add bibliography.md

This copies the mediawiki source code block of the Wikipedia
article's bibliography.  It will be edited after the other
sections are revised.

Signed-off-by: Norwid Behrnd <[email protected]>

Author: nbehrnd

data/learning.yml

@@ -300,6 +300,8 @@ books:
       - /learn/f95_features/pointers
       - /learn/f95_features/intrinsic_procedures
       - /learn/f95_features/data_transfer
+      - /learn/f95_features/operations_on_external_files
+      - /learn/f95_features/bibliography
 
 # Web links listed at the bottom of the 'Learn' landing page
 #

source/learn/f95_features/array_handling.md

@@ -52,16 +52,16 @@ call sub(a)
 the corresponding dummy argument specification defines only the type and
 rank of the array, not its shape. This information has to be made
 available by an explicit interface, often using an interface block (see
-[Interface blocks](interface_blocks).
+[Interface blocks](interface_blocks)).
 Thus we write just
 
 ```f90
 subroutine sub(da)
   real, dimension(:, :) :: da
 ```
 
-and this is as if `da` were dimensioned `(11,21)`. However, we can specify
-any lower bound and the array maps accordingly.
+and this is as if `da` were dimensioned `(11,21)`. However, we can
+specify any lower bound and the array maps accordingly.
 
 ```f90
 real, dimension(0:, 0:) :: da
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ end module
 program main
   use work_array
   read (input, *) n
-  allocate (work(n, 2 * n, 3 * n), STAT=status)
+  allocate (work(n, 2 * n, 3 * n), stat=status)
   :
   deallocate (work)
 ```
@@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ parallel processors. An elemental procedure must be pure.
 
 ```f90
 elemental subroutine swap(a, b)
-  real, intent(INOUT)  :: a, b
+  real, intent(inout)  :: a, b
   real                 :: work
   work = a
   a = b
@@ -313,9 +313,7 @@ always has a subscript or subscripts qualifying at least the last name.
 ## Array subobjects (sections)
 
 The general form of subscript for an array section is
-
-`      [`*`lower`*`] : [`*`upper`*`] [:`*`stride`*`]`
-
+`[lower]:[upper][:stride]`
 (where `[...]` indicates an optional item) as in
 
 ```f90
@@ -366,52 +364,59 @@ tar(1, 1)%u  !  component of an array element
 
 ### Vector and matrix multiply
 
-| `dot_product` | Dot product of 2 rank-one arrays |
-|---------------|----------------------------------|
-| `matmul`      | Matrix multiplication            |
+```{csv-table}
+`dot_product`, "Dot product of 2 rank-one arrays"
+`matmul`, "Matrix multiplication"
+```
 
 ### Array reduction
 
-| `all`     | True if all values are true                                 |
-|-----------|-------------------------------------------------------------|
-| `any`     | True if any value is true. Example: `if (any( a > b)) then` |
-| `count`   | Number of true elements in array                            |
-| `maxval`  | Maximum value in an array                                   |
-| `minval`  | Minimum value in an array                                   |
-| `product` | Product of array elements                                   |
-| `sum`     | Sum of array elements                                       |
+```{csv-table}
+`all`, "True if all values are true"
+`any`, "True if any value is true. Example: `if (any( a > b)) then`"
+`count`, "Number of true elements in array"
+`maxval`, "Maximum value in an array"
+`minval`, "Minimum value in an array"
+`product`, "Product of array elements"
+`sum`, "Sum of array elements"
+```
 
 ### Array inquiry
 
-| `allocated` | Array allocation status              |
-|-------------|--------------------------------------|
-| `lbound`    | Lower dimension bounds of an array   |
-| `shape`     | Shape of an array (or scalar)        |
-| `size`      | Total number of elements in an array |
-| `ubound`    | Upper dimension bounds of an array   |
+```{csv-table}
+`allocated`, "Array allocation status"
+`lbound`, "Lower dimension bounds of an array"
+`shape`, "Shape of an array (or scalar)"
+`size`, "Total number of elements in an array"
+`ubound`, "Upper dimension bounds of an array"
+```
 
 ### Array construction
 
-| `merge`  | Merge under mask                                     |
-|----------|------------------------------------------------------|
-| `pack`   | Pack an array into an array of rank one under a mask |
-| `spread` | Replicate array by adding a dimension                |
-| `unpack` | Unpack an array of rank one into an array under mask |
+```{csv-table}
+`merge`, "Merge under mask"
+`pack`, "Pack an array into an array of rank one under a mask"
+`spread`, "Replicate array by adding a dimension"
+`unpack`, "Unpack an array of rank one into an array under mask"
+```
 
 ### Array reshape
 
-| `reshape` | Reshape an array |
-|-----------|------------------|
+```{csv-table}
+`reshape`, "Reshape an array"
+```
 
