diff --git a/cursorless-talon/src/spoken_forms.py b/cursorless-talon/src/spoken_forms.py
index 30ad16498df..6d8f4a7519b 100644
--- a/cursorless-talon/src/spoken_forms.py
+++ b/cursorless-talon/src/spoken_forms.py
@@ -115,7 +115,11 @@ def handle_new_values(csv_name: str, values: list[SpokenFormEntry]):
     )
 
     disposables = [
-        handle_csv("actions.csv"),
+        handle_csv(
+            "actions.csv",
+            extra_allowed_values=["private.setImplicitTarget"],
+            default_list_name="simple_action",
+        ),
         handle_csv("target_connectives.csv"),
         handle_csv("modifiers.csv"),
         handle_csv("positions.csv"),
diff --git a/packages/common/src/StoredTargetKey.ts b/packages/common/src/StoredTargetKey.ts
index 8836191149d..a2566f2b94d 100644
--- a/packages/common/src/StoredTargetKey.ts
+++ b/packages/common/src/StoredTargetKey.ts
@@ -2,5 +2,6 @@ export const storedTargetKeys = [
   "that",
   "source",
   "instanceReference",
+  "implicit",
 ] as const;
 export type StoredTargetKey = (typeof storedTargetKeys)[number];
diff --git a/packages/common/src/testUtil/TestCaseSnapshot.ts b/packages/common/src/testUtil/TestCaseSnapshot.ts
index 56bf57227bb..cb8690914c8 100644
--- a/packages/common/src/testUtil/TestCaseSnapshot.ts
+++ b/packages/common/src/testUtil/TestCaseSnapshot.ts
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+import { StoredTargetKey } from "../StoredTargetKey";
 import {
   RangePlainObject,
   SelectionPlainObject,
@@ -5,7 +6,11 @@ import {
   TargetPlainObject,
 } from "../util/toPlainObject";
 
-export type TestCaseSnapshot = {
+type MarkKeys = {
+  [K in `${StoredTargetKey}Mark`]?: TargetPlainObject[];
+};
+
+export interface TestCaseSnapshot extends MarkKeys {
   documentContents: string;
   selections: SelectionPlainObject[];
   clipboard?: string;
@@ -13,17 +18,13 @@ export type TestCaseSnapshot = {
   // https://github.com/cursorless-dev/cursorless/issues/160
   visibleRanges?: RangePlainObject[];
   marks?: SerializedMarks;
-  thatMark?: TargetPlainObject[];
-  sourceMark?: TargetPlainObject[];
-  instanceReferenceMark?: TargetPlainObject[];
   timeOffsetSeconds?: number;
 
   /**
    * Extra information about the snapshot. Must be json serializable
    */
   metadata?: unknown;
-};
-
+}
 export type ExtraSnapshotField = keyof TestCaseSnapshot;
 export type ExcludableSnapshotField = keyof TestCaseSnapshot;
 
diff --git a/packages/common/src/types/command/ActionDescriptor.ts b/packages/common/src/types/command/ActionDescriptor.ts
index a2384f75f1e..994251c8036 100644
--- a/packages/common/src/types/command/ActionDescriptor.ts
+++ b/packages/common/src/types/command/ActionDescriptor.ts
@@ -49,6 +49,7 @@ const simpleActionNames = [
   "toggleLineBreakpoint",
   "toggleLineComment",
   "unfoldRegion",
+  "private.setImplicitTarget",
   "private.showParseTree",
   "private.getTargets",
 ] as const;
diff --git a/packages/cursorless-engine/src/CommandHistory.ts b/packages/cursorless-engine/src/CommandHistory.ts
index dd7c969121a..a265a9b8ad1 100644
--- a/packages/cursorless-engine/src/CommandHistory.ts
+++ b/packages/cursorless-engine/src/CommandHistory.ts
@@ -194,6 +194,7 @@ function sanitizeActionInPlace(action: ActionDescriptor): void {
     case "swapTargets":
     case "wrapWithPairedDelimiter":
     case "findInDocument":
+    case "private.setImplicitTarget":
       break;
 
