diff --git a/crates/erg_compiler/context/initialize/classes.rs b/crates/erg_compiler/context/initialize/classes.rs
index 410371aa9..a8f031ef6 100644
--- a/crates/erg_compiler/context/initialize/classes.rs
+++ b/crates/erg_compiler/context/initialize/classes.rs
@@ -87,6 +87,13 @@ impl Context {
             Some(FUNDAMENTAL_FORMAT),
             14,
         );
+        obj.register_builtin_py_impl(
+            FUNDAMENTAL_CALL,
+            func0(Obj),
+            Immutable,
+            Visibility::BUILTIN_PUBLIC,
+            Some(FUNDAMENTAL_CALL),
+        );
         // Obj does not implement Eq
         let mut complex = Self::builtin_mono_class(COMPLEX, 2);
         complex.register_superclass(Obj, &obj);
diff --git a/crates/erg_compiler/context/initialize/funcs.rs b/crates/erg_compiler/context/initialize/funcs.rs
index 0735d0cb2..a4e705de8 100644
--- a/crates/erg_compiler/context/initialize/funcs.rs
+++ b/crates/erg_compiler/context/initialize/funcs.rs
@@ -351,8 +351,8 @@ impl Context {
         )
         .quantify();
         let t_slice = no_var_func(
-            vec![kw(KW_START, Int)],
-            vec![kw(KW_STOP, Int), kw(KW_STEP, Int)],
+            vec![kw(KW_START, Int | NoneType)],
+            vec![kw(KW_STOP, Int | NoneType), kw(KW_STEP, Int | NoneType)],
             mono(SLICE),
         );
         let t_sorted = nd_func(
@@ -975,6 +975,40 @@ impl Context {
             Visibility::BUILTIN_PUBLIC,
             None,
         );
+        let t_exec = func(
+            vec![kw(KW_CODE, Str)],
+            None,
+            vec![
+                kw(KW_GLOBALS, mono(GENERIC_DICT)),
+                kw(KW_LOCALS, mono(GENERIC_DICT)),
+            ],
+            None,
+            NoneType,
+        );
+        self.register_builtin_py_impl(
+            FUNC_EXEC,
+            t_exec,
+            Immutable,
+            Visibility::BUILTIN_PUBLIC,
+            Some(FUNC_EXEC),
+        );
+        let t_eval = func(
+            vec![kw(KW_CODE, Str)],
+            None,
+            vec![
+                kw(KW_GLOBALS, mono(GENERIC_DICT)),
+                kw(KW_LOCALS, mono(GENERIC_DICT)),
+            ],
+            None,
+            NoneType,
+        );
+        self.register_builtin_py_impl(
+            FUNC_EVAL,
+            t_eval,
+            Immutable,
+            Visibility::BUILTIN_PUBLIC,
+            Some(FUNC_EVAL),
+        );
     }
 
     pub(super) fn init_builtin_operators(&mut self) {
diff --git a/crates/erg_compiler/context/initialize/mod.rs b/crates/erg_compiler/context/initialize/mod.rs
index 1b8a4c41f..e19912ebd 100644
--- a/crates/erg_compiler/context/initialize/mod.rs
+++ b/crates/erg_compiler/context/initialize/mod.rs
@@ -547,6 +547,8 @@ const FUNC_HASATTR: &str = "hasattr";
 const FUNC_GETATTR: &str = "getattr";
 const FUNC_SETATTR: &str = "setattr";
 const FUNC_DELATTR: &str = "delattr";
+const FUNC_EXEC: &str = "exec";
+const FUNC_EVAL: &str = "eval";
 const FUNC_NEARLY_EQ: &str = "nearly_eq";
 const FUNC_RESOLVE_PATH: &str = "ResolvePath";
 const FUNC_RESOLVE_DECL_PATH: &str = "ResolveDeclPath";
@@ -732,6 +734,8 @@ const KW_NUMBER: &str = "number";
 const KW_ITERABLE1: &str = "iterable1";
 const KW_ITERABLE2: &str = "iterable2";
 const KW_CODE: &str = "code";
+const KW_GLOBALS: &str = "globals";
+const KW_LOCALS: &str = "locals";
 const KW_STOP: &str = "stop";
 const KW_STEP: &str = "step";
 const KW_REQUIREMENT: &str = "Requirement";
diff --git a/crates/erg_compiler/context/inquire.rs b/crates/erg_compiler/context/inquire.rs
index 4233ab335..24dc76eb0 100644
--- a/crates/erg_compiler/context/inquire.rs
+++ b/crates/erg_compiler/context/inquire.rs
@@ -273,6 +273,11 @@ impl Context {
             })
     }
 
+    /// ```erg
+    /// get_singular_ctxs_by_hir_expr(1) == Err
+    /// get_singular_ctxs_by_hir_expr(Int) == [<type Int>, <type Type>, ...]
