diff --git a/.changes/986.json b/.changes/986.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d89dcc23e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.changes/986.json
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+{
+    "type": "fixed",
+    "description": "always link to libgcc with musl targets to patch missing rust compiler builtins.",
+    "issues": [367, 906, 985]
+}
diff --git a/docker/Dockerfile.aarch64-unknown-linux-musl b/docker/Dockerfile.aarch64-unknown-linux-musl
index c6a2e72f5..257857e85 100644
--- a/docker/Dockerfile.aarch64-unknown-linux-musl
+++ b/docker/Dockerfile.aarch64-unknown-linux-musl
@@ -20,11 +20,12 @@ ENV CROSS_MUSL_SYSROOT=/usr/local/aarch64-linux-musl
 COPY musl-symlink.sh /
 RUN /musl-symlink.sh $CROSS_MUSL_SYSROOT aarch64
 
-COPY aarch64-linux-musl-gcc.sh /usr/bin/
+COPY musl-linker.sh /usr/bin/
 
 COPY qemu-runner /
 
-ENV CARGO_TARGET_AARCH64_UNKNOWN_LINUX_MUSL_LINKER=aarch64-linux-musl-gcc.sh \
+ENV CROSS_TARGET_LINKER=aarch64-linux-musl-gcc \
+    CARGO_TARGET_AARCH64_UNKNOWN_LINUX_MUSL_LINKER=musl-linker.sh \
     CARGO_TARGET_AARCH64_UNKNOWN_LINUX_MUSL_RUNNER="/qemu-runner aarch64" \
     CC_aarch64_unknown_linux_musl=aarch64-linux-musl-gcc \
     CXX_aarch64_unknown_linux_musl=aarch64-linux-musl-g++ \
diff --git a/docker/Dockerfile.arm-unknown-linux-musleabi b/docker/Dockerfile.arm-unknown-linux-musleabi
index 9a30522d0..4075ff027 100644
--- a/docker/Dockerfile.arm-unknown-linux-musleabi
+++ b/docker/Dockerfile.arm-unknown-linux-musleabi
@@ -24,9 +24,12 @@ ENV CROSS_MUSL_SYSROOT=/usr/local/arm-linux-musleabi
 COPY musl-symlink.sh /
 RUN /musl-symlink.sh $CROSS_MUSL_SYSROOT arm
 
+COPY musl-linker.sh /usr/bin/
+
 COPY qemu-runner /
 
-ENV CARGO_TARGET_ARM_UNKNOWN_LINUX_MUSLEABI_LINKER=arm-linux-musleabi-gcc \
+ENV CROSS_TARGET_LINKER=arm-linux-musleabi-gcc \
+    CARGO_TARGET_ARM_UNKNOWN_LINUX_MUSLEABI_LINKER=musl-linker.sh \
     CARGO_TARGET_ARM_UNKNOWN_LINUX_MUSLEABI_RUNNER="/qemu-runner arm" \
     CC_arm_unknown_linux_musleabi=arm-linux-musleabi-gcc \
     CXX_arm_unknown_linux_musleabi=arm-linux-musleabi-g++ \
diff --git a/docker/Dockerfile.arm-unknown-linux-musleabihf b/docker/Dockerfile.arm-unknown-linux-musleabihf
index da47f173f..e6d1c37b1 100644
--- a/docker/Dockerfile.arm-unknown-linux-musleabihf
+++ b/docker/Dockerfile.arm-unknown-linux-musleabihf
@@ -25,9 +25,12 @@ ENV CROSS_MUSL_SYSROOT=/usr/local/arm-linux-musleabihf
 COPY musl-symlink.sh /
 RUN /musl-symlink.sh $CROSS_MUSL_SYSROOT armhf
 
+COPY musl-linker.sh /usr/bin/
+
 COPY qemu-runner /
 
-ENV CARGO_TARGET_ARM_UNKNOWN_LINUX_MUSLEABIHF_LINKER=arm-linux-musleabihf-gcc \
+ENV CROSS_TARGET_LINKER=arm-linux-musleabihf-gcc \
+    CARGO_TARGET_ARM_UNKNOWN_LINUX_MUSLEABIHF_LINKER=musl-linker.sh \
     CARGO_TARGET_ARM_UNKNOWN_LINUX_MUSLEABIHF_RUNNER="/qemu-runner arm" \
     CC_arm_unknown_linux_musleabihf=arm-linux-musleabihf-gcc \
     CXX_arm_unknown_linux_musleabihf=arm-linux-musleabihf-g++ \
diff --git a/docker/Dockerfile.armv5te-unknown-linux-musleabi b/docker/Dockerfile.armv5te-unknown-linux-musleabi
index b4c300af1..8ddfd5cce 100644
--- a/docker/Dockerfile.armv5te-unknown-linux-musleabi
+++ b/docker/Dockerfile.armv5te-unknown-linux-musleabi
@@ -24,9 +24,12 @@ ENV CROSS_MUSL_SYSROOT=/usr/local/arm-linux-musleabi
 COPY musl-symlink.sh /
 RUN /musl-symlink.sh $CROSS_MUSL_SYSROOT arm
 