     default: {
diff --git a/packages/cursorless-engine/src/actions/Actions.ts b/packages/cursorless-engine/src/actions/Actions.ts
index c06c40ce90a..3d272ecdb04 100644
--- a/packages/cursorless-engine/src/actions/Actions.ts
+++ b/packages/cursorless-engine/src/actions/Actions.ts
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ import Remove from "./Remove";
 import Replace from "./Replace";
 import Rewrap from "./Rewrap";
 import { ScrollToBottom, ScrollToCenter, ScrollToTop } from "./Scroll";
-import { SetInstanceReference } from "./SetInstanceReference";
+import { SetSpecialTarget } from "./SetSpecialTarget";
 import {
   SetSelection,
   SetSelectionAfter,
@@ -134,7 +134,10 @@ export class Actions implements ActionRecord {
   scrollToBottom = new ScrollToBottom();
   scrollToCenter = new ScrollToCenter();
   scrollToTop = new ScrollToTop();
-  ["experimental.setInstanceReference"] = new SetInstanceReference();
+  ["private.setImplicitTarget"] = new SetSpecialTarget("implicit");
+  ["experimental.setInstanceReference"] = new SetSpecialTarget(
+    "instanceReference",
+  );
   setSelection = new SetSelection();
   setSelectionAfter = new SetSelectionAfter();
   setSelectionBefore = new SetSelectionBefore();
diff --git a/packages/cursorless-engine/src/actions/SetInstanceReference.ts b/packages/cursorless-engine/src/actions/SetSpecialTarget.ts
similarity index 54%
rename from packages/cursorless-engine/src/actions/SetInstanceReference.ts
rename to packages/cursorless-engine/src/actions/SetSpecialTarget.ts
index da2617b2ae1..a7c64cc71c6 100644
--- a/packages/cursorless-engine/src/actions/SetInstanceReference.ts
+++ b/packages/cursorless-engine/src/actions/SetSpecialTarget.ts
@@ -1,15 +1,18 @@
+import { StoredTargetKey } from "@cursorless/common";
 import { Target } from "../typings/target.types";
 import { SimpleAction, ActionReturnValue } from "./actions.types";
 
-export class SetInstanceReference implements SimpleAction {
-  constructor() {
+export class SetSpecialTarget implements SimpleAction {
+  noAutomaticTokenExpansion = true;
+
+  constructor(private key: StoredTargetKey) {
     this.run = this.run.bind(this);
   }
 
   async run(targets: Target[]): Promise<ActionReturnValue> {
     return {
       thatTargets: targets,
-      instanceReferenceTargets: targets,
+      [`${this.key}Targets`]: targets,
     };
   }
 }
diff --git a/packages/cursorless-engine/src/actions/actions.types.ts b/packages/cursorless-engine/src/actions/actions.types.ts
index 560c3bdb354..f81ded7677d 100644
--- a/packages/cursorless-engine/src/actions/actions.types.ts
+++ b/packages/cursorless-engine/src/actions/actions.types.ts
@@ -52,6 +52,11 @@ export interface ActionReturnValue {
    * to determine either the range for "every", or the start point for "next"
    */
   instanceReferenceTargets?: Target[];
+
+  /**
+   * A list of targets that become the start of the pipeline when the mark is ommitted.
+   */
+  implicitTargets?: Target[];
 }
 
 export interface SimpleAction {
@@ -62,6 +67,13 @@ export interface SimpleAction {
    * @param args Extra args to command
    */
   getFinalStages?(): ModifierStage[];
+
+  /**
+   * If `true`, don't perform automatic token expansion for "<action> this" with
+   * empty cursor. Used for actions like `setImplicitTarget` that are just
+   * loading up the pipeline.
+   */
+  noAutomaticTokenExpansion?: boolean;
 }
 
 /**
diff --git a/packages/cursorless-engine/src/core/commandRunner/CommandRunnerImpl.ts b/packages/cursorless-engine/src/core/commandRunner/CommandRunnerImpl.ts
index 90a7ce9a0b9..c76902f6dd5 100644
--- a/packages/cursorless-engine/src/core/commandRunner/CommandRunnerImpl.ts
+++ b/packages/cursorless-engine/src/core/commandRunner/CommandRunnerImpl.ts
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ import { selectionToStoredTarget } from "./selectionToStoredTarget";
 export class CommandRunnerImpl implements CommandRunner {
   private inferenceContext: InferenceContext;
   private finalStages: ModifierStage[] = [];
+  private noAutomaticTokenExpansion: boolean | undefined;
 
   constructor(
     private debug: Debug,
@@ -53,6 +54,7 @@ export class CommandRunnerImpl implements CommandRunner {
       sourceSelections: newSourceSelections,
       sourceTargets: newSourceTargets,
       instanceReferenceTargets: newInstanceReferenceTargets,
+      implicitTargets: newImplicitTargets,
     } = await this.runAction(action);
 
     this.storedTargets.set(
@@ -64,6 +66,7 @@ export class CommandRunnerImpl implements CommandRunner {
       constructStoredTarget(newSourceTargets, newSourceSelections),
     );
     this.storedTargets.set("instanceReference", newInstanceReferenceTargets);
+    this.storedTargets.set("implicit", newImplicitTargets);
 
     return returnValue;
   }
@@ -179,6 +182,8 @@ export class CommandRunnerImpl implements CommandRunner {
       default: {
         const action = this.actions[actionDescriptor.name];
         this.finalStages = action.getFinalStages?.() ?? [];
+        this.noAutomaticTokenExpansion =
+          action.noAutomaticTokenExpansion ?? false;
         return action.run(this.getTargets(actionDescriptor.target));
       }
     }
@@ -191,7 +196,10 @@ export class CommandRunnerImpl implements CommandRunner {
       partialTargetsDescriptor,
     );
 