+    /// get_singular_ctxs_by_hir_expr(math) == [<module math>]
+    /// ```
     pub fn get_singular_ctxs_by_hir_expr(
         &self,
         obj: &hir::Expr,
@@ -1342,6 +1347,20 @@ impl Context {
             }
             _ => {}
         }
+        if let Ok(singular_ctxs) = self.get_singular_ctxs_by_hir_expr(obj, namespace) {
+            for ctx in singular_ctxs {
+                if let Some(vi) = ctx.get_current_scope_non_param(&attr_name.name) {
+                    self.validate_visibility(attr_name, vi, input, namespace)?;
+                    return Ok(vi.clone());
+                }
+                for method_ctx in ctx.methods_list.iter() {
+                    if let Some(vi) = method_ctx.get_current_scope_non_param(&attr_name.name) {
+                        self.validate_visibility(attr_name, vi, input, namespace)?;
+                        return Ok(vi.clone());
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
         for ctx in self
             .get_nominal_super_type_ctxs(obj.ref_t())
             .ok_or_else(|| {
@@ -1376,30 +1395,6 @@ impl Context {
                 }
             }
         }
-        if let Ok(singular_ctxs) = self.get_singular_ctxs_by_hir_expr(obj, namespace) {
-            for ctx in singular_ctxs {
-                if let Some(vi) = ctx.get_current_scope_non_param(&attr_name.name) {
-                    self.validate_visibility(attr_name, vi, input, namespace)?;
-                    return Ok(vi.clone());
-                }
-                for method_ctx in ctx.methods_list.iter() {
-                    if let Some(vi) = method_ctx.get_current_scope_non_param(&attr_name.name) {
-                        self.validate_visibility(attr_name, vi, input, namespace)?;
-                        return Ok(vi.clone());
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-            return Err(TyCheckError::singular_no_attr_error(
-                self.cfg.input.clone(),
-                line!() as usize,
-                attr_name.loc(),
-                namespace.name.to_string(),
-                obj.qual_name().as_deref().unwrap_or("?"),
-                obj.ref_t(),
-                attr_name.inspect(),
-                self.get_similar_attr_from_singular(obj, attr_name.inspect()),
-            ));
-        }
         match self.get_attr_type_by_name(obj, attr_name, namespace) {
             Triple::Ok(method) => {
                 let def_t = self
@@ -1436,17 +1431,18 @@ impl Context {
                 );
                 return Ok(vi);
             }
-        }
-        for patch in self.find_patches_of(obj.ref_t()) {
-            if let Some(vi) = patch.get_current_scope_non_param(&attr_name.name) {
-                self.validate_visibility(attr_name, vi, input, namespace)?;
-                return Ok(vi.clone());
-            }
-            for methods_ctx in patch.methods_list.iter() {
-                if let Some(vi) = methods_ctx.get_current_scope_non_param(&attr_name.name) {
+        } else {
+            for patch in self.find_patches_of(obj.ref_t()) {
+                if let Some(vi) = patch.get_current_scope_non_param(&attr_name.name) {
                     self.validate_visibility(attr_name, vi, input, namespace)?;
                     return Ok(vi.clone());
                 }
+                for methods_ctx in patch.methods_list.iter() {
+                    if let Some(vi) = methods_ctx.get_current_scope_non_param(&attr_name.name) {
+                        self.validate_visibility(attr_name, vi, input, namespace)?;
+                        return Ok(vi.clone());
+                    }
+                }
             }
         }
         let coerced = self
@@ -1487,6 +1483,20 @@ impl Context {
             }
             _ => {}
         }
+        if let Ok(singular_ctxs) = self.get_singular_ctxs_by_hir_expr(obj, namespace) {
+            for ctx in singular_ctxs {
+                if let Some(vi) = ctx.get_current_scope_callable(&attr_name.name) {
+                    self.validate_visibility(attr_name, vi, input, namespace)?;
+                    return Ok(vi.clone());
+                }
+                for method_ctx in ctx.methods_list.iter() {
+                    if let Some(vi) = method_ctx.get_current_scope_callable(&attr_name.name) {
+                        self.validate_visibility(attr_name, vi, input, namespace)?;
+                        return Ok(vi.clone());
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
         for ctx in self
