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中等 |
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给定两个字符串 order
和 s
。order
的所有字母都是 唯一 的,并且以前按照一些自定义的顺序排序。
对 s
的字符进行置换,使其与排序的 order
相匹配。更具体地说,如果在 order
中的字符 x
出现字符 y
之前,那么在排列后的字符串中, x
也应该出现在 y
之前。
返回 满足这个性质的 s
的任意一种排列 。
示例 1:
输入: order = "cba", s = "abcd" 输出: "cbad" 解释: "a"、"b"、"c"是按顺序出现的,所以"a"、"b"、"c"的顺序应该是"c"、"b"、"a"。 因为"d"不是按顺序出现的,所以它可以在返回的字符串中的任何位置。"dcba"、"cdba"、"cbda"也是有效的输出。
示例 2:
输入: order = "cbafg", s = "abcd" 输出: "cbad" 解释:字符 "b"、"c" 和 "a" 规定了 s 中字符的顺序。s 中的字符 "d" 没有在 order 中出现,所以它的位置是弹性的。 按照出现的顺序,s 中的 "b"、"c"、"a" 应排列为"b"、"c"、"a"。"d" 可以放在任何位置,因为它没有按顺序排列。输出 "bcad" 遵循这一规则。其他排序如 "dbca" 或 "bcda" 也是有效的,只要维持 "b"、"c"、"a" 的顺序。
提示:
1 <= order.length <= 26
1 <= s.length <= 200
order
和s
由小写英文字母组成order
中的所有字符都 不同
一种比较直接的思路是,用哈希表或数组
时间复杂度
class Solution:
def customSortString(self, order: str, s: str) -> str:
d = {c: i for i, c in enumerate(order)}
return ''.join(sorted(s, key=lambda x: d.get(x, 0)))
class Solution {
public String customSortString(String order, String s) {
int[] d = new int[26];
for (int i = 0; i < order.length(); ++i) {
d[order.charAt(i) - 'a'] = i;
}
List<Character> cs = new ArrayList<>();
for (int i = 0; i < s.length(); ++i) {
cs.add(s.charAt(i));
}
cs.sort((a, b) -> d[a - 'a'] - d[b - 'a']);
return cs.stream().map(String::valueOf).collect(Collectors.joining());
}
}
class Solution {
public:
string customSortString(string order, string s) {
int d[26] = {0};
for (int i = 0; i < order.size(); ++i) d[order[i] - 'a'] = i;
sort(s.begin(), s.end(), [&](auto a, auto b) { return d[a - 'a'] < d[b - 'a']; });
return s;
}
};
func customSortString(order string, s string) string {
d := [26]int{}
for i := range order {
d[order[i]-'a'] = i
}
cs := []byte(s)
sort.Slice(cs, func(i, j int) bool { return d[cs[i]-'a'] < d[cs[j]-'a'] })
return string(cs)
}
function customSortString(order: string, s: string): string {
const toIndex = (c: string) => c.charCodeAt(0) - 'a'.charCodeAt(0);
const n = order.length;
const d = new Array(26).fill(n);
for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) {
d[toIndex(order[i])] = i;
}
return [...s].sort((a, b) => d[toIndex(a)] - d[toIndex(b)]).join('');
}
impl Solution {
pub fn custom_sort_string(order: String, s: String) -> String {
let n = order.len();
let mut d = [n; 26];
for (i, c) in order.as_bytes().iter().enumerate() {
d[(c - b'a') as usize] = i;
}
let mut ans = s.chars().collect::<Vec<_>>();
ans.sort_by(|&a, &b| {
d[((a as u8) - ('a' as u8)) as usize].cmp(&d[((b as u8) - ('a' as u8)) as usize])
});
ans.into_iter().collect()
}
}
我们还可以先统计
然后把字符串
时间复杂度
class Solution:
def customSortString(self, order: str, s: str) -> str:
cnt = Counter(s)
ans = []
for c in order:
ans.append(c * cnt[c])
cnt[c] = 0
for c, v in cnt.items():
ans.append(c * v)
return ''.join(ans)
class Solution {
public String customSortString(String order, String s) {
int[] cnt = new int[26];
for (int i = 0; i < s.length(); ++i) {
++cnt[s.charAt(i) - 'a'];
}
StringBuilder ans = new StringBuilder();
for (int i = 0; i < order.length(); ++i) {
char c = order.charAt(i);
while (cnt[c - 'a']-- > 0) {
ans.append(c);
}
}
for (int i = 0; i < 26; ++i) {
while (cnt[i]-- > 0) {
ans.append((char) ('a' + i));
}
}
return ans.toString();
}
}
class Solution {
public:
string customSortString(string order, string s) {
int cnt[26] = {0};
for (char& c : s) ++cnt[c - 'a'];
string ans;
for (char& c : order)
while (cnt[c - 'a']-- > 0) ans += c;
for (int i = 0; i < 26; ++i)
if (cnt[i] > 0) ans += string(cnt[i], i + 'a');
return ans;
}
};
func customSortString(order string, s string) string {
cnt := [26]int{}
for _, c := range s {
cnt[c-'a']++
}
ans := []rune{}
for _, c := range order {
for cnt[c-'a'] > 0 {
ans = append(ans, c)
cnt[c-'a']--
}
}
for i, v := range cnt {
for j := 0; j < v; j++ {
ans = append(ans, rune('a'+i))
}
}
return string(ans)
}
function customSortString(order: string, s: string): string {
const toIndex = (c: string) => c.charCodeAt(0) - 'a'.charCodeAt(0);
const count = new Array(26).fill(0);
for (const c of s) {
count[toIndex(c)]++;
}
const ans: string[] = [];
for (const c of order) {
const i = toIndex(c);
ans.push(c.repeat(count[i]));
count[i] = 0;
}
for (let i = 0; i < 26; i++) {
if (!count[i]) continue;
ans.push(String.fromCharCode('a'.charCodeAt(0) + i).repeat(count[i]));
}
return ans.join('');
}
impl Solution {
pub fn custom_sort_string(order: String, s: String) -> String {
let mut count = [0; 26];
for c in s.as_bytes() {
count[(c - b'a') as usize] += 1;
}
let mut ans = String::new();
for c in order.as_bytes() {
for _ in 0..count[(c - b'a') as usize] {
ans.push(char::from(*c));
}
count[(c - b'a') as usize] = 0;
}
for i in 0..count.len() {
for _ in 0..count[i] {
ans.push(char::from(b'a' + (i as u8)));
}
}
ans
}
}