-    return this.pipelineRunner.run(targetDescriptor, this.finalStages);
+    return this.pipelineRunner.run(targetDescriptor, {
+      actionFinalStages: this.finalStages,
+      noAutomaticTokenExpansion: this.noAutomaticTokenExpansion,
+    });
   }
 
   private getDestinations(
diff --git a/packages/cursorless-engine/src/core/inferFullTargetDescriptor.ts b/packages/cursorless-engine/src/core/inferFullTargetDescriptor.ts
index 25248c4d1e5..578d4db5c7f 100644
--- a/packages/cursorless-engine/src/core/inferFullTargetDescriptor.ts
+++ b/packages/cursorless-engine/src/core/inferFullTargetDescriptor.ts
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ function inferPrimitiveTarget(
     (shouldInferPreviousMark(target)
       ? getPreviousMark(previousTargets)
       : null) ?? {
-      type: "cursor",
+      type: "implicit",
     };
 
   const modifiers =
diff --git a/packages/cursorless-engine/src/generateSpokenForm/defaultSpokenForms/actions.ts b/packages/cursorless-engine/src/generateSpokenForm/defaultSpokenForms/actions.ts
index efd29ec7349..45bd715c632 100644
--- a/packages/cursorless-engine/src/generateSpokenForm/defaultSpokenForms/actions.ts
+++ b/packages/cursorless-engine/src/generateSpokenForm/defaultSpokenForms/actions.ts
@@ -58,6 +58,7 @@ export const actions = {
   joinLines: "join",
 
   ["private.showParseTree"]: "parse tree",
+  ["private.setImplicitTarget"]: "implicit",
   ["experimental.setInstanceReference"]: "from",
 
   editNew: null,
diff --git a/packages/cursorless-engine/src/processTargets/MarkStageFactory.ts b/packages/cursorless-engine/src/processTargets/MarkStageFactory.ts
index 710ef6e72f5..113b170d109 100644
--- a/packages/cursorless-engine/src/processTargets/MarkStageFactory.ts
+++ b/packages/cursorless-engine/src/processTargets/MarkStageFactory.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,11 @@
 import { Mark } from "../typings/TargetDescriptor";
 import { MarkStage } from "./PipelineStages.types";
 
+export interface MarkStageFactoryOpts {
+  /** If there is an `instance` modifier downstream in the pipeline */
+  isForInstance: boolean;
+}
+
 export interface MarkStageFactory {
-  create(mark: Mark): MarkStage;
+  create(mark: Mark, opts: MarkStageFactoryOpts): MarkStage;
 }
diff --git a/packages/cursorless-engine/src/processTargets/MarkStageFactoryImpl.ts b/packages/cursorless-engine/src/processTargets/MarkStageFactoryImpl.ts
index eca5fa94f2c..0afac392b72 100644
--- a/packages/cursorless-engine/src/processTargets/MarkStageFactoryImpl.ts
+++ b/packages/cursorless-engine/src/processTargets/MarkStageFactoryImpl.ts
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ import { ReadOnlyHatMap } from "@cursorless/common";
 import { TargetPipelineRunner } from ".";
 import { StoredTargetMap } from "..";
 import { Mark } from "../typings/TargetDescriptor";
-import { MarkStageFactory } from "./MarkStageFactory";
+import { MarkStageFactory, MarkStageFactoryOpts } from "./MarkStageFactory";
 import { MarkStage } from "./PipelineStages.types";
 import { CursorStage } from "./marks/CursorStage";
 import { DecoratedSymbolStage } from "./marks/DecoratedSymbolStage";
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ import { NothingStage } from "./marks/NothingStage";
 import { RangeMarkStage } from "./marks/RangeMarkStage";
 import { StoredTargetStage } from "./marks/StoredTargetStage";
 import { TargetMarkStage } from "./marks/TargetMarkStage";
+import { ImplicitMarkStage } from "./marks/ImplicitMarkStage";
 
 export class MarkStageFactoryImpl implements MarkStageFactory {
   private targetPipelineRunner!: TargetPipelineRunner;
@@ -27,10 +28,12 @@ export class MarkStageFactoryImpl implements MarkStageFactory {
     this.create = this.create.bind(this);
   }
 