+COPY musl-linker.sh /usr/bin/
+
 COPY qemu-runner /
 
-ENV CARGO_TARGET_ARMV5TE_UNKNOWN_LINUX_MUSLEABI_LINKER=arm-linux-musleabi-gcc \
+ENV CROSS_TARGET_LINKER=arm-linux-musleabi-gcc \
+    CARGO_TARGET_ARMV5TE_UNKNOWN_LINUX_MUSLEABI_LINKER=musl-linker.sh \
     CARGO_TARGET_ARMV5TE_UNKNOWN_LINUX_MUSLEABI_RUNNER="/qemu-runner arm" \
     CC_armv5te_unknown_linux_musleabi=arm-linux-musleabi-gcc \
     CXX_armv5te_unknown_linux_musleabi=arm-linux-musleabi-g++ \
diff --git a/docker/Dockerfile.armv7-unknown-linux-musleabi b/docker/Dockerfile.armv7-unknown-linux-musleabi
index 05d129b5c..883cc8977 100644
--- a/docker/Dockerfile.armv7-unknown-linux-musleabi
+++ b/docker/Dockerfile.armv7-unknown-linux-musleabi
@@ -25,9 +25,12 @@ ENV CROSS_MUSL_SYSROOT=/usr/local/arm-linux-musleabi
 COPY musl-symlink.sh /
 RUN /musl-symlink.sh $CROSS_MUSL_SYSROOT arm
 
+COPY musl-linker.sh /usr/bin/
+
 COPY qemu-runner /
 
-ENV CARGO_TARGET_ARMV7_UNKNOWN_LINUX_MUSLEABI_LINKER=arm-linux-musleabi-gcc \
+ENV CROSS_TARGET_LINKER=arm-linux-musleabi-gcc \
+    CARGO_TARGET_ARMV7_UNKNOWN_LINUX_MUSLEABI_LINKER=musl-linker.sh \
     CARGO_TARGET_ARMV7_UNKNOWN_LINUX_MUSLEABI_RUNNER="/qemu-runner armv7" \
     CC_armv7_unknown_linux_musleabi=arm-linux-musleabi-gcc \
     CXX_armv7_unknown_linux_musleabi=arm-linux-musleabi-g++ \
diff --git a/docker/Dockerfile.armv7-unknown-linux-musleabihf b/docker/Dockerfile.armv7-unknown-linux-musleabihf
index 3742465d4..80b7adf2d 100644
--- a/docker/Dockerfile.armv7-unknown-linux-musleabihf
+++ b/docker/Dockerfile.armv7-unknown-linux-musleabihf
@@ -25,9 +25,12 @@ ENV CROSS_MUSL_SYSROOT=/usr/local/arm-linux-musleabihf
 COPY musl-symlink.sh /
 RUN /musl-symlink.sh $CROSS_MUSL_SYSROOT armhf
 
+COPY musl-linker.sh /usr/bin/
+
 COPY qemu-runner /
 
-ENV CARGO_TARGET_ARMV7_UNKNOWN_LINUX_MUSLEABIHF_LINKER=arm-linux-musleabihf-gcc \
+ENV CROSS_TARGET_LINKER=arm-linux-musleabihf-gcc \
+    CARGO_TARGET_ARMV7_UNKNOWN_LINUX_MUSLEABIHF_LINKER=musl-linker.sh \
     CARGO_TARGET_ARMV7_UNKNOWN_LINUX_MUSLEABIHF_RUNNER="/qemu-runner armv7" \
     CC_armv7_unknown_linux_musleabihf=arm-linux-musleabihf-gcc \
     CXX_armv7_unknown_linux_musleabihf=arm-linux-musleabihf-g++ \
diff --git a/docker/Dockerfile.i586-unknown-linux-musl b/docker/Dockerfile.i586-unknown-linux-musl
index d33620eba..5e33b0686 100644
--- a/docker/Dockerfile.i586-unknown-linux-musl
+++ b/docker/Dockerfile.i586-unknown-linux-musl
@@ -20,9 +20,12 @@ ENV CROSS_MUSL_SYSROOT=/usr/local/i586-linux-musl
 COPY musl-symlink.sh /
 RUN /musl-symlink.sh $CROSS_MUSL_SYSROOT i386
 
