diff --git a/openraft/src/core/tick.rs b/openraft/src/core/tick.rs
index 3247a2058..28ee69cb4 100644
--- a/openraft/src/core/tick.rs
+++ b/openraft/src/core/tick.rs
@@ -156,9 +156,9 @@ mod tests {
     use tokio::time::Duration;
 
     use crate::core::Tick;
+    use crate::impls::TokioRuntime;
     use crate::type_config::TypeConfigExt;
     use crate::RaftTypeConfig;
-    use crate::TokioRuntime;
 
     #[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, Default, Eq, PartialEq, Ord, PartialOrd)]
     #[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(serde::Deserialize, serde::Serialize))]
diff --git a/openraft/src/engine/testing.rs b/openraft/src/engine/testing.rs
index b08e858d1..d14128894 100644
--- a/openraft/src/engine/testing.rs
+++ b/openraft/src/engine/testing.rs
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 use std::io::Cursor;
 
+use crate::impls::TokioRuntime;
 use crate::Node;
 use crate::RaftTypeConfig;
-use crate::TokioRuntime;
 
 /// Trivial Raft type config for Engine related unit tests,
 /// with an optional custom node type `N` for Node type.
diff --git a/openraft/src/impls/mod.rs b/openraft/src/impls/mod.rs
index e42daced5..f9b6522ad 100644
--- a/openraft/src/impls/mod.rs
+++ b/openraft/src/impls/mod.rs
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 //! Collection of implementations of usually used traits defined by Openraft
 
-pub use crate::async_runtime::TokioRuntime;
 pub use crate::entry::Entry;
 pub use crate::node::BasicNode;
 pub use crate::node::EmptyNode;
 pub use crate::raft::responder::impls::OneshotResponder;
+pub use crate::type_config::async_runtime::impls::TokioRuntime;
diff --git a/openraft/src/lib.rs b/openraft/src/lib.rs
index 8916c0963..98ed81a2a 100644
--- a/openraft/src/lib.rs
+++ b/openraft/src/lib.rs
@@ -48,7 +48,6 @@ pub(crate) mod raft_state;
 pub(crate) mod timer;
 pub(crate) mod utime;
 
-pub mod async_runtime;
 #[cfg(feature = "compat")]
 pub mod compat;
 pub mod docs;
@@ -70,9 +69,10 @@ mod feature_serde_test;
 pub use anyerror;
 pub use anyerror::AnyError;
 pub use openraft_macros::add_async_trait;
+pub use type_config::async_runtime;
+pub use type_config::async_runtime::impls::TokioRuntime;
+pub use type_config::AsyncRuntime;
 
-pub use crate::async_runtime::AsyncRuntime;
-pub use crate::async_runtime::TokioRuntime;
 pub use crate::change_members::ChangeMembers;
 pub use crate::config::Config;
 pub use crate::config::ConfigError;
diff --git a/openraft/src/raft/declare_raft_types_test.rs b/openraft/src/raft/declare_raft_types_test.rs
index 593174f35..2f575a10f 100644
--- a/openraft/src/raft/declare_raft_types_test.rs
+++ b/openraft/src/raft/declare_raft_types_test.rs
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 use std::io::Cursor;
 
 use crate::declare_raft_types;
-use crate::TokioRuntime;
+use crate::impls::TokioRuntime;
 
 declare_raft_types!(
     All:
diff --git a/openraft/src/raft/raft_inner.rs b/openraft/src/raft/raft_inner.rs
index ab104d41f..ad51e76d8 100644
--- a/openraft/src/raft/raft_inner.rs
+++ b/openraft/src/raft/raft_inner.rs
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ use crate::metrics::RaftServerMetrics;
 use crate::raft::core_state::CoreState;
 use crate::type_config::alias::OneshotReceiverOf;
 use crate::type_config::alias::OneshotSenderOf;
-use crate::AsyncRuntime;
+use crate::type_config::AsyncRuntime;
 use crate::Config;
 use crate::OptionalSend;
 use crate::RaftMetrics;
diff --git a/openraft/src/timer/timeout.rs b/openraft/src/timer/timeout.rs
index cd2e2e9ad..7d48ebb87 100644
--- a/openraft/src/timer/timeout.rs
+++ b/openraft/src/timer/timeout.rs
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ use tokio::sync::oneshot::Sender;
 use tracing::trace_span;
 use tracing::Instrument;
 
