diff --git a/src/internal_modules/roc_address/protocol_map.cpp b/src/internal_modules/roc_address/protocol_map.cpp
index 674bc8b17..7d7787b02 100644
--- a/src/internal_modules/roc_address/protocol_map.cpp
+++ b/src/internal_modules/roc_address/protocol_map.cpp
@@ -133,10 +133,9 @@ bool ProtocolMap::get_supported_interfaces(core::Array<Interface>& interface_arr
             }
 
             if (n_iface == (unsigned)protos_[n_proto].iface) {
-                if (!interface_array.grow(interface_array.size() + 1)) {
+                if (!interface_array.push_back(protos_[n_proto].iface)) {
                     return false;
                 }
-                interface_array.push_back(protos_[n_proto].iface);
                 interfaces_exist = true;
                 break;
             }
diff --git a/src/internal_modules/roc_core/array.h b/src/internal_modules/roc_core/array.h
index 22ab06645..8f81b3464 100644
--- a/src/internal_modules/roc_core/array.h
+++ b/src/internal_modules/roc_core/array.h
@@ -123,15 +123,17 @@ template <class T, size_t EmbeddedCapacity = 0> class Array : public NonCopyable
     }
 
     //! Append element to array.
-    //! @pre
-    //!  Array size() should be less than max_size().
-    void push_back(const T& value) {
-        if (size_ >= max_size_) {
-            roc_panic("array: attempting to append element to full array: size=%lu",
-                      (unsigned long)size_);
+    //! @returns
+    //!  false if the allocation failed
+    ROC_ATTR_NODISCARD bool push_back(const T& value) {
+        if (!grow_exp(size() + 1)) {
+            return false;
         }
+
         new (data_ + size_) T(value);
         size_++;
+
+        return true;
     }
 
     //! Set array size.
diff --git a/src/internal_modules/roc_core/hashmap.h b/src/internal_modules/roc_core/hashmap.h
index a7eb0a1c6..4d5ce7f7c 100644
--- a/src/internal_modules/roc_core/hashmap.h
+++ b/src/internal_modules/roc_core/hashmap.h
@@ -154,7 +154,7 @@ class Hashmap : public NonCopyable<> {
         const hashsum_t hash = T::key_hash(key);
         HashmapNode::HashmapNodeData* node = impl_.find_node(
             hash, (const void*)&key,
-            &Hashmap<T, EmbeddedCapacity, OwnershipPolicy>::key_equal<Key>);
+            &Hashmap<T, EmbeddedCapacity, OwnershipPolicy>::key_equal_<Key>);
         if (!node) {
             return NULL;
         }
@@ -208,8 +208,10 @@ class Hashmap : public NonCopyable<> {
     //! @remarks
     //!  - acquires ownership of @p element
     //!
+    //! @returns
+    //!  false if the allocation failed
+    //!
     //! @pre
-    //!  - hashmap size() should be smaller than hashmap capacity()
     //!  - @p element should not be member of any hashmap
     //!  - hashmap shouldn't have an element with the same key
     //!
@@ -223,10 +225,13 @@ class Hashmap : public NonCopyable<> {
     //!  Insertion speed is higher when insert to remove ratio is close to one or lower,
     //!  and slows down when it becomes higher than one. The slow down is caused by
     //!  the incremental rehashing algorithm.
-    void insert(T& element) {
+    ROC_ATTR_NODISCARD bool insert(T& element) {
         HashmapNode::HashmapNodeData* node = element.hashmap_node_data();
-        insert_(element.key(), node);
+        if (!insert_(element.key(), node)) {
+            return false;
+        }
         OwnershipPolicy<T>::acquire(element);
+        return true;
     }
 
