From 7cbcb0a273f2388099428630f802f7cbe3428bf3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: creinkin Date: Sat, 2 Dec 2023 06:40:35 +0000 Subject: [PATCH] Triggered automated Airtable data fetch via release on Sat Dec 2 06:40:34 UTC 2023 --- data/data_1701498766.json | 49276 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++ data/latest.json | 2 +- link_reports/latest.md | 2 +- link_reports/reports_1701498785.md | 107 + 4 files changed, 49385 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-) create mode 100644 data/data_1701498766.json create mode 100644 link_reports/reports_1701498785.md diff --git a/data/data_1701498766.json b/data/data_1701498766.json new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9dec6e6 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/data_1701498766.json @@ -0,0 +1,49276 @@ +{ + "records": [ + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Association for Public and Land-grant Universities" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Pakistan" + ], + "Document ID": "0000-APLU-PAK", + "Document Title": "Feasibility Study of the US-Pakistan Knowledge Corridor Scholarship Program", + "Document Summary": "Published by the Association of Public and Land-grant Universities (APLU) in collaboration with USAID, the feasibility study of the US-Pakistan knowledge corridor scholarship program gives an overview of the program with further details on the goals and plans of the Government of Pakistan for strengthening its higher education sector, theory of change underpinning Higher Education Commission (HEC)’s strategy, assumptions about how the education goals are prioritized, the estimated pipeline of potential candidates for the program, and associated costs. The report provides findings from the literature review and best practices on higher education capacity strengthening and scholarship programs with further information on integrating human capacity development with institutional performance improvement, lessons learned from past individual training programs, leveraging training for institutional impact, and government-sponsored scholarship programs for study in the United States. The report offers recommendations based on findings from the APLU assessment of program goals and strategies. Finally, the report talks about key considerations for implementing the scholarship program, program implementation options, detailed program implementation recommendations for the research grant model, and a summary of key considerations and recommendations. ", + "Key Findings": "We can learn from past individual training programs and understand that there is an overemphasis on the individual's training objectives. Furthermore, institutional strengthening and training is conceived as separate with little crossover leverage. In programs with a clear focus on institutional strengthening, training is viewed as the driver to improve institutional performance. Additionally, institutional needs assessments are often biased towards identifying gaps in human resources, and particularly technical knowledge.\n\nThere is also minimal connection to home-country institutions and increasing but still limited attempts to build soft skills have been made. Action planning is not generally integrated into training programs and mentoring can be better utilized as a tool for institutional capacity development.\n", + "Key Recommendations": "Recommendations for aligning program goals:\n1. Take an integrated approach leveraging individual training for institutional performance improvement.\n2. Start small, scale up to meet the broader goals for Pakistan’s higher education sector.\n3. Give serious consideration to the value of training students in cohorts.\n4. Find ways to further align the scholarship program with HEC’s goals for enhancing IT-embedded teaching and learning into the program.\n5. Consider supporting EdD, MFA/MS and MA degrees when those degrees are the terminal degree in the field.\n\nRecommendations for implementation:\nHighlighted Recommendations:\n• Invest in placement and advising services.\n• Invest significantly more in the preparation of students, beyond GRE and TOEFL.\n• Utilize action planning for HEC scholars.\n• Change eligibility criteria for students.\n• Adjust the timeline for recruitment to an 18-month cycle.\n• Send students on a J-1 visa.\n• Use Carnegie Classification to determine eligible host universities.\n• Invest in support to returning students – think about incentives beyond the five-year obligation.\n• Build in opportunities to conduct research in Pakistan during dissertation period.\n• Set up a competitive fund for dissertation research.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00N7DN.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Educational Services" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge", + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Advancing Learning and Market Research;", + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Youth" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Education and Social Services" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Afghanistan and Pakistan" + ] + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Marco Venier", + "Kim Beevers", + "Diane Bommart" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Congo (Kinshasa)" + ], + "Document ID": "0000-BOMMA-COD", + "Document Title": "Changing Aid Industry Norms: Applying the Market Systems Development Approach to the DRC’s Aid Industry", + "Document Summary": "This document discusses the market system development approach to Humanitarian Assistance activities as a way to incentivize the private sector, especially those within developing countries. The focus of the discussion is on exploiting the opportunities for innovation to attract the private sector to develop solutions that respond to humanitarian needs as private actors may not always have the incentives or capacity to invest in areas of humanitarian activity. In this context, the report (a progress/project report)discusses ways in which development programs (which are tasked with tackling the underlying causes of conflict and fragility) may be able to bridge the gap between donors/ non-private sectors and private actors by demonstrating the potential of new business models adapted to those areas and building the capacity and resilience of local actors with several examples of UKAid-funded ÉLAN RDC program in Congo. The report not only highlights the approaches but also provides some evidence, determinants, and value-added on private sector engagement in HA activities in Congo.", + "Key Findings": "ÉLAN RDC has demonstrated the feasibility of applying MSD principles to the aid industry. (pg. 14)\n\nEstablishing Proofs of Concept: ÉLAN RDC sought to establish proofs of concept that would appeal to the humanitarian community whilst also demonstrating an alternative approach to aid delivery that could increase efficiency, impact and sustainability. \n1. Private sector partners demonstrate the social benefit derived from market-oriented solutions\n2. Private sector partners expand operations to crisis and post-crisis environment by servicing the aid sector as a primary client\n3. Humanitarian and development actors pilot market-oriented approaches in partnership with the private sector", + "Key Recommendations": "At the same time, there is an important role for donors to play in this process by:\n• Allowing further flexibility for implementing partners;\n• Establishing policies, targets and guidelines that reinforce this integrative approach; and\n• Supporting coordination mechanisms that ease changes and mutual learning in industry norms, processes and systems.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://seepnetwork.org/files/galleries/MIC_(2).pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Telecommunications", + "Business Services" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "CINOLU", + "Innov", + "Vodacash" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge", + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "ÉLAN RDC" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Humanitarian Assistance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "For-profit Commercial Entity", + "Formal Sector" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ] + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Center for Innovation and Impact" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "0000-BOURI-GLO", + "Document Title": "Unleashing Private Capital for Global Health Innovation: Innovator and Investor Support Opportunities", + "Document Summary": "This report focuses on the lack of investment in the global health sector and highlights current lackings/ shortcomings/ risks. It discusses different risks in global health financing related to three main risk areas: business model risk, financial transaction risk, and macro/exogenous risks related to political/ legal and regulatory structure. The report also discusses the challenges related to lack of information/ knowledge (information asymmetry) around finding the right investors by interested private parties and challenges in fundraising. This report is mostly relevant for RQ2 where as much of the discussion is around the barriers/ determinants for private sector involvement in global health especially using the investments available for creating business opportunities. The report is more prescriptive than documenting PSE examples, but the reporting is based on information collected from more than 60 investors (potential) in global health and thus lays out the determinants of PSE and what needs to be done to address those.", + "Key Findings": "- There is a gap in early stage standalone pharma and life\nsciences innovations specifically targeting BOP populations\n- There is a gap in systems support innovations (care enablement and health finance)\n- There is a limited number of med tech and digital health\ninnovators that have reached commercial scale, compared to other innovation types\n- Of the firms with health portfolios, we found that investors tend to invest opportunistically across health archetypes - given lower overall deal flow in the space. There is a slightly greater concentration of investment in medical technology and devices. After speaking to investors, we understood this could be due to the perception that med tech/devices are often seen to have higher growth potential than service delivery, while digital health is still relatively nascent. In developed markets, pharmaceuticals and life sciences investors tend to be specialized given high technical expertise required and unique capital needs (large investments up front, high failure rate).", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.usaid.gov/sites/default/files/2022-05/USAID_Private_Capital_508.pdf", + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Flexibility and Pace", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Risk-Mitigation and Flexible Authorities", + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;", + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment", + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID From the American People" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Humanitarian Assistance", + "Health" + ], + "Type of Document": "Landscape Analysis", + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ] + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Cash Learning Partnership (CaLP)" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Yemen" + ], + "Document ID": "0000-CALP-YEM", + "Document Title": "Assessment of Financial Service Providers- CVA in Yemen", + "Document Summary": "Cash and Voucher Assistance (CVA) is a critical part of the humanitarian response. According to the Cash Learning Partnership (CaLP) Case Study on cash transfer programming, “in terms of proportion, humanitarian organizations in Yemen were implementing the greatest percentage of CVA at 33%, which was well above the second-place country, Syria, at 12%.\n\nPrevious assessments either focused on over-the-counter (OTC) / delivery through agents or lacked a comparative overview per CVA delivery mechanism. Building on those previous assessments, this 2021 FSP assessment, jointly conducted by CaLP, CMWG Yemen, and REACH, aims to provide a comprehensive, updated understanding of the available CVA delivery mechanisms and FSPs, as well as the related challenges, risks, and mitigation measures. Similar to the 2017 assessment, this 2021 assessment includes the community familiarity and preference of delivery mechanisms, as these might have changed over the years while adding an exploration into communities’ access to different types of FSPs and delivery mechanisms.\n\nFurthermore, the assessment aims to support and accelerate future CVA programming by providing a list of existing CVA delivery mechanisms and FSP options, and the mapping of CVA activities can help organisations to identify collaboration opportunities and detect duplication in assistance. Although each organization will need to assess their own areas of operation more in detail. In addition, by presenting findings and perspectives from different types of stakeholders in CVA (FSPs, communities and humanitarian organisations), this assessment attempts to contribute to an understanding between actors and an understanding of the CVA landscape as a\nwhole. According to CaLP’s 2021 Case Study “filling these gaps can help agencies to develop greater commonalities on the details of targeting, transfer amounts and transfer mechanisms.”", + "Key Findings": "Findings suggest that delivery through agents/OTC and paper vouchers were the most common delivery mechanisms for CVA, while few instances of humanitarian organisations using e-vouchers, bank transfers, mobile money or direct cash were also reported.\n\nThe commonly reported choice for delivery through agents and paper vouchers appears to be a direct result of Yemen’s working environment, which was characterized by limitations regarding financial infrastructure, literacy, experience with formal banking institutions, access to hard-to-reach areas and mobility. Furthermore, community KIs commonly reported having experience with hawala, local exchange companies and bank agents, and reported a preference for receiving CVA using these actors.\n\nNonetheless, it was found that preparation, planning, monitoring and reconciliation may be challenging and time-consuming when conducting delivery through agents and paper vouchers. In this regard, tokens and SMS messaging were reported as mitigation measures that provided efficiency and improvement.", + "Key Recommendations": "The findings suggest that stakeholders could:\n1. Learn from each other by exchanging knowledge and best practices, e.g. in terms of agent management, available FSPs, and mitigating risks.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://reliefweb.int/report/yemen/assessment-financial-service-providers-cva-yemen", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Financial Services" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Red Rose", + "Genius Tags", + "Prodigy Solutions", + "MTN", + "Al Najm Exchange", + "Al Nasser Exchange", + "Rashad Buhair Company", + "Yemen Kuwait Bank", + "Al Kuraimi Bank", + "Al Amal Bank", + "MasterCard", + "YCash" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Efficiency and Effectiveness", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Cash and Markets Working Group (CMWG)", + "Cash Learning Partnership (CaLP)" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Humanitarian Assistance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Industry Publication", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "For-profit Commercial Entity", + "Formal Sector" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Middle East" + ] + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Gilles Carbonnier" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Afghanistan", + "Sudan", + "Iraq" + ], + "Document ID": "0000-CARBO-GLO", + "Document Title": "Privatisation and outsourcing in wartime: the humanitarian challenges", + "Document Summary": "Privatizing the realms of defense and security, which are at the very core of state prerogative, raises several legal and humanitarian concerns. This article focuses on the roles and responsibilities of the various parties involved in armed conflicts, especially those of private companies engaged in security, intelligence, and interrogation work and in the provision of water supply and health services. It highlights the need for humanitarian and development actors to grasp better the poten­tial risks and opportunities related to privatization and outsourcing with a view to supplying effective protection and assistance to communities affected by war. This article first examines in greater detail the rise of private military companies in contemporary conflicts and the ensuing legal and humanitarian issues. It goes on to illustrate the implications of the privatization phenomenon in some sectors that are relevant to humanitarian work: water supply, prison management, and health services. The sector examples include peace/security (private military functions), water supply, prison services, and health services during war/conflict situations.", + "Key Findings": "Humanitarian organisations work ever more often in partnership with local public or private bodies to support the health care and the water supply systems. They are trying to assess the privatisation trend and its consequences, and to adapt accordingly. New skills are needed to gain a better understanding of the private operators’ inputs and working methods, and to enhance the ability to negotiate appropriate arrangements with these newcomers to humanitarian crises. Finally, it is crucial to intensify the dialogue with states in order to guarantee respect for IHL in an armed conflict even as governments outsource some of their prerogatives to private actors.", + "Key Recommendations": "The ICRC has identified several avenues for engaging the corporate sector. They include promoting knowledge of and respect for international humanitarian law among private firms operating in war-prone areas, as well as a frank dialogue — subject to the usual confidentiality requirements — with companies that have a direct or indirect influence on the users of violence. Joint efforts, i.e., with ad hoc corporate logistical support, may be envisaged when necessary and acceptable to the major stakeholders involved in a conflict.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/j.0361-3666.2006.00329.x", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Other", + "Aerospace and Defense" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "DPK Consulting" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Ability to Influence Policy", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities", + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Risk-Mitigation and Flexible Authorities" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Overseas Development Institute" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Conflict" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Democracy, Human Rights, & Governance", + "Humanitarian Assistance", + "Peace & Security" + ], + "Type of Document": "Peer-reviewed article or other research report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Formal Sector", + "For-profit Commercial Entity", + "Multi-national Business", + "Large Enterprise", + "Regional Business" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Global", + "Afghanistan and Pakistan", + "Middle East" + ], + "Year": "2006" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "John Chileshe", + "Geoffrey Tambulukani" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Zambia" + ], + "Document ID": "0000-Chile-ZMB", + "Document Title": "Teacher Effectiveness. Towards Sustainable Delivery of Continuing Professional Development in Zambia", + "Document Summary": "This document is an effectiveness review report prepared by Creative Associates International, Inc. for review by USAID. It presents a sustainable, cost-effective, and affordable continuing professional development (CPD) delivery approach in Zambia, for head teachers, deputy head teachers, and teachers, focusing on the primary education level. The report draws on the best practices and lessons learned over the past decade or so, in the implementation of CPD interventions in Zambia by both the Ministry of General Education (MoGE) and various projects, including the Read to Succeed (RTS) project, implemented from 2012 to 2017. The report deals with various aspects of policy and planning framework, and legal framework.", + "Key Findings": "According to this article, the head teacher is a key success factor at school level, as the instructional head of the school and as the local standards officer ‒ particularly given the scarcity of financial resources to facilitate school visits by standards officers. Additionally, with proper and consistent support, teachers are capable of working with minimum resources and still improve learner performance.The Lesson Study approach is useful and practical as a CPD vehicle to deliver teacher support programs.\n\nFurthermore, teachers feel motivated to engage in Lesson Study and try new approaches in class where they feel their lessons will be monitored by ZICs or DRCCs. In general, schools in rural areas, where staffing levels in subjects like Science and Mathematics are issues, tend to value Lesson Study activities more than those in urban areas. Commitment levels of the DEST and PEST affect the overall implementation of activities in the district and province.\n\nTo improve learner performance it is more effective to provide more direct support and services to zonal and individual schools and school level interventions and innovations are more effective if they are initiated and supported by individuals and groups within the schools or their communities. In addition, use of local resources should be promoted in all schools as instructional materials provided by MoGE HQ will never be adequate to meet the needs of the schools in the foreseeable future.\n\nGiven the inadequate public financing, there is need for innovation and improvisation; to do more with less; to use local resources and develop PPPs. Improved communication and interaction between district education officers, zones and schools/head teachers enhance teacher and learner performance. And lastly, active and conscious participation of host country counterparts is important in planning, implementation and monitoring of project-supported interventions..\n", + "Key Recommendations": "The following are examples of key best practices developed to support CPD, as well as lessons learnt; most of those cited below are from the RTS project:\na) Best Practices\ni) CPD projects working through existing Ministry of Education and other relevant government structures, with regard to planning, implementation and monitoring of project interventions.\nii) CPD projects supporting the formulation and operationalisation of enabling policies and frameworks.\niii) Adopting the whole school, whole teacher, whole child approach to enhancing learner performance.\niv) Building the capacity of service providers, including PEST, DEST, ZEST and SEST.\nv) Focusing attention for training and other support on the district, zone and school levels and prioritising school-based CPD.\nvi) Promoting innovative development of locally relevant instructional materials, and using local human and material resources.\nvii) Promoting school-based assessment to support enhancement of teacher and learner performance.\nviii)Promoting cost-effective approaches in training, materials development and service delivery\nix) Promoting evidence-based decision making.\nx) Promoting exchanges among peers so that educators learn from each other.\nxi) Making effective use of innovative ICT technologies to enhance information and knowledge-sharing among educators.\nxii) Promoting school-community partnerships.\nxiii)Promoting mobilisation of supplementary resources through public-private partnerships.\nxiv)Incorporation of sustainability of project objectives and outcomes in the design, planning, implementation and monitoring of project interventions.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00MWT9.pdf", + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Education and Social Services" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ] + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Vigeo Eiris" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Indonesia" + ], + "Document ID": "0000-EIRIS-IDN", + "Document Title": " South East Asia's First Sustainability Project Bond", + "Document Summary": "‘South East Asia’s first sustainability project bond’ is a case study that looks at the impact the RLU project, a joint venture between France’s Michelin Group and Indonesia’s Barito Pacific Group, has had in South East Asia. The project addresses deforestation and social conflict in the Bukit Tigapuluh region in Jambi, Sumatra by \"implementing rigorous environmental and social safeguards.\" Concretely, the project implements five programs (forest protection, wildlife convocation area and monitoring program, human-wildlife conflict program, restoration program, and community partnership program) to fulfill its objective. Reviewed by Vigeo Eiris and the ICMA Green Bond Principles, the document presents a timeline of the period 2015-2020, outlining the project’s pre-implementation phases as well as its achievements per year. ", + "Key Findings": "The RLU project is forward-looking and designed, in particular, to address the significant challenges of past deforestation and social conflict in the Bukit Tigapuluh landscape in Jambi, Sumatra by implementing rigorous environmental and social safeguards. The RLU project also helps protect the\nadjacent ±143,000 ha Bukit Tigapuluh National Park (BTPNP) from deforestation through collaboration with park officials and by serving as a buffer zone. At maturity, the RLU project will contribute to around 10% of Michelin’s natural rubber supply chain.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.admcf.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/RLUFS2022_13_12.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Energy", + "Processing & Manufacturing" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships", + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;", + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment", + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "ICMA Green Bond Principles" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Humanitarian Assistance", + "Environment/Climate Change" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Local Business", + "Multi-national Business" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Asia" + ] + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Mercy Corps" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Uganda", + "Philippines" + ], + "Document ID": "0000-ELAN-PHL", + "Document Title": "Elan Humanitarian KYC Case Studies", + "Document Summary": "This is a case study of three digital money transfers to those impacted by emergencies and discusses the Know Your Customer (KYC) regulations, also known as customer due diligence, which are designed to combat money laundering, terrorist financing, and other related threats to the financial system. The cases presented are from Uganda (refugees from South Sudan as well as Congo and Burundi) and the Philippines (typhoon-related response). Here the focus is on making sure there are good regulations around the misuse of emergency resources (not going to the wrong persons and knowing the customers). ", + "Key Findings": "-Predictable application of KYC regulations allows humanitarian agencies to plan for ID needs and select suitable delivery mechanisms for humanitarian cash transfers. They also allow MNOs to comply with regulations and appropriately allocate staff and agent time. Inconsistently applied regulations, or sudden changes, can seriously disrupt delivery of humanitarian assistance.\n-Early consideration of refugee-specific needs can prevent unintended consequences.", + "Key Recommendations": "Government actions can undermine efforts to support victims. In the future, regular contact and coordination between humanitarian agencies, relevant private sector entities, and government ministries can provide a platform to identify and accommodate humanitarian KYC challenges before they become a problem at scale.\n- Access to financial services and adherence to KYC regulations are mutually attainable goals, even amidst crisis. Achieving both, however, requires planning and consideration of the specific needs of populations affected by humanitarian crises.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.mercycorps.org/sites/default/files/2019-11/ELAN-KYC-CaseStudyUgandaPhilippines.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Financial Services", + "Telecommunications" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Ability to Influence Policy", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "PayPal", + "Mercy Corps", + "ELAN" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Humanitarian Assistance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Financial Institution, Investors, and Intermediaries" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa", + "Asia" + ] + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Leon Perlman", + "Nora Gurung" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Jordan", + "United States", + "Uganda", + "Ethiopia", + "Rwanda", + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "0000-GURUN-GLO", + "Document Title": "Focus Note: The Role of Digital Financial Services in Humanitarian Crises Responses", + "Document Summary": "This focus note describes the state of Digital Financial Services (DFS) use in humanitarian crisis responses, available DFS solutions, strategies to achieve both humanitarian and financial inclusion goals, and common barriers to addressing for successful deployment. While it has proven its utility in many parts of the developing world, in some crises areas where technology infrastructure is often lacking, DFS may however only provide limited utility. In these cases, cash disbursements may give a better solution by rapidly providing for the needs of those in crises areas. A cost-benefit analysis of available response solutions is also offered. The document provides a table of benefits and challenges of different types of humanitarian assistance: In-Kind, Cash only, DFS only, and Cash and DFS.", + "Key Findings": "This focus note describes the state of DFS use in humanitarian crises responses, available DFS solutions, and strategies to achieve both humanitarian and financial inclusion goals and common barriers to address for successful deployment. While it has proven its utility in many parts of the developing world, in some crises areas where technology infrastructure is often lacking, DFS may however only provide limited utility. In these cases, cash disbursements may provide a better solution by rapidly providing for the needs of those in crises areas. A cost-benefit analysis of available response solutions is also provided. ", + "Key Recommendations": "IV. Recommendations\nFor Regulators/Authorities\n• Prepare and plan to create an enabling environment for DFS use in case of a humanitarian crises.\n• Engage in policy formulation and modification specifically for humanitarian crisis situations that support inclusive and sustainable DFS ecosystem.\n• Initiate public-private partnerships to encourage use of commercially available technology for humanitarian cash transfers.\n• Facilitate collaboration amongst ecosystem participants for knowledge sharing, building common solutions and exploring opportunities to use, expand and improve existing local systems and infrastructure.\n\nFor DFS/Technology Providers\n• Invest in open-looped DFS systems and infrastructure with explicit objectives for financial inclusion that can potentially be used for humanitarian crises responses where and when appropriate.\n• Devote resources to digital and financial literacy training and mobile money awareness to increase uptake of DFS solutions amongst beneficiaries.\n\nFor Crises Responders/Agencies\n• Understand and keep the beneficiaries at the center of crisis response agendas.\n• Provide adequate support, such as helpdesks and toll-free customer service numbers, for users to clarify their concerns, have their questions answered, and obtain assistance in navigating through the system.\n• Outline minimum data required for beneficiary registration in crisis situations.\n• Explore new ways of determining proper use and impact of digitized cash transfers that maintains privacy of beneficiaries.\n• Create a strong business case for private sector to expand their services and provide for the affected population through strategies such as, demand aggregation and solution standardization as means to allow them to scale and reach larger populations.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://deliverypdf.ssrn.com/delivery.php?ID=823120105064103067001103096069021109052085065093048051024027075074116101066098001028020016099038123036046074011090065082070090025090034086038103113081088000085015054089003003098104112027070086114104012116067122119098122094089075023108068121114085064&EXT=pdf&INDEX=TRUE", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Financial Services", + "Biotechnology", + "Telecommunications", + "Other", + "Technology" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "AT&T", + "Google", + "IrisGuard", + "Cairo Amman Bank" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Efficiency and Effectiveness", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Reputation and Credible Convening Power", + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;", + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Social Science Research Network (SSRN)", + "Columbia Institute for Tele-information" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Conflict" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Humanitarian Assistance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Peer-reviewed article or other research report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "For-profit Commercial Entity", + "Financial Institution, Investors, and Intermediaries", + "Multi-national Business" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Middle East", + "Africa", + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2018" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "ICC Commission on Customs and Trade Facilitation" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "0000-ICC-GLO", + "Document Title": "ICC Business Recommendations on the Customs Treatment of Relief Shipments in Humanitarian Emergencies ", + "Document Summary": "The ICC Business Recommendations highlight some of the key challenges businesses and governments must overcome, include real business case examples, and contain a set of policy recommendations to ensure the smooth and efficient delivery of relief shipments following natural disasters and humanitarian emergencies. ", + "Key Recommendations": "Key Recommendations: pgs 2-3 Lists 5 Recommendations: \n\"...1. Establishment of an internationally-recognised and accredited system of marking and identification for humanitarian relief shipments for quick and efficient detection. \n2. Adoption by Customs Administrations and relevant border agencies of the voluntary UN Officefor the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) Model Act for the Facilitation and\nRegulation of International Disaster Relief and Initial Recovery Assistance, in particular Chapter VI Part 29-36.\n3. Swift and robust implementation of the World Trade Organization (WTO) Trade Facilitation Agreement (TFA). The TFA does not make specific reference to the treatment of humanitarian relief shipments. However, the implementation of its provisions would significantly improve the facilitation of relief shipments throughout the supply chain.\n4. Establishment of contingency and trade resumption plans, developed in partnership with all stakeholders, including Customs, border agencies, donor organisations and the private sector. This is particularly vital for countries in areas that are more susceptible to natural disasters.\n5. Amendment to or drafting of supporting legislation to provide a more specific level of detail on customs clearance treatment, as usually this does not exist in the primary legislation.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://iccwbo.org/publication/icc-business-recommendations-customs-treatment-relief-shipments-humanitarian-emergencies-2018/", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Transportation and Warehousing" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Flexibility and Pace", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "International Chamber of Commerce" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Humanitarian Assistance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ] + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "INMED Partnerships for Children" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global", + "Uganda", + "Brazil", + "Angola", + "Indonesia", + "Poland", + "China", + "South Africa", + "Ghana", + "Senegal" + ], + "Document ID": "0000-INMED-GLO", + "Document Title": "Public-Private Partnerships: The Role of the Non-Profit Leader", + "Document Summary": "This publication highlights the role that non-profit organizations and their senior staff can play in partnership formation and implementation. As a backdrop for introducing these critical success factors, this publication begins by discussing the evolution of collaboration between development stakeholders. It then frames the current partnership environment by examining external \"drivers\" and trends that are motivating development stakeholders to seek public-private collaboration. This is followed by a discussion of the critical factors for success that have emerged from INMED’s research: leadership, common ground, and accountability. The discussion includes practical information that non-profit executives and senior staff can use to determine the presence and evaluate the strength of these critical success factors in their own organizations and in those of potential partners. ", + "Key Findings": "According to the article, programs implemented by public-private partnerships hold the promise of greater, longer-lasting social impact than programs operated by stakeholders working independently. There is no one-size-fits-all approach to partnership; what works best with one particular program, corporate culture, or partnership venture may not work at all in a different situation.\n\nLeaders of non-profits are in a position to assume a unique role in brokering and maintaining partnerships within the private sector, and in integrating the private sector contribution with that of governmental partners.This facilitating role is a demanding one and, to be effective, must be actively embraced by non-profit leadership. Lastly, non-profit leaders willing to take on the challenge must ensure, through their facilitating function, the presence of the fundamental factors critical for the success of the partnership.", + "Key Recommendations": "We believe that leaders of non-profit organizations are in a unique position to communicate across sectors and skillfully facilitate the partnership process. Non-profit leaders willing to take on the challenge must ensure, through their facilitating function, the presence of the fundamental factors critical for the success of the partnership: committed leadership, common interests, and clear accountability for results.\n\nWhile the public-private partnership will not guarantee the success of development programs, the combined expertise and resources of governmental organizations, teamed with those of commercial and non-profit private sector entities, offer the promise of more creative, effective, and sustainable interventions to achieve humanitarian and development objectives worldwide.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PBAAD060.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Technology", + "Financial Services", + "Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, and Hunting", + "Food & Beverage", + "Health Care", + "Processing & Manufacturing", + "Energy", + "Fast Moving Consumer Goods", + "Retail", + "Business Services", + "Pharmaceuticals" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Scholastic, Inc.", + "SRAM", + "Pagjino", + "Boehringer Mannheim", + "Eli Lilly & Co.", + "Becton Dickinson & Co.", + "IBM", + "Stonyfield Farms", + "American Express", + "Grameen Foundation", + "FINCA", + "PRIDE AFRICA", + "Bizcredit", + "ACCION International", + "Nike", + "ChevronTexaco", + "GlaxoSmithKline (GSK)", + "Johnson & Johnson", + "El Paso Energy", + "Trek Bicycle Corporation", + "Coffee Bean International", + "Hewlett Packard Enterprise", + "Monsanto", + "Barro Sin Plomo" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities", + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge", + "Reputation and Credible Convening Power" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "INMED Partnerships for Children" + ], + "Type of Document": "White Paper/Think Tank Report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "American Business", + "Multi-national Business", + "Formal Sector", + "For-profit approach that generates sustainable income", + "Large Enterprise", + "Corporate Foundation", + "Business Association or Cooperative", + "Local Business", + "Micro, Small, or Medium Enterprise" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Latin America and the Carribean" + ] + }, + { + "Country(ies)": [ + "Haiti" + ], + "Document ID": "0000-INTER-HTI", + "Document Title": "Public Private Partnernship Stories Haiti: Haiti Teleco", + "Document Summary": "This is a two-page brief on the collaboration between the Central Bank of Haiti and the largest mobile company in Vietnam which started in 2007 but was finalized after the 2010 earthquake in Haiti to expand telecommunication and allied services under a public-private partnership. this talks more about what the plan was for this partnership rather than providing evidence (non-confirmatory evidence of the success of the PSE). IFC served as the advisor in the process.", + "Key Findings": "- The winning bidder, Viettel, will invest $99 million to upgrade telecommunication services. This is Haiti's largest foreign direct investment following the massive earthquake of January 10.\n- Rebuilding telecom infrastructure and increasing access to fixed, mobile, high speed internet services are key components of Haiti's long-term earthquake recovery strategy. For instance, the new company's mobile network is expected to increase mobile penetration by 1.5 million subscribers in five years.\n- Construction of the country's first fiber optic cable network - a>3,000 km network as described in Viettel's business plan-will provide Internet access to remote towns; opening a second access point to submarine fiber optic cables will improve global connectivity.\n- The project, Haiti's third PPP, is expected to catalyze future foreign direct lending post-earthquake reconstruction needs in Haiti.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.ifc.org/wps/wcm/connect/48860706-0d6b-42b9-b9dd-e324a4d8122d/PPPStories_Haiti_HaitiTeleco.pdf?MOD=AJPERES&CVID=lHoZzc3", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Telecommunications" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Viettel" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment", + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "DevCo", + "International Finance Corporation" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Humanitarian Assistance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Multi-national Business" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Latin America and the Carribean" + ], + "Year": "2010" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Laura James" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "United States", + "Haiti", + "Nepal", + "Kenya", + "Syria" + ], + "Document ID": "0000-JAME-MLT", + "Document Title": "Opportunities and challenges of distributed manufacturing for humanitarian response", + "Document Summary": "This paper shares experiences of human-centered design and global collaboration to solve local problems, manufacturing in remote and challenging locations, community building and bridging sectors through the Humanitarian Makers network, and new ideas for distributed manufacturing standards and quality. The focus in this is an aid organization called Field Ready which emphasizes on local resources and solutions to problems in different countries and some examples are presented. The new technology associated with this field Ready is 3D printers and has examples (success) from Nepal, Haiti, Syria, and the like.", + "Key Findings": "Distributed manufacturing, where decentralized small, local sites are engaged in production, often supported by digital systems and networks, can be a powerful tool in humanitarian aid. Field Ready uses distributed manufacturing to produce essential non-food items locally where they are needed during humanitarian responses. Such supplies can be available to communities in need and to relief workers more quickly, more cheaply than alternatives, and provide appropriate solutions to problems, often engaging local people in designing and making necessary items, and supporting economic development. Scaling up this requires local production capabilities (skills, tools, and information such as designs), which can be boosted by adoption of these methods by aid agencies, international non-governmental organizations (INGOs) and others. Local manufacturing offers the potential for disaster affected communities to be engaged in recovery, and long term to become more resilient, with access to all the equipment and information required to make the supplies they need. However, there are challenges: appropriate quality control for distributed manufacture, unlocking the potential for in-region manufacturers to engage in humanitarian response, and uptake of digital knowledge sharing and collaboration to the humanitarian sector. In this paper, we share experiences of human-centred design and global collaboration to solve local problems, of manufacturing in remote and challenging locations, community building and bridging sectors through the Humanitarian Makers network, and new ideas for distributed manufacturing standards and quality.", + "Key Recommendations": "- To deliver reliable manufacturing of items, the documentation in support of actual design files needs to be good enough to enable someone who was not involved in the design process to reproduce the item. To have high confidence in the reproducibility and reliability of a manufacturing process and design in multiple contexts, testing could be carried out by people in many different settings, with the results reported back and collated.\n- When designing items that will be made in distributed, digital ways in low-resource environments, consideration can be given to how the maker or user can check they have a good item.\n- Whilst low-resource environments do not offer the test and inspection options of a developed world factory, new technologies show high potential for field testing. For instance, computer vision continues to improve, even when using commodity hardware such as the cameras available in smartphones. This could potentially be combined with lens enhancements or phone add-on modules, plus online or offline processing and perhaps machine learning, to offer smart inspection systems for field use.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://130a1e01-ed5d-f31b-eb3f-e23f77fab438.filesusr.com/ugd/4bcea0_044a33fccd7043bea3ae25b9a5e0c198.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Processing & Manufacturing" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Efficiency and Effectiveness", + "Flexibility and Pace", + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;", + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment", + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Field Ready" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Humanitarian Assistance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Industry Publication", + "USAID Region": [ + "Latin America and the Carribean", + "Africa", + "Middle East" + ] + }, + { + "Document ID": "0000-JORDA-GLO", + "Document Title": "The Role of Business in Disaster Response", + "Document Summary": "This report is divided into different chapters/ sections where it basically talks about the role of different US businesses/ some multinationals as well, primarily providing examples of their role in emergencies within the US, especially hurricanes, wildfires, and the like. In some cases also provides a reference to other global emergencies as well (food crisis in the Horn of Africa, Tsunami in Asia).", + "Key Findings": "Companies are helping communities manage disasters simply by doing business. In many cases, protecting their business operations in order to get back up and running quickly after a disaster is the best thing a business can do for its community. What we are also finding is that companies are developing advanced technologies to help communities not just withstand disasters but also deliver benefits that contribute to their long-term development. Business processes are driving risk management. The insurance and reinsurance industries have played fundamental roles in educating business owners and operators about the importance of disaster mitigation and preparedness. It is in their self-interest to encourage businesses and communities to be as resilient as possible, which pays off for everyone if a disaster happens. Logistics companies are also playing a huge role in helping manage disruptions due to extreme events. As you might expect, UPS and FedEx are on the cutting edge of this as outlined in the report, but companies like Walmart and Cargill are also logistics experts in terms of getting supply chains flowing again and needed goods and services back into circulation in a community. Cargill’s work in the Horn of Africa is an example of how this is managed.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.uschamberfoundation.org/sites/default/files/publication/ccc/Role%20of%20Business%20in%20Disaster%20Response.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Transportation and Warehousing", + "Fast Moving Consumer Goods", + "Technology", + "Telecommunications", + "Engineering & Construction" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Ceres Environmental", + "Caterpillar Inc.", + "Proteus On-Demand", + "Degenkolb Engineers", + "Allstate", + "Microsoft", + "Google", + "IBM", + "Cisco", + "Cargill", + "FedEx", + "UPS", + "Walmart", + "Shell", + "Citi", + "Office Depot" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness", + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships", + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Business Civic Leadership Center", + "U.S. Chamber of Commerce" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Humanitarian Assistance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Industry Publication", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Formal Sector", + "Large Enterprise" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2012" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Vaidehi Krishnan" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Philippines" + ], + "Document ID": "0000-KRISH-PHL", + "Document Title": "Partnering for Success: E-Cash Use in Humanitarian Programming", + "Document Summary": "The Document talks about the use of E-Cash to facilitate humanitarian aid across the globe by different Private Financial Organizations with different NGOs. The primary PSE are Cash or Credit Service Providers. The Barriers would primarily be a lack of knowledge which the document hopes to diminish by providing tools for better planning. Better aid activities are the incentives for collaboration.\n\nThe document references various case studies and evidence to show how virtual cash had made it easier in many cases across the globe to facilitate humanitarian aid. Most of the examples point toward natural causes.\nThe document primarily references financial institutions across the globe in different scenarios and then provides recommendations and tools for further use. ", + "Key Findings": "Key Findings: \n1. Program implementation quality varied considerably between rural and urban locations.\n2. Pre-positioned contracts reduced start up time, but only service level agreements and ongoing communication ensured smooth implementation.\n3. Successful programs required strong relationships with FSP head office staff and field agents. \n4. FSPs can creatively meet program-specific requirements when equipped with sufficient resources and understanding of user needs.\n5. Convenience of service – rather than technology familiarity – was a key success factor.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.calpnetwork.org/publication/partnering-for-success-e-cash-use-in-humanitarian-programming/", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Financial Services" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "MasterCard Center for Inclusive Growth", + "M-PESA", + "Safaricom" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;", + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Electric Cash Transfer Learning Action Network (ELAN)'" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Humanitarian Assistance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Industry Publication", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Financial Institution, Investors, and Intermediaries", + "For-profit Commercial Entity", + "Formal Sector" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Asia" + ] + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Darwin Marcelo", + "Aditi Raina", + "Stuti Rawat" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Haiti", + "United States", + "Japan", + "Turkey", + "Australia", + "Ghana" + ], + "Document ID": "0000-MARCE-GLO", + "Document Title": "Disaster Recovery Guidance Series: Private Sector Participation in Disaster Recovery and Mitigation ", + "Document Summary": "The document effectively covers disaster mitigation, preparedness, and risk reduction in case of natural hazards and provides several examples of it.\nFor the level of evidence, various examples from across the globe have been given in the article. That being said, the article explores local government involvement with the private sector. While the motivations have not been effectively covered, the document does speak to the sector and kind of support, and other value-added.\n\n", + "Key Findings": "When a disaster strikes, apart from the government response, a variety of other actors also step in to provide support, including non-profit organizations, aid organizations, international organizations, local communities and individual agents. The private sector provides post-disaster support, albeit in a less systematic, more ad- hoc manner. Strategic and planned partnerships between the government and the private sector for disaster recovery and mitigation remains an area for improvement. In this context, government effectiveness can be strengthened by leveraging existing private sector capacities and core competencies. Indeed, effectively involving the private sector in disaster recovery can open opportunities to increase resilience and reduce pre-disaster risks by building back better (BBB). Private participation in disaster recovery can also allow for faster and more efficient recovery efforts at a time when governments are already overstretched. Therefore, under the right enabling conditions, the private sector can make a very positive contribution toward disaster recovery and mitigation both in the short- and long-term. ", + "Key Recommendations": "The authors make the following recommendations: establish processes and agreements prior to a disaster; formally include the private sector in government disaster preparedness planning; provide an enabling legal and regulatory environment for the quick and efficient use of private sector resources and expertise; engage with international agencies to explore the use of credit enhancement instruments to encourage PSP. ", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.gfdrr.org/en/publication/private-sector-participation-recovery", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Engineering & Construction", + "Pharmaceuticals", + "Technology", + "Telecommunications", + "Retail", + "Transportation and Warehousing" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Geoeye", + "Digicel", + "Degenkolb Engineers", + "Caterpillar Inc.", + "Turkey Catastrophie Insurance Pool", + "the Association of Precise Survey and Applied Technology", + "FedEx", + "Teva", + "Google", + "UPS", + "Walmart", + "IBM", + "Microsoft", + "Chemonics International", + "Kokusai Kogyo", + "IDEO", + "WSUP", + "Telstra", + "Viettel" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Efficiency and Effectiveness", + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;", + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "World Bank’s Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Humanitarian Assistance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Industry Publication", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "For-profit Commercial Entity", + "Multi-national Business", + "Business Association or Cooperative", + "Formal Sector" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Global", + "Asia", + "Latin America and the Carribean", + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2020" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Elena Mărgulescu", + "Serghei Mărgulescu" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global", + "China", + "Vietnam", + "Malawi", + "United States", + "Mexico", + "El Salvador", + "Guatemala", + "Nicaragua", + "Honduras", + "Costa Rica" + ], + "Document ID": "0000-MARGU-GLO", + "Document Title": "Parametric Insurance Cover for Natural Catastrophe Risks", + "Document Summary": "The document talks about how parametric insurance or other forms of financial risk hedging are helping countries deal with natural catastrophes. The document summarizes a number of case studies included in the Swiss Re publication “Closing the financial gap” (2011) illustrating how new forms of cooperation between the public and private sectors can help countries to finance disaster risks. \n\n", + "Key Findings": "With economic losses of over USD 370 billion caused by 325 catastrophic events, 2011 ranks as the worst ever year in terms of costs to society due to natural catastrophes and man-made disasters. In the same time, 2011 is the second most expensive year in the history for the insurance industry, with insured losses from catastrophic events amounting to USD 116 bn. Both the high level of damages and insured losses, as well as the unprecedented gap between the two values, made insurers and reinsurers worldwide to understand that some risks had so far been underestimated and they have to be better integrated in the catastrophes modelling. On the other hand, governments have to protect themselves against the financial impact of natural catastrophes and new forms of cooperation between the public and private sectors can help countries finance disaster risks. Viewed in a country’s wider risk management context, the purchase of parametric insurance cover, which transfers natural catastrophe risk to the private sector using an index-based trigger, is a necessary shift towards a pre- emptive risk management strategy. This kind of approach can be pursued by central governments or at the level of provincial or municipal governments, and a number of case studies included in the publication “Closing the financial gap” by Swiss Re (2011) illustrates how new forms of parametric insurance can help countries finance disaster risks.\nThe main factors contributing to this growth are significant economic development, population growth, concentration of assets in areas exposed to catastrophic risks and accelerated climate changes of the last two decades. Damage size varies of course from country to country depending on the nature and intensity of catastrophic events, but everywhere it is found that most of the damage still remains uninsured. On average, over the last 20 years, only between 20% and 40% of the damage was insured. Level of insurance coverage depends on the insurance market development. In this respect the calculation of insurance penetration in national economies (the ratio between gross written premiums and GDP) shows, in the non-life insurance sector, a persistence of a significant gap between developed countries, where this indicator stands at 8.6%, and developing countries with only 2.9%.", + "Key Recommendations": "As a first priority, governments should ensure a functioning insurance market. This will help to absorb a big part of disaster losses suffered by individuals and businesses. Then, pre-event financing solutions that build up reserves, contingent finance as well as sovereign insurance solutions can alleviate the remaining financial burden on governments. Post-disaster financing through budgetary means, debt financing or donor aid should only come into play to cover residual losses once all other risk transfer solutions have been\nexhausted. By building up financial reserves or using insurance solutions, governments can reduce their financial burden after a disaster occurs. These measures also lower the volatility on the government budget and help improve planning certainty for the public sector. But disaster financing instruments should never be seen in isolation. Rather, they must be viewed in a country’s wider risk management context. Viewed in such a context, the purchase of parametric insurance cover, which transfers natural catastrophe risk to the private sector using an index-based trigger, is a necessary shift towards a pre-emptive risk management strategy.", + "Internet URL of Document": "http://www.globeco.ro/wp-content/uploads/vol/split/vol_1_no_2/geo_2013_vol1_no2_art_011.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Financial Services" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Swiss Re", + "Agribank Insurance Joint Stock Company (ABIC)" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Economic Growth", + "Humanitarian Assistance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Peer-reviewed article or other research report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Financial Institution, Investors, and Intermediaries", + "Formal Sector" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ] + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Philippe Duclos", + "Margaret Watkins", + "Melanie Marti", + "Rachel Mitrovich" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "0000-MITRO-GLO", + "Document Title": "A Review of the Private Sector’s Contribution to Immunization Service Delivery in Low, Middle, and High-Income Countries", + "Document Summary": "This document discusses the success of the Global Vaccine Action Plan. It focuses on expanding previous knowledge and findings presented in 2011 by Levin and Kaddar about the private sector’s role in immunization delivery for low, middle, and high-income countries. Concretely, the paper draws evidence from literature reviews and semi-structured interviews to identify new contributions, challenges and observations about the private sector’s work and incorporate more evidence from high-income countries to make relevant comparisons. . Three areas of private sector immunization delivery that were assessed include: \"contribution to immunization services; impact on equity of immunization services; interaction between the pharmaceutical industry and private sector.\" After reviewing the vaccine coverage rate the document identifies how it can be improved and gives suggestions to optimize immunization delivery. Some specific recommendations include identifying private sector companies that could be involved in vaccination initiatives, expanding dialogue between private and public sector organizations, training private providers, and establishing regulations for their operations. Furthermore, the document recognizes the need for increasing the availability of evidence on successful immunization programs. Some topics that should need to be researched include the effectiveness of regulatory systems and enforcement mechanisms, the identification of where private providers get vaccines from and if they are correctly licensed and the role of immunization programs in educational systems. \n\n\n", + "Key Findings": "• Evidence remains limited about the private sector’s contribution to immunization service delivery, impact on equity of immunization services, and interaction between pharmaceutical industry and the private sector.\n• While there are a number of countries that have successfully engaged with the private sector, others have had limited involvement or experienced challenges with private sector provision of immunization services.\n• Given countries’ varying and unique characteristics, a standard approach to engaging the private sector is unrealistic. However, identifying characteristics of strong programmes to guide and adapt to the country context is useful. ", + "Key Recommendations": "Furthermore, expanding the current body of evidence is essential to elucidate characteristics of a well-functioning immunization program. Areas that need to be highlighted as a research priority include: \n\n1) private sectors role in geographic scope leading to forecasting demand and stock-outs;\n 2) effectiveness of regulatory requirements and potential enforcement mechanisms; \n3) best practices for incorporation of private sector provision of immunization services into the NIP;\n 4) identification of where private providers are securing vaccines and if vaccines are licensed. \n\nAdditionally, the role of immunization delivery in private schools was not captured and should be addressed as a priority area given centrality of school-based immunization programs to meet coverage targets and compliance with national schedules. Through these mechanisms and extension of research, the interaction between public and private sectors can be optimized and immunization services can be strengthened to meet the goals laid forth by GVAP.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://cdn.who.int/media/docs/default-source/immunization/sage/2017/sage-meeting-of-april-2017/background-docs/session-private-providers-engagement-with-immunization-programmes/2_review_private_sector_engagement_mitrovich_et_al.pdf?sfvrsn=4604eb37_18", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Health Care" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Efficiency and Effectiveness", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Advancing Learning and Market Research;" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Health" + ], + "Type of Document": "Systematic review or Meta-analysis", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Formal Sector" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ] + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Miyamoto International" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "0000-MIYAM-GLO", + "Document Title": "International Development and Humanitarian Assistance ", + "Document Summary": "This report from Miyamoto International, provides an overview of the firm's involvement in international development and humanitarian assistance. \"Miyamoto International is a global, multi-hazard engineering and disaster risk management firm that builds resilience to sustain economies, safeguard industries, and save lives around the world.\"", + "Key Findings": "The private sector is a critical partner during disaster recovery and should be involved in preparedness planning from the start.\n\nHOW MIYAMOTO ENGAGES THE PRIVATE SECTOR\n• Information sharing + knowledge exchange\n• Development of common standards + practices\n• Public and private multi-stakeholder engagement to foster disaster resilience outcomes\n• Cost saving and shared investments\n• Positive behavior change of private sector in disaster risk reduction + disaster response\n• Increase exploration and collaboration with humanitarian + development actors", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://miyamotointernational.com/wp-content/uploads/Miyamoto-International-Brochure-2021-email.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Engineering & Construction" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Miyamoto International" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Risk-Mitigation and Flexible Authorities" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Miyamoto International" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Humanitarian Assistance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Industry Publication", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Formal Sector" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ] + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Jane Nelson" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "0000-NELSON-GLO", + "Document Title": "The Private Sector and Aid Effectiveness: Toward New Models of Engagement", + "Document Summary": "This brief is drawn from a forthcoming report: Jane Nelson, “Expanding Opportunity and Access: Approaches That Harness Markets and the Private Sector to Create Business Value and Development Impact,” John F. \nKennedy School of Government, Harvard University. \n", + "Key Findings": "Private-sector contributions and market-based approaches to development are by no means a panacea. Their potential can be undermined by governance gaps, market failures and bad business practices. Some of these obstacles can be overcome by collaboration with other development actors. Others call for regulatory oversight or vigilant nonprofit watchdogs and an open media. There will always be a need for governments, donors, philanthropists and NGOs to provide social services, cash transfers and safety nets to the poorest, most vulnerable communities.\n\nAt the same time, the private sector is an important part of efforts to improve development out-comes and stretch limited official development assistance and philanthropic dollars. Therefore, the donor community should collaborate more actively and closely with businesses at the operational and policy levels, both domestically and globally. There is great potential to jointly develop innovative new financing mechanisms, technologies and business models that will deliver more inclusive green growth in developing countries.", + "Key Recommendations": "To achieve better aid effectiveness and development outcomes, the private sector and official donors must:\n\n1. Cooperate to improve business investment climates\n2. Establish or strengthen mechanisms to ensure mutual accountability\n3. Scale up innovation to build inclusive and green value chains\n4. Coordinate efforts to strengthen health systems\n5. Build coalitions to enhance humanitarian assistance \n6. Integrate private sector participation into the dialogue on aid effectiveness.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/09_development_aid_nelson.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Financial Services" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Ability to Influence Policy", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;", + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "The 2010 Brookings Blum Round Table Policy Briefs" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Humanitarian Assistance" + ], + "Type of Document": "White Paper/Think Tank Report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Formal Sector" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2010" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "OECD" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "0000-OECD-GLO", + "Document Title": "PRIVATE PHILANTHROPIC FOUNDATIONS: OECD DAC Survey on Providers’ Response to COVID-19", + "Document Summary": "Given that by the end of April 2020 major philanthropic foundations had rapidly committed 1 billion US dollars as an immediate response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the OECD surveyed 70 of these organizations to assess the various financial and non-financial actions they undertook during the emergency. This document summarizes the OECD’s main findings, including a breakdown of the areas where the organizations’ financial contributions were destined, a description of their non-financial support mechanisms and policy efforts, and a list of ~20 foundations and their specific actions. The document reveals that philanthropic support during the pandemic largely focused on developing countries or global initiatives. Moreover, it acknowledges that philanthropic entities contributed by strengthening low-income countries by ensuring they had access to the COVID-19 vaccine, improving their WASH systems’ performance, supporting their microfinance institutions through technical assistance, and providing pro bono resilience guidance, among other initiatives. ", + "Key Findings": "Concerning the non-financial support of the surveyed foundations, many of them aligned their response to the pandemic with their general funding strategy as agreed by their trustees. In this respect, five distinct types of non-financial contributions could be identified:\n1. Increased flexibility. Approximately one-third of foundations, such as the Dutch Postcode Lottery and the MAVA Foundation, announced flexibility to their existing partners by lifting administrative obligations (e.g. reporting deadlines). Some philanthropies, e.g. the Ford Foundation, also loosened the restrictiveness of their grant making and allowed their partners to use earmarked funds for other purposes. In a similar fashion, some lending foundations initiated debt rescheduling discussions with their clients.\n2. Continuation of usual pay-out. While the crisis affected foundations’ endowment, many foundations manifested support to their trustees by committing to continue their grant making activities as usual and to refrain from budget cuts. \n3. Technical assistance. Another type of non-financial support was technical assistance, such as distributing guidance on crisis management, providing IT literacy training to facilitate teleworking or conducting various research activities related to the COVID-19.\n4. Large-scale fundraising. Several foundations showed their leadership by fundraising, establishing vehicles and launching influential engagement campaigns. For example, the Wellcome Trust announced its Covid-Zero initiative calling for USD 8 billion from the official sources and the private sectors and the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (BMGF) engaged in mobilising G7 leaders to secure coordinated international response.\n5. In-kind contributions. Some of the surveyed foundations provided in-kind contributions, such as medical equipment.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.oecd.org/dac/financing-sustainable-development/development-finance-standards/OECD-DAC-survey-on-foundations-immediate-response-to-COVID19.pdf", + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Flexibility and Pace" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Risk-Mitigation and Flexible Authorities", + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments", + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "OECD" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "COVID-19" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Health" + ], + "Type of Document": "Industry Publication", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Corporate Foundation" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ] + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Dorothea Wehrmann", + "Jorge A. Pérez-Pineda" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Mexico" + ], + "Document ID": "0000-PEREZ-GLO", + "Document Title": "Partnerships with the Private Sector: Success Factors and Levels of Engagement in Development Cooperation", + "Document Summary": "This document looks to see the inclusion of SDGs in private sector engagement. It looks specifically at two case studies, AS and GPEDC, to look at private sector engagement in regards to SDGs. At the national level, it is easier to maintain and enhance the engagement of private sector partners in development initiatives since terms of cooperation are more specific. It also suggests that monitoring frameworks are needed to help implement the SDGs more effectively.", + "Key Findings": "1. The cases of the AS and of the GPEDC have shown that, at the national level, it seems to be easier to enhance and maintain the engagement of private-sector actors in development initiatives because the terms of cooperation are more specific. This is particularly relevant in the context of the 2030 Agenda to specify expected outcomes according to local\nneeds and to generate ownership in the process. Thus, national development agencies are important focal points whose efforts need to be strengthened when aiming at incentivising private-sector engagement in development cooperation.\n\n2. To scale-up the impact of multi-stakeholder initiatives with private-sector actors, both at the global and national levels, monitoring frameworks are needed. Although they should be aligned with the 2030 Agenda in order to evaluate the expected outcomes of such initiatives, it is necessary to differentiate between the different formats of multi-actor partnerships and the settings in which they operate. The GPEDC and the AS, for example, try to enhance private-sector engagement for different purposes, as both partnerships are driven by different objectives. Ideally, the evaluation results deriving from such frameworks are used as a basis for further dialogue across the different levels of engagement—for example among AMEXCID and other development agencies in emerging economies or the GPEDC—to enhance knowledge transfer and the identification of unused potentials and challenges for international and South-South initiatives.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/978-3-030-57938-8_30.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Other" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Advancing Learning and Market Research;" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Humanitarian Assistance" + ], + "Type of Document": "White Paper/Think Tank Report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Formal Sector" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Latin America and the Carribean" + ] + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Hugh Peterken", + "Wasana Bandara" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "0000-PETER-GLO", + "Document Title": "Business Processes in International Humanitarian Aid", + "Document Summary": "This chapter describes the core business of International Non-Government Organizations (INGOs), depicts how the main aspects of Business Process Management manifest within INGO’s and points out the values and challenges of process-centric approaches within international humanitarian aid organizations. The latter part of the chapter vividly illustrates these aspects using two example cases within the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies.", + "Key Findings": "In the opinion of the authors, however, an approach to business processes that recognizes the realities of a people focused organization (Figure 4) could succeed. Processes must support staff in their key motivation, which is to get things done as quickly as possible to alleviate the human suffering that they see around them. Any process design and system implementation must recognize the expectations of users; that systems are there to support them and not just to deliver data to some far distant management entity. The systems must provide immediate value to the user (for example by displaying relevant knowledge depending on the progression of the process), must mimic the current intuitive applications of the internet generations (such as Skype, Facebook and Twitter) and must have a compelling accessibility (for example using local language). Creating a climate for investment in such systems requires donors who can understand the potential value of optimizing business processes. The ongoing costs of reviewing and optimizing processes and the IT systems that support them must be funded. The rewards from such an investment, would have the potential to improve the lives of vulnerable people far more than directly investing in specific programs in the field.", + "Key Recommendations": "Creating a climate for investment in such systems requires donors who can understand the potential value of optimizing business processes. The ongoing costs of reviewing and optimizing processes and the IT systems that support them must be funded. The rewards from such an investment, would have the potential to improve the lives of vulnerable people far more than directly investing in specific programs in the field.\nInsights from this chapter point to a number areas worthy for further investigation, for the progression of BPM and its application in the humanitarian sector. Investigations into the following areas will help to address some of the main issues identified: How can one measure the success of BPM initiatives within the humanitarian context? How can capabilities be built and sustained within the sector? What IT capabilities are necessary for the adoption and successful conduct of BPM? What are the unique characteristics of people focused (as opposed to task/process focused) organizations? What methods, tools and techniques will be successful in improving the processes of such people focused enterprises?", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://portailqualite.acodev.be/fr/system/files/node/593/business-processes-in-international-humanitarian-aid.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Other", + "Business Services" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Efficiency and Effectiveness", + "Flexibility and Pace" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;", + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Humanitarian Assistance" + ], + "Type of Document": "White Paper/Think Tank Report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "For-profit Commercial Entity" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ] + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Xing Fu-Bertaux", + "Louise Brown", + "Clifford Polycarp" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Thailand", + "South Africa", + "Tunisia", + "Indonesia", + "Mexico", + "India" + ], + "Document ID": "0000-POLCY-GLO", + "Document Title": "Mobilizing Climate Investment: The Role of International Climate Finance in Creating Readiness for Scaled-up Low-carbon Energy", + "Document Summary": "Limiting the global temperature rise to 2°C is one of the current major global environmental priorities. However, developing countries need approximately $531 billion per year of additional investment in energy supply and demand technologies between now and 2050 in order to achieve this objective. Because of this, it is necessary that governments and international organizations design policies and incentives that attract investments that contribute to the transition toward low-carbon energy generation. \n\nThis document draws evidence from six developing countries' case studies to present a framework to provide guidance for other developing countries to attract public and private investment to increase their low-carbon energy generation. By looking at different forms of renewable energy generation in Thailand, South Africa, Tunisia, Indonesia, Mexico, and India, the authors analyze the role that government influence and effective responses to price changes play in ensuring success in increasing investment. The framework describes some of the actions that governments need to undertake to create an adequate environment for attracting investment. Specifically, the report suggests that countries should ensure policy and institutional conditions like targets for low-carbon energy and laws supporting investment in low-carbon energy, industry conditions like engineering capacity and supporting infrastructure, and financial conditions like a stable economic sector. \n\nFurthermore, the report examines the ways in which challenges in the six developing countries were overcome with the assistance of its international partners and provides recommendations for the Green Climate Fund to support other developing countries in overcoming similar challenges they may encounter. ", + "Key Findings": "1. Small amounts of long-term funding for enabling activities can help scale up investment\n2. Integrated, inclusive planning processes and policy and institutional reform are key to attracting investment\n3. Tackling information barriers and strengthening industry and financial sector capacity can unlock investment\n", + "Key Recommendations": "The six case studies illustrate different approaches that various international partners have used to support readiness activities. The lessons learned\nare intended to inform the recently established GCF as it attempts to identify how best to support a paradigm shift toward low-emission and climate-\nresilient development pathways. Although the GCF’s detailed operational modalities are not yet defined, it could take a number of approaches to support readiness. These include supporting readiness directly or partnering with existing institutions; establishing distinct channels and allocations for readiness or integrating enabling activities into existing channels and allocations; and supporting readiness through the private sector facility.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://files.wri.org/d8/s3fs-public/pdf/mobilizing_climate_investment.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Financial Services", + "Energy" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Ability to Influence Policy" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments", + "Risk-Mitigation and Flexible Authorities" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "World Resources Institute" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Environment/Climate Change" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Financial Institution, Investors, and Intermediaries" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ] + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Population Services International (PSI)" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Côte d’Ivoire", + "Benin" + ], + "Document ID": "0000-PSI-MLT", + "Document Title": "PSI West Africa Sanitation Service Delivery Program Communications Framework", + "Document Summary": "PSI West Africa, Sanitation Service Delivery (SSD) Program is a Communication Framework designed to build the communications capacity of the SSD Team. The framework is built to align with the SSD Program Knowledge Management Strategy 2015-2019, and 2016 review. It presents a logical flow answering the questions: What to share? With whom? How to share? Who is responsible and in what timeframe? The framework has proposed a template that can be used to capture learning on an individual level. At a team level, an after-action review (AAR) has been considered a useful way to learn what happened and why, review successes and challenges, and make any required changes in direction. ", + "Key Findings": "The communications framework presented here aims to address\nthese needs by identifying a set of broad learning questions that help focus learning on sector knowledge gaps and by mapping target audiences, the decisions or actions the SSD team hopes to influence, and the communication channels they use.\n\nFurthermore, they can address the needs by providing a template for detailed communications planning and responsibilities, a template to help teams to systematically capture lessons and data from the field and finally providing links to guidance on preparing communications products such as blogs and success stories. ", + "Key Recommendations": "Learning questions should be revisited periodically; evolution of the learning questions will be reflected in prioritisation of audience and communication channels; which in turn guides communications planning.\n\nIn addition to the learning questions, there needs to be a systematic way for SSD field teams to identify, capture and share the wealth of learning and ideas that SSD implementation work produces.\n\nBy encouraging all staff to reflect often on what they have heard and learnt as they go about their daily implementation work, SSD can encourage a culture of learning and address a gap that was identified by teams in both Benin and Cote d’Ivoire.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00N4HD.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Health Care" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment", + "Advancing Learning and Market Research;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Population Services International (PSI)" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Health" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ] + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Document ID": "0000-QED-MLT", + "Document Title": "Performance Evaluation of the Enterprise Development for Global Competitiveness (Compete) Project", + "Document Summary": "This performance evaluation provides lessons learned and recommendations for future activities in relation to private sector development for consideration by the USAID / West Bank Gaza (USAID/WBG) Economic Growth and Infrastructure (EGI) team. The report shows that the project was successful in terms of demonstrating astute value chain understanding, it was equally the case that sector analysis, strategy, and intended results are inconsistently documented in any robust form. It is also reported that the project’s best results were achieved when either a market is already secured where a clearly identified market opportunity exists, or where an opportunity exists to activate a niche within a market. Those firms supported by Compete produce inputs and provide value-adding services previously needing to be purchased externally believe they are able to produce at a lower cost per unit than imported inputs and this is seen as paving the road to sustainability. Compete demonstrates that when a clear and accessible market opportunity exists, the private sector appears to be generally capable of managing itself forward in that market. ", + "Key Findings": "Since commencing in 2012, the Compete project has made a very important contribution to the Palestinian economy, being an important catalyst for private sector engagement of export markets across key sectors. As the largest project of its kind, the project has significant profile right across the Palestinian economy, and is valued by the private sector for its capacity to respond to sector development needs, cost share, pilot and scale-up innovation, advise and help facilitate linkages with export markets and buyers.", + "Key Recommendations": "The headline recommendation of this performance evaluation is that USAID commit to further support and progress competitiveness of the Palestinian economy through interventions in both West Bank and Gaza. Results achieved through Compete demonstrate that strategic and considered support to sectors and businesses can be catalytic in strengthening export readiness, building investor confidence and addressing bottlenecks, resulting in a strengthened Palestinian economy and growth in employment opportunities.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00TH6F.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, and Hunting", + "Processing & Manufacturing", + "Hospitality/Tourism", + "Telecommunications", + "Mining & Extractives", + "Technology" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Micro, Small, or Medium Enterprise" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Middle East" + ] + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Deborah Rubin", + "Caitlin Nordehn" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "0000-Rubin-GLO", + "Document Title": "Report on the BIFAD and USAID Consultations: Feeding the World in 2050: How Human and Institutional Capacity Development Can Support Agricultural Innovation Systems", + "Document Summary": "The report summarizes the input that scholars and practitioners working in the field of HICD have offered to enhance USAID programming to better achieve an innovative agricultural system capable of feeding the world in the 21st century. The report also presents the comments raised by outside panelists, BIFAD members, and the public at the BIFAD meeting held in Washington, D.C. on February 27, 2015, to suggest possible next steps in HICD research and activities. Together the reports offered over thirty recommendations to be considered by different stakeholders, including USAID, universities in the U.S. and in developing countries, national agricultural research institutions, NGOs, and firms. The three reports, each of which examines different dimensions of HICD include: i) Human and Institutional Capacity Development: Role of USAID and Title XII Under Feed the Future Programs (2014) by Victor Lechtenberg (Purdue University), Albert Ayeni (Rutgers University), Ralph Christy (Cornell University), and Carol Kramer-LeBlanc (Consultant), ii) Good Practices in Leveraging Long-term training for Institutional Capacity Strengthening (2014) by Andrew Gilboy and Anne-Claire Hervy; and, iii) African Higher Education: Opportunities for Transformative Change for Sustainable Development (2014). The main focus of the report is a synthesis of the participants’ comments during the three-day e-consultation or AgExchange.", + "Key Findings": "We can enhance HICD that emerged from AgExchange by:\n\n1. Designing human and institutional capacity development activities strategically, ensuring that individual leadership, management, and technical skills strengthen institutions.\n2. Strengthening long-term institutional capacity development activities.\n3. Building diverse partnerships of mutual interest and motivation.\n4. Supporting programs to be flexible, adaptable, and responsive to market need.\n5. Building both human and institutional networks.", + "Key Recommendations": "To organize a series of targeted convening with diverse partners on key topics emerging from AgExchange.\n2. To support investments in cost-effective, documented “best practices” for institutional change that would: i) include an analysis of the reasons that previous recommendations have not been\nimplemented, ii) test recommendations against evidence, and iii) identify the most critical constraints to success.\n3. To initiate and moderate a conversation about identifying goals for institutional performance and assessment that would be of mutual benefit for USAID and universities.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.usaid.gov/sites/default/files/2022-05/AgExchange%20Summary%20Report%20Final.pdf", + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Advancing Learning and Market Research;", + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Agriculture and Food Security" + ], + "Type of Document": "Systematic review or Meta-analysis", + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ] + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "SEED" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Egypt" + ], + "Document ID": "0000-SEED-EGY", + "Document Title": "SEED Statement of Differences and SIMPLE Evaluation Team Leader Response", + "Document Summary": "This performance evaluation provides an overview of SEED’s performance while delivering initial capacity-building materials in incubator operations and nonfinancial services ToT in entrepreneurship. The report does not follow any systematic approach in its structure and does not provide further details on the methodological aspects. The evaluation team has come up with findings, and an opportunity was given to SEED management to express their views. Across the report, the evaluation team has expressed strong disagreement with SEED’s response to the findings.", + "Key Findings": "Inadequate cross-component coordination and output-focused M&E indicators have reduced SEED’s efficiency from the outset, making it more difficult to see overarching objectives and engage stakeholders/beneficiaries in multiple component activities. However, recent changes in management have significantly strengthened operating and M&E systems while increasing awareness among technical staff of critical higher-level programmatic objectives. As SEED does not consistently disaggregate gender data nor track baselines upon which to compare, it is not possible to prove that gender differences or gaps were appropriately addressed by the project. There is no evidence of situation analyses to determine the types of financial products required by MSMEs, e.g., the financial literacy training materials used with 200 Agricultural Bank employees detail differences in financial products but do not address practical money management or financial practices for growing small businesses. With some of these findings and recommendations, SEED really needs to work hard to address the issues that are identified by the evaluation team.", + "Key Recommendations": "One of the recommendations that the evaluation team has made for SEED is to follow a more systematic approach while assessing the development needs of its stakeholders and beneficiaries including disadvantaged populations prior to any new interventions to make SEED’s performance further better. The evaluation team suggests that more concentrated effort while choosing and working with fewer public sectors with a narrower intervention focus will have a high probability of success. ", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PBAAJ747.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Processing & Manufacturing", + "Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, and Hunting", + "Food & Beverage", + "Telecommunications" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Clorox", + "Telecom Egypt" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge", + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;", + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "SEED" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Multi-national Business", + "Large Enterprise", + "American Business", + "Regional Business", + "Formal Sector", + "For-profit approach that generates sustainable income" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Middle East" + ] + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Kealy Sloan" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Uganda", + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "0000-Sloan-UGA", + "Document Title": "Private Sector Consultation on Climate Smart Agriculture: Coffee", + "Document Summary": "Published by the USAID/ Feed the Future Project, the Private sector consultation on climate-smart agriculture is a PowerPoint presentation that gives an overview of the private sector’s understanding of climate-smart agriculture (CSA) and suggests alternative pathways to better engage the private sector in CSA activities. The short presentation covers the findings from the consultation of coffee companies in the way they think about climate risk and climate-smart agriculture, the types of activities in which they engage, and the types of climate information they use and/or need. \n\nThe results of this study are supplemented by results from a case study of Ugandan coffee companies, illustrating the use and need for climate information differs at the national level. The results give insight into the types of information that private sector companies are looking for to be able to design and implement effective climate-smart agriculture programs.", + "Key Findings": "One of the key findings of this study is that in order to successfully approach companies and tailor tools and resources to their needs, tool/resource developers need to understand the role of climate-smart agriculture within their business model and sustainability strategy, their motivations for investing in climate-smart agriculture and the types of tools and resources that would most benefit them. \n\nThere is some confusion over what is “climate smart” especially for those working close to the farm level and as such, information needs to be easily accessible and usable with better cross-sector collaboration. It is increasingly difficult to balance the need for short-term outcomes and longer-term investment/results.\n\nFurthermore, there is a need to make a business case around climate smart efforts – Cost and ROI are critical for investment decision-making. The report \n\nDepending on the company role as direct service provider, collaborator or catalyst, they have different challenges to investing in climate smart agriculture", + "Key Recommendations": "The report suggests an almost universal engagement and enthusiasm that the sector – companies, farmers, government, donors, research, and NGOs – must tackle this threat together and act fast. There was a sense of urgency and even impatience from some that the strategies and programs must be better coordinated, informed by credible science, and rigorously practical for farmers’ realities. With access to the right information in the right format, coffee companies will be more likely to utilize tools and resources to make informed decisions in the face of climate change.\n\nCurrent Needs:\nTo help farmers: \nSimple, uniform messages.\nSpecific practices to address specific problems (also to address currently observed climate change impacts).\n\nFor private sector actors:\nUpdated information in short info briefs, presentations, videos, etc.\nFocusing more on the short-term, but still need to keep awareness raising about the long-term implications of Climate Change (without scaremongering).", + "Internet URL of Document": "http://sustainablefoodlab.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/Private-Sector-Consultation-on-Climate-Smart-Agriculture-FtF.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, and Hunting" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Feed the Future" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Agriculture and Food Security", + "Environment/Climate Change" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Multi-national Business", + "For-profit approach that generates sustainable income", + "Formal Sector", + "Micro, Small, or Medium Enterprise", + "Large Enterprise", + "Regional Business" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa", + "Global" + ] + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Rebecca Solow" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Indonesia" + ], + "Document ID": "0000-Solow-IDN", + "Document Title": "Engaging Private Providers to Improve TB Outcomes in Indonesia", + "Document Summary": "This report explores the understanding of private sector patient and provider behaviors and motivations and identifies solutions that would align with these realities to most effectively improve health outcomes for private sector TB patients.\n\nBased on the interviews and focus group discussions, this review report focuses on four areas: BPJS-K participation, awareness of and participation in TB programming, the patient pathway, and key opportunities for improving the quality of private sector TB care. The review highlighted areas in which the private sector is delivering appropriate care to TB patients and areas that could be improved. The report discusses seven key opportunities that surfaced across the patient journey. Throughout this review, potential solutions were informed by private sector patient and provider perspectives, as well as input from the NTP, Dinas Kesehatan officials, and other stakeholders.", + "Key Findings": "The findings of this review focus in four areas: BPJS-K participation, awareness of and participation in TB programming, the patient pathway, and key opportunities for improving the quality of private sector TB care.\n\nBPJS-K Participation.\nOf the patients interviewed, 85% were enrolled in BPJS-K, and those patients who had coverage were familiar with BPJS-K policies and typically used it to pay for their TB care.\n\nPerspective on TB Guidelines and Programming.\nAmong doctors interviewed, 68% of GPs, 69% of internists, and 80% of pulmonologists said that they are aware of national guidelines regarding TB, and nearly all the remaining interviewees reported that they are at least somewhat aware\n\nPatient Pathway\nThis review was consistent with existing evidence that many people with TB symptoms first seek symptom-relieving care at private pharmacies. When the patients interviewed for this review decided to see a doctor, 65% visited a primary care provider, and 44% of those went to a Pusat Kesehatan Masyarakat (Puskesmas), or community health center.\n\n\n", + "Key Recommendations": "Throughout this review, potential solutions were informed by private sector patient and provider perspectives, as well as input from the NTP, Dinas Kesehatan officials, and other stakeholders. The solutions offered are:\n- Regulation is not a sufficient lever to drive behavior change in the private sector.\n- Incentives have the greatest potential to change behavior in the private sector.\n- Solutions for private providers must meet private providers’ needs: they must be targeted, simple, and consistent.\n- Recognize that patients play an important role in their own care.\n- Diagnosis is a key point of intervention, and improved diagnostic options are needed, especially in primary care.\n- Increase focus on primary care, both improving quality and retaining patients.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00SWQD.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Health Care", + "Pharmaceuticals" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge", + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Advancing Learning and Market Research;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID", + "Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Health" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Asia" + ] + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Ghana" + ], + "Document ID": "0000-USAID-GHA-B", + "Document Title": "Improving Cocoa Sector Climate-Smart Awareness and Decision-Making", + "Document Summary": "Improving cocoa sector climate-smart awareness and decision-making: key lessons from private sector engagement in the USAID learning community for supply chain resilience is a lessons learned document that provides brief information about the decision-making tools that the consortium has developed to guide cocoa companies’ climate-smart cocoa investments namely; (1) climate suitability maps and (2) geographically specific recommendations of climate-smart practices, captured in a training manual launched by Rainforest Alliance and the World Cocoa Foundation. The result was a set of clear, actionable recommendations by impact zone and by farmer’s abilities, paving the way for companies to improve the targeting of their agronomic training and support to farmers affected by climate change. Companies found it easiest to work through World Cocoa Foundation to minimize the confusion of too many stakeholders, and companies see a strong need for further CCAFS Consortium research to reinforce the CSC recommendations and make the business case to farmers to apply adaptation practices by showing in $$ terms the costs and benefits of different farm investments were two main learnings came out from this engagement.", + "Key Findings": "This case study finds that CCAFS private sector engagement helped to socialize a shared definition and understanding of climate-smart cocoa and connected companies to practical tools to implement CSC. Company interviews identified that the manual was especially useful in informing companies’ strategy and decision-making. Furthermore, companies found it easiest to work through World Cocoa Foundation (industry platform) to minimize confusion of too many stakeholders.