-use crate::AsyncRuntime;
+use crate::type_config::AsyncRuntime;
 use crate::Instant;
 use crate::OptionalSend;
 
diff --git a/openraft/src/timer/timeout_test.rs b/openraft/src/timer/timeout_test.rs
index b9ccc48d4..735852af5 100644
--- a/openraft/src/timer/timeout_test.rs
+++ b/openraft/src/timer/timeout_test.rs
@@ -3,10 +3,10 @@ use std::time::Duration;
 use tokio::time::sleep;
 use tokio::time::Instant;
 
+use crate::impls::TokioRuntime;
 use crate::timer::timeout::RaftTimer;
 use crate::timer::Timeout;
-use crate::AsyncRuntime;
-use crate::TokioRuntime;
+use crate::type_config::AsyncRuntime;
 
 #[cfg(not(feature = "singlethreaded"))]
 #[async_entry::test(worker_threads = 3)]
diff --git a/openraft/src/type_config.rs b/openraft/src/type_config.rs
index 0c689e67d..db7c0ae67 100644
--- a/openraft/src/type_config.rs
+++ b/openraft/src/type_config.rs
@@ -3,10 +3,13 @@
 //! [`NodeId`]: `RaftTypeConfig::NodeId`
 //! [`Entry`]: `RaftTypeConfig::Entry`
 
+pub mod async_runtime;
 pub(crate) mod util;
 
 use std::fmt::Debug;
 
+pub use async_runtime::AsyncRuntime;
+pub use async_runtime::OneshotSender;
 pub use util::TypeConfigExt;
 
 use crate::entry::FromAppData;
@@ -14,7 +17,6 @@ use crate::entry::RaftEntry;
 use crate::raft::responder::Responder;
 use crate::AppData;
 use crate::AppDataResponse;
-use crate::AsyncRuntime;
 use crate::Node;
 use crate::NodeId;
 use crate::OptionalSend;
@@ -92,7 +94,7 @@ pub trait RaftTypeConfig:
 /// [`type-alias`]: crate::docs::feature_flags#feature-flag-type-alias
 pub mod alias {
     use crate::raft::responder::Responder;
-    use crate::AsyncRuntime;
+    use crate::type_config::AsyncRuntime;
     use crate::RaftTypeConfig;
 
