()
+        with raises(BrokenResourceError):
+            pubsub.send_nowait("B")
+        assert not pubsub._state.listeners
+
+        iterator = pubsub.get_listener()
+        assert pubsub._state.listeners
+        await iterator.aclose()
+        with raises(BrokenResourceError):
+            await pubsub.send("C")
+        assert not pubsub._state.listeners
+
+    @mark.anyio
+    async def transformation():
+        pubsub = create_broadcast_stream(math.inf)
+        iterator1 = pubsub.get_listener(transform=lambda el: 2 * el)
+        pubsub.send_nowait(1)
+        iterator2 = pubsub.get_listener(transform=lambda el: 3 * el)
+        pubsub.send_nowait(2)
+        pubsub.send_nowait(3)
+        await pubsub.aclose()
+        with fail_after(1):
+            assert [2, 4, 6] == [el async for el in iterator1]
+            assert [6, 9] == [el async for el in iterator2]
+
+    @mark.anyio
+    async def context_manager():
+        pubsub = create_broadcast_stream(math.inf)
+        async with pubsub as context:
+            assert pubsub is context
+        assert pubsub._closed
+
+        pubsub = create_broadcast_stream(math.inf)
+        with pubsub as context:
+            assert pubsub is context
+        assert pubsub._closed
diff --git a/tests/pyutils/test_simple_pub_sub.py b/tests/pyutils/test_simple_pub_sub.py
index 59861d94..dbbf775b 100644
--- a/tests/pyutils/test_simple_pub_sub.py
+++ b/tests/pyutils/test_simple_pub_sub.py
@@ -7,11 +7,12 @@
 
 
 def describe_simple_pub_sub():
-    @mark.anyio
-    async def subscribe_async_iterator_mock():
+    @mark.parametrize("anyio_backend", ["asyncio"])
+    async def subscribe_async_iterator_mock(anyio_backend):
         pubsub = SimplePubSub()
         iterator = pubsub.get_subscriber()
 
+        assert iterator.__aiter__() == iterator
         # Queue up publishes
         assert pubsub.emit("Apple") is True
         assert pubsub.emit("Banana") is True
@@ -51,8 +52,8 @@ async def subscribe_async_iterator_mock():
         with raises(StopAsyncIteration):
             await iterator.__anext__()
 
-    @mark.anyio
-    async def iterator_aclose_empties_push_queue():
+    @mark.parametrize("anyio_backend", ["asyncio"])
+    async def iterator_aclose_empties_push_queue(anyio_backend):
         pubsub = SimplePubSub()
         assert not pubsub.subscribers
         iterator = pubsub.get_subscriber()
@@ -69,8 +70,8 @@ async def iterator_aclose_empties_push_queue():
         assert iterator.pull_queue.qsize() == 0
         assert not iterator.listening
 
-    @mark.anyio
-    async def iterator_aclose_empties_pull_queue():
+    @mark.parametrize("anyio_backend", ["asyncio"])
+    async def iterator_aclose_empties_pull_queue(anyio_backend):
         pubsub = SimplePubSub()
         assert not pubsub.subscribers
         iterator = pubsub.get_subscriber()
@@ -86,11 +87,26 @@ async def iterator_aclose_empties_pull_queue():
         assert iterator.pull_queue.qsize() == 0
         assert not iterator.listening
 
-    @mark.anyio
-    async def iterator_aclose_is_idempotent():
+    @mark.parametrize("anyio_backend", ["asyncio"])
+    async def iterator_aclose_is_idempotent(anyio_backend):
         pubsub = SimplePubSub()
         iterator = pubsub.get_subscriber()
         assert iterator.listening
         for n in range(3):
             await iterator.aclose()
             assert not iterator.listening
+
+    @mark.parametrize("anyio_backend", ["asyncio"])
+    async def non_async_subscriber(anyio_backend):
+        message = "test message"
+        received_message = False
+
+        def get_msg(evt):
+            nonlocal received_message
+            assert evt == message
+            received_message = True
+
+        pubsub = SimplePubSub()
+        pubsub.subscribers.add(get_msg)
+        pubsub.emit(message)
+        assert received_message
diff --git a/tests/test_user_registry.py b/tests/test_user_registry.py
index fdbd7f9a..98b394dd 100644
--- a/tests/test_user_registry.py
+++ b/tests/test_user_registry.py
@@ -4,18 +4,20 @@
 operations on a simulated user registry database backend.
 """
 
