Node.js Application Not Responding Detection

[AbhiPrasad]

#9027

getsentry/sentry-electron#729 raised the idea of doing Application Not Responding (ANR) detection in the Electron SDK. ANR's are a mobile concept typically (we also use the phrasing App Hangs for iOS), but are also valuable for desktop applications that need a smooth UX.

In JavaScript this is especially valuable as there is only one thread. The event loop hanging on the main thread effectively means no work can get done, which is a huge performance problem for browser, react native, electron, and server runtimes (node, bun).

We should figure out a way to automatically detect ANRs in Node.js and report them to users. If we can, we should also attempt to attach a stacktrace or similar so users can figure out the source of the ANR and fix it directly.

### Initial Beta Release
- [ ] https://github.com/getsentry/sentry-javascript/pull/9079
- [ ] https://github.com/getsentry/sentry-docs/pull/7943
- [x] ~Make it work for node cluster~ Skipped because of complexity, will wait till users request to keep working on it
- [x] https://www.notion.so/sentry/Vanguard-ANR-for-Node-js-be02189aa5b748b18641a7309b1a45c6
- [ ] https://github.com/getsentry/team-webplatform-meta/issues/106

[AbhiPrasad]

Closing this as we're in a pretty good state, will track blog post work as remaining item here getsentry/team-webplatform-meta#106