-  create(mark: Mark): MarkStage {
+  create(mark: Mark, opts: MarkStageFactoryOpts): MarkStage {
     switch (mark.type) {
       case "cursor":
         return new CursorStage(mark);
+      case "implicit":
+        return new ImplicitMarkStage(this, opts, this.storedTargets);
       case "that":
       case "source":
         return new StoredTargetStage(this.storedTargets, mark.type);
@@ -39,7 +42,7 @@ export class MarkStageFactoryImpl implements MarkStageFactory {
       case "lineNumber":
         return new LineNumberStage(mark);
       case "range":
-        return new RangeMarkStage(this, mark);
+        return new RangeMarkStage(this, opts, mark);
       case "nothing":
         return new NothingStage(mark);
       case "target":
diff --git a/packages/cursorless-engine/src/processTargets/TargetPipelineRunner.ts b/packages/cursorless-engine/src/processTargets/TargetPipelineRunner.ts
index 86f7647244f..c5940a5ce5d 100644
--- a/packages/cursorless-engine/src/processTargets/TargetPipelineRunner.ts
+++ b/packages/cursorless-engine/src/processTargets/TargetPipelineRunner.ts
@@ -21,6 +21,11 @@ import { ImplicitStage } from "./marks/ImplicitStage";
 import { ContainingTokenIfUntypedEmptyStage } from "./modifiers/ConditionalModifierStages";
 import { PlainTarget } from "./targets";
 
+interface TargetPipelineRunnerOpts {
+  actionFinalStages?: ModifierStage[];
+  noAutomaticTokenExpansion?: boolean;
+}
+
 export class TargetPipelineRunner {
   constructor(
     private modifierStageFactory: ModifierStageFactory,
@@ -40,12 +45,18 @@ export class TargetPipelineRunner {
    * document containing it, and potentially rich context information such as
    * how to remove the target
    */
-  run(target: TargetDescriptor, actionFinalStages?: ModifierStage[]): Target[] {
+  run(
+    target: TargetDescriptor,
+    {
+      actionFinalStages = [],
+      noAutomaticTokenExpansion = false,
+    }: TargetPipelineRunnerOpts = {},
+  ): Target[] {
     return new TargetPipeline(
       this.modifierStageFactory,
       this.markStageFactory,
       target,
-      actionFinalStages ?? [],
+      { actionFinalStages, noAutomaticTokenExpansion },
     ).run();
   }
 }
@@ -55,7 +66,7 @@ class TargetPipeline {
     private modifierStageFactory: ModifierStageFactory,
     private markStageFactory: MarkStageFactory,
     private target: TargetDescriptor,
-    private actionFinalStages: ModifierStage[],
+    private opts: Required<TargetPipelineRunnerOpts>,
   ) {}
 
   /**
@@ -203,7 +214,9 @@ class TargetPipeline {
       markStage = new ImplicitStage();
       targetModifierStages = [];
     } else {
-      markStage = this.markStageFactory.create(targetDescriptor.mark);
+      markStage = this.markStageFactory.create(targetDescriptor.mark, {
+        isForInstance: targetDescriptor.modifiers.some(isInstanceModifier),
+      });
       targetModifierStages = getModifierStagesFromTargetModifiers(
         this.modifierStageFactory,
         targetDescriptor.modifiers,
@@ -218,11 +231,13 @@ class TargetPipeline {
      */
     const modifierStages = [
       ...targetModifierStages,
-      ...this.actionFinalStages,
+      ...this.opts.actionFinalStages,
 
       // This performs auto-expansion to token when you say eg "take this" with an
       // empty selection
-      new ContainingTokenIfUntypedEmptyStage(this.modifierStageFactory),
+      ...(this.opts.noAutomaticTokenExpansion
+        ? []
+        : [new ContainingTokenIfUntypedEmptyStage(this.modifierStageFactory)]),
     ];
 
     // Run all targets through the modifier stages
@@ -368,3 +383,14 @@ function targetsToVerticalTarget(
     }
   }
 }
+
+function isInstanceModifier(modifier: Modifier): boolean {
+  switch (modifier.type) {
+    case "everyScope":
+    case "ordinalScope":
+    case "relativeScope":
+      return modifier.scopeType.type === "instance";
+    default:
+      return false;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/packages/cursorless-engine/src/processTargets/marks/ImplicitMarkStage.ts b/packages/cursorless-engine/src/processTargets/marks/ImplicitMarkStage.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..d948d84a998
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/cursorless-engine/src/processTargets/marks/ImplicitMarkStage.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+import type { Target } from "../../typings/target.types";
+import type { MarkStage } from "../PipelineStages.types";
+import { MarkStageFactory, MarkStageFactoryOpts } from "../MarkStageFactory";
+import { StoredTargetMap } from "../..";
+
+export class ImplicitMarkStage implements MarkStage {
+  private cursorMarkStage: MarkStage;
+
+  constructor(
+    markStageFactory: MarkStageFactory,
+    private opts: MarkStageFactoryOpts,
+    private storedTargets: StoredTargetMap,
+  ) {
+    this.cursorMarkStage = markStageFactory.create(
+      { type: "cursor" },
+      { isForInstance: this.opts.isForInstance },
+    );
+  }
+
+  run(): Target[] {
+    if (this.opts.isForInstance) {
+      return this.cursorMarkStage.run();
+    }
+
+    return this.storedTargets.get("implicit") ?? this.cursorMarkStage.run();
+  }
+}
diff --git a/packages/cursorless-engine/src/processTargets/marks/RangeMarkStage.ts b/packages/cursorless-engine/src/processTargets/marks/RangeMarkStage.ts
index 4758b045ccf..332bd531bb5 100644
--- a/packages/cursorless-engine/src/processTargets/marks/RangeMarkStage.ts
+++ b/packages/cursorless-engine/src/processTargets/marks/RangeMarkStage.ts
@@ -1,18 +1,25 @@
 import { RangeMark } from "@cursorless/common";
 import { Target } from "../../typings/target.types";
-import { MarkStageFactory } from "../MarkStageFactory";
+import { MarkStageFactory, MarkStageFactoryOpts } from "../MarkStageFactory";
 import { MarkStage } from "../PipelineStages.types";
 import { targetsToContinuousTarget } from "../TargetPipelineRunner";
 