-from anyio import create_task_group, fail_after, sleep
+from anyio import create_task_group, fail_after, sleep, Event, TASK_STATUS_IGNORED
+from anyio.abc import TaskStatus
+from anyio.streams.memory import MemoryObjectReceiveStream
 from collections import defaultdict
 from enum import Enum
-from inspect import isawaitable
-from typing import Any, Dict, List, NamedTuple, Optional
+from typing import Any, Dict, List, NamedTuple, Optional, Callable, Tuple, Coroutine
+from functools import partial
 
 from pytest import fixture, mark
 
 from graphql import (
     graphql,
     parse,
-    subscribe, 
+    subscribe,
     GraphQLArgument,
     GraphQLBoolean,
     GraphQLEnumType,
@@ -30,7 +32,7 @@
     GraphQLString,
 )
 
-from graphql.pyutils import SimplePubSub, SimplePubSubIterator
+from graphql.pyutils import create_broadcast_stream
 from graphql.execution.map_async_iterator import MapAsyncIterator
 
 
@@ -57,7 +59,7 @@ class UserRegistry:
 
     def __init__(self, **users):
         self._registry: Dict[str, User] = users
-        self._pubsub = defaultdict(SimplePubSub)
+        self._pubsub = defaultdict(partial(create_broadcast_stream, 0))
 
     async def get(self, id_: str) -> Optional[User]:
         """Get a user object from the registry"""
@@ -70,7 +72,7 @@ async def create(self, **kwargs) -> User:
         id_ = str(len(self._registry))
         user = User(id=id_, **kwargs)
         self._registry[id_] = user
-        self.emit_event(MutationEnum.CREATED, user)
+        await self.emit_event(MutationEnum.CREATED, user)
         return user
 
     async def update(self, id_: str, **kwargs) -> User:
@@ -79,24 +81,24 @@ async def update(self, id_: str, **kwargs) -> User:
         # noinspection PyProtectedMember
         user = self._registry[id_]._replace(**kwargs)
         self._registry[id_] = user
-        self.emit_event(MutationEnum.UPDATED, user)
+        await self.emit_event(MutationEnum.UPDATED, user)
         return user
 
     async def delete(self, id_: str) -> User:
         """Delete a user object in the registry"""
         await sleep(0)
         user = self._registry.pop(id_)
-        self.emit_event(MutationEnum.DELETED, user)
+        await self.emit_event(MutationEnum.DELETED, user)
         return user
 
-    def emit_event(self, mutation: MutationEnum, user: User) -> None:
+    async def emit_event(self, mutation: MutationEnum, user: User) -> None:
         """Emit mutation events for the given object and its class"""
         payload = {"user": user, "mutation": mutation.value}
-        self._pubsub[None].emit(payload)  # notify all user subscriptions
-        self._pubsub[user.id].emit(payload)  # notify single user subscriptions
+        await self._pubsub[None].send(payload)  # notify all user subscriptions
+        await self._pubsub[user.id].send(payload)  # notify single user subscriptions
 
-    def event_iterator(self, id_: Optional[str]) -> SimplePubSubIterator:
-        return self._pubsub[id_].get_subscriber()
+    def event_iterator(self, id_: Optional[str]) -> MemoryObjectReceiveStream:
+        return self._pubsub[id_].get_listener()
 
 
 mutation_type = GraphQLEnumType("MutationType", MutationEnum)
@@ -158,8 +160,9 @@ async def resolve_delete_user(_root, info, id):
 async def subscribe_user(_root, info, id=None):
     """Subscribe to mutations of a specific user object or all user objects"""
     async_iterator = info.context["registry"].event_iterator(id)
-    async for event in async_iterator:
-        yield await event if isawaitable(event) else event  # pragma: no cover exit
+    async with async_iterator:  # pragma: no cover exit
+        async for event in async_iterator:
+            yield event  # pragma: no cover exit
 
 
 # noinspection PyShadowingBuiltins,PyUnusedLocal
@@ -253,149 +256,174 @@ async def query_user(context):
         }
 
 
+def expect_events(
+    num_events: int,
+) -> Tuple[
+    Dict[str, Any],
+    Event,
+    Callable[[MemoryObjectReceiveStream, str], Coroutine[None, None, None]],
+]:
+    received = {}
+    all_events_received = Event()
+
+    async def subscriber(
+        publisher, event_name, task_status: TaskStatus = TASK_STATUS_IGNORED
+    ):
+        nonlocal num_events
+        async with publisher.get_listener() as listener:
+            task_status.started()
+            async for msg in listener:  # pragma: no cover exit
+                received[event_name] = msg
+                num_events -= 1
+                print("received", event_name, msg)
+                print("remaining_num", num_events)
+                if num_events == 0:
+                    all_events_received.set()
+
+    return received, all_events_received, subscriber
+
+
 def describe_mutation():
     @mark.anyio
     async def create_user(context):
-        received = {}
-
-        def subscriber(event_name):
-            def receive(msg):
-                received[event_name] = msg
-
-            return receive
+        received, received_events, subscriber = expect_events(2)
 
