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1 Web server with NGINX

Install and configure Nginx, linuxserver.io


NGINX is a high-performance web server, reverse proxy server, and load balancer known for its speed, scalability, and low resource consumption. It is widely used in both small-scale websites and large-scale enterprise environments.

    $ sudo apt install nginx

Once NGINX is installed, you need to start the service and enable it to start automatically at boot.

    $ sudo systemctl start nginx
    $ sudo systemctl status nginx
  • Configure the Firewall : If you have a firewall enabled, you’ll need to allow HTTP and HTTPS traffic to pass through. $ sudo ufw allow 'Nginx Full'.

At this point, NGINX is running. You can verify it by visiting your server's IP address in a browser (e.g., http://your-server-ip). You should see the default NGINX welcome page.

Configure NGINX Server Block (Virtual Host) : NGINX uses server blocks to host multiple websites on the same server. Here's how to create a new server block.

  • Create a directory for your website content: $ sudo mkdir -p /var/www/example.com/html.
  • Set ownership of the directory to your user: $ sudo chown -R $USER:$USER /var/www/example.com/html.
  • Set appropriate permissions: $ sudo chmod -R 755 /var/www/example.com.
  • Create a sample index.html file: $ nano /var/www/example.com/html/index.html.
  • Create a new server block configuration file: $ sudo nano /etc/nginx/sites-available/example.com.
server {
    listen 80;
    server_name example.com www.example.com;

    root /var/www/example.com/html;
    index index.html;

    location / {
        try_files $uri $uri/ =404;
    }
}
  • Enable the server block: $ sudo ln -s /etc/nginx/sites-available/example.com /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/.
  • Test the configuration for syntax errors: $ sudo nginx -t.
  • Reload NGINX to apply the changes: $ sudo systemctl reload nginx.

Main Configuration File: Located at /etc/nginx/nginx.conf. This file contains the global settings for NGINX.

Site-Specific Configuration: Located in /etc/nginx/sites-available/ and /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/. By default, NGINX serves sites from /var/www/html.

  • To secure your website with HTTPS, you can use Let's Encrypt for free SSL certificates. Install CertBlock : $ sudo apt install certbot python3-certbot-nginx.
  • Obtain an SSL certificate: $ sudo certbot --nginx -d example.com -d www.example.com.
  • Test automatic renewal: $ sudo certbot renew --dry-run.
  • Access logs: $ sudo tail -f /var/log/nginx/access.log.
  • Error logs: $ sudo tail -f /var/log/nginx/error.log.

Resources : Install a webserver on Linux in 15 minutes , Reverse proxy nginx letsencrypt tutorial, How To Install Nginx on Ubuntu 20.04, Linux Server Course - System Configuration and Operation, How to Install and Configure NGINX Web Server in Ubuntu 22.04 LTS, The NGINX Crash Course, Nginx Server | Install on Ubuntu 20.04, Flask Load Balancing Using Nginx and Docker, Python Flask Tutorial: Deploying Your Application (Option #1) - Deploy to a Linux Server, Python Flask Tutorial: How to Use a Custom Domain Name for Our Application, Deploy Flask Application on Ubuntu VPS using Nginx, How to Deploy a Flask App to a Linux Server.