 export class RangeMarkStage implements MarkStage {
   constructor(
     private markStageFactory: MarkStageFactory,
+    private opts: MarkStageFactoryOpts,
     private mark: RangeMark,
   ) {}
 
   run(): Target[] {
-    const anchorStage = this.markStageFactory.create(this.mark.anchor);
-    const activeStage = this.markStageFactory.create(this.mark.active);
+    const anchorStage = this.markStageFactory.create(
+      this.mark.anchor,
+      this.opts,
+    );
+    const activeStage = this.markStageFactory.create(
+      this.mark.active,
+      this.opts,
+    );
     const anchorTargets = anchorStage.run();
     const activeTargets = activeStage.run();
 
diff --git a/packages/cursorless-engine/src/processTargets/modifiers/InstanceStage.ts b/packages/cursorless-engine/src/processTargets/modifiers/InstanceStage.ts
index 156819c7c8c..8dda1c03946 100644
--- a/packages/cursorless-engine/src/processTargets/modifiers/InstanceStage.ts
+++ b/packages/cursorless-engine/src/processTargets/modifiers/InstanceStage.ts
@@ -75,9 +75,7 @@ export class InstanceStage implements ModifierStage {
     target: Target,
     { direction, offset, length }: RelativeScopeModifier,
   ): Target[] {
-    const referenceTargets = this.storedTargets.get("instanceReference") ?? [
-      target,
-    ];
+    const referenceTargets = this.getStoredTargets() ?? [target];
 
     return referenceTargets.flatMap((referenceTarget) => {
       const { editor } = referenceTarget;
@@ -104,14 +102,20 @@ export class InstanceStage implements ModifierStage {
     });
   }
 
+  private getStoredTargets() {
+    return (
+      this.storedTargets.get("instanceReference") ??
+      this.storedTargets.get("implicit")
+    );
+  }
+
   private getEveryRanges({
     editor: targetEditor,
   }: Target): readonly (readonly [TextEditor, Range])[] {
     return (
-      this.storedTargets
-        .get("instanceReference")
-        ?.map(({ editor, contentRange }) => [editor, contentRange] as const) ??
-      ([[targetEditor, targetEditor.document.range]] as const)
+      this.getStoredTargets()?.map(
+        ({ editor, contentRange }) => [editor, contentRange] as const,
+      ) ?? ([[targetEditor, targetEditor.document.range]] as const)
     );
   }
 
diff --git a/packages/cursorless-engine/src/testUtil/takeSnapshot.ts b/packages/cursorless-engine/src/testUtil/takeSnapshot.ts
index d4b6286cebe..f55c7e9aece 100644
--- a/packages/cursorless-engine/src/testUtil/takeSnapshot.ts
+++ b/packages/cursorless-engine/src/testUtil/takeSnapshot.ts
@@ -11,7 +11,8 @@ import {
   TestCaseSnapshot,
   TextEditor,
 } from "@cursorless/common";
-import type { StoredTargetMap } from "../core/StoredTargets";
+import { type StoredTargetMap } from "../core/StoredTargets";
+import { storedTargetKeys } from "@cursorless/common";
 
 export async function takeSnapshot(
   storedTargets: StoredTargetMap | undefined,
@@ -45,26 +46,12 @@ export async function takeSnapshot(
     snapshot.visibleRanges = editor.visibleRanges.map(rangeToPlainObject);
   }
 
