feat: add rust solution to lc problem: No.3579 (#4482)

No.3579.Minimum Steps to Convert String with Operations

Author: yanglbme

solution/3500-3599/3579.Minimum Steps to Convert String with Operations/README.md

@@ -144,7 +144,17 @@ tags:
 
 <!-- solution:start -->
 
-### 方法一
+### 方法一：贪心 + 动态规划
+
+我们定义 $f[i]$ 表示将 $\textit{word1}$ 的前 $i$ 个字符转换为 $\textit{word2}$ 的前 $i$ 个字符所需的最小操作数。那么答案为 $f[n]$，其中 $n$ 是 $\textit{word1}$ 和 $\textit{word2}$ 的长度。
+
+我们可以通过遍历所有可能的分割点来计算 $f[i]$。对于每个分割点 $j$，我们需要计算将 $\textit{word1}[j:i]$ 转换为 $\textit{word2}[j:i]$ 所需的最小操作数。
+
+我们可以使用一个辅助函数 $\text{calc}(l, r, \text{rev})$ 来计算从 $\textit{word1}[l:r]$ 转换为 $\textit{word2}[l:r]$ 所需的最小操作数，其中 $\text{rev}$ 表示是否需要反转子串。由于反转前后进行其它操作的结果是一样的，所以我们可以考虑不反转，以及首先进行一次反转后再进行其它操作。因此有 $f[i] = \min_{j < i} (f[j] + \min(\text{calc}(j, i-1, \text{false}), 1 + \text{calc}(j, i-1, \text{true})))$。
+
+接下来我们需要实现 $\text{calc}(l, r, \text{rev})$ 函数。我们用一个二维数组 $cnt$ 来记录 $\textit{word1}$ 和 $\textit{word2}$ 中字符的配对情况。对于每个字符对 $(a, b)$，如果 $a \neq b$，我们需要检查 $cnt[b][a]$ 是否大于 $0$。如果是，我们可以将其配对，减少一次操作；否则，我们需要增加一次操作，并将 $cnt[a][b]$ 加 $1$。
+
+时间复杂度 $O(n^3 + |\Sigma|^2)$，空间复杂度 $O(n + |\Sigma|^2)$，其中 $n$ 是字符串的长度，而 $|\Sigma|$ 是字符集大小（本题中为 $26$）。
 
 <!-- tabs:start -->
 
@@ -357,6 +367,53 @@ function minOperations(word1: string, word2: string): number {
 }
 ```
 
+#### Rust
+
+```rust
+impl Solution {
+    pub fn min_operations(word1: String, word2: String) -> i32 {
+        let n = word1.len();
+        let word1 = word1.as_bytes();
+        let word2 = word2.as_bytes();
+        let mut f = vec![i32::MAX; n + 1];
+        f[0] = 0;
+
+        for i in 1..=n {
+            for j in 0..i {
+                let a = Self::calc(word1, word2, j, i - 1, false);
+                let b = 1 + Self::calc(word1, word2, j, i - 1, true);
+                let t = a.min(b);
+                f[i] = f[i].min(f[j] + t);
+            }
+        }
+
+        f[n]
+    }
+
+    fn calc(word1: &[u8], word2: &[u8], l: usize, r: usize, rev: bool) -> i32 {
+        let mut cnt = [[0i32; 26]; 26];
+        let mut res = 0;
+
+        for i in l..=r {
+            let j = if rev { r - (i - l) } else { i };
+            let a = (word1[j] - b'a') as usize;
+            let b = (word2[i] - b'a') as usize;
+
+            if a != b {
+                if cnt[b][a] > 0 {
+                    cnt[b][a] -= 1;
+                } else {
+                    cnt[a][b] += 1;
+                    res += 1;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        res
+    }
+}
+```
+
 <!-- tabs:end -->
 
 <!-- solution:end -->

solution/3500-3599/3579.Minimum Steps to Convert String with Operations/README_EN.md

@@ -139,7 +139,17 @@ tags:
 
 <!-- solution:start -->
 
-### Solution 1
+### Solution 1: Greedy + Dynamic Programming
+
+We define $f[i]$ as the minimum number of operations required to convert the first $i$ characters of $\textit{word1}$ to the first $i$ characters of $\textit{word2}$. The answer is $f[n]$, where $n$ is the length of both $\textit{word1}$ and $\textit{word2}$.
+
+We can compute $f[i]$ by enumerating all possible split points. For each split point $j$, we need to calculate the minimum number of operations required to convert $\textit{word1}[j:i]$ to $\textit{word2}[j:i]$.
+
+We can use a helper function $\text{calc}(l, r, \text{rev})$ to compute the minimum number of operations needed to convert $\textit{word1}[l:r]$ to $\textit{word2}[l:r]$, where $\text{rev}$ indicates whether to reverse the substring. Since the result of performing other operations before or after a reversal is the same, we only need to consider not reversing, and reversing once before other operations. Therefore, $f[i] = \min_{j < i} (f[j] + \min(\text{calc}(j, i-1, \text{false}), 1 + \text{calc}(j, i-1, \text{true})))$.
+
+Next, we need to implement the $\text{calc}(l, r, \text{rev})$ function. We use a 2D array $cnt$ to record the pairing status of characters between $\textit{word1}$ and $\textit{word2}$. For each character pair $(a, b)$, if $a \neq b$, we check whether $cnt[b][a] > 0$. If so, we can pair them and reduce one operation; otherwise, we need to add one operation and increment $cnt[a][b]$ by $1$.
+
+The time complexity is $O(n^3 + |\Sigma|^2)$ and the space complexity is $O(n + |\Sigma|^2)$, where $n$ is the length of the string and $|\Sigma|$ is the size of the character set (which is $26$ in this problem).
 
 <!-- tabs:start -->
 
@@ -352,6 +362,53 @@ function minOperations(word1: string, word2: string): number {
 }
 ```
 