 ### Array manipulation
 
-| `cshift`    | Circular shift                    |
-|-------------|-----------------------------------|
-| `eoshift`   | End-off shift                     |
-| `transpose` | Transpose of an array of rank two |
+```{csv-table}
+`cshift`, "Circular shift"
+`eoshift`, "End-off shift"
+`transpose`, "Transpose of an array of rank two"
+```
 
 ### Array location
 
-| `maxloc` | Location of first maximum value in an array |
-|----------|---------------------------------------------|
-| `minloc` | Location of first minimum value in an array |
+```{csv-table}
+`maxloc`, "Location of first maximum value in an array"
+`minloc`, "Location of first minimum value in an array"
+```

source/learn/f95_features/bibliography.md

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+# Bibliography
+
+* Metcalf, Michael; Reid, John; Cohen, Malcolm (2004-06-17),
+  *Fortran 95/2003 Explained*, Oxford University PressOxford,
+  <doi:10.1093/oso/9780198526926.003.0001>, ISBN 978-0-19-852692-6.
+* [Introduction to Modern Fortran](https://doi.org/10.1007/0-387-28123-1_2),
+  Statistics and Computing, New York: Springer-Verlag, 2005, 
+  <doi:10.1007/0-387-28123-1_2>, ISBN 0-387-23817-4
+* Gehrke, Wilhelm (1996).
+  [Fortran 95 Language Guide](https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-1025-5).
+  <doi:10.1007/978-1-4471-1025-5>. ISBN 978-3-540-76062-7
+* Chivers, Ian; Sleightholme, Jane (2000),
+  [Fortran 2000 and Various Fortran Dialects](https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-0403-2_29),
+  in *Introducing Fortran 95*, London: Springer London, pp. 377–388,
+  <doi:10.1007/978-1-4471-0403-2_29>, ISBN 978-1-85233-276-1
+* Counihan, Martin (2006). *Fortran 95* (2nd ed.). CRC Press. ISBN 9780203978467
+* Ramaraman, V. (1997). *Computer programming in FORTRAN 90 and 95*.
+  PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd. ISBN 9788120311817.
+* Joshi, Yogendra Prasad. *An Introduction to Fortran 90/95: Syntax and
+  Programming.* Allied Publishers. ISBN 9788177644746.

source/learn/f95_features/data_transfer.md

@@ -3,8 +3,7 @@
 ## Formatted input/output
 
 These examples illustrate various forms of I/O lists with some simple
-formats (see
-<a href="#Edit_descriptors" class="wikilink" title="below">below</a>):
+formats (see [below](edit_descriptors)):
 
 ```f90
 integer             :: i
@@ -60,8 +59,7 @@ print form, q
 ```
 
 or as an asterisk this is a type of I/O known as *list-directed* I/O
-(see
-<a href="#List-directed_I/O" class="wikilink" title="below">below</a>),
+(see [below](list-directed-i/o),
 in which the format is defined by the computer system:
 
 ```f90
@@ -75,27 +73,26 @@ do not reference any unit number: this is referred to as terminal I/O.
 Otherwise the form is:
 
 ```f90
-read (UNIT=4, FMT="(f10.3)") q
-read (UNIT=newunit, FMT="(f10.3)") q
-read (UNIT=4 * i + j, FMT="(f10.3)") a
+read (unit=4, fmt="(f10.3)") q
+read (unit=newunit, fmt="(f10.3)") q
+read (unit=4 * i + j, fmt="(f10.3)") a
 ```
 
 where `unit=` is optional. The value may be any nonnegative integer
-allowed by the system for this purpose (but `0`, `5` and `6` often denote the
-error, keyboard and terminal, respectively).
+allowed by the system for this purpose (but `0`, `5` and `6` often
+denote the error, keyboard and terminal, respectively).
 
 An asterisk is a variantagain from the keyboard:
 
 ```f90
-read (UNIT=*, FMT="(f10.3)") q
+read (unit=*, fmt="(f10.3)") q
 ```
 
 A read with a unit specifier allows
-<a href="exception_handling" class="wikilink"
-title="exception handling">exception handling</a>:
+[exception handling](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exception_handling):
 
 ```f90
-read (UNIT=NUNIT, FMT="(3f10.3)", IOSTAT=ios) a, b, c
+read (unit=nunit, fmt="(3f10.3)", iostat=ios) a, b, c
 if (ios == 0) then
   ! Successful read - continue execution.
   :
@@ -105,11 +102,11 @@ else
 end if
 ```
 
-There a second type of formatted output statement, the `write`
+There is a second type of formatted output statement, the `write`
 statement:
 