\n", + "Key Recommendations": "Companies see a strong need for further CCAFS Consortium research to reinforce the CSC recommendations and make the business case to farmers to apply adaptation practices by showing in $ terms the costs and benefits of different farm investments.", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, and Hunting", + "Financial Services" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Reputation and Credible Convening Power" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Advancing Learning and Market Research;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID", + "Climate Change, Agriculture, and Food Security Program (CCAFS)", + "Feed the Future" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Agriculture and Food Security", + "Environment/Climate Change" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Financial Institution, Investors, and Intermediaries", + "Formal Sector", + "American Business" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ] + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "USAID", + "Sustainable Food Lab", + "International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA)" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Ghana" + ], + "Document ID": "0000-USAID-GHA-C", + "Document Title": "Improving Cocoa Sector Climate-Smart Awareness and Decision-Making: Key Lessons From Private Sector Engagement in the USAID Learning Community for Supply Chain Resilience.", + "Document Summary": "Improving Cocoa Sector Climate-Smart Awareness and Decision-making is a case study from the private sector engagement in the USAID learning community for supply chain resilience. This case study shares lessons from industry engagement with the Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS)-led Consortium’s research on climate-smart cocoa in Ghana, in connection with the USAID Feed the Future Climate-Smart Cocoa Program, led by the World Cocoa Foundation (WCF). \n\nWhile a large cross-section of the industry has been engaged in the effort, this document focuses on a subset of the companies engaged. Included are company-specific case studies which describe how Touton, Ecom, and The Hershey Company (Hershey), have leveraged the decision-support tools produced by CCAFS, namely climate suitability maps, the science underpinning the Climate Smart Cocoa Manual with recommendations by impact zone and various climate-smart agriculture (CSA) Apps. The report shares companies’ constructive feedback on remaining gaps and opportunities and concludes with potential future directions for CCAFS and USAID for effective partnerships with the industry. Accordingly, recommendations have been made to deepen collaboration with the national government, alongside private sector companies to increase effectiveness and expand financing options for cocoa farmers to be able to implement climate-smart recommendations such as tree renovation and rehabilitation, general farm maintenance, and help farmers to diversify income streams and transition to new crops that will require significant additional research, investment, and training. Without companies leading the charge here, there is a risk, without near-term prioritization by public entities that these communities fall through the cracks and slide deeper into poverty.", + "Key Findings": "Initial interviews revealed that the cocoa industry was primarily investing in the Sustainable Productivity Pillar of climate-smart agriculture through their investments in Cocoa Action. Some investment was also happening in small farmer livelihoods through efforts like the Cocoa Livelihood Program and companies’ own sustainability programs. Mitigation of GHG Emissions has only become a core focus of the industry with the recent commitments made to the Cocoa & Forests Initiative, with pledges to preserve standing forests and implement climate-smart cocoa on existing farms.\n\nThe CCAFS consortium focused on the third pillar, enabling more investment and action on the Adaptation for Resilience Pillar of CSA.\n\nThe interviews also highlighted two main benefits:\n1. Fostering a shared definition and understanding of climate-smart cocoa. Prior to these meetings, there had been varied levels of understanding among company sustainability teams of climate-smart cocoa. These meetings helped to clarify the distinction, namely the call to take into account varied vulnerability in different zones, and correspondingly different recommendations for adaptation practices or transformation practices. Based on this shared understanding, companies could act on their new knowledge and customize recommendations by vulnerability zone.\n\n2. Gaining familiarity with climate tools and analytics. Company sustainability teams are stretched thin, often dealing with information overload from all the reports that cross their inboxes. The climate-smart cocoa meetings were helpful forums for highlighting the key takeaways of the research and exposing companies to key outputs of the CCAFS work, i.e., the climate suitability maps of the different vulnerability zones and the CSC Manual.", + "Key Recommendations": "Future directions for USAID:\n1. There is opportunity to increase effectiveness by deepening collaboration with national government, alongside private sector companies.\n\n2. Companies shared that farmers lack financing options to implement many of the Climate Smart Cocoa (CSC) recommendations.\n\n3. There is need for public investment in Transform Zones.\n", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://sustainablefoodlab.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/COCOA-SECTOR-CLIMATE-SMART-AWARENESS-AND-DECISION-MAKING.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, and Hunting", + "Food & Beverage" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "The Hershey Company", + "Ecom", + "Touton" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Advancing Learning and Market Research;", + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Feed the Future", + "USAID", + "Climate Change, Agriculture, and Food Security Program (CCAFS)" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Agriculture and Food Security", + "Environment/Climate Change" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Multi-national Business", + "Financial Institution, Investors, and Intermediaries", + "American Business", + "Large Enterprise", + "For-profit approach that generates sustainable income" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ] + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Ghana" + ], + "Document ID": "0000-USAID-GHA-D", + "Document Title": "Trade Africa: Trade Facilitation Project - Ghana: Final Report: Leadership in Public Financial Management II (LPFM", + "Document Summary": "The report provides important highlights on the implementation of USAID funded “The Ghana Trade Africa: Trade Facilitation Project (TATFP) in 2016” as a part of the wider Trade Africa initiative, which sought to increase internal and regional trade within Africa and expand trade and economic ties between Africa and the United States. Ghana TATFP supported the Government of Ghana (GoG) in the implementation of its commitments under the World Trade Organization’s (WTO) Trade Facilitation Agreement (TFA). More specifically the report addresses the four TFA Articles they are Article 1: Publication and Availability of Information (Enquiry Points and Notifications), Article 6: Trade-Related Fees and Charges, Article 7.4: Customs Risk Management, and Article 8: Border Agency Cooperation and Joint Inspections. \n\nWhile TFA implementation represented the core of Ghana’s TATFP activities, the report also responded to windows of opportunity and requests from USAID/Ghana and the Government of Ghana to reform numerous policy initiatives in its high economic priorities. Some of the examples include support for Ghana’s Export-Import Bank (GEXIM), the development of a medium-term revenue policy (MTRP) for the Ministry of Finance, and the development of a Risk Register Template for the Ministry of Finance. The report presents lessons learned identified during the implementation of the Ghana TATFP as well. The report further highlights that Ghana TATFP, in a relatively short period of time, has been able to bring considerable improvements as countries continue to advance their development agendas, which wouldn’t have been possible without dedicated support and partnership with the Government of Ghana’s counterparts, active private sector engagement, and development partner colleagues. ", + "Key Findings": "In just over two years, the TATFP either built upon and/or supported the development of new mechanisms for inter-agency communications; drafted research reports and developed recommendations and tools for the GoG; organized dissemination and launch events on policies and agreements; and aided in the coordination of development partner activities. Technical assistance provided by Ghana TATFP has resulted in increased compliance with the TFA, including the framework for a sustainable path forward for Ghana’s NTFC. The TATFP also provided direct capacity-building support to MOTI, MoF, GRA – Customs, and GEXIM, enabling these authorities to better develop policies and internal practices to enhance Ghana’s competitiveness in the region and improve relationships with Ghana’s trading partners.\n", + "Key Recommendations": "Leverage available resources to build sustainability of results.\n\nBe nimble and look for opportunity to adapt as appropriate.\n\nCoordinate with donors and other stakeholders throughout the life of project.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00TJR2.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Business Services", + "Technology" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "West Blue Consulting", + "GCNet" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "For-profit approach that generates sustainable income", + "Regional Business", + "Multi-national Business", + "Micro, Small, or Medium Enterprise" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ] + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Indonesia", + "Congo (Kinshasa)" + ], + "Document ID": "0000-USAID-GLO", + "Document Title": "Success Story Driving Business Resilience & Engagement with New Approaches to Understanding Earthquake Risk ", + "Document Summary": "This is a short success story of the USAID ADVANCE Indonesia program. It outlines how the program increases private sector preparedness and involvement in disaster risk management for a reduction in lives lost, people\ninjured and social and economic disruption from an earthquake in Jakarta, Indonesia. ", + "Key Findings": "These steps build on global and Indonesia-specific best practices for private sector engagement:\nStep 1: Local community disaster risk assessment\nStep 2: Business resilience assessment\nStep 3: Disaster scenario planning workshop(s) and action planning\nStep 4: Private sector engagement in disaster risk management\n", + "Key Recommendations": "Taken together, this strengthens the ability of the private sector to prepare for, respond to and recover from earthquake disasters by:\n• Increasing the participation of businesses in disaster risk management\n• Improving the availability of earthquake and structural data for decision making\n• Providing practical frameworks to support earthquake disaster preparedness and risk reduction learning", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://miyamotointernational.com/wp-content/uploads/USAID-ADVANCE-Story-1-EQ-Risk_Apr-2021_TO-2019_09b-FINAL.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Engineering & Construction" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Humanitarian Assistance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Micro, Small, or Medium Enterprise" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Asia" + ] + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "U.S. Government" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global", + "Nigeria", + "Congo (Kinshasa)", + "Ethiopia", + "Bangladesh" + ], + "Document ID": "0000-USAID-GLO-A", + "Document Title": "Implementation of the Global Health Initiative", + "Document Summary": "Implementation of the Global Health Initiative (GHI) is a consultation document that provides thoughtful insight on a new business model to deliver GHI’s dual objectives of achieving significant health improvements and creating an effective, efficient, and country-led platform for sustainable delivery of essential health care and public health programs. The document is a highlight of the Obama Administration’s global health initiative which considers strategic investments in global health to mean progress in economic development, job creation, education, agricultural development, gender equity, and political stability impacting the security and prosperity of the United States. President Obama’s Global Health Initiative has recognized how health programs and weak systems in many developing countries are not meeting the needs of their population. While health services may be available, too often, they exist in an uncoordinated or ad hoc manner aligned around funding sources or diseases rather than the broader needs of the populations they seek to serve. The GHI helps partner countries improve health outcomes through strengthened health systems, with a particular focus on improving the health of women, newborns, and children through programs including infectious disease, nutrition, maternal and child health, and safe water. \n\nThe document highlights that building functioning systems will, in some cases, require a new way of thinking about health investments with increased attention to the appropriate deployment of health professionals, improved distribution of medical supplies, and improved functioning of information and logistics systems all while maintaining a focus on delivering results. In the end, success will be measured not by the robustness of the health system itself but by a country’s ability to meet the needs of key populations and improve health conditions. To meet this vision, the GHI will use a new business model for U.S. government global health assistance. The initiative will deliver on that commitment through a business model based on GHI’s core principles, drawn from the principles of effective development partnership announced by President Obama at the G-8 meeting in L’Aquila that includes implementing a female-centered approach, coordination, collaboration, and integration at all levels strengthening and leveraging other efforts, partnership with countries, and learning and accountability. \n\nThe document emphasizes that the Obama Administration’s Global Health Initiative has the opportunity to move global health to a new level of effectiveness, with a vision of long-term sustainability led by partner countries. Seizing that opportunity requires new investments in programs that recognize the centrality of women and girls to the long-term health and well-being of families, communities, and countries and that foster the development and expansion of high-performing and sustainable platforms for service delivery and the implementation of public health programs. It is one that the Obama Administration embraces as the leading edge of a future-oriented vision of this country’s contributions to global development.", + "Key Findings": "Building on a long tradition of U.S. government global health leadership and the unprecedented level of commitment manifested in recent years, the Obama Administration’s Global Health Initiative has the opportunity to move global health to a new level of effectiveness, with a vision of long-term sustainability led by partner countries. Seizing that opportunity requires new investments in programs that recognize the centrality of women and girls to long-term health and well-being of families, communities, and countries, and that foster the development and expansion of high- performing and sustainable platforms for service delivery and the implementation of public health programs. This is an ambitious endeavor that requires a full measure of commitment and collaboration across U.S. government agencies and with our global and national partners. It is one that the Obama Administration embraces as the leading edge of a comprehensive, future-oriented vision of this country’s contributions to global development.", + "Key Recommendations": "While specific disease and system priorities will vary by country, GHI implementation has four main components:\n1. Do more of what works\n2. Build on and expand existing platforms to foster stronger systems and sustainable results\n3. Innovate for results\n4. Collaborate for impact", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/2760E0ED9BDB5FB9492576C4001C08CD-govt.usa-feb2010.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Health Care" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Gavi Alliance" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "U.S. Government" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Health" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Multi-national Business" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Global", + "Africa", + "Asia" + ] + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "0000-USAID-GLO-C", + "Document Title": "USAID Resource Guide for Family Planning", + "Document Summary": "\"USAID Resource Guide for Family Planning” is a guide to tools and resources to support family planning programming and advocacy, which has pulled together key resources for Family Planning (FP) programming and advocacy at the country level. Section I of the document provides resources on advocacy, evidence-based family planning, recommended resources for FP programming, policy, etc. with a broad range of links to materials. Section II of the document provides a widely referenced publication such as “family planning saves lives, family planning for health and development, and fast facts: family planning with an external link to view the documents. \n\nSection III of the document provides resources related to population and reproductive health (PRH) technical leadership areas such as community-based family planning, contraceptive security, family planning-MNCH Integration, long-acting reversible contraceptives (LARCs), and permanent methods (PMs), healthy timing and spacing of pregnancies (HTSP), postabortion care (PAC), poverty and health equity, gender, youth, repositioning family planning in Sub-Saharan Africa, family planning-HIV integration, and high impact practices (HIPs) with the implementation framework. The document employs seven GHI core programming principles to instruct how it engages in global health. Section IV of the document lists the PRH, maternal and child health (MCH), and the President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) priority countries as well as the PRH centrally funded health projects. Section V of the document highlights high-impact practices and the elements to success in family planning, both references underscore proven evidence-based best practices in FP programming and policy. The documents are designed to inform program investments and are not intended to replace national FP strategies. Rather, their purpose is to synthesize knowledge and evidence for those advocating, designing, and overseeing FP funding and programs. These documents are intended to facilitate the use of evidence and experience by program managers and policymakers.\n\nSection VI features a range of lessons learned documents, briefs, guidance, and toolkits in FP including promising practice areas such as mHealth, mobile services, vouchers, etc. The documents provide links to tools, toolkits, and resources on FP practices and technical priority areas. This section also provides links to lessons learned documents in emerging and promising practices, where the evidence base is less robust, as well as lessons learned in proven practices. It also includes an overview and screenshot of the interactive HIPs map, showing ongoing programs in select HIPs in FP and a link to the Global Health eLearning website. Section VII provides links to wide-ranging FP programming resources. Included in this section are documents on FP indicators, program evaluation tools, USAID FP compliance materials, legislative guidance, resources on integration of services, sustainability, gender integration, private sector engagement, SEED programming model, and the ‘Guide to Fostering Change’ document. Section VIII highlights high-level policy advocacy resources that are designed to inform national FP guidelines and policies and provide resources for interactions with Ministries of Health. Section IX provides a comprehensive listing of tools, toolkits, resources, etc. on family planning and is updated regularly.", + "Key Findings": "The key aim of the guide is to pull together, in one place, key resources for Family Planning (FP) programming and advocacy at the country level. The guide provides an array of widely referenced resources in FP. Included are documents that explain the rationale and benefits of investing in FP, as well as more detailed programmatic and policy resources.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PNAED017.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Health Care" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge", + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Youth" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Health" + ], + "Type of Document": "Systematic review or Meta-analysis", + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ] + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Indonesia" + ], + "Document ID": "0000-USAID-IND", + "Document Title": "USAID ADVANCE INDONESIA PROGRAM Advancing Private Sector Engagement in Disaster Preparedness & Response in Indonesia", + "Document Summary": "This document, provides a succinct overview of USAID ADVANCE Indonesia Program.", + "Key Findings": "The USAID ADVANCE Indonesia Program is anticipated to improve public and private disaster risk reduction in Jakarta through the following outcomes:\n• Strengthened ability of private sector to prepare for, respond to and recover from earthquake disasters\n• Increased participation of businesses in disaster management\n• Improved availability of earthquake and structural data for decision making\n• Practical tools and frameworks shared across public and private actors to support earthquake disaster preparedness, information exchange and learning", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://miyamotointernational.com/wp-content/uploads/USAID-ADVANCE-Indonesia-Factsheet-FINAL-v021921i.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Engineering & Construction" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Jakarta Capital Special Region (Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta/DKI Jakarta)", + "Regional Disaster Management Agency (Badan Penanggulangan Bencana Daerah/BPBD)", + "National Disaster Management Authority (Badan Nasional Penanggulangan Bencana/BNPB)" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Risk-Mitigation and Flexible Authorities" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Humanitarian Assistance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Industry Publication", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Micro, Small, or Medium Enterprise" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Asia" + ] + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "DAI", + "USAID" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Liberia" + ], + "Document ID": "0000-USAID-LBR", + "Document Title": "USAID Liberia Community Infrastructure: Synopsis", + "Document Summary": "\"Liberia community infrastructure project (LCIP)” is a summary report of the USAID and DFID initiative in Liberia highlighting the project’s efforts in reintegrating ex-combatants and other war-affected groups into their respective communities keeping potential spoilers of the peace process occupied during a critical transitional phase and providing opportunities for ex-combatants and noncombatants to work together. It focuses on the economic and social rehabilitation of communities and the renovation of community structures in order to draw former combatants and war-affected populations back to rural and peri-urban areas. Project activities included agriculture, education, public work projects, vocational training, and social counseling clustering them into three phases. Phase I provides temporary work to ex-combatants and lays the foundation for reconciliation: analysis and mapping of conflict & social/friction, phase II sponsors, integrated work activities for ex-combatants and civilians and promotes reconciliation: outreach and awareness building. Phase III encourages community-led recovery and community mobilization, leverages programmatic effects: subcontracting and grants, and encourages sustainability through skill enhancement and entrepreneurship. ", + "Key Findings": "The document provides an overview of DAI's Liberia Community Infrastructure Program (LCIP). It aimed to reintegrate ex-combatants and other war-affected groups into the community during the peace process and provide opportunities for social and economic rehabilitation. \n\nThe program accomplished the following:\n1. By June 2007, a total of 5.4 million person days of employment was accomplished through all project activities.\n2. At least 1,032 micro-enterprises and other private sector firms were engaged over the course of LCIP.\n3. Around 14,726 people were engaged in some form of vocational or on-the-job training, including apprentices.\n4. Over 40,500 Liberians – ex-combatants and other war-affected people have participated in LCIP activities funded by USAID and DfID.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PDACN050.pdf", + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Ability to Influence Policy", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments", + "Risk-Mitigation and Flexible Authorities" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment", + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "DAI", + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Conflict" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Peace & Security", + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ] + }, + { + "Country(ies)": [ + "Uganda", + "Ghana", + "Côte d’Ivoire" + ], + "Document ID": "0000-USAID-MLT", + "Document Title": "KEY LESSONS FROM PRIVATE SECTOR ENGAGEMENT IN THE USAID LEARNING COMMUNITY FOR SUPPLY CHAIN RESILIENCE", + "Document Summary": "This document outlines the key lessons pertaining to private sector engagement for supply chain resilience. Specifically, it looks at how food and beverage suppliers are working with smallholder farmers to see if their supply chain is affected and how it connects to climate change. The case studies found that climate resilience takes a long time to occur for smallholder farmers due to unpredictability, but with the help of NGOs the partnerships between private sector partners and smallholder farmers can create change.", + "Key Findings": "The case studies outline a number of successful relationships in which NGO staff utilized and built on climate tools, like the CCAFS climate suitability maps, to create useful technical solutions for companies. For most companies increasing farmer resilience to climate change does not require a new technology but simply requires dissemination of useful information throughout the supply chain. NGOs are well suited to provide data and create solutions like guides, apps and training manuals because they often have experience working directly with farmers, extension officers and other field staff that are able to make real change among farmers.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.agrilinks.org/sites/default/files/resources/key_lessons_from_private_sector_engagement.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, and Hunting", + "Food & Beverage", + "Financial Services", + "Technology", + "Fast Moving Consumer Goods" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "The Hershey Company", + "Ecom", + "Touton", + "Barry Callebaut", + "Ben & Jerry’s", + "Nile Breweries", + "WCF", + "OLAM" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "IITA", + "CCAFS", + "CGIAR", + "Sustainable Food Lab", + "CIAT", + "rootcaptial", + "Feed the Future", + "USAID" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Agriculture and Food Security", + "Environment/Climate Change" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "For-profit Commercial Entity", + "Micro, Small, or Medium Enterprise", + "Large Enterprise", + "Multi-national Business" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ] + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Congo (Kinshasa)", + "Uganda", + "Madagascar" + ], + "Document ID": "0000-USAID-MLT-A", + "Document Title": "Using Political Economy Analysis for Biodiversity Conservation Planning", + "Document Summary": "\"Using political economy analysis for biodiversity conservation planning” is a case study report on artisanal gold mining in Kahuzi-Biéga National Park (KBNP) in the DRC, Uganda’s Lake Albert, and Madagascar’s Marine protected areas. This report explains the technical findings from using USAID’s Applied Political Economic Analysis (PEA) Framework for biodiversity conservation in the context of extractives. Synthesizing the key findings of these, the case study illustrates that threats to biodiversity are political and criminal and often involve conflict with customary rights to resources. The report shows how applied PEA is helpful in understanding the dynamics and incentives that accompany resource extraction. Threats to biodiversity not only affect the resources directly but also shape the behaviors of resource-dependent communities. For that reason, applied PEA can better inform conservation programming by explaining how potential points of leverage might be exploited to change behaviors in a positive direction. \n\nAll three cases highlight the importance of establishing conflict resolution mechanisms to address long-standing grievances, resolve immediate disputes about violations of traditional resources, or generally remedy the power inequalities of local communities struggling against powerful actors. Customary rights and the recognition of ancestral lands remain important even in the midst of the violent dispossessions that we associate with modernity. Customary identities persist in these resource-dependent settings for the simple fact that identities are linked to geography, even for the nomadic Vezo fishers, and semi-nomadic coastal people of Southwest Madagascar. These issues push the boundaries of what information is needed for good conservation planning. ", + "Key Findings": "In the DRC, the occupation of the park by armed groups engaged in artisanal mining has led to unprecedented losses of eastern lowland gorillas. Discovery of oil in the species rich Albertine rift region of Uganda created new economic opportunities as well as challenges to the governance of land and biodiversity resources. Madagascar’s coastal and marine biodiversity also plays an important role in the livelihoods and food security of the country.", + "Key Recommendations": "The applied PEA research identified three themes as indirect drivers of biodiversity loss that should be familiar by now:\n• Patronage networks, which play an important role in the illegal or unregulated acquisition of resources (e.g., fish, land, forest resources, minerals) and abuse of power leaves communities vulnerable to the above drivers;\n• Lack of accountability, which is related to failures of land use planning and security of property (armed occupation in the DRC, elites enabling dispossession of customary landholders in Uganda, and lack of enforcement of existing fishing regulations and coastal zoning in Madagascar); and\n• Criminality related to wildlife trafficking and unsustainable hunting or fishing practices related to and amplified by extractive activities taking place.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/pa00mbsz.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Business Services" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Integra LLC" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Ability to Influence Policy" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Conflict" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Environment/Climate Change" + ], + "Type of Document": "Political Economy Analysis", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "American Business", + "Formal Sector", + "For-profit approach that generates sustainable income" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ] + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global", + "Egypt", + "Liberia", + "Mali", + "Philippines", + "Tanzania" + ], + "Document ID": "0000-USAID-MLT-B", + "Document Title": "USAID Literacy Programs Fact Sheet", + "Document Summary": "This is the USAID literacy programs fact sheet providing important information about the learning challenges that primary schools in low-income countries are facing and USAID’s response to this. The report highlights that while primary school enrollment has increased significantly in the developing world over the past decade, recent studies show that in many low-income countries very little learning is occurring in the classroom. Most adults who lack basic literacy skills live in developing countries; two-thirds of illiterate adults are women. The fact sheet reveals that literacy rates are directly related to a country’s economic growth. A 10 percent increase in the share of students reaching basic literacy translates into a 0.3 percentage point higher annual growth rate for that country. Literacy also contributes to overall well-being. It has been found that women who participate in literacy programs have better knowledge of health and family planning and are more likely to adopt preventive health measures or seek medical help for themselves or others. ", + "Key Findings": "Through this case study, we find that illustrative examples of USAID efforts to improve literacy include:\n\n1. The Girls’ Improved Learning Outcomes (GILO) Project in Egypt works to re-energize thousands of teachers by introducing active-learning approaches and enhanced reading instruction.\n\n2. In Liberia, US!ID’s Early Grade Reading Assessment Plus Program engaged more than 10,000 students in grades 2 and 3 and 500 teachers in 180 schools in an effort to improve the teaching of reading.\n\n3. In Mali, where only 23 percent of boys and 10 percent of girls can read a simple sentence in French by the end of grade four, USAID has launched a nationwide Road to Reading program.\n\nAdditionally, USAID is evaluating the use of cellphones, tablets, PDA devices, micro-projectors, and eReaders, among other technologies to improve literacy and learning outcomes.", + "Key Recommendations": "In support of this goal, USAID is: \n\n- improving reading instruction by strengthening teacher effectiveness, increasing the availability and use of reading materials, and improving school management\n\n- strengthening primary education systems, improving policies, standards and benchmarks for reading\n\n- building parental, community, and private sector engagement in reading improvement efforts\n\nIn all of its efforts to improve reading skills, USAID emphasizes the importance of country-ownership, sustainability, the need for gender-sensitive approaches, the importance of measuring outcomes, and the use of innovative technologies and practices.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PDACS289.pdf", + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments", + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth", + "Conflict" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Education and Social Services" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Global", + "Middle East", + "Africa", + "Asia" + ] + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "USAID", + "Scott DeLisi" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Nepal", + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "0000-USAID-NPL", + "Document Title": "The U.S. Global Health Initiative: Winning the Future Together: America and Nepal", + "Document Summary": "Under the U.S. Global Health Initiative (GHI), the USAID in Nepal is implementing a “Winning the Future Together: America and Nepal” project to improve the health status of mothers, children, and families through family planning; maternal, newborn, and child health; nutrition; and infectious diseases including HIV/AIDS, neglected tropical diseases, sanitation, and hygiene interventions. The brief report presents important highlights on how the project is promoting security through the investment in the health of people in Nepal reducing the instability in the post-conflict environment and driving the economic growth that strengthens families, communities, and the country.", + "Key Findings": "In terms of promoting security, the article states that fighting global disease directly protects the health of citizens around the world because infectious disease knows no borders. U.S. global health programs in Nepal have saved millions of lives, reducing the suffering and hardship caused by disease. Lastly, GHI is making the most of every dollar spent on improving the health of the poorest families around the world, building on unprecedented American global health efforts to achieve broader and more sustainable outcomes while fostering innovation. For an investment of about $10 per person over five years, the U.S. aims to improve the health of 14 million men and women of reproductive age (15 - 45 years of age) and 3 million children.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PDACT266.pdf", + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments", + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth", + "Conflict" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Health" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Asia", + "Global" + ] + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Uganda" + ], + "Document ID": "0000-USAID-UGA-A", + "Document Title": "Improving Coffee Sector Climate-Smart Awareness and Decision-Making: Key Lessons From Private Sector Engagement in the USAID Learning Community for Supply Chain Resilience", + "Document Summary": "Working through a USAID Learning Community for Supply Chain Resilience grant, the Institute of International Agriculture (IITA) and Olam are working together in the Mt. Elgon region in Uganda to develop climate-smart agricultural (CSA) practices to help farmers to manage the specific effects of weather variability/ climate change to that region and lay them out in a “stepwise” pathway tailored to specific farmer segments to help them make a smarter and more timely investment in resilience-building practices. “Improving coffee sector climate-smart awareness and decision-making” draws important lessons from this collaborative effort. ", + "Key Findings": "The lessons documented in this report are drawn from the nature of agricultural practices that helped farmers to manage the effects of weather variability/climate change particular to a certain area (in this case, the Mount Elgon region), the way that the companies helped to enable farmers to make smarter and more timely investments in their farms, the way companies promoted the adoption of practices among farmer partners that helped them to build resilience to climate change for a particular sourcing area, the way that the companies better understand their farmers, and the way these companies most efficiently and effectively invested limited resources in different “types of farmers.”\n\nThe report highlights that the farmer segmentation to understand farmers’ motivation, ability, and desire to invest in practices, stepwise program development & training to improve uptake of climate-smart agriculture among farmers, and creation of demonstration plots for “stepwise” practices to understand CSA practices for coffee in specific geographies were some of the practices that were introduced from the learning purposes. Based on these pilot interventions and learning from them this report discusses the sustainability dimension of the intervention; barriers to private sector engagement with NGO partners and learning from the private sector engagement; and potential incentives that can attract the private sector to make an investment in the sector.", + "Key Recommendations": "Olam as a company has a particular set of characteristics that enable its decision-makers to invest in innovations for longer-term sustainability. As a direct service provider, it is interested in on-the-ground, real-time information and analytics that can translate into yield and quality gains for its farmers, and cost reductions through more efficient delivery.\n\nCompany wide commitment enables decision-makers to innovate in\nthis space.\n\nImportance of a leader/champion within the company that pushes for sustainability and understands the value that development partners can bring.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://sustainablefoodlab.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/COFFEE-SECTOR-CLIMATE-SMART-AWARENESS-AND-DECISION-MAKING.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, and Hunting", + "Business Services" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Olam International" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments", + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge", + "Risk-Mitigation and Flexible Authorities" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment", + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID", + "Feed the Future", + "Climate Change, Agriculture, and Food Security Program (CCAFS)" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Agriculture and Food Security", + "Environment/Climate Change" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Multi-national Business", + "For-profit approach that generates sustainable income", + "Large Enterprise", + "Formal Sector" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ] + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Uganda" + ], + "Document ID": "0000-USAID-UGA-B", + "Document Title": "Improving Grain Sector Climate Smart Awareness and Decision-Making: Key Lessons from Private Sector Engagement in the USAID Learning Community for Supply Chain Resilience", + "Document Summary": "This short brief highlights how to structure climate science for a company’s specific sourcing footprint, the challenge of finding resources for combating climate change, and the complexity of working with smallholder farmers. In this brief, an effort has been put in place to understand the risk being posed by the climate to the agriculture supply chain including erratic rainfall, which leads to crop loss and soil erosion. This causes flooding and the re-planting of crops, which leads to small farmers’ ability to adopt these changes due to poor investment capacity of small farmers and future supply risk among the next generation as a major threat to their supply chain. \n\nTo address some of these challenges, TechnoServe and SFL used the Guide to Assessing Climate Resilience in Smallholder Supply Chains to structure NBL’s climate risk assessment following the step-by-step process to know the risk, farmers, resilience, and how to build resilience, and monitoring the progress. The report presents the results of risks and made recommendations to build resilience for both barley and sorghum. The report also highlights the typical barriers to private sector investment, a multi-stakeholder approach to address the risk, company characteristics that favor investment in CSA, and entry points to facilitate investment.", + "Key Findings": "Typical barriers to private sector investment: A company’s need to deliver short term profits can be a barrier to investment in longer-term climate action, even when it is apparent that it is necessary.\n\nMulti-stakeholder approach: In the case of NBL in Uganda, resilience requires building human, social, financial, natural and physical capital among the farming communities.\n\nCompany characteristics that favor investment in CSA: Companies who already have some knowledge around climate risk are easiest to engage in climate smart agriculture.\n\nEntry points to facilitate investment: By creating lessons that are useful but simple, NGO’s can show the need to adapt for climate resilience.", + "Key Recommendations": "• Coordinate with Uganda Met and potentially commercial suppliers to install additional weather stations\n• Pursue partnerships with providers of forecasting information allowing dissemination to all providers\n• Support development of enabling environment (e.g. set up co-investment committee with other interested parties such as coffee growers in Mount Elgon area to develop weather station and communication infrastructure)\n• Invest in further extension activities to help farmers understand need, best use, and see benefit from improved seed\n• Explore partnerships for input-credit model to reach farmers directly or via aggregators", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Food & Beverage", + "Processing & Manufacturing" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Nile Breweries Limited" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments", + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment", + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Feed the Future", + "Climate Change, Agriculture, and Food Security Program (CCAFS)", + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Agriculture and Food Security", + "Environment/Climate Change" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Regional Business", + "For-profit approach that generates sustainable income", + "Formal Sector" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ] + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Uganda" + ], + "Document ID": "0000-USAID-UGA-C", + "Document Title": "Improving Grain Sector Climate-Smart Awareness and Decision-Making: Key Lessons from Private Sector Engagement in the USAID Learning Community for Supply Chain Resilience", + "Document Summary": "This outcome story shares how Nile Breweries Limited leveraged the Guide to Assessing Climate Resilience in Smallholder Supply Chains, part of the USAID Feed the Future Learning Community for Supply Chain Resilience, to further understand their climate risks and the possible interventions available to build resilience against climate change. This case also highlights the challenge of private sector actors to justify resource use to combat climate change and the complexity of working with smallholder farmers. The report concludes with the key findings of the assessment and the recommendations to build resilience against climate change. ", + "Key Findings": "Not only are NBL’s supply chains complex, they also have incidence of low human, social, financial, natural and physical capital, making them vulnerable to climate change. This article suggests that beyond financial capacity, building resilience will require engagement with other stakeholders. Taking on these challenges will require financial capacity and long-term planning and Finding a company champion who has the time and influence is crucial to success.\n", + "Key Recommendations": "1. The engagement between AB InBev, the Sustainable Food Lab and TechnoServe grew out of long term, trusted relationships.\n\n2. Having a competent implementation partner like TechnoServe, able to both manage local researchers and structure findings for a business audience, was another critical element of success.\n\n3. By creating lessons that were useful but simple, TechnoServe was able to create a better understanding of the need for climate investments.\n\n4. To drive results, companies with long term thinking are more well\nequipped to take on climate-smart agriculture as a way to mitigate risk.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://sustainablefoodlab.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/GRAIN-SECTOR-CLIMATE-SMART-AWARENESS-AND-DECISION-MAKING.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Food & Beverage", + "Processing & Manufacturing" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Nile Breweries Limited" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge", + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment", + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Advancing Learning and Market Research;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID", + "Climate Change, Agriculture, and Food Security Program (CCAFS)", + "Feed the Future" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Agriculture and Food Security", + "Environment/Climate Change" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Regional Business", + "For-profit approach that generates sustainable income", + "Formal Sector" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ] + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Christopher Spearin" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "0100-SPEAR-GLO", + "Document Title": "Private security companies and humanitarians: A corporate solution to securing humanitarian spaces? ", + "Document Summary": "In light of the need for humanitarian organizations to have adequate security for their operations, private security companies are now filling the void left by state forces. Little analysis, however, has been made of the impact of private security companies on the delivery of post-Cold War humanitarian assistance. To make this analysis, the article considers the changes in humanitarian activity, the relevant services offered by private security providers, the differing issues relating to legitimacy factors and financial and political implications, and the state of the mechanisms capable of bringing about positive change in the relationship between private security companies and humanitarian organizations. In the main, the article asserts that reliance on the private security option as currently endowed, organized, and managed, while pragmatic and not without its benefits, is a highly problematic solution for humanitarians.", + "Key Findings": "In assessing the impact of PSC-humanitarian relations, both real and potential, this analysis has offered the answers to a number of questions.\nQuestioning the need of humanitarian NGOs and IGOs for security reveals the threats directed at humanitarians unprotected by established legal norms based on the effects of what they do in intra-state conflicts. It is clear that humanitarian activity has a political impact making it a target. Questioning the need for PSC-humanitarian relations shows the hesitancy of states to intervene in all places, at all times, and for the required time period, for reasons pertaining to national interest and the fear of casualties. Questioning the hesitancy for some humanitarians to embrace this relationship fully is based on a false, antiquated premise of human rights violations. Finally, subsequent questioning reveals that the main issue of importance should concern how PSCs, alone and in combination with humanitarians, may reinforce a given order. Due to financial limitations and the conservative nature of international society, it seems unlikely that this will be ameliorated.\n", + "Key Recommendations": "Humanitarians must operate in a state system not amenable for their moral consternation. Pragmatic solutions such as Private Security Companies Humanitarian relationships are what set the dividing line between activity or inactivity, doing something or doing nothing at all. However, while not mutually exclusive, this favors stability over conflict resolution, and protection over good governance. Private Security Companies are an option for humanitarians, but the difficulties, and their potential for amelioration, must be acknowledged in the first instance. ", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13533310108413877", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Other" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;", + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Routledge: Taylor & Francis Group" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Conflict" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Humanitarian Assistance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Peer-reviewed article or other research report", + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2001" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Gilles Carbonnier" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "0112-CARBO-GLO", + "Document Title": "Coporate responsibility and humanitarian action", + "Document Summary": "This document talks about how Corporate Social Responsibility plays an important role in providing aid and how its effectiveness has been increasingly growing. Their primary engagement with the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) and Red Crescent has been examined, as well as other NGOs. Further rules on how the engagement should be shaped and the humanitarian aid rules of each organization have been examined.", + "Key Findings": "The paper shows that building relations with the corporate sector can serve to strengthen ICRC's diplomatic and operational outreach, provided that the objectives of business arguments in favor of engagement are clearly spelt out and acknowledged on both sides.", + "Key Recommendations": "According to Carbonnier, the ICRC should promote knowledge of and respect of international humanitarian law among private firms using operating in war-prone areas, as well as frank dialogue with companies that have a direct or indirect influence on the uses of violence. ", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.icrc.org/en/doc/assets/files/other/irrc-844-carbonnier.pdf", + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Ability to Influence Policy", + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "The International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC)" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Humanitarian Assistance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Landscape Analysis", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Multi-national Business" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2001" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "John Wilkinson", + "Annie Heaton", + "Fiona King", + "Angela Penrose", + "John Hilary" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "0200-HILAR-GLO", + "Document Title": "Globalisation and children´s rights – What role for the private sector?", + "Document Summary": "This document examines economic growth with a concern for children’s rights. The rate that resources are being spent is unsustainable and will affect future generations. The report looks at two aspects of economic globalization in regards to children’s rights and private sector engagement: foreign private sector investment and the privatization of basic services. The document concludes that a child- friendly model of globalization is needed through a reorientation of the current model.", + "Key Findings": "This report looks at two aspects of economic globalisation: foreign private sector investment and the privatisation of basic services. Each\nrepresents an increased level of involvement of the private sector in the lives of children, and each raises serious concerns in respect of\nchildren’s rights.\nForeign investment is often heralded as one of the great benefits of globalisation for poorer communities. At its best, such investment can\nprovide new opportunities to young people and their families not just through direct employment but also through linkages to the local economy.", + "Key Recommendations": "In light of the concerns outlined in this report, Save the Children UK is making three sets of recommendations in order to help make globalisation work in the interests of children, not against them:\n• a binding international framework for corporate accountability, including\ninternational standards on corporate practice, financial and operational transparency, and effective monitoring and liability mechanisms\n• a reversal of the current trend towards deregulation of investment, and a revision of international investment agreements in order to restore national capacity to regulate foreign investors effectively in pursuit of national development goals\n• a thoroughgoing review of the commitment to increased privatisation of basic services in institutions such as the World Bank.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://resourcecentre.savethechildren.net/document/globalisation-and-childrens-rights-what-role-private-sector", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Educational Services", + "Health Care", + "Food & Beverage" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Ability to Influence Policy" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Save the Children UK" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Youth" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "Industry Publication", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Formal Sector" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2002" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Malick Diara", + "David McGuire", + "Martin Alilo" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Regional", + "Mozambique", + "Tanzania", + "Zambia", + "Ghana", + "Nigeria", + "Uganda" + ], + "Document ID": "0400-Diara-MLT-pr", + "Document Title": "Corporate Social Responsibility and Public- private Partnership: The case of the Academy for Educational Development and ExxonMobil", + "Document Summary": "This report is a highlight of public-private partnerships that support CSR creating mutual benefits for all stakeholders. While contributing to the success of social, environmental, and health programs, public-private partnerships also have the potential to have a positive impact on business. In this context of growing interest in CSR, the Academy for Educational Development (AED) and ExxonMobil (EM) developed a synergistic partnership through the NetMark (NM) project, building on each partner’s comparative advantage to protect vulnerable populations from malaria while building a sustainable commercial insecticide-treated mosquito net (ITN) market. The production, promotion, and distribution of ITNs using vouchers, the coordination with public health and retail networks, and an overarching need to design a cost-effective and scalable model targeting pregnant women with subsidized ITNs are the key elements of this partnership. The article also highlights both potential and achieved benefits for the two partners regarding CSR.", + "Key Findings": "The report further emphasizes that this partnership enables the establishment of a cost-effective model for large-scale subsidies on ITNs for vulnerable populations and contributes to the expansion of the local commercial sector in establishing a far-reaching distribution network that can be maintained without the need for ongoing donor funding. Human resources are developing their skills in malaria prevention and in working with non-profit organizations, bridging the gap between profit and non-profit sectors. By demonstrating the feasibility and appropriateness of the RBM ITN framework, NetMark technical assistance is more and more solicited in global ITN discussions and/or replication of such interventions. USAID, NetMark’s major financial partner strongly recommends such an approach that builds on public-private partnerships. In this partnership, the initiative is built upon an existing public-private partnership with ITN producers and distributors working with national public health systems and was introduced as part of an overall strategy and process of building a sustainable market for ITNs in Africa. Building on this favorable environment, the development of an innovative model is being promoted and replicated by the NetMark-ExxonMobil Partnership but also other malaria actors. \n\nFinally, the report warns that there are no one-size-fits-all mechanisms of CSR that can be applied in each country or to each partner. Each situation must be considered in its own context considering the local geopolitical environment and available resources, but also in-country relationships established at the institutional and programmatic levels.", + "Key Recommendations": "This report suggests considering the following factors while scaling-up of this partnership model using vouchers to target pregnant women with ITNs:\n• The policy support at the national level for the expansion of the model in the national public health systems\n• The long-term commitment of ExxonMobil or other financial mechanisms such as the Global Fund to subsidize ITNs for pregnant women through the voucher approach\n• The financial and organizational capabilities of the production and distribution partners in providing the required ITN availability and geographic accessibility.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://link.springer.com/article/10.1057/palgrave.development.1100070", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Media", + "Business Services", + "Processing & Manufacturing", + "Chemicals", + "Retail" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "ExXon Mobil", + "Exp. Momentum", + "FCB Advertising", + "Bayer AG", + "Siamdutch Mosquito Netting Company", + "A-Z Textiles", + "Vestergaard Frandsen", + "Syngenta", + "Mossnet Industries", + "Harvestfield Industries", + "Sunflag Nigeria", + "Mozal" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Ability to Influence Policy", + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness", + "Flexibility and Pace", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;", + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Society for International Development" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Education and Social Services", + "Health" + ], + "Type of Document": "Peer-reviewed article or other research report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Formal Sector", + "Multi-national Business", + "For-profit approach that generates sustainable income", + "American Business", + "Local Business", + "Regional Business", + "Large Enterprise" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2004" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Shanta B. Pande", + "James N. Newell", + "Sushil C. Baral", + "Dirgh S. Bam", + "Pushpa Malla" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Nepal", + "India", + "Pakistan", + "Regional" + ], + "Document ID": "0402-Newel-NPL-pr", + "Document Title": "Control of tuberculosis in an urban setting in Nepal: public-private partnership", + "Document Summary": "This document provides key findings for the feasibility of implementing a public-private partnership for control of TB. It highlights that NGOs often show strengths in community involvement and advocacy. By combining the strengths of private practitioners, NGOs, and the public sector, public-private partnerships can provide services that give very high treatment success rates and increased case notification rates. It argues that a public-private partnership is not a static entity but continues to evolve to meet the changing strengths, weaknesses, and commitment of private practitioners, nongovernmental organizations, and the NTP.\n\nThis report concludes with a word of warning saying that a public-private partnership for the control of TB should be considered only when a country’s national TB program is strong. The public sector must take long-term overall responsibility for public health and needs to show commitment to ensuring that standards of care are maintained and to react quickly when problems arise. If the public sector is weak, a public-private partnership may encourage the private sector to expand the provision of TB services that have low patient retention and cure rates, thus threatening public health and potentially weakening the public sector still further.", + "Key Findings": "In the first 36 months, 1328 patients with TB were registered in the public-private partnership. Treatment success rates were >90%, and <1% of patients defaulted. Case notification of sputum-positive patients in the study area increased from 54 per 100 000 to 102 per 100 000. The numbers of patients with TB started on treatment by private practitioners decreased by more than two-thirds, the number of private pharmacies that stocked anti-TB drugs by one-third, the number of pharmacies selling anti-TB drugs by almost two-thirds, and sales of anti-TB drugs in pharmacies by almost two-thirds. Private practitioners were happy to refer patients to the public-private partnership. Not all private practitioners had to be involved: many patients bypassed private practitioners and went directly to free DOTS centres.\nA combination of the strengths of private practitioners, nongovernmental organizations, and the public sector in a public private partnership can be used to provide a service that is liked by patients and gives high rates of treatment success and increased rates of patient notification. Similar public-private partnerships are likely to be replicable elsewhere, as inputs are not large and no special requirements exist.", + "Key Recommendations": "Based on learning from Nepal’s experience, the report encourages other nongovernmental organizations or private clinics to become DOTS centers which should further improve patient access and enable the public-private partnership to continue should some partners withdraw. ", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.google.com/url?q=https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/72120/bulletin_2004_82%25282%2529_92-98.pdf?sequence%3D1%26isAllowed%3Dy&sa=D&ust=1594789832503000&usg=AFQjCNHEpCC3SchRGaXN-7qx4FtWh7dK1w", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Health Care", + "Pharmaceuticals" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Efficiency and Effectiveness", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities", + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Bulletin of the World Health Organization" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Health" + ], + "Type of Document": "Peer-reviewed article or other research report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "For-profit Commercial Entity", + "Formal Sector", + "Local Business" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Asia", + "Afghanistan and Pakistan" + ], + "Year": "2004" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Benedicte Bull", + "Morten Boas", + "Desmond McNeill" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "0408-Bull-GLO-pr", + "Document Title": "Private Sector Influence in the Multilateral System: A Changing Structure of World Governance?", + "Document Summary": "With the very normative question of whether increased private sector influence is inherently good or bad, the world is experiencing the privatization of multilateral institutions as a result of a financial crisis. In view of this, this document emphasizes the importance of complementing discussions of the efficient effects of private sector influence and the normative issues in which the critics engage, with a focus on power, legitimacy, and authority in the multilateral system. ", + "Key Findings": "In this article, we have emphasized the importance of complementing discussions of the efficiency effects of private sector influence and the normative issues in which the critics engage, with a focus on power, legitimacy, and authority in the multilateral system. It is then not selfevident that increased private sector participation necessarily leads to a weakening of the multilateral institutions. It may also strengthen the role of the institutions as actors in the global system. In particular, this is likely to be the case for multilateral institutions that are able to assume the role of nodal points in complex networks of governance emerging from the multitude of private-public partnerships now being developed. Increased private sector participation may indeed be a strategy by default, as it was developed against the background of insufficient funding from member states. But at the same time, it should be seen as a deliberate—and perhaps successful—attempt by the multilateral institutions to regain relevance precisely by placing them at center stage in a new structure of world governance based on public private partnerships organized along the lines of overlapping networks of governance. ", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://doi.org/10.1163/19426720-01004007", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Food & Beverage", + "Technology" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Ted Turner Foundation", + "Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation", + "Microsoft", + "Coca Cola", + "Cisco" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Flexibility and Pace", + "Ability to Influence Policy", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness", + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Advancing Learning and Market Research;", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Global Governance" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Democracy, Human Rights, & Governance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Peer-reviewed article or other research report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Corporate Foundation", + "American Business", + "Large Enterprise", + "Formal Sector", + "Multi-national Business" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2004" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Naim Kapucu" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "United States" + ], + "Document ID": "0606-KAPUC-USA", + "Document Title": "Interagency Communication Networks During Emergencies: Boundary Spanners in Multiagency Coordination", + "Document Summary": "The document talks about the 9/11 attack on New York and how interagency communication network is important for functioning during emergencies like this. Various surveys were done to determine the importance of IT and communication and its effectiveness before and after the attack.", + "Key Findings": "The study indicates the importance of establishing communications with other organizations before disasters occur to know proper contact points and to communicate effectively at the time of a disaster.", + "Key Recommendations": "In future disasters, it is critical to analyze how responding agencies, victims, and the public will get information and help. The problems of communication that occurred at the WTC disaster will likely recur in any extreme emergency of similar size if better communication systems are not developed in advance. In the future, it is important to enable responding agencies to share information in a well-coordinated way.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0275074005280605", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Technology", + "Telecommunications" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "University of Central Florida" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Humanitarian Assistance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Formal Sector" + ], + "Year": "2006" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "M. Ashiqur Rahman" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Bangladesh" + ], + "Document ID": "0700-KHAN-BDG", + "Document Title": "Partnership Approach to Disaster Management in Bangladesh: A Critical Policy Assessment", + "Document Summary": "This study aims to analyze, in the context of disaster management, whether the elaborate institutional mechanisms at different levels of administration in Bangladesh are embedded in a partnership of relevant stakeholders. In the context of the present paper, partnership means there has to be a shift from a managerial approach to a process of participatory, collective decision-making and resource sharing to achieve shared goals of pre-and post-disaster risk management. Since the local communities are the worst victims, an effective and sustainable partnership requires a shift from equal partnership to a focus on the community being the central partner (Bhatt 2005). Therefore, the central concerns of inquiry relate to: Who decides, at What level and How.", + "Key Findings": "In Bangladesh, there are pronouncements in different government policy, strategy, and plan/program documents about a comprehensive and integrated approach to disaster management. However, this approach is still largely on paper, rather than a reality. The culture of a partnership process in disaster management is not yet homegrown, so there is no internalization of this approach in the development strategies. The extremely divisive and partisan politics and the lack of accountability and transparency at all levels result in the absence of partnership among the stakeholders. This stands in the way of tackling the disasters in an integrated way. ", + "Key Recommendations": "The paper has suggested a partnership framework where new roles and responsibilities of some major players have been determined and explained. Effective implementation of the proposed framework is expected to bring in a partnership in disaster management in Bangladesh. Once this happens over a common, national cause like disaster management, this approach is likely to have positive impact on management in other sectors as well. The successful implementation of a partnership-oriented disaster management approach in a developing country such as Bangladesh can become a model for many other similar countries.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11069-006-9040-y", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Other" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment", + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Nat Hazards" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Humanitarian Assistance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Informal Sector", + "Local Business" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Asia" + ], + "Year": "2007" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Reinhard Mechler", + "Joanne Linnerooth-Bayer" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "India", + "Turkey", + "Malawi" + ], + "Document ID": "0700-LINNE-GLO", + "Document Title": "Disaster Safety Nets for Developing Countries: Extending public-private partnerships", + "Document Summary": "In developed countries, public–private partnerships involving insurance companies and governments often provide security against the human and economic losses of disasters. These partnerships, however, are neither available nor affordable in most highly exposed developing countries. In this paper [the authors] examine recent innovations in financial risk management that extend traditional public–private partnerships to include NGOs, international financial institutions and other donors. Importantly, these partnerships provide secure financial arrangements to low-income communities before disasters strike and thus relieve the uncertainty and anxiety of depending on ad hoc post-disaster aid for recovery and even survival. [The authors] examine three examples of extended partnerships: the Turkish Catastrophe Insurance Pool; the Andhra Pradesh microinsurance program and an index-based weather derivative for farmers facing drought in Malawi.", + "Key Findings": "Low-cost reinsurance provided by the World Bank has helped to make earthquake insurance affordable to most urban property owners in Turkey; international NGO support combined with cross subsidies in the insurance system have made microinsurance policies covering disaster losses affordable to women in the Andhra Pradesh region of India; and technical assistance offered by international organizations and a local NGO have made a drought loan–insurance package affordable to Malawi farmers. These nascent systems confront many hurdles: overcoming myopic behavior in Turkey where only 17% of households have purchased insurance, assuring that Andhra Pradesh and other microinsurers can sustain large losses, and confronting basis risk and problems of institutional stability in Malawi. It is too early thus to assess the success of these pioneering efforts. ", + "Key Recommendations": "The international donor community should consider refocusing disaster assistance to support pre-disaster risk reduction and risk transfer system.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1016/j.envhaz.2007.04.004", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Financial Services" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment", + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Environmental Hazards" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Humanitarian Assistance", + "Environment/Climate Change" + ], + "Type of Document": "Peer-reviewed article or other research report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Financial Institution, Investors, and Intermediaries" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2007" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Cosmas Milton Obote Ochieng" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Regional", + "Ghana", + "Tanzania", + "Nigeria", + "Kenya", + "Uganda" + ], + "Document ID": "0701-Ochie-MLT-pr", + "Document Title": "Revitalising African agriculture through innovative business models and organisational arrangements : promising developments in the traditional crops sector", + "Document Summary": "This paper draws on innovation, business, and organization literature to highlight some of the approaches that were used in revitalizing African Agriculture through innovative business models and organizational arrangements: promising developments in the traditional crops sector. Mainly, the document focuses on three concepts: value innovation, lead user focus, and organizational value logic. ", + "Key Findings": "Accordingly, it has highlighted the limitations of business and organizational models that have governed African agriculture and its R&D systems over the last 40 years. It has shown that the lack or neglect of business-competitive approaches has undermined value creation, at least in the traditional crops sector, to the detriment of the competitiveness of African agriculture. It has also shown that innovative organizational arrangements and business models can help create new market space and value addition for African agricultural products, for example by responding to the needs of a variety of user communities.\n\nIt must be emphasized that many of the ‘successes’ highlighted here are scattered and isolated pilot schemes established mainly through ‘donor-driven trends,’ notably including participatory and pluralistic research and extension approaches and competitive grants systems that have encouraged a number of public-private–civil society partnerships. The challenge of institutionalizing these approaches, wholly or in part, and up-scaling and out-scaling the scattered successes remains. This paper does not claim to have the solution to this challenge. But one lesson that can be derived from the case studies presented here is the need for the paradigmatic shift in the way agricultural R&D systems in Africa are conceived and the way they themselves conceive of their customers or user communities. ", + "Key Recommendations": "This paper argues that business-organizational issues in African agriculture merit urgent and high-level attention. One important implication for Africa is the need for the private sector to re-think its customer logic by viewing the poor, who constitute a majority of the African population, as potentially their most important customers. Such a revaluation of business logic may facilitate private sector ‘buy-in’, not only in institutionalizing business-competitive approaches but also in up-scaling and out-scaling scattered successes in African agriculture.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x0600231x", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, and Hunting", + "Processing & Manufacturing", + "Pharmaceuticals", + "Technology", + "Transportation and Warehousing" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Unilever" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities", + "Ability to Influence Policy" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Advancing Learning and Market Research;", + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Journal of Modern African Studies" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Agriculture and Food Security" + ], + "Type of Document": "Peer-reviewed article or other research report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Multi-national Business", + "For-profit Commercial Entity", + "Formal Sector", + "Local Business", + "Micro, Small, or Medium Enterprise", + "Large Enterprise" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2007" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Jan Martin Witte", + "Andrea Binder" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global", + "Bangladesh", + "Peru", + "Congo (Kinshasa)" + ], + "Document ID": "0706-BINDE-MLT", + "Document Title": "Business Engagement in Humanitarian Relief: Key Trends and Policy Implications ", + "Document Summary": "This paper was commissioned by the Humanitarian Policy Group (HPG). It is part of a broader HPG study into the role of the private sector in support of humanitarian action. This paper contributes by systematically exploring the new roles companies are playing in humanitarian action. It assesses the forms such engagement is taking, with a particular focus on partnerships, and explores the underlying motivations for engaging in new ways. It also addresses whether new forms of corporate engagement and new donor funding patterns represent potential competition to humanitarian actors, and how this impacts on humanitarian principles. The paper is a product of a scoping exercise to assess the depth and nature of non-commercial and commercial business engagement in humanitarian relief; eight illustrative case studies; and interviews with numerous experts and practitioners conducted over 2006 and early 2007.", + "Key Findings": "Key findings from the research show that business engagement in humanitarian relief has expanded in scope and size in recent years – in both voluntary and commercial ways. A range of factors, the most prominent of which are to contribute to positive branding and to motivate staff, drives companies to engage in humanitarian work. Companies wishing to pursue partnership arrangements tend to prefer in-kind assistance to cash aid. The vast majority of engagement relates to natural disaster relief, however, and the value of such engagements in financial terms remains small, relative to overall humanitarian financing. Perceptions of a growing trend of non-commercial company engagement in humanitarian relief may be based largely on effective public relations/brand management campaigns by companies involved in this field. The widely held perception that companies increasingly compete on a commercial basis with traditional humanitarian actors seems overstated. This perception may have been influenced by the highly publicised instances of corporations receiving large USAID contracts during the Afghan and Iraq wars. To date, commercial business engagement seems to be largely limited to reconstruction and long-term development.\n\nPartnerships with businesses can bring needed technical expertise and added capacity – but developing a strong working relationship takes time and effort. Past attempts to pursue partnerships with corporate agencies have often been frustrated as agencies are unclear about the intended outcomes for the partnership or view it as a way of developing a long-term funding arrangement. Partner selection should be based on a match between identified gaps, the skills and capacities on offer and the ability of the agency to manage the partnership. Equally, companies should seek not to limit themselves to natural disasters or high-profile cases – positive image is based on credibility and, in the long run, responding to greatest need will contribute more to such credibility than opportunistic efforts. Finally, companies should be more transparent about the contributions they make to humanitarian relief. Research in this area is hampered by companies’ reluctance to provide privileged information, irrespective of whether their engagement is based on a commercial or non-commercial model.", + "Key Recommendations": "Partner selection should be based on a match between identified gaps, the skills and capacities on offer and the ability of the agency to manage the partnership. Equally, companies should seek not to limit themselves to natural disasters or high-profile cases - positive image is based on credibility and, in the long run, responding to greatest need will contribute more to such credibility than opportunistic efforts. Finally, companies should be more transparent about the contributions they make to humanitarian relief. ", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.researchgate.net/publication/254109612_Business_Engagement_in_Humanitarian_Relief_Key_Trends_and_Policy_Implications", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Telecommunications", + "Technology" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Risk-Mitigation and Flexible Authorities" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;", + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Global Public Policy Institute", + "Overseas Development Institute", + "Humanitarian Policy Group (HPG)" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Humanitarian Assistance" + ], + "Type of Document": "White Paper/Think Tank Report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Multi-national Business", + "For-profit Commercial Entity" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2007" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Simon Hakim", + "Andrew J. Buck", + "Erwin A. Blackstone" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "United States", + "Canada", + "Mexico" + ], + "Document ID": "0711-BLACK-MLT", + "Document Title": "The Economics of Emergency Response", + "Document Summary": "This article focuses on funding of emergency responses in North America. Federal first responder funding is estimated to be $98 billion below the minimum required level over the 5 years ending in 2010. A significant portion of that shortfall can be covered by savings attained by eliminating non-public-good services, initiating public–private partnerships for meeting peak time demand in emergency situations, and contracting-out other public services. We concentrate on such savings in the context of response to false calls to police, fire, and ambulance services. ", + "Key Findings": "Solving the false alarm problem for police, fire, and ambulance services and eliminating some non-public-good police services could release significant service-hours and 23.7–31.4% of the required additional Homeland Security (HLS) annual spending. Reducing false alarms means 88,000 police, fire, and ambulance first responders could be shifted to HLS activities.", + "Key Recommendations": "This paper suggested that social welfare in the provision of emergency services could improve if government sheds services that are private in nature and contracts out services that could be improved under market conditions. Market conditions include local governments competing along with private entities. This solution does not consider the possibility that some individual cases could be better served through government provision. For example, charging all callers for ambulance service could harm those individuals that will not call for service. Also, efficient solutions will not necessarily produce equitable solutions. In fact, reliance on markets could yield situations where the conditions for the poor worsen and may suggest adoption of compensation schemes. The question is the extent of such undesired consequences. Clearly, a detailed empirical study is necessary to test both whether efficiency conditions indeed prevail and to measure the extent of any inequity consequences.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25474342?seq=1#metadata_info_tab_contents", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Technology" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Verified Response" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Efficiency and Effectiveness", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments", + "Risk-Mitigation and Flexible Authorities" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;", + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Springer Science+Business Media" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Humanitarian Assistance" + ], + "Type of Document": "White Paper/Think Tank Report", + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2007" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Canan Gunduz", + "Salil Tripathi" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "0800-Tripa-GLO", + "Document Title": "A Role for the Private Sector in Peace Processes? Examples, and\nImplications for Third-Party Mediation", + "Document Summary": "This paper will discuss the diverse roles played by the private sector during Track 1 peace processes in particular, drawing on a variety of examples from different contexts. These examples illustrate that where the private sector enjoys credibility (sometimes higher than state parties), has access to conflict parties, and a strategic interest in the resolution of a conflict, it can become actively involved and have significant impact on the course of a peace process, for better or worse. The paper does not take a normative stance on the desirability, legitimacy or appropriateness of private-sector involvement in peace processes. Rather, it takes the pragmatic stance that private-sector participation is a reality in many armed conflicts. The question therefore for other third parties, be they peacemakers, peacekeepers or peacebuilders, is how to relate to private-sector actors, and how to work with them in such a way that they can contribute positively to wider peace efforts, rather than doing harm. Under what circumstances private sector involvement is desirable and can be effective are critical questions. ", + "Key Findings": "Any role for business can only complement other elements of a peace process, and should not be seen as distinct. While businesspeople can, and often should, be strategic partners in a peace process, they cannot be the sole agents of change. Businesses are, in theory, able to act where others sometimes cannot. However, when business is seen as acting according to self-interest, its intervention can be counter-productive. In conflicts where economic factors predominate, and where changing the current power structure, including entrenched economic interests, is a matter high on the agenda of some of the warring parties, the role of business will be viewed with suspicion. The private sector's close involvement, particularly financing of peace initiatives, can easily skew the outcome to favor an economic model that the business community prefers, but which may not have consensus support across the society. ", + "Key Recommendations": "- Including private-sector positions, interests, and needs in conflict analyses\n\n- Assessing risk: how likely will private-sector involvement impact the peace process?\n\n- Potential impact on a mediator's own legitimacy and ability to work with the parties\n\n- balancing values and pragmatism\n\n- early awareness raising, outreach, and involvement\n\n- clarifying ways of working and division of labour\n\n- what role? each context has a different role for private sector to play", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.files.ethz.ch/isn/90802/Private_Sector_Peace_06_08.pdf", + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Ability to Influence Policy" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Centre for Humanitarian Dialogue" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Conflict" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Humanitarian Assistance", + "Peace & Security" + ], + "Type of Document": "Industry Publication", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "For-profit Commercial Entity", + "Local Business", + "Multi-national Business" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2008" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Sarah E. Frew", + "Hannah E. Kettler", + "Peter A. Singer" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "India", + "China" + ], + "Document ID": "0807-Frew-MLT-pr", + "Document Title": "The Indian And Chinese Health Biotechnology Industries: Potential Champions of Global Health?", + "Document Summary": "This case study report of Indian and Chinese biotech companies reveals a surprising and important focus on appropriate and affordable products for infectious diseases and other local diseases. In addition, recent changes in intellectual property (IP), industrial, trade, and regulatory policies have caused Indian and Chinese companies to move farther up the value chain by investing in innovative research and entering new and wealthier markets. This paper examines the successful business models of first-generation and local biotech companies in India and China. It has then explored the sustainability of these models in the context of today’s evolving global biotechnology markets. ", + "Key Findings": "India and China have made major progress toward establishing research- and innovation-based health biotechnology sectors. Local health needs, including diseases that predominantly affect the poor, have driven much of this success. We argue that emerging domestic firms can play an important role as reliable and high-quality suppliers of existing products and as innovators for global health needs. Indeed, these firms’ participation may make existing global health approaches more sustainable. However, global health stakeholders, including international donors and the Indian and Chinese governments, will need to fashion incentives for these companies to retain a strategic focus on the global poor.\n", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.27.4.1029", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Biotechnology", + "Pharmaceuticals", + "Processing & Manufacturing" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Cipla", + "Ranbaxy", + "Hetero", + "Avestha Gengraine Technologies", + "Bharat Biotech International", + "Bhat Bio-tech India", + "Bharat Serums and Vaccines", + "Biocon", + "Biological E", + "GangaGen Biotechnologies Ltd. (Bangalore)", + "Indian Immunologicals", + "Lifecare Innovations", + "Panacea Biotec", + "Serum Institute of India", + "Shantha Biotechnics", + "Transgene Biotek", + "Wockhardt", + "Shenzhen SiBiono GeneTech", + "Shanghai Sunway Biotech", + "FusoGen Pharmaceuticals", + "Shanghai Genomics", + "Bio-Bridge Science", + "Shanghai United Cell Biotech", + "Sinovac Biotech", + "Beijing Wantai Biological Pharmacy Enterprise", + "Shenzhen Chipscreen Bioscience", + "SinoGeoMax", + "Shanghai Fudan-Yueda Bio-Tech", + "Shanghai Huaguan Biochip", + "Tianjin SinoBiotech" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities", + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Ability to Influence Policy" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Health Affairs" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Health" + ], + "Type of Document": "Peer-reviewed article or other research report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Multi-national Business", + "Large Enterprise", + "Formal Sector", + "Local Business" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Asia" + ], + "Year": "2008" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Jing Gu" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Ghana", + "Nigeria", + "Madagascar", + "China" + ], + "Document ID": "0900-Gu-MLT-pr", + "Document Title": "China’s Private Enterprises in Africa and the Implications for African Development", + "Document Summary": "This paper has evaluated the growing presence of China’s private business sector in Africa. Currently, attention focuses on China’s State-Owned Enterprises (SOEs) in extractive industries. Less attention is paid to Chinese private enterprises. Conventional wisdom about China’s investment in Africa holds that it is largely resource-focused, conducted by large SOEs, and driven by Chinese State interests rather than market forces. The evidence of the practical realities of Chinese private companies in Africa beyond the resources sector presents a different picture. This study has shown the established view to be one-dimensional and thus significantly flawed as a general explanation of China’s role and impact in Africa. Consequently, the actual developmental role and impact of Chinese investment are often either misunderstood or misrepresented.\n\nIt requires a greater understanding of the relationship between the Chinese public authorities, mainly the Chinese government, and China’s private sector. This study has sought to contribute to the stock of knowledge on this relationship by evaluating the characteristics and motivations of Chinese private firms in Africa and assessing development implications. In addressing this, this study posed three central questions: (i) ‘What are the principal characteristics and trends of Chinese private investment and Chinese enterprises in Africa?’ (ii) ‘Who or what is driving this investment and the outward expansion by Chinese private enterprises – the Chinese authorities or China’s increasingly strong private entrepreneurs?’ (iii) ‘What are the implications of this growing private sector presence for African development?’ ", + "Key Findings": "Key findings are that the Chinese private firms have followed their own paths to Africa, and the primary factors driving private investment are African market opportunities, competition within China and the presence of a strong entrepreneurial spirit. An effective mechanism bridging a gap between China’s African Policy and its implementation in terms of private sector engagement is lacking. ", + "Key Recommendations": "To maximise development gains, a top-down and bottom-up ‘two-way street’ approach to Chinese public–private sector relations is necessary. This is a mutual learning process for the Chinese public and private sectors and also China–Africa relations. These are fluid relationships with each adapting to and shaping the other.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://doi.org/10.1057/ejdr.2009.21", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Telecommunications", + "Technology", + "Engineering & Construction", + "Processing & Manufacturing", + "Pharmaceuticals", + "Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, and Hunting" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Huwawi", + "Holley Group", + "Zhongxing ZTE Corporation", + "Ningbo C.S.I Power & Machinery Group", + "Haitian Suitcase and Baggage Company", + "Glory Garment Co. Ltd", + "Songlin Company" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities", + "Flexibility and Pace", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;", + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "European Journal of Development Research" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "Peer-reviewed article or other research report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Multi-national Business", + "Formal Sector", + "Micro, Small, or Medium Enterprise", + "Large Enterprise", + "For-profit approach that generates sustainable income", + "Local Business" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa", + "Asia" + ], + "Year": "2009" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Steven Horwitz" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "United States" + ], + "Document ID": "0900-HORWI-USA-pr", + "Document Title": "Wal-Mart to the Rescue: Private Enterprise's Response to Hurricane Katrina", + "Document Summary": " A recent study by the Kennedy School of Government (Rosegrant 2007a) carefully documents Wal-Mart's response from a business-process perspective. A short sequel (Rosegrant 2007b) looks at how Wal-Mart has tried to use that success to change the way disaster response takes place, with mixed results. However, neither these studies nor any other yet published offers a \"political economy\" of Wal-Mart's success. Wal-Mart's successful response to Katrina, along with the failure of FEMA and other government agencies, seems to confirm the more general conclusion of modern political economy that private institutions better mobilize resources than do public agencies. To those steeped in the literature of modern Austrian economics, the new institutional economics, property-rights economics, and public-choice theory, Wal-Mart's superior performance comes as no surprise. In this article, [the author] deploys these theoretical approaches along with recent work in the economics of organizations to offer a political economy narrative of Wal-Mart's successful response to Katrina.", + "Key Findings": "In contrast to the story of FEMA's failures, the largely untold but indisputably true story of Wal-Mart's success illustrates the advantages the private sector has in managing the logistical challenge of resource allocation during a natural disaster. The incentive provided by private ownership and the knowledge provided by market signals, such as prices and profits, all set in a competitive environment, create firms such as Wal-Mart that can respond with agility and improvisation to a crisis such as Katrina with results far superior to those achieved by government agencies. A political economy perspective on Wal-Mart's heroic performance strongly challenges the belief that with more will or resources or expertise, government can respond effectively to a major disaster. ", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.independent.org/publications/tir/article.asp?id=727#:~:text=Wal-Mart%20delivered%20truckloads%20of,government%20agencies%20to%20provide%20relief.", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Retail" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Home Depot", + "Wal-Mart" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;", + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Independent Institute" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Humanitarian Assistance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Peer-reviewed article or other research report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "For-profit Commercial Entity", + "Multi-national Business" + ], + "Year": "2009" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Lothar Rieth" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Sri Lanka", + "Thailand", + "United States", + "Burma", + "China" + ], + "Document ID": "0900-RIETH-GLO", + "Document Title": "Humanitarian Assistance and Corporate Social Responsibility", + "Document Summary": "This chapter addresses the potential for non-commercial business engagement in humanitarian assistance, with a particular focus on disaster relief. With only a few exceptions, the potential for corporate contribution to disaster relief operations has previously not been fully realized. There have only been a few partnership projects between corporations and the UN or corporations and civil society organizations. In addition, major donors such as the EU and national implementing agencies have been quite hesitant and disinterested in cooperating with business actors in the aftermath of natural disasters.\nAn examination of different types of non-commercial business engagement in the past and corresponding business motivations constitutes the starting point for the analysis. Motivations and conditions under which businesses engage in natural disaster response are identified. In conjunction with current donor policies, the potential of non-commercial business engagement and its major obstacles are discussed. General and detailed policy recommendations are formulated. ", + "Key Findings": "The results of this study show that business contributions to disaster relief can constitute functional supplements to disaster recovery operations, but in the short and mid- term perspective will only complement, not replace, public sector and civil society efforts. The analysis underlines two aspects: by definition business contributions, be they commercial or non-commercial, do not fully comply with the fundamental humanitarian principles of impartiality, independence and humanity. Yet, if ground rules for non-commercial business engagement can be established, then the potential contribution of business can be realized in natural disaster recovery. If properly crafted, partnerships with corporate actors can significantly contribute to improved humanitarian aid operations on the ground by providing additional financial and non-financial resources, thus making humanitarian aid more effective and, at times, more efficient.", + "Key Recommendations": "1. Establish a Standing Multi-Stakeholder Committee on Humanitarian Assistance\n2. Create a Business-Donor Consensus on Humanitarian Assistance\n3. Ensure Policy Coherence in Natural Disaster Response", + "Internet URL of Document": "http://www.disastergovernance.net/fileadmin/gppi/RTB_book_chp16.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Technology", + "Telecommunications", + "Food & Beverage" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Microsoft", + "Coca-Cola", + "Deutsche Post World Net" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Efficiency and Effectiveness", + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments", + "Reputation and Credible Convening Power", + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;", + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Humanitarian Assistance", + "Environment/Climate Change" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "For-profit Commercial Entity", + "Large Enterprise", + "Formal Sector" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2009" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Daniel S. Hamilton", + "Julia Steets" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Sudan", + "South Sudan", + "Afghanistan", + "Sri Lanka", + "India", + "China" + ], + "Document ID": "0900-STEET-GLO", + "Document Title": "Humanitarian Assistance: Improving U.S.-European Cooperation", + "Document Summary": "This book analyzes the policies and approaches of the European Commission and the U.S. Government to humanitarian assistance and develops recommendations for enhancing transatlantic cooperation and mutual learning in this field.\n\nThe chapters in this volume describe the current state of the transatlantic relationship in humanitarian assistance and pay particular attention to four central questions: \n• How could the transatlantic partners promote the linking of relief, rehabilitation, and development? \n• How could the transatlantic partners improve humanitarian performance through the implementation of lessons learned?\n• What role does business play – and how could it be more effective – in disaster relief and preparedness?\n• How could the transatlantic partners improve civil-military engagement when responding to disasters?\n\nThe 16 case studies in this book were created to help address these questions. The case studies focus mainly on humanitarian assistance to third countries, but they also include a domestic emergency situation that holds important lessons for emergency response and preparedness. The case studies cover diverse regional settings ranging from the U.S. to Indonesia, as well as different types of crises, including natural disasters, complex emergencies, and protracted crises.