-  const thatMarkTargets = storedTargets?.get("that");
-  if (thatMarkTargets != null && !excludeFields.includes("thatMark")) {
-    snapshot.thatMark = thatMarkTargets.map((target) => target.toPlainObject());
-  }
-
-  const sourceMarkTargets = storedTargets?.get("source");
-  if (sourceMarkTargets != null && !excludeFields.includes("sourceMark")) {
-    snapshot.sourceMark = sourceMarkTargets.map((target) =>
-      target.toPlainObject(),
-    );
-  }
-
-  const instanceReferenceMarkTargets = storedTargets?.get("instanceReference");
-  if (
-    instanceReferenceMarkTargets != null &&
-    !excludeFields.includes("instanceReferenceMark")
-  ) {
-    snapshot.instanceReferenceMark = instanceReferenceMarkTargets.map(
-      (target) => target.toPlainObject(),
-    );
+  for (const storedTargetKey of storedTargetKeys) {
+    const targets = storedTargets?.get(storedTargetKey);
+    const key = `${storedTargetKey}Mark` as const;
+    if (targets != null && !excludeFields.includes(key)) {
+      snapshot[key] = targets.map((target) => target.toPlainObject());
+    }
   }
 
   if (extraFields.includes("timeOffsetSeconds")) {
diff --git a/packages/cursorless-engine/src/typings/TargetDescriptor.ts b/packages/cursorless-engine/src/typings/TargetDescriptor.ts
index bcf96035fab..920e7137ac3 100644
--- a/packages/cursorless-engine/src/typings/TargetDescriptor.ts
+++ b/packages/cursorless-engine/src/typings/TargetDescriptor.ts
@@ -6,7 +6,11 @@ import {
   ScopeType,
 } from "@cursorless/common";
 
-export type Mark = PartialMark | TargetMark;
+export interface ImplicitMark {
+  type: "implicit";
+}
+
+export type Mark = PartialMark | TargetMark | ImplicitMark;
 
