Add blob implementation with WebSocket integration

Summary:
This is the first PR from a series of PRs grabbou and me will make to add blob support to React Native. The next PR will include blob support for XMLHttpRequest.

I'd like to get this merged with minimal changes to preserve the attribution. My next PR can contain bigger changes.

Blobs are used to transfer binary data between server and client. Currently React Native lacks a way to deal with binary data. The only thing that comes close is uploading files through a URI.

Current workarounds to transfer binary data includes encoding and decoding them to base64 and and transferring them as string, which is not ideal, since it increases the payload size and the whole payload needs to be sent via the bridge every time changes are made.

The PR adds a way to deal with blobs via a new native module. The blob is constructed on the native side and the data never needs to pass through the bridge. Currently the only way to create a blob is to receive a blob from the server via websocket.

The PR is largely a direct port of https://github.com/silklabs/silk/tree/master/react-native-blobs by philikon into RN (with changes to integrate with RN), and attributed as such.

> **Note:** This is a breaking change for all people running iOS without CocoaPods. You will have to manually add `RCTBlob.xcodeproj` to your `Libraries` and then, add it to Build Phases. Just follow the process of manual linking. We'll also need to document this process in the release notes.

Related discussion - #11103

- `Image` can't show image when `URL.createObjectURL` is used with large images on Android

The websocket integration can be tested via a simple server,

```js
const fs = require('fs');
const http = require('http');

const WebSocketServer = require('ws').Server;

const wss = new WebSocketServer({
  server: http.createServer().listen(7232),
});

wss.on('connection', (ws) => {
  ws.on('message', (d) => {
    console.log(d);
  });

  ws.send(fs.readFileSync('./some-file'));
});
```

Then on the client,

```js
var ws = new WebSocket('ws://localhost:7232');

ws.binaryType = 'blob';

ws.onerror = (error) => {
  console.error(error);
};

ws.onmessage = (e) => {
  console.log(e.data);
  ws.send(e.data);
};
```

cc brentvatne ide
Closes #11417

Reviewed By: sahrens

Differential Revision: D5188484

Pulled By: javache

fbshipit-source-id: 6afcbc4d19aa7a27b0dc9d52701ba400e7d7e98f

Author: philikon

Libraries/Blob/Blob.js

@@ -0,0 +1,153 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2013-present, Facebook, Inc.
+ * All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * This source code is licensed under the BSD-style license found in the
+ * LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree. An additional grant
+ * of patent rights can be found in the PATENTS file in the same directory.
+ *
+ * @providesModule Blob
+ * @flow
+ */
+
+'use strict';
+
+const invariant = require('fbjs/lib/invariant');
+const uuid = require('uuid');
+
+const { BlobModule } = require('NativeModules');
+
+import type { BlobProps } from 'BlobTypes';
+
+/**
+ * Opaque JS representation of some binary data in native.
+ *
+ * The API is modeled after the W3C Blob API, with one caveat
+ * regarding explicit deallocation. Refer to the `close()`
+ * method for further details.
+ *
+ * Example usage in a React component:
+ *
+ *   class WebSocketImage extends React.Component {
+ *      state = {blob: null};
+ *      componentDidMount() {
+ *        let ws = this.ws = new WebSocket(...);
+ *        ws.binaryType = 'blob';
+ *        ws.onmessage = (event) => {
+ *          if (this.state.blob) {
+ *            this.state.blob.close();
+ *          }
+ *          this.setState({blob: event.data});
+ *        };
+ *      }
+ *      componentUnmount() {
+ *        if (this.state.blob) {
+ *          this.state.blob.close();
+ *        }
+ *        this.ws.close();
+ *      }
+ *      render() {
+ *        if (!this.state.blob) {
+ *          return <View />;
+ *        }
+ *        return <Image source={{uri: URL.createObjectURL(this.state.blob)}} />;
+ *      }
+ *   }
+ *
+ * Reference: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Blob
+ */
+class Blob {
+  /**
+   * Size of the data contained in the Blob object, in bytes.
+   */
+  size: number;
+  /*
+   * String indicating the MIME type of the data contained in the Blob.
+   * If the type is unknown, this string is empty.
+   */
+  type: string;
+
+  /*
+   * Unique id to identify the blob on native side (non-standard)
+   */
+  blobId: string;
+  /*
+   * Offset to indicate part of blob, used when sliced (non-standard)
+   */
+  offset: number;
+
+  /**
+   * Construct blob instance from blob data from native.
+   * Used internally by modules like XHR, WebSocket, etc.
+   */
+  static create(props: BlobProps): Blob {
+    return Object.assign(Object.create(Blob.prototype), props);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Constructor for JS consumers.
+   * Currently we only support creating Blobs from other Blobs.
+   * Reference: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Blob/Blob
+   */
+  constructor(parts: Array<Blob>, options: any) {
+    const blobId = uuid();
+    let size = 0;
+    parts.forEach((part) => {
+      invariant(part instanceof Blob, 'Can currently only create a Blob from other Blobs');
+      size += part.size;
+    });
+    BlobModule.createFromParts(parts, blobId);
+    return Blob.create({
+      blobId,
+      offset: 0,
+      size,
+    });
+  }
+
+  /*
+   * This method is used to create a new Blob object containing
+   * the data in the specified range of bytes of the source Blob.
+   * Reference: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Blob/slice
+   */
+  slice(start?: number, end?: number): Blob {
+    let offset = this.offset;
+    let size = this.size;
+    if (typeof start === 'number') {
+      if (start > size) {
+        start = size;
+      }
+      offset += start;
+      size -= start;
+
+      if (typeof end === 'number') {
+        if (end < 0) {
+          end = this.size + end;
+        }
+        size = end - start;
+      }
+    }
+    return Blob.create({
+      blobId: this.blobId,
+      offset,
+      size,
+    });
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * This method is in the standard, but not actually implemented by
+   * any browsers at this point. It's important for how Blobs work in
+   * React Native, however, since we cannot de-allocate resources automatically,
+   * so consumers need to explicitly de-allocate them.
+   *
+   * Note that the semantics around Blobs created via `blob.slice()`
+   * and `new Blob([blob])` are different. `blob.slice()` creates a
+   * new *view* onto the same binary data, so calling `close()` on any
+   * of those views is enough to deallocate the data, whereas
+   * `new Blob([blob, ...])` actually copies the data in memory.
+   */
+  close() {
+    BlobModule.release(this.blobId);
+  }
+}
+
+module.exports = Blob;

Libraries/Blob/BlobTypes.js

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2013-present, Facebook, Inc.
+ * All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * This source code is licensed under the BSD-style license found in the
+ * LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree. An additional grant
+ * of patent rights can be found in the PATENTS file in the same directory.
+ *
+ * @providesModule BlobTypes
+ * @flow
+ */
+
+'use strict';
+
+export type BlobProps = {
+  blobId: string,
+  offset: number,
+  size: number,
+  type?: string,
+};
+
+export type FileProps = BlobProps & {
+  name: string,
+  lastModified: number,
+};