3_fullinitialization.s

PORTB = $6000
PORTA = $6001
DDRB = $6002
DDRA = $6003

E  = %10000000
RW = %01000000
RS = %00100000

SD_CS   = %00010000
SD_SCK  = %00001000
SD_MOSI = %00000100
SD_MISO = %00000010

PORTA_OUTPUTPINS = E | RW | RS | SD_CS | SD_SCK | SD_MOSI

zp_sd_cmd_address = $40


  .org $e000

reset:
  ldx #$ff
  txs

  lda #%11111111          ; Set all pins on port B to output
  sta DDRB
  lda #PORTA_OUTPUTPINS   ; Set various pins on port A to output
  sta DDRA

  jsr lcd_init


  ; Let the SD card boot up, by pumping the clock with SD CS disabled

  lda #'I'
  jsr print_char

  ; We need to apply around 80 clock pulses with CS and MOSI high.
  ; Normally MOSI doesn't matter when CS is high, but the card is
  ; not yet is SPI mode, and in this non-SPI state it does care.

  lda #SD_CS | SD_MOSI
  ldx #160               ; toggle the clock 160 times, so 80 low-high transitions
.preinitloop:
  eor #SD_SCK
  sta PORTA
  dex
  bne .preinitloop
  
  jsr longdelay

.cmd0 ; GO_IDLE_STATE - resets card to idle state, and SPI mode
  lda #<cmd0_bytes
  sta zp_sd_cmd_address
  lda #>cmd0_bytes
  sta zp_sd_cmd_address+1

  jsr sd_sendcommand

  ; Expect status response $01 (not initialized)
  cmp #$01
  bne .initfailed

  jsr longdelay

.cmd8 ; SEND_IF_COND - tell the card how we want it to operate (3.3V, etc)
  lda #<cmd8_bytes
  sta zp_sd_cmd_address
  lda #>cmd8_bytes
  sta zp_sd_cmd_address+1

  jsr sd_sendcommand

  ; Expect status response $01 (not initialized)
  cmp #$01
  bne .initfailed

  ; Read 32-bit return value, but ignore it
  jsr sd_readbyte
  jsr sd_readbyte
  jsr sd_readbyte
  jsr sd_readbyte

  jsr longdelay

.cmd55 ; APP_CMD - required prefix for ACMD commands
  lda #<cmd55_bytes
  sta zp_sd_cmd_address
  lda #>cmd55_bytes
  sta zp_sd_cmd_address+1

  jsr sd_sendcommand

  ; Expect status response $01 (not initialized)
  cmp #$01
  bne .initfailed

  jsr longdelay

.cmd41 ; APP_SEND_OP_COND - send operating conditions, initialize card
  lda #<cmd41_bytes
  sta zp_sd_cmd_address
  lda #>cmd41_bytes
  sta zp_sd_cmd_address+1

  jsr sd_sendcommand

  ; Status response $00 means initialised
  cmp #$00
  beq .initialized

  ; Otherwise expect status response $01 (not initialized)
  cmp #$01
  bne .initfailed

  ; Not initialized yet, so wait a while then try again.
  ; This retry is important, to give the card time to initialize.
  jsr longdelay
  jsr longdelay
  jmp .cmd55


.initialized
  jsr longdelay

  lda #'Y'
  jsr print_char

  ; loop forever
.loop:
  jmp .loop


.initfailed
  lda #'X'
  jsr print_char
  jmp .loop


cmd0_bytes
  .byte $40, $00, $00, $00, $00, $95
cmd8_bytes
  .byte $48, $00, $00, $01, $aa, $87
cmd55_bytes
  .byte $77, $00, $00, $00, $00, $01
cmd41_bytes
  .byte $69, $40, $00, $00, $00, $01



sd_readbyte:
  ; Enable the card and tick the clock 8 times with MOSI high, 
  ; capturing bits from MISO and returning them

  ldx #8                      ; we'll read 8 bits
.loop:

  lda #SD_MOSI                ; enable card (CS low), set MOSI (resting state), SCK low
  sta PORTA

  lda #SD_MOSI | SD_SCK       ; toggle the clock high
  sta PORTA

  lda PORTA                   ; read next bit
  and #SD_MISO

  clc                         ; default to clearing the bottom bit
  beq .bitnotset              ; unless MISO was set
  sec                         ; in which case get ready to set the bottom bit
.bitnotset:

  tya                         ; transfer partial result from Y
  rol                         ; rotate carry bit into read result
  tay                         ; save partial result back to Y

  dex                         ; decrement counter
  bne .loop                   ; loop if we need to read more bits

  rts


sd_writebyte:
  ; Tick the clock 8 times with descending bits on MOSI
  ; SD communication is mostly half-duplex so we ignore anything it sends back here

  ldx #8                      ; send 8 bits

.loop:
  asl                         ; shift next bit into carry
  tay                         ; save remaining bits for later

  lda #0
  bcc .sendbit                ; if carry clear, don't set MOSI for this bit
  ora #SD_MOSI

.sendbit:
  sta PORTA                   ; set MOSI (or not) first with SCK low
  eor #SD_SCK
  sta PORTA                   ; raise SCK keeping MOSI the same, to send the bit

  tya                         ; restore remaining bits to send

  dex
  bne .loop                   ; loop if there are more bits to send

  rts


sd_waitresult:
  ; Wait for the SD card to return something other than $ff
  jsr sd_readbyte
  cmp #$ff
  beq sd_waitresult
  rts


sd_sendcommand:
  ; Debug print which command is being executed
  jsr lcd_cleardisplay

  lda #'c'
  jsr print_char
  ldx #0
  lda (zp_sd_cmd_address,x)
  jsr print_hex

  lda #SD_MOSI           ; pull CS low to begin command
  sta PORTA

  ldy #0
  lda (zp_sd_cmd_address),y    ; command byte
  jsr sd_writebyte
  ldy #1
  lda (zp_sd_cmd_address),y    ; data 1
  jsr sd_writebyte
  ldy #2
  lda (zp_sd_cmd_address),y    ; data 2
  jsr sd_writebyte
  ldy #3
  lda (zp_sd_cmd_address),y    ; data 3
  jsr sd_writebyte
  ldy #4
  lda (zp_sd_cmd_address),y    ; data 4
  jsr sd_writebyte
  ldy #5
  lda (zp_sd_cmd_address),y    ; crc
  jsr sd_writebyte

  jsr sd_waitresult
  pha

  ; Debug print the result code
  jsr print_hex

  ; End command
  lda #SD_CS | SD_MOSI   ; set CS high again
  sta PORTA

  pla   ; restore result code
  rts


lcd_wait:
  pha
  lda #%00000000  ; Port B is input
  sta DDRB
.busy:
  lda #RW
  sta PORTA
  lda #(RW | E)
  sta PORTA
  lda PORTB
  and #%10000000
  bne .busy

  lda #RW
  sta PORTA
  lda #%11111111  ; Port B is output
  sta DDRB
  pla
  rts

lcd_instruction:
  jsr lcd_wait
  sta PORTB
  lda #0         ; Clear RS/RW/E bits
  sta PORTA
  lda #E         ; Set E bit to send instruction
  sta PORTA
  lda #0         ; Clear RS/RW/E bits
  sta PORTA
  rts


lcd_init:
  lda #%00111000 ; Set 8-bit mode; 2-line display; 5x8 font
  jsr lcd_instruction
  lda #%00001110 ; Display on; cursor on; blink off
  jsr lcd_instruction
  lda #%00000110 ; Increment and shift cursor; don't shift display
  jsr lcd_instruction

lcd_cleardisplay:
  lda #%00000001 ; Clear display
  jmp lcd_instruction


print_char:
  jsr lcd_wait
  sta PORTB
  lda #RS         ; Set RS; Clear RW/E bits
  sta PORTA
  lda #(RS | E)   ; Set E bit to send instruction
  sta PORTA
  lda #RS         ; Clear E bits
  sta PORTA
  rts

print_hex:
  pha
  ror
  ror
  ror
  ror
  jsr print_nybble
  pla
print_nybble:
  and #15
  cmp #10
  bmi .skipletter
  adc #6
.skipletter
  adc #48
  jsr print_char
  rts


delay
  ldx #0
  ldy #0
.loop
  dey
  bne .loop
  dex
  bne .loop
  rts

longdelay
  jsr mediumdelay
  jsr mediumdelay
  jsr mediumdelay
mediumdelay
  jsr delay
  jsr delay
  jsr delay
  jmp delay


  .org $fffc
  .word reset
  .word $0000