 export interface PrimitiveTargetDescriptor {
   type: "primitive";
diff --git a/packages/cursorless-vscode-e2e/src/suite/fixtures/recorded/actions/activeLine.yml b/packages/cursorless-vscode-e2e/src/suite/fixtures/recorded/actions/activeLine.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a71ece65948
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/cursorless-vscode-e2e/src/suite/fixtures/recorded/actions/activeLine.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+languageId: plaintext
+command:
+  version: 6
+  spokenForm: implicit line
+  action:
+    name: private.setImplicitTarget
+    target:
+      type: primitive
+      modifiers:
+        - type: containingScope
+          scopeType: {type: line}
+  usePrePhraseSnapshot: true
+initialState:
+  documentContents: |-
+    aaa bbb aaa
+    aaa
+  selections:
+    - anchor: {line: 0, character: 3}
+      active: {line: 0, character: 3}
+  marks: {}
+finalState:
+  documentContents: |-
+    aaa bbb aaa
+    aaa
+  selections:
+    - anchor: {line: 0, character: 3}
+      active: {line: 0, character: 3}
+  thatMark:
+    - type: LineTarget
+      contentRange:
+        start: {line: 0, character: 0}
+        end: {line: 0, character: 11}
+      isReversed: false
+      hasExplicitRange: true
+  implicitMark:
+    - type: LineTarget
+      contentRange:
+        start: {line: 0, character: 0}
+        end: {line: 0, character: 11}
+      isReversed: false
+      hasExplicitRange: true
diff --git a/packages/cursorless-vscode-e2e/src/suite/fixtures/recorded/actions/activeThis.yml b/packages/cursorless-vscode-e2e/src/suite/fixtures/recorded/actions/activeThis.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..ea444a6d8c8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/cursorless-vscode-e2e/src/suite/fixtures/recorded/actions/activeThis.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+languageId: plaintext
+command:
+  version: 6
+  spokenForm: implicit this
+  action:
+    name: private.setImplicitTarget
+    target:
+      type: primitive
+      mark: {type: cursor}
+  usePrePhraseSnapshot: true
+initialState:
+  documentContents: aaa bbb
+  selections:
+    - anchor: {line: 0, character: 7}
+      active: {line: 0, character: 7}
+  marks: {}
+finalState:
+  documentContents: aaa bbb
+  selections:
+    - anchor: {line: 0, character: 7}
+      active: {line: 0, character: 7}
+  thatMark:
+    - type: UntypedTarget
+      contentRange:
+        start: {line: 0, character: 7}
+        end: {line: 0, character: 7}
+      isReversed: false
+      hasExplicitRange: false
+  implicitMark:
+    - type: UntypedTarget
+      contentRange:
+        start: {line: 0, character: 7}
+        end: {line: 0, character: 7}
+      isReversed: false
+      hasExplicitRange: false
diff --git a/packages/cursorless-vscode-e2e/src/suite/fixtures/recorded/actions/changeNextInstanceChar.yml b/packages/cursorless-vscode-e2e/src/suite/fixtures/recorded/actions/changeNextInstanceChar.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..ce81a4e812f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/cursorless-vscode-e2e/src/suite/fixtures/recorded/actions/changeNextInstanceChar.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+languageId: plaintext
+command:
+  version: 6
+  spokenForm: change next instance char
+  action:
+    name: clearAndSetSelection
+    target:
+      type: primitive
+      modifiers:
+        - type: relativeScope
+          scopeType: {type: instance}
+          offset: 1
+          length: 1
+          direction: forward
+        - type: containingScope
+          scopeType: {type: character}
+  usePrePhraseSnapshot: true
+initialState:
+  documentContents: aba aaa
+  selections:
+    - anchor: {line: 0, character: 0}
+      active: {line: 0, character: 0}
+  marks: {}
+  instanceReferenceMark:
+    - type: UntypedTarget
+      contentRange:
+        start: {line: 0, character: 0}
+        end: {line: 0, character: 0}
+      isReversed: false
+      hasExplicitRange: false
+finalState:
+  documentContents: ba aaa
+  selections:
+    - anchor: {line: 0, character: 0}
+      active: {line: 0, character: 0}
+  thatMark:
+    - type: RawSelectionTarget
+      contentRange:
+        start: {line: 0, character: 0}
+        end: {line: 0, character: 0}
+      isReversed: false
+      hasExplicitRange: true
diff --git a/packages/cursorless-vscode-e2e/src/suite/fixtures/recorded/actions/changePreviousChar.yml b/packages/cursorless-vscode-e2e/src/suite/fixtures/recorded/actions/changePreviousChar.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..6aad605b423
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/cursorless-vscode-e2e/src/suite/fixtures/recorded/actions/changePreviousChar.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+languageId: plaintext
+command:
+  version: 6
+  spokenForm: change previous char
+  action:
+    name: clearAndSetSelection
+    target:
+      type: primitive
+      modifiers:
+        - type: relativeScope
+          scopeType: {type: character}
+          offset: 1
+          length: 1
+          direction: backward
+  usePrePhraseSnapshot: true
+initialState:
+  documentContents: aaa bbb
+  selections:
+    - anchor: {line: 0, character: 7}
+      active: {line: 0, character: 7}
+  marks: {}
+  implicitMark:
+    - type: UntypedTarget
+      contentRange:
+        start: {line: 0, character: 7}
+        end: {line: 0, character: 7}
+      isReversed: false
+      hasExplicitRange: false
+finalState:
+  documentContents: aaa bb
+  selections:
+    - anchor: {line: 0, character: 5}
+      active: {line: 0, character: 5}
+  thatMark:
+    - type: RawSelectionTarget
+      contentRange:
+        start: {line: 0, character: 5}
+        end: {line: 0, character: 5}
+      isReversed: false
+      hasExplicitRange: true
diff --git a/packages/cursorless-vscode-e2e/src/suite/fixtures/recorded/actions/fromThis.yml b/packages/cursorless-vscode-e2e/src/suite/fixtures/recorded/actions/fromThis.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..119874995bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/cursorless-vscode-e2e/src/suite/fixtures/recorded/actions/fromThis.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+languageId: plaintext
+command:
+  version: 6
+  spokenForm: from this
+  action:
+    name: experimental.setInstanceReference
+    target:
+      type: primitive
+      mark: {type: cursor}
+  usePrePhraseSnapshot: true
+initialState:
+  documentContents: aba aaa
+  selections:
+    - anchor: {line: 0, character: 0}
+      active: {line: 0, character: 0}
+  marks: {}
+finalState:
+  documentContents: aba aaa
+  selections:
+    - anchor: {line: 0, character: 0}
+      active: {line: 0, character: 0}
+  thatMark:
+    - type: UntypedTarget
+      contentRange:
+        start: {line: 0, character: 0}
+        end: {line: 0, character: 0}
+      isReversed: false
+      hasExplicitRange: false
+  instanceReferenceMark:
+    - type: UntypedTarget
+      contentRange:
+        start: {line: 0, character: 0}
+        end: {line: 0, character: 0}
+      isReversed: false
+      hasExplicitRange: false
diff --git a/packages/cursorless-vscode-e2e/src/suite/fixtures/recorded/marks/swapTokenWithNextToken.yml b/packages/cursorless-vscode-e2e/src/suite/fixtures/recorded/marks/swapTokenWithNextToken.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..e71b80964d2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/cursorless-vscode-e2e/src/suite/fixtures/recorded/marks/swapTokenWithNextToken.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+languageId: plaintext
+command:
+  version: 6
+  spokenForm: swap token with next token
+  action:
+    name: swapTargets
+    target1:
+      type: primitive
+      modifiers:
+        - type: containingScope
+          scopeType: {type: token}
+    target2:
+      type: primitive
+      modifiers:
+        - type: relativeScope
+          scopeType: {type: token}
+          offset: 1
+          length: 1
+          direction: forward
+  usePrePhraseSnapshot: true
+initialState:
+  documentContents: |
+    aaa bbb ccc
+  selections:
+    - anchor: {line: 1, character: 0}
+      active: {line: 1, character: 0}
+  marks: {}
+  implicitMark:
+    - type: UntypedTarget
+      contentRange:
+        start: {line: 0, character: 0}
+        end: {line: 0, character: 3}
+      isReversed: false
+      hasExplicitRange: false
+finalState:
+  documentContents: |
+    bbb aaa ccc
+  selections:
+    - anchor: {line: 1, character: 0}
+      active: {line: 1, character: 0}
diff --git a/packages/cursorless-vscode-e2e/src/suite/fixtures/recorded/modifiers/instance/changeEveryInstance.yml b/packages/cursorless-vscode-e2e/src/suite/fixtures/recorded/modifiers/instance/changeEveryInstance.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..1e1c9282d48
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/cursorless-vscode-e2e/src/suite/fixtures/recorded/modifiers/instance/changeEveryInstance.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+languageId: plaintext
+command:
+  version: 6
+  spokenForm: change every instance
+  action:
+    name: clearAndSetSelection
+    target:
+      type: primitive
+      modifiers:
+        - type: everyScope
+          scopeType: {type: instance}
+  usePrePhraseSnapshot: true
+initialState:
+  documentContents: |-
+    aaa bbb aaa
+    aaa
+  selections:
+    - anchor: {line: 0, character: 3}
+      active: {line: 0, character: 3}
+  marks: {}
+  implicitMark:
+    - type: LineTarget
+      contentRange:
+        start: {line: 0, character: 0}
+        end: {line: 0, character: 11}
+      isReversed: false
+      hasExplicitRange: true
+finalState:
+  documentContents: |2-
+     bbb 
+    aaa
+  selections:
+    - anchor: {line: 0, character: 0}
+      active: {line: 0, character: 0}
+    - anchor: {line: 0, character: 5}
+      active: {line: 0, character: 5}
diff --git a/packages/cursorless-vscode-e2e/src/suite/recorded.vscode.test.ts b/packages/cursorless-vscode-e2e/src/suite/recorded.vscode.test.ts
index 23a440c5ca7..83bae63d402 100644
--- a/packages/cursorless-vscode-e2e/src/suite/recorded.vscode.test.ts
+++ b/packages/cursorless-vscode-e2e/src/suite/recorded.vscode.test.ts
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ import {
   splitKey,
   SpyIDE,
   spyIDERecordedValuesToPlainObject,
+  storedTargetKeys,
   TestCaseFixtureLegacy,
   TextEditor,
   TokenHat,
@@ -89,15 +90,10 @@ async function runTest(file: string, spyIde: SpyIDE) {
 