\n", + "Key Findings": "The U.S. Government views business as a legitimate player in humanitarian assistance, in part because USAID must work with businesses in order to meet its legal requirements as laid out in the Federal Assistance Regulations and Buy America Act. However, there is also a belief that by increasing donor capacity to deliver aid, business engagement may further the commitment to the world’s neediest. The European Commission on the other hand does not involve business in the direct provision of assistance due to institutional barriers preventing DG ECHO from funding anything but NGOs and the UN, and because of a strict understanding of the humanitarian principles precluding economic interests in influencing aid. As these conceptions are based on principles and assumptions rather than measured evidence and conclusions, a change in policy on either side of the Atlantic will require a shift in conceptions of assistance and how it should be delivered and governed. ", + "Key Recommendations": "1. Emphasize Informal Cooperation, Strengthen Multilateral Channels, and Hold High- Level Bilateral Discussions\n2. Improve the Capacity of Humanitarian Donors to Implement Lessons\n3. Decide on Desirability of LRRD. If Desirable, Strategically Define Opportunities and Develop Better Methods to Link Relief, Rehabilitation, and Development\n4. Maximize Business Contributions to Humanitarian Assistance, While Minimizing Their Risks\n5. Address Normative Problems of Civil-Military Interaction and Improve Operational Approaches", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.gppi.net/media/Steets_Hamilton_-_Humanitarian_Assistance_EU-US-Cooperation.pdf", + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Efficiency and Effectiveness", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Risk-Mitigation and Flexible Authorities" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;", + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment", + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Center for Transatlantic Relations", + "Global Public Policy Institute" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Conflict" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Humanitarian Assistance" + ], + "Type of Document": "White Paper/Think Tank Report", + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2009" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "World Economic Forum Global Agenda Council on Humanitarian Assistance" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "0900-WEF-GLO", + "Document Title": "A New Business Model for Humanitarian Assistance? A Challenge Paper ", + "Document Summary": "This document by the World Economic Forum fleshes out the argument for each of the six proposed requirements for the new vulnerability and protection business model.", + "Key Recommendations": "[The authors'] believe that the international community needs a new vulnerability and protection business model. This new model should have six requirements:\n1. A comprehensive risk framework;\n2. A reworked balance of spending between response, prevention and recovery;\n3. A big investment in national and local capacity;\n4. Fuller engagement of the private sector;\n5. Linking of the humanitarian to broader social and economic development issues; and\n6. Regional and international readiness to address cross-border humanitarian issues.\n\nIt is [the authors'] recommendation that these six requirements should be examined, assessed and fleshed out by those engaged in the pressing problem of meeting the increased humanitarian caseload. It is [their] intention to contribute with [their] own work and energy to implementing this recommendation.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.international-alert.org/publications/new-business-model-humanitarian-assistance/", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Pharmaceuticals", + "Technology", + "Transportation and Warehousing" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "UPS", + "TNT", + "Agility", + "IBM", + "Merck" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "International Alert" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Humanitarian Assistance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Industry Publication", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "For-profit Commercial Entity", + "Formal Sector" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2009" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Amandine J. Bled" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global", + "Brazil", + "United Kingdom", + "Canada", + "China", + "Mexico", + "South Africa" + ], + "Document ID": "0902-Bled-GLO-pr", + "Document Title": "Business to the rescue: private sector actors and global environmental regimes’ legitimacy", + "Document Summary": "This article aims at (1) assessing the extent to which the decision of Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) decision VIII/17 might reverse the CBD’s legitimacy crisis and (2) analyzing the issues at stake when private sector actors are involved in environmental regimes. In order to do so, the article analyses the consequences of decision VIII/17 in terms of internal—representation and transparency—and external—institutional efficiency and implementation—legitimacy. The study is based on extended empirical scrutiny of the negotiations linked to decision VIII/17. While adopting a general conceptualization of legitimacy, the value added by the study is to broaden the usual understanding of business strategies for environmental issues. In particular, this article shows how decision VIII/17 has generated several reactions—defensive as well as proactive—among the business community. At the practical level, the article proposes several recommendations to secure constructive participation of all categories of business actors in biodiversity governance. At the theoretical level, it calls for a change in deterministic visions of economic actors’ interests. In particular, this article examines the following research questions: (1) to what extent might decision VIII/17 reduce the legitimacy crisis of the CBD, and (2) which issues are at stake in the inclusion of private sector actors in environmental regimes? In order to deal with these two research objectives, the article conducts an empirical analysis of the consequences of decision VIII/17 in terms of the CBD’s internal and external legitimacy.", + "Key Findings": "The analysis of decision VIII/17 of the CBD on the further involvement of the private sector in the Convention leads to two results. First, it suggests some recommendations to strengthen the legitimacy of the CBD. Second, the case study sheds some light on two current theoretical debates in environmental governance: the link between private initiatives and intergovernmental regimes and the question of business strategies toward environmental issues. This article also demonstrates the need to better conceptualize the interactions between private and public governance systems. Moreover, the involvement of a broader range of enterprises, such as small and middle-sized companies from developing countries, is needed to achieve the CBD objectives. The analysis also reveals the importance of considering the broad diversity of business interests interacting with environmental governance. This article highlights how decision VIII/17 creates several dynamics inside the business community. ", + "Key Recommendations": "The analysis enables us to draw some practical recommendations on the legitimacy of the CBD. The further involvement of private sector actors can potentially play an important role in filling two of legitimacy’s deficits in the current biodiversity regime: the representativeness of its decision-making as well as the implementation of its principles. It is a positive step towards the inclusion of actors that have been mainly indifferent or obstructive so far. Moreover, the diversity of business skills and positions, when mobilised constructively, could represent a rich tool towards more biodiversity preservation.", + "Internet URL of Document": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10784-009-9092-z", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, and Hunting", + "Processing & Manufacturing", + "Biotechnology", + "Food & Beverage" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Efficiency and Effectiveness", + "Ability to Influence Policy", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Advancing Learning and Market Research;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics", + "Springer Science+Business Media" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Environment/Climate Change" + ], + "Type of Document": "Peer-reviewed article or other research report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "American Business", + "Formal Sector", + "For-profit approach that generates sustainable income", + "Large Enterprise", + "Micro, Small, or Medium Enterprise", + "Financial Institution, Investors, and Intermediaries", + "Business Association or Cooperative" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2009" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Seungho Lee" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "China" + ], + "Document ID": "0903-Lee-CHN-pr", + "Document Title": "Development of Public Private Partnership (PPP) Projects in the Chinese Water Sector", + "Document Summary": "This study analyzes the transformation of urban water services in China since the late 1990s focusing on the interaction between the government and private players in the form of public-private partnership projects. A couple of issues such as a lack of funds, outdated technologies and management skills, and underpriced water tariffs had deteriorated urban water services in China. To address this issue, Chinese authorities decided to adopt private sector participation in the urban water sector which attracted private players to contribute to public-private partnership projects. Water multinationals and Chinese companies actively participated in such new development. But myriads of risks were identified in the Chinese water market, including socio-political, institutional, regulatory, revenue and foreign exchange, and project construction and operation risks. The report further highlights that the key to the success of this policy shift depends on the extent to which Chinese authorities can provide an institutional platform for the improvement of urban water services with the participation of private players. Also, the changing role of the government from a service provider to a regulator is necessary.", + "Key Findings": "The institutional reform has attracted private players to contribute to public private partnership projects. Water multinationals and Chinese companies have actively participated in such new development. But a myriad of risks are identified in the Chinese water market, including socio-political, institutional and regulatory, revenue and foreign exchange, and project construction and operation risks. ", + "Key Recommendations": "The key to success of this policy shift depends on the extent to which Chinese authorities can provide an institutional platform for improvement of urban water services with the participation of private players. Also the changing role of the government from a service provider to a regulator is necessary.\n\nThe report suggests that to attract private investment in the water services sector, it can be wise for local governments to provide a certain level of financial subsidies for private investors.", + "Internet URL of Document": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11269-009-9531-1", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Other", + "Processing & Manufacturing", + "Financial Services" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Pudong Water Supply Corporation", + "Veolia", + "Suez", + "Thames Water", + "Sino French Company", + "Tianjin Teda Veolia Water Company", + "Teda Investment Holding Company", + "Degrement", + "New World Development Company", + "Sino-French", + "Everbright Environment", + "Marubeni", + "Anglican Water", + "Mitsubishi", + "Golden State Environmental Group" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities", + "Ability to Influence Policy" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;", + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Water Resources Management" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Environment/Climate Change", + "Democracy, Human Rights, & Governance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Peer-reviewed article or other research report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Formal Sector", + "Multi-national Business", + "For-profit approach that generates sustainable income", + "Large Enterprise" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Asia" + ], + "Year": "2009" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "John T. Scott" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "0904-Scott-GLO-pr", + "Document Title": "Cost-benefit analysis for global public–private partnerships: an evaluation of the desirability of intergovernmental organizations entering into public–private partnerships", + "Document Summary": "This paper explains the use of cost-benefit analysis for the evaluation of global public-private partnerships that combine international intergovernmental organizations with national governments, businesses, and the non-profit organizations of civil society. Cost-benefit analysis can identify and compare the social and private costs and benefits of the projects, thereby identifying cases where global public-private partnerships will provide socially desirable results when markets alone will not. Cost-benefit analysis can assess the necessity and the sufficiency of strategies proposed by the partnerships. The paper discusses modifications to the cost-benefit analysis required for its use in evaluations of global public-private partnerships, explaining the need for market-centered valuations but also explaining the role of alternative social valuations.", + "Key Findings": "Based on the investigation and analysis, the paper concludes that the policies of a national government and international intergovernmental organizations working through global public-private partnerships and market-centered social valuations of the present values of the streams of consumer surplus and producer surplus generated by the market system are not independent; thus, public policies can redirect economic resources to promote socially desirable economic activity. The analyses identify cases of market failure and point to the cases that global public-private partnerships can usefully address and provide tools for both prospective and retrospective evaluation of projects.", + "Internet URL of Document": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10961-009-9120-8", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Mining & Extractives", + "Health Care" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "British Petroleum" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Reputation and Credible Convening Power" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Journal of Technology Transfer" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Economic Growth", + "Health" + ], + "Type of Document": "Peer-reviewed article or other research report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Corporate Foundation", + "Business Association or Cooperative", + "For-profit approach that generates sustainable income", + "Formal Sector", + "Large Enterprise", + "Multi-national Business" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2009" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "C.V. Baxi" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global", + "India" + ], + "Document ID": "1000-Baxi-GLO-pr", + "Document Title": "Social Responsibility and Environmental Sustainability in Business", + "Document Summary": "Social Responsibility and Environmental Sustainability in Business is a collection of nine research papers written by well-known authors with expertise in the farming sector. Each paper focuses on different themes. The forward of the book under review details a case illustration of Indus Entrepreneur (TiE) Boston USA, which explains how social entrepreneurship can be encouraged and what measures are required to develop a public-private partnership. The book has provided an illustration of Pratham, a leading Indian NGO, as an example, which developed unique pedagogy for the basic skills in primary education and developed the typical model to recruit and train teachers. Another success story in social entrepreneurship is SEWA which started in 1972. This is a noble concept of unionizing women in the unorganized sector and seeks to promote resources for empowerment, finance, and health. The other chapter of this book illustrates the success story of the Deshpande Foundation, an American philanthropy organization focused on agriculture, education, livelihood, health, and globalization. There is also MIT's Deshpande Centre for Technological Innovation that produces knowledge in the area of biotechnology, information technology, nanotechnology, and environmental innovations. The Sandbox for innovation is a laboratory for evolving the best practices. ", + "Key Findings": "In another illustration, the opportunities for social entrepreneurship in the profit-centered industry are highlighted. The success story of Wainright Bank and Trust company provides insight into a diverse range of social and environmental initiatives. Yet another study highlights the approach to environmental sustainability-managing stakeholders through education. It highlights the frameworks of environmental reporting and disclosures. Another case study highlights the role of clean technology. The study provides information on the sources of clean technology. A chapter examines the sustainability practices in India and provides useful information on certain institutions operating in this field.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/097226291001400409", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Technology", + "Business Services", + "Financial Services" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Arup", + "Wainwright Bank and Trust" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities", + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Vision: The Journal of Business Perspective" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Environment/Climate Change", + "Democracy, Human Rights, & Governance", + "Education and Social Services", + "Economic Growth", + "Agriculture and Food Security", + "Health" + ], + "Type of Document": "Peer-reviewed article or other research report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "For-profit approach that generates sustainable income", + "Multi-national Business", + "Formal Sector", + "American Business" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Global", + "Asia" + ], + "Year": "2010" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Michael E. Blowfield", + "Catherine Dolan" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Kenya", + "Burundi", + "Congo (Kinshasa)", + "Madagascar", + "Malawi", + "Mozambique", + "Rwanda", + "Tanzania", + "Uganda", + "Zambia" + ], + "Document ID": "1000-Blowf-KEN-pr", + "Document Title": "Fairtrade Facts and Fancies: What Kenyan Fairtrade Tea Tells us About Business’ Role as Development Agent", + "Document Summary": "This article begins by highlighting the evidence for “business that can help alleviate poverty and can do so in ways that add value to the bottom line.” This is not especially strong, particularly if the business is thought of as a development agent, i.e., an organization that consciously and accountable contributes toward pro-poor outcomes. By exploring the experiences of producers of Fairtrade tea in Kenya, this article articulates the complex nature of what constitutes a beneficial outcome for the poor and marginalized and the gap that can exist between ethical intentions and the experience of their intended beneficiaries. ", + "Key Findings": "This article suggests that the promises made by CSR need to be treated with caution. First, it is a claim based on scant systematic evidence, and where justification has been sought, this is more likely to take the form of a business case for engaging in poverty alleviation than a case for why the poor should welcome business participation as a development agent. Second, it presents empirical data and illustrates examples from Aruka, Kenya to show the CSR ethical purpose and differences that can lie between what an ethically driven initiative seeks to achieve and its benefit to the community. \n\nThe evidence in this article describes Fairtrade as something paternalistic, partially reminiscent of preceding approaches to development going back to the colonial era.", + "Internet URL of Document": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10551-010-0558-2", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Food & Beverage", + "Business Services", + "Processing & Manufacturing", + "Retail" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Nestle", + "Tesco", + "Ahold", + "Cadbury", + "Gap", + "Nike", + "SustainAbility", + "Kenya Tea Development Agency Limited", + "Unilever", + "Transfair Germany", + "Clipper Tea", + "Finlays", + "CaféDirect", + "Vanrees", + "Ringtons", + "Bettys & Taylors of Harrogate", + "Sainsbury", + "Starbucks", + "McDonald's", + "Walmart", + "Co-Operative Retail Group" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Ability to Influence Policy" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment", + "Advancing Learning and Market Research;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Journal of Business Ethics" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Conflict", + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Economic Growth", + "Democracy, Human Rights, & Governance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Peer-reviewed article or other research report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "For-profit approach that generates sustainable income", + "Multi-national Business", + "Large Enterprise", + "Formal Sector", + "American Business", + "Local Business" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2010" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "M. Jude Egan" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "United States" + ], + "Document ID": "1000-EGAN-USA", + "Document Title": "Private goods and service contracts: Increased emergency response capacity or increased vulnerability?", + "Document Summary": "The United States public sector increasingly contracts with and relies on private firms to provide public goods. While this has brought efficiency gains in many contexts, in the disaster response context, these gains may be offset by increasing vulnerability to the public emergency response system by making it subject to the fragility of lean supply chains. Public–private contracts rely on the private law enforcement regime, an analysis of which indicates that there may be disincentives for private contractors to perform contractual obligations as disasters disrupt efficient supply chains and increase the cost of performance. This article argues that increasing public sector reliance on private contractor performance under extreme stress and uncertainty increases the complexity and interdependence of component parts of the disaster response system, key predictors of system failure. This article addresses the challenge of relying on private firms to provide public goods during a disaster and suggests several possibilities to increase reliability.", + "Key Findings": "Each of the previous possible solutions are attempts to repair fundamental disconnect between the public and private sectors using creative solutions based on either market or non-market solutions. With the NRF guidelines for private sector emergency response, the public sector resource crunch and the blossoming of a powerful private sector that relies on government contracting, the use of a private contract model in disaster response is likely to continue. The model likely creates efficiencies by pushing supply operations to the most efficient and experienced private organizations. However, the model also creates vulnerabilities that should be addressed before complete reliance on the private sector in emergency response activities", + "Key Recommendations": "For disaster response systems to work effectively and efficiently the public and private sectors will likely have to address some of the challenges posed by the public–private contract model, whether they do so in one of the ways suggested by this paper or an alternative method. There may simply be a fundamental problem in the emergency context—everything is unanticipated—that makes private contractual ordering difficult, but the public sector’s inability to meet all of the citizen’s needs during a disaster makes the public–private contract an integral part of response planning and coordination. This is just one facet of the challenge of designing less vulnerable and more foolproof response systems", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://daneshyari.com/article/preview/5081749.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Business Services" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Flexibility and Pace", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;", + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "International Journal of Production Economics" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Humanitarian Assistance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Systematic review or Meta-analysis", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "For-profit Commercial Entity" + ], + "Year": "2010" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Ehaab Abdou", + "Amina Fahmy", + "Diana Greenwald", + "Jane Nelson" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Jordan", + "Egypt", + "Lebanon", + "Qatar", + "Morocco", + "Regional", + "Bahrain", + "Syria", + "Iraq", + "United Arab Emirates", + "Yemen", + "Kuwait", + "Tunisia", + "Sudan", + "Algeria", + "India", + "Mexico", + "Bangladesh", + "Saudi Arabia", + "Turkey", + "Brazil", + "Malaysia", + "South Africa", + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "1000-Nelso-MLT-pr", + "Document Title": "Social Entrepreneurship in the Middle East: Toward Sustainable Development for the Next Generation", + "Document Summary": "Within the complex ecosystem of domestic governments, international donors, private businesses, and individual philanthropists, the emerging model of social entrepreneurship offers potential as one model to address the multi-sectoral challenges young people face in the Middle East. This report draws on existing literature to focus on four central principles of social entrepreneurship. They are; i) achievements of positive social impact, ii) non-conventional thinking, iii) use of sustainable methods, and iv) innovation that can be adapted and “scaled up” beyond the local context. This report draws analysis from the focused group with 78 globally recognized and awarded social entrepreneurs with the intent to examine trends and patterns. ", + "Key Findings": "Social entrepreneurship is emerging as one model to support youth development and employment in the Middle East while also tackling some of the region's other long-term development challenges, according to a new Middle East Youth Initiative-Silatech report.\n\nAccordingly, the report has drawn the seven common characteristics that exist among social entrepreneurs: i) They are a highly educated group, with most of them having attained university degrees and post-graduate degrees; ii) As children and youth, most of these individuals were engaged in extracurricular activities, including sports, the arts, and youth organizations; iii) a third of this group has studied, lived, or worked abroad and cites their experience abroad as a factor that has shaped their professional aspirations, most of them have an intimate understanding of or personal experience with the problems they are trying to solve; iv) A majority of them are pursuing systemic change, with many reaching out to governments to achieve wide-reaching impact; v) They are pioneering new areas of focus, service delivery methods, or products across a wide range of sectors; and vii) Due to issues of organizational and funding priorities, 73 out of the 78 internationally recognized social entrepreneurs are drawn from only five countries in the region: Egypt, the West Bank and Gaza, Jordan, Lebanon, and Morocco.", + "Key Recommendations": "The report highlights that social entrepreneurs in the Middle East are facing three broad categories of challenges, they are; i) Policymaking and governance-related challenges; ii) The need for greater institutional, operational, and financial support, and iii) The lack of social and cultural awareness and recognition of their work. To address some of these challenges, the report has offered a list of recommendations that are directed toward multiple institutions and stakeholders across regional and local levels. Key recommendations are; i) Clearly define social entrepreneurship in the Middle East; ii) Standardize benchmarks for measuring social and environmental returns and impact, iii) Support incubators and seed funds targeting youth-led social enterprise start-ups; iv) Assess the feasibility of national replication funds; v) Set up a regional social investment forum for scaling up youth initiatives; vi) Improve coordination of multistakeholder efforts; vii) Convene national and regional policy dialogues on legal frameworks, and ix) Strengthen the demand for and the culture of social entrepreneurship among youth and communities.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.brookings.edu/research/social-entrepreneurship-in-the-middle-east-toward-sustainable-development-for-the-next-generation/", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Health Care", + "Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, and Hunting", + "Educational Services", + "Financial Services", + "Media", + "Business Services", + "Energy", + "Mining & Extractives", + "Food & Beverage", + "Technology", + "Fast Moving Consumer Goods", + "Processing & Manufacturing", + "Retail", + "Hospitality/Tourism", + "Arts and entertainment" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Sakhrah Cooperative and Union", + "Sekem Initiative", + "Grameen-Jameel", + "Injaz Al-Arab", + "Ruwwad & Aramex", + "Procter & Gamble", + "Microsoft", + "Cisco", + "McKinsey & Co.", + "Zakoura", + "Starbucks", + "Citadel Capital", + "Tata Group", + "LYDEC", + "Orascom Corporation", + "Coca Cola", + "Danone Foods", + "Chevron", + "GE Foundation", + "BP", + "Gap", + "Intel", + "GHAFARI", + "Occidental Petroleum", + "National Beverage Company", + "EQI", + "Rockefeller Foundation", + "Acumen Fund", + "Google", + "PriceWaterhouseCoopers", + "Salesforce.com", + "Abraaj Capital" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities", + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Ability to Influence Policy", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness", + "Flexibility and Pace" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment", + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Advancing Learning and Market Research;", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Brookings Institution" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "Peer-reviewed article or other research report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "For-profit approach that generates sustainable income", + "Multi-national Business", + "Formal Sector", + "Financial Institution, Investors, and Intermediaries", + "Business Association or Cooperative", + "Local Business", + "Corporate Foundation", + "Large Enterprise", + "American Business", + "Regional Business", + "Micro, Small, or Medium Enterprise" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Middle East", + "Africa", + "Asia", + "Latin America and the Carribean", + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2010" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Klaus Grebmer", + "Frank Hartwich", + "David J Spielman" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global", + "Mexico", + "United States", + "Kenya", + "India", + "Colombia", + "Regional", + "Zimbabwe", + "China", + "Belgium" + ], + "Document ID": "1000-Spiel-GLO-pr", + "Document Title": "Public–private partnerships and developing-country agriculture: Evidence from the international agricultural research system", + "Document Summary": "This study report explains the role of public-private partnerships (PPPs) in promoting pro-poor productivity-enhancing technological innovation in the international agricultural research system. The study examines the extent to which PPPs are being used to overcome market and institutional failures that otherwise inhibit the development and dissemination of technologies targeted specifically to small-scale, resource-poor farmers in developing countries. Findings further suggest that PPPs in the CGIAR are relatively concentrated in two main areas: (a) accessing resources, information, and technology from the private sector to further center research and (b) commercializing technologies that are designed to improve crop productivity and post-harvest value addition. The report further highlights that the back-and-forth exchanges of knowledge and technology between the partners have accelerated the pace of research and made outcomes possible that the center could not have achieved in isolation. Focusing and prioritizing certain crops for research as CGIAR does as cultivar improvements have direct, beneficial impacts on the incomes and nutrition of small-scale producers or food-insecure consumers; thus, they are critical to achieving sustainable food security and reducing poverty. ", + "Key Findings": "Drawing on a survey of 75 PPP projects in the international system, findings suggest that while PPPs are changing the way the system manages its research agenda, few partnerships lead to joint innovation processes with the private sector. This indicates the need for closer examination of organizational practices, cultures, and incentives in the international agricultural research system.", + "Key Recommendations": "Specific recommendations include the need for the following:\n1) platforms on which to assemble relevant partners, identify incentive compatibility, agree on mutual objectives, and assign roles and responsibilities appropriately\n(2) resources commitments from all partners not only to a project’s research activities, but also to the coordination activities needed to manage and sustain partners’ commitment\n(3) organizational mechanisms to facilitate the exchange of knowledge and resolve conflicts arising from the process, \n(4) benchmarks and decision-points that allow partners to evaluate progress, revise the course of a project, and terminate the project as necessary\n(5) strategies to manage and mitigate the risks associated with projects, including both formal legal and financial strategies and informal strategies that emphasize external communications and political support.\n", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://doi.org/10.1002/pad.574", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, and Hunting", + "Biotechnology" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Western Seed Company", + "Seed Co.", + "Monsanto Fund", + "Syngenta Foundation for Sustainable Agriculture", + "Barwale Foundation", + "Li-Cor", + "Merial", + "Centro de Investigaciones en Palma de Aceite", + "La Federacion de Productores de Arroz", + "Monsanto Fund" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Advancing Learning and Market Research;", + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;", + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Public Administration and Development", + "Wiley Online Library" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Agriculture and Food Security", + "Economic Growth", + "Environment/Climate Change" + ], + "Type of Document": "Peer-reviewed article or other research report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Corporate Foundation", + "Business Association or Cooperative", + "Multi-national Business", + "Local Business", + "Regional Business", + "American Business", + "For-profit approach that generates sustainable income" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Global", + "Latin America and the Carribean", + "Africa", + "Europe and Eurasia", + "Asia" + ], + "Year": "2010" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Bojan Tičar", + "Katarina Zajc" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Slovenia" + ], + "Document ID": "1001-Ticar-SVN-pr", + "Document Title": "Public-Private Partnerships in Slovenia: Recent Developments and Perspectives", + "Document Summary": "In this article, the authors define and analyze the legal framework for public-private partnerships (PPP) as a new institution under Slovenian law. In the first part of the article, the authors define the EU’s concept of PPP which according to the authors, differs from one member state to another. A related issue is the question of the definition of ‘public service.’ Before defining and discussing new forms of PPP as determined in the 2006 Slovenian Law on PPP, the authors discuss the economic rationale for implementing the two types of PPP in Slovenia: special contractually based partnerships and corporate-based partnerships. The former can be a concession agreement or public-procurement agreement, while the latter is a type of newly established or newly transformed legal entity. In the next part of the article, the authors describe new legal procedures governing PPP arrangements in the future and offer some limited empirical evidence on those concession agreements that already exist in Slovenia.", + "Key Findings": "Following the article, the Slovenian concession law falls into the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) category of ‘adequate’, along with Hungary, Poland, Romania, and Macedonia, which indicates that the concession law is fairly effective and extensive with room for improvement. Slovenian concession law has not changed since being enacted in 1993; however, new PPP legislation, as described in this article, could improve Slovenian marks in the future since Slovenia has modeled its PPP legislation on the basis of, in addition to the suggestions of the EU, the 2000 United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) legislative guide on privately financed infrastructure projects that bind entities in the field of commercial, public services, as well as performers of non-commercial public services. As it is highlighted, no accounting rules have yet been mandated for Slovenian PPPs—especially for public sector participants. ", + "Key Recommendations": "To conclude, the new Slovenian rules and regulations can certainly be saluted ex-ante since they help to introduce an entrepreneurial spirit into the public sector. It will nevertheless be necessary, from the point of view of legal certainty, to adopt appropriate executive regulations and more specific legislation that will further clarify uncertainties that have arisen in implementing the existing legislation.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://doi.org/10.1163/157303510X12650378240232 ", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Financial Services", + "Engineering & Construction", + "Educational Services", + "Health Care", + "Mining & Extractives" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Risk-Mitigation and Flexible Authorities", + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;", + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Review of Central and East European Law" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Economic Growth", + "Democracy, Human Rights, & Governance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Peer-reviewed article or other research report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "For-profit Commercial Entity", + "Formal Sector" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Europe and Eurasia" + ], + "Year": "2010" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Mark Richard Hayllar" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "China", + "Regional", + "Thailand", + "Malaysia", + "Singapore" + ], + "Document ID": "1003-Hayll-HKG-pr", + "Document Title": "Public-Private Partnerships in Hong Kong: Good Governance - The Essential Missing Ingredient?", + "Document Summary": "This article examines PPP policies and projects in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China (HKSAR) over recent years. The report highlights that before adopting a PPP approach, it might seem prudent to allow opportunities for extensive public debate as to the rationale for the project, the nature of the relative costs and benefits, and the identification of those on whom these might fall. The report emphasizes that failure to adequately involve and consult with all potential stakeholders can easily lead not only to conflicts of interest and failures to recognize and secure the wider public interest but also to project failure. The lack of timely and effective engagement can be contentious and seriously damaging has been demonstrated by several recent potential PPP cases within the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China (HKSAR). ", + "Key Findings": "Ranked by several key agencies as having the freest economy in the world, Hong Kong might appear to be a particularly promising location for using PPPs to attain economic and social infrastructure development goals. Surprisingly, however, many potential PPP projects there frequently fail to reach fruition. Asking why this should be so, the article argues that the lack of certain critical ingredients of ‘good governance’ in Hong Kong has had a direct and negative impact on the fulfillment of its PPP potential. Of particular concern is government’s frequent disregard of public views and the exclusion of the public from early and meaningful participation. This reflects an approach that can perhaps best be described as reliance on ‘Government-Private’ rather than on ‘Public-Private’ Partnerships.", + "Key Recommendations": "In addition to facilitating appropriate and timely stakeholder and public participation, and while recognising that good governance is never going to be an easy concept either to define or to implement, the UNECE suggests five other principles to follow. These are, essentially: 1) Decency in forming and implementing rules without harming or causing grievance to people; 2) Transparency in making decisions; 3) Accountability with political actors responsible to society for what they say and do; 4)Fairness in applying rules equally to everyone in society; and 5) Efficiency in applying limited human and financial resources without waste, delay or corruption or without prejudicing future generations. ", + "Internet URL of Document": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8500.2010.00675.x", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Energy", + "Telecommunications", + "Transportation and Warehousing", + "Hospitality/Tourism", + "Health Care", + "Business Services", + "Engineering & Construction" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Western Harbour Tunnel Company Limited", + "New World Facilities Management Company", + "Hong Kong Institute of Architects", + "Hong Kong Jockey Club" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness", + "Flexibility and Pace" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments", + "Risk-Mitigation and Flexible Authorities" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Australian Journal of Public Administration" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Youth" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Democracy, Human Rights, & Governance", + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "Peer-reviewed article or other research report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Local Business" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Asia" + ], + "Year": "2010" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Kenneth W. Abbott", + "Duncan Snidal" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "1008-Abbot-GLO-pr", + "Document Title": "International regulation without international government: Improving IO performance through orchestration", + "Document Summary": "This paper highlights the effectiveness of international organizations (IOs) based on which lessons are drawn from existing IO activities to suggest additional possibilities for improving IO performance. The paper examines how IOs and states enhance their performance by reaching out to private actors and institutions, collaborating with them, and supporting and shaping their activities. ", + "Key Findings": "A better way to understand and improve IO performance is to consider the full range of ways in which IOs can and do operate—including, increasingly, by reaching out to private actors and institutions, collaborating with them, and supporting and shaping their activities. Such actions are helping to develop an intricate global network of public, private, and mixed institutions and norms, partially orchestrated by IOs, that we call “Transnational New Governance” (TNG). With proper orchestration by IOs, TNG can ameliorate both “state failure”—the inadequacies of IOG—and “market failure”—the problems that result when the creation and evolution of norm-setting institutions is highly decentralized. Orchestration thus provides a significant way for IOs to improve their regulatory performance. Some IOs already engage actively with private actors and institutions—we provide a range of illustrations, highlighting the activities of the UN Environment Program (UNEP). Yet there remains a significant “orchestration deficit” that provides real opportunities for IOs. We draw on the lessons of existing IO activities to suggest additional possibilities for improving IO performance.", + "Key Recommendations": "This paper recommends IOs work with private partners to expand their available capacities and resources to help IOs to diversify their reliance on states suggesting that such interactions can stimulate IOs to learn and adapt, offsetting some of their bureaucratic pathologies. To take advantage of these opportunities, IOs are suggested to become more proactive in facilitative and directive orchestration. Given the circumstances, IO orchestration offers promising addition to the repertoire of IOs that may improve their performance over a large and growing area of international regulation.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11558-010-9092-3", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Hospitality/Tourism", + "Energy" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "SustainAbility" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Efficiency and Effectiveness", + "Ability to Influence Policy", + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments", + "Reputation and Credible Convening Power" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;", + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment", + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "The Review of International Organizations" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Youth", + "Conflict" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Democracy, Human Rights, & Governance", + "Environment/Climate Change" + ], + "Type of Document": "Peer-reviewed article or other research report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Multi-national Business", + "For-profit approach that generates sustainable income", + "Formal Sector" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2010" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Ingo Potrykus" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "India", + "Bangladesh", + "Philippines", + "Vietnam" + ], + "Document ID": "1011-POTRY-MLT-pr", + "Document Title": "Lessons from the ‘Humanitarian Golden Rice’ project: regulation prevents development of public good genetically engineered crop products", + "Document Summary": "This paper documents lessons learned from the 'Humanitarian Golden Rice' project. The analysis is based on ten years of day-to-day experience with the public good project. Most of the analysis focuses on the public sector, with minor references to the private sector and one lesson on public-private partnerships.", + "Key Findings": "The paper talks about lessons learned from the Humanitarian Golden Rice project on negative attitudes to GE crops, regulatory process, the financial and time cost implications of excessive regulation, impact on food security of unscientific regulation, the social cost of over regulation, the role and limitations of the public sector, the role of the private sector and those with broad based commercial experience in the private sector, and the role of public–private partnerships.\n\nThe role of the private sector and those with broad based commercial experience in the private sector:\n1. The consequence of the above is a de facto monopoly for GE-products among a few financially potent companies and for industrial crops.\n2. There is goodwill in, and from those individuals with experience of, the private sector to support development of public good products with expertise and intellectual property, as long as this does not interfere with\ncommercial interests.\n\nThe role of public–private partnerships:\n1. Public–private partnerships function only, if there is a strong mutual interest also for the private partner and if the public partner can be considered reliable.\n2. Public–private partnerships require clear definition of, and\nthe related contractual basis for, those mutual interests and reliable management structures on the public side, to minimise liability risks for the private sector and to ensure that the public sector gets what it needs consistently from the private sector, despite changing personnel and business situations.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20650337/", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, and Hunting" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Syngenta Foundation", + "Rockefeller Foundation" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Elsevier" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Humanitarian Assistance", + "Agriculture and Food Security" + ], + "Type of Document": "Peer-reviewed article or other research report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "For-profit Commercial Entity", + "Formal Sector" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Asia" + ], + "Year": "2010" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Health Systems 20/20", + "SHOPS" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Ghana", + "Kenya", + "Namibia", + "Uganda", + "South Sudan", + "Tanzania", + "Zambia" + ], + "Document ID": "1011-USAID-MLT", + "Document Title": "Technical Exchange on Engaging the Private Sector to Strengthen Health Systems and Achieve HIV/AIDs Goals", + "Document Summary": "This document examines how to strengthen health systems and achieve HIV/AIDS goals through a technical exchange in the private sector. The purpose of the exchange is to share experiences, identify key factors and lessons, develop action plans, and encourage communication and networking. The document stresses that the need for good dialogue/communication is vital for private sector engagement.", + "Key Findings": "There were two cross-cutting themes that emerged throughout the presentations:\n Importance if including consumer voices: Many participants stressed the need to involve community groups and consumer perspectives. Concrete ideas included: i) adding a consumer perspective into current initiatives to update policy frameworks and regulations; ii) understanding community needs to ensure private providers are responsive to their needs; iii) learning why consumers often prefer the private sector.\n Scalability and sustainability: Many of the PPPs presented during the workshop are small in size and/or do not have large-scale reach (geographic coverage and/or number of people). There was\nmuch discussion and agreement on the need to not only document the growing number of PPPs in HIV/AIDS, but to also explore strategies to take them to scale. Tanzania – through its systematic contracting of FBOs and now commercial providers, and Ghana – through its national health\ninsurance scheme - offer promising approaches on how to take PPPs to scale.", + "Key Recommendations": "The Mombasa Workshop participants expressed a commitment to not only apply some of the lessons learned at the workshop but to also stay in contact with each other to continue sharing experiences and expertise. Towards that end, the organizing committee has agreed to:\n1. Draft and circulate a Workshop Report to all the participants for their comments.\n2. Establish a mechanism using internet technology by which the participants can communicate with each other. The organizing committee will also use this site to post all the workshop materials, country action plans, and additional references.\n3. Follow-up in three months (February, 2011) with each of the country teams to monitor progress on the country action plans\n4. Identify specific opportunities for continued learning through south-to south technical assistance and study tours.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://shopsplusproject.org/sites/default/files/resources/FINAL_Tech_Exchange_Health_Systems_and_the_Private_Sector_in_Mombasa_Kenya.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Health Care", + "Technology" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments", + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;", + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "International Finance Corporation", + "USAID" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Health" + ], + "Type of Document": "Industry Publication", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Formal Sector", + "Local Business" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2010" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "World Economic Forum" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Turkey", + "India", + "Thailand", + "Malaysia", + "Singapore", + "Sri Lanka", + "Indonesia", + "United States", + "Pakistan", + "Mexico", + "Bangladesh", + "Oman", + "China" + ], + "Document ID": "1011-WEF-GLO", + "Document Title": "Engineering & Construction Disaster Resource Partnership", + "Document Summary": "This report summarizes an ongoing effort by the World Economic Forum to serve as a catalyst for greater private sector involvement in responding to natural disasters. This report elaborates a new framework for the engagement of the engineering & construction industry sector during relief, recovery and prevention efforts as a result of natural disasters. The framework, called the Engineering & Construction Disaster Resource Partnership (DRP), builds on the experience of the Forum’s Disaster Resource Network (DRN) in India and Mexico, and the Logistics & Transport Industry’s Logistics Emergency Teams (LETs). ", + "Key Findings": "The humanitarian community has traditionally looked on the private sector primarily as donors and, in fact, corporate donations for humanitarian relief have steadily increased over the past several decades. Yet, in recent years there has been a growing call for greater direct involvement by the private sector in disaster response, particularly at the national level. The emphasis has shifted from seeing the private sector’s role as a donor to being more actively engaged in sharing expertise and capacity, both to reduce suffering and to help rebuild communities following a disaster, as well as to play a critical role in disaster risk reduction through prevention and preparedness.\n\nThe private sector is developing a greater awareness of its own vulnerability to natural disasters. Research carried out by the Overseas Development Institute shows that companies increasingly “seek more direct ways of engaging in humanitarian relief operations”, which for some includes direct engagement. Such immediate actions undertaken by companies in response to disasters are not isolated philanthropic gestures. \n\nNational and country offices are usually motivated to respond to a disaster as a result of their proximity to the affected area often because their own staff has been affected or because they feel a moral obligation to assist nearby communities. In all of the case studies [presented in this document], the ability of the organization to respond to a disaster relied on a combination of top-down willingness and a desire by the leadership to make a contribution matched by bottom-up enthusiasm from the staff. The fundamental motivation for both CEOs and staff members was the humanitarian imperative “to alleviate human suffering among those least able to withstand the stress caused by disaster.", + "Key Recommendations": "This report has been complemented with the development of a preliminary operating model and budget for the DRP. These materials will serve as a basis for the development of operating partnerships between E&C companies, governments and the humanitarian community to begin the DRP pilot implementation.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.humanitarianlibrary.org/sites/default/files/2014/02/22.03.2012_-_wef_en_disasterresourcepartnership_report_2010.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Engineering & Construction" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Grupo Marhnos", + "Hindustan Construction Company", + "Halcrow Group", + "CH2M Hill Companies", + "Arup Group", + "AMEC", + "Fluor Corporation", + "Consolidated Contractors Company (CCC)" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities", + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "World Economic Forum" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Humanitarian Assistance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "For-profit Commercial Entity", + "Formal Sector", + "Multi-national Business" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2010" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Kiki Caruson", + "Susan A. MacManus" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "United States" + ], + "Document ID": "1100-Macma-USA", + "Document Title": "Emergency Management: Gauging the Extensiveness and Quality of Public- and Private-Sector Collaboration at the Local Level", + "Document Summary": "This empirically based study compares the extensiveness and perceived quality of public and private emergency management–related collaborations at the grassroots level, based on a statewide survey of Florida county and city officials. The extensiveness of local officials’ involvement in private-sector collaboration is on par with their emergency management–related interactions with public-sector entities. County officials are more likely than city officials to report higher-quality networks with both public and private partners. First responders rate the quality of their intergovernmental public-sector collaborations higher than their generalist counterparts; the results are more varied in terms of each group’s private-sector network quality assessments.", + "Key Findings": "The data results provide evidence of an extensive system of emergency management networks with respect to both intergovernmental collaboration and public-private interaction. This study has confirmed what others have theorized: \"the need for collaborative intergovernmental approaches grows as jurisdictional issues rule out acting alone, as public resources diminish, and as problem-solving expertise must be assembled from uncommon and widely dispersed sources.\" ", + "Key Recommendations": "This study has underscored the importance of continuing to conduct in-depth analyses of emergency management collaboration at the local level. There is also an urgent need to formulate cooperative partnerships with private-sector entities. ", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1078087410362050", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Energy", + "Media", + "Business Services", + "Other", + "Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, and Hunting", + "Chemicals", + "Retail", + "Health Care", + "Telecommunications" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Efficiency and Effectiveness", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Urban Affairs Review" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Humanitarian Assistance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Peer-reviewed article or other research report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Formal Sector", + "Regional Business", + "Financial Institution, Investors, and Intermediaries", + "For-profit Commercial Entity" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2011" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Mathieu Tromme", + "Saul Butters", + "Ian Macauslan", + "Gabrielle Smith" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Niger", + "Haiti", + "Zimbabwe", + "Zambia", + "Pakistan", + "Somalia", + "Uganda", + "Kenya", + "Lesotho" + ], + "Document ID": "1100-SMITH-MLT", + "Document Title": "New Technologies in Cash Transfer Programming and Humanitarian Assistance", + "Document Summary": "This study was commissioned by the Cash Learning Partnership (CaLP) in 2011, to review the current use of new technology in humanitarian cash and voucher programming and the broader implications for humanitarian practice. The research was undertaken to explore (i) preconditions for the use of technological mechanisms identified; (ii) user-friendliness of the technology for the recipient and for the agency; (iii) issues concerning accountability; and (iv) potential for wider impacts.\nThe research discusses in detail three types of technology currently being used in aid programming: electronic payment systems, the use of mobile phones for text and voice communication, and digital data-gathering tools. The research examines the constraints to the uptake of these technologies in humanitarian programming, and has identified barriers to wider adoption of new technology.\nFinally, the report outlines suggested actions to move towards more systematic adoption of effective and accountable technological solutions in humanitarian aid and concludes by making recommendations for humanitarian actors in differing technological environments.", + "Key Findings": "This report makes the case for wider adoption of new technology in humanitarian cash and voucher programming. Based on the ever-growing range of experiences of implementing organisations, this report has\nshown how new technologies are tools with potential to serve humanitarian cash-based responses throughout the programme cycle in order to detect needs earlier, enlarge capacity of and speed up response, enhance\nspecificity of transfers to match needs and foster accountability while reducing opportunities for corruption and diversion. It is also becoming recognised that the traditional, manual logistical system of aid provision is\nnot always efficient or effective at addressing the real needs of households and communities affected by crisis, particularly as crises are increasing in frequency and severity in a number of low-income countries. There is an opportunity for provision of technology to realise benefits for recipients that go beyond the duration of the cash transfer programme. In order to realise these benefits, supporting actions would need to be factored into programme timelines and budgets that are likely to go beyond the horizon of emergency response, but in areas subject to regular crises such actions could go some way to increasing their resilience to future shocks.\nTechnology is a tool like any other and its use should add value to humanitarian operations. It is not likely to, nor should it, replace all ‘traditional’ ways of programming, rather it should complement programme processes. However, there remain barriers to implementing technology in humanitarian assistance that must be addressed. ", + "Key Recommendations": "Barriers to technology implementation are caused by entrenched attitudes, mindsets and ways of working, allegiances to existing, possibly outmoded systems and a culture of hierarchy and control within the humanitarian sector which is difficult to move away from. Key recommendations to overcome barriers include: \n\n1. Action for where the rails exist: In areas of high penetration of mobile connectivity, and advancement in e-payment systems, there should be a major push, by donors and agencies, for developing standard approaches to support systematic adoption of new technology in programmes to improve efficiency and effectiveness of aid provision. A starting point would be for members of a cash consortium, or implementing partners of a donor funding cash transfers to determine that they will utilise the same tool to realise economies of scale.\n\n2. Action in contexts of chronic or regular, recurrent crisis: In countries facing protracted crises or cyclical emergencies, where it is possible to say with a high degree of certainty that a future humanitarian programme is required, there should be a push, before the next crisis, for development of new financing models to meet costs of investment and for preparedness frameworks, between donors, agencies and the solutions providers.\n\n3. Action in sudden onset disasters with poor penetration of technology: The period after an emergency has hit is not the time to be attempting to develop technological solutions or new ways of working for the first time. In such cases it is likely agencies should resort to more traditional methods of aid distribution. However, such contexts will become an increasingly small and marginal part of humanitarian response, and the humanitarian community operating in these contexts should stay abreast of developments and seek to move the development of such solutions and of network connectivity forward where possible.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com/bitstream/handle/10546/558591/rr-new-technologies-cash-transfer-010111-en.pdf?sequence=6&isAllowed=y", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Technology", + "Financial Services", + "Telecommunications" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "FieldWorker Products", + "Intermec Corporation", + "Unibank", + "Voila", + "Scotiabank", + "Digicel", + "UBL Bank", + "TN Bank", + "MNO Airtel", + "Redan", + "Mobile Transactions Zambia" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Flexibility and Pace", + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment", + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Cash Learning Partnership (CaLP)" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Humanitarian Assistance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Impact Evaluation Report", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa", + "Latin America and the Carribean", + "Middle East" + ], + "Year": "2011" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Sasha Tsenkova", + "Melissa Witwer" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Canada", + "United States", + "United Kingdom" + ], + "Document ID": "1100-Tsenk-CAN-pr", + "Document Title": "Bridging the Gap: Policy Instruments to Encourage Private Sector Provision of Affordable Rental Housing in Alberta", + "Document Summary": "This research paper explores alternatives for private sector engagement in the provision of affordable housing and focuses on four clusters of policy instruments: regulatory/planning, fiscal, financial, and institutional. The article provides a much-needed overview of challenges and opportunities in Alberta using the conceptually appropriate analytical framework, fresh empirical evidence, case study analysis, and insights from the practical experiences of industry professionals. Some of the challenges consist of regulatory challenges related to the planning process and community opposition; fiscal barriers associated with senior government fiscal policy; and financial barriers, specifically obstacles related to access to loans for housing development. To address the regulatory challenge, developers, both for-profit and non-profit would like to see an expedited process for affordable housing applications, or at least a predictable streamlined process that reduces the amount of negotiation and compromise between city departments and developers. Engaging the community from the very start of the design process can offset any objections later due to the nature of affordable housing projects and the stigma of unsuccessful past projects. The report suggests developing clarity on the direction of what type of housing is needed and what income groups are intended to be the beneficiaries among the senior government officials is necessary to address fiscal barriers.", + "Key Findings": "It argues that a much more robust and sustainable system of direct subsidies is required to bridge the funding gap between the cost of development and potential revenue generation in affordable rental housing. In addition to fiscal support from senior governments and improved access to more affordable long-term finance, it suggests that municipalities can play a significant role in facilitating private sector involvement by creating a positive planning and policy environment. ", + "Key Recommendations": "The following five recommendations constitute the most effective methods to encourage private sector participation in the provision of affordable housing. These recommendations could be implemented individually, but would be most effective if considered collectively as they are intended to complement each other to leverage the greatest level of private sector involvement.\n1. Increasing the transparency and predictability of the development\napprovals process.\n2. Providing better access to land at lower costs.\n3. Introducing inclusionary zoning.\n4. Establishing sustainable funding for affordable housing.\n5. Enhancing the role of philanthropy.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://prism.ucalgary.ca/bitstream/handle/1880/48924/Tsenkova_CJUR_2011.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Engineering & Construction", + "Other", + "Financial Services" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Centron", + "Canadian Home Builders' Association", + "Calgary Real Estate Board", + "VanCity Credit Union" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Efficiency and Effectiveness", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities", + "Ability to Influence Policy" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Canadian Journal of Urban Research" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Democracy, Human Rights, & Governance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Peer-reviewed article or other research report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Formal Sector", + "For-profit approach that generates sustainable income", + "Business Association or Cooperative", + "Local Business", + "Corporate Foundation", + "Financial Institution, Investors, and Intermediaries" + ], + "Year": "2011" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Munir A. Hanjra", + "R. Quentin Grafton", + "Mac Kirby", + "M. Ejaz Qureshi" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Australia" + ], + "Document ID": "1101-Qures-AUS-pr", + "Document Title": "Understanding irrigation water use efficiency at different scales for better policy reform: a case study of the Murray–Darling Basin, Australia", + "Document Summary": "The paper examines water use efficiency and economic efficiency with a particular focus on the Murray –Darling Basin of Australia and the stated policy goal of increasing environmental flows of water in the Basin. The different measures of efficiency are explained, and their implications for water reform and the efficacy of market-based approaches to addressing water scarcity issues and environmental flow needs are explored. The paper points out that public policies to subsidize investments for improvements in irrigation efficiency are shown not to be currently cost-effective compared to alternatives, such as buying water through water markets. The implications of these findings, and the factors that determine the demand for irrigation water by competing uses, can guide policymakers in undertaking water reforms in the agricultural sector to mitigate the environmental consequences of overuse of water resources. To increase the amount of water available, the Australian government is undertaking a series of water reforms that include subsidies to farmers to increase irrigation efficiency and using some of the water savings for the environment, and buying back surface water entitlements to increase environmental flows.", + "Key Findings": "The report highlights that fundamental to effective water reforms is an understanding of the difference between irrigation and water-use efficiency, basin efficiency, and economic efficiency. Increasing irrigation efficiency may, in some circumstances, reduce water for the environment and downstream users. Farmers who are economically efficient may not necessarily have the highest levels of irrigation efficiency. Further, a given water use that might be economically efficient for an individual farmer may not be economically efficient at a catchment or basin level after accounting for the external cost imposed on others from its use. ", + "Key Recommendations": "The report suggests considering the factors that determine the demand for irrigation water, which is extremely important in the water reform process including the value of irrigation the way irrigators manage risk and uncertainty, spatial and temporal factors, and the nature and impact of water markets across spatial and human scales. Supply-side factors such as poor governance and institutional issues are often ignored as a cause of inefficient water use. By providing a clear understanding of these factors and differences in the various types of efficiency terms, a framework is provided for evaluating water reforms. This framework offers insights into how to overcome some of the key challenges of water scarcity and climate variability in arid and semi-arid environments.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://doi.org/10.2166/wp.2010.063", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, and Hunting" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Murray Irrigation Limited" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Efficiency and Effectiveness", + "Ability to Influence Policy" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Water Policy" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Agriculture and Food Security", + "Environment/Climate Change", + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "Peer-reviewed article or other research report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Local Business", + "For-profit Commercial Entity" + ], + "Year": "2011" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Eziyi Offia Ibem" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Nigeria", + "Philippines", + "Malaysia", + "Egypt", + "India", + "Pakistan", + "South Africa" + ], + "Document ID": "1102-Ibem-NGA-pr", + "Document Title": "The contribution of Public–Private Partnerships (PPPs) to improving accessibility of low-income earners to housing in southern Nigeria", + "Document Summary": "Public–Private Partnership is a relatively new approach to housing provision and was introduced in Nigeria to address the burgeoning housing challenges. To date, little is known about the contribution of this approach to improving the chances of low-income earners in gaining access to decent and affordable housing in urban areas in this country. Against this background, this study seeks to clarify the contribution of the PPP approach to improving the access of low-income people in urban areas to decent housing. Specifically, this study examines the structure of PPP and the key factors that determine the success (or the lack thereof) of the PPP approach in housing low-income earners in southern Nigeria. Based on the findings the paper makes policy recommendations on how PPP can be improved for better results in Nigeria.", + "Key Findings": "Based on data obtained from a survey of selected government housing agencies in six cities in southern Nigeria, this study found that the Public–Private-Partnership approach, like most previous public housing delivery strategies, has not made any significant contribution to housing low-income earners; rather it is skewed towards providing housing for high- and middle-income earners. This paper identifies the state-market structure of the Public–Private Partnerships and the absence of a National Policy on Public–Private Partnership in housing in Nigeria as being responsible for this development.", + "Key Recommendations": "It suggests that the development and adoption of a uniform National Policy on Public–Private Partnership in housing, government provision of land at no cost to private developers, lowering of the high building standards, and incorporation of assisted-self-help and incremental housing into the Public–Private-Partnership housing delivery system will ensure better results.", + "Internet URL of Document": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10901-011-9213-1", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Engineering & Construction" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "FHT Ventures PLC" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Efficiency and Effectiveness", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments", + "Risk-Mitigation and Flexible Authorities" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;", + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Journal of Housing and the Built Environment" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "Peer-reviewed article or other research report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "For-profit Commercial Entity", + "Formal Sector" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa", + "Asia" + ], + "Year": "2011" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Olivier Mahul" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "1103-MAHUL-GLO", + "Document Title": "Innovation in Disaster Risk Financing for Developing Countries: Public and Private Contributions", + "Document Summary": "The report is a background paper to the technical session on innovations in disaster risk financing for developing countries of the World Reconstruction Conference co-organized by the Global Facility for Disaster Reconstruction and Recovery (GFDRR), the United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (UNISDR), and other partners. This report aims to advance the dialogue on creative, forward-looking solutions for developing countries by presenting recent innovations on disaster risk financing and insurance developed by the private markets as well as the international donor community, from the macro (government) level down to the micro (household) level. It discusses how these innovations can be adapted and implemented in developing countries to better protect efficiently those countries against the financial consequences of natural disasters. Section 1 provides an introduction to the economic and fiscal impacts of natural disasters on developing countries. Section 2 examines examples of innovation in the private insurance and capital markets that may have applications in sovereign disaster risk financing for developing countries. Section 3 examines how innovations coming out of mature property catastrophe risk insurance (PCRI) markets could serve in low- and middle-income countries. Section 4 considers how innovation is taking seed in creative disaster microinsurance programs in low- and middle-income countries. Section 5 wraps up the report with brief concluding remarks.", + "Key Findings": "This report has shown that innovations in product design, risk assessment, intermediation, and delivery mechanism can help overcome the challenges faced for the development of cost-effective disaster risk financing and insurance solutions in developing countries. Most of these innovations have a public good component and contribute to improving risk market infrastructure.", + "Key Recommendations": "The establishment of an International Platform for Disaster Risk Financing and Insurance, financed by both the public and private sectors, could further promote and spread innovations in disaster risk financing and insurance. Its mandate would be to offer technical assistance and public goods and services to the developing countries that want to develop disaster risk financing and insurance solutions as part of their overall disaster risk management agenda.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/22119", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Financial Services", + "Telecommunications" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "The World Bank" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Humanitarian Assistance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Impact Evaluation Report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Financial Institution, Investors, and Intermediaries" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2011" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Chandan Sharma" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Malaysia", + "Brazil", + "Global", + "Regional", + "China", + "India", + "Nigeria", + "Philippines", + "Vietnam", + "Sweden", + "United Kingdom", + "France", + "Argentina", + "Bangladesh", + "Chile", + "Colombia", + "Egypt", + "Indonesia", + "Mexico", + "Pakistan", + "Peru", + "Poland", + "Russia", + "South Africa", + "Sri Lanka", + "Thailand", + "Turkey", + "Venezuela" + ], + "Document ID": "1103-Sharm-GLO-pr", + "Document Title": "Determinants of PPP in Infrastructure in Developing Economies", + "Document Summary": "Using the data on Private Participation in Infrastructure (PPI) provided by the World Bank, this study attempts to analyze the factors that determine PPP arrangement in infrastructure for the sample period 1990-2008. The analysis focuses specifically on a set of developing countries across the regions. This is mainly because the issue is extremely relevant from the policy perspective in these countries, and it is unwarrantedly neglected in the standard literature. The analysis in this study has provided insight stemming from this different variety of the literature and tested whether factors like governments’ budget constraints, macroeconomic conditions, size of the market, the potential of the currency crisis, regulation, governance, and political environment are crucial in determining PPPs. Considering the data-related potential problems in the analysis, the report has utilized a range of estimators to check the consistency and robustness of the estimations.", + "Key Findings": "The results of the analysis suggest that large size and relatively higher income markets attract more PPP projects. The empirical evidence also suggests that macroeconomic stability, quality of regulation and governance are important factors in determining PPP in the infrastructure. Surprisingly, however, the evidence fails to provide any strong support for the role of political factors and budget constraint in the process.", + "Key Recommendations": "From a policy perspective the implications of our results are straightforward. As in most of developing countries, the gap in demand and supply of infrastructure is wide, the public sector is more or less inefficient and governments have budget constraint. In addition, there is a high possibility of private investment crowding out if public expenditure is increased on infrastructure projects. In light of this scenario, PPP arrangement could be a viable and reasonable choice for the policy makers in developing countries. However, the task is not so easy; as our results suggest that it requires a stable macroeconomic condition, which means that governments in the developing countries have to provide stability in the macroeconomic arena by controlling the excess volatility and ensuring enough safety mechanism in the place. Furthermore, to increase the portfolio of PPP projects, developing countries must be prepared to improve overall macroeconomic management, absorb additional explicit and implicit fiscal risks through pursuing strict discipline in fiscal policy. In this context, controlling and managing subsidies on the basis of the political consideration could be a crucial factor. These subsidies often lead to fiscal leakage, inflation, crowing out of private investment as well as fiscal deficit in the developing countries.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://doi.org/10.1108/17506161211246908 ", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Engineering & Construction", + "Energy" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Reputation and Credible Convening Power", + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships", + "Risk-Mitigation and Flexible Authorities" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Transforming Government: People, Process and Policy Journal" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "Peer-reviewed article or other research report", + "USAID Region": [ + "Global", + "Asia", + "Latin America and the Carribean", + "Europe and Eurasia", + "Africa", + "Middle East", + "Afghanistan and Pakistan" + ], + "Year": "2011" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Wenjuan Wang", + "Susna De", + "Sara Sulzbach" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Kenya", + "Malawi", + "Rwanda", + "Tanzania", + "Zambia" + ], + "Document ID": "1103-SULZB-MLT-pr", + "Document Title": "The private sector role in HIV/AIDS in the context of an expanded global response: expenditure trends in five sub-Saharan African countries", + "Document Summary": "This paper examines trends in private sector financing, management and resource consumption related to HIV/AIDS in five sub-Saharan African countries, with a particular emphasis on the effects of recently scaled-up donor funding on private sector contributions. [The authors] analyzed National Health Accounts HIV/AIDS subaccount data for Kenya, Malawi, Rwanda, Tanzania and Zambia between 2002 and 2006. HIV subaccounts provide comparable data on the flow of HIV/AIDS funding from source to use. \n", + "Key Findings": "Findings indicate that private sector contributions decreased in all countries except Tanzania. With regards to managing HIV/AIDS funds, non-governmental organizations are increasingly controlling the largest share of resources relative to other stakeholders, whereas private for-profit entities are managing fewer HIV/AIDS resources since the donor influx. The majority of HIV/ AIDS funds were spent in the public sector, although a considerable amount was spent at private facilities, largely fueled by out-of-pocket (OOP) payments. On the whole, OOP spending by PLHIV decreased over the 4-year period, with the exception of Malawi, demonstrating that PLHIV have increased access to free or subsidized HIV/AIDS services. Our findings suggest that the influx of donor funding has led to decreased private contributions for HIV/AIDS. The reduction in private sector investment and engagement raises concerns about the sustainability of HIV/AIDS programmes over the long term, particularly in light of current global economic crisis and emerging competing priorities.", + "Key Recommendations": "Better integration of the private sector into the overall health system could reduce duplication, ensure greater sustainability of service provision and ultimately lead to improved health outcomes.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://academic.oup.com/heapol/article/26/suppl_1/i72/558974", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Financial Services" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Abt Associates, Inc." + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Efficiency and Effectiveness", + "Ability to Influence Policy" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Advancing Learning and Market Research;", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "The London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine", + "Oxford University Press" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Humanitarian Assistance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Peer-reviewed article or other research report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "For-profit Commercial Entity" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2011" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Justin W. van Fleet" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global", + "Mali", + "Honduras", + "Regional", + "India", + "China", + "Brazil", + "Mexico", + "South Africa", + "Kenya", + "Argentina", + "Egypt", + "Indonesia", + "Philippines", + "Haiti", + "Nigeria", + "Thailand", + "Peru", + "Vietnam", + "Chile", + "Colombia", + "Malaysia", + "Pakistan", + "Uganda", + "Cambodia", + "Ethiopia", + "Rwanda", + "Tanzania", + "Equatorial Guinea", + "Papua New Guinea", + "Azerbaijan", + "Kazakhstan", + "Saint Lucia", + "Algeria", + "Cameroon", + "Chad", + "Guatemala", + "Congo (Kinshasa)", + "Costa Rica", + "Venezuela", + "Ghana", + "Jamaica", + "Suriname", + "Guinea", + "Burkina Faso", + "Somalia", + "Senegal", + "Mozambique", + "Sierra Leone", + "Guinea-Bissau", + "Côte d’Ivoire", + "Madagascar", + "Benin", + "Gambia", + "Morocco", + "Burundi", + "Liberia", + "France", + "Germany", + "Netherlands", + "United States", + "Japan" + ], + "Document ID": "1104-VanFl-GLO-pr", + "Document Title": "A Global Education Challenge: Harnessing Corporate Philanthropy to Educate the World's Poor", + "Document Summary": "This paper addresses the lack of systematic data about how U.S.-based companies support global education by asking one central question: Do U.S.-based companies leverage their key philanthropic assets to address global education challenges in a way that maximizes shared value for society and business? To answer this question, this study surveyed more than 500 companies; conducted in-depth interviews with corporate philanthropy leaders; and analyzed the existing literature and reports on corporate social responsibility to assess the magnitude, focus, and motivations of U.S. corporate philanthropy vis-à-vis education in developing countries. ", + "Key Findings": "Findings from the study suggest that U.S.-based companies give approximately half a billion dollars to education in developing countries annually, more than initially projected based on philanthropy estimates. The majority of contributions are in the form of cash and companies make larger cash contributions to global education than their foundations. The report highlights that companies identify many reasons that are strategic to business needs, focusing primarily on community relations, social demand for responsible behavior, and brand identification. But the rationale is a narrow view and does not encompass a full vision of how education-based philanthropy in developing countries can create shared value for business and society. The report highlights that companies rely on nonprofits to implement philanthropy in the education sector over government partners or larger-scale aid agencies. Finally, the paper highlights the assets and liabilities of corporate philanthropy for global education.", + "Key Recommendations": "The study identifies ten opportunities to achieve greater impact through corporate philanthropy to education in developing countries:\nOpportunity 1: Maximize the Effectiveness of Multiple Donors in the Same Country\nOpportunity 2: Broaden Areas of Strategic Investment\nOpportunity 3: Innovate in Education\nOpportunity 4: Invest in Education in Disaster Contexts for Longer-Term, Higher Impact\nOpportunity 5: Incorporate Local Feedback into Philanthropy Strategies\nOpportunity 6: Build Networks for Global Education\nOpportunity 7: Design Metrics and Invest in Impact Evaluation\nOpportunity 8: Improve NGO Engagement with Corporate Philanthropy\nOpportunity 9: Adopt Innovative Financing by Combining Brand, Business, and Individual Donors\nOpportunity 10: Become Corporate Advocates for Education", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED517919", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Energy", + "Fast Moving Consumer Goods", + "Financial Services", + "Health Care", + "Technology", + "Processing & Manufacturing" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation", + "3M", + "Aetna Foundation", + "Alcoa", + "Allstate Company", + "American Express Company", + "Amerigroup", + "Aveda Corporation", + "Avery Dennison", + "BD Technologies", + "BJ’s Wholesale Club", + "Boston Scientific", + "Broadcom Foundation", + "C. H. Robinson Worldwide, Inc.", + "Campbell Soup Company", + "Capital One Financial", + "Charles Schwab Foundation", + "Cisco", + "Citigroup", + "Coca-Cola Enterprises", + "Comcast Corporation", + "Con Edison", + "Corning Incorporated", + "CSX", + "Cummins Inc.", + "Dell", + "Discovery Communications", + "DLA Piper LLP (US)", + "DTE Energy", + "Eaton Corporation", + "Eileen Fisher, Inc.", + "Exelon Corporation", + "ExxonMobil Foundation", + "Fannie Mae", + "FedEx", + "Fifth Third Foundation", + "First Energy", + "Gap", + "General Electric", + "General Mills", + "Google", + "H&R Block", + "Harley-Davidson Motor Company", + "Hess Corporation", + "Hewlett-Packard Company", + "Houghton Mifflin Harcourt", + "Humana", + "MasterCard", + "Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance", + "Masco Corporation", + "Marathon Oil", + "Lenovo", + "Manpower", + "Land O’Lakes, Inc.", + "Intel", + "Integrys Energy Group", + "Ingram Micro", + "Office Depot", + "NRG Energy", + "Northwestern Mutual", + "MDU Resources Foundation", + "Northrop Grumman", + "Nike", + "MeadWestvaco Corporation", + "Medtronic", + "Merck & Co., Inc.", + "NII Holdings", + "New York Life Foundation", + "MTV", + "Motorola Foundation", + "Microsoft", + "MGM Resorts International", + "MetLife, Inc.", + "Sara Lee", + "Out of Print", + "Salesforce.com Foundation", + "Qwest Communications", + "Paccar Inc.", + "Pepco Holdings, Inc.", + "Prudential Financial, Inc.", + "Peter Kiewit Sons’", + "Pitney Bowes", + "Progress Energy", + "PriceWaterhouseCoopers", + "Symantec", + "SUPERVALU, Inc.", + "Scholastic Inc.", + "Smurfit-Stone Container", + "SunTrust Foundation", + "Sunoco", + "Southwest Airlines", + "Staples, Inc.", + "Starbucks", + "State Farm", + "State Street Corporation", + "Texas Instruments", + "The Coca-Cola Company", + "The Dow Chemical Company", + "The Guardian Life Insurance", + "Company of America", + "United Services Automobile Association", + "The Home Depot Foundation", + "Union Pacific", + "The Travelers Companies, Inc.", + "The Lubrizol Corporation", + "The McGraw-Hill Companies", + "Yahoo!", + "Xcel Energy Foundation", + "United Stationers", + "Waste Management", + "WellPoint, Inc.", + "Western Union", + "Weyerhaeuser Company" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;", + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Brookings" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth", + "Conflict" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Education and Social Services", + "Health" + ], + "Type of Document": "Peer-reviewed article or other research report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Corporate Foundation", + "American Business", + "For-profit approach that generates sustainable income", + "Large Enterprise", + "Formal Sector", + "Multi-national Business" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Global", + "Latin America and the Carribean", + "Africa", + "Asia", + "Afghanistan and Pakistan", + "Middle East", + "Europe and Eurasia" + ], + "Year": "2011" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Nana Afua Boamah Gyimah", + "Kamal Mohammed" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Sweden", + "Tanzania", + "Mozambique", + "Rwanda" + ], + "Document ID": "1105-MOHAM-MLT-pr", + "Document Title": "Cross - Sector Partnership\nCollaboration between humanitarian organizations and the private sector", + "Document Summary": "The purpose of this thesis was to analyze the cross-sector partnership between humanitarian organizations and the private sector. In order to achieve this aim, a frame of reference was developed with an operational partnership model and theory whilst examining and contrasting both humanitarian and business supply chains. [The] methodology involved both primary and secondary data collection with empirical data collected from two private companies and one humanitarian organization. Data collected for the study were then analyzed in relation to the literature and models outlined in the frame of reference. ", + "Key Findings": "The results of the study showed that the partnerships between the firms of the two sectors studied were philanthropic, long-term and mutually beneficial in diverse ways. Whilst the private companies benefit through improvements in Corporate Social Responsibility, creating public awareness of their corporate image, and brand among other benefits by engaging in the partnership, humanitarian organizations on the other hand, partner with companies which fit their expressed needs and gain benefits in both monetary and non-monetary terms. Moreover, knowledge transfer through the sharing of skills, experiences, resources and expertise are also very important elements that add to the benefits gained by both partners. In addition, the findings obtained from the respondents of the study demonstrated that trust, personal connection, regular communication and working together are very important elements which can be considered as critical success factors that sustain partnerships.", + "Key Recommendations": "The study recommends further research in the future which involves looking at relationship of other players in relief work such as military, and local governments. The authors also recommend using performance indicators for future research. ", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://5dok.org/document/6zk64v8y-cross-sector-partnership-collaboration-humanitarian-organizations-private-sector.html", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Telecommunications", + "Engineering & Construction" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Agoodtshirt", + "Calligraphen", + "GodFond", + "GodEl", + "Walleniusrederierna", + "Banco Humanfonden", + "PostkodLotteriet", + "Ericsson", + "SWECO" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Jönköping International Business School" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Humanitarian Assistance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Peer-reviewed article or other research report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "For-profit Commercial Entity", + "Formal Sector", + "Multi-national Business" + ], + "Year": "2011" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Lisa Clarke" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "1106-Clark-GLO-pr", + "Document Title": "Responsibility Of International Organizations under International Law for the Acts of Global Health Public-Private Partnerships", + "Document Summary": "This Article describes global health public-private partnerships and discusses how public power over global health is increasingly being exercised by these partnerships, thereby necessitating a further discussion on responsibility under international law. It highlights a gap in responsibility and suggests closing this gap by holding international organizations, as partners and/ or hosts, responsible under international law for the acts of these partnerships. ", + "Key Findings": "Public-private partnerships governing global health are making progress in relation to the prevention and treatment of diseases such as AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria. This progress should not be underestimated as these partnerships are making strides above and beyond efforts of either the public or private sector alone. As a consequence, partnerships are increasingly exercising public power over global health in addition to, or instead of states and International organisations and are thus also becoming capable of adversely impacting the rights of individuals, in particular the right to life and the right to health. Responsibility under international law therefore arises as an issue but, at the moment, partnerships are not directly addressed by the rules of responsibility under international law. This Article describes global health public private partnerships and discusses how public power over global health is increasingly being exercised by these partnerships thereby necessitating a further discussion on responsibility under international law. ", + "Key Recommendations": "[The article] highlights a gap in responsibility and suggests closing this gap by holding international organisations, as partners and/ or hosts, responsible under international law for the acts of these partnerships.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://chicagounbound.uchicago.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1615&context=cjil", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Pharmaceuticals", + "Health Care", + "Educational Services" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Pfizer Inc.", + "GlaxoSmithKline (GSK)", + "Novartis Foundation" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Ability to Influence Policy", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments", + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;", + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Advancing Learning and Market Research;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Chicago Journal of International Law" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Health", + "Democracy, Human Rights, & Governance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Peer-reviewed article or other research report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Corporate Foundation", + "For-profit Commercial Entity", + "For-profit approach that generates sustainable income", + "Multi-national Business", + "Large Enterprise", + "Formal Sector", + "American Business" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2011" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Fareeda Ehtesham" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "1106-EHTES-GLO", + "Document Title": "Private Sector Engagement for Poverty Reduction: The Experience of UNDP and lessons for G-20", + "Document Summary": "This document examines how the G-20 can move towards achieving the Millennium Development goals, by rephrasing how development works. In order to rephrase development, the document examines three case studies to discuss how organizations use the private sector for resources and strategy. The first case study looks at the Ethiopian Commodity Exchange, which addresses how infrastructure can help Ethiopian farmers sell their produce. The second case study addresses Rainforest Alliance Coffee in South America, which is a group of NGOs who are looking to increase the production of coffee that can be grown in the shade. This would lead to less deforestation. The third case study examines the Aceh Partnerships for economic development, which looks at how the UNDP is helping Aceh farmers rehabilitate after the earthquake and tsunami that hit Indonesia in 2004. In order to rephrase how development works, the document then looks at what the G-20 can do despite not being a development agency and looks at the potential partnership between the UNDP and the G-20.", + "Key Findings": "The focus of international development efforts has been shifting over the years with new approaches being tried periodically. The problem of poverty and economic inequality continue to plague the world today. While private sector development as an approach has been practiced for several years, it is not employed to its fullest scale due to the belief held by many that helping the poor is strictly a matter of charity. However, in\norder for initiatives to be sustainable in the long-term, they need to benefit both the donors and the recipients. As we have seen through UNDP’s experience, its attempts at fostering entrepreneurship and private sector development have been successful in impacting poverty. The G-20 is an economic powerhouse. By taking on the task of development and specifically by doing so in an inclusive, pro-business manner, it has taken a step in the right direction. It has the power to call for changes in business practices, and to target its funding towards enterprise creation initiatives. Backed by the financial resources and political will that the organization has, it can make a real difference to poverty in much of the world.", + "Key Recommendations": "When considering the criticism made of past private sector engagement in development, one of the main points is the importance of building a domestic private sector. While it is important to foster relationships with large multinational corporations, these relationships must be built in a way that encourages development of small and medium sized enterprises in the recipient country, and does not restrict them to be simply suppliers of raw materials for these MNCs. The G-20 can also play a part in supporting sustainable business practices in multinational corporations.\nOne of the main cross-cutting issues that surfaces repeatedly is the need for regulation to check the activities of the private sector and a sound business environment to allow it flourish. This could be accomplished by a body established under G-20 which does research on doing business, provides guidelines to countries for establishing regulations in their national laws, disseminates successful case studies and provides the\nframework for countries to form successful partnerships with the private sector. Another role the G-20 can play is in advocating for better policies with national governments of developing nations.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://academicworks.cuny.edu/cc_etds_theses/39/", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Financial Services" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments", + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships", + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;", + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "City University of New York" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "Peer-reviewed article or other research report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Micro, Small, or Medium Enterprise", + "Multi-national Business", + "Regional Business" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2011" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Joanne Burke", + "Randolph Kent" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Lebanon", + "Indonesia", + "China" + ], + "Document ID": "1106-KENT-GLO", + "Document Title": "Commercial and Humanitarian Engagement in Crisis Contexts: Current Trends, Future Drivers", + "Document Summary": "This is a study about the motives, interests and capacities that lead both humanitarian and commercial organisations to work together in places affected by disaster or conflict. It considers how these different interests and motives affect the way the two sectors approach their engagement in humanitarian activities, jointly and separately, and the opportunities and challenges that their respective interests and practices pose to their collaboration. There is considerable scope and potential for the two sides to have an expanded and more strategic form of collaboration. Yet, for this to occur, new ways of thinking and approaches are needed, including better evidence about the business case for the two to engage with each other. The study seeks to shed light on a topic of increasing interest and significance in a global context where uncertainty, rapid change and complexity are likely to be the hallmarks of humanitarian crises in the foreseeable future. ", + "Key Findings": "The findings are based on in-depth interviews with senior representatives\nfrom 17 private-sector corporations and 14 humanitarian organisations, and desk-based analysis.