+#### Rust
+
+```rust
+impl Solution {
+    pub fn min_operations(word1: String, word2: String) -> i32 {
+        let n = word1.len();
+        let word1 = word1.as_bytes();
+        let word2 = word2.as_bytes();
+        let mut f = vec![i32::MAX; n + 1];
+        f[0] = 0;
+
+        for i in 1..=n {
+            for j in 0..i {
+                let a = Self::calc(word1, word2, j, i - 1, false);
+                let b = 1 + Self::calc(word1, word2, j, i - 1, true);
+                let t = a.min(b);
+                f[i] = f[i].min(f[j] + t);
+            }
+        }
+
+        f[n]
+    }
+
+    fn calc(word1: &[u8], word2: &[u8], l: usize, r: usize, rev: bool) -> i32 {
+        let mut cnt = [[0i32; 26]; 26];
+        let mut res = 0;
+
+        for i in l..=r {
+            let j = if rev { r - (i - l) } else { i };
+            let a = (word1[j] - b'a') as usize;
+            let b = (word2[i] - b'a') as usize;
+
+            if a != b {
+                if cnt[b][a] > 0 {
+                    cnt[b][a] -= 1;
+                } else {
+                    cnt[a][b] += 1;
+                    res += 1;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        res
+    }
+}
+```
+
 <!-- tabs:end -->
 
 <!-- solution:end -->

solution/3500-3599/3579.Minimum Steps to Convert String with Operations/Solution.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+impl Solution {
+    pub fn min_operations(word1: String, word2: String) -> i32 {
+        let n = word1.len();
+        let word1 = word1.as_bytes();
+        let word2 = word2.as_bytes();
+        let mut f = vec![i32::MAX; n + 1];
+        f[0] = 0;
+
+        for i in 1..=n {
+            for j in 0..i {
+                let a = Self::calc(word1, word2, j, i - 1, false);
+                let b = 1 + Self::calc(word1, word2, j, i - 1, true);
+                let t = a.min(b);
+                f[i] = f[i].min(f[j] + t);
+            }
+        }
+
+        f[n]
+    }
+
+    fn calc(word1: &[u8], word2: &[u8], l: usize, r: usize, rev: bool) -> i32 {
+        let mut cnt = [[0i32; 26]; 26];
+        let mut res = 0;
+
+        for i in l..=r {
+            let j = if rev { r - (i - l) } else { i };
+            let a = (word1[j] - b'a') as usize;
+            let b = (word2[i] - b'a') as usize;
+
+            if a != b {
+                if cnt[b][a] > 0 {
+                    cnt[b][a] -= 1;
+                } else {
+                    cnt[a][b] += 1;
+                    res += 1;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        res
+    }
+}