         # noinspection PyProtectedMember
         pubsub = context["registry"]._pubsub
-        pubsub[None].subscribers.add(subscriber("User"))
-        pubsub["0"].subscribers.add(subscriber("User 0"))
-
-        query = """
-            mutation ($userData: UserInputType!) {
-                createUser(data: $userData) {
-                    id, firstName, lastName, tweets, verified
+        with fail_after(1):
+            async with create_task_group() as tg:
+                await tg.start(subscriber, pubsub[None], "User")
+                await tg.start(subscriber, pubsub["0"], "User 0")
+
+                query = """
+                    mutation ($userData: UserInputType!) {
+                        createUser(data: $userData) {
+                            id, firstName, lastName, tweets, verified
+                        }
+                    }
+                    """
+                user_data = dict(
+                    firstName="John", lastName="Doe", tweets=42, verified=True
+                )
+                variables = {"userData": user_data}
+                result = await graphql(
+                    schema, query, context_value=context, variable_values=variables
+                )
+
+                user = await context["registry"].get("0")
+                assert user == User(id="0", **user_data)  # type: ignore
+
+                assert result.errors is None
+                assert result.data == {
+                    "createUser": {
+                        "id": user.id,
+                        "firstName": user.firstName,
+                        "lastName": user.lastName,
+                        "tweets": user.tweets,
+                        "verified": user.verified,
+                    }
                 }
-            }
-            """
-        user_data = dict(firstName="John", lastName="Doe", tweets=42, verified=True)
-        variables = {"userData": user_data}
-        result = await graphql(
-            schema, query, context_value=context, variable_values=variables
-        )
-
-        user = await context["registry"].get("0")
-        assert user == User(id="0", **user_data)  # type: ignore
 
-        assert result.errors is None
-        assert result.data == {
-            "createUser": {
-                "id": user.id,
-                "firstName": user.firstName,
-                "lastName": user.lastName,
-                "tweets": user.tweets,
-                "verified": user.verified,
-            }
-        }
-
-        assert received == {
-            "User": {"user": user, "mutation": MutationEnum.CREATED.value},
-            "User 0": {"user": user, "mutation": MutationEnum.CREATED.value},
-        }
+                print("WAITING FOR EVENTS")
+                await received_events.wait()
+                print("DONE")
+                assert received == {
+                    "User": {"user": user, "mutation": MutationEnum.CREATED.value},
+                    "User 0": {"user": user, "mutation": MutationEnum.CREATED.value},
+                }
+                tg.cancel_scope.cancel()
 
     @mark.anyio
     async def update_user(context):
-        received = {}
-
-        def subscriber(event_name):
-            def receive(msg):
-                received[event_name] = msg
-
-            return receive
+        received, received_events, subscriber = expect_events(2)
 
         # noinspection PyProtectedMember
         pubsub = context["registry"]._pubsub
-        pubsub[None].subscribers.add(subscriber("User"))
-        pubsub["0"].subscribers.add(subscriber("User 0"))
-
-        user = await context["registry"].create(
-            firstName="John", lastName="Doe", tweets=42, verified=True
-        )
-        user_data = {
-            "firstName": "Jane",
-            "lastName": "Roe",
-            "tweets": 210,
-            "verified": False,
-        }
+        with fail_after(1):
+            async with create_task_group() as tg:
+                await tg.start(subscriber, pubsub[None], "User")
+                await tg.start(subscriber, pubsub["0"], "User 0")
 
-        query = """
-            mutation ($userId: ID!, $userData: UserInputType!) {
-                updateUser(id: $userId, data: $userData) {
-                    id, firstName, lastName, tweets, verified
+                user = await context["registry"].create(
+                    firstName="John", lastName="Doe", tweets=42, verified=True
+                )
+                user_data = {
+                    "firstName": "Jane",
+                    "lastName": "Roe",
+                    "tweets": 210,
+                    "verified": False,
                 }
-            }"""
-
-        variables = {"userId": user.id, "userData": user_data}
-        result = await graphql(
-            schema, query, context_value=context, variable_values=variables
-        )
 