\nThe most well-established and common area of commercial sector engagement is in humanitarian crisis response to natural hazards and, to a lesser extent, preparedness. The commercial sector’s role in disaster recovery is not well established, although several respondents expressed interest in having a more formal dialogue on recovery, including business continuity concerns and incentives for recovery and longer-term reconstruction. Disaster-risk reduction (DRR) is a growing area of strategic importance that many believe could benefit from commercial-sector engagement.\nThe study suggests that several transformational factors are likely to affect humanitarian action over the next decade and beyond, and that these will have a major bearing on how both commercial and humanitarian organisations need to engage. These include the growing political centrality of humanitarian crises and a marked trend towards host governments exercising greater control over the process of aid delivery – even if they still have limited control over the related funds. ", + "Internet URL of Document": "http://www.humanitarianfutures.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/Commercial-and-Humanitarian-Engagement-in-Crisis-Contexts-HFP-20111.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Food & Beverage", + "Engineering & Construction", + "Telecommunications", + "Transportation and Warehousing" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Nokia", + "Arup", + "Agility" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities", + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Social Innovation Centre", + "King's College London", + "World Vision", + "INSEAD", + "Humanitarian Futures Programme" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Humanitarian Assistance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Peer-reviewed article or other research report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "For-profit Commercial Entity", + "Formal Sector" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Asia", + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2011" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Kate J. Neville" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Philippines" + ], + "Document ID": "1106-Nevil-PHL-pr", + "Document Title": "Adversaries versus Partners: Urban Water Supply in the Philippines", + "Document Summary": "In this paper, the author contends that the legal framework created between the government and the concessionaires was designed to address concerns about information asymmetries and guard against public backlash about private sector involvement in urban water provision in Manila by providing monitoring and enforcement mechanisms, creating a regulatory office and clarifying requirements through a contract. The author of this paper further argues that this legal framework established adversarial interactions between private corporations and regulators, with the perverse result of preventing the collaborative negotiations needed to adjust contractual responsibilities effectively and equitably as external conditions changed. \n\nWhile this analysis has focused on water provision, the experiences in Manila provide more general insight into the development of public-private partnerships for public goods and urban infrastructure, particularly the ways in which the initial context, contractual arrangements, and organizational dynamics affect partnership outcomes. Most centrally, these cases reveal how political pressures can influence the structure of governing arrangements and relationships among stakeholders and how these directly affect the ways in which organizations can respond to crises. Legal constraints and tense interactions in Manila prevented effective engagement among state and non-state actors in responding to external shocks.", + "Key Findings": "In the Philippines, skepticism about private sector participation in urban water provision became increasingly pronounced as missed service targets and regulatory battles plagued governmental relations with the two companies (Manila Water and Maynilad) granted concessions for water provision in the capital, Manila. A comparative study of these two public-private partnerships (PPPs) reveals the challenges of reconciling bureaucratic and organizational dynamics with public suspicion of the private sector. This study draws on interviews and observations with corporate and government officials, academics, journalists, non-governmental organizations and civil society members in the Philippines, almost a decade after the initial privatization. This paper furthers our understanding of the outcomes in Manila—and PPPs more generally—by addressing the tension between credible commitment in contractual arrangements and flexibility for responding to economic and environmental shocks. It argues that adversarial interactions between the private corporations and regulators hindered the collaborative negotiations needed to respond to the currency crisis.", + "Key Recommendations": "While goodwill and friendly discussions might not have been enough to overcome an economic crisis and ideological divides, the lack of willingness to negotiate in good faith in conjunction with a bargaining process focused on profit maximization, and blame avoidance failed to produce outcomes that benefitted the public. This reveals the imperative of reconciling flexibility with transparency and accountability. The paper suggests that with greater community engagement from across socio-economic groups, issues beyond prices and company survival including, notably, pro-poor policies and water provision might have been addressed. This analysis suggests that dynamic and uncertain futures for urban infrastructure and service provision are best addressed not through more rigid and explicit contracts and monitoring but through the development of more collaborative, inclusive, and robust partnerships that allow for negotiable contracts. Focusing on fostering the conditions for mutual gains and open dialogue, rather than blame allocation and adversarial negotiations might lead to more equitable, cost-effective, and consequently successful private-sector participation in public goods provision.", + "Internet URL of Document": "http://dx.doi.org/10.5509/2011842245", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Financial Services", + "Engineering & Construction" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Maynilad Water Services", + "Manila Water Company", + "D.M. Consunji Inc. (DMCI)", + "Metro Pacific Investments Corporation", + "Suez-Ondeo", + "Benpres Holdings", + "Bechtel", + "United Utilities", + "Ayala Corporation" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Efficiency and Effectiveness", + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities", + "Ability to Influence Policy", + "Flexibility and Pace" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Reputation and Credible Convening Power", + "Risk-Mitigation and Flexible Authorities" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;", + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Pacific Affairs" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Democracy, Human Rights, & Governance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Peer-reviewed article or other research report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Multi-national Business", + "Local Business", + "For-profit Commercial Entity", + "Formal Sector", + "Financial Institution, Investors, and Intermediaries", + "American Business" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Asia" + ], + "Year": "2011" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "United Nations Programme on Youth" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Sierra Leone", + "Zambia", + "Global", + "United Kingdom", + "Mexico" + ], + "Document ID": "1107-UNITE-GLO", + "Document Title": "Private Sector Toolkit for Working with Youth", + "Document Summary": "The purpose of this document is to explore cooperation between youth and the private sector, both in principle and in practice, in order to: \nhighlight the role of youth as social actors, and increase general understanding of young people’s great potential as development partners; inspire the private sector to partner with youth by showcasing several case studies and demonstrating the economic advantage of investing in youth, in contrast to the cost of underinvestment; and provide initial guidance on facilitating private sector engagement with young people, and the formation of meaningful partnerships, to better influence development processes worldwide. \nThis technical paper has been produced by the United Nations Programme on Youth in the Division for Social Policy and Development of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs, and the NGO Restless Development, in the context of the International Year of Youth. It is part of a series of technical papers aimed both at strengthening youth participation at all levels through cooperation among various stakeholders, as well as at highlighting the role of youth as agents of development. ", + "Key Findings": "Encouraging constructive youth participation across different segments of society is a necessary step towards ensuring the growth and sustainability of a country's business operations and general macroeconomic environment. Countries that emphasize the education, job training, and health of their populations are almost always better positioned to compete in the global economy than those that do not. Therefore, it is safe to suggest that more effective youth-targeted social expenditure will, in the mid- to long-term, increase a population's productive capacity and overall economic welfare. ", + "Key Recommendations": "There is ample evidence to indicate that when young people are more engaged economically, particularly in the private sector, the benefits resonate throughout society. As such, it is incumbent upon today’s private sector actors not only to harness the underutilized potential of youth, but also to spur the type of sustainable human capital development that will ensure a prosperous future for all.\n\nFirms should conceive of young people not only as appropriate corporate social responsibility targets, but also as co-stakeholders in the process of global development. Because today's youth display unparalleled levels of creativity, energy and entrepreneurial spirit, the private sector would benefit from greater engagement with this large population group. ", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://social.un.org/youthyear/docs/PrivateSectorKit.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Financial Services", + "Technology", + "Other", + "Hospitality/Tourism", + "Arts and entertainment" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "MTV", + "Starwood Hotels & Resorts", + "Cisco", + "Linklaters", + "Adobe", + "Zanaco", + "Splash" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Risk-Mitigation and Flexible Authorities", + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments", + "Reputation and Credible Convening Power" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Restless Development", + "United Nations Programme on Youth" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Youth", + "Conflict" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Economic Growth", + "Education and Social Services", + "Humanitarian Assistance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Local Business", + "Multi-national Business" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa", + "Global", + "Europe and Eurasia", + "Latin America and the Carribean" + ], + "Year": "2011" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Angela Ni", + "Richard Feachem", + "Neelam Sekhri" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global", + "Spain", + "Lesotho", + "United Kingdom", + "Australia", + "Canada", + "Mexico", + "Brazil", + "South Africa", + "Gambia", + "Germany", + "Portugal", + "Romania", + "Egypt", + "India", + "Malawi", + "Namibia", + "Uzbekistan", + "Zambia", + "Slovakia" + ], + "Document ID": "1108-Sekhr-GLO-pr", + "Document Title": "Public-Private Integrated Partnerships Demonstrate The Potential To Improve Health Care Access, Quality, And Efficiency", + "Document Summary": "This article describes the integrated partnership model in greater detail, highlighting both its potential benefits and risks. It describes how the model differs from other public-private partnership arrangements, provides examples of integrated partnerships in various countries, and examines lessons from both failed and successful arrangements. An integrated partnership consists of the government and a private partner—usually a consortium of health providers and financiers. Facilities developed through this model are intended to serve the same population as the public facilities they replace, including providing access for the poor. The potential benefits of well-structured integrated partnerships are that they can provide greater stability in capital and operational public budgets, improve equity of access, and improve quality. The report further suggests that integrated partnership, in operation for a decade, has generated considerable outcome data showing that it provides high-quality services at 25 percent lower cost than public facilities. ", + "Key Findings": "The authors cited several factors contributing to the partnerships’ difficulties. First, the parties were unable to agree on methods for negotiating annual operating budgets. Second, the lack of data and transparency of public-sector costs made it difficult to establish “fair value” in pricing for contracted services and accounting for changes in volume over time. Third, contracts with few demand-side controls resulted in too much risk being transferred to private operators, which made the contracts unsustainable.", + "Key Recommendations": "This article has provided critical guidance to manage such difficulties as well. First, the integrated partnership requires strong and sustained leadership from senior champions in the government with sufficient political stature to manage powerful stakeholders. Second, integrated partnerships should position the government ministries, particularly the ministry of health as regulators, partnership managers, and purchasers. To be successful in these roles requires dedicated resources and sufficient investment in capacity building. Third, the success of the arrangement is determined by the ability of the public and private sectors to forge a partnership that can adapt to the inevitable changes that will occur over a multi-year relationship. Fourth, the selection of the right private partner requires greater interaction and discussion with potential bidders during the precontracting phases, and a more flexible approach to procurement than traditional public processes often allow. In conclusion, these arrangements may require new institutions—in the government or independent bodies—that can develop and monitor performance standards to demonstrate continued value for investment and achievement of policy objectives. ", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.healthaffairs.org/doi/10.1377/hlthaff.2010.0461", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Health Care" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Tšepong Ltd", + "Lubasa", + "Ribera Health", + "Adeslas", + "Interhealth Canada" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness", + "Ability to Influence Policy" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Health Affairs" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Health" + ], + "Type of Document": "Peer-reviewed article or other research report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Business Association or Cooperative", + "Formal Sector", + "Regional Business", + "Multi-national Business", + "For-profit approach that generates sustainable income", + "Local Business" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Global", + "Europe and Eurasia", + "Africa", + "Middle East", + "Latin America and the Carribean", + "Asia" + ], + "Year": "2011" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Angela Ni", + "Richard Feahem", + "Neelam Sekhri" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Lesotho", + "Spain" + ], + "Document ID": "1108-SEKHR-MLT", + "Document Title": "Public-Private Integrated Partnerships Demonstrate The Potential To Improve Health Care Access, Quality, And Efficiency ", + "Document Summary": "This document examines how public health services face challenges, due to a lack of resources. Governments around the world are now looking towards public-private partnerships to improve access, quality, and efficiency in the health care sector. The document describes how integrated partnerships can help enlist private capital to help provide health care access and gives three examples of these partnerships-Lesotho, Spain, and Turks and Caicos- to showcase how integrated partnerships work. These examples demonstrate how integrated partnerships are efficient and are cost effective. The article concludes the international community should support integrated partnerships and study these partnerships more, so they can refine the health care system. \n", + "Key Findings": "We describe the benefits and risks inherent in such integrated partnerships and present three case studies that demonstrate innovative design. We conclude that these partnerships have the potential to improve access, quality, and efficiency in health care. More such partnerships should be widely shared to guide policy makers in the effective use of this model. ", + "Key Recommendations": "We encourage the international community to strengthen the evidence base by supporting integrated partnerships and evaluating their performance, to provide practical guidance to policy makers on when and how to use this model most effectivly. ", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.proquest.com/docview/887281507/fulltext/1E5C64509D374401PQ/1?accountid=12874", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Health Care" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "The People-to-People Health Foundation, Inc" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Health" + ], + "Type of Document": "Peer-reviewed article or other research report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Formal Sector" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2011" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Justin W. van Fleet" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global", + "Regional", + "India", + "Brazil", + "Argentina", + "Russia", + "Egypt", + "China", + "Ghana", + "Kenya", + "Tanzania", + "Angola" + ], + "Document ID": "1109-VanFl-GLO-pr", + "Document Title": "The Case for a Global Business Coalition for Education", + "Document Summary": "While there are tens of millions of children out of school, hundreds of millions more are in school but receiving an education of such poor quality that they have little prospect of gaining the literacy, numeracy, and life skills needed to be productive members of society. This crisis has economic and social benefits that are devastatingly high, stifling economic growth, perpetuating poverty, and creating unstable societies. This article provides insights into how this crisis is impacting the global business community. It argues that corporate resources are deployed in such an inefficient manner to support global education that these practices would never pass muster in a company's day-to-day business. \n\nThe article further suggests that if the global communities work together, they can strengthen the business community’s engagement in education and allow it to serve as a force for results-oriented change in education, bringing a win-win situation for the poor and non-poor countries. ", + "Key Findings": "Justin van Fleet argues that corporations must come together under the united banner of a Global Business Coalition for Education to address the global learning crisis in the developing countries. Van Fleet says that creating a united coalition would strengthen the business community's engagement in education and force result-oriented changes.", + "Key Recommendations": "In order for this vision to become a reality, the following groundwork needs to be established:\n1. High-Level Leadership\n2. High-Level Corporate and Political Support\n3. Planning Period\n4. Gain Legitimacy in the Education Sector", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/Education-Global-Views_Final.pdf", + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Ability to Influence Policy", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;", + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Brookings" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Education and Social Services", + "Health" + ], + "Type of Document": "Peer-reviewed article or other research report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "For-profit approach that generates sustainable income", + "Formal Sector", + "Large Enterprise" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Global", + "Africa", + "Asia", + "Latin America and the Carribean", + "Middle East", + "Europe and Eurasia" + ], + "Year": "2011" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Bebe Loff", + "Bridget Pratta" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "United States", + "United Kingdom", + "Malawi", + "Russia", + "Czechia", + "South Africa", + "India", + "Argentina", + "Zambia", + "Uganda", + "China" + ], + "Document ID": "1112-Pratt-MLT-pr", + "Document Title": "Health Research Systems: Promoting Health Equity or Economic Competitiveness? ", + "Document Summary": "The 2008 Global Forum for Health Research report's figures indicate that international research funding makes up a small percentage (1.6%) of the 160.3 billion United States dollars (US$) of total global health research expenditure. This paper argues that current policies restrict the capacity of international collaborative health research to promote global health equity by diverting funding away from research that is needed to implement existing interventions and strengthen health systems, i.e., health policy and systems research. \n\nThe report further argues that laws and policies in high-income countries ensure that most international research funding is not directed to much-needed health policy and systems research making a limited contribution to improving global health equity. To redress the investment imbalance, its structural causes must be clearly identified. Achieving sustained growth in health policy and systems research in developing countries, this report suggests significant reform to existing research laws and policies in high-income countries. ", + "Key Findings": "International collaborative health research is justifiably expected to help reduce global health inequities. Investment in health policy and systems research in developing countries is essential to this process but, currently, funding for international research is mainly channeled towards the development of new medical interventions. This imbalance is largely due to research legislation and policies used in high-income countries. These policies have increasingly led these countries to invest in health research aimed at boosting national economic competitiveness rather than reducing health inequities. In the United States of America and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, the regulation of research has encouraged a model that: leads to products that can be commercialized; targets health needs that can be met by profitable, high-technology products; has the licensing of new products as its endpoint; and does not entail significant research capacity strengthening in other countries. Accordingly, investment in international research is directed towards pharmaceutical trials and product development public–private partnerships for neglected diseases. This diverts funding away from research that is needed to implement existing interventions and to strengthen health systems, i.e. health policy and systems research. Governments must restructure their research laws and policies to increase this essential research in developing countries.", + "Key Recommendations": "To begin, high income country governments should design and enact policies that: (i) create strong incentives for health policy and systems research; (ii) support higher education and university departments in such research; and (iii) foster health policy and systems research partnerships between public research bodies, academia, health providers and private foundations. To encourage this kind of research, governments could, for example, create a fund source by applying a tax to the profits from products derived from trial data collected in developing countries. Governments could then distribute the funds in response to open competitive tenders. Research tax credits could be extended to health providers and research institutions that conduct health policy and systems research.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://doi.org/10.2471/BLT.11.092007", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Health Care", + "Pharmaceuticals", + "Educational Services", + "Biotechnology" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Efficiency and Effectiveness", + "Ability to Influence Policy", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities", + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Advancing Learning and Market Research;", + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Bulletin of the World Health Organization" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Youth", + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Health", + "Economic Growth", + "Education and Social Services" + ], + "Type of Document": "Peer-reviewed article or other research report", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa", + "Europe and Eurasia", + "Asia", + "Latin America and the Carribean" + ], + "Year": "2011" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Bilal Ahmed" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "1200-Ahmed-GLO-pr", + "Document Title": "Possibilities for Development by Local Government with Partnership of Global Capital: A Concept For Benchmarking the Sustainable-Megacity", + "Document Summary": "This paper addresses the idea of a “sustainable megacity” that can support growth needs and presents how we could measure the degree of sustainability of a megacity. This paper addresses possible efforts to address the process of a sustainable megacity and how it could be possible with the help of global capital. ", + "Key Findings": "The model of economic development, in general faces the dilemma of resource scarceness and the manageability of required output from limitation of resources would be challenging task for policymakers. Therefore, development of megacity which could franchise the demands of economic development is an important element. Hence, we reached on this conclusion that, sustainable megacity is the essential ingredient of economic development. This paper addresses the role of local government in coordination with provincial and federal government for the development of sustainable megacities by utilizing the assistance of global-capital. We tried to address degree specific 132 indicators to construct the benchmark for megacity which could describe the sustainability level of megacity that how and by which process the same transaction is possible or implementable.", + "Key Recommendations": "The report highlights that the role of local government in developing a sustainable megacity is vital because it could transfer the roots of action to the grassroots. However, the same transaction could only be possible by implementing legal and administrative reforms; it would systematically demand decentralization and participation of the ordinary individual. Finally, policymakers may need to arrange the funds for development using ethical leadership and professional entrepreneurship because the sustainability of a megacity is an essential factor; else, it would be a burden and center of problems for the economy and society.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Possibilities-for-Development-by-Local-Government-A-Ahmed/c4767f8bf17b1ea936027b74d680f57e5b8dd06b", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Transportation and Warehousing", + "Engineering & Construction", + "Energy", + "Other" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Asian Economic and Financial Review" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "Peer-reviewed article or other research report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "For-profit Commercial Entity" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2012" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Homi Kharas", + "Laurence Chandy", + "Cameron Peake", + "Anne-Marie Slaughter", + "Eleanor Meegoda", + "Nathan E. Hultman", + "Katherine Sierra", + "Allison Shapiro", + "Mike Kubzansky", + "John Page", + "Molly Kinder" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global", + "Kenya", + "Brazil", + "Philippines", + "Haiti", + "Uganda", + "Afghanistan", + "Zambia", + "Indonesia", + "Mexico" + ], + "Document ID": "1200-Chand-GLO-pr", + "Document Title": "Old problems, new solutions: harnessing technology and innovation in the fight against global poverty", + "Document Summary": "There is growing excitement among governments, international organizations, the private sector, philanthropic organizations, and civil society about the potential of technology and innovation to dramatically improve the lives of poor people around the world. This report consolidates seven policy briefs to explore these issues in detail, lay out the challenges, and offer a range of specific recommendations on what needs to happen and why. ", + "Key Findings": "“The Innovation Revolution and its Implications for Development,” written by Laurence Chandy and Homi Kharjas, explores how technology-driven innovations in finance, management, and accountability can catalyze scaled-up development interventions that reach poor people around the world, but that this depends on the forging of partnerships between nonprofit and for-profit actors. “New Frontiers: Launching Digital Financial Services in Rural Areas,” authored by Cameron Peake, surveys the landscape of digital financial services in rural Africa, Asia, and Latin America and provides valuable lessons gleaned from Mercy Corp’s experience in implementing programs on the ground and reaching populations at the very bottom of the pyramid. In “Harnessing Connection Technologies for Development,” Anne-Marie Slaughter and Eleanor Meegoda put forward a framework to describe the different types of mass networks that have emerged from advances in communication (or connection) technologies and are being harnessed to address global development challenges and pose pertinent questions to guide further research in this exciting new field.\n\nIn \"Innovation and Technology for Green Growth,\" Nathan Hultman, Katherine Sierra, and Allison Shapiro categorize the various green growth innovations and examine recent R&D and investment trends before reviewing new approaches that help countries simultaneously realize economic, environmental, and development goals. The importance of Business Models: Mike Kubzansky argues that designing effective business models matter far more than the technology behind a product when targeting the very poor and explains why it is difficult for the private sector to develop viable business models for this segment of the global population and offers suggestions on how governments, donors, and businesses can work together to overcome obstacles. In \"It’s What You Make, Not How You Make It—Why Africa Needs a Strategy for Structural Change,\" John Page asserts that structural change—the shift of resources in a country with low to high productivity sectors—is more important than technology in addressing the current jobs crisis in Africa and recommends specific steps to kick-start transformation and create globally competitive industries on the continent. Lastly, in \"Delivering U.S. Leadership: Roles for the Public Sector,\" Molly Kinder examines the role of the public sector in unlocking innovation to deliver development “better, cheaper and faster and at scale” and offers recommendations for how the U.S. government and other donor countries can work with the private sector and philanthropic organizations to drive a global innovation agenda.", + "Key Recommendations": "1. Overcoming the weaknesses subsidized and for-profit models requires partnerships between nonprofit and profit actors through the creation of hybrid models. Hybrid models would combine the development efforts of a government, donor, foundation and/or INGO with that of a private corporation under a joint venture, which builds on the financial and accountability strengths of the nonprofit sector and the management, implementation and innovation strengths of the private sector. \n2. Financial products should integrate strategies to overcome barriers related to illiteracy. There are typically higher levels of illiteracy in rural areas and financial literacy may be low, both of which can inhibit effective adoption of services. \n3. For bank-led models, it may be wise to team with an MNO for rural development or look at more human-centered solutions where transaction data may not be real time, but regularly synched as the network allows. \n4. Central to the green growth strategy is technological innovation\nand the establishment of creative, integrated, private and public sector approaches to support innovation in developing countries.\n5. A first, necessary condition for donors to begin to engage meaningfully with private firms, whether smaller impact enterprises or large MNCs, is the creation of independent, arm’s-length intermediaries with the expertise, independence and investment outlook to be able to take on such tasks, and to do so at the scale required to address the problems at hand. \n6. U.S. Leadership: Roles for the Public Sector\n 1) Measure Cost-Effectiveness and Set Clear Targets;\n 2) Set Aside Funding for Evaluation and Learn from Failure;\n 3) Create Multidonor Special Intermediary to Seed and Scale Up \n Innovative Private Sector Solutions.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.brookings.edu/multi-chapter-report/old-problems-new-solutions-harnessing-technology-and-innovation-in-the-fight-against-global-poverty/", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Financial Services" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Caixa", + "Banco Postal", + "Safaricom", + "Xac Bank", + "Kompanion", + "Partner", + "Bank Andara", + "BPI Globe BanKO" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Reputation and Credible Convening Power" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Brookings" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Conflict" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "White Paper/Think Tank Report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "For-profit Commercial Entity", + "Financial Institution, Investors, and Intermediaries" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Global", + "Latin America and the Carribean", + "Africa", + "Asia", + "Afghanistan and Pakistan" + ], + "Year": "2012" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Iveta Cherneva" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global", + "China", + "Greece", + "France", + "United States", + "Spain" + ], + "Document ID": "1200-Chern-GLO-pr", + "Document Title": "The Business Case For Sustainable Finance: Beyond Public Relations, Ethics, and Philanthropy", + "Document Summary": "This paper highlights the importance of considering environmental, social, and governance (ESG) factors in the financial world to make the sector sustainable from a commercial point of view. Thus, there is a need for sector-specific, topic-specific, and region-specific perspectives to build and present a systematic business case for sustainable finance. The article defines ESG as public interest issues affecting human, societal, and environmental well-being and increasingly relevant to business and finance operations. ESG factors and sustainability issues are industry, region, and context-specific. Besides the mission that both the private sector and the financial institutions make a profit, they should have a societal responsibility to fulfill. When financial institutions remain uninterested in environmental problems that affect all economic stakeholders, including businesses—the public justifiably equates their indifference with irresponsibility. ", + "Key Findings": "The paper further argues that money should not drive an entity to do the right thing. However, ethical considerations and appeals to morality might not be sufficient to facilitate change. Individual ethical persuasion may not surmount structural challenges such as institutional, legal, or social dynamics and obligations. While academic and non-profit circles present various arguments as to why finance should investigate the ways to improve the impact and sustainability of the industry, it should be noted that unless an entity realizes and internalizes on a micro-level the business benefits of an approach, outside rhetoric rarely results in genuine and meaningful change. Therefore, the goal here is a discussion of the genuine business arguments for ESG analysis and sustainable finance rather than articulating what the public needs from the finance industry.", + "Key Recommendations": "In conclusion, ESG issues may initially seem to be of concern to the public only. Yet, various perspectives from financial institutions worldwide point to the materiality of these issues to the financial sector. Changing landscapes are redefining and deconstructing the way that ESG issues are understood to affect business and the economy, and they can no longer be dismissed as secondary concerns. Perhaps the strongest evidence for the business case for sustainable finance, however, is the growing level of interest and practice among large financial institutions.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://ffmessaround.files.wordpress.com/2012/09/cherneva.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Financial Services" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "The Fletcher Forum of World Affairs" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Economic Growth", + "Environment/Climate Change" + ], + "Type of Document": "Peer-reviewed article or other research report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Financial Institution, Investors, and Intermediaries", + "Formal Sector", + "For-profit Commercial Entity" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Global", + "Asia", + "Europe and Eurasia" + ], + "Year": "2012" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Marco Giorgino", + "Stephen J. Bailey", + "Laura d’Alessandro" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Italy", + "United Kingdom" + ], + "Document ID": "1200-dAles-MLT-pr", + "Document Title": "Criteria for Risk Allocation in Public-Private Partnerships: A Comparative Analysis Of Three Energy from Waste Projects ", + "Document Summary": "This study aims to investigate the criteria adopted for allocating the risks in energy from waste (EfW) PPPs through a comparative analysis of three EfW case studies in Italy and the UK. It develops an analytical framework based on both the management and bearing of risk as the main criteria to allocate risks both between public and private sectors and within each PPP‟s special purpose vehicle (SPV). The comparative analysis, in accordance with the literature, highlights the deficiencies of the criterion universally adopted for allocating risks in PPPs, namely, to allocate risk to the party best able to manage it. The dynamic nature of the business context is in sharp contrast with the static risk management criterion; this paper makes clear that complex and long-term PPP contracts require further work investigating the risk-bearing criteria required for allocating risks efficiently and effectively in a dynamic situation of incomplete contracts.", + "Key Findings": "All three cases analyzed in this study reveal that: \n \n•\tConsistent with other findings in the academic literature, the ability to manage risk is the unique criterion adopted in practice both between public and private parties and within the SPV. In fact, SPVs have passed on as many as possible of the risks for which they agreed to become contractually liable.\n•\tAlthough not recognized by that literature, the case studies suggest the bearing of default risks remains with the public partner whatever the contractual arrangements with the private partner.\n•\tAlthough the private partners recognize that the bearing of risk is not coincident with the management of risk, the public sector partners seem oblivious of this fact and so fail to understand the importance of this issue.\n", + "Key Recommendations": "•\tThe case studies make clear that justification of use of PPPs is predominantly based on the avoidance of the delays in construction and commissioning of service infrastructures associated with conventional procurement. This justification is however at best partial by default and at worst deliberately highly selective in its portrayal and treatment of risk. This is not to say there are no risk management benefits to be derived from PPPs but, instead, suggests that the risk management rationale for PPPs has been overstated and the need for robust risk governance mechanisms neglected accordingly. \n•\tThe case studies make clear also that contractual rigidity is in sharp contrast with the dynamism of context, suggesting that further work on governance aspects is required, especially those that can be important in managing contractual incompleteness over time. \n•\tThe case studies‟ results make clear that these governance issues must be addressed irrespective of the particular form and structure of PPPs in EfW schemes and irrespective of their context and host country. Hence, further work should extend the analytical framework adopted in this study by considering governance aspects to deal with contractual incompleteness and how it should be governed in a dynamic (rather than static) interactive business context. This more holistic approach is required to underpin value for money.\n\n", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.proquest.com/docview/1670145157", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Energy", + "Biotechnology", + "Financial Services", + "Engineering & Construction", + "Other" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Veolia Environment", + "IREN S.p.A.,", + "BNP Paribas S.A.", + "Unicredit", + "Banca Popolare di Vicenza", + "SACE", + "Pennon Group PLC", + "John Laing PLC", + "Ineos Runcorn Limited", + "F2i SGR", + "Viridor Laing Limited" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Efficiency and Effectiveness", + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Risk-Mitigation and Flexible Authorities" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Journal of Risk and Governance" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Environment/Climate Change" + ], + "Type of Document": "Peer-reviewed article or other research report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Financial Institution, Investors, and Intermediaries", + "Large Enterprise", + "Formal Sector", + "Multi-national Business", + "For-profit Commercial Entity", + "For-profit approach that generates sustainable income" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Europe and Eurasia" + ], + "Year": "2012" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Marie H. Martin", + "Arie Halachmi" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "United Kingdom", + "United States", + "Norway", + "Netherlands", + "Switzerland", + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "1200-Marti-GLO-pr", + "Document Title": "Public-Private Partnerships in Global Health: Addressing Issues of Public Accountability, Risk Management and Governance ", + "Document Summary": "The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the needed effort to address the promise, potential, and challenges associated with PPPs, which are illustrated through examples of partnerships in global health, where particular emphasis is placed on strategies for public accountability, risk management, and governance. Such a contribution, in turn, would be expanding our understanding of PPPs in general and bridging the divide between theory and practice in the fields of global health and public administration. In view of this paper, PPPs are emerging as an attractive strategy for leveraging the strengths of multiple sources in order to address health issues in low and middle-income countries. Recognizing that fiscal limitations and uncertainty will likely remain a part of the political landscape, there is an increased demand for tax money to be used efficiently and effectively. In this context, it is not surprising that along with the success stories there are concerns about the use of global PPPs to address health issues in developing countries. These concerns have to do, first of all, with issues of public accountability. When something goes wrong, and former partners point accusatory fingers at one another, it is difficult to establish accountability or to assure that such fiascos will not be repeated. These concerns result from the inherent difficulty in addressing issues such as risk management and the governance of PPPs when the multiple partners are guided by their respective values and priorities that might not be consistent with each other. The study further articulates those public-private partnerships are more compelling than the alternative of doing nothing.", + "Key Findings": "Collaboration between organizations in different sectors of the economy is not a new development, but it has become increasingly dominant in the discourse on public sector reform (Wettenhall 2003). Partnerships between government and organizations in other sectors of the economy are now accepted as a promising way of generating new opportunities to leverage financial, human, and technological resources that will not be available if government goes it alone (Bovaird 2004, Savas 2000, O’Looney 1992, Linder 1999, Rosenau 2000). In particular, PPPs are emerging as an attractive strategy for leveraging the strengths of multiple sources in order to address health issues in low and middle-income countries. The promise, potential and challenges associated with PPPs are illustrated through examples of partnerships in global health, where particular emphasis is placed on strategies for public accountability, risk management, and governance. The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the needed effort to address this gap in the literature on PPPs in global health. Such a contribution, in turn, would be expanding our understanding of PPPs in general and bridging the divide between theory and practice in the fields of global health and public administration. ", + "Key Recommendations": "The paper suggests that a more in-depth examination of current PPPs in the area of global health and the mobilization of theoretical frameworks from multiple disciplines to study its various aspects would shed additional light on the strengths and weaknesses of this approach. Longitudinal studies of PPPs that have been established to deal with global health issues seem to be an urgent issue. Such case studies would not only advance the understanding of PPPs, in general, but their better use for dealing with health issues. In addition, the role those academic institutions should play in public-private partnerships holds much promise not only in terms of facilitating continued research on this subject but as a strategy for elevating in-house accountability. After all, the high standards of intellectual and scientific integrity that are expected to be upheld by researchers and the consequences of not adhering to them make academicians the likely canaries to flag medical, administrative, and ethical risks in the mines of global health.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/41506769", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Health Care", + "Pharmaceuticals" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Efficiency and Effectiveness", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Risk-Mitigation and Flexible Authorities", + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;", + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Public Administration Quarterly" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Health" + ], + "Type of Document": "Peer-reviewed article or other research report", + "USAID Region": [ + "Global", + "Europe and Eurasia" + ], + "Year": "2012" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Sarah Tinsley", + "Kevin McKague" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Bangladesh", + "India", + "Uganda", + "Ghana", + "El Salvador", + "South Africa", + "Colombia", + "Canada" + ], + "Document ID": "1200-McKag-BGD-pr", + "Document Title": "Bangladesh's Rural Sales Program: Towards a scalable rural sales agent model for distributing socially beneficial goods for the poor", + "Document Summary": "The purpose of this paper is to present one of the most innovative and successful cases of its kind in the world, a social enterprise rural distribution model originally developed by CARE Bangladesh and the Bata Shoe Company, to illustrate the possibility of combining market-based solutions to poverty with socially responsible business growth. The case provides insights into the origins, lessons learned, and key success factors of viable rural sales agent distribution networks serving the poor. A key tension to be managed is keeping the costs of the network down while ensuring that every member is adequately incentivized. ", + "Key Findings": "Although a number of similar door-to-door direct sales models exist around the world, the distribution of socially beneficial goods through a direct sales force was one of the most promising market-based social enterprise business models and “one to watch” with the potential to create value for the poor if organizations could get the details right. Lessons from the Rural Sales Program in Bangladesh are vitally important contributions to practical knowledge about this high-potential social enterprise model. In this respect, the experience of the Rural Sales Program offers a number of important lessons. One of the important lessons is that the Rural Sales Program not only offers a wide variety of products but further shares costs and increases revenues through the network by including multiple companies. Having a wider variety of goods on offer through a network shared by multiple companies also ultimately provides rural customers with greater access to socially beneficial goods. The overall costs of the network are also kept down as hub owners, and Aparajitas are engaged as independent entrepreneurs with low fixed and variable overhead costs. Assigning non-overlapping territories of sufficient size and initially building the network with sales of “pull” products that are already in demand also contribute to the financial sustainability of the network. \n\nSocial implications – The 3,000 women sales agents in rural Bangladesh engaged with the Rural Sales Program have benefited from earning viable incomes in contexts where opportunities for employment and empowerment of women are limited. Rural populations have gained affordable access to socially beneficial goods such as fortified foods, seeds, daily necessities and shoes. Companies have benefited from learning how to adapt their product offerings to meet the needs of low-income customers.", + "Key Recommendations": "The experience of the Rural Sales Program highlights that a critical piece to get right is the configuration of the distribution channel between the sales agents and companies. The Rural Sales Program’s experience suggests that the most important first step in increasing access to socially beneficial goods is to focus on building the financial sustainability of the network first. Once a rural distribution network is established and financially sustainable, it can be leveraged to increase access to types of socially beneficial goods such as feeds, medicines, and other agricultural inputs that may be more expensive to sell and distribute. ", + "Internet URL of Document": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/17508611211226566", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Processing & Manufacturing", + "Retail", + "Fast Moving Consumer Goods", + "Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, and Hunting", + "Food & Beverage", + "Telecommunications", + "Health Care", + "Business Services" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Monitor Group (Monitor Deloitte)", + "VisionSpring", + "Natura", + "Toyola", + "Health Keepers", + "BIC", + "Grameen Phone", + "Danone Foods", + "Lal Teer", + "Square", + "Unilever", + "Bata Shoe Company" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities", + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;", + "Advancing Learning and Market Research;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Social Enterprise Journal" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "Peer-reviewed article or other research report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "For-profit Commercial Entity", + "For-profit approach that generates sustainable income", + "Multi-national Business", + "Formal Sector", + "American Business", + "Corporate Foundation", + "Large Enterprise" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Asia", + "Africa", + "Latin America and the Carribean" + ], + "Year": "2012" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Prahlad Kasturi", + "Kiertisak Toh" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "South Sudan", + "United States", + "Netherlands", + "Norway", + "Sweden", + "United Kingdom", + "Denmark" + ], + "Document ID": "1200-Toh-SSD-pr", + "Document Title": "Foreign Aid in Post-Conflict Countries: The Case of South Sudan", + "Document Summary": "This paper suggests that foreign aid in a post-conflict situation requires a new approach different from the traditional one of discrete phases along the emergency relief, political reform to development continuum. Instead, aid intervention aimed at accelerating economic recovery and growth ought to be at the forefront of aid as soon as it can be managed securely and is most effective when enacted concurrently with political and democratic change. This can be achieved through economic and institutional reforms that encourage private sector-led growth. Countries that emerged from violent conflict or civil wars are generally characterized by weak policies, institutions, governance, and a higher probability of reverting to conflict. South Sudan fits all these characteristics, but it also has the challenges of building new institutions and rules of governance as an independent nation. It faces the challenges of establishing a basic institutional framework in the context of low human capital stock with a public sector compromised largely of former leaders in the military and other ex-combatants. In light of this, the U.S. Government through USAID began to invest in technical assistance and training back in 2004 prior to the creation of the Comprehensive Peace Accord. ", + "Key Findings": "Through this intervention, the U.S. Government/USAID developed core institutional structures to strengthen the executive function of the semi-autonomous GOSS, the legal framework, and the financial sector. It established five core institutions: the Bank of South Sudan, a branch of the Central Bank of Sudan, the Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning, the Ministry of Legal Affairs and Constitutional Development, and the Office of the Presidential Affairs with mixed results in achieving the goal. The MDTF managed by the Six Country JDT experienced a similar challenge related to aid absorption capacity. The evaluation found that, in ignorance of the ground reality, they had created the MDTF based on unrealistic assumptions and expectations. The USAID and the JDT experiences were indicative of the difficult choices faced by aid donors in post-conflict situations. Technical assistance would often end up deliberately underutilized by its counterparts, as demonstrated by the USAID Core Institutional Structure Program. Nevertheless, the approach of deploying additional aid for economic and institutional reforms in support of more rapid growth led by the private sector has yielded to date a positive result, but more ought to be expected. The case of South Sudan provides preliminary support and suggestive lessons in support of the new approach for aid intervention in post-conflict economics. ", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.researchgate.net/publication/289302810_Foreign_aid_in_post-conflict_countries_The_case_of_South_Sudan", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Financial Services", + "Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, and Hunting" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Risk-Mitigation and Flexible Authorities", + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Journal of Third World Studies" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Conflict", + "Youth" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Economic Growth", + "Peace & Security", + "Humanitarian Assistance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Peer-reviewed article or other research report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Informal Sector", + "Formal Sector", + "Local Business" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa", + "Europe and Eurasia" + ], + "Year": "2012" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Justin W. van Fleet" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Senegal", + "Egypt", + "Jordan", + "Malawi", + "Zambia", + "Colombia", + "Dominican Republic", + "Philippines", + "Tanzania", + "Thailand" + ], + "Document ID": "1200-VanFl-MLT-pr", + "Document Title": "Business and the Global Learning Crisis: Principles for Sustainable Engagement", + "Document Summary": "This paper highlights the flaws in the narrow vision of business engagement in global education over the past decade. It has also outlined the core principles of a paradigm shift for corporate engagement in education that should be followed to ensure that the business community plays a sustainable and valuable role in addressing the global learning crisis and, particularly, issues of educational equity. \n\nEmerging data exposes dismal learning levels in developing countries. Approximately 200 million children worldwide are enrolled in school but learning so little that they struggle to read. In some countries in sub-Saharan Africa, a child with five years of schooling has a 40 percent chance of being illiterate, which shows the desperate need to expand the collaboration with business communities, government, and donor agencies.", + "Key Findings": "Private companies’ support of education in developing countries has been largely inefficient and unable to create large-scale change, especially for the world’s most marginalized populations. There are opportunities to leverage the expertise of the education community and the collective action of various stakeholders, including governments, multilateral and bilateral agencies, foundations, and communities, to improve corporate investments in support of global education. In this piece, I highlight the flaws in the narrow vision of business engagement in global education over the past decade.", + "Key Recommendations": "The report recommends engaging the corporate sector in education on a broad-based approach, rallying all stakeholders in the private sector around core education needs, if it is to address the leading social and economic growth crisis of its time: a lack of equitable access to learning for all. By working collaboratively across a series of stakeholders to enhance government capacity in education provision, the private sector should be able to harness the unique assets each company brings to the table and leverage those of other stakeholders in education. The new set of principles outlined in this paper provides a framework for the business community’s engagement in education. \n\nPrinciple 1: Make a Direct Link between Investing in Learning and Core Business\n\nPrinciple 2: Evaluate Impact using Outcomes-Based Learning Metrics\n\nPrinciple 3: Promote Meaningful Collaboration\n\nPrinciple 4: Support Government Capacity to Provide Quality\nEducation\n\nPrinciple 5: Play an Advocacy Role to Promote the Importance of Education and Learning", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Educational Services" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Ability to Influence Policy", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;", + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "The Fletcher Forum of World Affairs" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Youth", + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Education and Social Services" + ], + "Type of Document": "Peer-reviewed article or other research report", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa", + "Middle East", + "Latin America and the Carribean", + "Asia" + ], + "Year": "2012" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Stacey White" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Regional", + "Pakistan", + "Japan", + "Haiti" + ], + "Document ID": "1201-WHITE-MLT", + "Document Title": "Corporate Engagement in Natural Disaster Response", + "Document Summary": "A number of important studies have analyzed the motivations for corporate engagement in disaster response. Although this report touches on the issue of motivation, it assumes a collective understanding of why corporations have become active in this space and focuses more specifically on how they are engaging and what it means for the future of disaster assistance. Thus, the report seeks to answer two important questions:\n\nWhat different models of corporate engagement have been employed during the last decade?\nWhat are the most promising partnership models for the future, and what can be done to facilitate them today?\n\nThis study employs five international disasters as historical reference points in assessing models for action: the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami, the 2005 Kashmir earthquake, the 2008 Sichuan earthquake, the 2010 Haiti earthquake, and the 2011 Great East Japan earthquake. The methodology included a desk review and interviews with nearly 30 experts from a variety of institutions.", + "Key Findings": "By connecting networks of resource and competence along a global public-private value chain, societal disaster resilience can be enhanced multifold. This cannot be accomplished through the discrete implementation of individual, disconnected programs, but requires the design of coordination systems and processes that connect supply and demand in an appropriate manner and allow the best ideas to be brought to scale. ", + "Key Recommendations": "Recommendations for implementing the public-private agenda in this field of international action include six key steps: invest in more streamlined and permanent convening platforms for stakeholders to share strategic thinking and collaborate for design; press for strong and consistent U.S. government engagement in partnership systems; understand the diversity of stakeholders; transfer key business expertise to government and NGOs; encourage more robust corporate engagement in disaster risk reduction (DRR) and disaster recovery; prioritize localized engagement through more trisector partnerships. ", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://csis-website-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/s3fs-public/legacy_files/files/publication/120117_White_CorporateEngagement_Web.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Pharmaceuticals", + "Food & Beverage", + "Transportation and Warehousing", + "Business Services", + "Technology", + "Energy", + "Retail", + "Telecommunications" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Digicel", + "Interaction", + "FedEx", + "Costco", + "Chevron", + "Xerox", + "General Electric", + "Citicorp", + "Coca-Cola", + "UPS", + "Pfizer" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;", + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Advancing Learning and Market Research;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "CSIS" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Humanitarian Assistance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Multi-national Business" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Asia", + "Afghanistan and Pakistan", + "Africa", + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2012" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Abdallah S Daar", + "Nadira Saleh", + "Obidimma C Ezezika" + ], + "Document ID": "1205-EZEZI-MLT-pr", + "Document Title": "Trait stacking for biotech crops: an essential consideration for agbiotech development projects for building trust", + "Document Summary": "This case study looks at trait stacking for biotech crops in consideration for agbiotech development projects for building trust. The study found that it is necessary to publicly address concerns surrounding trait stacking. This means that it is also critical to anticipate any concerns pertaining to distrust in agbiotech and put them in project planning, so small-scale farmers will trust agbiotech.", + "Key Findings": "Our social audit engagement with one of these initiatives, the Water Efficient Maize for Africa project, has revealed that a critical but unrecognized component of building trust with farmers involves publicly addressing the concerns surrounding stacked trait crops. As a result, we argue in this article that it is critical to actively anticipate the concerns that could be raised over trait stacking by incorporating them into global access plans of such initiatives early in order to facilitate adoption, provide the best value to the small-scale farmer and gain trust with the community whom these projects aim to serve. This perspective, based on an actual international social audit, should be of value to scientists, funders and partners involved in biotech development initiatives for food security.", + "Key Recommendations": "The concerns raised over the use of stacked traits as uniquely revealed by our social audit of the WEMA project are applicable to other current and upcoming agbiotech projects. Principal investigators and funders of\nhumanitarian agbiotech initiatives should actively anticipate these concerns and incorporate them into their project plans in order to gain trust with the community they aim to serve. Although issues such as cost-effectiveness and the engagement of multiple project partners may be perceived as constraints to incorporating the use of stacked traits in agbiotech development projects, cases such as the Golden Rice project and AgrisureW 3000GT demonstrate that such obstacles can be overcome, especially if project partners commit to maintaining a hu-\nmanitarian focus. We believe that publicly addressing concerns surrounding stacked traits early in biotech development initiatives will increase the potential of all partners and stakeholders to generate mutually advantageous solutions and enhance opportunities to build trust.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://agricultureandfoodsecurity.biomedcentral.com/track/pdf/10.1186/2048-7010-1-5.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, and Hunting", + "Biotechnology" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities", + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Reputation and Credible Convening Power", + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Agriculture and Food Security" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Agriculture and Food Security" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Local Business", + "Micro, Small, or Medium Enterprise" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2012" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Julie Walz", + "Vijaya Ramachandran" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Haiti" + ], + "Document ID": "1205-RAMAC-HTI", + "Document Title": "Haiti: Where Has All the Money Gone? ", + "Document Summary": "This document explores the flow of humanitarian and development aid in Haiti. Since the 2010 earthquake, almost $6 billion has been disbursed in official aid to Haiti, a country with a population of just under 10 million. An\nestimated $3 billion has been donated to NGOs in private contributions in addition to official aid. The United States Government alone has disbursed almost $2 billion of this total amount and has pledged over $3 billion for relief and reconstruction.\n\nNongovernmental organizations (NGOs) and private contractors have been the intermediate recipients of most of these funds. The Government of Haiti has received just 1 percent of humanitarian aid and somewhere between 15 and 21 percent of longer-term relief aid. As a result, NGOs and private contractors in Haiti have built an extensive infrastructure for the provision of social services. Yet, these entities appear to have limited accountability; despite the use of public funds, there are few evaluations of services delivered, lives saved, or mistakes made. Most importantly, Haitians are disillusioned with the overall lack of progress, and with the lack of transparency and accountability.", + "Key Findings": "There is not any particular evidence to support the view that simply abolishing NGOs and private contractors, or cutting off aid, will cause the population to seek a more accountable government. But it is clear that NGOs and private contractors need to be more effective and more accountable. They do need to improve cooperation with each other and with the Government of Haiti, and be held to common principles, in order to achieve better outcomes. Systematic and widely-accessible evaluations by NGOs and contractors,\ncompliance with the International Aid Transparency Initiative, and increased use by the government of competitive bidding—may help to hold international organizations accountable and rebuild government capacity while maintaining the delivery of services to the people of Haiti.", + "Key Recommendations": "It is likely that NGOs and private contractors will continue to dominate service provision in Haiti for some time to come. In light of this fact, we recommend three options to improve the current situation. \n\nOne: NGOs and private contractors carry out systematic and widely accessible evaluations of their work. \n\nTwo: All actors in Haiti be held accountable by publishing data on expenditures and outcomes in Haiti. The International Aid Transparency Initiative may be the perfect vehicle for this and the Unites States government should require NGOs (and possibly private contractors) to report to IATI. IATI compliance might eventually be a prerequisite for receiving US funds. \n\nAnd three: The Government of Haiti procure services through competitive bidding whenever possible, in order to maintain service delivery while building local capacity over the longer term.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://acrobat.adobe.com/link/review?uri=urn:aaid:scds:US:f0a53652-385c-4d44-85d0-71d76327dee3", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Health Care", + "Transportation and Warehousing", + "Engineering & Construction", + "Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, and Hunting", + "Food & Beverage" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Efficiency and Effectiveness", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities", + "Flexibility and Pace" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Center for Global Development" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Economic Growth", + "Humanitarian Assistance", + "Agriculture and Food Security", + "Democracy, Human Rights, & Governance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "USAID Region": [ + "Latin America and the Carribean" + ], + "Year": "2012" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Joanne Burke", + "Rosie Oglesby" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "1206-OGLES-GLO", + "Document Title": "Platforms for Private Sector-Humanitarian Collaboration", + "Document Summary": "This scoping study explores how ‘platforms’ – in the form of intermediary organisations, networks, alliances and temporary coalitions – support the private sector’s engagement in humanitarian action, from disaster risk reduction (DRR) and preparedness through response, reconstruction and development. This study draws together information on platforms that was previously not available or accessible. \n\nThe study builds upon previous research by the Humanitarian Futures Programme (HFP) King’s College London which examined the existing context of humanitarian-private sector engagement. This research identified platforms as a valuable avenue for addressing challenges that have hindered effective\njoint engagement to date. Seven main research areas framed the scoping study:\n\n1 Different types of platform models used to promote private sector-humanitarian collaboration, and analysis of the function, characteristics, and success factors of these models;\n\n2 How different platforms perceive and define the role of the private sector in humanitarian action and the contributions, comparative advantages and added value the private sector can bring;\n\n3 The challenges encountered by platforms in helping to develop private sector-humanitarian partnerships;\n\n4 How platforms view the evolving trends and transformations that may affect humanitarian action over the next decade and the opportunities and challenges this will pose to collaboration;\n\n5 How platforms engage and link with one another, both horizontally (i.e. across platforms with related remits) and vertically (upwards and downwards between global, regional and national levels);\n\n6 How platforms engage with national governments, regional authorities and other actors;\n\n7 How platforms understand and measure the effectiveness of their activities and perceive their accountability to different stakeholders.", + "Key Findings": "Platforms emerge to address complex crisis challenges that individual organisations or partnerships are unable to overcome alone.\n\nPlatforms reflect, and can contribute to, a changing concept and dynamic of humanitarian action with a greater focus on disaster risk reduction and preparedness. However, they often struggle to turn this intention into practical action. \n\nAn added value of platforms is that they can provide a clear access point for the private sector to engage in humanitarian action and they can help overcome common challenges to engagement. \n\nPlatforms struggle to define and measure their impact.\n\nPlatforms across different contexts value common success characteristics which allow them to effectively serve their members. \n\nCurrently there is no identifiable home or information repository for the learning platforms generate on how they facilitate the private sector’s engagement in humanitarian action. \n\nPlatforms have a record of inconsistent progress in forging links with governments. \n\nPlatforms recognise they need to be adaptive, but face common challenges in doing this.\n\nPlatforms recognise they will have to work in new ways to remain relevant in a futures context.", + "Key Recommendations": "This document provides 15 recommendations. [These] recommendations are suggestions for how platforms could focus their attention on strengthening the work they do. Recommendations 1-11 are directed at the platforms themselves, while 12-15 are aimed at the wider humanitarian community and donors interested in supporting more effective private sector engagement in humanitarian action.\n\nOne of the recommendations is as follows:\nPlatforms should consider ways they can more effectively interact and share learning amongst themselves, horizontally and vertically. Also, private sector entities looking to begin or increase involvement in humanitarian action should consider whether engagement through platforms, in addition to or instead of individual partnerships with humanitarian agencies, provide a useful way to achieve their aims. ", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.preventionweb.net/publication/platforms-private-sector-humanitarian-collaboration", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Engineering & Construction", + "Pharmaceuticals", + "Telecommunications", + "Technology" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "King's College" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Humanitarian Assistance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Peer-reviewed article or other research report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Large Enterprise", + "For-profit Commercial Entity" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2012" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "William Y. Brown", + "Nathan Hultman", + "Bruce Jones", + "Homi Kharas", + "Joshua Meltzer", + "Mark Muro", + "Devashree Saha", + "Katherine Sierra", + "Allison Shapiro", + "David Steven" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "1206-Sierr-GLO-pr", + "Document Title": "Rio+20: Coalitions driving bottom-up change", + "Document Summary": "This paper highlights the key issues and challenges discussed during the Rio de Janeiro on June 20-22, 2012, meeting to address the global community's many environmental challenges by offering expert views from the Brookings Institution. It provides policy recommendations for leaders to consider to promote sustainable growth in both the developed and developing world.\n\nKatherine Sierra, in this paper, outlines why green growth is essential and how the international community can leverage it to bolster global growth but explains how the outcomes from Rio+20 will be driven by bottom-up initiatives and organizations ahead of national governments or international consensus. Next, Nathan Hultman and Allison Shapiro address how technological innovations can help least-developed countries move onto sustainable development trajectories through regional science foundations, nations' business incubators, and dedicated funds to de-risk investment and encourage intellectual property sharing. Finally, Homi Kharas and David Steven argue that the Sustainable Development Goals need several years of negotiation and development to avoid \"the curse of the sequel\" and that Rio+20 should only launch the process and not determine the goals themselves.\n \nBruce Jones describes how the international framework for implementing Rio+20’s action items must be reformed to achieve success by creating a new U.N. Council on Sustainable Development or adaptation of the U.N. Economic and Social Council. Joshua Meltzer calls for more international cooperation to reduce trade barriers described in the WTO Doha round. However, he explains that countries can act unilaterally in achieving emissions reductions if consensus cannot be reached. Mark Muro and Devashree Saha examine how cities and regions are increasingly the chief loci of labor force matching, technical innovation and adoption, industrial output, and social opportunity making them the key drivers of green economies and domestic green growth policies. Finally, William Brown explains the importance of natural capital, like ecosystems, oceans, and biodiversity, being incorporated into the economic planning of governments and private enterprises and calls on Rio+20 participant nations to mandate consideration of natural capital in national wealth accounting.\n", + "Key Findings": "The United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development (UNCSD), or Rio+20, has identified seven key priority areas for discussion: decent jobs, energy, sustainable cities, food security and sustainable agriculture, water, oceans and disaster readiness. Green growth as a pathway for sustainable development has been proposed as an element to integrate these priorities. Other issues to be discussed include establishing a new development agenda to replace the Millennium Development Goals (set to expire in 2015) with the Sustainable Development Goals, and finding new sources for climate and sustainable development financing. Joining the debate on the challenges and expectations for the Rio+20 Summit, experts from the Brookings Institution explore the critical issues and offer policy recommendations for leaders to consider in order to promote sustainable growth in both the developed and developing world.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.brookings.edu/multi-chapter-report/rio20-coalitions-driving-bottom-up-change/", + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;", + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Brookings" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Economic Growth", + "Environment/Climate Change" + ], + "Type of Document": "White Paper/Think Tank Report", + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2012" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Gary M. Cohen", + "Jeffrey L. Sturchio" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global", + "Uganda", + "Ethiopia", + "South Africa", + "Mozambique", + "Eswatini", + "Tanzania", + "Brazil" + ], + "Document ID": "1207-Sturc-GLO-pr", + "Document Title": "How PEPFAR’s Public-Private Partnerships Achieved Ambitious Goals, From Improving Labs To Strengthening Supply Chains", + "Document Summary": "This paper presents how the President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR)’s Public-Private Partnerships achieved ambitious goals from improving labs to strengthening supply chains while also improving the lives of millions of people in the developing world living with and affected by HIV/AIDS. Part of the program’s success is attributable to the participation of the private sector, working in partnership with the US and local governments and implementing organizations to maximize the reach and effectiveness of every dollar spent. The paper has examined key public-private partnerships that grew out of PEPFAR to identify features that have made them effective. The study found that setting ambitious goals, enlisting both global and local partners, cultivating a culture of collaboration, careful planning, continuous monitoring and evaluation, and measuring outcomes systematically led to the most effective programs. The experience of the Office of the US Global AIDS Coordinator and PEPFAR since 2003 has shown that they have been willing to embrace ambitious partnerships and break new ground in how the US government collaborates with the private sector and country partners. That leadership has been central to PEPFAR’s success. ", + "Key Findings": "We found that setting ambitious goals, enlisting both global and local partners, cultivating a culture of collaboration, careful planning, continuous monitoring and evaluation, and measuring outcomes systematically led to the most effective programs. ", + "Key Recommendations": "In the coming years, the report suggests that PEPFAR should continue to broaden its capacity for private-sector partnerships, learning from its first decade of experience and identifying new ways to make smart investments that will deliver even more value for money in such areas as integrating the private sector into health service delivery, increasing the supply of trained health workers, expanding workplace programs for HIV prevention and treatment, and integrating strategies that address the health needs of women and children such as reducing gender-based violence, into the entire spectrum of PEPFAR’s activities at the country level.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2012.0585", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Health Care", + "Business Services", + "Technology", + "Processing & Manufacturing", + "Transportation and Warehousing" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Grupo ABC", + "Voxiva", + "UPS", + "Becton Dickinson & Co." + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness", + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments", + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Advancing Learning and Market Research;", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;", + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Health Affairs" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Health" + ], + "Type of Document": "Peer-reviewed article or other research report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "For-profit Commercial Entity", + "American Business", + "Large Enterprise", + "Formal Sector", + "Multi-national Business", + "Local Business" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Global", + "Africa", + "Latin America and the Carribean" + ], + "Year": "2012" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Berthollet Bwira Kaboru" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global", + "India", + "Kenya", + "Nigeria" + ], + "Document ID": "1209-Kabor-GLO-pr", + "Document Title": "Uncovering the Potential of Private Providers’ Involvement in Health to Strengthen Comprehensive Health Systems: A Discussion Paper", + "Document Summary": "This discussion paper aims to identify potential aspects linking the Public-private mix (PPM) approach to health systems building blocks, using a few experiences from tuberculosis control and beyond. The paper targets policymakers, donors, and health systems scientists and ends with a call for more awareness and innovative leadership, for increased support of PPM initiatives covering various building blocks, and for more operational research. ", + "Key Findings": "As the paper highlights, health systems strengthening (HSS) is being increasingly recognized as a strategic cross-cutting issue in all World Health Organization (WHO) work. Health systems comprise six building blocks: service delivery, medical products, vaccines and technologies, health workforce, health systems financing, health information system, and leadership and governance. Public-private mix (PPM) approaches or partnerships consist of initiatives aimed at increasing collaboration and improving the relationships between public–public, public-private, and private–private health providers. An important component of PPM is the clear distribution of tasks between the different providers involved in the provision of health care. In practice, most PPM initiatives are disease-specific and are often related to the health service delivery block mentioned above. Although there is widespread consensus that PPM initiatives are typical of an HSS nature, efforts to make explicit the links between PPM and health systems building blocks are rather uncommon.", + "Key Recommendations": "This paper calls for an extended approach to the role of the private sector in health, arguing that private actors are relevant with respect to all health system building blocks beyond the sole health services delivery component and vertical disease control programs. Policymakers’ awareness of this potential and their innovative and leadership capabilities are key to shaping and managing such initiatives. Moreover, donors are needed to promote non-disease-specific PPM initiatives. Operational research to assess the relevance and effectiveness of PPM initiatives with regard to different health system building blocks will be highly useful in informing health policy.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://doi.org/10.1177/1757913911414770", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Health Care", + "Pharmaceuticals" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Efficiency and Effectiveness", + "Ability to Influence Policy", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;", + "Advancing Learning and Market Research;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Perspectives in Public Health Journal" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Health" + ], + "Type of Document": "Peer-reviewed article or other research report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "For-profit Commercial Entity", + "Formal Sector", + "Local Business", + "Multi-national Business" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Global", + "Africa", + "Asia" + ], + "Year": "2012" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Nikolai Mouraviev", + "Nada K. Kakabadse" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Russia", + "Kazakhstan", + "Kyrgyzstan", + "Ukraine", + "France" + ], + "Document ID": "1209-Moura-MLT-pr", + "Document Title": "Conceptualising public-private partnerships: A critical appraisal of approaches to meanings and forms", + "Document Summary": "The purpose of this article is to analyze various meanings attached to a public-private partnership (PPP) and related aspects in Western literature and identify commonalities and differences between them. The article intends to critically assess conflicting and overlapping views on contractual and institutional PPPs, their forms, and models to draw insights into transitional economies. \n\nThe article presents critical elements associated with PPP and necessary for theoretical building, theory testing, and further research. The value of this paper is in providing clarification of a position adopted by some authors and governments regarding a specific PPP aspect rather than just presenting another author’s view. It is up to a researcher to decide what stance she or he wants to take in reference to the meaning of a PPP or a specific PPP issue. ", + "Key Findings": "After analyzing different approaches to the meaning of a PPP, its forms, models, stakeholders to be involved in the PPP process, and calculating benefits to society, the paper suggests that public-private partnership should not be understood as institutional arrangements bringing merely benefits. Only the long-run view of PPPs may offer an accurate assessment of their benefits, costs, and externalities. In contrast to across-the-broad kind of statements regarding PPP advantages, efficiency, and strengths for a society that can hardly be justified. Each project requires individual evaluation and one can link its merits and positive spillover effects, discounted by costs and negative externalities, to the specific groups of society’s beneficiaries.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://doi.org/10.1108/SBR-04-2016-0024", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Engineering & Construction" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Efficiency and Effectiveness", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Society and Business Review" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "Peer-reviewed article or other research report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "For-profit Commercial Entity", + "Formal Sector" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Europe and Eurasia", + "Asia" + ], + "Year": "2012" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Rachel A. Quero" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Philippines" + ], + "Document ID": "1209-Quero-PHL", + "Document Title": "Reframing Coordination Challenges for Public-Private Partnerships in Disaster Preparedness ", + "Document Summary": "Disaster preparedness invariably needs effective coordination among stakeholders. This paper explores several dimensions useful for examining some current issues and opportunities in coordinating public-private efforts in\ndisaster preparedness based on the Philippine experience. More specifically, the structural, political, human behavior, and symbolic frames of coordination are discussed. The study has implications for improving the conduct of disaster preparedness in the future from the standpoint of managerial effectiveness. ", + "Key Findings": "From an analysis of key informant interviews conducted by this researcher, the challenges in coordination as experienced by specific institutions jointly involved in disaster preparedness may be viewed in the light of structural, political, human behavior, and symbolic frames. ", + "Key Recommendations": "The results of the study seem to point out the need to explore the human dimension; particularly, the psychological and sociological aspects of disaster management. This is important considering that people's attitudes, beliefs, norms, and values with respect to disaster events are critical for changing mindsets and encouraging positive actions. ", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S187704281204671X", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Other" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Risk-Mitigation and Flexible Authorities" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Elsevier" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Humanitarian Assistance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Peer-reviewed article or other research report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Business Association or Cooperative", + "Local Business", + "Financial Institution, Investors, and Intermediaries" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Asia" + ], + "Year": "2012" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Linton Wells II", + "Samuel Bendett" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "United States", + "United Kingdom" + ], + "Document ID": "1210-Wells-GLO-pr", + "Document Title": "Public-Private Cooperation in the Department of Defense: A Framework for Analysis and Recommendations for Action ", + "Document Summary": "This paper is intended to promote public-private cooperation (PPC) in the Department of Defense (DOD). The paper articulates the imperative for PPC and then proposes an analytical framework that features four broad categories along a continuum of formality: contractual arrangements, well-defined standards and protocols, broad frameworks for interaction, and emergent or undefined situations. This paper anticipates challenges and identifies steps to overcome them. It provides examples from each of the four categories, including how the collaborators overcame the challenges they faced and practical implications for future PPC efforts. ", + "Key Findings": "Public Private Cooperation (PPC) has proved to be effective at the U.S. Department of State and U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID). Department of Defense leaders are expressing interest in implementing parallel approaches. PPC is intended to further policy objectives, enhance U.S. operational capabilities, reduce costs, gain access to nonmilitary expertise or assets, or build greater capacity in partners. As DOD adapts to meet evolving roles and missions in an unpredictable and complex world amid fiscal constraints, the expertise and involvement of the private sector, including nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), research institutions, and academia will be essential. ", + "Key Recommendations": "Based on discussions and findings, the paper suggests several broad conclusions about enhancing PPC that can be applied immediately. Clarifying PPC objectives early, promoting PPC benefits mutually, assigning a Central Coordinator of PCC, addressing cross-cultural issues, building flexibility into contracts, developing a PPC framework for interaction, and assessing emergent conditions are some of the key conclusions that the paper would like to make for policymakers and practitioners. ", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://ndupress.ndu.edu/Portals/68/Documents/defensehorizon/DH-74.pdf?ver=2014-03-06-114916-250", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Aerospace and Defense", + "Educational Services", + "Energy" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Center for Strategic and International Studies", + "Civil Reserve Air Fleet" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities", + "Ability to Influence Policy", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Reputation and Credible Convening Power" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;", + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Institute for National Strategic Studies" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Peace & Security", + "Education and Social Services", + "Humanitarian Assistance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Peer-reviewed article or other research report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "For-profit Commercial Entity", + "American Business" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2012" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Obidimma C Ezezika", + "Abdallah S Daar" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Egypt" + ], + "Document ID": "1211-EZEZI-EGY-pr", + "Document Title": "Building trust in biotechnology crops in light of the\nArab Spring: a case study of Bt maize in Egypt", + "Document Summary": "This case study looks at building trust with biotechnology crops, Bt maize, in Egypt. This study was formed through the review of published materials, observation, and interviews with stakeholders. Five key lessons were acquired from the study: \"it is important to have transparent interactions and clearly defined project priorities; partners need to engage farmers using proven-effective, hands-on approaches; positive interactions with the technology are important; there is a need for improved communication strategies and appropriate media response; and political context cannot be ignored.\" The five key lessons will help with building trust in regards to using agbiotech in Egypt, but the uneasy political situation will need to be monitored and taken into account.", + "Key Findings": "We have distilled five key lessons from this case study. First, it is important to have transparent interactions and clearly defined project priorities, roles and responsibilities among core partners. Second, partners need to engage farmers by using proven-effective, hands-on approaches as a means for farmers to build trust in the technology. Third, positive interactions with the technology are important; increased yields and secure income attributable to the seed will facilitate trust. Fourth, there is a need for improved communication strategies and\nappropriate media response to obviate unwarranted public perceptions of the project. Finally, the political context cannot be ignored; there is a need to establish trust in both the public and private sector as a means to secure the future of agbiotech PPPs in Egypt.", + "Key Recommendations": "Most important to the case of Egypt is the effect of the current political climate on project success. There is reason to believe that the current political situation will dictate the ability of public institutions and private\ncorporations to engage in trusting partnerships.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://agricultureandfoodsecurity.biomedcentral.com/track/pdf/10.1186/2048-7010-1-S1-S4.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, and Hunting", + "Biotechnology" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness", + "Ability to Influence Policy" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments", + "Reputation and Credible Convening Power" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Agriculture Food and Security" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Agriculture and Food Security" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Micro, Small, or Medium Enterprise", + "Formal Sector" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2012" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Abdallah S Daar", + "Justin Mabeya", + "Obidimma C Ezezika" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Kenya", + "Benin", + "Uganda" + ], + "Document ID": "1211-EZEZI-MLT-pr", + "Document Title": "Building effective partnerships: the role of trust in the Virus Resistant Cassava for Africa project", + "Document Summary": "This agricultural case study looks at the role of trust in the public private partnership for genetically modified cassava in Kenya and Uganda. For the study, they conducted interviews with stakeholders to analyze their understanding of trust in regards to agbiotech. The study found that \"individual and institutional enthusiasm paired with a collaborative agreement contributes to enhancing trust. Although negative perceptions from some international partners hinders the trust building.\" Four key lessons were learned from this case study: \"differences in the capacity of partner institutions and individuals should be respected; technical and infrastructural capacity support for regulatory processes in Africa must be built; detailed agreements and open and transparent partner practices during project implementation are necessary to dispel perceptions of inequality among partners; and institutional and individual commitment to succeed is important in initiating the project.\" ", + "Key Findings": "Various factors undermine and build trust in agbiotech PPPs. Individual and institutional enthusiasm and detailed collaborative agreements stipulating partner roles and responsibilities are likely to enhance trust among partners. On the other hand, negative perceptions propagated by international partners about the capacities of African institutions and scientists, coupled with slow regulatory processes in Africa, are likely to be impediments to trust building.", + "Key Recommendations": "Based on the findings of this study, we have derived four key lessons. First, differences in the capacity of the partner institutions and individuals should be respected. Second, technical and infrastructural capacity support for regulatory processes in Africa must be built. Third, detailed agreements and open and transparent partner practices during project implementation are necessary to dispel perceptions of inequality among partners. Fourth, institutional and individual commitment to succeed is important in initiation of the project. These lessons can be used by other agbiotech PPPs as a guide for building trust among partners and with the community.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://agricultureandfoodsecurity.biomedcentral.com/track/pdf/10.1186/2048-7010-1-S1-S7.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Biotechnology", + "Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, and Hunting" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Donald Danforth Plant Sciences Center" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Flexibility and Pace", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Reputation and Credible Convening Power" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Agriculture Food and Security" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Health", + "Agriculture and Food Security" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Micro, Small, or Medium Enterprise" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2012" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Abdallah S Daar", + "Obidimma C Ezezika" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Nigeria" + ], + "Document ID": "1211-EZEZI-NGA-pr", + "Document Title": "Overcoming barriers to trust in agricultural biotechnology projects: a case study of Bt cowpea in Nigeria", + "Document Summary": "This agricultural case study looks at trust between the community and private sector in regards to the Bt cowpea plant in Nigeria. The study was based on collecting data from observations and interviews centered around trust. Findings highlight: \"the importance of respecting mandates and eliminating conflicts of interest; holding community engagement initiatives early on; having on-going internal discussion and planning; and serving a local-defined need.\"", + "Key Findings": "Our findings highlight the importance of respecting mandates and eliminating conflicts of interest; holding community engagement initiatives early on; having on-going internal discussion and planning; and serving a locally-defined need. These four lessons could prove helpful to other agricultural biotechnology initiatives in which partners may face similar trust-related challenges.", + "Key Recommendations": "Overcoming challenges to building trust requires concerted effort throughout all stages of project implementation. Currently, plans are being made to backcross the cowpea strain into a local variety in Nigeria. The development and adoption of the Bt cowpea seed hinges on the adoption of a National Biosafety Law in Nigeria. For countries that have decided to adopt biotech crops, the Nigerian cowpea experiment can be used as a model for other West African nations, and is actually applied as such in Ghana and Burkina Faso, interested in developing a Bt cowpea.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://agricultureandfoodsecurity.biomedcentral.com/track/pdf/10.1186/2048-7010-1-S1-S5.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Biotechnology", + "Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, and Hunting" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Monsanto Company" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Reputation and Credible Convening Power" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Agriculture Food and Security" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Agriculture and Food Security" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Micro, Small, or Medium Enterprise", + "Formal Sector", + "Multi-national Business", + "Corporate Foundation" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2012" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Abdallah S Daar", + "Robin Lennox", + "Obidimma C Ezezika" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "South Africa" + ], + "Document ID": "1211-EZEZI-ZAF-pr", + "Document Title": "Strategies for building trust with farmers: the case of Bt maize in South Africa", + "Document Summary": "The objective of this case study was to understand the role of trust in the public-private partnership (PPP) arrangement involved in the development of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) maize in South Africa. The authors conducted semi-structured, face-to-face interviews to obtain stakeholders’ understanding of trust in general as well as in the context of agricultural biotechnology (agbiotech) PPPs. A thematic analysis of the interview transcripts, documents, reports and research articles was conducted to generate insights into the\nchallenges to, and practices for, building trust among the partners and with the public.", + "Key Findings": "The findings of this study are organized into four main lessons on trust building. First, as the end users of GM technology, farmers must be engaged from the start of the project through field demonstrations and educational activities. Second, an effective technology (i.e., the seed) is key to the success of an agbiotech PPP. Third, open communication and full disclosure between private sector companies and government regulatory bodies will build trust and facilitate the regulatory processes. Fourth, enforcing good agronomic practices, including appropriate management of the refuge areas, will serve the interests of both the farmers and the seed companies.", + "Key Recommendations": "Trust has proven to be a critical factor determining the success of the Bt maize project in South Africa. Distrust of the private sector and of GM technology were cited as major barriers to building trust. The trust-building practices described in this case study have often served to overcome these barriers; however, erosion of trust was also present. The success of the project has been, and will continue to be, dependent upon the concerted effort of the farmers, government, and private sector players in the establishment and maintenance of trust.