   editor.selections = fixture.initialState.selections.map(createSelection);
 
-  setStoredTarget(editor, "that", fixture.initialState.thatMark);
-
-  setStoredTarget(editor, "source", fixture.initialState.sourceMark);
-
-  setStoredTarget(
-    editor,
-    "instanceReference",
-    fixture.initialState.instanceReferenceMark,
-  );
+  for (const storedTargetKey of storedTargetKeys) {
+    const key = `${storedTargetKey}Mark` as const;
+    setStoredTarget(editor, storedTargetKey, fixture.initialState[key]);
+  }
 
   if (fixture.initialState.clipboard) {
     vscode.env.clipboard.writeText(fixture.initialState.clipboard);
@@ -162,16 +158,11 @@ async function runTest(file: string, spyIde: SpyIDE) {
     excludeFields.push("clipboard");
   }
 
-  if (fixture.finalState?.thatMark == null) {
-    excludeFields.push("thatMark");
-  }
-
-  if (fixture.finalState?.sourceMark == null) {
-    excludeFields.push("sourceMark");
-  }
-
-  if (fixture.finalState?.instanceReferenceMark == null) {
-    excludeFields.push("instanceReferenceMark");
+  for (const storedTargetKey of storedTargetKeys) {
+    const key = `${storedTargetKey}Mark` as const;
+    if (fixture.finalState?.[key] == null) {
+      excludeFields.push(key);
+    }
   }
 
   // FIXME Visible ranges are not asserted, see:
diff --git a/packages/cursorless-vscode/src/storedTargetHighlighter.ts b/packages/cursorless-vscode/src/storedTargetHighlighter.ts
index d8b244beae3..ac1742bc450 100644
--- a/packages/cursorless-vscode/src/storedTargetHighlighter.ts
+++ b/packages/cursorless-vscode/src/storedTargetHighlighter.ts
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ import { mapValues } from "lodash";
 import { usingSetting } from "./usingSetting";
 
 const targetColorMap: Partial<Record<StoredTargetKey, ScopeRangeType>> = {
+  implicit: "content",
   instanceReference: "domain",
 };