     //! Remove element from hashmap.
@@ -284,17 +289,18 @@ class Hashmap : public NonCopyable<> {
     }
 
     template <class Key>
-    static bool key_equal(HashmapNode::HashmapNodeData* node, const void* key) {
+    static bool key_equal_(HashmapNode::HashmapNodeData* node, const void* key) {
         T* elem = container_of_(node);
         const Key& key_ref = *(const Key*)key;
         return T::key_equal(elem->key(), key_ref);
     }
 
     template <class Key>
-    void insert_(const Key& key, HashmapNode::HashmapNodeData* node) {
+    bool insert_(const Key& key, HashmapNode::HashmapNodeData* node) {
         const hashsum_t hash = T::key_hash(key);
-        impl_.insert(node, hash, (const void*)&key,
-                     &Hashmap<T, EmbeddedCapacity, OwnershipPolicy>::key_equal<Key>);
+        return impl_.insert(
+            node, hash, (const void*)&key,
+            &Hashmap<T, EmbeddedCapacity, OwnershipPolicy>::key_equal_<Key>);
     }
 
     AlignedStorage<NumEmbeddedBuckets * sizeof(HashmapImpl::Bucket)> embedded_buckets_;
diff --git a/src/internal_modules/roc_core/hashmap_impl.cpp b/src/internal_modules/roc_core/hashmap_impl.cpp
index b33122e60..306f1a523 100644
--- a/src/internal_modules/roc_core/hashmap_impl.cpp
+++ b/src/internal_modules/roc_core/hashmap_impl.cpp
@@ -105,12 +105,14 @@ HashmapImpl::nextof(HashmapNode::HashmapNodeData* node) const {
     return node->all_next;
 }
 
-void HashmapImpl::insert(HashmapNode::HashmapNodeData* node,
+bool HashmapImpl::insert(HashmapNode::HashmapNodeData* node,
                          hashsum_t hash,
                          const void* key,
                          key_equals_callback key_equals) {
     if (size_ >= buckets_capacity_(n_curr_buckets_)) {
-        roc_panic("hashmap: attempt to insert into full hashmap before calling grow()");
+        if (!grow()) {
+            return false;
+        }
     }
 
     if (node->bucket != NULL) {
@@ -131,6 +133,8 @@ void HashmapImpl::insert(HashmapNode::HashmapNodeData* node,
     size_++;
 
     proceed_rehash_(true);
+
+    return true;
 }
 
 void HashmapImpl::remove(HashmapNode::HashmapNodeData* node, bool skip_rehash) {
diff --git a/src/internal_modules/roc_core/hashmap_impl.h b/src/internal_modules/roc_core/hashmap_impl.h
index 38f70f8da..eb584423e 100644
--- a/src/internal_modules/roc_core/hashmap_impl.h
+++ b/src/internal_modules/roc_core/hashmap_impl.h
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ class HashmapImpl {
     HashmapNode::HashmapNodeData* nextof(HashmapNode::HashmapNodeData* node) const;
 
     //! Insert node into hashmap.
-    void insert(HashmapNode::HashmapNodeData* node,
+    bool insert(HashmapNode::HashmapNodeData* node,
                 hashsum_t hash,
                 const void* key,
                 key_equals_callback callback);
diff --git a/src/internal_modules/roc_node/receiver.cpp b/src/internal_modules/roc_node/receiver.cpp
index 3f1e8dc93..2b5800941 100644
--- a/src/internal_modules/roc_node/receiver.cpp
+++ b/src/internal_modules/roc_node/receiver.cpp
@@ -341,13 +341,12 @@ core::SharedPtr<Receiver::Slot> Receiver::get_slot_(slot_index_t slot_index,
                 return NULL;
             }
 
-            if (!slot_map_.grow()) {
+            if (!slot_map_.insert(*slot)) {
                 roc_log(LogError, "receiver node: failed to create slot %lu",
                         (unsigned long)slot_index);
                 return NULL;
             }
 