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://agricultureandfoodsecurity.biomedcentral.com/track/pdf/10.1186/2048-7010-1-S1-S3.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, and Hunting", + "Biotechnology" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "AfricaBio" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities", + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments", + "Reputation and Credible Convening Power" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment", + "Advancing Learning and Market Research;", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Agriculture & Food Security" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Agriculture and Food Security" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Micro, Small, or Medium Enterprise" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2012" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Obidimma C Ezezika", + "Justin Mabeya" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Kenya" + ], + "Document ID": "1211-MABEY-KEN-pr", + "Document Title": "Unfulfilled farmer expectations: the case of the Insect Resistant Maize for Africa (IMRA) project in Kenya", + "Document Summary": "This case study focuses on integrating Insect Resistant Maize For Africa(IRMA) in Kenya. Building trust is the most important component to integrating IRMA, since there is a distrust between farmers and the private sector. Four recommendations for success have been identified: \"deliver intended products to end users, have full and honest disclosure of information by partners when entering into project agreements, engage stakeholders and create awareness immediately at project’s inception, and have public sector goodwill combined with private sector technology and skills are necessary for successful partnership.\"", + "Key Findings": "Clear and continued communication with stakeholders is of paramount importance to building trust, especially regarding competition among partners about project management positions; a lack of clarity on\nownership of intellectual property rights (IPRs); and the influence of anti-genetic modification (GM) organizations. Awareness creation about IRMA’s anticipated products raised the end users’ expectations, which were unfulfilled due to failure to deliver Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt)-based products, thereby leading to diminished trust between the\nproject and the community.", + "Key Recommendations": "Four key issues have been identified from the results of the study. First, the inability to deliver the intended products to the end user diminished stakeholders’ trust and interest in the project. Second, full and\nhonest disclosure of information by partners when entering into project agreements is crucial to ensuring progress in a project. Third, engaging stakeholders and creating awareness immediately at the project’s inception contributes to trust building. Fourth, public sector goodwill combined with private sector technology and skills are necessary for a successful partnership. These findings may serve as a useful guide for building and fostering trust among partners in other agbiotech PPPs in sub-Saharan Africa.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://agricultureandfoodsecurity.biomedcentral.com/track/pdf/10.1186/2048-7010-1-S1-S6.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, and Hunting", + "Biotechnology" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Reputation and Credible Convening Power", + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Agriculture and Food Security" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Agriculture and Food Security" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Micro, Small, or Medium Enterprise", + "Local Business" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2012" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Olabisi Delebayo Akinkugbe" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Regional" + ], + "Document ID": "1300-Akink-MLT-pr", + "Document Title": "The Dilemma of Public–Private Partnerships as a Vehicle for the Provision of Regional Transport Infrastructure Development in Africa", + "Document Summary": "This article explores the dilemma associated with the adoption of Public-Private Partnerships (“PPP”) as a mechanism for the provision of regional transport infrastructure in Africa. While sourcing infrastructure provision through the PPP the mechanism has significant advantages, it is however also embedded with a complex financial, contractual, and legal process. First, it explores the theoretical assumptions that inform PPP based on ideologies within law and development debates. It argues that theoretically, PPPs are reflective of the neoliberal policy set. Against the trajectory of governance in Africa, it critically foregrounds insights that are derivable from an application of Path Dependency theory to the institutional change which comes with the planned adoption of PPP at the regional level. These insights are essential considerations for policy experts to bear in mind both while designing the regional institutional framework for PPP and during the implementation stage. Secondly, although most of the past initiatives for the provision of regional infrastructure have fallen short of their flamboyant development policy goals, the article argues that the recently initiated Program for Infrastructure Development in Africa (“PIDA”) provides new hope for the future of infrastructure development in the continent. The article contends that PIDA offers a legitimate platform that with the requisite support of the regional economic initiatives can generate the enabling environment for the implementation of successful regional PPP infrastructure projects.", + "Key Findings": "The point that this article advances is that in the design process, sufficient attention must be given to the local peculiarities of African society in introducing PPP for regional projects as envisaged. In particular, factors such as political, economic, financial, social/cultural, environmental, technical, and geographic have a significant role to play in the institutional design and coordination of the PPP scheme. ", + "Key Recommendations": "To realize the maximum regional benefits from PIDA’s drive for regional infrastructure development, the continental and regional effort must necessarily be complemented with positive responses from the national governments to ensure that there are adequate linkage roads between the remote areas and the industrialized cities where much more reliable network of roads linking other countries are being proposed.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://doi.org/10.1515/ldr-2013-0018 ", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Transportation and Warehousing", + "Engineering & Construction" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments", + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;", + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Law and Development Review" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "Peer-reviewed article or other research report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "For-profit Commercial Entity", + "Financial Institution, Investors, and Intermediaries", + "Multi-national Business", + "Large Enterprise", + "Formal Sector", + "Regional Business" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2013" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Jessica Anderson" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Armenia", + "Georgia", + "Kenya", + "Rwanda", + "Yemen" + ], + "Document ID": "1300-ANDER-GLO", + "Document Title": "Policy Report on UNHCR's Community Technology Access Program: Best Practices and Lessons Learned ", + "Document Summary": "This report gives an overview of UNHCR’s Community Technology Access (CTA) program, which aims to improve education and livelihood opportunities for displaced populations via technology. The paper analyzes the key findings of a comprehensive external evaluation of the program conducted in 2012. According to the evaluation, the areas of greatest positive impact for people of concern were in the enjoyment of basic rights to freedom of expression and information, in building relationships with the host community, and social networking. However, access to technology alone is not sufficient to achieve the goals of quality education and self-reliance. Therefore, the evaluation recommends developing strategic, contextualized education and livelihood content and tools in order to achieve the desired goals of learning, skills, and access to employment, as well as a reassessment of CTAs’ potential for operational and fiscal autonomy in different countries.", + "Key Findings": "Overall, the evaluation concluded that while UNHCR has been largely successful in providing access to technology through Community Technology Access programs (CTAs), this access alone is not enough to achieve significant improvements in education quality or livelihoods opportunities. Rather, if substantial impact is to be realized in all CTA centres, expertise and strategic planning at various levels are required to ensure that the content of CTA programming fits each specific context and effectively meets the needs of persons of concern. To this end, it is crucial to have continuous “buy-in” at the field level and an experienced implementing partner that can support UNHCR staff in identifying the resources required and available to bridge gaps in targeted content preparation and program delivery, based on market and socio-economic assessments, through local or regional solutions. Nevertheless, the fundamental value of basic IT literacy and access to information and social networking, which is already being provided by CTAs around the world, should not be underestimated. Rather, the concrete recommendations spelled out in this evaluation will only strengthen the ability of UNHCR to build on these accomplishments and to use both new and existing CTAs to their fullest potential in empowering persons of concern. UNHCR’s Livelihoods Unit is currently developing a new CTA strategy, which is still in its early phases. ", + "Key Recommendations": "The evaluation recommends strategic mapping of local labor market and income-generating opportunities and the tailoring of Community Technology Access (CTA) programming to offer the most relevant skills training for each particular situation. Furthermore, greater synergies could be promoted between CTAs both within and across countries. \n\nSome preliminary ideas for change include: virtualizing services (making them available online); alternative approaches for running CTAs (including renting time at existing Internet cafes and/or privatizing centres); building capacity for training course creation at the local level; increasing on-site learning assistance; and engaging with education content marketplaces. This new CTA strategy, along with UNHCR’s increased focus on using innovation and technology to benefit persons of concern, indicate bright prospects for CTAs.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://refuge.journals.yorku.ca/index.php/refuge/article/view/37503", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Technology" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Hewlett Packard Enterprise", + "Microsoft" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Refugee: Canada's Journal on Refugees" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Humanitarian Assistance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Multi-national Business" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2013" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Patricia Ann A Factor", + "Eduardo P. Banzon", + "Josephine Anne C. Lucero", + "Beverly Lorraine C. Ho", + "Maria Elizabeth D. Puyat", + "Emmae June A. Quibod" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Philippines", + "United States", + "India", + "Brazil", + "Australia", + "Costa Rica", + "Cambodia", + "Romania", + "South Africa", + "Kuwait", + "Egypt", + "Netherlands", + "Lesotho", + "Bangladesh", + "United Kingdom", + "Spain" + ], + "Document ID": "1300-Banzo-PHL-pr", + "Document Title": "Public-Private Partnership Options toward Achieving Universal Health Coverage in the Philippine Setting", + "Document Summary": "This paper aims to define what PPPs are, their application in the health sector, and to distinguish them from all other public-private interactions. It presents representative case studies or models of PPP practices in health. Furthermore, it aims to provide decision-makers and stakeholders with a methodology for developing health PPPs. Specifically, the study discusses the rationale of health PPPs, defines PPPs in health, differentiates PPPs from other public-private interactions, provides representative case studies of PPP options in health, and proposes mechanisms for approaching PPP development in health at various levels of care. In the paper, public-private investment partnerships (PPIPs) have been described as health-related PPPs that are potentially transformative for underperforming government-run health systems. These comprise long-term, highly structured relationships between the public and private sectors designed to achieve significant and sustainable improvements to healthcare systems at national or subnational levels. They expressly address public policy objective/s and usually follow the Design-Build-Operate-Deliver model.", + "Key Findings": "This article describes that PPIPs provide a concrete option for achieving universal health coverage. Their integrated approach works within the healthcare delivery system, improving overall efficiency instead of simply bridging gaps. Such an approach further brings about private sector participation and accountability under the usual PPIP’s Design-Build-Operate-Deliver model with risk transfer to the private sector. The presence of robust government reviews and independent monitoring is ensured because ownership of assets remains with the government during the life of the PPIP. The PPIPs aim for system-wide efficiency gains and the delivery of integrated clinical and nonclinical services without putting the patient at risk of financial hardship while providing predictable costs to the government. If adequately implemented, PPIPs may responsively address the three dimensions of universal health coverage (population coverage, quality service coverage, and financial risk protection).", + "Key Recommendations": "There are certain elements that must be present for a PPP to thrive in:\n\n A comprehensive health plan should clarify the role of PPPs in the health system and in attaining universal health coverage. \n\n A legal framework is necessary to protect the interests of both the public and private sector and to make them liable if the objective of the PPP is not attained. Policies should be in place to serve as guidelines on how to go about the partnership, ensuring that there is enough incentive for private investors.\n\n A regulatory framework—specifically a controlling body—is essential to keep track of projects, to police partners, and to assist in technical aspects of the partnership, among others.\n\nBoth public and private sectors must be ready and willing to enter into the partnership. This means that the public sector must have the capacity to handle the technical requirements of the project, including regulation and enforcement, and the private sector is able to meet the quality standards required to achieve better health outcomes. ", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.econstor.eu/bitstream/10419/127010/1/pidsdps1448.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Health Care", + "Technology", + "Engineering & Construction", + "Business Services", + "Financial Services" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Ribera Salud", + "Netcare Hospitals", + "Turner and Townsend", + "RPP Lesotho", + "Tšepong Ltd", + "UTE-Ribera", + "Dragados, Lubasa" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Philippine Journal of Development" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Health" + ], + "Type of Document": "Peer-reviewed article or other research report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Financial Institution, Investors, and Intermediaries", + "Local Business", + "Multi-national Business" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Asia", + "Europe and Eurasia", + "Latin America and the Carribean", + "Middle East", + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2013" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Makerere University", + "Columbia University" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Uganda" + ], + "Document ID": "1300-Colum-UGA", + "Document Title": "Key findings from Columbia University’s evaluation of Saving Mothers, Giving Life In Uganda", + "Document Summary": "Saving Mothers, Giving Life (SMGL) is a public-private partnership aimed at reducing maternal mortality by 50% and showing that investments in demand creation and health facility improvements can improve maternal survival. The program was implemented in four districts in Uganda and Zambia in 2012. This external evaluation of SMGL was conducted between November 2012 and August 2013 to assess the reach, extent, fidelity, and dynamic effects of SMGL in order to identify best practices and remaining barriers to reducing maternal mortality in Uganda and Zambia, and to inform future efforts of SMGL. We also examined the functioning of the SMGL partnership and engagement of various stakeholders.", + "Key Findings": "The document evaluates the performance of Saving Mothers, Giving Life (SMGL), a public-private partnership aimed at reducing maternal mortality. It finds that SMGL raised awareness of maternal mortality in the focus districts, had a positive spillover on the broader health system and women felt social pressure to deliver in facilities.", + "Key Recommendations": "Following recommendations are made for SMGL:\n1. Commit to five years plan with a clear transition plan.\n2. Think in terms of health system packages and not isolated interventions.\n3. Training is not enough, there is a need to consider other cost-effective models for improving care quality.\n4. Focus on \"last mile\" women, who live in rural areas too far to reach the facilities.\n5. Clarify the SMGL governance structure, globally and in host countries.\n6. Test future intervention packages using rigorous evaluation methods.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PBAAF150.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Health Care" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Saving Mothers, Giving Life (SMGL)" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Ability to Influence Policy" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;", + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Columbia University", + "Makerere University" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Health" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Regional Business" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2013" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "University of Zambia", + "Columbia University" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Zambia" + ], + "Document ID": "1300-Colum-ZMB", + "Document Title": "Key findings from Columbia University’s evaluation of Saving Mothers, Giving Life In Zambia", + "Document Summary": "Saving Mothers, Giving Life (SMGL) is a public-private partnership aimed at reducing maternal mortality by 50% and showing that investments in demand creation and health facility improvements can improve maternal survival. The program was implemented in four districts in Zambia and Uganda in 2012. This external evaluation of SMGL was conducted between November 2012 and August 2013 to assess the reach, extent, fidelity, and dynamic effects of SMGL in order to identify best practices and remaining barriers to reducing maternal mortality in Uganda and Zambia, and to inform future efforts of SMGL. We also examined the functioning of the SMGL partnership and engagement of various stakeholders.", + "Key Findings": "For doses, SMGL implemented many activities in year 1, including the following:\n\n• 1,548 individuals trained as safe mother action group (SMAG)members\n• 236,483 birth plans distributed\n• 93 Change Champions trained\n• 2,027 Mama Packs (containing cloth diapers, diaper fasteners,\ntraditional chitenge cloth, laundry bars, bath soap, and baby hat)\ndistributed to women at facility delivery\n• 94 facilities upgraded to BEmONC capacity (some still unable to\nperform vacuum assisted deliveries)\n• 199 health workers trained in EmONC\n• 256 health workers trained in SmartCare\n\nIn terms of reach, for the intervention districts, nearly 90% of women who delivered at facilities had heard of SMGL, mostly from radio broadcasts and health providers. Almost 70% of women in SMGL districts used at least one intervention, with 25% reporting the use of transport vouchers. Providers in SMGL districts were twice as likely to have received obstetric training during the past year compared to those in non-SMGL districts.\n\nThere were also outlying dynamic effects: SMGL raised awareness of maternal mortality within and beyond focus districts. While it also had mostly positive “spillover” effects on the broader\nhealth system (e.g., service delivery, medicine procurement,\ninformation systems). Women in the community were enthusiastic about SMGL—specifically the work of the SMAGs. Most women who delivered at home said they did so due to\nthe sudden onset of labor, lack of transportation, and concerns\nabout disrespectful treatment. Women also reported social pressure to deliver in facilities; some who delivered at home felt stigmatized. Lastly Women and local leaders confirmed that those who delivered at home were made to pay penalties in many villages.", + "Key Recommendations": "1. Commit to five years – with a clear transition plan: SMGL partners should make minimum commitments of five years to enable appropriate planning, engagement of local ministries, sequencing of interventions, and planning for sustainability.\n2. Think in terms of health system packages and not isolated\ninterventions: Investments in surgically-equipped facilities, medicine supply chains, health workers, and clinical skill acquisition are mutually- reinforcing and essential for creating a culture of competence necessary for high quality care.\n3. Training is not enough – consider other cost-effective models\nfor improving care quality: Trainings were the most rapidly and extensively implemented activities of SMGL.\n4. Focus on “last mile” women: Even with expansion of obstetric\nfacilities and transport solutions, many women in rural areas will live too far to reach facilities for delivery.\n5. Clarify the SMGL governance structure – globally and in host countries: At the global level, the SMGL Leadership Council should define a governance structure with clear roles and responsibilities for funding and implementation.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PBAAF151.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Health Care" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Saving Mothers, Giving Life (SMGL)" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Columbia University", + "University of Zambia" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Health" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Regional Business" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2013" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Creative Associates International" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Egypt" + ], + "Document ID": "1300-Creat-EGY", + "Document Title": "Egypt Technology for Improved Learning Outcomes (TILO) Project: Final Monitoring and Evaluation Report", + "Document Summary": "This document is a performance evaluation of the Technology for Improved Learning Outcome (TILO) project in Egypt which has examined 40 performance indicators to assess 11 intended results and 24 sub-results at three levels (Impact, Outcomes, and Outputs). Based on the findings and results, certain conclusions are drawn about the performance of the TILO project. ", + "Key Findings": "This case study finds that In SBR Primary schools and TSS Prep schools, students trained both by “TILO Trained Teachers” and by “TILO Locally Trained teachers” improved significantly in their average midyear marks compared to the baseline. The academic performance of TILO students in both SBR Primary and TSS Prep schools showed significant improvement over the intervention as measured by their average mid-year marks. Furthermore, both schools and Idaras significantly increased their use of technology for making data-driven decisions and both teachers’ and students’ perceptions of technology use in the classroom improved significantly over the TILO project.\n\nLastly, while technology was certainly useful to teachers in their teaching, it was clear from the results that the teachers were able to use the technology in appropriate ways because they had first been trained on how to teach well.", + "Key Recommendations": "Replicate the Student Marks Study in 2014 and 2015 in TILO schools which have not received further interventions in order to see if the impact of the TILO activities have been sustained.\nInclude other relevant stakeholders (such as Idara and Muderiya education officers as well as school principals) in interventions involving training of teachers. This makes a big difference in terms of securing their buy-in and engagement during the intervention, as well as their interest in and ability to continue supporting the initiatives after the end of the project.\nConsider ways to decentralize decision-making about the allocation of financial and technology resources to ensure the sustainability of TILO interventions.\nUse a phased approach to implementing interventions so that adjustments can be made to address any problems identified in a pilot before the model is rolled out widely.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00JRVT.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Technology", + "Media", + "Food & Beverage", + "Educational Services", + "Financial Services", + "Energy", + "Business Services" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "PalTech", + "Seward Inc.", + "Intel", + "Microsoft", + "Oracle", + "IBM", + "The Discovery Channel", + "Coca Cola Africa", + "OrchTech", + "Houghton Mifflin Harcourt", + "HP", + "RWE", + "HSBC", + "ExXon Mobil" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;", + "Advancing Learning and Market Research;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Youth" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Education and Social Services" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "For-profit approach that generates sustainable income", + "Multi-national Business", + "Formal Sector", + "Large Enterprise", + "American Business", + "Financial Institution, Investors, and Intermediaries", + "Corporate Foundation", + "Regional Business", + "Micro, Small, or Medium Enterprise" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Middle East" + ] + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Jenna P. Stites", + "Barbara Gray" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "1300-GRAY-GLO", + "Document Title": "Sustainability Through Partnerships: Capitalizing on Collaboration", + "Document Summary": "During the last decade, there has been an increasing interest in combining the resources and capabilities of organizations from different sectors to tackle global sustainability challenges. Businesses, governments, civil society groups, and non-governmental organizations have created alliances amongst each other to achieve goals that they are unable to achieve on their own. Concretely, it has become crucial that businesses build partnerships to reduce their environmental footprint, that governments collaborate with others to build sustainable policies, that NGOs contribute to the implementation of initiatives by providing knowledge and resources, and that communities participate in the creation of projects to advance their well-being and growth. \n\nThis systematic review presents a model that describes what the Network for Business Sustainability finds to be the best practices that enable cross-sector stakeholders to advance sustainability through their operations. The analysis is based on a systemic review of 275 publications that describe the processes that multisectoral partnerships have followed to address sustainability challenges. The report examines the variety of multi-sectoral partnerships and describes the typical motivations and contributions of the different stakeholders. Furthermore, the report analyses the intended and actual outcomes of several partnerships and explains how the characteristics of each stakeholder contribute to the success or failure of their partnerships. Finally, the report offers recommendations for businesses, NGOs, communities, and governments to maximize their potential and contribute to advancing sustainability. \n \n \n \t\t\nDuring the last decade, there has been an increasing interest in combining the resources and capabilities of organizations from different sectors to tackle global sustainability challenges. Businesses, governments, civil society groups, and non-governmental organizations have created alliances amongst each other to achieve goals that they are unable to achieve on their own. Concretely, it has become crucial that businesses build partnerships to reduce their environmental footprint, that governments collaborate with others to build sustainable policies, that NGOs contribute to the implementation of initiatives by providing knowledge and resources, and that communities participate in the creation of projects to advance their well-being and growth. \n\nDuring the last decade, there has been an increasing interest in combining the resources and capabilities of organizations from different sectors to tackle global sustainability challenges. Businesses, governments, civil society groups, and non-governmental organizations have created alliances amongst each other to achieve goals that they are unable to achieve on their own. Concretely, it has become crucial that businesses build partnerships to reduce their environmental footprint, that governments collaborate with others to build sustainable policies, that NGOs contribute to the implementation of initiatives by providing knowledge and resources, and that communities participate in the creation of projects to advance their well-being and growth. \n\nThis systematic review presents a model that describes what the Network for Business Sustainability finds to be the best practices that enable cross-sector stakeholders to advance sustainability through their operations. The analysis is based on a systemic review of 275 publications that describe the processes that multisectoral partnerships have followed to address sustainability challenges. The report examines the variety of multi-sectoral partnerships and describes the typical motivations and contributions of the different stakeholders. Furthermore, the report analyses the intended and actual outcomes of several partnerships and explains how the characteristics of each stakeholder contribute to the success or failure of their partnerships. Finally, the report offers recommendations for businesses, NGOs, communities, and governments to maximize their potential and contribute to advancing sustainability. Turn on screen reader support\nTo enable screen reader support, press ⌘+Option+Z To learn about keyboard shortcuts, press ⌘slash", + "Key Findings": "Our primary findings include a model of four factors that influence partnership outcomes:\n•\t external drivers\n•\t partner motivations\n•\t partner and partnership characteristics\n•\t process issues", + "Key Recommendations": "For all partners:\n- Adopt a problem-centric rather than a firm-centric model of stakeholders.\n- Frame the partnership as a learning process.\n- Construct fair processes and manage conflicts.\n- Don’t expect to come up with a quick solution.\n- Ensure voice for all participants.\n- Set evaluation criteria.\n- Allow time for representatives’ constituencies to review and ratify agreements.\n- Develop leaders competent in partnership skills.\n\nSpecific recommendations for businesses:\n- Evaluate whether you’ve selected the correct partner.\n- Consult a wide array of stakeholders.\n- Involve reputable stakeholders early.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://nbs.net/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/NBS-Systematic-Review-Partnerships.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, and Hunting", + "Other" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Flexibility and Pace", + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Ability to Influence Policy", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments", + "Reputation and Credible Convening Power", + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships", + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Network for Business Sustainability" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Environment/Climate Change" + ], + "Type of Document": "Systematic review or Meta-analysis", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "For-profit Commercial Entity", + "Financial Institution, Investors, and Intermediaries" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2013" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Deogratias Niyizonkiza", + "Alyssa Yamamoto" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Burundi" + ], + "Document ID": "1300-Niyiz-BDI-pr", + "Document Title": "Grassroots Philanthropy: Fighting the Power Asymmetries of Aid in Rural Burundi", + "Document Summary": "The goal of this paper is to promote a model of reciprocal philanthropy in which those directing philanthropic resources and those benefiting from those resources are deeply enmeshed. The paper argues that grassroots participation and leadership are still rarely encouraged or practiced in philanthropic endeavors. Arguing on the weaknesses of traditional philanthropic mode and public-private partnership, the paper has pointed out the need to shift the partnership paradigm from PPP to social-public-private partnerships as a fundamental need and the urgency to move from an age of government to one of governance, a shift that encourages the engagement and leadership of affected community members.\n\nThe paper has presented a Village Health Work (VHW) as a model of this newly proposed partnership structure where engagement of community members on the ground is significant, donating their land, labor, and time to enact social change regardless of the government's support. The local community continues to stand at the helm of VHW's program implementation and management. They have become VHW’s most knowledgeable development experts. Today, VHW has cultivated a truly social-public-private partnership. Burundi's president, Pierre Nkurunziza, publicly announced that \"of all the public and private sector organizations and programs in the country, VHW is the best of all.\" ", + "Key Findings": "Combined with the support of private sector actors, who have provided medical donations and in-kind donations as physicians, teachers, lawyers, and agronomists, VHW has cultivated a social-public-private partnership with the social sphere intentionally at the forefront. Social-public-private partnerships can organically provide a secure and predictable environment that clarifies power relationships within the village, between villages, and towards local and central government bodies. ", + "Key Recommendations": "Accordingly, social-public-private partnerships are an urgently needed expansion of existing PPPs. As such, it is critical that the community members intended to benefit from these partnerships are continually encouraged to serve at the forefront of decision-making processes. VHW proactively makes room for grassroots philanthropists. This paper finally, advocates for social-public-private partnerships that promote grassroots leadership. Only when the international aid community moves beyond the mere rhetoric of partnership and puts in place actual partnerships as vehicles of community-driven development will there be sustainable progress.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://muse.jhu.edu/article/528206/pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Health Care" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Rockefeller Foundation", + "Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Efficiency and Effectiveness", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Reputation and Credible Convening Power", + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Social Research Journal" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Conflict" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Health", + "Agriculture and Food Security", + "Environment/Climate Change", + "Economic Growth", + "Education and Social Services" + ], + "Type of Document": "Peer-reviewed article or other research report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Corporate Foundation", + "American Business", + "Formal Sector" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2013" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Dirk J. Steenbergen" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Indonesia" + ], + "Document ID": "1300-Steen-IDN-pr", + "Document Title": "The Role of Tourism in Addressing Illegal Fishing: The Case of a Dive Operator in Indonesia", + "Document Summary": "This article focuses on the involvement of a new for-profit actor — a private tourism dive operator — in addressing illegal fishing in a small island archipelago in eastern Indonesia, where tackling illegal fishing through traditional state-centered approaches has proven difficult and largely ineffective. The case study demonstrates that the dive operator has been able to employ conventional enforcement methods such as patrolling and the capture of illegal fishers, in combination with alternative approaches to addressing the root causes of illegal fishing. It also explores the relationship of the dive operator with civil society actors, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and various state agencies involved in maritime security and conservation governance in the area. ", + "Key Findings": "With a particular focus on the dive operator’s relationship with government agencies, the case study shows that local governments are collaborating with private actors and providing opportunities for new kinds of enforcement agents since they themselves lack sufficient resources to patrol waters effectively. The dive operator, however, operates only within a space granted by the district government and must invest considerably in this relationship to maintain his position.\n\nFinally, the paper reflects on how the roles assumed by new private actors can change pre-existing structures, perceptions, and partnerships; ultimately forming new political landscapes that host new alliances and address specific negative pressures more acutely. In doing so, the analysis refrains from making normative judgments of the role and relations that have emerged within the political arena concerning illegal fishing. Rather it seeks to use the case study to inform our broader understanding of private sector involvement in security provision, albeit in the context of environmental management.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://doi.org/10.1355/cs35-2c ", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Hospitality/Tourism", + "Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, and Hunting", + "Fast Moving Consumer Goods" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Contemporary Southeast Asia" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Environment/Climate Change", + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "Peer-reviewed article or other research report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Formal Sector", + "For-profit Commercial Entity", + "Local Business", + "Micro, Small, or Medium Enterprise" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Asia" + ], + "Year": "2013" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia Ministry of Health", + "African Leadership for Child Survival" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Congo (Kinshasa)", + "Ethiopia", + "India", + "Nigeria", + "Pakistan" + ], + "Document ID": "1301-Gover-MLT", + "Document Title": "Keep the Promise—Invest in A Child", + "Document Summary": "This report summarizes the meeting outcome of the ‘African Leadership for Child Survival—A Promise Renewed’ Meeting held on January 16-18, 2013, in Addis Ababa. Ministers of Health and experts from across Africa came together with peers and global experts to ensure child survival is at the forefront of the social development agendas across the continent and renew the focus of African leaders to galvanize their own country’s efforts and sustain the gains made over the last two decades. The meeting focused on scientific evidence for high-impact interventions that can accelerate progress shared; progress in achieving national Millennium Development Goals for child survival reviewed; approaches (best practices) for scaling up high-impact interventions for newborn and child health reviewed; and galvanizing momentum for the country led national Child Survival Action Plans.", + "Key Findings": "One of every four babies born is born in Africa with half of these babies are born at home. It is often the poorest mothers who give birth at home where they are alone and without assistance should complications occur. Meanwhile, half of all child deaths occur in Africa; a total of 6.9 million children died globally in 2011 and about half of these deaths are newborn deaths due mainly to preterm delivery, birth complications and newborn infections. There has been rapid socioeconomic development in many countries in the past decade, but stunting has not diminished (especially in sub-Saharan Africa). The study finds that there are three key determinants for stunting: food security, access to health services, and care of the child.", + "Key Recommendations": "To accelerate progress we need targeted and effective implementation of high impact interventions. Dramatic reductions in preventable child deaths can be achieved through concerted action in five critical areas, outlined in the Global Roadmap:\n1. Geography: Increase efforts in the areas where the most deaths occur, prioritizing budgets and committing to action plans to end preventable child deaths.\n2. High Burden Populations: Focus country health systems on scaling-up access for underserved populations, to include rural and low income groups.\n3. High Impact Solutions: Focus on the primary causes of child death.\n4. Gender Equality: Invest beyond health programs to include educating girls and boys, empowering women and men, and inclusive economic growth.\n5. Mutual Accountability and Financing: Unify around a shared goal and common metrics.", + "Internet URL of Document": "http://www.africanstrategies4health.org/uploads/1/3/5/3/13538666/alcs_final_meeting_report.pdf", + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge", + "Reputation and Credible Convening Power" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "African Leadership for Child Survival", + "Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia Ministry of Health" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth", + "Conflict" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Health" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa", + "Afghanistan and Pakistan", + "Asia" + ], + "Year": "2013" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Arvid Kruze", + "Artashes Sargsyan" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Armenia" + ], + "Document ID": "1301-Kruze-ARM", + "Document Title": "Performance Evaluation of the Energy Security and Regional Integration (ESRI) Project", + "Document Summary": "The main purpose of this end-of-project performance evaluation report is to provide USAID/Armenia with an objective analysis of USAID assistance to Armenia’s energy sector under the $5.9 million Energy Security and Regional Integration (ESRI) project, undertaken over the period 2009-2012. This report explores answers to address five Key Questions (KQs) that are; i) Is there evidence that the independent expert services to the Government of Armenia for the new Nuclear Power Plant contributed to procedures and activities implemented in accordance with the western safety and environmental standards in the preparation of documentation for the New Nuclear Power Plant?, ii) Is there evidence that the scenarios of power system integration contributed to an increased understanding of renewable energy development tendencies in the region among the main stakeholders?, iii) Is there evidence that the regional integration task contributed to an increase in regional cooperation with Georgia?, iv) What do stakeholders’ groups see as the results of the project?, and v) How relevant was the intervention in terms of Armenia’s priorities in the energy sector?", + "Key Findings": "The evaluation findings reveal that the process of developing the new NPP was slower than anticipated, but the progress was significant in, i) support provided to the Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources (MOENR) in holding public hearings and in preparing vital documents, ii) support for Armenian Nuclear Regulatory Agency (ANRA) in the development of a safety guide for licensing purposes based on Western standards, as well as provision of safety analysis software and training and iii) development of curricula at two State universities in nuclear engineering and nuclear physics that are currently being adopted. \n\nIt is further highlighted that renewable energy in the technical and economic simulations of power system integration contributed somewhat to an increased understanding of renewable energy development tendencies in the region among the main stakeholders. As a result of the project, agreements have been reached on the parallel operation of the Armenian and Georgian power systems and Armenian-Georgian power exchanges for emergency and unplanned situations. The nuclear and interconnection tasks were perceived as having produced better results by more stakeholders than the renewable energy task. \n\nDespite all the positive changes, the report indicates that the project is somewhat clouded by the long lead time required for development and escalating costs of additional nuclear power, which creates a degree of uncertainty. Given the GOA’s rather inconsistent policy toward renewables, the intervention did not appear to have been so relevant in terms of Armenia’s current energy priorities. ", + "Key Recommendations": "- Continued partnership between US and Armenia government on Armenia's energy sector.\n\n- Develop a least-cost power sector plan for the country.\n\n- Develop and implement a strategy for development of a new nuclear plant.\n\n- Support for developing policies to promote renewable energy technologies.\n\n- Expanding regional trade with Georgia such as signing commercial trading agreements.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00JR2M.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Energy" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Ability to Influence Policy" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Europe and Eurasia" + ], + "Year": "2013" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Sehba Mahmood" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Pakistan" + ], + "Document ID": "1302-Mahmo-PAK-pr", + "Document Title": "Public-Private Partnership in Education: A Ray of Hope for Pakistan", + "Document Summary": "This paper presents a snapshot of public schools located in a low-income area versus, just a few miles away, the elite private schools catering to high-income families in Pakistan. It outlines the quality of educational services and the challenges that the government-run schools, privately owned, and non-profit-run schools are providing and suggests PPP as one of the best approaches to address some of these challenges. The paper argues that poor conditions of public schools are not the characteristics of every public school in Pakistan, but the conditions observed within this school are not uncommon. While in the elite school all the buildings and classes are built and run-on UNESCO specifications. Between the extremes of the public school and the elite school, one can find islands of hope, such as the Aga Khan School, Kharadhar, which runs on a low budget but provides world-class education, this paper evaluates it as an opportunity to make the future of children in Pakistan. ", + "Key Findings": "Specific challenges in the Pakistani education system are wide-ranging, from deficiencies in the physical infrastructure of schools to low rates of school participation, particularly for female, rural, and poor children. A growing private school system is also present in Pakistan forcing a large number of\nparents to make financial sacrifices to send their children to these schools. These schools are of variable quality, from elite schools with internationally recognized standards to more affordable private schools. However, some of the private schools are of dubious quality. \n\nThe paper highlights that even with formidable challenges, PPP can make a positive difference in the educational goals of a country. Public and private sectors alike must be willing and committed to the concept and its implementation. In the case of Pakistan, go-between organizations, such as the Sindh Education Foundation, are useful. The success of PPP in Sindh results from dedicated leadership and staff at SEF, who are working through the difficulties at various levels. The PPP model in Sindh has been a success in increasing enrollment, improving gender parity, and enhancing the quality of education. None of these goals could be achieved by either sector independently. ", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://doi.org/10.1080/00094056.2013.773839", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Educational Services" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Efficiency and Effectiveness", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities", + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Childhood Education" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Youth", + "Conflict" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Education and Social Services" + ], + "Type of Document": "Peer-reviewed article or other research report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Local Business" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Afghanistan and Pakistan" + ], + "Year": "2013" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Jason M. Vogel", + "Joel B. Smith", + "Aaron Ray", + "Phillip E. Brown", + "Jessica Troell" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Philippines" + ], + "Document ID": "1302-Vogel-PHL", + "Document Title": "An Assessment of Water Security, Development, and Climate Change in Iloilo, Philippines, and the Tigum-Aganan Watershed", + "Document Summary": "This case study report provides a synthesis of the issues identified in the field, addresses the Iloilo context to provide background for the reader, defines both current non-climate and climate stressors on Iloilo water resources, and anticipates impacts of climate change on the water sector with special focus on water governance issues. This plays a particularly important role in water security in the Philippines, Metro Iloilo, and the TAW, and lays out some principles of adaptation specific to the metro Iloilo area. Finally, this presents specific actions proposed by the research team to improve water security in Metro Iloilo.", + "Key Findings": "The key to taking action to address climate change in Iloilo is to focus on the primary objectives of stakeholders in the area – promoting tourism, commercial development, and agriculture. The article highlights that resources are extremely limited in Metro Iloilo. Given such resource scarcity, water security strategies for adapting to climate change must provide benefits today as well as under future climate conditions.\n\nAt a minimum, climate change should be integrated into the decision-making process of existing institutions while most actions that can address climate change in Metro Iloilo also address other non-climate stressors and natural climate variability. Many of the existing vulnerabilities of Metro Iloilo require a sustained focus of attention and resources over a period of many years.", + "Key Recommendations": "1. Evaluate Resources: Develop a Long-term Water Security and Climate Change Monitoring Program; Evaluate and Enhance Groundwater for the Metro Iloilo Area\n\n2. Improve Knowledge Management: Enhance Monitoring Network for Supply, Quality, and Flooding; Develop an Information Clearinghouse for All Water-Related Data in Metro Iloilo and the TAW; Develop Capacity for Information-based Management Decisions among Municipal and Provincial Resource Managers", + "Internet URL of Document": "http://www.adaptationlearning.net/sites/default/files/resource-files/An-Assessment-of-Water-Security-Iloilo-Tigum-Aganan-Watershed-report.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Other", + "Telecommunications" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Smart Communications", + "Manila Water Company" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Efficiency and Effectiveness", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities", + "Ability to Influence Policy" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Environment/Climate Change" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Regional Business", + "Large Enterprise", + "For-profit approach that generates sustainable income" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Asia" + ], + "Year": "2013" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Rohan Mohanty", + "Shelagh Whitley" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Germany" + ], + "Document ID": "1302-Whitl-GLO", + "Document Title": "Germany's private climate finance support: Mobilising private sector engagement in climate compatible development ", + "Document Summary": "This paper maps some of the different ways in which German public finance is mobilising private investment in climate-compatible development, and identifies some early emerging trends. It does not comment on the extent to which Germany is meeting its commitments under the UNFCCC. Instead, it highlights some considerations that need to be addressed if developed countries intend to report private finance as part of their overall climate finance commitments over time. While [the authors] have aimed to be comprehensive in our review, this paper is based on desk research and information that is publicly available on activities that mobilise the private sector and support climate-compatible development. This breadth of sources is essential as there is, at present, no formal requirement for developed countries to report climate change related contributions from the private sector. The paper concludes by drawing out lessons from the early mobilisation of German finance that are relevant to climate-compatible development. ", + "Key Findings": "According to the paper, most recipients of Private Climate Finance Support (PCFS) are developed country private sector entities, and the primary providers of finance have a history of working with the private sector. Where information is available on the mix of public and private finance in German interventions, we find that the share of developed country private investment linked to PCFS is, on average, 14% of the German PCFS identified. ", + "Key Recommendations": "Achieving the delicate balance between commercial confidentiality and the disclosure required of public funds is a challenge that all actors deploying PCFS face. Germany may follow the example of countries such as Japan which have already included private finance in their climate finance reporting. ", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.cbd.int/financial/climatechange/germany-privateclimate.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Financial Services" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;", + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment", + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Background Note" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Humanitarian Assistance", + "Environment/Climate Change" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Financial Institution, Investors, and Intermediaries" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Europe and Eurasia" + ], + "Year": "2013" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Margaret E. Kruk", + "Sandro Galea", + "Karen Grepin", + "Miriam Rabkin" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Zambia", + "Uganda" + ], + "Document ID": "1303-SMGL-MLT", + "Document Title": "External Evaluation of Saving Mothers, Giving Life", + "Document Summary": "This report summarizes the progress and lessons learned from the implementation of the Saving Mothers, Giving Life (SMGL) project in Uganda and Zambia during the first six months of the initiative. The report points out the important progress in implementing core SMGL activities in both countries, with a slower start for procurement of transport vehicles and infrastructure improvements. In its six-month inception phase, both countries trained large numbers of community mobilizers to promote facility deliveries and birth planning. Considerable efforts were made to improve the quality of obstetric care in both countries. \n\n", + "Key Findings": "Two key success factors cited by Zambian and Ugandan stakeholders were the strong alignment between SMGL and national health policies and well-functioning national partnerships—between the Ministry of Health, the US Government, and a range of implementing partner organizations—that formed to implement SMGL.\n\nThe report highlights the challenges that the SMGL project encountered and several were related to the short time frame for the first phase. Launching so many activities in a short time required a huge organizational effort and participation of many partners—driving up transaction costs and making coordination difficult. As a result, there was duplication of some activities and delays in funding and logistics that prevented timely delivery of some inputs. ", + "Key Recommendations": "1. Engage communities as change agents\n2. Invest in the health system triad\n3. Expand the focus beyond 24 hours\n4. Develop and test solutions to address the bottlenecks of human resource shortages and transport\n5. Coordinate around a single plan\n6. Commit to five years—with a clear transition plan\n7. Collect (a few) standard measures to optimize implementation\n8. Harness the private sector: Reducing maternal death requires an “all hands on deck” approach. ", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PBAAF148.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Health Care", + "Telecommunications", + "Energy" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Total Gas", + "Warid", + "MTN" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge", + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth", + "Conflict" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Health" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Multi-national Business", + "For-profit approach that generates sustainable income", + "Formal Sector" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2013" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Alberto Abadia", + "Thomas Buck", + "Steve Schmida" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Nicaragua", + "Guatemala", + "Honduras", + "El Salvador" + ], + "Document ID": "1304-Abadi-MLT", + "Document Title": "Strategic Analysis of Supermarket PPPs in Central America", + "Document Summary": "Published by the USAID in 2013, the Strategic Analysis of Supermarket Public Private Partnerships (PPPs) focuses on answering four overarching questions and several sub-questions regarding a wide range of USAID and non-USAID projects that included partnerships with supermarket chains: i) How do USAID-Supermarket Public Private Partnerships (PPPs) in Central America compare and contrast?, ii) What is the ideal model for private partnership with USAID, focusing on partnership elements/structure, and sustainability?, iii) What are the lessons in comparing regional partnerships versus bi-lateral partnerships with an eye toward future partnerships?, and iv) How do Supermarket Public Private Partnerships meet strategic development outcomes & objectives?\n\nThis report concludes with a summary of best practices, lessons learned, and recommendations regarding Supermarket PPPs. The report also includes a partnership ‘typology’ through which to consider partnership development with supermarkets in the region, building on concrete examples of successful (and unsuccessful) partnership elements and models from USAID and non-USAID projects. These conclusions are applicable beyond the realm of food security and beyond Central America.", + "Key Findings": "The paper found that projects need to consider the value chain as a whole, working with middlemen, SME suppliers, processing firms, and a portfolio of different buyers (supermarkets, exporters, processing firms, and local markets). Partnerships, which create significant shared value, are more likely to be sustained than those anchored purely in public relations-driven CSR while partnerships focused on improving farmer production through capacity-building efforts must also be supported by tangible investments. Solutions for financing (for farmers, SMEs, etc.) are available and should be included in partnership development. Lastly, every partnership implementation approach should include a sustainability plan that describes a scenario beyond donor involvement and mechanisms for self-replication.", + "Key Recommendations": "In examining USAID’s experience in developing supermarket partnerships, SSG concludes that the optimal sequence in establishing collaboration should be:\n1. When a public or private actor proposes partnership, determine which local or regional projects would benefit from deeper collaboration with the involved partners, currently or in the future.\n2. Assess the value of pursuing an agreement with the given supermarket chain and decide whether it should be framed at the global, regional, or local level.\n3. Develop a list of objectives for the proposed partnership and discuss it with the partner’s CSR and business-related departments.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PNAED042.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Fast Moving Consumer Goods", + "Retail", + "Other" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Walmart", + "Selectos", + "La Colonia", + "Casa Mantica", + "La Antorcha" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;", + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Multi-national Business", + "For-profit approach that generates sustainable income", + "American Business", + "Regional Business", + "Large Enterprise", + "Micro, Small, or Medium Enterprise", + "Formal Sector" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Latin America and the Carribean" + ], + "Year": "2013" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Joseph M. Anderson", + "Carl Ulbricht" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Armenia" + ], + "Document ID": "1304-Ander-ARM", + "Document Title": "The Way Forward: End of Project Performance Evaluation of the Armenia Pension and Labor Market Reform Project", + "Document Summary": "This project performance evaluation report covers the perception of key stakeholders towards the achievement of the project goal, the contribution that the project made in developing a pension reform legislation, the identification and addressing of contradictory elements, the preparedness of the system to be implemented, the extent that the project contributed to the advancement of the ability of the State Employment Service Agency (SESA) to match labor market demand and to develop/implement active labor market policies, and the adequacy and effectiveness of the project Performance Management Plan (PMP) in reporting on project progress. ", + "Key Findings": "The PALM Project made a significant contribution to the advancement of pension reform in Armenia. Communication among stakeholders regarding PALM management, budget, and priorities was sometimes imperfect, leading to increased transaction costs and frustration. To address this challenge, the report suggests that the USAID staff and implementation partners should re-double efforts toward clear communication with counterparts at every level from the outset of any future project in the pension area concerning the purpose and mandate of the project, the priorities, and the constraints that exist in terms of budget and other resources, laws, rules, and regulations. The contribution of the PALM Project to the development of pension legislation was significant. The legal basis for each of the four pillars of the proposed pension system was established, and most required regulations were drafted. \n\nWhile the senior staff of SESA had a positive view of the PALM Project and USAID support, they expressed frustration with that the PALM Project as well. This was an area in which improved communication about the mandate, role, funding, and capacity of USAID and PALM might have been helpful.", + "Key Recommendations": "1. USAID staff and implementation partners should re-double efforts toward clear communication with counterparts at every level from the outset of any future project in the pension area concerning the purpose and mandate of the project, the priorities, and the constraints that exist in terms of budget and other resources, laws, rules and regulations.\n2. The follow-on pension reform project should have a strong, national, and full-time pension legislation expert.\n3. USAID should work with MLSI to help develop staff below the senior level to serve as active counterparts to the follow-on pension reform project, including a skilled pension modeling expert.\n4. If, in the future, USAID determines that it should develop significant labor market or employment programs in Armenia, an evaluation component should be built into the projects from the beginning, including the collection of relevant data before the beginning and as the project is being implemented.\n5. Care should be taken in developing the SOW for future USAID projects to identify linkages between results and expected outcomes in as concrete a way as possible and provide some guidance concerning how the contractor and the USAID mission at the outset of the project may be able to develop measures of accomplishment.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00JR2V.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Technology" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Union of Information and Technology Enterprises (UITE)" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Flexibility and Pace", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Economic Growth", + "Education and Social Services" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Business Association or Cooperative", + "Regional Business" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Europe and Eurasia" + ], + "Year": "2013" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "World Food Regulation Review" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Regional", + "Singapore" + ], + "Document ID": "1304-World-MLT-pr", + "Document Title": "Private Sector Engagement with ASEAN is Key to AEC Success", + "Document Summary": "Latin America: Nutrition and Health Claims Workshop for Functional Food Companies is a summary of the workshop report published by the World Food Regulation Review (WFRR). The report highlights that the workshop is intended to help functional food companies successfully navigate Latin America’s nutrition and health claims regulations. The workshop highlights regulatory trends in nutrition and health claims across Latin America. It focuses on the key elements companies must be aware of when planning region-wide marketing strategies to access the top emerging markets in the region. As a part of this process, the report briefly discusses the agreement that Canada and Costa Rica Signed for the Organic Food Arrangement, which the report considers as an outcome of an extensive analysis of both countries’ production and certification systems. ", + "Key Findings": "Private sector participation in the ASEAN Economic Community integration process will help ensure the development of regulatory frameworks on par with international practices, EAS Strategic Advice Managing Director, Pushpanathan Sundram, said April 19. Speaking in Singapore at the launch of new food industry association, the ASEAN Food and Beverage Alliance (AFBA), Mr Sundram said that the organisation has the potential to play a key role in harmonisation of food policies and standards in ASEAN that enhance the trade of safe, high quality food. The AFBA launch was attended by senior ASEAN officials and leading experts from the region's food and beverage industry.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.foodingredientsfirst.com/news/private-sector-engagement-with-asean-is-key-to-aec-success.html", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Food & Beverage", + "Fast Moving Consumer Goods" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments", + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "World Food Regulation Review" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Agriculture and Food Security" + ], + "Type of Document": "Peer-reviewed article or other research report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Micro, Small, or Medium Enterprise" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Asia" + ], + "Year": "2013" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Iain McLellan", + "Ilmi Awaleh Elabeh" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Djibouti" + ], + "Document ID": "1305-McLel-DJI", + "Document Title": "Project AIDE Performance Evaluation 2009-2013", + "Document Summary": "The project AIDE Performance Evaluation 2009-2013 is a project evaluation report produced and published by USAID in 2013. The report presents the overall performance of the AIDE project against the set project goal, objectives, and result indicators. Finally, it offers recommendations based on findings from the evaluation. ", + "Key Findings": "Following the description in the report, the project seemed to respond well to the challenge of the diversity of its components. The project showed resilience in keeping staff and not losing too much momentum considering the closing of the Academy for Educational Development and the takeover of its projects by Family Health International, FHI360. Greater collaboration between the USAID/Djibouti education and economic development offices could have potentially allowed for greater resources and technical expertise to be provided to this component. The impact of project interventions remains fragile, especially in rural schools, where interventions requiring parental participation need to be systematized, intensified, prolonged, and better coordinated with the work of school performance inspectors and school directors. The most significant impact of the project is having supported the development of a role and the furnishing of a physical space for parent participation in the management of schools. Even if some parents are less equipped than others to implement their end of the parent-teacher relationship bargain, it is clear that the project AIDE has helped to instill the participatory parent mentality among the communities in which it has been implemented. USAID/Djibouti’s support of Project AIDE to promote community involvement in schools, through the broadcasting of roundtable discussions on television has had a positive impact on communities’ perceptions of the value of parent participation. The pilot project, like the school-based training, has been developed and can be replicated in all regions and the capital now. The speed of implementation varied depending on the project component. Great progress has been made in maintaining the results of Djibouti’s efforts to dramatically increase the percentage of girls attending school.", + "Key Recommendations": "Based on the findings above, the report recommends preparing the project AIDE close-out plan. This includes the development of case studies highlighting its successes, recommendations for making links with other donors who may be interested in continuing support for different components, and recommendations to the MENFOP on areas where they can take over ownership of key components parts. Any future programming plans for sustaining interventions at the regional level should be built in from the start and include a role for the Ministry of National Education and Professional Training (MENFOP) at the central level to prepare it for post-project continuation. Future project designs should include content that ensures that MENFOP policy, regulations, and institutional structures are well understood by the implementer, and will contribute measurably to the achievement of project goals. Any future follow-up project should have a more predominant Monitoring and Evaluation component included in the RFA. Community participation in the maintenance and support of schools’ goals and interests could be dynamized and rendered sustainable through the inclusion of a community resource or liaison person. ", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PDACY251.pdf", + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Reputation and Credible Convening Power" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Education and Social Services", + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2013" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Ross Baird", + "Lily Bowles", + "Saurabh Lall" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "1306-Baird-GLO", + "Document Title": "Bridging the “Pioneer Gap”: The Role of Accelerators in Launching High-Impact Enterprises", + "Document Summary": "Bridging the “Pioneer Gap”: The Role of Accelerators in Launching High-Impact Enterprises is the first quantitative assessment report of its kind and represents the first quantitative assessment of the impact accelerator landscape with data from 52 organizations globally. This was collected by ANDE and Village Capital between November 2012 and February 2013. This study identified several key variables that are related to the success and failure of accelerators, as well as several key gaps that may be holding back accelerator success. It has outlined key findings below and provides recommendations in light of these findings.", + "Key Findings": "The report's findings are summarized as follows: \n\n• The Landscape of Accelerators: While nearly 75% of all accelerators in our sample rely on some level of philanthropic support, about one-third are structured as for-profits, suggesting that they expect to develop sustainable revenue streams in the future. \n\n• Enterprise Pipeline and Selection: Employment, economic development, health, clean energy, and agriculture are the most common impact areas that accelerators focus on. \n\n• Services and Benefits: The majority of accelerators provide the same set of core services – mentorship, access to investors, networks of partners, and business skills development. \n\n• Accelerator Networks: Accelerators also seek to develop formal partnerships with a range of different types of organizations, including impact investors, commercial investors, foundations,\ngovernments, and universities. \n\n• Metrics and Evaluation: While the majority of accelerators collect financial data, almost one-third do not collect any social performance data. \n\n• Measuring Accelerator Performance: We found that selectivity and partnerships with in-country commercial investors are associated with higher accelerator performance. ", + "Key Recommendations": "• Invest in platforms and systems to encourage and enable quality data collection from the enterprises you support,\n• Collect data from all enterprises that apply to your programs, even the ones that are not accepted or do not receive services, to more comprehensively assess performance against a control group.\n• Collect data from participating enterprises for at least five years post-graduation to track progress and growth over the medium to long-term. \n• Partner with academic institutions and industry associations to develop stronger data collection systems.\n• Strengthen your processes for searching and sourcing ventures for your programs. ", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://assets.aspeninstitute.org/content/uploads/files/content/docs/ande/Bridging%20the%20Pioneer%20Gap%20The%20Role%20of%20Accelerators%20in%20Launching%20High%20Impact%20Enterprises%20.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Business Services", + "Financial Services", + "Technology", + "Educational Services", + "Telecommunications" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Pearson Affordable Learning Fund", + "Samsung", + "Nokia", + "Google" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Aspen Network of Development Entrepreneurs (ANDE)", + "Village Capital" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "For-profit approach that generates sustainable income", + "Multi-national Business", + "Corporate Foundation", + "Formal Sector", + "Large Enterprise", + "American Business", + "Financial Institution, Investors, and Intermediaries" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2013" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Ellen Lynch", + "Pham Huy Tuan Kiet" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Vietnam" + ], + "Document ID": "1306-Lynch-VNM", + "Document Title": "Disability Projects Review Assessment and Analysis Report", + "Document Summary": "This report looks at disabilities holistically, reviews the legal framework and the progress of implementation to identify gaps, and suggests opportunities for future investment both geographically and programmatically. The assessment provides a snapshot of what is happening now in Vietnam’s disability sector. The report attempts to solicit information regarding the current status of disability policy and services to identify successes, challenges, and opportunities. Additionally, the report examines the available data on disability prevalence presented in the 2009 Vietnam Population and Housing Census, the level of public service delivery in the provinces as reported in the Vietnam Provincial Government Public Administration Performance Index (PAPI) 2012, the poverty rate in the provinces based on data in the World Bank 2012 Vietnam Poverty Assessment, and gives recommendations from the three key ministries to help inform the strategic analysis for the possible geographic concentration of United States Government (USG) future investment in disability. ", + "Key Findings": "Overall, the assessment found that the coordination enhancement, both within and between key ministries (Ministry of Health (MOH), Ministry of Education and Training (MOET), Ministry of Labor, Invalids and Social Affairs (MOLISA)), to better clarify the roles and responsibilities of each ministry and at the various levels of implementation to reduce overlap and improve the effective use of limited resources. Human capacity building in leadership, organizational development, and finance at all levels and across all sectors is needed and was requested by ministries, steering committees, institutions, universities, NGOs, and Disabled People’s Organizations (DPOs). The recently granted legal status and recognition of DPOs present an opportunity to improve the involvement of PWD in advocating for resources and full inclusion in society. Equitable access to services and opportunities continues to be a challenge despite improved laws and policies. Beyond the central level, many people are unaware of the Law on Persons with Disabilities and how it should be implemented. In addition, there is also a lack of enforcement leading to inequitable access to public buildings (schools, health centers, hospitals, government buildings, etc.) and transportation making many services unavailable to PWD. ", + "Key Recommendations": " The soon to be issued Inclusive Education 2015 from MOET requires technical assistance at many levels if it is to be successful.\n Decrease any duplication of efforts with social work training by creating opportunities for collaboration between VNAH and San Jose University/CISCO projects.\n Strengthen NCCD’s coordination role and advocate for its elevation to the national committee.\n Strengthen MOLISA’s ability to enforce the disability law and policies.\n The departure of Atlantic Philanthropies by 2015 will present a gap in support to mental health.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://2012-2017.usaid.gov/sites/default/files/documents/1861/Final_Disability_Assessment_and_Analysis_7-20-13_FINAL.pdf", + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Education and Social Services", + "Health", + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "Impact Evaluation Report", + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Asia" + ], + "Year": "2013" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Taroub Harb Faramand", + "Zuki Mihyo", + "Mangi Ezekiel" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Tanzania" + ], + "Document ID": "1307-Faram-TZA", + "Document Title": "USAID/Tanzania: Channelling Men's Positive Involvement in a National HIV Response Project (CHAMPION): End of Project Evaluation", + "Document Summary": "This is an end-of-project evaluation report for the USAID/Tanzania: CHAMPION- Channeling men’s positive involvement in a national HIV response project. This report assesses the project’s success, effectiveness, relevance, challenges, and lessons learned, which is considered as a guiding document for USAID/ Tanzania to evaluate the project performance. ", + "Key Findings": "This evaluation suggests that objectives of the CHAMPION project were too ambitious. Behavior change, especially gender transformation, takes time, continued funding, and intensive commitment from national organizations and donors. CHAMPION worked diligently to achieve its goal of promoting national dialogue on men’s roles to increase gender equity and reduce vulnerability to HIV and other adverse RH outcomes. Its five objectives were to reduce partner and high-risk behaviors, promote fidelity, create an enabling environment for gender-equitable norms, reduce GBV, and\nencourage men to seek clinical health services, and ultimately prevent HIV.", + "Key Recommendations": "Based on these findings, the report suggests that the ecological model implemented by the CHAMPION project must be adapted and tested in new projects to demonstrate its efficacy and value. CHAMPION should analyze and use findings to strengthen programming and share the data and analysis to build a robust knowledge base. The target population should be expanded to children and youth as well as to formalize the engagement of leaders of religious and community organizations, local government, and traditional organizations. CHAMPION’s reach should be expanded to rural areas, and institutionalization of gender equity and male involvement messages is essential and should have high priority in future undertakings. ", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/pa00jvk9.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Financial Services", + "Processing & Manufacturing" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Health" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2013" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Dirk Horemans", + "Laura Slobey", + "Sovannarith Sok", + "Kristina Gryboski", + "Elisa Ballard", + "Mary Ann Evangelista" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Cambodia" + ], + "Document ID": "1307-Horem-KHM", + "Document Title": "Final Performance Evaluation of the Reproductive Maternal Newborn Child Health /Health Systems Strengthening Program 2008 - 2013", + "Document Summary": "Produced at the request of the United States Agency for International Development, this report is a Final Performance Evaluation report of the Reproductive Maternal Newborn Child Health /Health Systems Strengthening Program 2008 – 2013 USAID – CAMBODIA. The report highlights that the increase in uptake of long-term family planning (LT FP) methods in the areas with Maries Stopes International Cambodia and Referral Hospital Antenatal Care (RHAC) LT/PM FP voucher schemes seems to be significant. It is likely that increased awareness and the free access created by these voucher schemes have contributed significantly to reducing previously identified barriers. The time frame and data available did not allow a proper impact, effectiveness, or efficiency evaluation. Both schemes, although with a similar goal, have different promotion strategies, distribution mechanisms, price structures, monitoring mechanisms, etc. A combined evaluation of both projects would allow for some level of impact measurement, as well as sharing the many lessons learned, without necessarily having to lead to standardized approaches. As the LT/PM, the FP voucher scheme is mainly aimed at increasing awareness and sustainability is less of an issue once broad awareness is created. To ensure accessibility in the future, Health Equity Fund could later take over the financing responsibility for these services, at least for the poor.", + "Key Findings": "Three goals were achieved between 2005 and 2010: (i) maternal mortality rate decreased by 56% (ii) under-five mortality rate decreased by 35% and (iii) use of modern contraceptive rate increased by 22%. Prevalence of TB declined in line with USAID Health program. Other programs targeting malnutrition and health coverage were also successful while family planning services have improved more needs to be done if Cambodia hopes to achieve MDG goals.", + "Key Recommendations": "Increasingly link EmONC training and supervision activities to measurable health outcomes such as safe deliveries, low/ no bleeding complications, babies with better APGAR scores, low/ no postpartum infections, etc.\n\nAdvocate to the MOH, using the good lessons of the Implementing partners in providing training, to issue appropriate policies and/or guidelines that will transition RMNCH training activities from the usual classroom training modes to “training packages” that utilize simulation models, case practices and include continuing post-training coaching as well as provision of critical supplies and equipment necessary for the application of new skills acquired.\n\nConduct systematic FGDs on why women do not routinely go for PNC to better plan for reasonable actions to address this issue.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00JTWK.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Health Care", + "Business Services" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "University Research Corporation (URC)" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships", + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment", + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth", + "Conflict" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Health" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "For-profit approach that generates sustainable income", + "Multi-national Business", + "American Business", + "Formal Sector", + "Local Business", + "Micro, Small, or Medium Enterprise" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Asia" + ], + "Year": "2013" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Ruth Kornfield", + "Ann von Briesen Lewis", + "Hubert Ibi", + "Fidèle Mbadu" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Congo (Kinshasa)" + ], + "Document ID": "1307-Kornf-COD", + "Document Title": "USAID/Democratic Republic of the Congo: Integrated HIV/AIDS Program (ProVIC): Final Evaluation", + "Document Summary": "Produced and published at the request of the United States Agency for International Development in July 2013, this report is a final evaluation of the Integrated HIV/AIDs Program (ProVIC) for USAID/Democratic Republic of the Congo. The report determines the effectiveness of the ProVIC program and, in particular, the Champion Community (CC) implementation strategy and also makes recommendations for future community mobilization programming, with an emphasis on Orphans and Vulnerable Children (OVC).", + "Key Findings": "The CC approach was intended to mobilize communities to address their HIV/AIDS problems, but in practice, it was a program run by NGOs, and a steering committee with volunteer outreach workers that were highly dependent on the NGOs for their activities. The key approach of involving significant numbers of the population in the community to address their HIV/AIDS problem did not appear to work. However, the steering committee through volunteer outreach, workers did contribute to increasing community HIV/AIDS awareness and testing. Community mobilization has an important role to play in HIV programs in the DRC. However, the CC Model as such is not the most effective strategy to use where HIV is not a priority problem. Large integrated projects may compromise quality, and while a single management structure reduces coordination problems, program harmonization and community clinic linkages remain a problem.", + "Key Recommendations": "Based on the above findings, the report advises placing zonal health centers at the center of programming to include clinical services, systems strengthening, and a robust community component. It suggests keeping the community involved and strengthening Ministry of Health (MOH) health committees. For sustainability, integrate the CCSCs into the Zonal-level Health Committees; add activities for HIV and promotion of PMTCT; increase the number of voluntary outreach workers for the extra activities; strengthen the zone supervisory and oversight roles for the health committee and outreach workers. To promote sustainability, the report recommends USAID to encourage the state to provide free education as required by the constitution; promote the use of block grants; and promote community support and school IGAs for school fee waivers for OVC. To ensure access to free health care, healthcare funding should be pooled and paid directly to health facilities to be used to support all OVC in the health zone. Strengthen services to include: (a) treatment for opportunistic infections as well as ARV; (b) provision for the cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4) counts for all PWLHA; (c) clinic-based and community-based support for adherence to ARVs; and (d) promotion and strengthening of self-support groups. Promote the integration of clinic-based services and the use of mobile HIV testing units for key populations. Improve linkages between community- and clinic-based services through innovative mechanisms that strengthen referral systems.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/pa00jwrv.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Business Services", + "Health Care" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Communication for Change", + "Chemonics International" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment", + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth", + "Conflict" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Health" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "For-profit approach that generates sustainable income", + "American Business", + "Formal Sector", + "Multi-national Business", + "Large Enterprise" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2013" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Ndola Prata", + "Karen Weidert", + "Ashley Fraser", + "Amanuel Gessessew" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Ethiopia" + ], + "Document ID": "1307-Prata-ETH-pr", + "Document Title": "Meeting Rural Demand: A Case for Combining Community-Based Distribution and Social Marketing of Injectable Contraceptives in Tigray, Ethiopia", + "Document Summary": "Meeting Rural Demand: A Case for Combining Community-Based Distribution and Social Marketing of Injectable Contraceptives in Tigray, Ethiopia is a case study report, which proposes a model for increasing access to injectable contraceptives in rural settings by using community-based distributors as social marketing agents and incorporating financing systems to improve sustainability. \n\nThe model lays out the foundation with a broader understanding of private sector strategies of demand generation, cost recovery, and willingness to pay. Under this model, community-based distribution workers are incentivized to increase sales, and programs are potentially less undermined by attrition. In this model, the public health system is directly involved in supervision and monitoring and highlights the importance of private-public partnerships to the feasibility of this model. ", + "Key Findings": "Forty-four percent of CBRHAs were providing family planning methods at the time of the training and 96% believed providing injectable contraceptives would improve their services. By October 2012, 137 CBRHAs had successfully completed training and provided 2541 injections. Of total injections, 47% were provided to new users of injectable contraceptives. Approximately 31% of injections were given for free to the poorest women, including adolescents.", + "Key Recommendations": "Insights gained from the first year of implementation of the model provide a framework for further expansion in Tigray, Ethiopia. Our experience highlights how program planners can tailor interventions to match family planning preferences and create more sustainable contraceptive service provision with greater impact.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0068794", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Health Care" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Flexibility and Pace" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Risk-Mitigation and Flexible Authorities", + "Reputation and Credible Convening Power", + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "PLOS One Journal" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Health" + ], + "Type of Document": "Peer-reviewed article or other research report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Micro, Small, or Medium Enterprise", + "Informal Sector" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2013" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Sabita Tuladhar" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Nepal" + ], + "Document ID": "1307-Tulad-NPL", + "Document Title": "Chlorhexidine in Nepal: A Public‐Private Partnership Case Study", + "Document Summary": "This case study documents the experiences of the Nepal Ministry of Health and Population (MoHP), a Nepali pharmaceutical company—Lomus Pharmaceuticals Private Limited—and two USAID‐supported technical assistance projects, in the development of a chlorhexidine product and program. This case study maps out the development of that partnership in a PPP model and examines the issues confronted, and the lessons learned. In this report, the success of PPP is assessed from a variety of perspectives, including the clarity of communication, goals, and responsibilities between the partners; efficient and fair sharing of risk; public sector cost reduction; incentives; monitoring mechanisms and dispute resolution; and political support within the enabling regulatory environment. This case study analyses the perceptions of various actors on the involvement of Lomus in the government’s chlorhexidine program and reviews the prospects for such partnerships in health. \n\n", + "Key Findings": "The case study suggests that as private company has to look at long‐term benefits to fully contribute to the national interest, having an explicit market and demand and scaleup plan helps the private sector see the potential even when the market is initially small. The importance of engaging the right stakeholders cannot be overstated. It is important to explore options so as to further innovate and so that better solutions can be found; limiting a program to its initial set‐up is not sufficient for achieving the best results. Remaining flexible and open creates opportunities.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.healthynewbornnetwork.org/hnn-content/uploads/Chlorhexidine-in-Nepal-A-Public-Private-Partnership-Case-Study.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Pharmaceuticals" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Lomus Pharmaceuticals" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities", + "Ability to Influence Policy" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments", + "Risk-Mitigation and Flexible Authorities" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;", + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "JSI Research & Training Institute, Inc." + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Health" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "For-profit approach that generates sustainable income", + "Local Business", + "Formal Sector" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Asia" + ], + "Year": "2013" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Alexander Betts", + "Louise Bloom" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Uganda" + ], + "Document ID": "1308-BLOOM-GLO", + "Document Title": "The Two Worlds of Humanitarian Innovation", + "Document Summary": "In recent years, discussions of ‘humanitarian innovation’ have emerged as a way of potentially transforming humanitarian practice. A range of humanitarian international organisations (e.g. UNICEF, UNHCR, WFP and OCHA) and NGOs (e.g. Save the Children, HIF and ALNAP) have embraced ‘the innovation turn’. However, a significant proportion of existing approaches to humanitarian innovation have focused mainly on a ‘top-down’ approach, designing solutions that can improve organisational responses within the humanitarian context. Alternatively, this paper argues, there is a different and complementary approach to humanitarian innovation that can be grounded in community participation, engaging the skills, talents and aspirations of so-called beneficiary populations.\n\nThere is currently little attention given to the latter ‘bottom-up’ world of humanitarian innovation, whereas there appears to be a heavy focus on the world where innovation serves as a tool to solve institutionalised management issues faced by international actors. In order to address this potentially expanding gap in the understanding and practice of humanitarian\ninnovation, this paper seeks to build new concepts in order to understand ‘bottom-up’ humanitarian innovation and look for ways forward as to how the two worlds can be brought closer together, addressing the challenge of finding opportunities for self-reliance amongst crisis-affected populations.", + "Key Findings": "Innovation has rapidly emerged as one the most widely discussed themes within the humanitarian world. However, in many of the existing debates, innovation is poorly understood or based on limited research. Furthermore, existing work on humanitarian innovation can broadly be considered as occupying two very different ‘worlds’ of innovation: one ‘top-down’ and the other ‘bottom-up’. The overwhelming majority of humanitarian innovation work occupies the former of these worlds. It focuses mainly on how to improve organisational response, making it more efficient, effective, and sustainable. Attempting to move beyond the rhetoric of ‘bottom-up’ language, this paper has begun to elaborate what bottom-up innovation means in general, and for the humanitarian context in particular. The aim is not to replace the role of external interventions but to offer ways in which an enabling environment can be developed that better facilitates and works within the existing adaptive capacities of communities and their wider networks.", + "Key Recommendations": "The paper includes the following humanitarian innovation research framework: \n\n1. Define the problem or identify the opportunity\n2. Find a potential solution\n3. Test, adapt, and use the solution\n4. Appropriately scale the solution", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.unhcr.org/innovation/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/wp94-two-worlds-humanitarian-innovation-2013.pdf", + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Efficiency and Effectiveness", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments", + "Risk-Mitigation and Flexible Authorities" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Advancing Learning and Market Research;", + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Refugee Studies Centre" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Humanitarian Assistance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Peer-reviewed article or other research report", + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2013" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Chemonics International" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Afghanistan" + ], + "Document ID": "1308-Chemo-AFG", + "Document Title": "Trade Accession and Facilitation for Afghanistan", + "Document Summary": "Prepared by Chemonics International in August 2013, “Trade accession and facilitation for Afghanistan final report was produced for review by the United States Agency for International Development. The report covers the activities carried out from November 18, 2009, through August 31, 2013, with a summary of achievements and key lessons learned. \n\nUSAID awarded the TAFA contract in November 2009 to a consortium consisting of Chemonics International Inc., which was the prime implementer, Economic Integration Forum, Inc., Overseas Strategic Consulting, Ltd., and Management Systems International, Inc. Building on the foundation of TAFA, USAID awarded the TAFA II contract, which started on November 16, 2012, and ran through August 31, 2013. Since most TAFA activities transitioned seamlessly into TAFA II, this report covers the activities of both projects and uses “TAFA” when referring to the activities of both projects. \n\nThe report provides the details of i) Trade Policy Liberalization, ii) Customs Reform, and iii) Trade Facilitation as project components under both the project phases. The report highlights that from its start in November 2009 through its completion in August 2013, USAID’s TAFA project worked to rebuild Afghanistan’s traditional role as a great trading nation.", + "Key Findings": "TAFA supported Afghanistan’s journey toward accession to the WTO, widely recognized as the engine for enabling broad-based reforms and improving national competitiveness. As a result of its partnership with TAFA, the Afghan government made steady progress toward membership in the WTO, participating in its four working party meetings and receiving support from WTO members for a fast-tracked accession that is expected before the end of 2014.\n\nTAFA advised the Afghan government on legislative reforms to create a conducive trade and investment regulatory regime that complies with WTO and other internationally accepted rules, principles, and best practices.With TAFA assistance and tireless coordination with relevant ministries, Afghanistan has embarked on major policy, legal, and institutional reforms, consisting of 26 pieces of legislation.", + "Key Recommendations": "Embedding advisors in director’s offices.\nRegular reporting of key activities to the Ministry of Finance.\nCoordinating with other donor projects.\nReporting of delays to the director general.\nExpatriate oversight visits to the regions.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00M84X.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Business Services", + "Other" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Economic Integration Forum", + "Overseas Strategic Consulting", + "Management Systems International" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Reputation and Credible Convening Power", + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Advancing Learning and Market Research;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Multi-national Business", + "For-profit approach that generates sustainable income", + "American Business", + "Formal Sector" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Afghanistan and Pakistan" + ], + "Year": "2013" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Anna Pegels", + "Pieter Pauw" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "1308-Pauw-GLO", + "Document Title": "Private Sector Engagement in Climate Change Adaptation in Least Developed Countries: An Exploration ", + "Document Summary": "The private sector is increasingly being engaged in climate finance and climate-related activities. Private sector opportunities for engagement in climate change adaptation are less clear than for mitigation, particularly in developing countries. This article first conceptualizes private sector engagement in adaptation by exploring (1) different roles of the private sector in adaptation in developing countries and (2) the way governments can create an enabling environment to increase private sector engagement. Second, it analyses how 47 least developed countries (LDCs) envisage the role of the private sector in their National Adaptation Programmes of Action (NAPAs). This article argues that private sector engagement in adaptation is often inevitable and potentially significant. Yet, the results show that it receives little attention in NAPAs. This may have three explanations: (1) an intentional approach of LDCs to avoid a distraction from the necessity to scale\nup public funding; (2) a lack of awareness of the potential of the private sector; and (3) the NAPA formulation guidelines focus on the public sector in the context of public financing, potentially causing path dependency. Developed countries’ historic responsibility for emissions obliges them to upscale public climate finance. At the same time, however, LDCs should further explore private sector engagement in adaptation.", + "Key Findings": "The results of this paper show that private sector engagement receives little attention in National Adaptation Programmes of Action (NAPAs). This may have three explanations: an intentional approach of least developed countries to avoid a distraction from the necessity to scale up public funding; a lack of awareness of the potential of the private sector; the NAPA formulation guidelines focus on the public sector in the context of public financing, potentially causing path dependency. ", + "Key Recommendations": "While creating an enabling environment, governments should think of the private sector's motivation to engage in adaptation. First, many private firms will have to adapt their operations to stay in business or maintain their level of profit under changing climatic conditions. The second motivation for the private sector to engage in adaptation is new business opportunities. ", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/17565529.2013.826130", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Energy", + "Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, and Hunting", + "Other", + "Telecommunications", + "Technology" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Climate and Development" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Humanitarian Assistance", + "Environment/Climate Change" + ], + "Type of Document": "Peer-reviewed article or other research report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Micro, Small, or Medium Enterprise", + "Local Business" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2013" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Sharon Arscott-Mills", + "Kirsten Unfried" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Namibia" + ], + "Document ID": "1309-Arsco-NAM", + "Document Title": "Namibia Centership Project Case Study Report", + "Document Summary": "The report reflects on the success and failure of the Namibia Centership Project and provides recommendations for further improvement. In fact, the Centers model in Namibia was envisioned as an innovative answer to the recognized need for community members to reach their own communities with health promotion, HIV/AIDS awareness, referrals, data collection, and provision of limited services. Unfortunately, the Centership model did not work in either community as originally designed, but it evolved to specific local solutions for the two communities. . ", + "Key Findings": "At midline, the activities in both locations were floundering and would have ended; however, both USAID and AIDSTAR-Two were willing to adapt the approach. The willingness to be flexible and adapt the response based on local learning supports USAID’s collaboration, learning, and adaptation approach, which promotes monitoring, review of data, and learning from the implementation process to promote a living strategy and course correction to adapt projects to the local situation. In light of this, the report provides the recommendations that the USAID and AIDSTAR-Two should consider for future undertakings", + "Key Recommendations": "1. As modeled in this project, involve MOHSS Regional Director and Regional Health Management team and community leaders from inception to foster ownership. \n2. Use a community capacity-enhancement approach and facilitation process to stimulate community awareness of its own strengths to foster ownership and lead to sustainability.