     pub type DOf<C> = <C as RaftTypeConfig>::D;
diff --git a/openraft/src/type_config/async_runtime/impls/tokio_runtime.rs b/openraft/src/type_config/async_runtime/impls/tokio_runtime.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7008fdc2e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/openraft/src/type_config/async_runtime/impls/tokio_runtime.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+use std::future::Future;
+use std::time::Duration;
+
+use crate::type_config::OneshotSender;
+use crate::AsyncRuntime;
+use crate::OptionalSend;
+use crate::TokioInstant;
+
+/// `Tokio` is the default asynchronous executor.
+#[derive(Debug, Default, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct TokioRuntime;
+
+impl AsyncRuntime for TokioRuntime {
+    type JoinError = tokio::task::JoinError;
+    type JoinHandle<T: OptionalSend + 'static> = tokio::task::JoinHandle<T>;
+    type Sleep = tokio::time::Sleep;
+    type Instant = TokioInstant;
+    type TimeoutError = tokio::time::error::Elapsed;
+    type Timeout<R, T: Future<Output = R> + OptionalSend> = tokio::time::Timeout<T>;
+    type ThreadLocalRng = rand::rngs::ThreadRng;
+    type OneshotSender<T: OptionalSend> = tokio::sync::oneshot::Sender<T>;
+    type OneshotReceiver<T: OptionalSend> = tokio::sync::oneshot::Receiver<T>;
+    type OneshotReceiverError = tokio::sync::oneshot::error::RecvError;
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn spawn<T>(future: T) -> Self::JoinHandle<T::Output>
+    where
+        T: Future + OptionalSend + 'static,
+        T::Output: OptionalSend + 'static,
+    {
+        #[cfg(feature = "singlethreaded")]
+        {
+            tokio::task::spawn_local(future)
+        }
+        #[cfg(not(feature = "singlethreaded"))]
+        {
+            tokio::task::spawn(future)
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn sleep(duration: Duration) -> Self::Sleep {
+        tokio::time::sleep(duration)
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn sleep_until(deadline: Self::Instant) -> Self::Sleep {
+        tokio::time::sleep_until(deadline)
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn timeout<R, F: Future<Output = R> + OptionalSend>(duration: Duration, future: F) -> Self::Timeout<R, F> {
+        tokio::time::timeout(duration, future)
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn timeout_at<R, F: Future<Output = R> + OptionalSend>(deadline: Self::Instant, future: F) -> Self::Timeout<R, F> {
+        tokio::time::timeout_at(deadline, future)
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn is_panic(join_error: &Self::JoinError) -> bool {
+        join_error.is_panic()
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn thread_rng() -> Self::ThreadLocalRng {
+        rand::thread_rng()
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn oneshot<T>() -> (Self::OneshotSender<T>, Self::OneshotReceiver<T>)
+    where T: OptionalSend {
+        let (tx, rx) = tokio::sync::oneshot::channel();
+        (tx, rx)
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T> OneshotSender<T> for tokio::sync::oneshot::Sender<T> {
+    #[inline]
+    fn send(self, t: T) -> Result<(), T> {
+        self.send(t)
+    }
+}
diff --git a/openraft/src/async_runtime.rs b/openraft/src/type_config/async_runtime/mod.rs
similarity index 57%
rename from openraft/src/async_runtime.rs
rename to openraft/src/type_config/async_runtime/mod.rs
index a71a485b0..47a789c94 100644
--- a/openraft/src/async_runtime.rs
+++ b/openraft/src/type_config/async_runtime/mod.rs
@@ -2,15 +2,24 @@
 //!
 //! `async` runtime is an abstraction over different asynchronous runtimes, such as `tokio`,
 //! `async-std`, etc.
+
+pub(crate) mod impls {
+    mod tokio_runtime;
+
+    pub use tokio_runtime::TokioRuntime;
+}
+mod oneshot;
+
 use std::fmt::Debug;
 use std::fmt::Display;
 use std::future::Future;
 use std::time::Duration;
 
+pub use oneshot::OneshotSender;
+
 use crate::Instant;
 use crate::OptionalSend;
 use crate::OptionalSync;
-use crate::TokioInstant;
 