-            slot_map_.insert(*slot);
         } else {
             roc_log(LogError, "receiver node: failed to find slot %lu",
                     (unsigned long)slot_index);
diff --git a/src/internal_modules/roc_node/sender.cpp b/src/internal_modules/roc_node/sender.cpp
index 89e8b2e00..5436f8649 100644
--- a/src/internal_modules/roc_node/sender.cpp
+++ b/src/internal_modules/roc_node/sender.cpp
@@ -338,13 +338,11 @@ core::SharedPtr<Sender::Slot> Sender::get_slot_(slot_index_t slot_index,
                 return NULL;
             }
 
-            if (!slot_map_.grow()) {
+            if (!slot_map_.insert(*slot)) {
                 roc_log(LogError, "sender node: failed to create slot %lu",
                         (unsigned long)slot_index);
                 return NULL;
             }
-
-            slot_map_.insert(*slot);
         } else {
             roc_log(LogError, "sender node: failed to find slot %lu",
                     (unsigned long)slot_index);
diff --git a/src/internal_modules/roc_packet/router.cpp b/src/internal_modules/roc_packet/router.cpp
index d968afe69..c1e6704a2 100644
--- a/src/internal_modules/roc_packet/router.cpp
+++ b/src/internal_modules/roc_packet/router.cpp
@@ -19,18 +19,17 @@ Router::Router(core::IArena& arena)
 }
 
 bool Router::add_route(IWriter& writer, unsigned flags) {
-    if (!routes_.grow_exp(routes_.size() + 1)) {
-        roc_log(LogError, "router: can't allocate route");
-        return false;
-    }
-
     Route r;
     r.writer = &writer;
     r.flags = flags;
     r.source = 0;
     r.has_source = false;
 
-    routes_.push_back(r);
+    if (!routes_.push_back(r)) {
+        roc_log(LogError, "router: can't allocate route");
+        return false;
+    }
+
     return true;
 }
 
diff --git a/src/internal_modules/roc_rtp/format_map.cpp b/src/internal_modules/roc_rtp/format_map.cpp
index a77afedd4..6ddaf6e26 100644
--- a/src/internal_modules/roc_rtp/format_map.cpp
+++ b/src/internal_modules/roc_rtp/format_map.cpp
@@ -85,12 +85,6 @@ bool FormatMap::add_format(const Format& fmt) {
         roc_panic("format map: bad format: invalid codec functions");
     }
 
-    if (!node_map_.grow()) {
-        roc_log(LogError,
-                "format map: failed to register format: hashmap allocation failed");
-        return false;
-    }
-
     if (node_map_.find(fmt.payload_type)) {
         roc_log(LogError,
                 "format map: failed to register format: payload type %u already exists",
@@ -106,7 +100,11 @@ bool FormatMap::add_format(const Format& fmt) {
         return false;
     }
 
-    node_map_.insert(*node);
+    if (!node_map_.insert(*node)) {
+        roc_log(LogError,
+                "format map: failed to register format: hashmap allocation failed");
+        return false;
+    }
 
     return true;
 }
diff --git a/src/internal_modules/roc_sdp/media_description.cpp b/src/internal_modules/roc_sdp/media_description.cpp
index d783c5c0c..8f4051b71 100644
--- a/src/internal_modules/roc_sdp/media_description.cpp
+++ b/src/internal_modules/roc_sdp/media_description.cpp
@@ -97,11 +97,10 @@ bool MediaDescription::set_nb_ports(long nb_ports) {
 }
 
 bool MediaDescription::add_payload_id(unsigned payload_id) {
-    if (!payload_ids_.grow_exp(payload_ids_.size() + 1)) {
+    if (!payload_ids_.push_back(payload_id)) {
         return false;
     }
 
-    payload_ids_.push_back(payload_id);
     return true;
 }
 
@@ -114,11 +113,10 @@ bool MediaDescription::add_connection_data(address::AddrFamily addrtype,
         return false;
     }
 
-    if (!connection_data_.grow_exp(connection_data_.size() + 1)) {
+    if (!connection_data_.push_back(c)) {
         return false;
     }
 