\n3. Start with network and partner mapping to ensure informed decisions and understanding of the environmental context and presence of other potential partners.\n4. From the CHVs: Be clear about the role and expectations of volunteers from the beginning. \n5. From the CHVs: Foster a team sense of working together for the community.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.mchip.net/sites/default/files/Namibia%20Centership%20Project%20evaluation.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Business Services", + "Health Care" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "ICF International" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Reputation and Credible Convening Power" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID", + "Maternal and Child Health Integrated Program (MCHIP)" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Health" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "For-profit approach that generates sustainable income", + "Multi-national Business", + "Formal Sector", + "American Business" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2013" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Jeri Jensen" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global", + "El Salvador", + "Philippines", + "Tanzania", + "Ghana" + ], + "Document ID": "1309-Jense-GLO", + "Document Title": "Toward a New Paradigm of Sustainable Development: Lessons from the Partnership for Growth", + "Document Summary": "This paper examines a more direct route to sustainable development outcomes for the U.S. government, which is more about the flexible and enthusiastic application of existing tools to spur new investment by lowering the risks and costs of investment with developmental impact. It suggests an approach that uses U.S. government resources and tools to attract, rather than to displace or ignore, private capital, and sees U.S. development agencies as the catalytic minority shareholders in development they have become. \n\nThe Partnership for Growth (PfG) is one of the first direct routes to sustainable development that experiments to operationalize the administration’s Global Development Strategy to bring greater programmatic coherence to U.S. trade and development initiatives in four countries—the Philippines, El Salvador, Ghana, and Tanzania—in Washington and on the ground. ", + "Key Findings": "This paper argues that PfG began the paradigm shift toward a more coordinated and sustainable development strategy by highlighting the benefits of strategic coordination across agencies at the front end of an initiative. It also brought to light the difficulty of using development resources and tools to attract non-aid actors with what is still basically a government-to-government approach to development. In that sense, PfG is making a significant contribution to a potential agenda for this and future administrations and presents a critical opportunity, regardless of the future of PfG itself. \n\nThe paper points out the challenges of taking PfG to the next level. These challenges include the inability to use authority to strategically align agency program budgets by the National Security Staff (NSS) or Office of Management and Budget (OMB); the inability of a resource-constrained NSS to coordinate multiple agency strategies and budgets around a set of trade and development priorities; and missing incentives within the agencies to combine programs across agencies to greater effect and to engage non-aid actors. Some of these challenges require considerable reorientation, new resources, and the consent of Congress. Other challenges reflect the endemic structural limitations of U.S. trade and development architecture, such as different trade and development agency mandates and jurisdictions and policy restrictions that are vestiges of an era when the private sector was considered best left at arm’s length in U.S. development strategy. If U.S. government priorities are clear—and PfG has demonstrated, it is possible for U.S. development agencies to be on the same strategic page—and if resources are focused where they will have the most sustainable outcomes, with relevant processes and flexible tools, U.S. agencies can maximize opportunities for government agencies and non-aid actors to combine resources to greater developmental effect.\n", + "Key Recommendations": "- Bringing U.S. government processes, tools, and incentives up to the task of achieving more sustainable development outcomes by going beyond partnerships to attract investment and engage the core business of companies is the next step. \n\n- More aggressive and innovative development finance tools, targeted capacity building, an expanded project development table that includes potential investors, multi-stakeholder approaches, or contributing to corporate platforms where governments are not in the lead, were suggested as possibilities.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://ciaotest.cc.columbia.edu/wps/csis/0029240/f_0029240_23731.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Energy" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Chevron Corporation" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Ability to Influence Policy" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Risk-Mitigation and Flexible Authorities", + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment", + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Rowman and Littlefield", + "Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS)" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "For-profit Commercial Entity", + "Corporate Foundation", + "Large Enterprise", + "American Business", + "Multi-national Business", + "Formal Sector" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Global", + "Asia", + "Africa", + "Latin America and the Carribean" + ], + "Year": "2013" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Doyin Oluwole", + "John Kraemer" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Zambia", + "Botswana" + ], + "Document ID": "1309-Oluwo-MLT-pr", + "Document Title": "Innovative public–private partnership: a diagonal approach to combating women’s cancers in Africa ", + "Document Summary": "This report captures lessons learned from the field. The report describes Pink Ribbon Red Ribbon (PRRR) as an innovative partnership designed to leverage public and private investments in global health and to build on the successful United States President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) platform to combat cancers of the breast and cervix in sub-Saharan Africa and Latin America. By supporting a comprehensive set of country-owned and country-driven interventions, PRRR seeks to reduce deaths from cervical cancer among women screened and treated through the program and to reduce deaths from breast cancer by promoting early detection. The document highlights that PRRR applied a diagonal strategy based on the life course and continuum of care approaches to cancer control. Its work resulted in the delivery of the human papillomavirus vaccine to young girls in several settings and in the strengthening of prevention, screening, and treatment delivery systems from the community to the tertiary level.", + "Key Findings": "This paper outlines the approach PRRR has taken as a country-aligned public–private partnership and the preliminary lessons learnt, including the need for flexible implementation, effective country coordination mechanism and regular communication with all stakeholders.", + "Key Recommendations": "•\tA partnership must be flexible and adaptable; there is no single model for all countries to follow in creating the innovative implementation models for global scale-up and use that Pink Ribbon Red Ribbon (PRRR) advocates, and PRRR partners can and must apply the model that each country has identified as best.\n•\tCommunications within and between countries and among PRRR members at the global level must be active, clear and responsive to the needs of any partner and all structures and processes must enable and reward frank, bidirectional communication if problems are to be solved quickly. \n•\tAn efficient country coordination mechanism is essential; communication becomes much clearer and programs move forward much faster if an active technical working group for women’s cancers exists.\n", + "Internet URL of Document": "http://dx.doi.org/10.2471/BLT.12.109777", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Health Care" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "IBM", + "GlaxoSmithKline (GSK)", + "Becton Dickinson & Co.", + "QIAGEN", + "Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation", + "Bristol-Myers Squibb Foundation" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Efficiency and Effectiveness", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities", + "Flexibility and Pace" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships", + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge", + "Reputation and Credible Convening Power" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Bulletin of the World Health Organization" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Health" + ], + "Type of Document": "Peer-reviewed article or other research report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "For-profit Commercial Entity", + "American Business", + "Multi-national Business", + "Corporate Foundation" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2013" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Alexander Ovodenko" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global", + "Brazil", + "India", + "Russia", + "China", + "South Africa", + "Germany", + "France", + "Switzerland", + "Luxembourg", + "Netherlands", + "Niger", + "Nigeria", + "Malawi", + "Mozambique", + "Tanzania", + "Zambia", + "Congo (Kinshasa)", + "Uganda", + "Kenya", + "Angola", + "Burundi", + "Cameroon", + "Congo (Brazzaville)", + "Gabon", + "Rwanda", + "Senegal", + "Mauritania", + "Mali", + "Guinea", + "Namibia", + "Botswana", + "Zimbabwe", + "Kazakhstan", + "Turkmenistan", + "Azerbaijan", + "Iran", + "Israel", + "Syria", + "Jordan", + "Turkey", + "Armenia", + "Georgia", + "Croatia", + "Slovakia", + "Bulgaria", + "Moldova", + "Ukraine", + "Colombia", + "Peru", + "Ecuador", + "Bolivia" + ], + "Document ID": "1309-Ovode-GLO-pr", + "Document Title": "Pathways of Cooperation: Integrated and Un-integrated International Environmental Governance", + "Document Summary": "This dissertation argues that governments form integrated cooperation when they share convergent preferences over cooperation. They form unintegrated cooperation when they have divergent preferences. Preferences diverge under one of two conditions: (i) economic actors (“stakeholders”) responsible for the environmental problem operate in diffuse markets, or (ii) states have an asymmetrically interdependent relationship in managing the environmental issue. When neither condition holds, governments share convergent preferences over environmental cooperation. This paper evaluates the importance of stakeholder concentrations, by studying patterns of cooperation on global environmental issues such as climate change, ozone layer depletion, biodiversity loss, and mercury pollution. It evaluates the importance of interdependence structures by studying patterns of cooperation on regional rivers, lakes, and seas.", + "Key Findings": "In this dissertation, the author explains that when governments have convergent and divergent preferences over international environmental cooperation, one constraint comes from the individuals, businesses, and communities that generate the environmental problem that prompted international action – the “stakeholders.” When these actors are in concentrated economic markets, governments have more opportunities to economize on international regulation after it begins. Although stakeholders in concentrated economic markets have stronger lobbying power, they make it simpler for governments to create relatively efficient forms of international environmental cooperation. However, when the stakeholders are in diffuse economic markets, governments have less opportunity to economize on international regulation after it begins. They may have ambitious goals at the beginning. The diffuseness of stakeholders makes it infeasible from a political standpoint and impractical from a regulatory standpoint to create international regulation with as much efficiency as when the stakeholders are in concentrated markets. This dissertation documents how un-integrated cooperation reflects obstacles to integrated cooperation. It is a response to obstacles preventing efficient governance. It is a response to divergent political interests. Unintegrated cooperation reflects government efforts to make rules or institutions when barriers to integrated cooperation make that approach infeasible or ineffective. Unintegrated cooperation is the response to divergent preferences. Without efforts to form unintegrated cooperation in the face of political obstacles or governance limitations, the landscape of cooperation would have fewer rules and institutions.\n\nThis dissertation contributes to research on international organization by clarifying when governments make varying forms of international cooperation. In particular, the unintegrated development of international environmental cooperation raises a general puzzle. This dissertation highlights another reason why stakeholders are important in international environmental cooperation, besides their lobbying efforts. Stakeholders can influence the form of environmental cooperation because of the markets in which they operate. Stakeholders operating in concentrated markets enable governments to form integrated regimes; stakeholders operating in diffuse markets force governments to settle for unintegrated regimes.", + "Internet URL of Document": "http://arks.princeton.edu/ark:/88435/dsp01cj82k741k", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Transportation and Warehousing", + "Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, and Hunting" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Ability to Influence Policy", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships", + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Advancing Learning and Market Research;", + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Princeton University (PhD Dissertation)", + "UMI Dissertation Publishing", + "ProQuest LLC" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Environment/Climate Change", + "Agriculture and Food Security" + ], + "Type of Document": "Peer-reviewed article or other research report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Multi-national Business", + "For-profit Commercial Entity", + "Large Enterprise", + "Formal Sector" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Global", + "Latin America and the Carribean", + "Europe and Eurasia", + "Asia", + "Africa", + "Middle East" + ], + "Year": "2013" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Rob Hayward", + "Jennifer Lee", + "Justin Keeble", + "Robert McNamara", + "Carrie Hall", + "Sean Cruse" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "1309-UNGCA-GLO", + "Document Title": "The UN Global Compact-Accenture CEO Study on Sustainability 2013: Architects of a Better World", + "Document Summary": "Published by the United Nations Global Compact, the UN Global Compact-Accenture CEO Study on Sustainability 2013, assesses the past, present, and future of sustainable business; discusses a new global architecture to unlock the full potential of business in contributing to global priorities, and reveals how leading companies are adopting innovative strategies to combine impact and value creation. The report argues that business efforts on sustainability may have reached a plateau with a broadened corporate sustainability movement, but many business leaders express doubts about the pace of change and the scale of their impact. Far from continuing to a new peak of achievement, many companies have become stuck on their ascent, unable to scale sustainability at the pace required to address global challenges and achieve business success demanding a global architecture that can enable the business to scale sustainability efforts from an individual, incremental achievement toward new structures and systems that can tap into the evident commitment of business leaders around the world and unlock the full potential of business in contributing to the world’s most pressing challenges. ", + "Key Findings": "The key findings from this article can be broken down into the following: \n\n• Realism & context understanding the scale of the challenge—and the opportunity.\nThroughout our interviews, it was clear that companies taking the most ambitious action on sustainability were also the most realistic about the scale of the challenge—and are more likely to admit that business is not doing enough. Understanding the challenge also allows these companies to appreciate the opportunity for future growth in providing solutions to sustainability issues and to target strategies to achieve it.\n\n• Growth & differentiation\nTurning sustainability to advantage and value creation. One of the clearest insights from this year’s study is the emergence of a two-speed world in sustainability, between those companies still reacting to external expectations on sustainability and focusing on incremental mitigation, and those that see sustainability through the lens of growth and differentiation. For leading companies, many CEOs told us that the urgency of global challenges provides an opportunity to differentiate their products and services; to access new market segments; and to grow into new regions, countries and areas where their products can meet a pressing need.\n\n• Value & performance\n“What gets measured gets managed.” From carbon emissions to water footprints, tracking environmental measures is now commonplace across industries. Our research suggests that, for companies seeking to go beyond incremental change and tackle global sustainability issues, the challenge is two-fold: not just to measure and manage metrics of reduction and mitigation, but also to quantify the value of sustainability initiatives and more sustainable business models to the company, and to track their impact on the communities in which they operate.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.unglobalcompact.org/docs/news_events/8.1/UNGC_Accenture_CEO_Study_2013.pdf", + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities", + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments", + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "UN Global Compact", + "Accenture" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "Peer-reviewed article or other research report", + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2013" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Tuberculosis Coalition for Technical Assistance (TBCTA)" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Kenya" + ], + "Document ID": "1309-USAID-KEN", + "Document Title": "TB CARE I - Kenya", + "Document Summary": "This is the final report of TB CARE I-Kenya, implemented by four partners of the Tuberculosis Coalition for Technical Assistance (TBCTA): KNCV Tuberculosis Foundation, the American Thoracic Society (ATS1), FHI 360, and Management Sciences for Health (MSH). This report is a synopsis of TB CARE I achievements in Kenya with lessons learned and recommendations.\n\nWhile TB CARE I was successful in maintaining the DLTLD supportive supervision system, it is considered a challenge that the current system is completely dependent on donor funding making it vulnerable to transitional periods and threats of diminishing donor support. It is recommended that DLTLD explores options on how to best address sustainability issues.\n\n\n\n", + "Key Findings": "Support by TB CARE I for the Division of Leprosy, Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (DLTLD) ensured DLTLD collected data on a regular basis, maintained contact with health facilities, and issues affecting implementation of TB control activities were identified and the necessary decisions were made to maintain quality TB care. Investment to increase participation of all care providers in TB care and control activities led to an increase in national case finding by private facilities. Kenya significantly strengthened its laboratory sputum-smear External Quality Assurance (EQA) system. Coverage increased from 28% to 88% and error rates declined from 14% to 2.8%. With support from TB CARE I, DLTLD is implementing an innovative web based TB program management system integrated with mobile technology—the first of its kind to be implemented in Africa.", + "Key Recommendations": "1. The DLTLD/CRL should empower the EQA officer to dedicate his time for EQA activities including data analysis and EQA data quality assessment.\n\n2. There is need to establish a specific task force to oversee and coordinate the GeneXpert MTB/Rif implementation and roll out in the country. This team should also coordinate GeneXpert reporting as well as the existing GeneXpert supply management system.\n\n3. To support the specimen referral system, standard specimen packaging material should be procured and distributed to all the regions in the country.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00M5JB.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Health Care" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge", + "Risk-Mitigation and Flexible Authorities" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Health" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Local Business", + "Formal Sector", + "Micro, Small, or Medium Enterprise" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2013" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Kenya", + "Ethiopia", + "Djibouti", + "Burundi", + "Rwanda", + "Tanzania", + "Uganda" + ], + "Document ID": "1309-USAID-MLT", + "Document Title": "Extending HIV and Broader Health Programming along Transport Corridors within the East African Community", + "Document Summary": "Produced for USAID in 2013, “Extending HIV and Broader Health Programming along Transport Corridors within the East African Community” is a practicum report. The report provides information on; i) the prevailing environment for the delivery of HIV and other health services to people living and working along transport corridors within EAC; ii) reviews lessons learned and best practices of partners implementing programming along the corridors, with a focus on identifying opportunities for collaboration; iii) consider key priorities and actions to increase access to services for mobile and resident populations, given current realities; and iv) integrates appropriate actions into strategic plans of transport unions and other actors.\n\nThe practicum report, enriched by the wide array of experienced participants, included presentations, plenary sessions, group discussions, and a gallery walk. The report also provides specific actions identified by the project participants to enhance harmonization, sustainability, and coordination of programming in the region with key findings and recommendations.", + "Key Findings": "Some of the findings include insufficient access to quality health services for both mobile and host populations; lack of harmonization of health‐related policies, protocols, and guidelines across countries in the region; inadequate coordination between public and private sector actors involved in health service delivery leading to significant duplication of efforts; challenges with the sustainability of externally funded health programming along the transport corridors; gaps in research and a need for better dissemination of program‐relevant information to stakeholders across the region. Based on these findings, the report provides some recommendations to be considered for future undertakings. ", + "Key Recommendations": "The forum recommends the following actions:\n1. Under the leadership of the East African Community (EAC), establish a Multi‐sectoral Task Force to spearhead strategic action for regional integrated health programming along transport corridors (e.g., mapping, policy review, research agenda);\n2. Building on existing national strategies, develop a regional strategy for integrated, comprehensive health programming along the corridors through an inclusive approach with all key stakeholders (e.g., minimum package of services);\n3. Establish an inclusive Regional Advisory and Oversight Forum within EAC with responsibility for coordinating regional integrated health programming along the transport corridors, regional policy formulation, regional program monitoring, capacity building and technical assistance, regional research, knowledge management, etc.\n4. Develop a specific regional strategy for public‐private sector engagement in integrated health programming along transport corridors.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00MX72.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Health Care", + "Other" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "FHI 360", + "North Star Alliance", + "African Institute for Health and Development", + "LVCT Health", + "Amalgamated Transport and General Workers Union (ATGWU)" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "FHI 360", + "USAID", + "U.S. President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR)" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Health" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Regional Business", + "Formal Sector", + "Multi-national Business", + "American Business" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2013" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Eric Pelham Coleman", + "Laura Rosa Nelly León Noriega", + "Zully Karin Lizette Slowing Umaña", + "Gregorio A. Soriano Urbáez", + "Heidi Mihm" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Panama", + "Nicaragua", + "Honduras", + "Guatemala", + "El Salvador", + "Costa Rica", + "Belize" + ], + "Document ID": "1310-Colem-MLT", + "Document Title": "Evaluation of the United States Government Central America Regional Partnership Framework: A Qualitative Mid-Term Assessment of the Progress of the Regional Program of the President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief", + "Document Summary": "Produced and published in 2013 at the request of the United States Agency for International Development, this report is an evaluation of the United States Government Central America Regional Partnership Framework. The Central America Partnership Framework (PF) represents a five-year strategic plan to guide efforts in the regional response to the HIV epidemic. It is implemented by the United States Government together with the governments of Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Panama. This report organizes findings, conclusions, and specific recommendations on the four technical areas of the PF, with a focus on sustainability and country ownership. ", + "Key Findings": "Based on the fieldwork and survey results, overall it is clear USG efforts are widely valued across the region, and continue to fill important resource and technical gaps in national HIV/AIDS strategies. In many cases PEPFAR supported activities can be seen as providing otherwise absent leadership and political support for priority efforts focused on KPs, and have contributed significantly to improving capacity and the policy environment in the region. As one of two major external funding sources for HIV/AIDS programs (PEPFAR and the Global Fund), PEPFAR’s contributions have had a major impact in the region, including strengthening of STI services targeting key populations, and the institutionalization and strengthening of key implementing and decision-making structures such as the National AIDS Councils (NACs) and the ‘Three Ones’, while also providing direct and targeted support to priority program areas. In general, the quality of technical assistance delivered through the four USG agencies and their partners is highly valued within the spheres they work in, but there is a perception of poor coordination and sharing of information across the agencies and with their partners.", + "Key Recommendations": "Key recommendations include moving towards a vulnerability approach in addition to a risk approach to address the larger barriers such as stigma and discrimination that make key populations vulnerable in the first place. PEPFAR should focus efforts on sustainability for KP prevention and the promotion of public and other funding streams in light of reduced donor funding in the future. To address the challenges of human resources and weak health systems, PEPFAR should increase emphasis on building institutional capacity to ensure improvements made to date are not lost. PEPFAR should support countries to improve capacity for research and continue to strengthen ability to produce and use information through harmonization of systems and indicators.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00JRW5.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Telecommunications" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Claro" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;", + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Youth" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Health" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "For-profit approach that generates sustainable income", + "Multi-national Business", + "Formal Sector", + "Large Enterprise" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Latin America and the Carribean" + ], + "Year": "2013" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Marian Lawson" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global", + "Malawi", + "India", + "Jordan", + "Egypt", + "Guatemala", + "Zambia", + "Zimbabwe", + "Angola", + "Congo (Kinshasa)", + "Ghana" + ], + "Document ID": "1310-Lawso-GLO", + "Document Title": "Foreign Assistance: Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs)", + "Document Summary": "This document discusses the evolution of private sector involvement in U.S. foreign assistance programs over recent decades, how globalization has driven the modern approach to development partnerships, the potential benefits, and drawbacks of PPPs, and how partnerships are being used by other bilateral donors and multilateral development agencies. The report then discusses partnership-related issues that may be of interest to Congress as part of the foreign assistance authorization and reform process. \n\nThe report offers the new PPP model, which is designed to take advantage of the growing presence of international corporations, foundations, and other private entities in developing countries through formal relationships marked by common objectives, mutual resource contributions, and shared risk. The report outlines the potential benefits of PPPs. ", + "Key Findings": "Through this new model, development agencies are able to overcome technical, legal, and financial barriers to accessing certain technology and will be able to extend their global reach into more developing countries. Partnering with a U.S. government entity can lend legitimacy to a private entity and the association with development activities can enhance a corporation’s reputation for being socially responsible.\n\nWhile many development experts see PPPs as having the potential to be mutually beneficial, some are also wary of unbalanced partnership relationships and the resource demands of partnership management leading to a number of potentially negative impacts. Among the most often-cited concerns, this report provides some of those concerns which include; Management Burdens and Inadequate Evidence of Value Added, Distortion of Development Priorities, Disadvantages to Least-Developed Countries and Individuals, Unfair Advantage to Private Partners, Bad Bedfellows, and Threat to American Jobs. The report highlights on the issues for Congress as well which include; Cost Savings, International Commitments, Emphasis on Non-aid Development Strategies, Budget and Procurement Issues, and Interagency Leadership. Finally, the report sheds light on the potential challenges to congressional control and oversight of development activities, as Congress does not have the same control over private funds as it does over appropriated funds. Such concerns are largely hypothetical, but they raise the issue of how Congress can best manage public resources involved in PPPs.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://fas.org/sgp/crs/row/R41880.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Telecommunications", + "Food & Beverage", + "Financial Services", + "Pharmaceuticals", + "Fast Moving Consumer Goods", + "Arts and entertainment", + "Energy", + "Technology", + "Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, and Hunting", + "Business Services", + "Processing & Manufacturing" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Mars", + "Hershey", + "Nestle", + "Land O'Lakes", + "General Mills", + "Monsanto", + "ICICI Bank", + "Cisco", + "Hewlett Packard Enterprise", + "Starbucks", + "Coca Cola", + "Intel", + "Evensen Dodge", + "Bayer Pharma", + "The Packard Foundation", + "Green Mountain Coffee", + "Kraft", + "The MacArthur Foundation", + "PepsiCo", + "Swiss Re", + "Unilever", + "DSM", + "Microsoft", + "Western Union", + "Apache Corp.", + "Dell", + "Dow Corning", + "Shell Foundation", + "Morgan Stanley", + "Baker & McKenzie", + "MTV", + "Walmart", + "AgroFlora" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities", + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge", + "Reputation and Credible Convening Power", + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships", + "Risk-Mitigation and Flexible Authorities" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Congressional Research Service" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Humanitarian Assistance", + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "White Paper/Think Tank Report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "For-profit approach that generates sustainable income", + "Multi-national Business", + "Local Business", + "Formal Sector", + "Large Enterprise", + "American Business", + "Corporate Foundation", + "Financial Institution, Investors, and Intermediaries", + "Micro, Small, or Medium Enterprise" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Global", + "Africa", + "Asia", + "Middle East", + "Latin America and the Carribean" + ], + "Year": "2013" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Jenny Fairbrass", + "Linda O’Riordan" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "United Kingdom", + "Germany" + ], + "Document ID": "1310-O'rior-MLT-pr", + "Document Title": "Managing CSR Stakeholder Engagement: A New Conceptual Framework", + "Key Findings": "This paper utilizes qualitative, exploratory data, obtained via multiple research methods, to investigate the CSR practices of major pharmaceutical companies in the UK and Germany. The data are employed to critically re-examine and revise a previously published explanatory framework which identifies the management steps involved in CSR stakeholder engagement. The resulting revised explanatory framework is the main contribution of this paper. By abstracting those factors which influence CSR practice, it provides an analytical\ntool which is designed to be of practical use for business decision-makers when managing their stakeholder engagement activities. Given that the research addresses values and ideals and prescribes practical recommendations for practitioners, it is essentially applied and normative in nature. Ultimately, the framework proposes a set of steps for developing CSR strategies which could help CSR professionals to make a ‘mindset transition’ from a narrower ‘traditional’ approach to CSR to a more innovative way of thinking.\n", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-013-1913-x", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Pharmaceuticals" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Efficiency and Effectiveness", + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Journal of Business Ethics" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Health" + ], + "Type of Document": "Peer-reviewed article or other research report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "For-profit Commercial Entity", + "Formal Sector" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Europe and Eurasia" + ], + "Year": "2013" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Saving Mothers, Giving Life (SMGL)" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Uganda", + "Zambia" + ], + "Document ID": "1310-SMGL-MLT", + "Document Title": "External Evaluation of Saving Mothers, Giving Life ", + "Document Summary": "Saving Mothers, Giving Life (SMGL) seeks to reduce maternal mortality through a public-private partnership between the governments of the United States, Norway, Uganda, and Zambia and organizations such as Merck for Mothers, Every Mother Counts, the American College of Gynecology and Obstetrics, and Project CURE. It encompasses a wide scope of activities that fall into four categories: generating demand, improving access, improving quality, and strengthening health systems. \nResearch was carried out by independent researchers at Columbia University and New York University, this report assesses the reach, extent, fidelity, and dynamic effects of SMGL in order to identify best practices and remaining barriers to reducing maternal mortality in Uganda and Zambia and to inform future efforts of SMGL. It also examines the functioning of the SMGL partnership and the engagement of various stakeholders. This report covers SMGL’s Phase 1, the first 12-18 months of SMGL implementation. ", + "Key Findings": "The article suggets that they found that a large number of activities were carried out within the first year of SMGL and SMGL was generally well received by women in communities, although there was anxiety about continuation of the program after the end of year 1. In both Uganda and Zambia, providers in SMGL districts scored modestly better than their counterparts in comparison districts on a test of obstetric knowledge. The majority of implementers, national stakeholders, and community respondents felt that SMGL was instrumental in raising awareness of maternal mortality in the focus districts. In general, SMGL’s global leaders agreed that the SMGL partnership was greater than the sum of its parts because it leveraged more resources and garnered creative new ideas for action on maternal health from a broad and non-traditional group of constituents. ", + "Key Recommendations": "1. Commit to five years—with a clear transition plan\n2. Think in terms of health system packages and not isolated interventions\n3. Training is not enough—consider other cost-effective models for improving care quality\n4. Focus on \"last mile\" women\n5. Clarify the SMGL governance structure—globally and in host countries\n6. Test future intervention packages using rigorous evaluation methods", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.publichealth.columbia.edu/sites/default/files/legacy/smgl-report.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Health Care" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge", + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Saving Mothers Giving Life" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Health" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2013" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Cathy Clark", + "Jed Emerson", + "Ben Thornley", + "Daniel Brett", + "Christopher Cox", + "Colby Dailey", + "Brenna McCallick" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "1311-Clark-MLT", + "Document Title": "Impact Investing 2.0: The Way Forward -- Insight from 12 Outstanding Funds", + "Document Summary": "This document lays out the foundation for supplanting the guesswork and conjecturing in impact investing with solid evidence of high performance and, in the process, exposes the concrete practices of outstanding funds for use as the foundation for a more sophisticated and successful market. It explores the funds that had proven successful in generating impact to their key stakeholders, regardless of geography, asset class, and blended return objective. It attempts to understand, in each case, what factors led to a fund’s success. In conjunction with this report, 12 fund case studies were published online. Each case study provides thorough context for the notion of performance, by impact investing funds as well as insight into world-class learning organizations that have course corrected carefully throughout their lifespan. Taken together, the case studies disclose a magnitude of private impact investing fund data never shared publicly. The data in this report reveals a cross-section of high-performing impact investment funds and a set of shared attributes that are unique to this generation of fund creation, management, and harvest.", + "Key Findings": "The findings from the study can broadly be divided into four: \n\n• Policy Symbiosis\nDespite much of the “limited government” rhetoric found in some impact investing discussions, government has been a critical player in both financing the field and creating a supportive regulatory environment within which the best funds prosper.\n\n• Catalytic Capital\nThe most successful impact investing funds understand the role of Catalytic Capital as critical not only for financial, but also strategic reasons.\n\n• Multilingual Leadership \nThere is an evolving myth that financial skills alone are the key to successful impact investing, but our research shows that impact funds managed by those with financial discipline combined with skills from the public, non-profit, and related sectors (e.g. development finance) were best positioned both to generate financial returns and create social/environmental value.\n\n• Mission First and Last\nIn the 1.0 era, impact investors were encouraged to present themselves as being either “Financial-first” or “Impact-First.” ", + "Key Recommendations": "Given, then, that impact investing will continue to grow and evolve, what are the fundamental questions we should consider in years to come? We start with this initial set:\n■ Which of these four trends will still be true 10 or 20 years from now?\n■ What percentage of the market will remain closely tied to policy and Catalytic Capital? Will the responsibility of institutional alignment come to be seen as commonplace in a holistic approach to capital market development and operations?\n■ Will Multilingual Leadership get easier as more talent enters the field? Or will the field become more specialized and the experience sets more distinct?", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.researchgate.net/publication/328744447_PERFORMANCE_ENDLINE_EVALUATION_OF_THE_ADVANCING_PARTNERS_AND_COMMUNITIES_PROJECT", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Financial Services" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Omidyar Network", + "Elevar Equity", + "RSF Social Finance", + "Huntington Capital", + "Accion Texas, Inc.", + "The W.K. Kellogg Foundation", + "Deutsche Bank", + "Microvest", + "Bridges Ventures", + "Business Partners Limited", + "Aavishkaar", + "SEAF" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities", + "Ability to Influence Policy" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments", + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;", + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Impact Assets", + "Duke University Center for the Advancement of Social Entrepreneurship (CASE)", + "Insight" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "For-profit approach that generates sustainable income", + "Formal Sector", + "Large Enterprise", + "American Business", + "Multi-national Business", + "Corporate Foundation", + "Financial Institution, Investors, and Intermediaries" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2013" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Abubakar Yusuf", + "Uwem Essia" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Nigeria", + "Indonesia", + "United States", + "United Kingdom", + "Canada", + "France", + "Portugal", + "Australia", + "South Africa" + ], + "Document ID": "1311-Essia-NGA-pr", + "Document Title": "Public-Private-Partnership and Sustainable Development of Infrastructures in Nigeria ", + "Document Summary": "This paper reviews Nigeria's PPP practices and institutional frameworks. It compares them with selected global best-practice countries and suggests how PPP can become self-sustaining. Among other recommendations, the paper calls for mainstreaming of PPP through an institutional restructuring process that creates a cocktail of full-service PPP agencies, vested with both regulatory and executive powers as is the case in many global best practice countries. However, success with the proposed framework calls for more holistic PPP legislation, sustainable long-term financing models, and a comprehensive business dispute resolution framework.", + "Key Findings": "Arising from the review of selected best practices, demand-driven, transcendence, long-term horizon, financial independence, and core structural integrity are considered to be the five pillars of sound PPP institutions.", + "Key Recommendations": "•\tDecentralization of PPP planning, authorization, and implementation: A diffused PPP approval and engagement mechanism is necessary for mainstreaming PPP and ensuring value-for-money in capital budget implementation. Decentralized and simplified approval processes can speed up mainstreaming of PPP.\n•\tNecessity of specialized agencies for critical infrastructures: It is needful to have specialized PPP agencies for key infrastructures like highways, petroleum exploration and refining, gas pipelines, rail systems, ICT broadcasting, electricity, and so on.\n•\tImportance of Central full-scale PPP Agencies: Central PPP agencies equipped with strong capacities for regulation, planning, implementation, facilitation, and market development would make PPP execution and regulation more effective and efficient.\n•\tMDAs and the LGCs use PPP to support capital budget implementation: Fiscal Strategy Papers (FSPs) of government should encourage MDAs and the LGCs to finance/implement an increasing percentage of their capital budget through PPPs to instill fiscal discipline and the culture of cost recovery.\n•\tCreating a comprehensive dispute resolution mechanism: An unbiased and responsive dispute resolution mechanism, with dedicated courts for business disputes, would reduce sundry risks and render the business environment more investor friendly.\n•\tInevitability of a sustainable long-term financing model: A sustainable long term financing mechanism is critical for success of PPPs. It is quite inappropriate to finance infrastructure projects having long term payback period with loans from MDBs.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://ideas.repec.org/a/spt/admaec/v3y2013i6f3_6_8.html", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Engineering & Construction" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Bi-Courtney Limited", + "Access Bank Plc", + "First City Monument Bank", + "First Bank Plc", + "GT Bank Plc,", + "Zenith Bank Plc", + "Oceanic Bank International Plc", + "Lekki Concession Company Limited", + "Macquarie Bank", + "Old Mutual of South Africa" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Efficiency and Effectiveness", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;", + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Journal of Advances in Management & Applied Economics" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "Peer-reviewed article or other research report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "For-profit Commercial Entity", + "Financial Institution, Investors, and Intermediaries", + "Large Enterprise", + "Formal Sector", + "Multi-national Business", + "Local Business" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Europe and Eurasia", + "Asia", + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2013" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Igor Novykov", + "Beatriz Ayala-Öström" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Malawi" + ], + "Document ID": "1312-Ayala-MWI", + "Document Title": "USAID Deliver Project Performance Evaluation Malawi 2007-2013", + "Document Summary": "Produced and published at the request of the United States Agency for International Development in December 2013, this report assesses the effectiveness of the 2007–13 USAID/DELIVER project in Malawi. It identifies strengths, weaknesses, and lessons learned. It also draws conclusions about the most significant achievements of the project in terms of the objectives of USAID/Malawi and the Government of Malawi for supply chain reinforcement and commodity security (CS). As a secondary objective of the evaluation, it assesses the gaps in supply chain management (SCM) in terms of the project’s current program and approach and identifies potential future programming approaches.", + "Key Findings": "Though the performance of the project has been mixed, USAID/DELIVER has successfully operated PSCs and made procurement on behalf of the United States Government (USG) and has institutionalized a logistics management information system (LMIS) in Malawi. The influence of USAID/DELIVER lies in its ability to pursue long-term goals and encourage Malawi government ownership of some or most of the activities. Since USAID mandated one-year plans for 2012 and 2013, the approach has changed to a short-term vision and strategy, which has not benefited the project.\n\nSome activities in the work plan were not begun; others were carried out beyond their target, such as \"number of unannounced spot checks conducted at third party warehousing and transport operations\". Data produced by the outdated LMIS system are not secure or validated; to be used at the central level, they must be thoroughly cleaned. The whole USAID/DELIVER management and reporting structure merits thorough USAID review to ensure that for the rest of the contract period the project complies with standard reporting procedures and that meaningful indicators of progress (output, outcome and impact) are linked to objectives and set reporting formats to track quarterly progress for all indicators.", + "Key Recommendations": "Recommendations:\n\nUSAID should consider:\n1. Reinstating multiyear strategies, work plans, and performance frameworks.\n2. Including cost-effectiveness parameters and value for money in future SCM contracts.\n3. Performance-based financing that directly links a portion of the funding to results.\n4. Promoting discussion within the health donor community about how to strengthen plans for the future “integrated” supply chain and potential support to CMST during the transition period.\n5. Shifting verification of self-reported data to external organizations that can conduct rigorous representative evaluations for annual performance reviews, LMIS, and assessment of national storage systems.\n\nFor its part, the USAID/DELIVER Project should consider:\n1. Identifying meaningful indicators to track SCM performance and draft PMPs with indicators linked to objectives and to outcomes, outputs, and impact over the strategy period.\n\n2. Drawing up, with USAID approval, multiyear country strategies and work plans, with HTSS-P inputs from the outset.\n\n3. Improving quarterly report quality by reporting activities and indicators consistently.\n\n4. Working across other commodity groups, such as essential drugs, and collecting data for quantification.\n\n5. Resolving data inaccuracies between reports.\n\n6. Facilitating selection of the e-LMIS by MOH and CMST, the eventual system users.\n\n7. Reviewing the costing structure of PSC and other SCM services and ensuring accountability and transparency.\n\n8. Whether the project will have a role during the transition to the integrated national supply chain.\n\n9. Heightening support for capacity-building support in such cross-cutting areas as governance and leadership.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/759c/29ac21a22bd622dd3d9677922c5681bf8b0b.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Health Care" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Health" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Multi-national Business", + "Formal Sector", + "Large Enterprise", + "American Business" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2013" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Chemonics International" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Angola", + "Botswana", + "Namibia" + ], + "Document ID": "1312-Chemo-MLT", + "Document Title": "Okavango River Basin Vulnerability Assessment: A Participatory Assessment of Vulnerability of Livelihood Strategies and Capacity for Adaptation to Climate Change", + "Document Summary": "This report explores key challenges of the Okavango Basin, identifies specific areas vulnerable to climate change, and discusses vulnerabilities of different livelihoods. Finally, the report outlines existing and needed capacity at the local, national, and regional levels in the custodian Basin countries of Angola, Namibia, and Botswana. \n\nThe report highlights that the direction of change in biophysical impacts remains uncertain and dependent on the direction of change in rainfall and river discharge. The climate change projections - the exposure component of vulnerability to climate change signaled increasing temperatures, yet sent a more complicated message regarding rainfall and river discharge. While rainfall changes might be spatially different, there was a slight indication toward overall drier conditions in the Basin, despite possible increases in rainfall in some areas. This implies that while the conditions in the Okavango River Basin might be drier in the future, there could still be an increase in rainfall and flooding in some areas. Additionally, this may indicate that overall conditions in the Basin could be wetter in the future.", + "Key Findings": "The report found all livelihood strategies including tourism, commercial farming, communal farming, and natural resource harvesting except mining, to be sensitive to the possible socioeconomic impacts of climate change under various scenarios. The identified socioeconomic impacts showed communal farming as the livelihood with the greatest sensitivity to climate change, reflecting the close linkage of communal farming and biophysical elements. While the direction of change and the magnitude of biophysical impacts are difficult to project, the socioeconomic impacts identified were more generic with possible socioeconomic impacts reflecting the sensitivities of specific livelihood strategies in the Basin. Mining was seen as having the necessary financial means to buffer possible impacts, while the tourism sector is likely to face mostly secondary consequences that impact operational costs and the degree to which the sector can attract tourists. But socioeconomic impacts identified reflected how climate change has the potential to push communal farmers across a threshold to very insecure and stressed livelihood conditions. \n\nThe report shows some capacity within Basin countries at all levels. Some relevant Basin policies are in place; however, implementation is sometimes not effective. At the local government level, the components highlighted included the presence of institutions and the existence of local plans, policies, and structures, coupled with well-organized frameworks for disaster response. At the national government level, there was also a focus on the existence of frameworks, policies, and programs, with somewhat different aspects being emphasized across the three countries. ", + "Key Recommendations": "- In summary, the assessment established that sustainable management of the Okavango Basin should be a key priority to ensure a sound and functioning ecosystem that supports sustainable livelihoods and is resilient to climate variability and change.\n\n- While the system has a considerable degree of resilience, the increased pressures and challenges for the ecosystem, such as increased development, mining, irrigation schemes, and veterinary fencing, require a coordinated approach. With resilience maintained over time, the Okavango River Basin will be in a better position to cope with and absorb some level of climate variability and change.\n\n- While a coordinated Basin-wide response is important, it is also crucial to support further capacity development on the national and local levels to prepare for and respond to more unpredictable weather patterns that may affect natural and socioeconomic systems. \n", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00MG5S.pdf", + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID", + "Permanent Okavango River Basin Water Commission (OKACOM)", + "Southern Africa Development Community (SADC)" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Youth" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Environment/Climate Change", + "Economic Growth", + "Agriculture and Food Security" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2013" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Catherine Dolan", + "Kate Roll" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Kenya", + "India", + "Regional", + "Ghana", + "South Africa", + "Uganda", + "Tanzania", + "Nigeria", + "Mozambique", + "Malawi", + "Zambia" + ], + "Document ID": "1312-Dolan-MLT-pr", + "Document Title": "Capital's New Frontier: From \"Unusable\" Economies to Bottom-of-the-Pyramid Markets in Africa", + "Document Summary": "This article argues that certain initiatives create “bottom of the pyramid” (BoP) economies through a set of market technologies, practices, and discourses that render the spaces and actors at the bottom of the pyramid knowable, calculable, and predictable to global business. The article describes how these technologies extend new forms of market governance over the informal poor, reconfiguring their habits, social practices, and economic strategies under the banner of poverty reduction. \n", + "Key Findings": "The paper highlights that the BoP model posits a natural alignment between business goals of profit maximization and development aspirations for poverty reduction, and it has been much celebrated in academic and policy circles. Yet while the BoP approach is championed as a new tool of “inclusive” global development, its embrace raises critical questions about how and to what effect the under-utilized poor are assimilated into the ambit of global markets. This article suggests, rather, that business creates BoP economies through a set of market technologies, practices, and discourses that render the spaces and actors at the bottom of the pyramid knowable, calculable, and predictable to global business. In contrast to prevailing analyses of the BoP, which focus on the economic benefits (e.g., access to capital, income) accrued by firms and beneficiaries, the article examines how business constitutes and develops the BoP, making the unknown frontier of “unusable” Africa into a viable market for global capital.\n\nDrawing on primary and secondary research on BoP schemes in Africa, it explores how management practices, concepts, and technologies bring those who are decoupled from “productive” economic activity into the circuits of inclusive capitalism. Building on the work of anthropologists who have examined the organizational and knowledge practices that underscore the making of development interventions, the article identifies and analyzes four processes through which business brings Africa’s informal economies into the fold of BoP initiatives: (1) the identification of a development/market problem; (2) legitimacy building through external sources of expertise; (3) the specification of proposed beneficiaries (e.g., underserved consumers and underemployed entrepreneurs) through market research; and (4) the creation of beneficiaries—consumers and entrepreneurs—through market education and a range of calculative devices. ", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://doi.org/10.1017/asr.2013.82", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Fast Moving Consumer Goods", + "Food & Beverage", + "Processing & Manufacturing", + "Energy", + "Technology", + "Mining & Extractives" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Coca Cola", + "Avon", + "SC Johnson", + "Unilever", + "Procter & Gamble", + "iSmart", + "Anglo-American", + "Walmart", + "ExXon Mobil", + "Nestle", + "Dupont", + "Danone Foods", + "PepsiCo", + "Cadbury", + "Freeplay Energy" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Advancing Learning and Market Research;", + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "African Studies Review" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "Peer-reviewed article or other research report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Informal Sector", + "For-profit Commercial Entity", + "For-profit approach that generates sustainable income", + "Multi-national Business", + "Formal Sector", + "American Business", + "Large Enterprise", + "Micro, Small, or Medium Enterprise" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa", + "Asia" + ], + "Year": "2013" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Nathan Associates Inc." + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Indonesia", + "Thailand", + "Malaysia", + "Vietnam", + "Laos" + ], + "Document ID": "1312-Natha-MLT", + "Document Title": "Asean Rate: The Asean Regional Agricultural Trade Environment Assessment", + "Document Summary": "Launched in April 2012, this RATE assessment report covers the ten member states of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) to examine a range of agriculture and trade-related policies, laws, institutions, and social dynamics that impact the environment for trade both with respect to international markets and among the ASEAN Member States themselves. The RATE methodology is drawn from USAID’s well-established Agribusiness Climate Legal and Institutional Reform (AgCLIR) diagnostic tool, a comprehensive approach to examining many country-specific aspects of starting and running an agribusiness, including farming, processing, exporting, and other agriculture-related enterprises. RATE has been adapted from AgCLIR as an efficient – but still detailed–method for examining regional legal and institutional environments for trading in agricultural goods. \n\nDrawing qualitative and quantitative information across each ASEAN Member State, RATE identifies specific policies and practices on a comparative basis, highlighting how certain efforts at legal and regulatory harmonization or strengthened institutional performance can improve conditions for food security and growth. Mindful of comprehensive efforts to bring together ASEAN’s Member States as one economic, political, and socio-economic community by 2015 the RATE assessment has devoted special attention to opportunities for legal harmonization and institutional collaboration across the region. In addition to summarizing the state of key laws and institutions involved with agricultural trade within ASEAN’s Member states, RATE proposes a number of opportunities for action that can be considered, by various stakeholders for integration and consideration. ", + "Key Findings": "Critically, the RATE Opportunities for Action are grounded in an awareness there are many pathways to change. Within the ASEAN region, important reforms can be moved forward by a single, visionary champion or a by groundswell of stakeholders. In most cases, a “big idea” —including the type that is often promoted by regional or international organizations such as ASEAN, the World Bank, the Asian Development Bank, the World Economic Forum, and others—can be broken down into many smaller tasks, which, again, can be seized by a variety of public and private actors. Accordingly, the Opportunities for Action found in the topic reports are intended to be multifaceted. Against a backdrop of dramatic change across ASEAN in recent years, the RATE deliverables are intended to serve as useful inputs to an environment of informed and inclusive long-term growth.", + "Key Recommendations": "Informal Economy\nOpportunities at the ASEAN Regional Level:\n• Strengthen information-gathering\n• Promote flexibility in farmer group organizational structures \nOpportunities for Member States:\n• Strengthen the conditions for doing business in the formal economy\n• Offer tax incentives for formalization\n• Strengthen the legal and institutional conditions for doing business in the formal economy.\n• Expand the scope of business registration one-stop-shops to include services to informal participants\n• Encourage a “culture of contracts”\n\nAccess to Finance\nOpportunities at the ASEAN Regional Level:\n• Develop regional guidelines on the legal and institutional framework for collateral lending\n• Develop regional guidelines on the role of state-funded agricultural development banks\n• Encourage a regional discussion of agricultural insurance \nOpportunities for Member States:\n• Streamline secured transactions laws so finance is more accessible to individuals who lack ownership rights in real property\n• Create or strengthen collateral registries to reduce lenders’ risk in accepting movable or intangible forms of collateral\n• Create or improve the effectiveness of credit reporting systems in order to reduce lenders’ risk and expand credit access to more borrowers\n• Expand access to microfinance services for small and medium-sized agribusinesses\n• Improve collection of statistics on access to finance in rural areas\n• Improve women’s access to finance\n\nInfrastructure\nOpportunities at the ASEAN Regional Level:\n• Within the ASEAN Infrastructure Fund, as well as other funding sources, explore opportunities for funding infrastructure activities that connect agricultural products to markets\n• Establish an ASEAN-wide institute on post-harvest loss\n• Formulate a regional transport policy, incorporating the establishment of transnational corridors passing through locations that are centers of agricultural and industrial production\n• Encourage regional initiatives to strengthen cold storage opportunities\n• Establish a shared definition of PPPs in the region along with a network for sharing standards and guidelines for protecting investors’ rights\n\nOpportunities for Member States:\n• Create “Infrastructure Accountability Websites” to track public expenditures on physical infrastructure projects\n• Incentivize infrastructure development for agricultural trade\n• Improve coordination among units of government, including national and local-level institutions\n\nIntellectual Property Rights\nOpportunities at the ASEAN Regional Level:\n• Strengthen regional participation in global IP systems in the international IP community\n• Continue to commit public outreach on enforcement and compliance issues.\n• Promote a regional network of university IPR programs to share information, curriculum, and ideas for supporting the private sector.\nOpportunities for Member States:\n• Join major IP conventions\n• Take serious action against IPR violations at the borders\n• Actively advocate for entrepreneurs to development brands through trademark and trade dress protection through outreach and facilitation.\n\nCompetition\nOpportunities at the ASEAN Regional Level:\n• Recommit to region-wide adherence to international best practices in competition policy and law\n• Integrate private-sector perspectives into policy dialogue pertaining to competition in the agriculture sector\n• Provide conditions and resources for harmonization of existing and draft competition laws\n• Support exchange of information among Member State competition authorities, particularly as it pertains to advocacy\nOpportunities for Member States:\n• Undertake comprehensive assessments of domestic competition in agriculture\n• Promote domestic understanding and expertise in competition policy and law\n\nNon-Tariff Barriers\nOpportunities at the ASEAN Regional Level:\n• Strengthen cooperation and transparency across institutions with respect to identifying and addressing NTBs.\n• Streamline and accelerate efforts to harmonize food standards\n• Coordinate efforts to harmonize food standards with the implementation of the ASEAN Single Window initiative\n• Promote public dialogue and local research pertaining to GMOs\n• Continue efforts to promote trade in services, including with respect to agriculture-related services\nOpportunities for Member States:\n• Participate in the ASEAN NTB database\n• Continue efforts to streamline business licensing processes\n\nTrade Facilitation\nOpportunities at the ASEAN Regional Level:\n• Coordinate efforts to streamline regional trade facilitation with closely related efforts to harmonize food safety standards throughout the ASEAN region\n• Continue region-wide harmonization of Customs laws, particularly insofar as they address risk- management in the facilitation of agricultural products\n• Develop and implement an anti-corruption plan specifically applying to cross-border trade of agricultural products\nOpportunities for Member States:\n• Join the Revised Kyoto Convention\n• Promote risk management in border processes\n• Strengthen efforts to address border fraud and informal trade\n• Take serious action against corruption at the border\n• Strengthen National Single Windows and exchange of electronic data through ASW, including health certificates, phytosanitary and veterinary certificates, lab analysis certificates\n\nGender\nOpportunities at the ASEAN Regional Level:\n• Improve and encourage collection and analysis of sex-disaggregated statistics\n• Integrate gender into implementation of all pillars of the ASEAN Community\n• Harness science, technology, and innovations to reduce gender gaps and empower women and girls\n• Create opportunities for regional women’s organizations to share lessons learned\n• Integrate women and women-run small and medium-sized businesses into private sector management and regional supply chains\nOpportunities for Member States:\n• Make sex-disaggregated statistics collection a national priority\n• Integrate gender considerations into national budgets and other matters of public finance\n• Improve access to land titles for women in practice, as well as in theory\n• Encourage women participating in the informal economy to formalize their enterprises\n• Strengthen women’s access to finance at all levels of commerce\n\nTransparency & Accountability\nOpportunities at the ASEAN Regional Level:\n• Set strong examples of transparency in governance of regional institutions\n• Encourage full participation of all Member States in key regional anti corruption initiatives\n• Strive for harmonization of Member State anti-corruption laws\n• Integrate principles of anti-corruption into future editions of AEC Handbook for Business\n• Encourage robust use of the Corporate Governance Scorecard along with the integration of good governance lessons into best practices for governance of all ASEAN enterprises\nOpportunities for Member States:\n• Strengthen domestic systems for transparency and accountability\n• Encourage public dialogue and inquiry into issues of transparency and accountability\n\nFood Security\nOpportunities at the ASEAN Regional Level:\n• Through a variety of approaches, continue to address food availability, affordability, and quality\n• Create an ASEAN farmer’s association to engage in regional dialogue on food security issues and promote national policy advocacy\n• Integrate consideration of gender issues into regional food-security planning\nOpportunities for Member States:\n• Redefine national food security policies to focus equally on improving access, affordability, and distribution, rather than solely on food self-sufficiency\n• Coordinate food security policy-making through appointment of lead agencies to further high- level, inter-ministerial coordination of food security approaches\n• Create national institutions for responding to food-security crises", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://nathaninc.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/RATE_Introduction.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, and Hunting" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Ability to Influence Policy" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Reputation and Credible Convening Power" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment", + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Feed the Future", + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Agriculture and Food Security", + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Micro, Small, or Medium Enterprise", + "Formal Sector", + "Business Association or Cooperative" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Asia" + ], + "Year": "2013" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Tom Ryan", + "Ele Jan Saaf", + "Bassim Abbassi", + "Naser Almanaseer" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Jordan" + ], + "Document ID": "1312-Ryan-JOR", + "Document Title": "End-of-Project Evaluation of the Institutional Support and Strengthening Program (ISSP)", + "Document Summary": "This is a report on the mid-term evaluation of the Institutional Support and Strengthening Program (ISSP) funded by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) Mission in Jordan. It summarizes the results achieved; identifies lessons learned and what factors contributed the most to success and failure; assesses the strengths and weaknesses of program management and administration, and approaches and methods used in engagement with the Government of Jordan (GOJ); and provides recommendations to USAID on how best to improve the impact, sustainability, and cost-effectiveness of similar projects in the future.", + "Key Findings": "Key findings of the evaluation show that the ISSP provided a vision and implementation plan to achieve sector reform and was well received by the sector stakeholders. This vision and implementation plan for the sector addressed the core restructuring and reform activities, such as: the need for legal reforms; the creation of new bodies; the separation of regulation and planning from bulk water delivery and retention; further corporatization of utilities, and transfer of authorities such as licensing of wells. However, the implementation of the core reform agenda has been stalled by political factors and resulting in changes in leadership positions within the Ministry of Water and Irrigation (MWI). Despite this, ISSP has been able to make progress on many other fronts, due to the flexibility inherent in the program, and the competent execution by ISSP management. As a result, ISSP has been able to continually re-assess the situation on the ground and adjust its implementation tasks accordingly. ISSP has been commended for its professionalism, its quality reports and outputs, and its openness and collaborative approach.", + "Key Recommendations": "- The ISSP program has moved the process forward but follow-up is needed to see it through. A more focused program based on the core reform agenda is required for the future, with clear steps and commitments from GOJ before proceeding to the next step.\n- Given that ISSP is not intended as the vehicle to fully implement the reform agenda for the water sector, by way of an exit strategy, ISSP should undertake a detailed forecast/assessment of the resources required to see the reforms through to practical completion, and recommend modalities for how this can be accomplished.\n- ISSP, and USAID, will need to continue to find effective ways to exert influence at the political level.\n- ISSP should explore the benefits (to both sides) of establishing a stronger working relationship with the GiZ Water Program at the Ministry, including co-financing opportunities and the synergies that would result.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.globalwaters.org/resources/assets/end-project-evaluation-institutional-support-and-strengthening-program-issp", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Other" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Ability to Influence Policy" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment", + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Democracy, Human Rights, & Governance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Local Business", + "Formal Sector", + "Micro, Small, or Medium Enterprise" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Middle East" + ], + "Year": "2013" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Feed the Future" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Ethiopia" + ], + "Document ID": "1400-Feed-ETH", + "Document Title": "Feed the Future in Ethiopia ", + "Document Summary": "Feed the Future in Ethiopia summarizes the strategies that the project used while implementing the project and highlights the results and key achievements. Through Feed the Future Project, the United States is supporting Ethiopia's own priorities for agriculture-based economic growth by strengthening strategic crops, agricultural commodities, and livestock value chains, promoting private sector engagement, increasing access to credit, targeting relevant research and development efforts for inputs such as seeds and fertilizers, and improving market access. ", + "Key Findings": "Feed the Future's work in Ethiopia in FY2014 accounts for fact that more than 217,600 farmers and other producers applied new technologies and practices for the first time with Feed the Future's help. Producers also applied improved technologies and management practices on more than 90,800 hectares of land with Feed the Future's help. Feed the Future-supported farmers and producers increased the value of their agricultural product sales by more than $45.6 million while Feed the Future leveraged more than $27.49 million in new private investment in food and agriculture in Ethiopia. The U.S. Government programs reached more than 1.3 million children under 5 across Ethiopia to improve their nutrition.\n\nEthiopia, supported by Feed the Future and private sector partners, introduced the first locally-fortified wheat flour in the country while the program also helped Ethiopia establish its first blended fertilizer production facility and the first camel milk processing center, with demand for additional centers. USAID's Food for Peace environmental rehabilitation activities also restored more than 20,000 hectares of land, which will improve households' resilience to the effects and pressure of climate change. Ethiopia experienced a 40 percent increase in the value of livestock in pastoral dryland areas targeted by Feed the Future livestock value chain programs and partners helped facilitate more than $10 million in private sector investment into pastoralist dryland areas targeted by livestock value chain and other Feed the Future supported programs.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PBAAJ747.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, and Hunting", + "Food & Beverage" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "DuPont Pioneer", + "Guts Agro Industry" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities", + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Advancing Learning and Market Research;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Feed the Future" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Agriculture and Food Security", + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "American Business", + "Formal Sector", + "Large Enterprise", + "Multi-national Business", + "For-profit Commercial Entity" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2014" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "FHI 360" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Burundi", + "Djibouti", + "Kenya", + "Mozambique", + "Rwanda", + "Tanzania", + "Uganda", + "Congo (Kinshasa)", + "Zambia" + ], + "Document ID": "1400-FHI-MLT", + "Document Title": "The Roads to a Healthy Future (Roads II) Project: Final Project Report", + "Document Summary": "This document is a project completion report outlining the details of achievements against the set target goals and objectives in ROADS II, the follow-on to the successful Regional Outreach Addressing AIDS through Development Strategies (ROADS I). The report confirms that the project largely met or exceeded its targets across the program areas and interventions, for both the mobile populations it has served and the interacting local community members adding new interventions to its original programmatic purview. This means it extends the range of health and development services provided, which includes gender-based violence (GBV) prevention, alcohol abuse counseling and support groups, nutritional support to families and individuals through the innovative design and training provision of community gardens and bio-intensive gardens. The project provided economic strengthening through the creation, training, and support of local Group Savings and Loan Associations (GSLAs), a key development model that strengthens the economic resilience of communities, families, and individuals, with savings enabling greater access to health services. The report highlights the \"Cluster Model\" as a key innovation that contributed to an improved quality of life of the cluster members individually and at an organizational level. ", + "Key Findings": "With this case study, we can understand that at the community level, there is great untapped interest in participating in health and development programming and in developing appropriate skills.\nIn addition, in under-served corridor communities, educational and literacy levels are generally low, requiring the development of appropriate tools and materials. Initial community expectation often revolves around ‘hand-outs’; this learning process is continual and requires sensitivity in initial mobilization and sensitization activities. Economic Strengthening programming requires careful planning with other programming components so as to provide consistent messages about expectations from the project. And it is clear that households frequently need ongoing support rather than one-off activities to change behaviors.\n\nRegarding the FP/RH and GBV Program, the study points out that conducting baseline assessments on KAP in the community and facilities prior to program design is critical in addressing/targeting gaps identified thus contributing to effective systems strengthening and use of resources. Recruitment and deployment of dedicated FP/RH Technical Officers ensure effective and efficient implementation of activities and collaboration with partners, MoH, CBOS, NGOs, etc. Availability of basic or adequate equipment, materials and supplies at facilities increases the use and quality of services (feedback from MoH in participating countries).\n\nIn terms of alcohol/substance abuse, the study found that due to the profile of ROADS II sites, brewing and selling local alcohol is a thriving business, and therefore to make ends meet, many low-income women are involved in this business. To address this, project beneficiaries were encouraged to get involved in ROADS II economic strengthening activities which provide three levels of livelihood support; 1) mobilizing financial safety nets through savings (GSLA); 2) maximizing household production; and 3) increasing market readiness. Lastly, facilitating platforms for disparate audiences to meet and discuss difficult, even taboo subjects in a neutral environment can initiate a process of constructive engagement and joint activity, such as bringing together police and female sex workers to discuss issues around GBV. However, building trust for sensitive community dialogue can be time-consuming and requires skilled facilitators.", + "Key Recommendations": "Recommendations\nCross-cutting\n1. There is a need to improve the acquisition and distribution of IEC materials because this plays a significant role in educating and influencing behavior change among the mobile populations.\n2. There is high demand for Alcohol/GBV risk prevention interventions in the community following the mobilization and formation of Community Alcohol Support Groups and task forces. Formation of these groups should therefore be replicated in other ROADS sites and countries.\n\nFP/RH and MNCH\n1. Urgent need to conduct training for FP providers in public and private sectors in sites where FP/RH adoption is slow. This includes the drug shop owners and health care providers in the government-owned health units. There are glaring gaps in the knowledge levels of the providers, especially in the mid and long-term contraceptive methods.\n2. There is an urgent need to improve the infrastructure of health facilities in some sites/countries to improve privacy while conducting FP/GBV services.\n\nEconomic Strengthening\n1. ES programmes should specifically target households with orphans or adopted children living within, as an indicator of vulnerable households, and link any ES intervention to child-level outcomes. OVC household populations could be targeted for sensitization on Economic Strengthening interventions, and then allow self-selection into the intervention by individual households.\n2. GSLA alone cannot be hailed as the single financial service acting as a change agent in the household economy but as a critical starting point for the use of more formal financial services. Whilst accepting the value respondents see in pulling on GSLA resources as a response to seasonal shocks, programs should continue to encourage the use of these resources for productive, more than for consumption uses for loans thereby derived.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00MX6Z.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Energy", + "Transportation and Warehousing", + "Engineering & Construction", + "Business Services", + "Pharmaceuticals", + "Financial Services" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "General Motors", + "Dubai Ports World", + "Unilever", + "SCANAD", + "Mabati Rolling Mills", + "Deloitte and Touché", + "Kemboy & Company Advocates", + "Export Promotion Council of Kenya", + "Value added Africa", + "Voices of Africa", + "CBI Netherlands", + "Vital Voices Global Partnership", + "ExxonMobil Foundation", + "UFTL" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "FHI 360", + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Health" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Multi-national Business", + "For-profit Commercial Entity", + "Large Enterprise", + "American Business", + "Formal Sector", + "Regional Business", + "Micro, Small, or Medium Enterprise" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2014" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Beth Jenkins" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "El Salvador", + "Colombia", + "Peru", + "Ecuador", + "Panama", + "Honduras" + ], + "Document ID": "1400-Jenki-MLT", + "Document Title": "Empowering Small Businesses in Corporate Value Chains: The Case of SABMiller's 4e Camino al Progreso Program", + "Document Summary": "This case study aims to document the 4e Camino al Progreso (4e) program as a new and evolving model and to identify early lessons for SABMiller, MIF, and FUNDES as well as other companies, civil society organizations, donors, and governments interested in empowering small businesses within corporate value chains. While 4e focuses on small retailers, many insights from experience may be equally applicable to programs focused on other small businesses, such as small farmers, other suppliers, and distributors. The case study highlights the importance of empowering individual entrepreneurs and at the same time strengthening the broader business ecosystems in which they operate. The study also highlights the potential for sustainability and scale of the impact associated with embedding such programs within core business operations and at the same time leveraging strategic external partnerships.", + "Key Findings": "There is a need to empower entrepreneurs as individuals and invest in the whole person: entrepreneur, head of household, community reference point and potential leader. We need to understand and work within the entrepreneurs’ incentive structures, leverage relationships of trust, facilitate experiential learning and find an appropriate balance between reach and impact. To strengthen broader business ecosystems, prioritize challenges to address, understand stakeholder incentives and institutional capacity, seek the support of catalysts where necessary to unlock action. Finally, integration with core business operations requires a effort to create measurable value for the business and for society, cultivate country-level ownership with corporate level leadership and support, provide flexibility for countries to customize and build upon the common core program.\n", + "Key Recommendations": "Companies can:\n1. Focus on small businesses that are already part of their value chains or have the potential to become part. \n2. Combine core business operations and corporate social investment.\n3. Identify and enlist champions across the organization.\n4. Set clear objectives both for the number of small businesses to be reached and for the impact to be achieved.\n5. Evaluate the business case, calculating financial returns on investment wherever possible in addition to capturing other non-financial benefits.\n6. Concentrate on understanding and measuring\ndevelopment impact.\n7. Prioritize opportunities to partner.\n\nPublic and private donors can:\n1. Invest in strengthening the capacity of small business support service providers\n2. Catalyze programs with potential for sustainability and scale.\n3. Fund experimentation with technology-based delivery of small business support services.\n4. Advocate with governments.\n5. Use convening power to help bring additional partners to the table, where useful to expand a program’s reach and impact - directly and through demonstration effects.\n\nGovernments can:\n1. Strengthen the enabling environment for small businesses through policies and programs.\n2. Ensure that publicly-funded small business support services respond to market needs.\n3. Engage with large domestic and foreign companies to explore opportunities for collaboration to strengthen small businesses and capitalize on existing and potential value chain linkages.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.hks.harvard.edu/sites/default/files/centers/mrcbg/programs/cri/files/CSRI-BFP%2BReport4e%2BProgram.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Financial Services", + "Food & Beverage" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "SABMiller", + "Banco Agrícola", + "FENALCO" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Ability to Influence Policy" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge", + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments", + "Reputation and Credible Convening Power" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;", + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Advancing Learning and Market Research;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Business Fights Poverty", + "CSR Initiative at the Harvard Kennedy School" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Multi-national Business", + "For-profit Commercial Entity", + "Large Enterprise", + "Formal Sector", + "Business Association or Cooperative", + "Local Business" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Latin America and the Carribean" + ], + "Year": "2014" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Ong-orn Prasarnphanich", + "Helene Berton", + "Peter Manfield", + "Guido Govoni", + "Philippe Ankers", + "Peter Throne", + "David Hadrill", + "David Ward", + "Simon Mack", + "Yacob Aklilu", + "Andy Catley", + "Cathy Watson" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Sudan", + "India", + "Kenya", + "Mali", + "Pakistan", + "Bangladesh", + "Burma", + "Bolivia" + ], + "Document ID": "1400-LEGS-MLT", + "Document Title": "Livestock Emergency Guidelines and Standards (LEGS) ", + "Key Findings": "The LEGS process grew out of the recognition that livestock are a crucial livelihood asset for people throughout the world – many of whom are poor and vulnerable to both natural and human-induced disasters – and that livestock support is an important component of emergency aid programmes. Taking a livelihoods perspective in emergency response highlights the need to develop close links between relief and development; for example, through emergency preparedness and post-emergency rehabilitation. Some donors and NGOs are moving towards more holistic programming, and new approaches are evolving. Examples are large-scale social protection systems for pastoralists, and insurance schemes to protect farmers and livestock keepers from weather hazards. By harmonizing relief and development programming, development professionals can help their clients become more resilient to disasters. LEGS’s key focus is to improve the quality of humanitarian interventions. However, the vulnerability of livestock keepers to disaster is determined by a range of socio-economic, political, environmental, and demographic factors, and humanitarian work cannot ignore these issues nor the need to link itself with development and with long-term policy changes to reduce vulnerability. Humanitarian work must also take account of the future possible impacts of climate change on livestock keepers, including increased risks of disasters.", + "Key Recommendations": "Key guidance notes from the LEGS include: \n\n1. Preventive veterinary care: Prior to distribution, animals should be vaccinated, dewormed, and receive other preventive animal health care depending on the local disease situation. In most cases this service is provided as a single input, free of charge.\n\n2. Long-term veterinary care: Beneficiary communities should have continued access to animal health-care services, both preventive and curative, according to the standards and guidelines set out in Chapter 5 (Veterinary support). A system for continuing care should be established at the time the livestock are distributed to ensure they receive the treatment they need. This long-term care system may also provide an opportunity to collect monitoring and evaluation data.\n\n3. Training and capacity building: Communities targeted for replacing livelihood-generating livestock or else providing livestock as a new livelihood activity may have limited husbandry knowledge, or the knowledge may have been lost if the emergency has endured over a long period. In such cases, the provision of livestock should be accompanied by adequate capacity building in the care and management of the animals in order to ensure that the stock survive, are well cared for, and can provide a useful contribution to post-emergency livelihoods. Training and/or providing information on the market economy may also be useful to secure livestock-based livelihoods in the longer term.\n\n4. Preparedness for future emergencies: In communities without\nsignificant livestock management experience, it is important to develop preparedness skills to minimize the risk of losing animals in future events.\n\n5. Food security support: The food security needs of beneficiary households should be assessed, and additional support provided until the livestock become fully productive.\n\n6. Shelter and non-food support: Families receiving livestock may require shelter, basic household utensils, bedding, water containers, and livestock-related equipment such as carts, harnesses, and ploughs. Without this support, they may be forced to sell livestock. The use of cash or voucher mechanisms may also be considered for this support.\n\n7. Withdrawal of food security support: Recipients should receive food security assistance until livestock and/or other livelihood activities can provide enough support. This avoids early and non-sustainable offtake of livestock. A well-designed participatory monitoring system can include measures of herd growth and other livelihood-based indicators to determine the best time to withdraw food aid.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.livestock-emergency.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/LEGS-Handbook-2nd-edition-web-version-1.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Transportation and Warehousing", + "Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, and Hunting" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Livestock Emergency Guidelines and Standards Project", + "Practical Action Publishing" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Conflict", + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Agriculture and Food Security", + "Humanitarian Assistance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Industry Publication", + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2014" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Chawapich Vaidhayakarn", + "Somsak Soonthornnawaphat" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Thailand" + ], + "Document ID": "1400-Vaidh-THA", + "Document Title": "Payment for Ecosystem Services: Pilot Implementation in Mae Sa-Kog Ma Man and Biosphere Reserve", + "Document Summary": "This case study report provides the details of a pilot scheme of Payment for Ecosystem Services (PES) in the Mae Sa-Kog Ma UNESCO Man and Biosphere Reserve site in Chiang Mai Province, Thailand covering the key feature of PES, its pilot objectives, target communities, and ecosystem services, step forwards for the implementation of PES pilot project, implementation challenges, and expected outcomes. \n\nPilot PES in Thailand is being implemented to achieve USAID LEAF’s objectives which will lead to the participation of government officials, the private sector, and local communities to manage ecosystems and natural resources by providing a payment incentive under the management of an established pilot PES mechanism to local communities to protect ecosystem services. This will create an innovative alternative that benefits all key stakeholders involved in natural resource management efforts.", + "Key Findings": "Expected outcomes of pilot PES implementation: Pilot PES implementation in MSKM-MAB is expected to establish a system of PES innovation by incorporating engagement with local communities, the private sector and government to develop a transparent pilot payment scheme that ensures equality in benefit sharing from ecosystem services such as watershed regulation, aesthetic and recreation, and carbon sequestration to mitigate climate change, to both providers and beneficiaries.\n\nLocal communities are expected to gain livelihood benefits from payment allocation or support activities identified in the pilot scheme. Lessons learned and policy recommendations will enable a legal framework to support long term implementation. Scaling up of PES innovation will also benefit other countries in Southeast Asia, such as Laos, through study tour exchanges and sharing lessons learned via the regional platform.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00KX8G.pdf", + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID LEAF", + "Winrock International (WI)", + "Smart Development Works (SNV)", + "Climate Focus", + "The Center for People and Forests (RECOFTC)" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Environment/Climate Change" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Asia" + ], + "Year": "2014" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Sarah Bailey" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Haiti" + ], + "Document ID": "1401-BAILE-HTI", + "Document Title": "Humanitarian crises, emergency preparedness and response: the role of business and the private sector", + "Key Findings": "Mutual benefits, favorable organizational culture and preparedness and early action all facilitated private sector and humanitarian engagement in Haiti. Cash transfer programming proved fertile ground for collaboration because banks and mobile phone companies had commercial incentives to facilitate payments and aid agencies needed safe, accountable and wide-reaching cash and voucher distribution channels. Recent experience in Haiti shows that humanitarian and private sector engagement offers the potential for increasing financial resources, accessing technical capacity, and supporting the local economy. Relations between humanitarian agencies and businesses in Haiti are surrounded by a cloud of mistrust. There are some valid reasons for this– imported goods, distributions, and free services by aid agencies have damaged local businesses, and the private sector is poorly regulated with a small number of very powerful players.\n\n", + "Key Recommendations": "Practical opportunities for furthering humanitarian and private sector engagement in Haiti include:\n\n• Support disaster preparedness and response measures with mobile network operators, with a view to promoting a more effective and coordinated approach to using mobile platforms in disaster response.\n\n• Increase cash-based responses and work with the government, financial service providers, mobile phone companies and aid agencies to develop a\ncontingency plan for providing cash transfers at scale in future disaster responses.\n\n• Promote local procurement by aid agencies and facilitate the inclusion of small and medium-sized enterprises.\n\n• Consider identifying/establishing platforms for humanitarian and private sector engagement, in order to share lessons and experiences and to\nidentify opportunities for collaboration.\n\n• Support disaster preparedness initiatives and education in private schools.\n\n• Adopt a ‘do no harm’ approach to the impact of humanitarian interventions on the local economy, supporting the local economy to the extent possible and recognising and minimising negative impacts.\n\n• Undertake research on the impact of humanitarian and private sector engagement on the effectiveness and efficiency of humanitarian response.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.unocha.org/sites/unocha/files/HAITI%20case%20study%20FINAL.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Financial Services", + "Telecommunications" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "MasterCard", + "Zynga", + "UPS", + "TNT", + "Trilogy International Partners", + "Voila", + "Intel", + "Cisco", + "Microsoft", + "Sogexpress", + "Fonkoze", + "Scotiabank", + "Unibank", + "Transversal", + "Digicel" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness", + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "OCHA", + "Vantage Partners", + "Humanitarian Futures Programme", + "Humanitarian Policy Group (HPG)", + "UKAID" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Humanitarian Assistance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "USAID Region": [ + "Latin America and the Carribean" + ], + "Year": "2014" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Nicholas Crawford", + "Jim Drummond" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Kenya" + ], + "Document ID": "1401-DRUMM-KEN", + "Document Title": "Humanitarian crises, emergency preparedness and response: the role of business and the private sector. Kenya case study.", + "Key Findings": "Looking ahead, if Kenya is to cut dependence on food assistance and reduce and manage its own humanitarian crises, a number of changes are needed, including a more prominent role for the private sector in preparedness and response. Taking greater national responsibility for humanitarian challenges will require a capacity to raise more resources domestically or through borrowing internationally; an improved transport system that allows the private sector to deliver relief items rapidly; more integrated and resilient markets in drought-prone areas; a capacity to transfer cash to crisis-affected people so that they can make use of those markets; a middle class educated on humanitarian issues and willing to contribute and hold their government to account; and a government that plans with the private and NGO sectors, taking advice on international best practice. Some of these points feature in the EDES. Overall, Kenya is making good progress in some areas, but there are uncertainties in others, particularly over the role of the government.", + "Key Recommendations": "If Kenya is to take greater responsibility for managing larger humanitarian crises, it will be crucial to encourage markets to function during droughts and to explore new ways to transfer resources to people made vulnerable by crises. Donors are supporting a wide range of experiments in these areas, and these should continue, coordinated by the government in close cooperation with the private sector and international donors. More broadly, significant new investment in the ASALs (e.g. by foreign oil companies), and new water and transport links) means that humanitarian actors will need to engage large private sector investors to sensitise them to humanitarian issues and build the relationships that will be needed in a crisis. Large agencies such as the World Food Programme should engage more closely with transport planners to ensure that their concerns are taken into account as new infrastructure is planned. As transport efficiency improves there will be more opportunities for the purchase of humanitarian supplies in the region. This merits separate study.