 ```f90
-write (UNIT=nout, FMT="(10f10.3)", IOSTAT=ios) a
+write (unit=nout, fmt="(10f10.3)", iostat=ios) a
 ```
 
 ## Internal files
@@ -121,11 +118,12 @@ itself.
 ```f90
 integer, dimension(30)         :: ival
 integer                        :: key
-character(LEN=30)              :: buffer
-character(LEN=6), dimension(3), parameter :: form = (/"(30i1)", "(15i2)", "(10i3)"/)
+character(len=30)              :: buffer
+character(len=6), dimension(3), parameter :: form = (/"(30i1)", &
+                                                    "(15i2)", "(10i3)"/)
 
-read (UNIT=*, FMT="(a30,i1)") buffer, key
-read (UNIT=buffer, FMT=form(key)) ival(1:30 / key)
+read (unit=*, fmt="(a30,i1)") buffer, key
+read (unit=buffer, fmt=form(key)) ival(1:30 / key)
 ```
 
 If an internal file is a scalar, it has a single record whose length is
@@ -140,11 +138,11 @@ An example using a `write` statement is
 ```f90
 integer           :: day
 real              :: cash
-character(LEN=50) :: line
+character(len=50) :: line
 :
 ! write into line
-write (UNIT=line, FMT="(a, i2, a, f8.2, a)") "Takings for day ", day, &
-  & " are ", cash, " dollars"
+write (unit=line, fmt="(a, i2, a, f8.2, a)") "Takings for day ", day, &
+  " are ", cash, " dollars"
 ```
 
 that might write
@@ -162,8 +160,8 @@ integer               :: i
 real                  :: a
 complex, dimension(2) :: field
 logical               :: flag
-character(LEN=12)     :: title
-character(LEN=4)      :: word
+character(len=12)     :: title
+character(len=4)      :: word
 :
 read *,i, a, field, flag, title, word
 ```
@@ -191,10 +189,10 @@ non-advancing I/O statement performs no such repositioning and may
 therefore leave the file positioned within a record.
 
 ```f90
-character(LEN=3)  :: key
+character(len=3)  :: key
 integer           :: u, s, ios
 :
-read (UNIT=u, FMT="(a3)", ADVANCE="no", SIZE=s, IOSTAT=ios) key
+read (unit=u, fmt="(a3)", advance="no", size=s, iostat=ios) key
 if (ios == 0) then
   :
 else
@@ -212,8 +210,8 @@ next character position on the screen without an intervening line-feed,
 we can write
 
 ```f90
-write (UNIT=*, FMT="(a)", ADVANCE="no") "enter next prime number:"
-read (UNIT=*, FMT="(i10)") prime_number
+write (unit=*, fmt="(a)", advance="no") "enter next prime number:"
+read (unit=*, fmt="(i10)") prime_number
 ```
 
 Non-advancing I/O is for external files, and is not available for
@@ -225,8 +223,8 @@ It is possible to specify that an edit descriptor be repeated a
 specified number of times, using a *repeat count*: `10f12.3`
 
 The slash edit descriptor (see
-<a href="#Control_edit_descriptors" class="wikilink"
-title="below">below</a>) may have a repeat count, and a repeat count can
+[below](control-edit-descriptors))
+may have a repeat count, and a repeat count can
 also apply to a group of edit descriptors, enclosed in parentheses, with
 nesting:
 
@@ -258,9 +256,9 @@ computer or another computer using the same internal number
 representations:
 
 ```f90
-open (UNIT=4, FILE='test', FORM='unformatted')
-read (UNIT=4) q
-write (UNIT=nout, IOSTAT=ios) a  ! no fmt=
+open (unit=4, file='test', form='unformatted')
+read (unit=4) q
+write (unit=nout, iostat=ios) a  ! no fmt=
 ```
 
 ## Direct-access files
@@ -276,21 +274,22 @@ real, dimension(length)              :: a
 real, dimension(length + 1:2*length) :: b
 integer                              :: i, rec_length
 :
-inquire (IOLENGTH=rec_length) a
-open (UNIT=nunit, ACCESS="direct", RECL=rec_length, STATUS="scratch", ACTION="readwrite")
+inquire (iolength=rec_length) a
+open (unit=nunit, access="direct", recl=rec_length, status="scratch", &
+      action="readwrite")
 :
 ! Write array b to direct-access file in record 14
-write (UNIT=nunit, REC=14) b
+write (unit=nunit, rec=14) b
 :
 ! Read the array back into array a
-read (UNIT=nunit, REC=14) a
+read (unit=nunit, rec=14) a
 
 do i = 1, length / 2
   a(i) = i
 end do
 
 ! Replace modified record
-write (UNIT=nunit, REC=14) a
+write (unit=nunit, rec=14) a
 ```
 
 The file must be an external file and list-directed formatting and