-    connection_data_.push_back(c);
     return true;
 }
 
diff --git a/src/internal_modules/roc_sndio/backend_map.cpp b/src/internal_modules/roc_sndio/backend_map.cpp
index f5a50ce7f..5b85550e3 100644
--- a/src/internal_modules/roc_sndio/backend_map.cpp
+++ b/src/internal_modules/roc_sndio/backend_map.cpp
@@ -46,17 +46,13 @@ void BackendMap::set_frame_size(core::nanoseconds_t frame_length,
 }
 
 void BackendMap::register_backends_() {
-    if (!backends_.grow(MaxBackends)) {
-        roc_panic("backend map: can't grow backends array");
-    }
-
 #ifdef ROC_TARGET_PULSEAUDIO
     pulseaudio_backend_.reset(new (pulseaudio_backend_) PulseaudioBackend);
-    backends_.push_back(pulseaudio_backend_.get());
+    add_backend_(pulseaudio_backend_.get());
 #endif // ROC_TARGET_PULSEAUDIO
 #ifdef ROC_TARGET_SOX
     sox_backend_.reset(new (sox_backend_) SoxBackend);
-    backends_.push_back(sox_backend_.get());
+    add_backend_(sox_backend_.get());
 #endif // ROC_TARGET_SOX
 }
 
@@ -66,5 +62,11 @@ void BackendMap::register_drivers_() {
     }
 }
 
+void BackendMap::add_backend_(IBackend* backend) {
+    if (!backends_.push_back(backend)) {
+        roc_panic("backend map: can't register backend");
+    }
+}
+
 } // namespace sndio
 } // namespace roc
diff --git a/src/internal_modules/roc_sndio/backend_map.h b/src/internal_modules/roc_sndio/backend_map.h
index 058e50587..019cf6ccd 100644
--- a/src/internal_modules/roc_sndio/backend_map.h
+++ b/src/internal_modules/roc_sndio/backend_map.h
@@ -61,6 +61,8 @@ class BackendMap : public core::NonCopyable<> {
     void register_backends_();
     void register_drivers_();
 
+    void add_backend_(IBackend*);
+
 #ifdef ROC_TARGET_PULSEAUDIO
     core::Optional<PulseaudioBackend> pulseaudio_backend_;
 #endif // ROC_TARGET_PULSEAUDIO
diff --git a/src/internal_modules/roc_sndio/target_pulseaudio/roc_sndio/pulseaudio_backend.cpp b/src/internal_modules/roc_sndio/target_pulseaudio/roc_sndio/pulseaudio_backend.cpp
index 86ab16e41..733e6315b 100644
--- a/src/internal_modules/roc_sndio/target_pulseaudio/roc_sndio/pulseaudio_backend.cpp
+++ b/src/internal_modules/roc_sndio/target_pulseaudio/roc_sndio/pulseaudio_backend.cpp
@@ -23,14 +23,12 @@ PulseaudioBackend::PulseaudioBackend() {
 
 void PulseaudioBackend::discover_drivers(
     core::Array<DriverInfo, MaxDrivers>& driver_list) {
-    if (!driver_list.grow(driver_list.size() + 1)) {
-        roc_panic("pulseaudio backend: can't grow drivers array");
+    if (!driver_list.push_back(DriverInfo("pulse", DriverType_Device,
+                                          DriverFlag_IsDefault | DriverFlag_SupportsSink
+                                              | DriverFlag_SupportsSource,
+                                          this))) {
+        roc_panic("pulseaudio backend: can't add driver");
     }
-
-    driver_list.push_back(DriverInfo("pulse", DriverType_Device,
-                                     DriverFlag_IsDefault | DriverFlag_SupportsSink
-                                         | DriverFlag_SupportsSource,
-                                     this));
 }
 