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.unocha.org/sites/unocha/files/KENYA%20case%20study%20FINAL.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Telecommunications", + "Financial Services" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Flexibility and Pace", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;", + "Advancing Learning and Market Research;", + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Humanitarian Policy Group (HPG)", + "OCHA", + "Vantage Partners", + "Humanitarian Futures Programme", + "UKAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Conflict" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Humanitarian Assistance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2014" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "International Business & Technical Consultants Inc. (IBTCI)" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Uganda" + ], + "Document ID": "1401-IBTCI-UGA", + "Document Title": "Performance Evaluation of the Uganda Capacity Program", + "Document Summary": "This performance evaluation report of the USAID/Uganda Capacity Program (UCP) establishes the effectiveness of the interventions of the program focusing on rolling out and bringing to scale human resources for health (HRH) interventions initiated by the previous Capacity Project to the district-level and consolidating HRH systems to sustain HRH initiatives. This report highlights the evaluation team’s findings and recommendations. ", + "Key Findings": "The report highlights that the UCP Program is an ambitious venture that effectively increased national and district HRH policy and planning capacity and galvanized a wide range of stakeholders from the public and private sectors and the donor community to collaborate in rolling out new HRH systems and policies nationally. Together, UCP and MOH mounted outstanding advocacy and lobbying effort to address a well-documented shortage of health workers in the country, resulting in the allocation of substantial funding to recruit and deploy more than 7,000 health workers across the country, and contributing considerably to reducing national health worker shortages. Some central-level managers and district-level units lack the necessary capacity to use and sustain the HRIS system for planning, decision making, and reporting due to structural and motivational issues. Performance management fits well within the UCP’s HRH strategic focus and was an identified priority by stakeholders. ", + "Key Recommendations": "At the Technical Level (USAID and UCP)\n- Review, reduce and rationalize the intervention mix to focus on those most essential to reinforce the capacity of MOH and districts to lead, prioritize, monitor, and be accountable for national HRH functions.\n- Expand use of the extensive HRIS data to advance workforce analyses and projections to include but not be limited to analysis of disaggregated data to advance health workforce planning.\n\nAt the Policy Level (USAID and GOU)\n- Enhance engagement of multiple stakeholders, and create strategic alliances, including public-private partnerships with non-traditional partners such as businesses and electrical and Internet companies to strengthen the sustainability of HRIS.\n- Reinvigorate stakeholder ownership to review, strengthen, and upgrade pre-service nursing and midwifery education to ensure that the country produces the number and quality of nurses and midwives needed to meet national health priorities, especially reduced maternal mortality.\n- Negotiate a plan between GOU, multilateral stakeholders, and the private sector to continue to strengthen HRH policy, planning, systems development, and continuity with clearly defined activities and dates for a full handover of all functions to the government, and explore opportunities to setting up a public-private venture for establishing a National Health Leadership, Management and Professional Development Institute.\n", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00JRCP.pdf", + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Efficiency and Effectiveness", + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Ability to Influence Policy" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships", + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Health" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2014" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Bjorn-Ola Linner", + "Mattias Hjerpe", + "Naghmeh Nasiritousi" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global", + "South Africa", + "Qatar" + ], + "Document ID": "1401-Nasir-GLO-pr", + "Document Title": "The Roles of Non-State Actors in Climate Change Governance: Understanding Agency Through Governance Profiles", + "Document Summary": "This paper examines the non-state actors involved in global climate governance focusing mainly on whether and how non-state actors can influence states. Using unique survey material from two climate change conferences, this paper proposes that different categories of non-state actors have distinct governance profiles. It further suggests that the different governance profiles are derived from particular power sources and that agency is a function of these profiles. The study thereby contributes to a strand in the literature focusing on the authority of non-state actors in climate governance and broadens the methodological toolkit for studying the ‘‘governors’’ of global governance.", + "Key Findings": "The findings on the governance profiles show that certain activities are strongly associated with one particular non-state actor category, such as raising awareness (ENGOs 73 %), providing expertise (RINGOs 67 %), and representing marginalized voices (IPO 60 %). The results also show that no single category of non-state actors is strong across all governance activities. This indicates that there is room for cooperation across the categories to achieve greater impact across the policy spectrum. The trend toward partnerships in climate governance may reflect this insight. ", + "Key Recommendations": "The paper also has implications for the future research agenda. While the questionnaire methodology provides a means to map perceptions of roles, more qualitative methods are likely to be needed to examine the link between power sources, governance profiles, and agency more closely, and to move beyond aggregate categories of governance activities in order to provide more fine-tuned insights on agency in particular contexts. Future studies can build on the results presented in this paper to explore what different governance activities among groups of non-state actors say about how agency shifts over time and what this means for governance outcomes in terms of efficiency and democratic legitimacy. A multitude of methodologies is therefore called for to examine questions of agency, legitimacy, and authority in global governance. This paper has provided a tentative model to inspire new research in this area.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10784-014-9243-8", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Other" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Ability to Influence Policy", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Advancing Learning and Market Research;", + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Springer Science+Business Media" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Democracy, Human Rights, & Governance", + "Environment/Climate Change" + ], + "Type of Document": "Peer-reviewed article or other research report", + "USAID Region": [ + "Global", + "Africa", + "Middle East" + ], + "Year": "2014" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Anthony Ortiz", + "Christabel Dadzie", + "Sonali Chowdhury", + "Foyzul Bari Himel" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Bangladesh" + ], + "Document ID": "1401-Ortiz-BGD", + "Document Title": "Poverty Reduction by Increasing the Competitiveness of Enterprises (PRICE) Final Performance Evaluation Final Report", + "Document Summary": "This report assesses the effectiveness of the Poverty Reduction by Increasing the Competitiveness of Enterprises (PRICE) project in achieving its program objectives, evaluates any constraints to achieving expected results, and provides recommendations and lessons learned for future private-sector competitiveness and value chain development programs. ", + "Key Findings": "In the horticulture sector, PRICE succeeded in job creation; however, while job creation exceeded its Life of Project (LoP) targets, this success is a result of seasonal labor among horticulture farmers. PRICE interventions in the horticulture sector did not regularly create full-time jobs for women. Due to cultural and social limitations, women were only moderately empowered in decision-making about agricultural inputs and production.\n\nPRICE training increased women’s technical skills in horticulture and aquaculture production, specifically at the homestead level, which increased family incomes. PRICE interventions strengthened capacity among aquaculture value-chain actors and for business membership organizations (BMOs) to carry out interventions to resolve sector constraints following project completion. Through PRICE SME initiatives, SMEs were able to gain access to markets, financial services, and training; the aggregation of SMEs into the Leather Technology Small Entrepreneurs Association (LTSE) served as the most valuable SME development initiative.", + "Key Recommendations": "- Given the low domestic demand for horticulture products, USAID should emphasize linking horticulture producers with international exporting processors.\n- Agricultural loans should also facilitate sustainable credit practices through support that identifies and develops business models to provide adequate training and knowledge among beneficiaries.\n- USAID needs to examine how to apply the COEL job creation model in other sectors, as COEL contributed to women’s empowerment and strengthened job creation for women.\n- In the leather sector, future projects should assist large manufacturers in finding price-competitive international markets.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00JTTP.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, and Hunting", + "Retail", + "Processing & Manufacturing" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Ability to Influence Policy" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Risk-Mitigation and Flexible Authorities" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "For-profit approach that generates sustainable income", + "Formal Sector", + "Micro, Small, or Medium Enterprise", + "Local Business" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Asia" + ], + "Year": "2014" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "James White", + "Daniel Ngowi", + "Matthew Kukla", + "Avril Kaplan", + "Josef Tayag", + "Thierry van Bastelaer", + "Stephen Musau", + "Rebecca Patsika" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Tanzania" + ], + "Document ID": "1401-White-TZA", + "Document Title": "Health Care Financing Strategy Options Paper: Options for Expanding Private Sector Contributions to Health", + "Document Summary": "The Government of Tanzania has developed a number of guiding health policies, strategies, and legislation that support an increased private sector role in the health system through PPP or direct private sector investment. This paper presents options to improve the implementation of these policies, strategies, and legislation aimed at enhancing private sector contributions to health. They include establishing and strengthening institutions and processes for PPP dialogue, involving the PMO-RALG in key MOHSW initiatives, strengthening the capacity of the MOHSW PPP unit, and PPP-TWG focusing efforts to improve communication of PPP strategies and priorities to all levels of the health system. ", + "Key Findings": "The paper offers a number of options the GOT can pursue in strengthening private sector contributions toward Tanzania’s health system. These efforts all require effective planning, open and transparent multi-sectoral dialogue, and careful monitoring of impacts and outcomes. The conducive national policy environment in Tanzania’s health sector has set a stage for improved public-private partnerships as well as private investments in health to expand fiscal space and enhance service delivery. However, there is a need for continual development of Local Government Authorities (LGAs’) capacity to engage with the private sector, and the need to develop ever more sophisticated and mature mechanisms to finance investments for improved service delivery in health. In terms of PPPs for health, Tanzania is a regional leader, with existing expertise and experience that can be drawn upon as part of the Health Financing Strategy (HFS) reform. ", + "Key Recommendations": "This paper presents various options and considerations on PPPs as well as providing the GOT with strategies to improve the utility, cost-effectiveness, and resource mobilization of public funds for private health sector engagement. Through effective dialogue, a commitment to mutual benefit, an improved understanding of the PPP mechanism, and careful application with effective monitoring the GOT can significantly improve health outcomes as part of the reformed HFS.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00JW6V.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Health Care" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments", + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge", + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;", + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Health" + ], + "Type of Document": "Peer-reviewed article or other research report", + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2014" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Innovation Consulting Private Limited" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Bangladesh" + ], + "Document ID": "1401-Winro-BGD", + "Document Title": "Study Report on Selection and Analysis of Value Chains (Final) for Southwest Region: USAID's Climate Resilient Ecosystems and Livelihoods (CREL)", + "Document Summary": "This report intends to identify and analyze value chains in the USAlD Bangladesh's Climate Resilient Ecosystems and Livelihoods (CREL) Project areas to come up with strategies and interventions to ensure sustainable livelihoods for the project beneficiaries of the southwest region that lead to reduced pressure on natural resources. The selected value chain analysis covers end market analysis, value chain mapping, constraints and opportunities analysis, and strategies to address the constraints and utilize the opportunities. ", + "Key Findings": "The report highlights that the major constraints associated with Tilapia value chain include the lack of knowledge and access of farmers about using proper inputs and cultivation techniques. Some of the major constraints identified in the vegetable value chain include the lack of knowledge of farmers about using proper inputs and cultivation techniques. Some of the constraints in the sunflower value chain include the unavailability of quality seeds, lack of knowledge of proper cultivation techniques, unwillingness to produce sunflower commercially, rigidity to grow traditional crops only, weak linkage between value chain actors. ", + "Key Recommendations": "Intervention 1: Facilitate the linkage between input companies (seed, fertilizer, chemical) and input retailers in these regions to help them market quality inputs\n\nIntervention 2: Create service provider (seed retailers) to ensure information flow to the vegetable farmers\n\nIntervention 3: Provide trainings and set up demonstrations to showcase better cultivation practices\n\nIntervention 4: Facilitate linkage between farmers and traders by encouraging Farias for vegetable collection from farmers", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00KJFP.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, and Hunting" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships", + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Winrock International (WI)", + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Environment/Climate Change" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Large Enterprise" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Asia" + ], + "Year": "2014" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Justin Armstrong", + "Steven A. Zyck" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Jordan" + ], + "Document ID": "1401-ZYCK-JOR", + "Document Title": "Humanitarian crises, emergency preparedness and response: the role of business and the private sector, Jordan case study", + "Key Findings": "Despite many of the challenges noted above and some of the evident risks involved in humanitarian–private sector collaboration, there is significant scope in Jordan for involving businesses in supporting aid agency efforts in a number of ways. With a comparatively developed private sector, strong infrastructure, capable medical, ICT and banking sectors, a high degree of stability and a predominantly urban refugee population, Jordan could be seen as an optimal location for developing and testing collaborations among businesses and aid agencies. There is significant potential to take advantage of opportunities to pilot, monitor and study various forms of humanitarian–private sector engagement with a view to scaling them up in Jordan, Lebanon and elsewhere. Humanitarian and development actors alike felt that there is a crucial opportunity to attempt innovative models in Jordan in order to identify what works and what does not, so that international stakeholders have a useful blueprint from which to operate regionally and, potentially, in future humanitarian, recovery and development operations in neighbouring Syria.", + "Key Recommendations": "Overarching recommendations include: \n\n1. Help the private sector (and others) understand the international humanitarian system\n2. Raise awareness regarding one another’s capabilities and needs through short-term personnel exchanges\n3. Organise a sub-regional humanitarian affairs forum to feature private sector capabilities and offerings\n4. Engage local suppliers by making procurement plans, current and future, easier to access\n5. Review and rationalise procedures, within the UN or among IASC members, to enable better relations with the business community\n\nStrategic, specific recommendations are: \n\n1. Allow refugees to meet their needs on local markets where feasible\n2. Scale back restrictions on where refugees can use e-vouchers and other cash instruments\n3. More broadly, rationalise cash programming to stem the fragmentation of models\n4. Engage private schools in providing education services to Syrian refugees\n5. Expand fee-for-service healthcare as a de facto public–private partnership", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.unocha.org/sites/unocha/files/JORDAN%20case%20study%20FINAL.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Financial Services", + "Telecommunications", + "Food & Beverage" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Ahli Bank", + "MasterCard" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;", + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Overseas Development Institute", + "OCHA", + "Vantage Partners", + "Humanitarian Futures Programme", + "Humanitarian Policy Group (HPG)", + "UKAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Conflict" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Humanitarian Assistance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Multi-national Business" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Middle East" + ], + "Year": "2014" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Chemonics International" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Albania" + ], + "Document ID": "1402-Chemo-ALB", + "Document Title": "Rritje Albania Competitive Enterprise Development Project", + "Document Summary": "This report is an assessment of the effectiveness of the Competitive Enterprise Development (Rritje Albania) project in Albania. The report highlights the successes and learning from the project. Accordingly, the report shows that the Rritje project is well run and has achieved most of its qualitative and quantitative objectives. The project’s emphasis and intervention logic have changed over time, and its indicators have changed somewhat. In particular, after an interim evaluation, the project was refocused to emphasize Meso-level interventions more as opposed to its initial exclusive emphasis on company-level interventions. ", + "Key Findings": "The project achieved all of its qualitative objectives. The quantitative objectives were focused on sales and job growth in areas of trade and investment and private sector productivity improvement. \n\nThe project consistently met its quantitative targets apart from the first year. Sales trajectory is likely to be positive for the sectors considered, footwear, garment, tourism and IT, but job growth will most likely be slower due to greater use of technology in the first three sectors mentioned.", + "Key Recommendations": "1. Regional projects:\n- Regional university project to strengthen career based education\n- Regional tourism project to further develop regional tourism based on the National Geographic success of Rritje Albania.\n- Regional association project for selected industries to train associations, discuss common issues and find common solutions.\n\n2. Albania-focused:\n- Tourism project supporting both government and tourist associations developing their structure and skills and developing a detailed national tourism strategy for the next five years.\n-Additional marketing and advanced manufacturing for key industries.\n- Local university support project to increase career-based education, develop curricula to reflect demand for graduates and develop international collaboration to increase research.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00JQTX.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Hospitality/Tourism", + "Technology", + "Other" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Ability to Influence Policy", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Risk-Mitigation and Flexible Authorities", + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "For-profit approach that generates sustainable income", + "Local Business", + "Formal Sector" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Europe and Eurasia" + ], + "Year": "2014" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Lindsay Clinton", + "Ryan Whisnant" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "1402-Clint-MLT", + "Document Title": "Model Behavior: 20 Business Model Innovations for Sustainability", + "Document Summary": "This report sheds light on sustainability-related business model innovations. The report sets out to better understand which new business models are emerging, where innovation is happening, and how both new and established companies are experimenting to embed sustainability into the underlying structure of their businesses. From the research and review of 87 company examples, this paper identifies 20 distinct business models. It offers a closer look at what’s occurring in each of these models to produce more sustainable outcomes. ", + "Key Findings": "Every exchange in a value chain provides opportunities for innovation and impact. Companies that have demonstrated a business model innovation have often done so by shifting incentives in the value chain. The largest companies tend not to be the source of new models, but they can help evolve and scale them. Lastly, business model innovation doesn’t happen in a vacuum.", + "Key Recommendations": "1. Don’t be afraid to question existing models. The first step in building something new is having the courage to examine the current model—as business model thinker Patrick Stähler puts it, getting “all the tacit and unspoken assumptions on the table.” Challenging the dominant logic may, in fact, be the most difficult step, but it’s the only way to move towards identifying new options.\n\n2. Be willing to try something new. If companies are best at maintaining what they already do, recognize that any true business model innovation will require building new skills and applying different capabilities. Innovators should be willing to let go of what made them successful in the past. Some experts recommend taking a “portfolio approach,” maintaining focus on what’s worked before, but dedicating some percentage of resources towards development of entirely new business models.\n\n3. Establish and protect an innovation culture. For business model innovation to succeed, some level of cultural support must be present within the company, or at least within a team responsible for innovation. This includes, but is not limited to, a mission and/ or goals that promote the pursuit of innovative business models; the right management structure allowing for discussion and connection around innovation; incentives for identifying and cultivating breakthrough innovation; and an entrepreneurial mindset, with the ability to prototype, experiment, fail fast, and learn (as with the “lean startup” model).\n", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.peterfisk.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/20-Sustainable-Business-Model-Innovations.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Processing & Manufacturing", + "Energy", + "Retail", + "Food & Beverage", + "Transportation and Warehousing", + "Financial Services", + "Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, and Hunting", + "Fast Moving Consumer Goods", + "Telecommunications", + "Pharmaceuticals", + "Health Care", + "Aerospace and Defense" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Zilok", + "Zipcar", + "RelayRides", + "ParkatmyHouse", + "AirBnB", + "Fon", + "Xerox", + "Rolls Royce plc", + "re.source", + "Hilti", + "Recyclebank", + "Opower", + "Tesla", + "Safaricom", + "OneMorePallet", + "ezetop", + "ITC e-Choupal", + "Unilever", + "SC Johnson", + "Hapinoy", + "Fan Milk Limited", + "Jamii Bora Bank", + "Equitas", + "WaterCredit", + "Novo Nordisk", + "Aravind Eye Care System", + "Narayana Health", + "MicroEnsure", + "CEMEX's Patrimonio Hoy", + "Novartis' Arogya Parivar", + "Blissmobox", + "Better Place", + "Social Finance/Collective Health", + "Goldman Sachs", + "Johnson & Johnson", + "SunEdison", + "Simpa Networks", + "TextNow", + "SolarCity", + "FreedomPop", + "Mosaic", + "Kickstarter", + "Fundly", + "Community Sourced Capital", + "Sylva Foods", + "Walmart", + "Vancity", + "Tanzania Freight Forwarders Association", + "John Lewis Partnership", + "The Co-operative Group", + "Ocean Spray", + "Amul", + "TOMS Shoes", + "SoapBox Soaps", + "2 Degrees", + "Rubies in the Rubble", + "Lehigh Technologies", + "Knowaste", + "Waste Management", + "Walkers", + "Threadless", + "LEGO CUUSOO", + "Warby Parker", + "SPUD (Sustainable Produce Urban Delivery)", + "FreshDirect", + "Bonobos", + "Sungevity", + "Interface", + "Novelis" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments", + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "SustainAbility" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "Industry Publication", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "For-profit approach that generates sustainable income", + "Multi-national Business", + "Formal Sector", + "Large Enterprise", + "American Business", + "Financial Institution, Investors, and Intermediaries", + "Business Association or Cooperative", + "Local Business", + "Micro, Small, or Medium Enterprise", + "Regional Business" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2014" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Svetlana Negroustoueva", + "Joseph Mutunga", + "Njeri Kagondu" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Kenya" + ], + "Document ID": "1402-Negro-KEN", + "Document Title": "Capacity Kenya End of Project Evaluation: Final Report", + "Document Summary": "The end-of-project evaluation of the Capacity Kenya Project (CKP) report sheds light on the successes and lessons learned from the implementation of the CKP as well as discerns new approaches to enhance the effectiveness of the human resources for health (HRH) follow-on program. The report highlights that the CKP has been successful in achieving the vast majority of specific project objectives set forth by OPH and most key performance indicators as outlined in the 2013 PMP. While mentioned in an exhaustive list of outcomes, strategic and effective engagement with the private sector was limited.", + "Key Findings": "This evaluation points to the following key lessons learned should be considered in the future project design:\n• The importance in formalizing agreements with the government and other relevant stakeholder. \n• The importance of paying careful attention to basic issues such computer skills and connectivity with ICT-driven interventions. \n• The need to consider simple and low-resource interventions that can yield high impact results. \n• The critical role of an effective monitoring and evaluation framework which would be able to measure project outcomes and impacts. Additionally, focus on SMART indicators, which would\nallow for monitoring of project achievement in a comprehensive way.", + "Key Recommendations": "Several key recommendations relate to gaps in HRH programming, in light of existing projects like FUNZO and LMS:\n Focus on TA and ICT driven programming with a significant training component;\n Use multi-sectoral approach to address HRH and HRD issues, for example;\n Use good practices like RHP recruitment, occupational safety, and work environment interventions (should be picked up by the GoK and/or scaled-up);\n Develop increased knowledge management among development partners, with the provision of documentation detailing support provided by partners to facilitate gap analysis and data use for project design;\n Additional effort toward fostering positive coordination and collaboration between MoH HQ and health teams at the county levels (leadership, coaching, conflict resolution, team building, etc.)\n Strategically coordinate and help private, public and FBO sectors liaise, and exchange experiences. Engage private sector purposefully, based on evidence and their motives, i.e. for strategic advising, training, etc.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00JRD2.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Business Services" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Deloitte", + "Training Resources Group (TRG)" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment", + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Health" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Large Enterprise", + "American Business", + "Multi-national Business", + "For-profit Commercial Entity" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2014" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Trace Gale", + "Ashley Schroeder", + "Lori Pennington-Gray" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Chile" + ], + "Document ID": "1402-PENNI-CHL-pr", + "Document Title": "Co-management as a Framework for the Development of a Tourism Area Response Network in the Rural Community of Curanipe, Maule Region, Chile", + "Key Findings": "This paper has attempted to extend the theory of co-management into the area of tourism crisis management, using its principles to help inform a framework for developing a TARN in a rural community in Chile. It provides a starting point for both academics and practitioners interested in developing collaborative approaches for crisis management in the field.", + "Key Recommendations": "It is essential that the TARN be supported by a sound academic research connecting the framework with case studies globally. This type of interconnection between research and application is crucial as we seek solutions to crisis management and disaster planning; not only in Chile, but all around the world. Sound academic research will allow these disparate destinations to identify, measure, and share the common elements for success, avoid\nthe common pitfalls, and “discover” the unique elements of their particular geographies and cultural contexts, such as models of financial support, leadership styles, commitment within the group, trust, etc. Thus, research and documentation of differences in global models will allow for a record of best practices to be made available for destinations, particularly those in the early decision-making stages.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/21568316.2014.890124", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Hospitality/Tourism" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Tourism Planning & Development" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Humanitarian Assistance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Peer-reviewed article or other research report", + "USAID Region": [ + "Latin America and the Carribean" + ], + "Year": "2014" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Karin Kreutzer", + "Dominik Rueede" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global", + "Iran", + "United Arab Emirates", + "Panama", + "Singapore" + ], + "Document ID": "1402-Rueed-GLO-pr", + "Document Title": "Legitimation Work Within a Cross-Sector Social Partnership", + "Key Findings": "We identified legitimation work as occurring across objects, audiences, and time. Thus, we introduce legitimation work as the purposeful effort of the legitimacy seeker to avoid certain issues while ensuring other issues that are of importance to the conferrer of legitimacy. These findings contribute to micro-level considerations within institutional theory which view legitimacy as socially constructed between legitimacy seeker and conferrer. Hence, we add another perspective on legitimation to the previously existing conceptualizations of legitimacy as a deterministic consequence of institutionalization.", + "Key Recommendations": "Further investigations are necessary to sharpen our understanding of legitimation work. Possible research questions include whether the two dimensions of legitimation work, namely avoiding and ensuring, are substitutes, mutually enforcing, additive, or independent from each other. In connection to that, another question is whether the dimensions constitute necessary or sufficient aspects of legitimation work.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-014-2072-4", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Transportation and Warehousing", + "Business Services" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Deutsche Post DHL" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Reputation and Credible Convening Power" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;", + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Journal of Business Ethics" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Humanitarian Assistance", + "Democracy, Human Rights, & Governance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Peer-reviewed article or other research report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "For-profit Commercial Entity", + "Large Enterprise", + "Formal Sector", + "Multi-national Business" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Global", + "Middle East", + "Asia", + "Latin America and the Carribean" + ], + "Year": "2014" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Strengthening Health Outcomes through the Private Sector (SHOPS)" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Côte d’Ivoire" + ], + "Document ID": "1402-SHOPS-CIV", + "Document Title": "The Private Sector’s Role in Providing HIV Services in Ivory Coast", + "Document Summary": "This report sheds light on the importance of public and private partnerships throughout sub-Saharan and the Ivory Coast in the HIV response. It highlights that approximately half of the facilities in the Ivory Coast are for-profit. Thus, the private sector is a key partner that the government can tap into to make the country’s HIV response more sustainable. Further, using the national health accounts (NHA) and HIV subaccounts methodologies, the SHOPS project tracked data on how HIV funds flow through Ivory Coast’s health system and identify implications for how donors and the government can better work with the private health sector. ", + "Key Findings": "The report highlights the policy and program implications of out-of-pocket payments for general health, which is significant—66 percent of total health expenditures. However, out-of-pocket payments by people living with HIV account for only 3 percent of HIV expenditures. This indicates that donor funding and a government policy abolishing fees for HIV goods and services can reduce the financial burden on those seeking care.", + "Key Recommendations": "The report suggests that if the government of the Ivory Coast pursues universal health coverage goals, it will need to consider how to fill the role of donors in providing access to and financial risk protection for HIV services in an equitable and sustainable way. Since the barriers to increasing ART enrollment appear to be mostly non-financial, donors may want to pursue additional strategies to scale up the provision of ART in the private sector, where patients may experience shorter wait times and greater perceived confidentiality. When the government of Ivory Coast next conducts a health accounting exercise using the updated version of the NHA methodology, a concerted effort should be made to systematically track resource flows through the private sector to more accurately measure its contribution to the HIV response.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.shopsplusproject.org/sites/default/files/resources/The%20Private%20Sector%E2%80%99s%20Role%20in%20Providing%20HIV%20Services%20in%20Ivory%20Coast.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Health Care" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Health" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "For-profit approach that generates sustainable income", + "Formal Sector", + "Local Business" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2014" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Anne-Claire Hervy", + "Andrew Gilboy" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "1402-USAID-GLO", + "Document Title": "Good Practices in Leveraging Long-term Training for Institutional Capacity Strengthening", + "Document Summary": "This report gives a brief overview of the institutional strengthening lens through which the Knowledge Network examined good practices in long-term training. It examines eleven topics related to long-term training and, through this lens of institutional strengthening as one of the goals of individual training, identifies good practices in each of these areas to achieve that goal. The report indicates that these ambitious programs achieved some impressive results, according to numerous evaluations with little or no change at the institution. USAID recognized that the principal reason training did not lead in many cases to sustainable institutional change was the lack of a link between the performance needs of an institution and the training offered. ", + "Key Findings": "Based on learning from the Good Practices in Leveraging Long-term Training for Institutional Capacity Strengthening, the report shares good practices to leverage institutional strengthening. USAID has adapted the International Society for Performance Improvement (ISPI) to apply to the international environment through its Human and Institutional Capacity Development (HICD) framework. Both the ISPI and the HICD models begin the process of institutional strengthening, by comparing the present situation of an organization to its desired future performance. ", + "Key Recommendations": "The report highlights that preparing trainees to have an impact on their home institutions is an effort that should be undertaken throughout the life of a program – not only towards the end of the training period. Actions for boosting post-training impact on institutional strengthening should be built into a program’s core and should be taken before training begins, during training, and after trainees have returned home.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.aplu.org/library/good-practices-in-leveraging-long-term-training-for-institutional-capacity-strengthening/file", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Educational Services" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Association for Public and Land Grant Universities" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Agriculture and Food Security" + ], + "Type of Document": "Industry Publication", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Business Association or Cooperative", + "Formal Sector", + "Large Enterprise", + "Regional Business" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2014" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Karen Brown", + "Claire Heffernan", + "Wyn Richards" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Nepal", + "Tanzania", + "Kenya", + "Ethiopia", + "Senegal" + ], + "Document ID": "1403-Brown-MLT", + "Document Title": "Feed the Future Innovation Lab for Collaborative Research on Adapting Livestock Systems to Climate Change: Report of the External Evaluation Team submitted to the Bureau for Food Security, US Agency for International Development ", + "Document Summary": "This report is the result of the External Evaluation commissioned by USAID from October 2013 to March 2014 to provide an evidence-based assessment of the Feed the Future Innovation Lab for Collaborative Research on Adapting Livestock Systems to Climate Change (ALSCC Innovation Lab). It provides direct recommendations to both the Management Entity (ME) and USAID on program implementation issues. ", + "Key Findings": "The ALSCC Innovation Lab has funded 12 Seed Grant Projects in East and West Africa, Mongolia and Nepal in years one and two while 10 long term Research Projects were funded and are currently operating in East Africa (4), West Africa (2) and Nepal (4). 10 TIRI scholars have been funded in East Africa with an additional 18 Scholars funded in Nepal. Six to eight additional TIRI Scholars are likely to be funded in Senegal based upon review of revised research proposals on a team model. In addition, 15 graduate fellows from Africa and Nepal are being supported for post-graduate qualifications either in the US or in host country research/academic institution with six TIRI Scholar Workshops organized in Nepal, Ethiopia and Senegal. Communication and dissemination: The ME created an attractive, informative and current website; also Facebook and LinkedIn profiles. In addition, Research Communiques and other publications serve to disseminate program accomplishments and research findings.", + "Key Recommendations": "1. A focused research strategy emphasizing adaptive capacity for poor livestock keepers and corresponding to Feed the Future priorities should frame and structure all program activities and expenditures.\n2. Research projects should integrate gender and nutrition dimensions and expertise from the start, climate change must be inherent to funded projects, and community demands and interests must shape program focus.\n3. Capacity development activities should be connected to the research dimensions of the projects and focused on durability.\n4. The ME leadership team should proactively develop and guide outreach and communications to internal university and external (USAID Missions, NGOs, universities, policy makers, public and private sector partners) stakeholders as well as to the global donor and academic community in this field.\n5. The ME team’s work should be guided by clear position descriptions tied to program activities and be supported by adequate time allocations for the Director and Associate Director.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.climatelinks.org/sites/default/files/asset/document/BFS%20-%20Evaluation%20of%20Feed%20the%20Future%20Innovation%20Lab%20for%20Collaborative%20Research%20on%20Adapting%20Livesotck%20Systems%20to%20Climate%20Change%202014.pdf", + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Agriculture and Food Security", + "Environment/Climate Change" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Asia", + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2014" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Chemonics International" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Afghanistan" + ], + "Document ID": "1403-Chemo-AFG", + "Document Title": "Regional Afghan Municipalities Program for Urban Populations (RAMP-UP) - South", + "Document Summary": "The final report of the Regional Afghan Municipalities Program for Urban Populations (RAMP UP)-South gives an overview of the overall project progress with its achievements, results, key accomplishments, and learnings covering the period from June 2010 and March 2014. The report highlights that between June 2010 and March 2014 RAMP UP-South built the capacity of Afghan municipal staff to deliver essential public services effectively and sustainably. The introduction of new revenue collection and management systems by the project greatly improved the ability of municipal governments to mobilize own-source revenue. The project demonstrated that Afghan ownership was essential to project success and sustainability. Following three years of sustained, targeted training and the provision of strategic resources, RAMP UP-South had established the groundwork for transferring ownership of the project’s key service delivery and revenue generation systems to local authorities. In the final year of implementation, RAMP UP-South completed the successful transfer of two of its anchor programs, SWM and the Integrated Financial Management System (IFMS), to municipal control. Transferring management of IFMS rollout to IDLG and GDMA helped ensure their ownership of the implementation process, promoting the sustainability of this model as it is replicated nationwide. Throughout the life of the project RAMP, UP-South focused on building a foundation for administratively and financially sustainable provision of high-quality municipal services.", + "Key Findings": "The program led to improved public services being provided by municipal governments which were part of the RAMP-UP South program. Outreach initiatives such as citizen service desk and public information campaigns increased citizen's familiarity and trust with the local government.\n\n217 percent increase in revenue in target municipalities comparing fiscal year 1389 (2010-2011) to 1392 (2013) due to RAMP UP-South supported parcel registration and business licensing activities. 4 public-private partnerships established with RAMP UP-South support, enhancing the quality of public service provision, boosting municipal revenue, and promoting sustainable economic growth. 917 individuals were trained in municipalities and curricula was developed for administrative and technical subjects.\n\nAssessments revealed that business owners across the project municipalities were more willing to pay licensing fees and that municipal registration processes had improved the security and credibility of their businesses. Meanwhile, local citizens attributed improvements in their quality of life to more effective municipal services — particularly SWM and road infrastructure — with a growing number of residents also crediting the municipalities with greater responsiveness, transparency, and accessibility. These gains coincided with tangible service delivery and revenue generation improvements in all the municipalities, as well as substantial progress in citizen engagement and empowerment initiatives for women and youth.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://docplayer.net/53191962-Regional-afghan-municipalities-program-for-urban-populations-ramp-up-south.html", + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Ability to Influence Policy" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Risk-Mitigation and Flexible Authorities" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Conflict" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Education and Social Services", + "Democracy, Human Rights, & Governance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Afghanistan and Pakistan" + ], + "Year": "2014" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Oscar Huertas Diaz", + "Keri Culver" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Colombia" + ], + "Document ID": "1403-Diaz-COL", + "Document Title": "Evaluation of the More Investment in Sustainable Alternative Development and Areas for Municipal Alternative Development programs ", + "Document Summary": "This post-implementation evaluation report of More Investment in Sustainable Alternative Development (MIDAS) and Areas for Municipal-Level Alternative Development (ADAM), gives an overview of lessons learned and detailed case examples to inform post-conflict mission programming. It examines best practices and lessons learned and extracts useful methods, processes, capacities, alliances, and activities undertaken in productive projects, community participation, public policy development, and strengthening municipal government program components. The evaluation demonstrates the degrees of success and sustainability, to support Country Development Cooperation Strategy (CDCS) implementation and provides the ‘why’ and ‘how’ to program designers and activity managers. ", + "Key Findings": "The evaluation found many sustained organizations, infrastructure works and productive activities, in all departments. Communities and projects were highly motivated, even in the face of adversity, to succeed and expand. Newer associations, especially with unfamiliar crops, needed more support, and rates of failure were higher. ADAM and MIDAS realized great gains in building associativity among some of their productive and public works activities, helping communities begin to reconstruct social fabric damaged by conflict, illicit livelihoods, poverty and the absence of the state. The common goals, training, and support were essential, yet took time to build. Notably these successes were also replicated across communities – when projects involved some combination of campesinos, indigenous groups, and Afro-Colombians.\n\nFurthermore, families and communities embraced licit opportunities to make a living and avoid the social disintegration, risks to life and livelihood, and shadow markets of illicit crops. In terms of scaling up, established enterprises and associations provided fertile ground for productive activities that change mentalities and scope from subsistence, household levels to efficiency, marketing and a regional economy. Given the ambition and global scope of the proposed peace process, working with the GOC at all levels will be essential. The output-level indicators by which ADAM and MIDAS are known – families supported, hectares planted, jobs created – were flawed both for telling the story of the programs and for monitoring their progress to improve implementation.", + "Key Recommendations": "- Sustainability:\no Leverage positive experiences with current and past community level projects, companies and public works by having them share their experiences in peer-to-peer learning.\no In exit strategies, link producers to networks – peers, as above, but also market actors, government and university technical assistance sources, and financial resources.\n\n- Associativity:\n\no Use genuine participatory methods in bottom-up decision making on productive and public works projects. Build in time for the process, particularly with new associations or groups.\no Diagnose local needs and priorities around associativity, in an inclusive, intergenerational process. This is often promised, but in the rush of implementation it can be compromised.\no Train and monitor implementing staff on inclusivity and respect for self-determination.\n\n- Culture of legality:\no Focus on what beneficiaries need in order to think long-term: credit access, land tenure, education and capacity building options.\no Foster this culture with the same conditions that supported associativity.\n\n- Scaling up:\no Build with experienced associations and companies using the bottom-up, participatory approach to take best advantage of their proven interest and ability to produce.\no Scale projects sufficiently for production and livelihoods that are greater than subsistence level. This goal should supersede attaining output indicators.\no Ensure municipal participation. The peace process should empower municipalities, and their buy-in is a precondition for sustainability and state credibility.\n\n- Monitoring and evaluation:\no Create modern M&E systems for complex environments - adaptive, shorter-cycle, context- and conflict-sensitive, and built around shared stakeholder goals. Avoid privileging output-level results that distort implementation by affecting implementer incentives.\no Work to instill an evaluation culture that permits experimentation in the Mission.\no Manage knowledge intelligently and enlist successful partners to share with others.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00JRMK.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, and Hunting", + "Processing & Manufacturing", + "Arts and entertainment", + "Mining & Extractives" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "GreyStar", + "SME Gente Estratégica (GE)", + "Alquería", + "Alpina", + "Aproaca", + "Aprocasur", + "Aprolim", + "Apropesca", + "Asocati", + "Asocoprolyda", + "Asogpados", + "Asopalmira", + "Asopez", + "Aspalbe", + "Compañía de Empaques", + "Condimentos Putumayo", + "Fedar", + "Frepac", + "Red Cantoyaco", + "Textiles Mónica Urquijo" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Risk-Mitigation and Flexible Authorities", + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships", + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Conflict", + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Economic Growth", + "Agriculture and Food Security" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Regional Business", + "For-profit approach that generates sustainable income", + "Formal Sector", + "Micro, Small, or Medium Enterprise", + "Large Enterprise", + "Local Business" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Latin America and the Carribean" + ], + "Year": "2014" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Ydun Donahoe" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "1403-Donah-GLO", + "Document Title": "Building an Enabling Environment for Agricultural Technology Commercialization: Bridging the Gap Between Innovation and Uptake", + "Document Summary": "This policy brief focuses exclusively on the enabling environment for the distribution and utilization of agricultural technologies supported by the public sector in developing countries. It offers the reader simple guidelines for improving private-sector-led commercialization activities based on existing literature, general consensus, and best practices from around the world. The content of this brief is focused on three distinct yet overlapping stages of the commercialization chain for agricultural technologies: the provision of public funds for basic research, the further development of research into marketable technologies, and the deployment of technology to smallholders. ", + "Key Findings": "The report warns that bridging the gap between publicly funded agricultural R&D and its utilization on-farm is a major challenge. Taking actions that target key challenges faced along the commercialization chain - from innovation, through development, to distribution to smallholders - sets the government on a course to successfully connect agricultural research and farmer adoption of agricultural technologies. Reforms of the enabling environment are necessary to attain agricultural transformation through technology-enhanced farming with the potential to raise farm incomes at scale. Institutional and administrative constraints to effective agricultural R&D, restrictions to private-sector distribution and marketing of agricultural technologies, and legal and regulatory barriers to technology adoption must be addressed. In doing so, governments and other stakeholders will be able to drive market-oriented agricultural development and facilitate greater access to agricultural technologies at a lower cost to farmers. ", + "Key Recommendations": "Principle I: Governments should improve the quantity and quality of agricultural R&D and extension services.\n- Ensure effective public-sector investment in basic research.\n- Align national priorities with a demand-led research agenda. \n-Consider alternative mechanisms for agricultural research. \n\nPrinciple 2: Incentivize the private sector to transform research into marketable technologies. \n- Increase access to foreign and domestic research results.\n- Harmonize local, national, and regional agricultural policies. \n- Protect Intellectual Property Rights (IPR). \n- Alleviate constraints to business entry. \n- Select private-sector partners through a process that considers business model design.\n\nPrinciple 3: The legal and regulatory framework should facilitate the adoption of agricultural technologies by smallholders.\n- Alleviate knowledge infrastructure constraints affecting adoption. \n- Broaden and deepen rural financial markets. Build market infrastructure to lower the cost of technology distribution.\n- Promote integrity in agricultural technology.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00JSRM.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Biotechnology", + "Educational Services" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Glow BioTech Ltd.", + "Purdue University" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities", + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments", + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID", + "Enabling Agricultural Trade (EAT)" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Agriculture and Food Security", + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "White Paper/Think Tank Report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "For-profit Commercial Entity", + "Formal Sector", + "Local Business", + "American Business" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2014" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Farhad Hossain", + "Asad Ghalib", + "Iram A. Khan" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Pakistan" + ], + "Document ID": "1403-Khan-PAK-pr", + "Document Title": "Stakeholders Involvement or Public Subsidy of Private Interests? Appraising the Case of Public Private Partnerships in Pakistan", + "Document Summary": "This paper analyses whether ‘publicly funded, privately managed’ companies based on the principles of the Public Private Partnership model protects the interests of both the public and private stakeholders, or is this just a means of public subsidizing of private interests? This paper reviews this model from two perspectives: i) whether the PPP model is meant to create synergy between the public and private sectors and termed public-private partnership falls within the parameters defined in the literature on PPP?; and ii) whether the establishment of these companies on this model is a case that is tantamount to the public subsidy of private interests? To answer these questions, this paper reviews evidence at both the primary and secondary levels. The paper presents a theoretical overview of PPPs and explores the role that PPPs play in the social and economic development of a country. “Public Private Partnership: Conceptualizing the Model” reviews literature as to what constitutes such partnerships and what are their main components and features. “PPPs and their Development in Pakistan” provides the country’s context and discusses the emergence of PPP in Pakistan. Finally, the paper analyses the status of these companies as public-private partnerships and concludes the discussion on the subject.", + "Key Findings": "Government of Pakistan established several ‘publicly funded, privately managed’ companies based on the principles of Public Private Partnership. This paper analyses whether this unique PPP model protects the interests of both the public and private stakeholders, or is this just a means to public subsidizing of private interests? By drawing on evidence from primary and secondary sources, this paper finds that though some elements of PPP are present in these companies, they, as a whole, are not truly public private partnerships. They do, however, represent an innovative relationship between the public and private sectors.", + "Key Recommendations": "Relying on the respective strengths of each, the paper argues that such a partnership has the potential to create synergy and can lead to positive outcomes through the exchange of knowledge, experience, and expertise between the public and private sectors. A key policy aspect that needs to be embedded in the model’s design is the development of Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) and the performance review of a private entity against them. In order to minimize potential conflict of interest and rent-seeking by the private sector, the paper emphasizes that the model needs greater degree of transparency and accountability.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11115-014-0274-y", + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Efficiency and Effectiveness", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities", + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Risk-Mitigation and Flexible Authorities" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;", + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Public Organization Review" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "Peer-reviewed article or other research report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Financial Institution, Investors, and Intermediaries", + "For-profit Commercial Entity" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Afghanistan and Pakistan" + ], + "Year": "2014" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Tim Leyland", + "Raphael Lotira", + "Dawit Abebe", + "Gezu Bekele", + "Andy Catley" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Kenya", + "South Sudan", + "Ethiopia" + ], + "Document ID": "1403-Leyla-MLT", + "Document Title": "Community-Based Animal Health Workers in the Horn of Africa: An Evaluation for the Office of Foreign Disaster Assistance", + "Document Summary": "Community-Based Animal Health Workers (CAHW) in the Horn of Africa, an Evaluation for the Office of Foreign Disaster Assistance, re-examines OFDA support to CAHW projects through an evaluation to determine if the OFDA-funded CAHW program has resulted in improved animal health and husbandry practices; brought about greater access to animal health services and resulted in improved livelihoods in long-term CAHW programming communities. The report identifies areas that could be improved upon in order to strengthen the CAHW program and make it more relevant in meeting current needs.", + "Key Findings": "The evaluation concluded that many of the challenges facing CAHW systems are at the level of veterinary governance, and the capacities of government veterinary departments to train, regulate, and supervise CAHWs and other para-professionals, and ensure the quality and reliability of supply of veterinary drugs that reach them. These challenges commonly relate to the protracted under funding of state veterinary services, and continued grey areas in policy and strategy over the roles of the public and private sectors.", + "Key Recommendations": "The evaluation’s recommendations focus on organizations.\n- NGOs, OFDA, and USAID projects are requested to keep abreast of and update best practice, to further develop guidance on the use of vouchers in emergency response, and to take advantage of mass communication technologies to keep livestock owners and consumers informed about issues such as food safety.\n\n- Quantitative evidence on the state of the veterinary pharmaceutical trade and drug quality is urgently needed. National veterinary services need to continue to strengthen the institutions that can define and regulate roles, and to support access to quality drugs and vaccines whilst effectively monitoring the development of animal health services. Regional bodies such as the Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD) have an important role in facilitating the exchange of knowledge and lessons between member states’ veterinary services.\n\n- Emergency and development donors need to continue to collaborate to support effective and legal private CAHW systems during normal periods so that they can operate effectively during emergencies. Emerging resilience frameworks provide a means to coordinate and harmonize these approaches.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://fic.tufts.edu/wp-content/uploads/TUFTS_1423_animal_health_workers_V3online.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Pharmaceuticals", + "Health Care" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge", + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Vetwork UK", + "Tufts University: Gerald J. and Dorothy R. Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy", + "Feinstein International Center", + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Agriculture and Food Security", + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Micro, Small, or Medium Enterprise", + "Informal Sector", + "Local Business" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2014" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Social Impact" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Zimbabwe" + ], + "Document ID": "1403-Socia-ZWE", + "Document Title": "Performance Evaluation of Water Interventions in Urban and Rural Areas of Zimbabwe", + "Document Summary": "This report examines USAID/Office of U.S. Foreign Disaster Assistance (OFDA)–funded water supply interventions in Zimbabwe from fiscal year (FY) 2009 to FY2012 to determine whether they provided adequate access to improved water during the rainy and dry seasons or not. The report assesses five issue areas encompassing 20 specific evaluation questions. The five areas are (1) overall performance and impact, (2) efficiency, (3) coverage and design, (4) sustainability, and (5) gender equality and equity. ", + "Key Findings": "The majority of water quality samples (70%) from RWH tanks were of excellent quality (based on local CIMAS and global WHO standards). The majority of water quality samples (79%) from protected wells, however, were of unsatisfactory quality in the dry season. Almost all of the water quality samples from protected wells and RWH systems were unsatisfactory in the rainy season and only 4% of rural water samples were of excellent or satisfactory quality. Regardless of the actual water quality, a high percentage (>93%) of respondents from urban and rural households with RWH systems and protected wells perceived that water was of good quality (i.e. odorless, colorless and good taste) both in the dry and rainy seasons.\n\nUsing an average of results, the report highlights that none of the water system types evaluated provides a basic level of service. The major issues influencing the achievement or non-achievement of the objectives include the following: changes in rain patterns; sharing of water sources; using water for purposes other than drinking or handwashing. Regarding impact, the report discovers that many households in urban areas use multiple sources. This unexpected finding made it difficult to determine the contribution of the USAID/OFDA-funded sources to an improved water supply. ", + "Key Recommendations": "Based on these findings, the report provides both the strategic and tactical recommendations to be considered to improve the project performance. They are; i) Ensure that USAID partners conduct all water infrastructure interventions, even in emergencies, select the most efficient water supply model for the context using the concepts of the Technology Applicability Framework, and USAID should only consider funding RWH in a peri-urban setting closer to markets for parts and artisans for building and rooftops adequate for water collection, ii) USAID/OFDA could address poor functioning systems by funding water supply programs that ensure full coverage in a defined geographic area and should consider construction guarantees with their contractors or performance-based contracts, iii) USAID/OFDA should consult with one of the development banks or the African Council of Ministers of Water on ways to provide support to DDF on the budgetary front if they are to effectively undertake their mandate, and iv) USAID/OFDA should utilize evidence-based “next practices” for mainstreaming gender issues into the designing, planning, and maintenance stages of OFDA-funded projects to ensure that appropriate and sustainable systems are in place.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.globalwaters.org/sites/default/files/zimbabwe-evaluation-water-interventions-2014.pdf", + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities", + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Reputation and Credible Convening Power" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment", + "Advancing Learning and Market Research;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Health" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2013" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Corinna Kester", + "Sissel Waage" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "1403-WAAGE-GLO", + "Document Title": "Private Sector Engagement with Ecosystem Services", + "Key Findings": "Forty-seven companies from around the world now mention natural capital and ecosystem services (ES) in publicly available materials. This working paper offers a snapshot of corporate ecosystem services activity and strengthens the business case for companies to take action.", + "Key Recommendations": "Having more of this kind of information in the public domain would enable companies to draw from a growing body of material on how systematic consideration of ES can spark innovation and effective on-the-ground action to maintain and restore the natural infrastructure upon which we all rely.\"", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.bsr.org/reports/BSR_Private_Engagement_With_Ecosystem_Services_2014.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Business Services" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Advancing Learning and Market Research;", + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "BSR" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Environment/Climate Change" + ], + "Type of Document": "White Paper/Think Tank Report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "For-profit Commercial Entity", + "Financial Institution, Investors, and Intermediaries" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2014" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Abacus Consulting" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Pakistan" + ], + "Document ID": "1404-Abacu-PAK", + "Document Title": "FATA Institutional Strengthening Project", + "Document Summary": "The report on the establishment of the Fata Education Endowment Fund (FEEF) highlights the salient features and mandate of the FEEF in order to provide timely assistance to students in continuing their education. The document lays out the operation and administrative rules and regulations along with information on governance and financial matters of the entity.", + "Key Recommendations": "The report recommends the list of actions to be undertaken to establish the FATA Education Endowment Fund that includes: i) As directed by the Governor, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa FATA Education Endowment The fund may be established for the provision of scholarships and stipends to needy and talented students, ii) Regulation for the establishment of the FATA Education Endowment Fund may be submitted to the President of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan for approval, iii) The mandate of FATA Education Foundation may be restricted to regulating, promoting, providing support to the private sector for setting up new educational institutions, public-private partnership and innovative activities, and iv) The FATA Education Foundation may be made functional to implement its mandate.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00KHJW.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Educational Services" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Reputation and Credible Convening Power" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Youth", + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Education and Social Services" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Afghanistan and Pakistan" + ], + "Year": "2014" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Gerald Boardman", + "Dwatmadji", + "Johan Ceelen", + "Wardhani Kusuma" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Indonesia" + ], + "Document ID": "1404-Board-IDN", + "Document Title": "Evaluation of the Indonesia University Partnerships Program: Phase Three -- Partnerships #5-#8", + "Document Summary": "This report provides overall recommendations across the four partnerships between the United States and Indonesia to identify the creation of education partnerships as a top priority namely, UP#5-Adaptation to Climate Risk, UP#6-Strengthening Health Systems, UP#7-Indonesian Marine Biotechnology, and UP#8-Supporting Indonesian Geothermal Education Capacity Building. There are common themes that emerged from the findings and conclusions of the four individual UP reports. The overall recommendations are based on these themes along with some insights gained during a debriefing session at USAID/Indonesia. The recommendations are both short-term and longer-term and include potential strategies suggested by the respondents. ", + "Key Findings": "ACRI has satisfactorily achieved its climate risks tool development, engagement and awareness activities, and capacity building activities at the institutional level but needs more effort to provide a sustainable engagement of the local community. The strategy of using direct participation in actual research projects was an effective method for building capacity in basic and applied research. IMB has satisfactorily achieved its marine biology objectives in knowledge sharing and skill technology transfer, UNDIP and UNHAS have begun to improved their institutional marine biology training capacity, and selected lecturers have improved their capacity to conduct basic and applied research addressing the important topic of multi-drug resistance (MDR) isolates. Institut Teknologi Bandung (ITB) institutional management and program staff should be commended for the initiative and leadership they demonstrated in implementing the institutional strengthening, improved knowledge and skills, capacity building, and enrollment increase (women and men) in the geothermal program.\n", + "Key Recommendations": "1. ‘Documentation/dissemination’ of results for the local consumer. \n2. ‘Champions’ to understand and advocate for supportive policy. \n3. Continued ‘funding’ to further achieve individual and institutional sustainability. \n4. Further demonstration of Indonesian ‘financial and management capability’ with accountability.\n5. Strengthen Partner ‘work force’ linkage opportunities and leadership opportunities for women.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.edu-links.org/sites/default/files/media/file/indonesia%20university%20partnerships.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Educational Services" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Columbia University", + "Harvard University", + "University of Southern California" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;", + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Education and Social Services" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "For-profit approach that generates sustainable income", + "American Business", + "Formal Sector" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Asia" + ], + "Year": "2014" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "CAMRIS International" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "1405-CAMRI-GLO", + "Document Title": "Users Guide to USAID/Washington Health Programs ", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/pbaaa256.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Health Care", + "Pharmaceuticals" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Bayer HealthCare", + "Winrock International" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness", + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge", + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships", + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Advancing Learning and Market Research;", + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth", + "Conflict" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Health" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Multi-national Business", + "Formal Sector", + "For-profit Commercial Entity", + "Large Enterprise", + "American Business", + "Micro, Small, or Medium Enterprise" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2014" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Chiara Criscuolo", + "Peter N. Gal", + "Carlo Menon" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Austria", + "Belgium", + "Brazil", + "Canada", + "Finland", + "Italy", + "France", + "Hungary", + "Luxembourg", + "Japan", + "Netherlands", + "Norway", + "New Zealand", + "Portugal", + "Spain", + "Sweden", + "United Kingdom", + "United States" + ], + "Document ID": "1405-Crisc-MLT", + "Document Title": "The Dynamics of Employment Growth", + "Document Summary": "This report discusses preliminary cross-country evidence from a microdata project, called DynEmp, originating from the first wave of the project (DynEmp Express). A number of findings provide useful information to help understand the persistently high unemployment levels and disappointing growth performance in many advanced economies. The report describes the dynamism of different economies, focusing on the process of creative destruction, the role of young businesses in job creation, and their growth dynamics and potential. Furthermore, the impact of the “Great Recession” on both creative destruction and young businesses is investigated, focusing on how the financial crisis has impacted jobs and firms in different countries and which firms have been hit hardest by the recession. ", + "Key Findings": "First, the analysis showed significant cross-country differences not only in the weight that small firms have in terms of employment, but also in their age profile, e.g., in some countries, small firms are systematically older. \n\nSecond, it has been carefully documented that the group of young firms, i.e., firms that are five years of age or younger, contribute positively to aggregate job creation in nearly every period and country considered. This was shown to be driven to a large extent by the contribution from entrants as well as higher growth rates of surviving young businesses.\n\nThird, there is evidence of a clear decline in start-up rates found across a wide set of countries and the existence of an “up-or-out” dynamic for young businesses. \n\nFourth, the analysis provides evidence on the growth performance of young firms, showing again striking cross-country differences in the data. \n\nFifth, the report shows that young firms were relatively more affected by the Great Recession compared to old ones, both via job creation and via job destruction. However, the main drivers of the aggregate decline in employment were old firms, given their larger weight in the economy. Moreover, the contribution to net employment growth of young firms remained positive during the crisis.\n\nAnd, finally, during the Great Recession there has been a further decrease in the entry rate of new firms, which was already steadily declining in most countries since the beginning of the last decade. Given the importance of firm entry on a host of economic outcomes beyond job creation (e.g. innovation, competition, productivity) this finding raises particular concerns.", + "Key Recommendations": "- Going forward, the aim of further analyses are, on the one hand, to link the observed cross-country differences in firms’ dynamism to national policies and framework conditions, affecting entrepreneurship, experimentation and the growth of firms.\n\n- This will rely on the second phase of the data collection DynEmp v2, with more detailed industry breakdowns, as well as having a closer look on high-growth enterprises.\n\n- On the other hand, in order to gain a better understanding of the link between employment dynamics and economic growth and productivity, a parallel analysis and data collection is planned, called MultiProd, collecting micro-aggregated data on output and productivity, in a similar manner to DynEmp.\n\n- This will allow the subsequent analysis to shed light on questions such as what drives productivity differences at the aggregate level, why some countries are better at allocating resources to more productive firms than others, and what is the role of policies in achieving better outcomes both in terms of productivity and of employment.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/docserver/5jz417hj6hg6-en.pdf?expires=1586887160&id=id&accname=guest&checksum=797DF9E784395E930F2F9705DEC7A60F", + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "OECD" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "USAID Region": [ + "Europe and Eurasia", + "Asia", + "Latin America and the Carribean" + ], + "Year": "2014" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Jim Hanson", + "Christabel Dadzie", + "Pushpa Rajkarnikar", + "Haseeb Payab" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Nepal" + ], + "Document ID": "1405-Hanso-NPL", + "Document Title": "Nepal Economic, Agriculture, and Trade Activity Performance Evaluation", + "Document Summary": "The Nepal Economic, Agriculture, and Trade (NEAT) final performance evaluation report provides the program’s performance and effectiveness, identifies best practices and lessons learned, and offers recommendations for future programming. Overall, the “enabling policy and business environment” component of the NEAT program was reported to be appropriate and effective. ", + "Key Findings": "In terms of enabling policy and business environment, public-private dialogues (PPDs) were noted as important activities in successfully promoting stakeholder engagement. The several Government of Nepal (GON) ministries involved reported success in ministry coordination, stakeholder engagement, and the effectiveness of NEAT’s project implementation. For food security and four agricultural value chains, the report notes that the 2.5-year duration was too short. Many of the participants wanted a longer program more in line with the original 5-year program that was approved. Many farmers claimed they were just grasping how to implement learned skills when the program ended while there was an increase in lentil production but this was achieved by male farmers. Female farmer's yield actually declined. The sustainability of the NEAT program was hindered by its failure to focus on training local agricultural development officers who could continue NEAT’s work in the future", + "Key Recommendations": "- Consider splitting large, multi-faceted programs to narrow topic focus and reduce implementation complications. NEAT was a large and diverse program, which could understandably present size-related complications.\n- Ensure stakeholder engagement with all key stakeholders and from the onset of programming. Respondents from the business sector shared their dissatisfaction in not being involved in decision making from the onset, stating that the programs were very government-focused.\n- Encouraging farmers to use new hybrid seeds needs to be carefully considered. Although productive, hybrid seeds usually must be repurchased each year.\n- Access to finance initiatives within similar programs should be included, as these activities empower the farmers to participate in other program interventions, such as training, capacity building, and purchasing of appropriate seeds, among others.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00JWVC.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, and Hunting" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge", + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Conflict" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Economic Growth", + "Agriculture and Food Security" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Asia" + ], + "Year": "2014" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Yasemin Saltuk", + "Ali El Idrissi", + "Amit Bouri", + "Abhilash Mudaliar", + "Hannah Schiff" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "1405-Saltu-GLO", + "Document Title": "Spotlight on the Market: The Impact Investor Survey", + "Document Summary": "This survey report captures data and market perspectives from 125 impact investors and focuses on investing organizations from foundations to financial institutions. To ensure that survey participants manage a significant volume of impact investment assets, this report sets a criterion for participation such that only respondents that manage USD 10mm or more of impact investment capital are included. Accordingly, the report presents the findings of the fourth annual impact investor survey conducted by the Global Impact Investing Network (GIIN) and J.P. Morgan. Building upon the surveys from previous years, the report has taken a deeper dive into certain thematic areas through the survey and desk research. ", + "Key Findings": "The report highlights that the 125 respondents had diverse perspectives on the state of the impact investment market and varied experience with investment opportunities and portfolio management. Most respondents reported that their portfolios’ impact and financial performances align with their expectations, with some reporting outperformance. Respondents identified business model execution and management as the top risk to their portfolios. They believe the market continues to be challenged by a shortage of high-quality investment opportunities and a lack of appropriate capital across the risk/return spectrum. However, they indicated progress being made evenly across these and other market growth indicators and highlighted some key initiatives governments could undertake to address these risks and challenges. The report finds these conclusions promising and reflective of a market moving from a proof-of-concept phase to a growth phase expecting that the expanded dataset presented will help investors further develop their impact investment portfolios.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://thegiin.org/assets/documents/pub/2014MarketSpotlight.PDF", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Financial Services" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Goldman Sachs", + "J.P. Morgan" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge", + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "GIIN", + "J.P. Morgan" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Youth" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "Industry Publication", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Financial Institution, Investors, and Intermediaries", + "American Business", + "Multi-national Business", + "For-profit approach that generates sustainable income", + "Large Enterprise", + "Formal Sector" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2014" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Meraj Naem" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "United Arab Emirates", + "Bangladesh", + "Egypt", + "India", + "Regional" + ], + "Document ID": "1406-Naem-MLT-pr", + "Document Title": "Social Entrepreneurship: An effective mode of promoting Public Private Partnership in Middle East", + "Document Summary": "This report explores the new dimensions of social entrepreneurship propounded in the form of the theory by the writers and taken up practically in various instances by organizations and individuals. It discusses the role of government in institutionalizing the social entrepreneurship process through the public-private partnership model and bringing it into some legal and regulatory domains to streamline the process. The study concludes with finding and suggestions regarding the current status and scope of social entrepreneurship in the UAE. In the recommendations, a model has been proposed, which is an effort to streamline and utilize the resources for fostering social entrepreneurship through public-private partnerships in the region. ", + "Key Findings": "The report's findings shed light on \"Why the spirit of Entrepreneurship is not gaining ground in UAE. The restricted youth vision, evolving education system phase, lack of awareness about Incubators, limited access to resources, and poor risk-taking culture hinder entrepreneurship from gaining ground in the UAE. Motivating to be an entrepreneur as a career option and raising awareness and information about incubators and government support, the institutionalization of social entrepreneurship, bringing entrepreneurship in higher education as well as vocational mainstream, and exploring the model of public-private partnership and utilizing for the purpose are some of the recommendations that the report would like to offer.", + "Key Recommendations": "A model has been proposed which is an effort to streamline and utilize the resources for fostering Social Entrepreneurship through Public Private Partnership in the region.", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Financial Services", + "Energy", + "Health Care", + "Educational Services", + "Business Services" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Cooperative Bank of SEWA", + "Vamed", + "Bumrungrad International", + "SABIS", + "Nord Anglia Education", + "Mosaica", + "Al Tamimi Investment", + "Baraka Consulting", + "Standard Chartered Bank" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities", + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Risk-Mitigation and Flexible Authorities", + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships", + "Reputation and Credible Convening Power" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Asia Pacific Journal of Management & Entrepreneurship Research" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "Peer-reviewed article or other research report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Large Enterprise", + "For-profit Commercial Entity", + "Formal Sector", + "Financial Institution, Investors, and Intermediaries", + "Multi-national Business" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Middle East", + "Asia" + ], + "Year": "2014" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "The Nature Conservancy" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Comoros", + "Kenya", + "Madagascar", + "Mauritius", + "Mozambique", + "Seychelles", + "Tanzania" + ], + "Document ID": "1406-Natur-MLT", + "Document Title": "Western Indian Ocean Coastal Challenge Draft Regional Commitments", + "Document Summary": "Produced by The Nature Conservancy on behalf of ABCG, this document is a Western Indian Ocean Coastal Challenge Draft Regional Commitments. The national targets in this brief document are examples from country submissions shared during the 4th WIOCC Technical Meeting. Countries are encouraged to ensure measurable targets/commitments are visionary/ambitious, and time-bound.", + "Key Findings": "Recalling the rallying call by the President of Seychelles for the establishment of the Western Indian Ocean Coastal Challenge (WIOCC) to mobilize the political, financial, and technical commitment at national and regional levels to achieve the goals of existing Conventions and Strategic Action Plans such as the Nairobi Convention, United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) and United Nations Framework for the Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC); this document: 1) Reiterates the need to achieve existing goals and commitments by inspiring local and regional leadership and facilitating collaboration towards achieving sustainable development goals. 2) Recognizes the challenges facing the implementation of the sustainable development goals of the island and mainland coastal states of the Western Indian Ocean region. 3) Acknowledges the goals, commitments, and timelines of the Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011 to 2020 and the Aichi Biodiversity Targets, UNFCCC, UN Convention to Combat Desertification, the Hyogo Framework for Action 2005 to 2015 and the Millennium Development Goals and the emerging post-2015 agenda. 4) Recognizes that the future socio-economic, cultural, environmental, and climate health of the western Indian Ocean region depends upon the conservation of marine and terrestrial ecosystems and sustainable use of their resources. 5) Acknowledges the need for the island and mainland coastal states to work together on a regional basis, and 6) Recognizes the financial support of the European Union through the Indian Ocean Commission ISLANDS Project to the operationalization of the WIOCC.", + "Internet URL of Document": "http://www.abcg.org/document_details?document_id=676", + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID", + "Western Indian Ocean Coastal Challenge (WIOCC)" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Environment/Climate Change" + ], + "Type of Document": "White Paper/Think Tank Report", + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2014" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Rasheed Sulaiman", + "Vamsidhar Reddy" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Bangladesh" + ], + "Document ID": "1406-Sulai-BDG", + "Document Title": "Assessment of Extension and Advisory Methods and Approaches to Reach Rural Women: Examples from Bangladesh", + "Document Summary": "From a gender perspective, this paper highlights making women's work visible to achieve family cooperation through the whole-family approach. This paper considers an approach to raising women's profiles in the family. \"Inequality\" has been seen as a constraint to breaking this stereotype, thinking opting for transformational change in the existing picture of gender inequality, where women are seen as beneficiaries rather than as participants in the development process. Evidence also suggests a need to address culture and local context in extension processes. ", + "Key Findings": "The paper identifies three types of extension approaches used in Bangladesh through the literature review: farmer field schools (FFSs), Training & visits (T&V), and ICTs. Of these, only one paper mentioned the need to modify the FFS approach to reach rural women. A few articles identified factors for the success of the FFS approach, including the need for appropriate Training and monitoring of FFS facilitators and synchronizing activities with the cropping season. The only evidence of constraints noted was on the T&V system with the need for more resources, poor flow of information, poor monitoring system, weak attempts at developing staff capacities, and frequent transfers. Further evidence on approaches to reaching women was identified from a range of NGOs working in Bangladesh. This information identified five processes to reaching rural women: creating a social infrastructure, value chain development, SHGs, ICTs, and women extension workers. \n\nThe report suggests that creating solid social organizations is central to reaching rural women, e.g., through forming union federations and using group approaches like FFS for Training and building entrepreneurial skills. This approach has a degree of flexibility and is participatory. There is also evidence that ICTs have the potential to reach rural women. The case studies highlight that reaching rural women effectively requires long-term presence, commitment in terms of human and financial resources, and the engagement of several stakeholders. The case studies also show that much of the initiatives being implemented via these approaches heavily depend on the resources and ability of women farmers to adapt.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://meas.illinois.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/MEAS-EVAL-2014-EAS-Reaching-Rural-Women-Report-Bangladesh-Sulaiman-Reddy-June-2014.pdf", + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Feed the Future" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth", + "Conflict" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Agriculture and Food Security" + ], + "Type of Document": "Systematic review or Meta-analysis", + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Asia" + ], + "Year": "2014" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Peter Twichell", + "Edin Mujacic", + "Katarina Vukovic" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Bosnia and Herzegovina" + ], + "Document ID": "1406-Twich-BIH", + "Document Title": "Conflict Management and Mitigation Program (CMM) -- Youth Building Futures in the Brčko District (YBFBD)", + "Document Summary": "This report provides snapshots of project success, challenges, obstacles, lessons learned, and recommendations for future courses of action for the Conflict Management and Mitigation Program (CMM)―Youth Building Futures in the Brĉko District (YBFBD). The report highlights that Youth Build‘s approach that the project introduced can be successfully adapted to an operational setting as challenging as Brĉko and BiH. ", + "Key Findings": "According to YB‘s theory of change, young people learn to internalize a sense of personal and civic responsibility less via seminars and roundtables than direct, hands-on practice. Through taking on tasks that teach by doing, through contributing to the production of tangible outputs that improve the lives of others, young people gain a sense of personal and collective efficacy that makes them more resilient, persevering and engaged. In the words of one participant,. \"The project has empowered us: if capable and strong young people decide to move and take an action and to influence those who are decision makers, we can make many changes.\" Project experience validated this strategy.", + "Key Recommendations": "Greater Emphasis on Livelihoods\nRegardless of the many troubling social, political, and cultural issues in BiH, it is clear that young people overwhelmingly need help with employment.\n\nCommunity Asset Building Motivates Young People\nThe activity most highlighted by participants in the evaluation is community asset building. This YELC component engaged and mobilized young people who were idle but seeking a way to\n―plug in to their communities outside of political activity.\n\nBiH Needs a National-Scale Youth Engagement Program\nThe intertwined trends of youth discouragement, youth marginalization, and youth unemployment do not bode well for the future of BiH. The frustration that young people voice over local politics, local media, outdated attitudes, political corruption, and economic stagnation is intense.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00JWTX.pdf", + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "YouthBuild International" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Youth", + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Conflict" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Economic Growth", + "Peace & Security" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Europe and Eurasia" + ], + "Year": "2014" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Afghanistan", + "Bangladesh", + "Ethiopia", + "Congo (Kinshasa)", + "Ghana", + "Haiti", + "India", + "Indonesia", + "Kenya", + "Liberia", + "Madagascar", + "Malawi", + "Mali", + "Mozambique", + "Nepal", + "Nigeria", + "Pakistan", + "Rwanda", + "Senegal", + "South Sudan", + "Tanzania", + "Uganda", + "Yemen", + "Zambia" + ], + "Document ID": "1406-USAID-MLT", + "Document Title": "Acting on the Call: Ending Preventable Child and Maternal Deaths", + "Document Summary": "This review report outlines the results of the Acting on the Call- ending preventable child and maternal deaths across the 24 priority countries — primarily in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. The report demonstrates how USAID is advancing President Obama’s commitment with a bright, strategic, and cost-effective approach that will bend the progress curve. The report highlights that ending preventable child and maternal deaths will require more than resources. It requires a new model of development that harnesses the power of science and business to push the boundaries of possibility. In South Asia, for example, USAID supported randomized control trials and feasibility studies demonstrating that chlorhexidine could cut newborn mortality by 23%. USAID partnered with a local Nepali pharmaceutical company and community health workers to deliver the life-saving antiseptic to expectant mothers. Today, efforts to introduce it are underway in 15 other countries.", + "Key Findings": "The result shows that, in two years alone, USAID helped achieve an eight percent reduction in under-five mortality in the 24 focus countries, saving 500,000 lives. Maternal mortality has fallen by half in these same countries over two decades. Global donor funding for child and maternal survival has increased at an annualized rate of 14% over the past decade, while more than two-thirds of the 24 priority countries spent a greater proportion of general government expenditure on health in 2012 than they did ten years prior. The Saving Mothers, Giving Life partnership reduced maternal mortality by 30% in target districts in Uganda and 35% in target facilities in Zambia. In 2013 alone, USAID’s health programs treated 3.2 billion liters of drinking water, supported vaccines against rotavirus and pneumococcus, protected 45 million people with a prevention measure against malaria, and helped 84 million women access modern contraception. Despite these successes, on USAID’s current trajectory, USAID will not achieve the global goal of ending preventable child and maternal death by 2035. Nonetheless, USAID remains steadfast in its commitment to save lives in partnership with faith communities, civil society organizations, the private sector, and — most importantly— national, regional, and community leaders.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://2012-2017.usaid.gov/sites/default/files/documents/1864/USAID_ActingOnTheCall_2014.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Pharmaceuticals", + "Health Care" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Risk-Mitigation and Flexible Authorities", + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge", + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;", + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth", + "Conflict" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Health" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Asia", + "Africa", + "Latin America and the Carribean", + "Middle East", + "Afghanistan and Pakistan" + ], + "Year": "2014" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "African Wildlife Foundation", + "Conservation International", + "the Jane Goodall Institute", + "The Nature Conservancy" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Kenya", + "Malawi", + "Rwanda", + "Tanzania" + ], + "Document ID": "1407-Afric-MLT", + "Document Title": "USAID and ABCG -- Integrated Indicators for Freshwater Conservation and Wash Workshop Report", + "Document Summary": "Produced by African Wildlife Foundation, Conservation International, the Jane Goodall Institute, and The Nature Conservancy on behalf of ABCG.USAID and ABCG – this document is an Integrated Indicator for Freshwater Conservation and Wash Workshop Report, which was organized to:\n1. Increase awareness of the rationale for integrated indicators for Freshwater Conservation and WASH Programming.\n2. Review progress to date on indicators from existing or past projects.\n3. Build and reach a consensus on an M&E Framework for Integrated Freshwater Conservation and WASH Programming.\n4. Explore potential integrated indicators for Freshwater Conservation and WASH Programming and develop a draft list to complement M&E Framework.\n5. Draft an outreach plan for vetting indicators with key stakeholders in sub-Saharan Africa and the US.", + "Key Recommendations": "When asked for recommendations for follow up actions in the next 3 to 6 months, participants suggested the following:\n Refine the results framework and draft indicators.\n Develop an indicator reference sheet to clearly define indicator wording.\n Share workshop outcomes at relevant forums.\n Have a ‘community of practice’ dialogue based in Nairobi or DC.\n Develop a basic template for project integration for field practitioners.\n Develop a white paper or one page pitch to donors and policy makers on\nplanning and financing integrated WASH programs.\n Set up a platform for interactive engagement by participants on the outputs of the workshop.\n Broaden sharing to other stakeholders in respective regions and alliances.\n Encourage government participation.", + "Internet URL of Document": "http://www.abcg.org/action/document/show?document_id=637", + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Environment/Climate Change", + "Health" + ], + "Type of Document": "White Paper/Think Tank Report", + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2014" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Meg Galas", + "Risha Hess", + "Melanie Stanley", + "Vicki MacDonald", + "Joanna Skinner", + "Kate McCracken", + "Angus Spiers", + "Tarryn Hasslam", + "Andrew Shirmer" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "1407-Galas-GLO", + "Document Title": "An Adaptable Communication Strategy for Amoxicillin", + "Document Summary": "This document provides step-by-step guidance and illustrative content for creating a communication strategy to generate demand for amoxicillin to treat childhood pneumonia. The guideline is designed to benefit multiple audiences, including staff from ministries of health, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and community-based organizations (CBOs). The strategy can support the efforts of communication professionals working directly on behavior change communication programs and other professionals working in reproductive, maternal, newborn, and child health (RMNCH) who need to create a demand generation component to support program activities. This strategy forms part of a comprehensive Demand Generation Implementation Kit for Underutilized, Lifesaving Commodities in RMNCH (the I-Kit). The I-Kit includes commodity-specific communication strategies easily adapted across multiple country contexts and integrated into existing RMNCH plans. The I-Kit also contains resources on four core cross-cutting demand generation areas: addressing the role of gender, a theory-based framework for media selection, utilizing information and communication technologies (ICTs) and new media, and leveraging public-private partnerships (PPPs).", + "Internet URL of Document": "http://sbccimplementationkits.org/demandrmnch/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2015/05/An-Adaptable-Communication-Strategy-for-Amoxicillin-DG.