+COPY musl-linker.sh /usr/bin/
+
 COPY qemu-runner /
 
-ENV CARGO_TARGET_I586_UNKNOWN_LINUX_MUSL_LINKER=i586-linux-musl-gcc \
+ENV CROSS_TARGET_LINKER=i586-linux-musl-gcc \
+    CARGO_TARGET_I586_UNKNOWN_LINUX_MUSL_LINKER=musl-linker.sh \
     CARGO_TARGET_I586_UNKNOWN_LINUX_MUSL_RUNNER="/qemu-runner i586" \
     CC_i586_unknown_linux_musl=i586-linux-musl-gcc \
     CXX_i586_unknown_linux_musl=i586-linux-musl-g++ \
diff --git a/docker/Dockerfile.i686-unknown-linux-musl b/docker/Dockerfile.i686-unknown-linux-musl
index 0229684da..6c99e7093 100644
--- a/docker/Dockerfile.i686-unknown-linux-musl
+++ b/docker/Dockerfile.i686-unknown-linux-musl
@@ -20,9 +20,12 @@ ENV CROSS_MUSL_SYSROOT=/usr/local/i686-linux-musl
 COPY musl-symlink.sh /
 RUN /musl-symlink.sh $CROSS_MUSL_SYSROOT i386
 
+COPY musl-linker.sh /usr/bin/
+
 COPY qemu-runner /
 
-ENV CARGO_TARGET_I686_UNKNOWN_LINUX_MUSL_LINKER=i686-linux-musl-gcc \
+ENV CROSS_TARGET_LINKER=i686-linux-musl-gcc \
+    CARGO_TARGET_I686_UNKNOWN_LINUX_MUSL_LINKER=musl-linker.sh \
     CARGO_TARGET_I686_UNKNOWN_LINUX_MUSL_RUNNER="/qemu-runner i686" \
     CC_i686_unknown_linux_musl=i686-linux-musl-gcc \
     CXX_i686_unknown_linux_musl=i686-linux-musl-g++ \
diff --git a/docker/Dockerfile.mips-unknown-linux-musl b/docker/Dockerfile.mips-unknown-linux-musl
index 4ae946ad0..41bf02da9 100644
--- a/docker/Dockerfile.mips-unknown-linux-musl
+++ b/docker/Dockerfile.mips-unknown-linux-musl
@@ -22,9 +22,12 @@ ENV CROSS_MUSL_SYSROOT=/usr/local/mips-linux-muslsf
 COPY musl-symlink.sh /
 RUN /musl-symlink.sh $CROSS_MUSL_SYSROOT mips-sf
 
+COPY musl-linker.sh /usr/bin/
+
 COPY qemu-runner /
 
-ENV CARGO_TARGET_MIPS_UNKNOWN_LINUX_MUSL_LINKER=mips-linux-muslsf-gcc \
+ENV CROSS_TARGET_LINKER=mips-linux-muslsf-gcc \
+    CARGO_TARGET_MIPS_UNKNOWN_LINUX_MUSL_LINKER=musl-linker.sh \
     CARGO_TARGET_MIPS_UNKNOWN_LINUX_MUSL_RUNNER="/qemu-runner mips" \
     CC_mips_unknown_linux_musl=mips-linux-muslsf-gcc \
     CXX_mips_unknown_linux_musl=mips-linux-muslsf-g++ \
diff --git a/docker/Dockerfile.mips64-unknown-linux-muslabi64 b/docker/Dockerfile.mips64-unknown-linux-muslabi64
index 7fbecfcd0..fe154a63d 100644
--- a/docker/Dockerfile.mips64-unknown-linux-muslabi64
+++ b/docker/Dockerfile.mips64-unknown-linux-muslabi64
@@ -25,11 +25,12 @@ RUN mkdir -p $CROSS_MUSL_SYSROOT/usr/lib64
 RUN ln -s $CROSS_MUSL_SYSROOT/usr/lib/libc.so $CROSS_MUSL_SYSROOT/usr/lib64/libc.so
 RUN ln -s $CROSS_MUSL_SYSROOT/usr/lib/libc.so.1 $CROSS_MUSL_SYSROOT/usr/lib64/libc.so.1
 