             .get_nominal_super_type_ctxs(obj.ref_t())
             .ok_or_else(|| {
@@ -1521,30 +1531,6 @@ impl Context {
                 }
             }
         }
-        if let Ok(singular_ctxs) = self.get_singular_ctxs_by_hir_expr(obj, namespace) {
-            for ctx in singular_ctxs {
-                if let Some(vi) = ctx.get_current_scope_callable(&attr_name.name) {
-                    self.validate_visibility(attr_name, vi, input, namespace)?;
-                    return Ok(vi.clone());
-                }
-                for method_ctx in ctx.methods_list.iter() {
-                    if let Some(vi) = method_ctx.get_current_scope_callable(&attr_name.name) {
-                        self.validate_visibility(attr_name, vi, input, namespace)?;
-                        return Ok(vi.clone());
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-            return Err(TyCheckError::singular_no_attr_error(
-                self.cfg.input.clone(),
-                line!() as usize,
-                attr_name.loc(),
-                namespace.name.to_string(),
-                obj.qual_name().as_deref().unwrap_or("?"),
-                obj.ref_t(),
-                attr_name.inspect(),
-                self.get_similar_attr_from_singular(obj, attr_name.inspect()),
-            ));
-        }
         match self.get_attr_type_by_name(obj, attr_name, namespace) {
             Triple::Ok(method) => {
                 let def_t = self
@@ -1581,17 +1567,18 @@ impl Context {
                 );
                 return Ok(vi);
             }
-        }
-        for patch in self.find_patches_of(obj.ref_t()) {
-            if let Some(vi) = patch.get_current_scope_callable(&attr_name.name) {
-                self.validate_visibility(attr_name, vi, input, namespace)?;
-                return Ok(vi.clone());
-            }
-            for methods_ctx in patch.methods_list.iter() {
-                if let Some(vi) = methods_ctx.get_current_scope_callable(&attr_name.name) {
+        } else {
+            for patch in self.find_patches_of(obj.ref_t()) {
+                if let Some(vi) = patch.get_current_scope_callable(&attr_name.name) {
                     self.validate_visibility(attr_name, vi, input, namespace)?;
                     return Ok(vi.clone());
                 }
+                for methods_ctx in patch.methods_list.iter() {
+                    if let Some(vi) = methods_ctx.get_current_scope_callable(&attr_name.name) {
+                        self.validate_visibility(attr_name, vi, input, namespace)?;
+                        return Ok(vi.clone());
+                    }
+                }
             }
         }
         let coerced = self
@@ -2824,7 +2811,7 @@ impl Context {
         )
     }
 
-    pub(crate) fn get_similar_attr_from_singular<'a>(
+    pub(crate) fn _get_similar_attr_from_singular<'a>(
         &'a self,
         obj: &hir::Expr,
         name: &str,
@@ -3023,6 +3010,10 @@ impl Context {
         opt_max
     }
 
+    /// ```erg
+    /// get_nominal_super_type_ctx(Nat) == [<Nat>, <Int>, <Float>, ..., <Obj>, <Eq>, ...]
+    /// get_nominal_super_type_ctx({Nat}) == [<Type>, <Obj>, <Eq>, ...]
+    /// ```
     pub fn get_nominal_super_type_ctxs<'a>(&'a self, t: &Type) -> Option<Vec<&'a TypeContext>> {
         match t {
             Type::FreeVar(fv) if fv.is_linked() => self.get_nominal_super_type_ctxs(&fv.crack()),
diff --git a/crates/erg_compiler/lib/pystd/typing.d.er b/crates/erg_compiler/lib/pystd/typing.d.er
index 8662254d2..024fd8a83 100644
--- a/crates/erg_compiler/lib/pystd/typing.d.er
+++ b/crates/erg_compiler/lib/pystd/typing.d.er
@@ -8,21 +8,21 @@
 .TypeAlias: ClassType
 .Tuple: ClassType
 .Tuple.
-    __getitem__: (*Type) -> Type
+    __getitem__: (HomogenousTuple Type) -> Type
 .Union: ClassType
 .Union.
-    __getitem__: (*Type) -> Type
+    __getitem__: (HomogenousTuple Type) -> Type
 .Optional: ClassType
 .Optional.
-    __getitem__: (Type) -> Type
+    __getitem__: (HomogenousTuple Type) -> Type
 .Callable: ClassType
 .Callable.
-    __getitem__: (params: [Type; _], Type) -> Type
+    __getitem__: (HomogenousTuple Type) -> Type
 .Concatenate: (*Type) -> Type
 .Type: (Type) -> Type
 .Literal: ClassType
 .Literal.
-    __getitem__: (*Obj) -> Type
+    __getitem__: (HomogenousTuple Obj) -> Type
 .ClassVar: (Type) -> Type
 .Final: (Type) -> Type
 .Required: (Type) -> Type
@@ -64,24 +64,42 @@
 .AnyStr: ClassType
 .Protocol: (Type := NoneType) -> Type
 .NamedTuple: ClassType
+.NamedTuple.
