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13_EM_spectrum.html
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<p class="head">Electromagnetic spectrum</p>
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<p>The electromagnetic spectrum is complete range of all types of <a target="frameterms" class="ref" href="https://cvertan.github.io/physics4dh.github.io/12_EM_radiation.html">electromagnetic radiation</a> from the shortest waves (<a target="frameterms" class="ref" href="https://cvertan.github.io/physics4dh.github.io/24_gamma.html">gamma rays</a>) to the longest (<a target="frameterms" class="ref" href="https://cvertan.github.io/physics4dh.github.io/16_Radio_waves.html">radio waves</a>).</p>
<p>The electromagnetic radiation is classified by <a target="frameterms" class="ref" href="https://cvertan.github.io/physics4dh.github.io/15_Wave.html">wavelength</a> into types. <a target="frameterms" class="ref" href="https://cvertan.github.io/physics4dh.github.io/16_Radio_waves.html">Radio waves</a>, <a target="frameterms" class="ref" href="https://cvertan.github.io/physics4dh.github.io/17_Microwaves.html">microwaves</a>,
<a target="frameterms" class="ref" href="https://cvertan.github.io/physics4dh.github.io/10_infrared%20light.html">infrared</a> rays,
<a target="frameterms" class="ref" href="https://cvertan.github.io/physics4dh.github.io/18_visible_light.html">visible</a> light, <a target="frameterms" class="ref" href="https://cvertan.github.io/physics4dh.github.io/11_ultraviolet.html">ultraviolet</a> rays,
<a target="frameterms" class="ref" href="https://cvertan.github.io/physics4dh.github.io/21_X-ray.html">X-rays</a>, and
<a target="frameterms" class="ref" href="https://cvertan.github.io/physics4dh.github.io/24_gamma.html">gamma-rays</a> are all types of electromagnetic radiation. All of them have different properties due to different values of wavelengths, <a target="frameterms" class="ref" href="https://cvertan.github.io/physics4dh.github.io/15_Wave.html">frequencies</a> and <a target="frameterms" class="ref" href="https://cvertan.github.io/physics4dh.github.io/3_Photon%20energy.html">photon energies</a>. The division into types is conditional, so that the spectral regions of different types of radiation overlap somewhat with each other.</p>
<p>The electromagnetic spectrum represents extremely large range of frequency and wavelengths values together with positions and names of various parts of electromagnetic spectrum. Going from low frequencies of radio waves (less than 10<a class ="super">8</a> Hz) to those of visible light (around 10<a class ="super">15</a> Hz) represents increase in frequency by a factor of a billion. Similar is going from the frequency values of ultraviolet light (around 10<a class ="super">16</a> Hz) to the very much higher ones of gamma rays (more than 10<a class ="super">19</a> Hz).</p>
<p>In spectroscopy, a spectrum shows how much <a target="frameterms" class="ref" href="https://cvertan.github.io/physics4dh.github.io/1_Light.html">light</a> at certain wavelength is <a target="frameterms" class="ref" href="https://cvertan.github.io/physics4dh.github.io/8_Emission.html">emmitted</a>, <a target="frameterms" class="ref" href="https://cvertan.github.io/physics4dh.github.io/23_Reflection.html">reflected</a> or <a target="frameterms" class="ref" href="https://cvertan.github.io/physics4dh.github.io/31_Transmission.html">transmitted</a> from the object. Correspondingly, there are emission, reflectance and transmission spectra of the object. Just like a fingerprint can be used to identify a person, the spectrum can be used to identify material.</p>
<p>To split the incoming light into a spectrum, a <a target="frameterms" class="ref" href="https://cvertan.github.io/physics4dh.github.io/27_Spectrometer.html">spectrometer</a> is used.</p>
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<div class="desc">Electromagnetic spectrum. (NASA diagram)</div>
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<img src="Figures/Simple%20EMS.jpg" >
<div class="desc">Types of electromagnetic radiation. Image source: <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-n1oofkvrMc" target="_blank">Bulbs.com</a> </div>
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<p><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m4t7gTmBK3g" target="_blank">Video on the subject</a></p>
<p><a href="https://smd-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/science-pink/s3fs-public/thumbnails/image/EMS-Introduction_0.jpeg" target="_blank">Electromagnetic spectrum detailed (NASA)</a></p>
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