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<a class="post-title-link" href="/2016/09/28/Domain-modeling-of-organisation-structure-0-Introduction/" itemprop="url">
组织结构的领域建模 (0): 写在前面
</a>
</h1>
<div class="post-meta">
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发表于
<time itemprop="dateCreated" datetime="2016-09-28T09:44:05+08:00" content="2016-09-28">
2016-09-28
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<p>对于软件开发来说，领域建模是最重要的活动，领域模型是最重要的产物。领域模型反映了软件所要服务的现实业务领域的本质，体现了我们对业务领域的认识、理解和洞见。</p>
<p>领域模型应该是一切领域开发活动的出发点和依归。</p>
<p>本系列文章以组织结构的领域建模为例，演示领域建模的方法和技巧。</p>
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<a class="post-title-link" href="/2016/09/17/Political-correctness-should-be-abandoned/" itemprop="url">
要政治正确，还是要科学客观
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</h1>
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发表于
<time itemprop="dateCreated" datetime="2016-09-17T23:04:31+08:00" content="2016-09-17">
2016-09-17
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<p>科学无禁区。重要的是客观、真实，而不是“政治正确”。</p>
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<a class="post-title-link" href="/2016/09/03/Whose-fishing-island/" itemprop="url">
谁的钓鱼岛？
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</h1>
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发表于
<time itemprop="dateCreated" datetime="2016-09-03T10:42:16+08:00" content="2016-09-03">
2016-09-03
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<p>钓鱼岛是谁的？</p>
<p>大部分中国人认为是中国的，大部分日本人认为是日本的。</p>
<p>小部分中国人寻找支持钓鱼岛属于中国的证据，然后相信钓鱼岛是中国的。小部分日本人寻找支持钓鱼岛属于日本的证据，然后相信钓鱼岛是日本的。</p>
<p>也有极小一部分的中国人和日本人，会同时搜集两方面的证据，但是对支持己方的证据不加辨别，深表认同，对支持对方的证据不加辨别，直斥为胡说八道。</p>
<p>我期望还有这样一群人，他们没有任何预设立场，在没有看过双方的证据之前不作任何钓鱼岛归属方面的判断；如果想要做出判断，就公平地搜集双方的证据，然后用客观、公正的心态去分析证据，根据客观事实而不是利益得失去判断钓鱼岛的归属。不要因为你是中国人，就倾向于认为钓鱼岛属于中国；也不要因为你是日本人，就倾向于认为钓鱼岛属于日本。</p>
<p>如果没有这样的人，这个世界奉行的仍然是丛林法则，有暴力无公义。</p>
<p>如果奉行丛林法则，我们就不要怨恨当年日本人对我们的亡国灭种；如果相信公义，就不要在国家强大之后整天叫嚣要核平我们弱小的邻居。</p>
<p>相比之下，在日本曾有教授著书，认为钓鱼岛属于中国，在日本公开出版，而此人仍然能够自由生活在日本。想象一下如果一个中国人出书表明钓鱼岛属于日本，此人必将成为中国政府和人民的共同敌人，不是坐牢就是被殴死。</p>
<p>在中道、理性、客观、平和之人成为世界主流之前，人类社会将始终处于战争和灭绝的阴影之下。</p>
<p>微斯人，吾谁与归？</p>
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<a class="post-title-link" href="/2016/07/26/member-passenger-assignment-modeling-relationships/" itemprop="url">
成员、乘客与任职——对关系建模
</a>
</h1>
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发表于
<time itemprop="dateCreated" datetime="2016-07-26T14:49:48+08:00" content="2016-07-26">
2016-07-26
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<p>在领域建模的时候，直接对两个实体间的关系进行显式建模，往往会得到更好的结果。</p>
<p>下面，我们通过三个例子详细说明这一点。</p>
<h1 id="实例"><a href="#实例" class="headerlink" title="实例"></a>实例</h1><h2 id="实例1：航班客运"><a href="#实例1：航班客运" class="headerlink" title="实例1：航班客运"></a>实例1：航班客运</h2><h2 id="实例2：项目管理"><a href="#实例2：项目管理" class="headerlink" title="实例2：项目管理"></a>实例2：项目管理</h2><h2 id="实例3：人力资源管理"><a href="#实例3：人力资源管理" class="headerlink" title="实例3：人力资源管理"></a>实例3：人力资源管理</h2>
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OOAD范例：配置类设计
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2016-06-30
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<p>在很多应用程序中，我们都需要一个配置类Configuration，通常从一个文本文件中读入配置信息，根据配置调整应用的行为。通过这样的方式，我们可以用相同的代码来适应不同的环境，达到<strong>灵活性</strong>的目标。</p>
<p>本文探索如何设计好这样的配置类。我们的重点不在于设计的产物——配置类——本身，而是在设计中的权衡取舍，以及取舍的原则。</p>
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正确区分属性和字段
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2016-06-27
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<p>很多开发人员搞不清属性和字段的区别，本文试图对其作出澄清。</p>
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接口属于客户
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2016-06-05
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<p>“接口属于客户，不属于它所在的类型层次结构。”这是Robert C. Martin在他的名著《敏捷软件开发：原则、模式、实践》中提出来的观点。因此，接口应该表达客户领域的语义，由客户代码定义和控制，并和客户代码一起打包。</p>
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企业应用开发范式比较：数据驱动、特性驱动与领域驱动
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2016-06-01
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<p>在开发企业应用的时候，典型的开发范式基本上可以总结为三种：</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>数据驱动</strong>：认为企业应用就是数据的存储和展示。其典型开发方式是“以数据库为中心的增删改查（CRUD）”，或者是Martin Fowler的《企业应用架构模式》中的“表模块”模式。</li>
<li><strong>特性驱动</strong>：认为企业应用是系统功能的集合，这些功能基本上是独立实现的。其典型的开发方式是Martin Fowler的《企业应用架构模式》中的“事务脚本”模式。</li>
<li><strong>领域驱动</strong>：认为企业应用像机器一样，由多个具有不同能力的零件（对象）组成，这些零件相互配合实现系统的功能。其典型的开发方式是Martin Fowler的《企业应用架构模式》中的“领域模型”模式。</li>
</ul>
<p>下面先对它们作一个总结性的对比：</p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th></th>
<th>数据驱动</th>
<th>特性驱动</th>
<th>领域驱动</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><strong>软件世界观</strong></td>
<td>软件就是数据的存储和展示</td>
<td>软件是功能特性的集合</td>
<td>软件是由相互协作的智能零件组成的一台能动的机器</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>核心关注点</strong></td>
<td>数据</td>
<td>功能特性</td>
<td>领域对象</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>核心模型</strong></td>
<td>数据模型 /关系模型</td>
<td>用例模型</td>
<td>领域模型</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>业务逻辑组织典型模式</strong></td>
<td>CRUD或表模块</td>
<td>事务脚本</td>
<td>领域模型</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>业务逻辑实现典型位置</strong></td>
<td>数据库、表示层或缺失业务逻辑</td>
<td>应用层</td>
<td>领域层</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>重用价值</strong></td>
<td>低</td>
<td>较低</td>
<td>高</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>扩展成本</strong></td>
<td>极高</td>