-COPY mips64-linux-muslabi64-gcc.sh /usr/bin/
+COPY musl-linker.sh /usr/bin/
 
 COPY qemu-runner /
 
-ENV CARGO_TARGET_MIPS64_UNKNOWN_LINUX_MUSLABI64_LINKER=mips64-linux-muslabi64-gcc.sh \
+ENV CROSS_TARGET_LINKER=mips64-linux-musl-gcc \
+    CARGO_TARGET_MIPS64_UNKNOWN_LINUX_MUSLABI64_LINKER=musl-linker.sh \
     CARGO_TARGET_MIPS64_UNKNOWN_LINUX_MUSLABI64_RUNNER="/qemu-runner mips64" \
     CC_mips64_unknown_linux_muslabi64=mips64-linux-musl-gcc \
     CXX_mips64_unknown_linux_muslabi64=mips64-linux-musl-g++ \
diff --git a/docker/Dockerfile.mips64el-unknown-linux-muslabi64 b/docker/Dockerfile.mips64el-unknown-linux-muslabi64
index f3134cfdb..c274674c7 100644
--- a/docker/Dockerfile.mips64el-unknown-linux-muslabi64
+++ b/docker/Dockerfile.mips64el-unknown-linux-muslabi64
@@ -21,9 +21,12 @@ ENV CROSS_MUSL_SYSROOT=/usr/local/mips64el-linux-muslsf
 COPY musl-symlink.sh /
 RUN /musl-symlink.sh $CROSS_MUSL_SYSROOT mips64el-sf
 
+COPY musl-linker.sh /usr/bin/
+
 COPY qemu-runner /
 
-ENV CARGO_TARGET_MIPS64EL_UNKNOWN_LINUX_MUSLABI64_LINKER=mips64el-linux-muslsf-gcc \
+ENV CROSS_TARGET_LINKER=mips64el-linux-muslsf-gcc \
+    CARGO_TARGET_MIPS64EL_UNKNOWN_LINUX_MUSLABI64_LINKER=musl-linker.sh \
     CARGO_TARGET_MIPS64EL_UNKNOWN_LINUX_MUSLABI64_RUNNER="/qemu-runner mips64el" \
     CC_mips64el_unknown_linux_muslabi64=mips64el-linux-muslsf-gcc \
     CXX_mips64el_unknown_linux_muslabi64=mips64el-linux-muslsf-g++ \
diff --git a/docker/Dockerfile.mipsel-unknown-linux-musl b/docker/Dockerfile.mipsel-unknown-linux-musl
index 2590c2307..411dc70ee 100644
--- a/docker/Dockerfile.mipsel-unknown-linux-musl
+++ b/docker/Dockerfile.mipsel-unknown-linux-musl
@@ -22,9 +22,12 @@ ENV CROSS_MUSL_SYSROOT=/usr/local/mipsel-linux-muslsf
 COPY musl-symlink.sh /
 RUN /musl-symlink.sh $CROSS_MUSL_SYSROOT mipsel-sf
 
+COPY musl-linker.sh /usr/bin/
+
 COPY qemu-runner /
 
-ENV CARGO_TARGET_MIPSEL_UNKNOWN_LINUX_MUSL_LINKER=mipsel-linux-muslsf-gcc \
+ENV CROSS_TARGET_LINKER=mipsel-linux-muslsf-gcc \
+    CARGO_TARGET_MIPSEL_UNKNOWN_LINUX_MUSL_LINKER=musl-linker.sh \
     CARGO_TARGET_MIPSEL_UNKNOWN_LINUX_MUSL_RUNNER="/qemu-runner mipsel" \
     CC_mipsel_unknown_linux_musl=mipsel-linux-muslsf-gcc \
     CXX_mipsel_unknown_linux_musl=mipsel-linux-muslsf-g++ \
diff --git a/docker/Dockerfile.x86_64-unknown-linux-musl b/docker/Dockerfile.x86_64-unknown-linux-musl
index 1e99b626f..3e9ee4ce8 100644
--- a/docker/Dockerfile.x86_64-unknown-linux-musl
+++ b/docker/Dockerfile.x86_64-unknown-linux-musl
@@ -20,9 +20,12 @@ ENV CROSS_MUSL_SYSROOT=/usr/local/x86_64-linux-musl
 COPY musl-symlink.sh /
 RUN /musl-symlink.sh $CROSS_MUSL_SYSROOT x86_64
 