+    __call__: (typename: Str, it := global::Iterable(Obj)) -> Type
 .NewType: ClassType
 .NewType.
     __module__: Str
     __name__: Str
     __supertype__: Type
     __call__: (name: Str, tp: Type) -> NewType
-.TypedDict: (Str, Type) -> Type
+.TypedDict: (typename: Str, it := global::Iterable(Obj)) -> Type
 .Dict: (Type, Type) -> Type
 .List: (Type) -> Type
 .Set: (Type) -> Type
-.FrozenSet: (Type) -> Type
-.OrderedDict: (Type, Type) -> Type
+.FrozenSet: (Type) -> ClassType
+.FrozenSet.
+    __getitem__: Type -> Type
+.OrderedDict: (Type, Type) -> ClassType
+.OrderedDict.
+    __getitem__: (kv: (Type, Type)) -> Type
 .ChainMap: (Type, Type) -> Type
 .Counter: (Type, Int) -> Type
-.Deque: (Type) -> Type
-.IO: ClassType
+.Deque: (T: Type) -> ClassType
+.Deque.
+    __call__: |T|(iter: global::Iterable(T)) -> Deque T
+    __getitem__: (Type) -> Type
+.IO: Type -> ClassType
+.IO.
+    __call__: () -> IO Obj
+    __getitem__: (Type) -> Type
 .TextIO: ClassType
+.TextIO <: IO Str
+.TextIO.
+    __call__: () -> TextIO
 .BinaryIO: ClassType
+.BinaryIO <: IO Bytes
+.BinaryIO.
+    __call__: () -> BinaryIO
 .Pattern: ClassType
 .Match: ClassType
 .Text: ClassType
@@ -127,20 +145,40 @@
 .KeysView: ClassType
 .Mapping: ClassType
 .Mapping.
-    __getitem__: (Type, Type) -> Type
+    __getitem__: (kv: (Type, Type)) -> Type
 .MappingView: ClassType
+.MappingView.
+    __getitem__: (Type) -> Type
 .MutableMapping: ClassType
+.MutableMapping.
+    __getitem__: (kv: (Type, Type)) -> Type
 .MutableSequence: ClassType
+.MutableSequence.
+    __getitem__: Type -> Type
 .MutableSet: ClassType
+.MutableSet.
+    __getitem__: Type -> Type
 .Sized: ClassType
 .ValuesView: ClassType
 .Awaitable: ClassType
 .AsyncIterator: ClassType
+.AsyncIterator.
+    __getitem__: Type -> Type
 .AsyncIterable: ClassType
+.AsyncIterable.
+    __getitem__: Type -> Type
 .Coroutine: ClassType
+.Coroutine.
+    __getitem__: (t: (Type, Type, Type)) -> Type
 .Collection: ClassType
+.Collection.
+    __getitem__: Type -> Type
 .AsyncGenerator: ClassType
+.AsyncGenerator.
+    __getitem__: (t: (Type, Type)) -> Type
 .AsyncContextManager: ClassType
+.AsyncContextManager.
+    __getitem__: Type -> Type
 .SupportsAbs: ClassType
 .SupportsBytes: ClassType
 .SupportsComplex: ClassType
@@ -149,5 +187,9 @@
 .SupportsInt: ClassType
 .SupportsRound: ClassType
 
-.Genertor: ClassType
+.Generator: ClassType
+.Generator.
+    __getitem__: (t: (Type, Type, Type)) -> Type
 .Reversible: ClassType
+.Reversible.
+    __getitem__: Type -> Type
diff --git a/crates/erg_compiler/lib/pystd/urllib.d/parse.d.er b/crates/erg_compiler/lib/pystd/urllib.d/parse.d.er
index e69de29bb..ba0edc7ad 100644
--- a/crates/erg_compiler/lib/pystd/urllib.d/parse.d.er
+++ b/crates/erg_compiler/lib/pystd/urllib.d/parse.d.er
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+.urlparse: (urlstring: Str, scheme := Str, allow_fragments := Bool) -> NamedTuple {
+    .scheme = Str;
+    .netloc = Str;
+    .path = Str;
+    .params = Str;
+    .query = Str;
+    .fragment = Str;
+    .username = Str or NoneType;
+    .password = Str or NoneType;
+    .hostname = Str or NoneType;
+    .port = Int or NoneType;
+}
+.parse_qs: (
+    qs: Str,
+    keep_blank_values := Bool,
+    strict_parsing := Bool,
+    encoding := Str,
+    errors := Str,
+    max_num_fields := Nat or NoneType,
+    separator := Str,
+) -> {Str: [Str; _]}