 IDevice* PulseaudioBackend::open_device(DeviceType device_type,
diff --git a/src/internal_modules/roc_sndio/target_sox/roc_sndio/sox_backend.cpp b/src/internal_modules/roc_sndio/target_sox/roc_sndio/sox_backend.cpp
index 67a69ba5f..b3a4aff16 100644
--- a/src/internal_modules/roc_sndio/target_sox/roc_sndio/sox_backend.cpp
+++ b/src/internal_modules/roc_sndio/target_sox/roc_sndio/sox_backend.cpp
@@ -192,14 +192,13 @@ void SoxBackend::discover_drivers(core::Array<DriverInfo, MaxDrivers>& driver_li
 
         const char* driver = map_from_sox_driver(default_drivers[n]);
 
-        if (!driver_list.grow(driver_list.size() + 1)) {
-            roc_panic("sox backend: can't grow drivers array");
+        if (!driver_list.push_back(DriverInfo(driver, DriverType_Device,
+                                              DriverFlag_IsDefault
+                                                  | DriverFlag_SupportsSource
+                                                  | DriverFlag_SupportsSink,
+                                              this))) {
+            roc_panic("sox backend: can't add driver");
         }
-
-        driver_list.push_back(DriverInfo(driver, DriverType_Device,
-                                         DriverFlag_IsDefault | DriverFlag_SupportsSource
-                                             | DriverFlag_SupportsSink,
-                                         this));
     }
 
     const sox_format_tab_t* formats = sox_get_format_fns();
@@ -215,14 +214,13 @@ void SoxBackend::discover_drivers(core::Array<DriverInfo, MaxDrivers>& driver_li
                 continue;
             }
 
-            if (!driver_list.grow(driver_list.size() + 1)) {
-                roc_panic("sox backend: can't grow drivers array");
+            if (!driver_list.push_back(DriverInfo(
+                    driver,
+                    (handler->flags & SOX_FILE_DEVICE) ? DriverType_Device
+                                                       : DriverType_File,
+                    DriverFlag_SupportsSource | DriverFlag_SupportsSink, this))) {
+                roc_panic("sox backend: can't add driver");
             }
-
-            driver_list.push_back(DriverInfo(
-                driver,
-                (handler->flags & SOX_FILE_DEVICE) ? DriverType_Device : DriverType_File,
-                DriverFlag_SupportsSource | DriverFlag_SupportsSink, this));
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/tests/roc_core/test_array.cpp b/src/tests/roc_core/test_array.cpp
index ebd413cfe..9fbab2383 100644
--- a/src/tests/roc_core/test_array.cpp
+++ b/src/tests/roc_core/test_array.cpp
@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ TEST(array, push_back) {
     CHECK(array.grow(NumObjects));
 
     for (size_t n = 0; n < NumObjects; n++) {
-        array.push_back(Object(n));
+        CHECK(array.push_back(Object(n)));
 
         LONGS_EQUAL(NumObjects, array.capacity());
         LONGS_EQUAL(n + 1, array.size());
@@ -174,9 +174,9 @@ TEST(array, constructor_destructor) {
 
         CHECK(array.grow(3));
 
-        array.push_back(Object(1));
-        array.push_back(Object(2));
-        array.push_back(Object(3));
+        CHECK(array.push_back(Object(1)));
+        CHECK(array.push_back(Object(2)));
+        CHECK(array.push_back(Object(3)));
 
         LONGS_EQUAL(0, arena.num_allocations());
         LONGS_EQUAL(3, Object::n_objects);
@@ -186,8 +186,8 @@ TEST(array, constructor_destructor) {
         LONGS_EQUAL(1, arena.num_allocations());
         LONGS_EQUAL(3, Object::n_objects);
 
-        array.push_back(Object(4));
-        array.push_back(Object(5));
+        CHECK(array.push_back(Object(4)));
+        CHECK(array.push_back(Object(5)));
 
         LONGS_EQUAL(1, arena.num_allocations());
         LONGS_EQUAL(5, Object::n_objects);
diff --git a/src/tests/roc_core/test_hashmap.cpp b/src/tests/roc_core/test_hashmap.cpp
index d3988044c..b566af767 100644
--- a/src/tests/roc_core/test_hashmap.cpp
+++ b/src/tests/roc_core/test_hashmap.cpp
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ TEST_GROUP(hashmap) {
             format_key(key, sizeof(key), n);
 