+COPY musl-linker.sh /usr/bin/
+
 COPY qemu-runner /
 
-ENV CARGO_TARGET_X86_64_UNKNOWN_LINUX_MUSL_LINKER=x86_64-linux-musl-gcc \
+ENV CROSS_TARGET_LINKER=x86_64-linux-musl-gcc \
+    CARGO_TARGET_X86_64_UNKNOWN_LINUX_MUSL_LINKER=musl-linker.sh \
     CARGO_TARGET_X86_64_UNKNOWN_LINUX_MUSL_RUNNER="/qemu-runner x86_64" \
     CC_x86_64_unknown_linux_musl=x86_64-linux-musl-gcc \
     CXX_x86_64_unknown_linux_musl=x86_64-linux-musl-g++ \
diff --git a/docker/aarch64-linux-musl-gcc.sh b/docker/aarch64-linux-musl-gcc.sh
deleted file mode 100755
index 8cfe320db..000000000
--- a/docker/aarch64-linux-musl-gcc.sh
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,26 +0,0 @@
-#!/bin/bash
-
-# this linker wrapper works around issue https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/46651
-# which affects toolchains older than 1.48
-# older toolchains require the `-lgcc` linker flag otherwise they fail to link
-
-set -x
-set -euo pipefail
-
-main() {
-    local release=
-    release=$(rustc -Vv | grep '^release:' | cut -d ':' -f2)
-    # NOTE we assume `major` is always "1"
-    local minor=
-    minor=$(echo "$release" | cut -d '.' -f2)
-
-    if (( minor >= 48 )); then
-        # no workaround
-        aarch64-linux-musl-gcc "${@}"
-    else
-        # apply workaround
-        aarch64-linux-musl-gcc "${@}" -lgcc
-    fi
-}
-
-main "${@}"
diff --git a/docker/mips64-linux-muslabi64-gcc.sh b/docker/mips64-linux-muslabi64-gcc.sh
deleted file mode 100755
index a26afa9f3..000000000
--- a/docker/mips64-linux-muslabi64-gcc.sh
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,18 +0,0 @@
-#!/bin/bash
-
-# this fixes an issue of missing symbols from the command lines
-# these soft-float routines are required even for hard-float targets.
-#   (strtod.lo): undefined reference to symbol '__trunctfsf2@@GCC_3.0'
-
-set -x
-set -euo pipefail
-
-main() {
-    if [[ $# -gt 0 ]]; then
-        exec mips64-linux-musl-gcc "${@}" -lgcc -static-libgcc
-    else
-        exec mips64-linux-musl-gcc "${@}"
-    fi
-}
-
-main "${@}"
diff --git a/docker/musl-linker.sh b/docker/musl-linker.sh
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..d3f5a47c8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docker/musl-linker.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+# this fixes a series of issues affecting musl targets, with missing
+# instrinsics that are symbols present in libgcc but not in the compiler
+# builtins. this is therefore a temporary workaround until these
+# issues are fixed. example issues previously discovered are noted below:
+
+# mips64-unknown-linux-musl
+# this linker wrapper works around issue https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/46651
+# which affects toolchains older than 1.48
+# older toolchains require the `-lgcc` linker flag otherwise they fail to link
+
+# mips64-unknown-linux-gnuabi64
+# this fixes an issue of missing symbols from the command lines
+# these soft-float routines are required even for hard-float targets.
+#   (strtod.lo): undefined reference to symbol '__trunctfsf2@@GCC_3.0'
+
+set -eo
+
+main() {
+    if [[ -n "${CROSS_NO_LIBGCC_ROUTINES}" ]] || [[ $# -eq 0 ]]; then
+        exec "${CROSS_TARGET_LINKER}" "${@}"
+    else
+        exec "${CROSS_TARGET_LINKER}" "${@}" -lgcc -static-libgcc
+    fi
+}
+
+main "${@}"
diff --git a/src/docker/shared.rs b/src/docker/shared.rs
index 9fb7675b5..95e7d7e5a 100644
--- a/src/docker/shared.rs
+++ b/src/docker/shared.rs
@@ -530,12 +530,11 @@ pub(crate) fn docker_envvars(
         docker.args(&["-e", &format!("USER={username}")]);
     }
 
-    if let Ok(value) = env::var("QEMU_STRACE") {
-        docker.args(&["-e", &format!("QEMU_STRACE={value}")]);
-    }
-
-    if let Ok(value) = env::var("CROSS_DEBUG") {
-        docker.args(&["-e", &format!("CROSS_DEBUG={value}")]);
+    let extras = ["QEMU_STRACE", "CROSS_DEBUG", "CROSS_NO_LIBGCC_ROUTINES"];
+    for extra in extras {
+        if let Ok(value) = env::var(extra) {
+            docker.args(&["-e", &format!("{extra}={value}")]);
+        }
     }
 
     if let Ok(value) = env::var("CROSS_CONTAINER_OPTS") {