 /// A trait defining interfaces with an asynchronous runtime.
 ///
@@ -99,92 +108,3 @@ pub trait AsyncRuntime: Debug + Default + PartialEq + Eq + OptionalSend + Option
     fn oneshot<T>() -> (Self::OneshotSender<T>, Self::OneshotReceiver<T>)
     where T: OptionalSend;
 }
-
-/// `Tokio` is the default asynchronous executor.
-#[derive(Debug, Default, PartialEq, Eq)]
-pub struct TokioRuntime;
-
-impl AsyncRuntime for TokioRuntime {
-    type JoinError = tokio::task::JoinError;
-    type JoinHandle<T: OptionalSend + 'static> = tokio::task::JoinHandle<T>;
-    type Sleep = tokio::time::Sleep;
-    type Instant = TokioInstant;
-    type TimeoutError = tokio::time::error::Elapsed;
-    type Timeout<R, T: Future<Output = R> + OptionalSend> = tokio::time::Timeout<T>;
-    type ThreadLocalRng = rand::rngs::ThreadRng;
-    type OneshotSender<T: OptionalSend> = tokio::sync::oneshot::Sender<T>;
-    type OneshotReceiver<T: OptionalSend> = tokio::sync::oneshot::Receiver<T>;
-    type OneshotReceiverError = tokio::sync::oneshot::error::RecvError;
-
-    #[inline]
-    fn spawn<T>(future: T) -> Self::JoinHandle<T::Output>
-    where
-        T: Future + OptionalSend + 'static,
-        T::Output: OptionalSend + 'static,
-    {
-        #[cfg(feature = "singlethreaded")]
-        {
-            tokio::task::spawn_local(future)
-        }
-        #[cfg(not(feature = "singlethreaded"))]
-        {
-            tokio::task::spawn(future)
-        }
-    }
-
-    #[inline]
-    fn sleep(duration: Duration) -> Self::Sleep {
-        tokio::time::sleep(duration)
-    }
-
-    #[inline]
-    fn sleep_until(deadline: Self::Instant) -> Self::Sleep {
-        tokio::time::sleep_until(deadline)
-    }
-
-    #[inline]
-    fn timeout<R, F: Future<Output = R> + OptionalSend>(duration: Duration, future: F) -> Self::Timeout<R, F> {
-        tokio::time::timeout(duration, future)
-    }
-
-    #[inline]
-    fn timeout_at<R, F: Future<Output = R> + OptionalSend>(deadline: Self::Instant, future: F) -> Self::Timeout<R, F> {
-        tokio::time::timeout_at(deadline, future)
-    }
-
-    #[inline]
-    fn is_panic(join_error: &Self::JoinError) -> bool {
-        join_error.is_panic()
-    }
-
-    #[inline]
-    fn thread_rng() -> Self::ThreadLocalRng {
-        rand::thread_rng()
-    }
-
-    #[inline]
-    fn oneshot<T>() -> (Self::OneshotSender<T>, Self::OneshotReceiver<T>)
-    where T: OptionalSend {
-        let (tx, rx) = tokio::sync::oneshot::channel();
-        (tx, rx)
-    }
-}
-
-pub trait OneshotSender<T> {
-    /// Attempts to send a value on this channel, returning it back if it could
-    /// not be sent.
-    ///
-    /// This method consumes `self` as only one value may ever be sent on a `oneshot`
-    /// channel. It is not marked async because sending a message to an `oneshot`
-    /// channel never requires any form of waiting.  Because of this, the `send`
-    /// method can be used in both synchronous and asynchronous code without
-    /// problems.
-    fn send(self, t: T) -> Result<(), T>;
-}
-
-impl<T> OneshotSender<T> for tokio::sync::oneshot::Sender<T> {
-    #[inline]
-    fn send(self, t: T) -> Result<(), T> {
-        self.send(t)
-    }
-}
diff --git a/openraft/src/type_config/async_runtime/oneshot.rs b/openraft/src/type_config/async_runtime/oneshot.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8dda9a068
--- /dev/null
+++ b/openraft/src/type_config/async_runtime/oneshot.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+pub trait OneshotSender<T> {
+    /// Attempts to send a value on this channel, returning it back if it could
+    /// not be sent.
+    ///
+    /// This method consumes `self` as only one value may ever be sent on a `oneshot`
+    /// channel. It is not marked async because sending a message to an `oneshot`
+    /// channel never requires any form of waiting.  Because of this, the `send`
+    /// method can be used in both synchronous and asynchronous code without
+    /// problems.
+    fn send(self, t: T) -> Result<(), T>;
+}
diff --git a/openraft/src/type_config/util.rs b/openraft/src/type_config/util.rs
index 12c8b7f68..c26e14038 100644
--- a/openraft/src/type_config/util.rs
+++ b/openraft/src/type_config/util.rs
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ use crate::type_config::alias::OneshotReceiverOf;
 use crate::type_config::alias::OneshotSenderOf;
 use crate::type_config::alias::SleepOf;
 use crate::type_config::alias::TimeoutOf;
-use crate::AsyncRuntime;
+use crate::type_config::AsyncRuntime;
 use crate::Instant;
 use crate::OptionalSend;
 use crate::RaftTypeConfig;
diff --git a/tests/tests/append_entries/t60_enable_heartbeat.rs b/tests/tests/append_entries/t60_enable_heartbeat.rs
index 3eba34e9d..60bd4a34f 100644
--- a/tests/tests/append_entries/t60_enable_heartbeat.rs
+++ b/tests/tests/append_entries/t60_enable_heartbeat.rs
@@ -3,10 +3,10 @@ use std::time::Duration;
 
 use anyhow::Result;
 use maplit::btreeset;
+use openraft::impls::TokioRuntime;
+use openraft::type_config::AsyncRuntime;
 use openraft::type_config::TypeConfigExt;
-use openraft::AsyncRuntime;
 use openraft::Config;
-use openraft::TokioRuntime;
 use openraft_memstore::TypeConfig;
 
 use crate::fixtures::init_default_ut_tracing;