-        user = await context["registry"].get("0")
-        assert user == User(id="0", **user_data)  # type: ignore
-
-        assert result.errors is None
-        assert result.data == {
-            "updateUser": {
-                "id": user.id,
-                "firstName": user.firstName,
-                "lastName": user.lastName,
-                "tweets": user.tweets,
-                "verified": user.verified,
-            }
-        }
+                query = """
+                    mutation ($userId: ID!, $userData: UserInputType!) {
+                        updateUser(id: $userId, data: $userData) {
+                            id, firstName, lastName, tweets, verified
+                        }
+                    }"""
+
+                variables = {"userId": user.id, "userData": user_data}
+                result = await graphql(
+                    schema, query, context_value=context, variable_values=variables
+                )
+
+                user = await context["registry"].get("0")
+                assert user == User(id="0", **user_data)  # type: ignore
+
+                assert result.errors is None
+                assert result.data == {
+                    "updateUser": {
+                        "id": user.id,
+                        "firstName": user.firstName,
+                        "lastName": user.lastName,
+                        "tweets": user.tweets,
+                        "verified": user.verified,
+                    }
+                }
 
-        assert received == {
-            "User": {"user": user, "mutation": MutationEnum.UPDATED.value},
-            "User 0": {"user": user, "mutation": MutationEnum.UPDATED.value},
-        }
+                await received_events.wait()
+                assert received == {
+                    "User": {"user": user, "mutation": MutationEnum.UPDATED.value},
+                    "User 0": {"user": user, "mutation": MutationEnum.UPDATED.value},
+                }
+                tg.cancel_scope.cancel()
 
     @mark.anyio
     async def delete_user(context):
-        received = {}
-
-        def subscriber(name):
-            def receive(msg):
-                received[name] = msg
-
-            return receive
+        received, received_events, subscriber = expect_events(2)
 
         # noinspection PyProtectedMember
         pubsub = context["registry"]._pubsub
-        pubsub[None].subscribers.add(subscriber("User"))
-        pubsub["0"].subscribers.add(subscriber("User 0"))
+        with fail_after(1):
+            async with create_task_group() as tg:
+                await tg.start(subscriber, pubsub[None], "User")
+                await tg.start(subscriber, pubsub["0"], "User 0")
 
-        user = await context["registry"].create(
-            firstName="John", lastName="Doe", tweets=42, verified=True
-        )
+                user = await context["registry"].create(
+                    firstName="John", lastName="Doe", tweets=42, verified=True
+                )
 
-        query = """
-            mutation ($userId: ID!) {
-                deleteUser(id: $userId)
-            }
-            """
+                query = """
+                    mutation ($userId: ID!) {
+                        deleteUser(id: $userId)
+                    }
+                    """
 
-        variables = {"userId": user.id}
-        result = await graphql(
-            schema, query, context_value=context, variable_values=variables
-        )
+                variables = {"userId": user.id}
+                result = await graphql(
+                    schema, query, context_value=context, variable_values=variables
+                )
 
-        assert result.errors is None
-        assert result.data == {"deleteUser": True}
+                assert result.errors is None
+                assert result.data == {"deleteUser": True}
 
-        assert await context["registry"].get(user.id) is None
+                assert await context["registry"].get(user.id) is None
 
-        assert received == {
-            "User": {"user": user, "mutation": MutationEnum.DELETED.value},
-            "User 0": {"user": user, "mutation": MutationEnum.DELETED.value},
-        }
+                await received_events.wait()
+                assert received == {
+                    "User": {"user": user, "mutation": MutationEnum.DELETED.value},
+                    "User 0": {"user": user, "mutation": MutationEnum.DELETED.value},
+                }
+                tg.cancel_scope.cancel()
 
 
 def describe_subscription():
diff --git a/tox.ini b/tox.ini
index 5751ed78..479043eb 100644
--- a/tox.ini
+++ b/tox.ini
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ python =
 
 [testenv:black]
 basepython = python3.9
-deps = black==22.1.0
+deps = black==22.3.0
 commands  =
     black src tests setup.py -t py39 --check
 
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ commands =
 basepython = python3.9
 deps =
     mypy==0.931
+    trio-typing>=0.7.0,<0.8.0
     pytest>=6.2,<7
 commands =
     mypy src tests
@@ -47,11 +48,12 @@ commands =
 [testenv]
 deps =
     pytest>=6.2,<7
-    pytest-asyncio>=0.16,<1
     pytest-benchmark>=3.4,<4
     pytest-cov>=3,<4
     pytest-describe>=2,<3
     pytest-timeout>=2,<3
+    anyio>=3.5.0
     py36,py37: typing-extensions>=4,<5
+    py37,py38,py39,py310: trio>=0.16,<0.21
 commands =
     pytest tests {posargs: --cov-report=term-missing --cov=graphql --cov=tests --cov-fail-under=100}