             SharedPtr<Object> obj = new Object(key);
-            hashmap.insert(*obj);
+            CHECK(hashmap.insert(*obj));
         }
 
         CHECK((ssize_t)n >= (ssize_t)Capacity);
@@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ TEST(hashmap, insert) {
 
     CHECK(hashmap.grow());
 
-    hashmap.insert(*obj);
+    CHECK(hashmap.insert(*obj));
     UNSIGNED_LONGS_EQUAL(1, hashmap.size());
 
     CHECK(hashmap.find("foo") == obj);
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ TEST(hashmap, remove) {
 
     CHECK(hashmap.grow());
 
-    hashmap.insert(*obj);
+    CHECK(hashmap.insert(*obj));
     UNSIGNED_LONGS_EQUAL(1, hashmap.size());
 
     CHECK(hashmap.find("foo"));
@@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ TEST(hashmap, insert_remove_many) {
                 CHECK(hashmap.size() < hashmap.capacity());
             }
 
-            hashmap.insert(*obj);
+            CHECK(hashmap.insert(*obj));
         }
 
         UNSIGNED_LONGS_EQUAL(NumElements, hashmap.size());
@@ -212,7 +212,7 @@ TEST(hashmap, grow_rapidly) {
             format_key(key, sizeof(key), n_elems++);
 
             SharedPtr<Object> obj = new Object(key);
-            hashmap.insert(*obj);
+            CHECK(hashmap.insert(*obj));
 
             UNSIGNED_LONGS_EQUAL(n_elems, hashmap.size());
         }
@@ -238,7 +238,7 @@ TEST(hashmap, grow_rapidly_embedding) {
             format_key(key, sizeof(key), n_elems++);
 
             SharedPtr<Object> obj = new Object(key);
-            hashmap.insert(*obj);
+            CHECK(hashmap.insert(*obj));
         }
 
         UNSIGNED_LONGS_EQUAL(n_elems, hashmap.size());
@@ -280,7 +280,7 @@ TEST(hashmap, grow_slowly) {
                 CHECK(hashmap.size() < hashmap.capacity());
             }
 
-            hashmap.insert(*obj);
+            CHECK(hashmap.insert(*obj));
         }
 
         if (n > StartSize && n % GrowthRatio != 0) {
@@ -309,8 +309,8 @@ TEST(hashmap, refcounting) {
 
         CHECK(hashmap.grow());
 
-        hashmap.insert(*obj1);
-        hashmap.insert(*obj2);
+        CHECK(hashmap.insert(*obj1));
+        CHECK(hashmap.insert(*obj2));
 
         UNSIGNED_LONGS_EQUAL(2, obj1->getref());
         UNSIGNED_LONGS_EQUAL(2, obj2->getref());
@@ -352,7 +352,7 @@ TEST(hashmap, iterate) {
         SharedPtr<Object> obj = new Object(key);
 
         CHECK(hashmap.grow());
-        hashmap.insert(*obj);
+        CHECK(hashmap.insert(*obj));
 
         objects[n] = obj;
 
@@ -387,7 +387,7 @@ TEST(hashmap, iterate_modify) {
         SharedPtr<Object> obj = new Object(key);
 
         CHECK(hashmap.grow());
-        hashmap.insert(*obj);
+        CHECK(hashmap.insert(*obj));
 
         objects[n] = obj;
 
@@ -411,7 +411,7 @@ TEST(hashmap, iterate_modify) {
             SharedPtr<Object> new_obj = new Object(key);
 
             CHECK(hashmap.grow());
-            hashmap.insert(*new_obj);
+            CHECK(hashmap.insert(*new_obj));
 
             objects[NumElements - 1] = new_obj;
         }