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Health Care" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Advancing Learning and Market Research;", + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Center for Communication Programs" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Youth", + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Health" + ], + "Type of Document": "Industry Publication", + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2014" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Diana Gourvenec", + "Bidia Desperthes", + "Clancy Broxton", + "Beth Skorochod", + "Risha Hess", + "Kimberley Whipkey", + "Saskia Husken", + "Ciska Kuijper", + "Mags Beksinska", + "Lucie Van Mens", + "Joanna Skinner", + "Kate McCracken", + "Erin Portillo" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "1407-Gourv-GLO", + "Document Title": "An Adaptable Communication Strategy for Female Condoms", + "Document Summary": "This document provides step-by-step guidance and illustrative content for creating a communication strategy to generate demand for female condoms. The guideline is developed to support multiple audiences, including staff from ministries of health, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and community-based organizations (CBOs). The strategy can support the efforts of communication professionals working directly on behavior change communication programs and other professionals working in reproductive, maternal, newborn, and child health (RMNCH) who need to create a demand generation component to support program activities. This strategy forms part of a comprehensive Demand Generation Implementation Kit for Underutilized, Lifesaving Commodities in RMNCH (the I-Kit). The I-Kit includes commodity-specific communication strategies easily adapted across multiple country contexts and integrated into existing RMNCH plans. The I-Kit also contains resources on four core cross-cutting demand generation areas: addressing the role of gender, a theory-based framework for media selection, utilizing information and communication technologies (ICTs) and new media, and leveraging public-private partnerships (PPPs).", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00M7J5.pdf", + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Advancing Learning and Market Research;", + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Center for Communication Programs" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Health" + ], + "Type of Document": "Industry Publication", + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2014" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Carol Hooks", + "Siobhan Brown", + "Manjari Quintanar-Solares", + "Anna Helland", + "Joanna Skinner", + "Kate McCracken", + "Erin Portillo" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "1407-Hooks-GLO", + "Document Title": "An Adaptable Communication Strategy for Chlorhexidine", + "Document Summary": "This document provides step-by-step guidance and illustrative content for creating a communication strategy to generate demand for chlorhexidine. The guideline is designed to apply to multiple audiences, including staff from ministries of health, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and community-based organizations (CBOs). The strategy can support the efforts of communication professionals working directly on behavior change communication programs and other professionals working in reproductive, maternal, newborn, and child health (RMNCH) who need to create a demand generation component to support program activities. This strategy forms part of a comprehensive Demand Generation Implementation Kit for Underutilized, Lifesaving Commodities in RMNCH (the I-Kit). The I-Kit includes commodity-specific communication strategies that are easily adapted across multiple country contexts and integrated into existing RMNCH plans. The I-Kit also contains resources on four core cross-cutting demand generation areas: addressing the role of gender, a theory-based framework for media selection, utilizing information and communication technologies (ICTs) and new media, and leveraging public-private partnerships (PPPs). ", + "Internet URL of Document": "http://healthcommcapacity.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/An-Adaptable-Communication-Strategy-for-Chlorhexidine-DG.pdf", + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Advancing Learning and Market Research;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Center for Communication Programs" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Health" + ], + "Type of Document": "Industry Publication", + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2014" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "International City/County Management Association (ICMA)" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Georgia" + ], + "Document ID": "1407-ICMA-GEO-A", + "Document Title": "Waste Management Technologies in Regions, Georgia: Solid Waste Collection and Recycling System Assessment Report", + "Document Summary": "This document is a Solid Waste Collection and Recycling Systems Assessment Report of Waste Management Technologies in Regions, Georgia. This assessment report aims to establish an initial preliminary foundation for defining and commencing the activities that the Project will undertake while meeting the Project’s accomplishment and output goals as specified in its Implementation and Performance Monitoring Plans (PMP). This assessment report presents recommended action plans and projected timelines for accomplishing various near-term recommended activities that meet the objectives of the Project PMP and support the cooperation, actions, and progress of the beneficiaries nationally and specifically in the two target regions.\n\nComponent 1 of the Project seeks to accomplish an “Established waste management system and an improved implementing capacity of the public and private sector.” Through the designated activities of Component 1 of the Project, ICMA is required to undertake an initial assessment of existing SWM situations in the target regions to determine the institutional, technical, and economic characteristics of current SWM practices and how they can be improved through Project activities and results. The assessment is also intended to define a meaningful role for the Project to accomplish its effects within the context of other ongoing SWM initiatives in Georgia, including other waste-related projects supported by various donor agencies and multinational banks that have been active in Georgia. The assessment also seeks to define activities within the context of pending legal reforms. By design, the Project focuses on managing Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) derived from residential and commercial sources in the target regions. As a result, the scope of this assessment does not include a detailed consideration of other, often independently managed, solid waste forms such as construction debris, biomedical waste, industrial waste, and hazardous waste, except as to how these waste forms may affect the provision of MSW management related services in the target regions.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://dec.usaid.gov/dec/GetDoc.axd?ctID=ODVhZjk4NWQtM2YyMi00YjRmLTkxNjktZTcxMjM2NDBmY2Uy&rID=MTk2Mjg5&pID=NTYw&attchmnt=True&uSesDM=False&rIdx=MTg4ODgz&rCFU=", + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Health" + ], + "Type of Document": "Landscape Analysis", + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Europe and Eurasia" + ], + "Year": "2014" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Claire Stokes", + "Sarah Rich", + "Elizabeth Westley", + "Joanna Skinner", + "Kate McCracken", + "Erin Portillo" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "1407-Stoke-GLO", + "Document Title": "An Adaptable Communication Strategy for Emergency Contraceptive Pills", + "Document Summary": "This document provides step-by-step guidance and illustrative content in creating a communication strategy to generate demand for emergency contraceptive pills (ECPs). The guideline is designed to be useful to multiple audiences, including staff from ministries of health, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and community-based organizations (CBOs). The strategy can support the efforts of communication professionals working directly on behavior change communication programs and other professionals working in reproductive, maternal, newborn, and child health (RMNCH) who need to create a demand generation component to support program activities. This strategy forms part of a comprehensive Demand Generation Implementation Kit for Underutilized, Lifesaving Commodities in RMNCH (the I-Kit). The I-Kit includes commodity-specific communication strategies easily adapted across multiple country contexts and integrated into existing RMNCH plans. The I-Kit also includes resources on four core cross-cutting demand generation areas: addressing the role of gender, a theory-based framework for media selection, utilizing information and communication technologies (ICTs) and new media, and leveraging public-private partnerships (PPPs).", + "Internet URL of Document": "http://sbccimplementationkits.org/demandrmnch/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2015/06/An-Adaptable-Communication-Strategy-for-ECP-DG.pdf", + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Advancing Learning and Market Research;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Center for Communication Programs" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth", + "Conflict" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Health" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2014" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Randolph Kent", + "Steven A. Zyck" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global", + "Kenya", + "Indonesia", + "Haiti", + "Ghana", + "India" + ], + "Document ID": "1407-ZYCK-MLT", + "Document Title": "Humanitarian Crises, Emergency Preparedness and Response: The Role of Business and the Private Sector ", + "Document Summary": "Authored by Steven A. Zyck and Randolph Kent, this document is a final report on Humanitarian crises, emergency preparedness, and response: the role of business and the private sector. This report outlines the findings of a study on ‘Humanitarian crises, emergency preparedness, and response: the roles of business and the private sector,’ undertaken by the Humanitarian Policy Group at the Overseas Development Institute, the Humanitarian Futures Programme at King’s College London, the UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs and Vantage Partners, with financial support from the UK Department for International Development. The nine-month study involved original research in Kenya, Jordan, Indonesia, and Haiti and additional in-person and online consultations with leading humanitarian and private sector specialists. The study aimed to capture the private sector’s current role in humanitarian action and the role it might play alongside governments and aid agencies as the nature of vulnerability and crises evolves in the future.\n\nThis study used a primarily qualitative methodology oriented around the following activities: (i) identifying the private sector’s current and potential roles and added value in emergency preparedness and response; (ii) documenting approaches that the private sector has used to support people affected by crises; (iii) capturing those frameworks, structures, and mechanisms which enabled or facilitated business engagement with humanitarian operations; and (iv) developing approaches to emergency preparedness and response at multiple levels that take advantage of businesses and aid agencies’ capacities.", + "Key Findings": "The project found that the private sector is contributing to emergency response and preparedness at many levels and in diverse ways. Despite a former tendency for aid agencies to view businesses as prospective donors, their greatest direct contribution has come in the form of new technologies and other innovations and the sharing of technical capacities in areas such as logistics, telecommunications, and cash transfers. ", + "Key Recommendations": "This study makes the following recommendations: help the private sector and aid agencies understand one another; develop strategic communications materials to capture the wide variety of private sector collaborations with aid agencies; ensure strategic and operational dialogue takes place between relevant private sector actors and aid agencies on a regular basis; ensure aid agency country offices businesses' branches are able to draw upon and activate existing global partnerships, etc. ", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://reliefweb.int/report/world/humanitarian-crises-emergency-preparedness-and-response-role-business-and-private-0", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, and Hunting", + "Telecommunications", + "Transportation and Warehousing", + "Other", + "Fast Moving Consumer Goods" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Telekomset", + "Indosat", + "XL Axiata", + "Maersk", + "P&G", + "IDEO", + "Agility", + "Aramex", + "UPS", + "TNT", + "DHL" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness", + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Overseas Development Institute" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Humanitarian Assistance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Peer-reviewed article or other research report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Corporate Foundation", + "Large Enterprise", + "Multi-national Business", + "Regional Business" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Global", + "Africa", + "Asia", + "Latin America and the Carribean" + ], + "Year": "2014" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "iDE-B" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Bangladesh" + ], + "Document ID": "1409-FHI-BGD", + "Document Title": "The Firm to Farm Finance Toolkit: Hearing, Creating, & Delivering Human-Centered Solutions for Inclusive Access to Finance", + "Document Summary": "This Firm to Farm Finance (F2FF) Toolkit aims to codify and use the learning of iDE-B’s successful Rural Business Credit (RBC) pilot experience to inform the research and development of innovative and promising access to finance solutions for low-income households and communities. The toolkit provides step-by-step guidance on how to apply the Human Centered Design (HCD) framework and tailor it for use in selecting and commercializing feasible, viable, and desirable financial products and service models to sustainably reach low-income households and communities with efficient and scalable strategies for inclusive finance. \n\nAs guided by the document, the first phase of the F2FF process is to understand the end users and other stakeholders in the context of the problem statement related to the market for innovative new ideas, the suitable spaces for innovative new solutions, and the capture of behavioral insights with innovation partner (s). In the second phase, the document suggests sorting, clustering, and analyzing the contextual data gathered throughout Phase 1. It does this to find patterns that point to untapped customer segments, market opportunities, or niches, focusing on uncovering design principles with innovation partner(s), co-creating solutions with innovation partner(s), and confirming that the innovation is effective, efficient & scalable. In the third phase, the document suggests that the F2FF solutions tested with demonstrable application among the target group(s) should be promoted and transferred for sustainable demonstration through private sector supply chains identifying and engaging scaling partners. The partners should take the solution(s) developed by the design team and innovation partner(s) and deploy them widely into the target market and beyond. This would engage scaling partners and transfer their deployment and diffusion of the F2FF solutions through equitable and incentive-based deal-making. This creates “win-win” situations for the bottom of the pyramid consumers, innovation partner(s), scaling partner(s), and the organization, and putting in place a market infrastructure that encourages market actors to continue making connections and technological advances.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.rfilc.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Firm_to_Farm_Finance_Toolkit.pdf", + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Reputation and Credible Convening Power", + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Agriculture and Food Security", + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Asia" + ], + "Year": "2014" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "International City/County Management Association (ICMA)" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Georgia" + ], + "Document ID": "1409-ICMA-GEO", + "Document Title": "Waste Management Technologies in Regions, Georgia: National Waste Management Code Review", + "Document Summary": "This review report presents observations and recommendations related to the intended Integrated Solid Waste Management (ISWM) development process and target outcomes that are the basis for the new legal framework that will result from the adoption of the waste code. This review is based on the findings of a recent assessment of existing solid waste management conditions in the Kakheti and Adjara regions of Georgia undertaken by the project. The report points out that the new waste code is: 1) to improve how all types of solid waste are managed in Georgia and 2) to serve as a basis by which Georgia will meet its obligations under the recent Georgia/E.U. Association Agreement. This review is intended to provide an opinion as to whether the draft waste code, as written, will help accomplish the above-intended results or not. \n\nGenerally, the proposed waste code, as drafted, presents a logical and thorough basis for the intended Solid Waste Management (SWM) results and serves as a sound starting point for the process of improving solid waste management throughout Georgia. The methodology to achieve the desired results will be a function of the strategy that evolves from the new legal framework and the national and municipal plans for implementing the desired improvements. Accordingly, the gaps, impediments, and recommendations are presented in the report to address the forward process that should be utilized to accomplish the objectives of the new waste code upon its adoption. ", + "Key Findings": "In general, the proposed waste code, as defined by the June 16, 2014 draft, will provide a meaningful legal framework by which to undertake planning for effective solid waste management programs throughout Georgia. However, there is considerable work to be done given the current state of solid waste management in Georgia and the improvements required to achieve the desired outcomes of the new waste code. The finalization of a national strategy as well as the development of national and municipal SWM plans will be important in establishing the actual roadmap to be followed in achieving the necessary improvements. Fortunately, the Association Agreement, in addition to its stipulated mandates, also provides an opportunity to learn from the experiences gained in other countries who have worked towards improving their solid waste management programs to E.U. standards. These experiences will be valuable both in planning as well as the physical implementation of alternative approaches that are technically and economically viable.", + "Key Recommendations": "1. The Ministry should undertake a detailed assessment of existing solid waste management practices and facilities throughout Georgia to serve as a baseline for establishing its overall national strategy and plan and, ultimately, measuring national (as well as regional and municipal) progress in achieving the intent of the new waste code.\n\n2. The Ministry should develop or support a comprehensive public awareness and education program concerning the basis of the proposed waste code and the need to improve SWM services and facilities. \n\n3. The Ministry should undertake a detailed assessment of the cost implications of the proposed outcomes of the new waste code as a basis for effective economic resource planning and the development of the national strategy and plan as well as for development of subsequent municipal SWM plans. \n\n4. Since in the waste code will apply to all municipalities throughout Georgia, the ministry should develop or support a program to increase the technical and managerial capacity of municipal officials that will be responsible for developing local SWM plans and implementing the processes and facilities that are required to comply to the intent of the new waste code.\n\n5. The proposed sub‐law on hazardous waste should be as specific as possible in defining the manner by which waste materials would be classified as either hazardous and nonhazardous along with the process that will be utilized by the government in assuring and enforcing compliance. ", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00K8RX.pdf", + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Efficiency and Effectiveness", + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Reputation and Credible Convening Power", + "Risk-Mitigation and Flexible Authorities" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;", + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Environment/Climate Change" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Europe and Eurasia" + ], + "Year": "2014" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Jeremy Kanthor", + "Barbara Seligman", + "Tesfaye Dereje", + "Lisa Tarantino" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "1409-Kanth-GLO", + "Document Title": "Engaging Civil Society in Health Finance and Governance: A Guide for Practitioners", + "Document Summary": "This guide provides practical advice on the range of tools available to CSOs in the health sector, specifically focusing on social accountability tools to help gain access to information, mobilize collective action and advocacy, and support sanctions. The guide also describes how effective civil society engagement, including efforts using social accountability tools, has resulted in important reforms to improve health service delivery performance and inform evidence-based policy. It works to design programs that use mechanisms and tools to engage civil society and government counterparts, is guided by an understanding of the country’s context, and recognizes and mitigates potential risks that are significant factors in productive civil society engagement. Intended for both governments and donors, this guide details several specific and tested practices to promote the effective use of these tools. ", + "Key Findings": "The report highlights that CSOs can play important roles in contributing to more efficient, responsive, and accountable health systems. Through civil society engagement and mechanisms to channel and aggregate the voice of citizen-consumers of health services, healthcare providers and health policymakers have evidence for policy making and new incentives for improving the service quality. The report has provided many tools for program managers who wish to design activities that engage civil society in health finance and governance. These include social accountability tools that engage national, subnational, and local communities through improved access to information, communal action, and sanctions. They also include tools that create platforms for dialogue and planning between the government and the private sector. The report shares activities that take into account the operating environments where civil society organizations are working are making efforts to promote firm, and are producing productive dialogue with government officials are most likely to be successful. In addition, to promote sustainability, program managers need to engage a broad spectrum of CSOs to ensure key populations are represented. Such coalitions should include organizations with the appropriate skills to complete the tools and disseminate the findings, advocate for change, and draw on strong links to local communities. ", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.hfgproject.org/engaging-civil-society-in-health-finance-and-governance-a-guide-for-practitioners/", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Health Care" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Health" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2014" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Tanzania Capacity and Communication Project (TCCP)" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Tanzania" + ], + "Document ID": "1409-Tanza-TZA", + "Document Title": "\"Love me, parents\": An Evaluation of Tanzania’s National Safe Motherhood Campaign", + "Document Summary": "This evaluation report of Tanzania’s National Safe Motherhood Campaign summarizes results, the effect of program exposure on knowledge and behaviors, and their implications/recommendations for future programming. The Wazazi Nipendeni or \"Love Me Parents\" campaign aimed to increase early attendance at antenatal care (ANC) clinics, uptake and adherence to sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) for malaria prevention during pregnancy and birth planning.\n\nThe evaluation results demonstrate that the Wazazi Nipendeni campaign successfully impacted important outcomes such as SP medication uptake, individual birth planning, sleeping under a net, and frequency of ANC attendance. It is important to continue involving providers in individual birth planning in Tanzania and to distribute health campaign messages over the radio as a source most frequently utilized by Tanzanian women. These are all encouraging findings and suggest that those who do use the system find it helpful. ", + "Key Findings": "The evaluation found that exposure to many campaign sources impacted increasing delivery at a health facility and sleeping under a net. In contrast, overall message exposure influenced taking Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine (SP) and knowledge about malaria prevention during pregnancy. Most surveyed women (60.2%) first visited Antenatal Care (ANC) before reaching 16 weeks in their pregnancy – the recommended time. In addition, 76.6% of women reported getting information about HIV/AIDS, and 88.1% were tested for HIV as part of their antenatal care. Over half (57.6%) of women reported their partners were also tested for HIV during one of their antenatal visits, and 59.9% reported knowing their partner’s HIV status. A large percentage of women (69.8%) were aware of at least one malaria prevention strategy in pregnancy, and 89.3% of the total sample (N=1,708) reported owning a mosquito bed net.\n", + "Key Recommendations": "- The message was aired on national radio and TV stations but not regional ones. Campaign exposure can be increased with the addition of regional radio networks.\n\n- Uptake of SMS service was low. It is recommended that referral to the SMS platform be given more prominence –possibly even its own dedicated radio and TV spots and/or print materials.\n\n- Since 35.1% of the women who did not give birth at a health facility reported that they could not make it to a hospital in time. Future campaign should also emphasize the importance of moving closer to a health facility, when possible, as one's due date approaches.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://toolkits.knowledgesuccess.org/toolkits/tanzania-capacity-and-communication-project-toolkit/love-me-parents-evaluation-tanzanias", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Health Care" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Health" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Local Business", + "For-profit approach that generates sustainable income", + "Formal Sector", + "Micro, Small, or Medium Enterprise" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2014" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Stephanie Liu", + "Jamie Lee", + "John McNally", + "Betsy Alley" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Liberia", + "Côte d’Ivoire", + "Iraq", + "Afghanistan", + "Sierra Leone", + "Nepal", + "Bosnia and Herzegovina", + "Haiti", + "Timor-Leste" + ], + "Document ID": "1410-ALLEY-MLT", + "Document Title": "Fragile and Conflict Affected Countries: UNLOCKING THE POTENTIAL\nOF THE PRIVATE SECTOR—FOR PEACE, STABILITY AND PROSPERITY", + "Document Summary": "This document examines fragile and conflict affected countries to see how the private sector can be a driver of development. In these countries economic growth and job creation are crucial since infrastructure is basic/destroyed and the informal sector houses many jobs. The document looks at investing in energy, improving access to finance, and developing agribusiness to stimulate growth in key sectors. It also discusses the IFC’s performance standards to ensure a global standard for environmental and social risks.", + "Key Findings": "1. Jobs are the main pathway out of poverty and are essential for jumpstarting economic activity and promoting social cohesion. They restore confidence in institutions and are central to breaking cycles of violence, where the private sector can play a critical role.\n2. The private sector provides 90 percent of jobs in developing countries—and offers a transformational and sustainable solution. The vast needs of fragile and conflict-affected countries can only be met if private enterprises are able to grow, create employment, provide the goods and services people need to improve their lives and generate the tax revenue that allows governments to provide essential services.", + "Key Recommendations": "Creating an enabling environment for the private sector to function, requires an approach that works together with governments to truly accelerate this\ngrowth.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.ifc.org/wps/wcm/connect/dcd9f4c0-d34a-4556-9e5a-0dcb3a9b0ac0/IFC+FCS+Brochure.pdf?MOD=AJPERES&CVID=lglUzLj", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, and Hunting", + "Financial Services", + "Energy", + "Mining & Extractives", + "Engineering & Construction", + "Telecommunications" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Roshan", + "Lafarge", + "Hummingbird Resources", + "Azito Thermal Power Plant (Globeleq)", + "Pal Gardens" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities", + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge", + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments", + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;", + "Advancing Learning and Market Research;", + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "International Finance Corporation" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Conflict" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Peace & Security", + "Economic Growth", + "Environment/Climate Change" + ], + "Type of Document": "Industry Publication", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Micro, Small, or Medium Enterprise", + "Financial Institution, Investors, and Intermediaries", + "Formal Sector" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Asia", + "Africa", + "Middle East" + ], + "Year": "2014" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Jamie Arteaga", + "Jorge Godoy", + "Nayla Yamel Banguero", + "Juan Sebastián Henao" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Colombia" + ], + "Document ID": "1410-Artea-COL", + "Document Title": "Analysis of USAID/Colombia’s Public-Private Partnerships", + "Document Summary": "This document is an Analytical paper on USAID/Colombia’s Public-Private Partnerships which was produced at the request of the United States Agency for International Development. It was prepared independently by the Evaluation and Analysis for Learning (EVAL) contract and its team members, Management Systems International (MSI) and Centro Nacional de Consultoría (CNC). The paper describes good practices and lessons learned from selecting PPPs and makes recommendations that maximize PPP potential for postconflict contexts.\n\nTo achieve the analysis objective, the Mission put forward research questions on 1) The incentives that could drive businesses to join PPPs in conflict-affected regions, 2) The extent to which businesses are interested in projects that employ and otherwise provide economic benefits to demobilized combatants, 3) PPP sustainability and success factors, 4) How beneficiaries’ lives have been affected by PPP, 5) The models that best foster the replication of these successes by the GOC. The analysis examines a set of 15 PPPs organized into two categories aligned with these questions. First, there are PPPs with a territorial and rural focus that can continue to be employed in postconflict rural areas with producers. On the other hand, are PPPs working to reintegrate ex-combatants – a vulnerable, transient population primarily concentrated in urban areas.\n", + "Key Findings": "USAID has focused much PPP effort on connecting local producers with large commercializing companies. This approach has resulted in short-term successes, with low risk. Generally, these efforts involve local associations and private companies who have previously worked with USAID programs such as MIDAS.\n\nPPPs have also been used to reach development goals beyond economic growth for its own sake. Costs, timelines, and other challenges are generally greater, but when the development benefits are deemed important, these can be useful PPPs. One such set of USAID/Colombia efforts (key to this analysis) targets the reintegration of ex-combatants. The research found that large companies are reluctant to hire ex-combatants, though SMEs at times find it worthwhile, with the right incentives. But the logic behind other PPPs – of helping many under one scheme – may not be applicable to these varied and highly vulnerable groups.\n\nPPPs have served to increase beneficiaries’ licit incomes, particularly in the short term but with good prospects for mid- and long-term economic gains as well. Success in these outcomes depends on a proper combination of short- and long-term income solutions for vulnerable beneficiaries. Other benefits are social and familial, particularly where these benefits are explicitly sought.\n\nThe analysis concludes that successful and expanding PPPs are\nlargely based on the interaction of trustworthy private partners and strengthened beneficiaries, in a context that offers competitive advantages and a set of minimum contextual conditions for doing businesses. The team did not find any relation between the magnitude of the private sector financial contribution and PPP sustainability. The reputation of the private company, however, is critical to building trust and commitment from targeted populations.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00N1BB.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, and Hunting", + "Business Services", + "Financial Services", + "Food & Beverage", + "Processing & Manufacturing" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Coltabaco", + "Crezcamos", + "Postobón", + "Equion", + "Compañía Nacional de Chocolates", + "Latexport", + "Fundación Carvajal", + "CDP del Cuero", + "Larvacol", + "Casa Luker", + "Gente Estratégica", + "La Alquería", + "Fed. Nacional de Cafeteros" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Reputation and Credible Convening Power" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Conflict", + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Regional Business", + "Formal Sector", + "Large Enterprise", + "For-profit Commercial Entity", + "Micro, Small, or Medium Enterprise", + "Business Association or Cooperative" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Latin America and the Carribean" + ], + "Year": "2014" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Fintrac" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "1410-Fintr-GLO", + "Document Title": "From Smallholders to Shareholders: A Guide to Optimizing Partnerships with the Private Sector for Smallholder Impact", + "Document Summary": "From Smallholders to Shareholders is a Guide to optimizing partnerships with the private sector for smallholder impact that lays out the foundation for smallholders to build and expand a partnership with the private sector. The guiding document is prepared to answer why partnerships with the private sector are important, why understanding business models and risk is important, and what we can learn from practice through business models. Beyond providing a summary of the business case for developing private-sector partnerships in low-income agricultural settings, the first chapter of the document offers an approach to partnership development. The second chapter explains how de-risking and value acceleration can strengthen the public-private-partnerships. It also includes the shared value canvas—a visual business model analytical framework designed to capture the most relevant elements of an inclusive business model; finally, the third chapter of the document classifies, analyzes, and presents the most relevant smallholder business models. It provides insights into 11 business models, including key contextual uncertainties, critical success factors, and potential. \n\n\nThe document is prepared with the realization of the importance of the private sector in enhancing and sustaining business growth across the developing world. There is a growing recognition that the most intractable international development challenges will not be solved by aid alone. It will take collective action across sectors to leverage the required skills, assets, technologies, and resources to deliver effective and sustainable development. Donor engagement with the private sector is not a luxury but a necessity. The document has realized the need to engage four billion people who comprise the base of the pyramid to sustain the businesses. Businesses understand that development should be part of their core business if they are to remain competitive in the medium and long term; this guiding document helps to achieve this. ", + "Key Findings": "Over the past decade, there has been an important evolution in how the private sector perceives and engages with low-income rural communities in emerging markets. This evolution—based on the recognition that smallholder farmers should be drivers of their own prosperity— has catalyzed a new generation of business models focused on generating both shareholder and smallholder value.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00SVTP.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Food & Beverage", + "Fast Moving Consumer Goods", + "Processing & Manufacturing" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Ferrero", + "Coca Cola", + "Walmart", + "DelCampo Soluciones Agricolas", + "Blommer Chocolate", + "Olam International", + "Bell Industry Ltd." + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge", + "Risk-Mitigation and Flexible Authorities", + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment", + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Feed the Future" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Agriculture and Food Security" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "For-profit approach that generates sustainable income", + "Multi-national Business", + "American Business", + "Formal Sector", + "Large Enterprise", + "Local Business" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2014" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "James Hochschwender", + "Maggie Smith" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Ghana", + "Kenya", + "Liberia", + "Nigeria", + "Uganda", + "Zambia", + "Ethiopia" + ], + "Document ID": "1410-Hochs-MLT", + "Document Title": "African Diaspora Marketplace Program Evaluation and African Women Entrepreneur Program Assessment", + "Document Summary": "This evaluation of ADM focuses mainly on the activities and results of ADM II while also providing some updates on the results of ADM I and incorporating four key elements that were compared and analyzed against each other: (1) the ADM design, (2) project implementation results, (3) awardees’ business performance, and (4) development impact and implementing partner performance. The report attempts to understand the extent to which the ADM process, diaspora involvement, financing, and any technical assistance (TA) contributed to the business success and development impact. This evaluation assesses businesses’ performance based on the metrics laid out in the SEAF USAID Cooperative Agreement and the milestones laid out in each of the grant agreements. As in ADM I, despite minor limitations in the design and implementation of ADM II, the program continues to produce positive results. Several ADM II businesses have brought innovative products or services to local markets, created jobs, and are increasing local incomes. Diaspora partners were significant stakeholders and decision-makers in most of the ADM II businesses. In addition, most of the ADM II businesses that evaluators were able to visit appear to be showing positive results.\n\nSome of the recommendations include: i) Refine the tools of the ADM competition to enhance the overall process and maximize its short-, medium-, and long-term impacts, ii) Streamline the judging process to require fewer judges while ensuring a fair and transparent selection process, iii) Include additional elements of the due diligence evidence in the full business plan stage of the competition in order to streamline the post-award process, iv) Formally incorporate a longitudinal research element to the ADM implementation programming to optimize learning and legitimize the proof concept. This would include more robust and consistent monitoring and evaluation systems, v) Developing systems for providing TA in line with the technical, marketing, and business and organizational development needs of awardees, and vi) Establishing a communication strategy among past and present ADM awardees and introduce a program- wide mentoring system incorporating the strategy.\n", + "Key Recommendations": "1. Refine the tools of the ADM competition to enhance the overall process and maximize its short-, medium-, and long-term impacts.\n2. Streamline the judging process to require fewer judges while ensuring a fair and transparent selection process.\n3. Include additional elements of the due diligence evidence in the full business plan stage of the competition in order to streamline the post award process.\n4. Formally incorporate a longitudinal research element to the ADM implementation programming to optimize learning and legitimize the proof concept. This would include more robust and consistent\nmonitoring and evaluation systems.\n5. Develop systems for providing TA in line with the technical, marketing, and business and organizational development needs of awardees.\n6. Establish a communication strategy among past and present ADM awardees and introduce a program-wide mentoring system incorporating the strategy.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00KH41.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Financial Services" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Western Union" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "American Business", + "Multi-national Business", + "For-profit approach that generates sustainable income", + "Formal Sector", + "Large Enterprise", + "Corporate Foundation", + "Financial Institution, Investors, and Intermediaries" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2014" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Jose´ Carlos Marques" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "United Kingdom", + "Canada", + "Australia", + "United States", + "Japan", + "China", + "Russia" + ], + "Document ID": "1410-Marqu-CAN-pr", + "Document Title": "Private Regulatory Fragmentation as Public Policy: Governing Canada’s Mining Industry", + "Document Summary": "This paper addresses recent calls to study the role of the state in private regulation. Integrating current scholarship on the state as a catalyst of private regulatory regimes with prior literature on regulatory failure and self-regulation, it identifies and problematizes unsettled assumptions used as a starting point by this growing body of research. The case study traces the evolution of public debates and the interaction of different regulatory initiatives dealing with corporate social responsibility (CSR) issues in Canada’s mining industry. \n\nThe contributions of this study are twofold. First, it contributes to the budding literature on the interaction between various regulatory forms, responding to calls for a much-needed dynamic perspective on the phenomenon. Second, contrary to much of the literature on the topic, it problematizes the role of the state. Based on the empirical evidence presented, the paper suggests conditions under which the state will encourage fragmented initiatives rather than facilitating and catalyzing consolidation and regulatory strengthening. The analysis underscores the need to disaggregate the state into its constituent parts and conflicting motivations, thus reconciling established conceptions of the state as ‘‘the problem’’ and more contemporary reintroductions of the state as ‘‘the solution.’’ \n\nThis paper reviews the evolution of the literature on the public-private regulatory nexus. Whereas private regulation was once viewed as a substitute for state regulatory failure, a more nuanced approach that views these as complementary under certain conditions is now emerging. The paper then provides an overview of the research methods used. It presents a case study on the debates in Canada regarding CSR policy and the role of different sectors in regulating the mining industry. The debate on regulating overseas operations of Canadian mining companies, one of Canada’s most important industries, spans nearly a decade now and is illustrative of how global CSR is addressed by the Canadian government. Lastly, drawing on the analysis, it sketches out possible research opportunities and outlines the likely effects of the Canadian government’s current CSR policy and existing public-private regulatory policy framework. The paper suggests that the present approach will likely reinforce the status quo.", + "Key Findings": "This paper addresses recent calls to study the role of the state in private regulation. Integrating current scholarship on the state as a catalyst of private regulatory regimes with prior literature on regulatory failure and self-regulation, it identifies and problematizes unsettled assumptions used as a starting point by this growing body of research. The case study traces the evolution of public debates and the interaction of different regulatory initiatives dealing with corporate social responsibility (CSR) issues in Canada’s mining industry. Findings reveal the conditions\nunder which the state is more likely to encourage firm-level, fragmented initiatives than facilitate and promote industrywide regulatory strengthening and consolidation. I discuss the need for greater analytical precision regarding the variation in regulatory policy preferences across time and branches of government and the interaction between public and private regulatory initiatives. The conclusion outlines suggested areas for future research as well as the likely outcome of Canada’s current CSR policy framework.\n", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-014-2377-3", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Mining & Extractives" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Prospectors and Developers Association of Canada", + "Mining Association of Canada" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness", + "Ability to Influence Policy" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Journal of Business Ethics" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Economic Growth", + "Environment/Climate Change", + "Democracy, Human Rights, & Governance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Peer-reviewed article or other research report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Business Association or Cooperative", + "Formal Sector" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Europe and Eurasia", + "Asia" + ], + "Year": "2014" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "The Pragma Corporation" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Senegal", + "Cabo Verde", + "Gambia", + "Ghana", + "Togo", + "Benin", + "Guinea", + "Guinea-Bissau", + "Sierra Leone", + "Liberia", + "Mauritania", + "Nigeria", + "Mali", + "Côte d’Ivoire", + "Burkina Faso", + "Niger" + ], + "Document ID": "1410-Pragm-MLT", + "Document Title": "CASE STUDY—Borderless Alliance: Breaking Down Barriers to Trade in West Africa", + "Document Summary": "The case study Report—Borderless Alliance: Breaking Down to Trade in West Africa provides a summary of challenges and constraints to trade and transport in West Africa and offers mechanisms for reducing these barriers by supporting compliance with Regional Economic Community (REC) protocols, collaborating on simplified and harmonized procedures to decrease delays along the corridors, and encouraging investment for the creation of more economic activity to generate jobs and higher incomes. The report highlights the most significant challenge, which includes inadequate logistics, excessive bureaucracy, and corruption. Inefficient management systems and other non-tariff barriers also negatively affect the speed, cost, and reliability of trade in the region. Port, transit, and border clearance processes encumbered by excessive checkpoints, bribery, and delays also play a prominent role in the increased costs and time associated with trade. In partnership with WATH, West Africa launched a trade hub initiative to remove the trade barriers across the West African region by working towards eliminating all non-tariff barriers to trade. It did this by increasing awareness of, and ultimately reducing, constraints to trade in the region through effective advocacy. \n\nIt resulted in significant achievements in reducing bribes along road corridors and up to a 50% reduction in port processing time. In addition, a USAID Trade Hub assessment demonstrated that the number of checkpoints where legal transit trucks were stopped fell from 190 in 2006 to 158 in 2012 for the countries participating in the USAID-UEMOA Road Governance Initiative. The success of the WATH-supported Borderless Alliance in decreasing the time and cost to trade in West Africa offers several lessons for future Hub initiatives. First, intensive ongoing stakeholder engagement is fundamental to effectively addressing the formidable challenges systemically posed by NTBs. Second, programs that publish data showing trade inefficiencies can be used to pressure policymakers to adopt business-friendly policies. Finally, when programs have the support of the public and private sectors and show measurable results, they can be self-sustaining.", + "Key Findings": "The Borderless Alliance, even though relatively young, is already starting to generate a tangible impact on-the-ground in facilitating intra-regional and cross-border trade in West Africa. It has already achieved significant results in reducing bribes along road corridors, and up to a 50% reduction in port processing time (achieved by reducing the number of checkpoints along the corridor). As stakeholders continue to build upon increasing efficiencies, all core report recommendations made in 2012 (in the Lome-Ouagadougou Transport and Logistics Cost study) have been implemented. Since its establishment, the Borderless Alliance campaign advocacy methods and USAID Trade Hub-supported private-sector coalition to increase trade have leveraged significant transport efficiency impacts behind and on the border. Ultimately, it has created a platform for private sector engagement in the sub-regional trade policy-making process; and provided significant business networking opportunities which have encouraged intensification of intra-West African trade and investment flows.", + "Key Recommendations": "The success of the WATH-supported Borderless Alliance in decreasing time and cost to trade in West Africa offers several lessons for future Hub initiatives.\n\n- First, intensive ongoing stakeholder engagement is fundamental to effectively addressing the formidable challenges posed by NTBs in a systemic manner.\n\n- Second, programs that publish data showing trade inefficiencies can be used to pressure policymakers to adopt business-friendly policies. Such programs are relatively inexpensive and effective ways to decrease the prevalence of bribes.\n\n- Finally, when programs have the support of the public and private sectors and show measurable results, they can be self-sustaining.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00TCSW.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Transportation and Warehousing" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "The Borderless Alliance" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Business Association or Cooperative" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2014" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Luis R. Duran", + "Sarah Poggione", + "Ana Maria Majano", + "Ali Asgary", + "Maria Ilcheva", + "Gabriela Hoberman", + "Juan Pablo Sarmiento" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Colombia", + "United States", + "Jamaica", + "Costa Rica", + "Chile", + "Canada" + ], + "Document ID": "1410-SARMI-MLT", + "Document Title": "Private Sector and Disaster Risk Reduction: The Cases of Bogota, Miami, Kingston, San Jose, Santiago, and Vancouver ", + "Document Summary": "Published by the International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, this document is a case study report on the private sector and disaster risk reduction (DRR), which was conducted in six cities of the Americas: Bogotá (Colombia), Miami, Florida (United States), San José (Costa Rica), Santiago (Chile), Kingston (Jamaica), and Vancouver (Canada). The study was led by FIU and supported by USAID/OFDA and the UNISDR, with collaboration from researchers of INCAE Business School (Costa Rica), the University of Chile, Ohio University, and York University (Canada).\n\nThis research examines how disaster risks are factored into and accounted for in private-sector investment decisions. Three sectors were chosen for the study based on their weight in the global economy and their sensitivity to disaster risks—food and agriculture, tourism, and construction. Given the premise that disaster risks are primarily local and are best addressed locally, this paper selects urban areas representing different sub-regions of the continent, where several relevant characteristics converge, particularly when compared to the region they represent: high population density, great economic activity, and exposure to natural hazards. Thus, this study focused on six major cities within the Americas' sub-regions: (1) Vancouver (Canada) and Miami, Florida (US), in North America; (2) San José (Costa Rica) in Central America; (3) Bogota (Colombia) in the Andean region; (4) Santiago (Chile) in the Southern Cone; and (5) Kingston (Jamaica), in the Caribbean.\n\nThis paper analyzes the existing conditions for mainstreaming disaster reduction and resilience into private-sector decision-making processes. These conditions are considered under the concept of the enabling environment, which is \"a set of interrelated conditions—such as legal, organizational, fiscal, informational, political, and cultural—that impact on the capacity of development actors such as CSOs to engage in development processes in a sustained and effective manner.\"", + "Key Findings": "The findings of the paper indicate small businesses show the least progress in the establishment of a business continuity plan in regards to risk reduction. ", + "Key Recommendations": "It is essential to promote studies that quantify and measure private sector losses due to disasters and emergencies while also championing cost-benefit analyzes of risk interventions at different scales in order to obtain solid evidence that can be considered in all private sector investment and, consequently, contribute to building a less vulnerable and more resilient society. ", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212420914000788", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, and Hunting", + "Hospitality/Tourism", + "Engineering & Construction" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Risk-Mitigation and Flexible Authorities" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Humanitarian Assistance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Peer-reviewed article or other research report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Micro, Small, or Medium Enterprise", + "Large Enterprise" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2014" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Aisha Talib", + "Minki Chatterji", + "Jonathan Jackson", + "Jorge Ugaz", + "Stephen Resch", + "Kathryn Banke" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Nigeria" + ], + "Document ID": "1410-USAID-NGA", + "Document Title": "Estimating the Untapped Capacity of the Private Sector to Deliver Antiretroviral Therapy in Lagos State, Nigeria", + "Document Summary": "This report was produced for review by the United States Agency for International Development by Kathryn Banke, Stephen Resch, Jorge Ugaz, Jonathan Jackson, Minki Chatterji, and Aisha Talib for the SHOPS project. The report highlights that private commercial providers represent a growing source of health care in Lagos State, Nigeria, serving people from all socioeconomic classes. While 65 percent of commercial providers in Nigeria offer HIV testing and counseling, just 10 percent provide antiretroviral therapy (ART). Increasing the role of the retail sector in ART provision could help reduce unmet needs, easing the burden on the public sector. To stimulate a more informed discussion about the potential role of the private sector, the report estimates the magnitude of the potential private sector contribution in Nigeria. It identifies barriers to expanding the private sector’s role in ART delivery. The report presents a series of equations to estimate the number of additional people living with HIV who could plausibly receive ART if commercial sector involvement were strengthened.\n\nThis report uses the term “slack capacity” to describe the resources (human or physical) and time not being used that could be employed to provide ART to additional patients without adding any extra resources. This concept is vital because it helps donors, policymakers, and program implementers understand how much flexibility any facility has to increase the number of patients it can treat relative to the facility’s patient volume. Methodologically, the study applied a mixed-methods analysis with four components: a literature review and data analysis, a survey of facility managers, interviews with stakeholders, and estimation equations. The assessment conducted a thorough literature review of existing reports and policy documents related to ART in Nigeria and reviewed relevant national data sets to identify information that could be incorporated into the analysis.", + "Key Findings": "The findings suggest that under optimal conditions, private facilities\nin Lagos State could treat approximately 52,000 additional persons\nrequiring ART and therefore potentially fill all of the current unmet need\nin most divisions and 97 percent of overall unmet need in Lagos State.\nThe estimates show that private providers could take on about 451,000\nadditional ART cases, which far exceeds the estimated 53,620 individuals\nwho are eligible for but not receiving ART. However, at the division level,\nthe distribution of unmet need and slack capacity at facilities varies. In two of the five divisions (Badagry and Ikorodu), a modest scale-up could more than meet any need not currently served. The private sector is especially capable of adding patients in Ikeja division, with providers able to take more than eight times the current unmet need. However, in Epe division the number of people who are eligible for ART but are not receiving it still exceeds the number of cases that could be served by the existing private providers.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://shopsplusproject.org/sites/default/files/resources/Estimating%20the%20Untapped%20Capacity%20of%20the%20Private%20Sector%20to%20Deliver%20Antiretroviral%20Therapy%20in%20Lagos%20State_Nigeria.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Health Care" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "SHOPS" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities", + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Advancing Learning and Market Research;", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Abt Associates", + "USAID" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Health" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Formal Sector" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa", + "Latin America and the Carribean" + ], + "Year": "2014" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "African Strategies for Health (ASH)" + ], + "Document ID": "1411-ASH-MLT", + "Document Title": "Regional Networks and Associations: Results from a Landscape Analysis of Regional Health Sector Actors in Africa: Comparative Advantages, Challenges, and Opportunities", + "Document Summary": "This document is an assessment report of Regional Networks and Associations, results from a Landscape Analysis of Regional Health Sector Actors in Africa: Comparative Advantages, Challenges, and Opportunities. It was produced for review by the United States Agency for International Development through the African Strategies for Health (ASH) Project. To enhance understanding of the contributions and role of regional bodies engaged in health in Africa, the USAID-funded African Strategies for Health (ASH) project undertook a study to compile the evidence on regionalization and the relationships, limitations, and strategic advantages of regional actors. This study contributes to the similar but larger-scale landscape analysis commissioned by Harmonizing for Health in Africa (HHA) with support from the Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation (NORAD).\n\nThis report provides an overview of regional networks and associations engaged in health in Africa. It identifies advantages, challenges, and opportunities for collaboration to leverage impact and ultimately improve health outcomes. It complements an ASH report on regionalization in Africa and regional economic communities titled Regional Economic Communities - Results from a Landscape Analysis of Regional Health Sector Actors in Africa: Comparative Advantages, Challenges, and Opportunities. Data collection for this study comprised stakeholder mapping, key informant interviews, and an extensive desk review. The study compiled the collected qualitative and quantitative data in a database created for the study. Data analysis was performed using SWOT, social networking, and landscape analysis techniques. Data from key informant interviews were triangulated with information gathered during the desk review.\n", + "Key Recommendations": "Given the findings of this study and in consideration of the\nincreasing importance of the regional platform, a few key\nareas emerge for action.\nRecommendation #1: Develop a communication plan for\nraising awareness of the importance of regionalization\nand regional programming within USAID Washington and\nbilateral missions. Regional organizations are recognized by\nAfrican governments and international donors as key players\nwith strong policy influence. It is paramount for USAID to\ncontinue working with them as partners. The interviews\nand literature reviewed as part of this study reveal a lack of\nunderstanding related to the roles of regional organizations\nand processes of regional integration. Efforts must be made\nto demystify the topic and ultimately build consensus around\npriorities for engagement.\nRecommendation #2: Foster direct engagement and policy\ndialogue with regional networks and associations. Regional\nnetworks and associations have a keen understanding of\nrealities on the ground and play a key role in elevating policy\nissues and advocating for change. RECs and international\npartners should continue to engage with regional networks\nand associations to support policy monitoring and the role\nout of standards.\nRecommendation #3: Continue efforts to strengthen the\norganizational capacity of regional networks and associations.\nMany regional networks and associations have significant\norganizational weaknesses. In-depth organizational capacity\nassessments could be conducted to identify capacity gaps and\nfacilitate organizational capacity development interventions\nin the identified areas. Understanding individual networks’\nstrengths and weaknesses will allow potential partners\n(including USAID) to make better informed decisions about\nwho to work with.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.msh.org/resources/regional-networks-and-associations-results-from-a-landscape-analysis-of-regional-health", + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities", + "Ability to Influence Policy" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Advancing Learning and Market Research;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Health", + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "Landscape Analysis", + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2014" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Chemonics International" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Israel" + ], + "Document ID": "1411-CHEMO-PSE", + "Document Title": "Final Report: Palestinian Health Sector Reform and Development Project", + "Document Summary": "This report evaluates the effectiveness of a USAID supported project centered on Palestinian Health Sector Reform and Development. The project focused on institutional development, particularly through improving governance and management practices, quality of health services, and availability of essential commodities within the health sphere. Encourages a multi-sectoral appraoch for better coordination, while particularly looking at the role of Ministry of Health, NGOs, and educational and professional institutions. The report highlights Palestinian health care providers' accounts on how the project has helped improve their health services. This report further provides suggestions and shares lessons learned from the project to provide guidance for future interventions in improving management and institutional reform in the health sector.", + "Key Findings": "Through the project, USAID supported the Ministry of Health, NGOs, and select educational and professional institutions in strengthening their institutional capacities and performance to promote a functional and democratic Palestinian health sector that is able to meet public health priorities. From 2008 to 2013, the project worked to achieve this goal through: 1) improving governance and management practices in the health sector, 2) improving the quality of essential clinical and community-based health services, and 3) increasing the availability of essential commodities to achieve health and humanitarian assistance goals. In 2014, the project continued exclusively on one component, which was to work toward improving governance and management practices and the quality of clinical services in the health sector through expansion of a computerized health information system (HIS).\n\nChapter One presents an overview of the project’s achievements. It also includes as a supplement “Voices of Impact,” a multimedia series in which Palestinian health care providers describe how the project has improved their capacity to serve Palestinian citizens. Chapter Two highlights the effective management promoted by the project in the health sector, and Chapter Three demonstrates the improvements in quality achieved in health services provided by the Ministry of Health and NGOs. At the end of each of those two chapters, the project shares promising practices and lessons learned during implementation and recommends future interventions to support the Ministry of Health in reforming and developing the health system. Annexes provide additional information, including key technical deliverables, interventions by region, and a summary table of indicators for the project’s performance monitoring plan (PMP) and HIS manuals.", + "Key Recommendations": "1. A) Continue to institutionalize HIS as a national health management system, B) Build the capacity of Ministry of Health central institutions to use HIS for strategic planning, and C) Increase district level manager support for the HIS installed at PHC clinics.\n\n2. Strengthen the capacity of the National Calibration and Training Center to institutionalize strategic procurement and preventive maintenance practices across the ministry.\n\n3. Facilitate operationalization of the EPS and SOC as tools for planning for PHC service delivery.\n\n4. Continue a multi-sectoral approach to foster coordination in planning and delivery of health services nationwide.\n\n5. Create a resource library at the Ministry of Health for ministry planning and donor interventions.\n\n6. Build on the adoption of community health worker CHCE criteria by providing bridging training to existing community health workers to enable them to apply for formal recognition.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://chemonics.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Palestinian-Health-Sector-Reform-and-Development-Project-Final-Report.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Pharmaceuticals", + "Health Care", + "Educational Services", + "Financial Services" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments", + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Conflict" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Health", + "Democracy, Human Rights, & Governance", + "Education and Social Services" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Informal Sector" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Middle East" + ], + "Year": "2014" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Helen M. Haugh", + "Alka Talwar" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "India" + ], + "Document ID": "1411-Haugh-IND-pr", + "Document Title": "Linking Social Entrepreneurship and Social Change: The Mediating Role of Empowerment", + "Document Summary": "Using data collected from 49 members of a rural social enterprise in North India, this paper examines the relationships between social entrepreneurship, empowerment, and social change. It elaborates a model of emancipatory social entrepreneurship (ESE) based on processes that enable women to increase their agency and, at the same time, open up opportunities for changing the social order in which they are embedded. The paper presents evidence from a social enterprise established to enable women to earn income and enhance their social standing. The relationship between social entrepreneurship and social change is exciting to this paper. More specifically, this paper addresses the 'What is the relationship between women's membership in a social enterprise, empowerment, and social change? It brings together theoretical frameworks from entrepreneurs and empowerment to examine this relationship. It has investigated the case of Mahaul, a social enterprise in Gujarat, India.\n\nThe paper highlights that the consideration of men in women's empowerment is emerging as an important theme in scholarly literature. A follow-up study investigating men's attitudes towards women's empowerment would be a valuable addition to knowledge about social change. Second, this study gathered narrative data from informants to explore the relationships between members of a social enterprise, empowerment, and social change. This research was appropriate for uncovering the barriers that women face, the challenges they overcome, and how they exercise choice. This research strategy lends itself to broader research application to examine the impact of social entrepreneurship on women's resources, agency, and achievements in other regions and contexts to discover other models that advance women's empowerment and social change. Finally, the paper acknowledges that empowerment is not a purely female construct. Although gender inequality has tended to focus on women, breaking free from the power of another also applies to men.\n", + "Key Findings": "Entrepreneurship is increasingly considered to be integral to development; however, social and cultural norms impact on the extent to which women in developing countries engage with, and accrue the benefits of, entrepreneurial activity. Using data collected from 49 members of a rural social enterprise in North India, we examine the relationships between social entrepreneurship, empowerment and social change. Innovative business processes that\nfacilitated women’s economic activity and at the same time complied with local social and cultural norms that constrain their agency contributed to changing the social order itself. We frame emancipatory social entrepreneurship as processes that (1) empower women and (2) contribute to changing the social order in which women are embedded. \n", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-014-2449-4", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Business Services", + "Retail" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Mahaul" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;", + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Journal of Business Ethics" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "Peer-reviewed article or other research report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "For-profit approach that generates sustainable income", + "Local Business" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Asia" + ], + "Year": "2014" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Linda O’Riordan", + "Jenny Fairbrass" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "United Kingdom", + "Germany" + ], + "Document ID": "1411-O'Rior-MLT-pr", + "Document Title": "Managing CSR Stakeholder Engagement: A New Conceptual Framework", + "Document Summary": "As corporate social responsibility (CSR) concepts continue to evolve, CSR managers' predicament when attempting to balance the differing interests of various stakeholders remains a persistent management challenge. A review of the extensive literature in this field reveals that the conceptualization of corporate approaches to responsible stakeholder management needs to be developed more. In particular, CSR practices within the specific context of the pharmaceutical industry, a sector that dramatically depicts the stakeholder management dilemmas faced by business managers, have been under-researched. To address this gap, this paper utilizes qualitative, exploratory data from multiple research methods to investigate the CSR practices of major pharmaceutical companies in the UK and Germany. \n\nThe data are employed to critically re-examine and revise a previously published explanatory framework that identifies the management steps involved in CSR stakeholder engagement. The resulting revised explanatory framework is the main contribution of this paper. Abstracting those factors that influence CSR practice provides an analytical tool designed to be of practical use for business decision-makers when managing their stakeholder engagement activities. Given that the research addresses values and ideals and prescribes practical recommendations for practitioners, it is essentially applied and normative. Ultimately, the framework proposes a set of steps for developing CSR strategies that could help CSR professionals to make a ‘mindset transition’ from a narrower ‘traditional’ approach to CSR to a more innovative way of thinking.\n", + "Key Findings": "As concepts of corporate social responsibility (CSR) continue to evolve, the predicament facing CSR managers when attempting to balance the\ndiffering interests of various stakeholders remains a persistent management challenge. A review of the extensive literature in this\nfield reveals that the conceptualisation of corporate approaches to responsible stakeholder management remains underdeveloped. In particular, CSR practices within the specific context of the pharmaceutical industry, a sector which particularly dramatically depicts the stakeholder management dilemmas faced by business managers, has been under-researched. To address this gap, this paper\nutilises qualitative, exploratory data, obtained via multiple research methods, to investigate the CSR practices of major pharmaceutical companies in the UK and Germany. The data are employed to critically re-examine and revise a previously published explanatory framework\nwhich identifies the management steps involved in CSR stakeholder\nengagement. The resulting revised explanatory framework\nis the main contribution of this paper. By abstracting those\nfactors which influence CSR practice, it provides an analytical tool\nwhich is designed to be of practical use for business decision-makers when managing their stakeholder engagement activities. Given that the research addresses values and ideals and prescribes practical recommendations for practitioners, it is essentially applied and normative in nature. Ultimately, the framework proposes a set of steps for developing CSR strategies which could help CSR professionals to make a ‘mindset transition’ from a narrower ‘traditional’ approach to CSR to a more innovative way of thinking. ", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-013-1913-x", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Pharmaceuticals" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Journal of Business Ethics" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Health" + ], + "Type of Document": "Peer-reviewed article or other research report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "For-profit Commercial Entity", + "Formal Sector" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Europe and Eurasia" + ], + "Year": "2014" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "DevTech Systems, Inc." + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Guatemala" + ], + "Document ID": "1412-DevTe-GTM", + "Document Title": "Final Evaluation of the USAID/Alianzas Project", + "Document Summary": "This report is the final evaluation of the second stage of the Multi-Sector Alliances Project, commonly known as Alianzas. The evaluation aimed to provide USAID/Guatemala with an analysis of the key findings, lessons learned, and added value provided by Alianzas. This final evaluation also seeks to provide recommendations for implementing future public and private sector alliances, with the suggested focus on health and education. This evaluation was carried out by DevTech Systems, Inc. and the Asociación de Investigación y Estudios Sociales (ASIES). The evaluation strategy was comprised of four phases: a) Phase 1: Establishment of the evaluation project, in which the objectives and expected results of the evaluation were reviewed and clarified; b) Phase 2: Starter Phase: Defining the strategic vision of the program, intervention components, allied organizations, as well as the analysis of the primary documentation of the program; c) Phase 3: Data Collection Phase (field study); and d) Phase 4: Analysis of findings, interpretation of results and presentation of the final report.\n\nGiven that the purpose of the evaluation is to focus on measuring the effectiveness of the Project's intervention methods in its second phase (2010-2014), the methodological approach was aimed at detecting the point of view as to the relevance, consistency, successes, obstacles, and challenges from a group of stakeholders and key partners, as well as recommendations for the sustainability of future experiences under this system. In its conceptual and strategic definition, the Project posed the objective of generating financial resources, in cash and kind, with the main innovative feature of \"financial leverage,\" with the understanding that for every dollar contributed by USAID, the investor partner should contribute a minimum of two dollars (2:1) to social programs in the target communities. Therefore, alliances would be formed with a wide range of partners from the private sector, which could be for-profit and nonprofit organizations of any size, whether large, medium, or small. To achieve the evaluation objective, the evaluation team was asked to focus on the following five criteria: 1) The extent to which the Alianzas Alliance models meet with USAID Principles and Definition of Alliance Building (Modification 15); 2) Added value in terms of successful experiences and significant changes; 3) Obstacles and challenges; 4) Sustainability of interventions; and 5) Observations of project partners to help improve the strategy given a future similar experience.\n", + "Key Findings": "With regard to the relevance and consistency of the Project, most of the stakeholders consulted agreed in recognizing that despite the weaknesses of project implementation, the intervention was consistent and relevant with respect to the original concept and principles of the Project. At the same time, all recognize RTI as a facilitating and articulate institution that inspired trust and confidence on behalf of private sector partners, who were always willing to assume risks and benefits, especially since they are accustomed to risk taking in\ntheir business activities. Although the change of rules in relation to the area of intervention was not initially accepted, none of the project partners withdrew. In the same way, some felt that the project intervention strategy did not consider the business interests of the private sector. Most corporate partners showed there was not much interest to participate in specific topics such as HIV/AIDS and Sexual and Reproductive Health (SRH), in some cases due to cultural factors or lack of knowledge or experience in handling these topics. \n\nRegarding relations with current governments, most of the stakeholders consulted stated that these were developed according to the level of confidence of the private sector with government officials and especially the health and education portfolios. With regard to best practices and significant changes, all stakeholders consulted recognized\nthe high value on the principle of leverage (2:1), although some would have liked this to be reduced to 1:1. The technical support received is also recognized, especially in the areas of management and accountability, the possibility of having a common agenda (thematic an \npriority areas), and the slight achievements in the transition from a strictly philanthropic approach to more strategic approach to the problems identified. With these and other elements, those interviewed agree to assign a high value to the idea of public-private partnerships, especially with regard to nationwide priority issues (common agenda), but aligned to public policy.\n\nAs for the factors of obstacles and challenges, most referred to the contents of Modification 15, especially with regard to the change in geographical area, the reduction of the budget and in the case of NGOs the obligation to become a corporate partner. As indicated in the\ndocument, this is because they prefer to intervene in their area of influence and business interests. The goal of a 2:1 leverage ratio presented a challenge throughout the project period. At the same time, those interviewed still point to the excessive bureaucracy (procedures and controls), but also recognize it as a great added value to their institutions. In this component, cultural factors are again noted as a challenge for the implementation of programs on issues such as sexual and reproductive health and HIV.\nOther challenges mentioned refer to the lack of coordination between USAID programs, lack of contact between implementing partners with businesses, RTI staff turnover, and little specialized technical support received in the areas of health and education, as well as poor\ncommunication, information and disclosure of the nature, objectives, strategies and successes of the project. With respect to sustainability, most stakeholders consulted noted, and highly appreciated, having had a reliable facilitating agency with local staff. Furthermore, success was found responding to the most sensitive social needs of Guatemala, as actors from various sectors were more eager to become involved. At the same time, CentraRSE, United Way and FUNDESA, should be considered as potential successors to the Project. In summary, a great contribution (added value) of the Project experience in its second phase\nin Guatemala is the following: to have been able to attract the attention and interest of the private sector to team in leveraging resources for investment in health and education This because on one hand, the ability to manage and present a portfolio with an agenda, topics,\nactors and strategic areas that formerly appeared in a scattered and disjointed manner ensured the strengthening of capabilities in the areas of management, administration and accountability. All this experience influences the private sector, which is experiencing an incipient change in mindset to move from a system based on philanthropy, to a strategic approach that guarantees a greater impact on issues affecting regions and disadvantaged populations in the country.", + "Key Recommendations": "Addressing the relevance and consistency of the Project, those consulted believe that in a future similar experience, the component related to the strategic vision and sustainability of\ninterventions should be subject to a political agreement between donors, key stakeholders, society, and government. Similarly, the Project should continue to promote and strengthen Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), ensuring that the private sector goes beyond the area of influence (employees and geographical area of direct intervention) to invest in issues on the national level in other priority areas and outside its area of influence and business interests.\nFurthermore, it is suggested that the entity that fills the role of RTI in the future becomes a facilitator and integrator of priorities and priority interventions in health and education (targeted strategy), to allow the private sector to invest in health and education in ways that align with their particular interests. To accomplish this, a sufficiently representative governance structure is necessary that incorporates the political/strategic levels, actors of high national influence, and advisory committees to support implementation. Given these obstacles and challenges, most stakeholders recommend that the partner status be respected, to review and make more flexible instruments and processes, ensure\ncompliance with agreed upon timelines and a staff of specialists to support in priority areas to be defined. All this, coupled with an efficient communication, advocacy and outreach strategy, as well as strengthening the political-strategic level with the participation of other donors, civil society, government, the Academy and Thought Centers to improve vision and orientation interventions.\n\n\nFinally, when considering a future intervention with the public-private partnerships approach, respondents recommended that USAID partners maintain their political and strategic role, continuing the Project with some political and strategic innovations arising from this evaluation, maintaining the policy of not delivering funding to the government, and to develop \"added value\" in partners. They also suggest evaluating the possibility of\ntransferring the strategy or method of multi-sector alliances to one of three consortium mentioned. These consortium have greater potential to exercise that role and incorporate other donors and stakeholders in Guatemalan society, as well to include an M&E system to measure and disclose the performance and impact of projects, to define a strategy and to assign a person to manage the relationship between Civil Society, Public and Private Sectors.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00MFPM.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, and Hunting" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "National Coffee Foundation (FUNCAFÉ)" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Reputation and Credible Convening Power", + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;", + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Youth", + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Health", + "Education and Social Services" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Regional Business", + "Formal Sector" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Latin America and the Carribean" + ], + "Year": "2014" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "ECODIT" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Jordan" + ], + "Document ID": "1412-ECODI-JOR", + "Document Title": "Final Report: Public Action for Water, Energy, and Environment Project", + "Document Summary": "The final report of the Public Action for Water, Energy and Environment Project (PAP) and ECODI Project in Jordan outlines the key achievements and learning from its three project implementation phases (Research, design, and implementation phase) of the project period covering the period from 2009 to 2014. The report highlights that the research phase lacked the public's understanding of Jordan's severe water shortages. It also shows that the water utilities were not communicating well with the public about their services or providing high-quality customer service. Similarly, research shows that the Jordanian public did not grasp Jordan's energy challenges. However, unlike the water sector, households were already taking preliminary steps to reduce their electricity demand. During the design phase, using the results of the Research Phase, PAP identified eight behavioral change campaigns for implementation, classified by sector: four for water, one for energy, two for solid waste, and one that was cross-cutting. PAP’s implementation strategy focused on developing the skills and capacity of existing Jordanian organizations (government, private sector, and NGOs) to design and deliver behavior change projects on relevant topics and messages.\n\nDuring the project's life, there was a significant shift in national attitudes and behaviors to which PAP contributed. PAP leaves as its legacy a strengthened Jordanian civil society that can better affect behavior change through social marketing toward greater energy and water conservation. Additionally, PAP has launched the Jordan Social Marketing Center (JSMC), a non-profit, non-governmental organization (NGO), to provide training and project services in social marketing and behavior change. Based on a survey of grantees and staff, the report suggests following a number of principles for improved implementation that include: i) Understanding organizations’ capacity is crucial, ii) Grantees will need a lot of support, so build that into project design, iii) Providing time and support to grantees (and staff) will result in stronger campaigns, iv) Encourage grantee interaction and mentoring among grantees for lasting results, v) Focusing on one sector could hone results, vi) Financial/policy incentives must be in place for social marketing to work, vii) Research should continue throughout the project, and viii) Monitoring and evaluation must not be an afterthought.\n", + "Key Recommendations": "1. Understanding organizations’ capacity is crucial.\n2. Grantees will need a lot of support, so build that into project design.\n3. Providing time and support to grantees (and staff) will result in stronger campaigns.\n4. Encourage grantee interaction and mentoring among grantees for lasting results.\n5. Focusing on one sector could hone results.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00TCNK.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Processing & Manufacturing" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Toyota Corporation" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Reputation and Credible Convening Power", + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;", + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Environment/Climate Change" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "For-profit approach that generates sustainable income", + "Formal Sector", + "Large Enterprise", + "Corporate Foundation", + "Multi-national Business", + "Local Business" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Middle East" + ], + "Year": "2014" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "GSM Association (GSMA)" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Haiti", + "Niger", + "Philippines", + "Rwanda" + ], + "Document ID": "1412-GSMA-MLT", + "Document Title": "Disaster Response Mobile Money for the Displaced", + "Key Findings": "Mobile Money Tends To Be: \n1. Immediately withdrawn by displaced populations\n2. Shared amongst friends and family after being cashed out\n\nMobile Money Services Can: \n1. Facilitate flows of remittances to and from displaced persons\n2. Facilitate flows of remittances, to women in particular\n3. Contribute to recovery, resilience, and return\n4. Foster economic growth within and beyond displacement settings\n5. Empower displaced populations\n6. Improve the financial literacy of displaced populations\n7. Increase the security of displaced populations and those implementing humanitarian programmes\n8. Enhance the connectedness of displaced populations\n\n", + "Key Recommendations": "1. MNOs need to identify additional gaps in networks and infrastructure in both current and future at-risk areas, and continue to promote the use of mobile money with individuals and businesses. This may involve examining disaster risk projections and recent trends in displacement patterns to identify where to enhance connectivity in the future. In particular, this will likely involve examining rural areas just outside high-risk towns that currently lack a strong network.\n2. MNOs should provide training for mobile money agents working specifically in displacement contexts to help them cope better with the pressures of liquidity and insecurity.\n3. GSMA could organise regular workshops to share lessons learnt by MNOs in the use of mobile money in displacement contexts.\n4. All mobile money stakeholders need to collaboratively strengthen calls for action to government to ease local regulations that block access to international mobile money transfers.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.gsma.com/mobilefordevelopment/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/Disaster-Response-Mobile-Money-for-the-Displaced.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Financial Services", + "Telecommunications" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "MIDIMAR", + "Visa", + "IDEO", + "Smart Communications", + "Land Bank of the Philippines", + "Airtel", + "Voilà’s T-Cash" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships", + "Risk-Mitigation and Flexible Authorities" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "GSM Association (GSMA)" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Humanitarian Assistance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Industry Publication", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "For-profit Commercial Entity", + "Formal Sector" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa", + "Asia" + ], + "Year": "2014" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Jim Tarrant", + "Anu Prasad", + "Samantha Wapnick", + "Clive Mason" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Thailand", + "Cambodia", + "Burma", + "Vietnam", + "Laos" + ], + "Document ID": "1412-Tarra-MLT", + "Document Title": "Clean Energy-Based Power Generation and “Green Growth” Potential in the Lower Mekong River Basin", + "Document Summary": "This report explores the prospects for subregional and even local power grids using local renewable energy sources and what kinds of assistance programs would best serve the interest of promoting the use of renewable energy resources while minimizing any potentially negative and long-term social and environmental impacts on the region. The report intends to provide information to USAID on the prospects for investments in clean energy technology, associated policies, and institutional development in the Lower Mekong Subregion (LMS): Thailand, Vietnam, Lao PDR, Cambodia, and Burma. The report begins with an overview of electric power growth trends across the region and the level of grid integration and power trading. The extent of electric power access and the development of national grids are highly uneven in the LMS. This report next examines currently installed and planned large hydropower development in the LMS along with its economic, social, and environmental costs and benefits, which can be significant. The report provides recommendations for USAID to support clean energy and green growth in the LMS region, including i) Power Trading: USAID could bring a comparative advantage of experience with private power suppliers feeding excess power into the grid. ii) Clean Energy Finance: USAID should work with PFAN as a vehicle for supporting clean energy finance, iii) LMS Databases on Clean Energy: More comprehensive and detailed data on the national and sub-national potential for specific clean energy development is imperative, iv) Assistance across the Renewable Energy Subsector: USAID should work with governing entities to enhance enabling environments for renewable energy, and v) Clean Energy Electrification Strategy: USAID could support the development of local/national energy service companies (ESCOs), which, combined with a dedicated low-cost loan facility to support village-level investments, would be a key element to supporting a renewable energy-based rural electrification strategy.", + "Key Findings": "The combination of the large societal costs of a dense network of large dams and the lack of power access by the rural poor actually argues for a more widely distributed, lower impact network of power sources with lower cumulative and life cycle costs and greater benefits, especially to unserviced rural populations. The policy, regulatory, institutional capacity and infrastructure to support efficient national power grids are seriously deficient in the three poorest members of the LMS (Cambodia, Burma and Lao PDR), most well-developed in Thailand and partially developed in Vietnam. Lastly, solar PV and small hydro energy resources are the most ubiquitous and combined solar/small hydro projects could provide reliable electricity supplies for villages and small towns.", + "Key Recommendations": "- Power trading refers to large scale trades from surplus providers to markets where power demand exceeds local supplies. USAID could bring a comparative advantage of experience to the requirements for setting up trading between excess and deficient power producers or support initiatives being undertaken by other donors.\n\n- USAID could provide business development training for energy service companies ESCOs and work with the Funds to develop project appraisal, due diligence, and transparency measures, where required and support monitoring and evaluation of the Funds’ performance.\n- Continued support for the Asia Clean Energy Forum as an important knowledge exchange vehicle is a very cost effective way of building or supporting regional and broader international partnerships.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00KW3W.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Energy" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Advancing Learning and Market Research;", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Environment/Climate Change", + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Asia" + ], + "Year": "2014" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Indonesia" + ], + "Document ID": "1412-USAID-IDN", + "Document Title": "TB Care I - Indonesia: Final Report", + "Document Summary": "TB CARE I – Indonesia, Final Report provides the key achievements and outlines learning of a five-year cooperative agreement running from October 2010 until September 2015. The report highlights that over the lifespan of TB CARE I-Indonesia, the NTP, with support from GF, USAID, and international partners, has made significant strides in expanding universal access to quality TB care in the public sector. Cumulatively, over the whole five-year period, 15,637 presumptive MDR-TB patients were screened, of whom 4,009 were confirmed to have MDR-TB/RR-TB, and 2,681 were enrolled for SLD treatment. Regarding the engagement of health service providers, significant advances have been made in developing a strong enabling policy and regulatory environment. The Project has also successfully developed and piloted national guidelines with screening algorithms for intensified TB case finding in vulnerable populations, including children, people with diabetes mellitus, and prison populations. \n\n Addressing the gaps in the notification and public awareness, expanding quality services for MDR TB and TB/HIV, and maintaining good treatment results for TB are among the main challenges to be met in the next phase of the USAID program. In the last quarter of 2014, a new strategic plan (NSP, 2015 2019) was developed with intensive technical support from TB CARE I partners, addressing the changing environment and challenges TB control faced. The main priorities included in the plan are: addressing the missing cases and the large gap in case notification; improving treatment success in the private sector and both private and public hospitals; addressing TB in children; improving access to diagnose and treat MDR-TB and TB-HIV adequately; strengthening the surveillance system; ensuring strong political commitment at all levels; and strengthening the infrastructure, human resources, and management capacity of the NTP and CSOs. These priorities, with the lessons learned during TB CARE I, have defined the strategic directions of the national TB control strategy for 2015-2019 and the work plan for Challenge TB- the USAID-funded Project following TB CARE I.", + "Key Findings": "Over the lifespan of TB CARE I-Indonesia, the NTP, with support from GF, USAID and international partners, has made significant strides in expanding universal access to quality TB care in the public sector. There is almost full DOTS coverage at public health center (puskesmas) level, while substantial progress has been made in the engagement of general hospitals (hospital-DOTS linkages): the number of these hospitals implementing good quality DOTS expanded from 127 (2011) to 265 (2014) in TB CARE I-supported areas. The number of TB patients notified by these hospitals increased from 32,708 in 2010 to 54,004 in 2013.", + "Key Recommendations": "1.a. Expand infection control in public and private sector facilities: Ensure the implementation of TB-IC measures, by including the FAST/TemPO strategy in infection control plans at all service levels, both primary and referral level health facilities, targeting all PMDT, DOTS and TB-ARV sites, prisons and detention centers in collaboration with DG Medical Service, and other related ministries and professional organizations such as PDPI, PERDALIN, etc.\n\n2.a. Expanding universal access to appropriate care and treatment\nProvide assistance to scale up coverage of quality TB care at all health facilities, notably those of private providers, in the following forms: Assist the NTP with further integration of TB services in the National Health Insurance (NHI) system and developing mechanisms to assure provider quality (through credentialing, certification, accreditation, evaluation and clinical audit).\n\n3.a. Strengthening political commitment and leadership\nChallenge TB should intensify efforts to support the NTP in strategic planning, management and operations, and securing commitment and sustainable financial support through national health insurance and local government/partners.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00M4K1.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Retail", + "Health Care" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Nike" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge", + "Reputation and Credible Convening Power" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Youth" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Health" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Local Business", + "American Business", + "Multi-national Business", + "For-profit approach that generates sustainable income", + "Large Enterprise", + "Formal Sector" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Asia" + ], + "Year": "2014" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Bill Zimmerman", + "Ben White" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Regional" + ], + "Document ID": "1412-VC4A-MLT", + "Document Title": "2015 Venture Finance in Africa: The Progress of Early-Stage High-Potential Growth Companies", + "Document Summary": "VENTURE FINANCE IN AFRICA 2015: VENTURE CAPITAL FOR AFRICA is the summary version of the report that captures the performance of ventures listed on the online platform and highlights the activity of investors part of the network. As the community grows, this yearly report will lend insights into what is happening across the larger startup space. The report breaks down insights across five indicators: employment, performance, investments, investors, and ecosystem. The report shows an increasing number of businesses successfully growing their operations over time. They generate an increasing amount of revenue and add new jobs to the African marketplace. Indeed, supporting Africa’s opportunity-driven entrepreneurs generates a meaningful return. \n\nThe report highlights that entrepreneurs have secured venture funding in 26 African countries. Especially in leading markets like Kenya and Nigeria, founders increasingly succeed in raising the first USD 100K from external investors. The challenge now is to reach entrepreneurs across markets. At the same time, help these companies grow to a size they become viable prospects for the larger venture capital funds, impact investors, and SME financiers. The number of venture applications on VC4Africa has grown 640% in three years. That volume growth reflects a larger and more vibrant SME ecosystem in Africa: more ideas put into action, more encouragement, more risk-taking entrepreneurs, more networks, and more visibility. While many companies might still be in a stage of pure ambition or mentor dependency, a quickly increasing number are investor ready with attractive offers. The report suggests seeing what trends emerge given larger data sets showing how ventures mature over longer periods. The average and median values of invested capital per venture differ considerably. This implies a significant impact due to a few outliers. Therefore, these outcomes must be treated carefully. The report has identified that the top investment categories are related to the Technology sectors, followed by Agriculture, Health, Finance, and Energy. ", + "Key Findings": "Over the course of 2014, the average team size for a venture increased by 54%, resulting in 5.7 jobs per venture and 49% of the ventures start generating revenue in their first year of operation. In total, 44% of the ventures are successful in securing external capital investment and of the 600 investors part of the community, 82% invested in an African venture. Lastly, the ventures that participate in sector events, or join an incubator or accelerator, secure on average USD 126,090 in external investment.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://assets.aspeninstitute.org/content/uploads/files/content/docs/resources/Summary%20VC4Africa%202015%20Report%20-%20Venture%20Finance%20in%20Africa.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Business Services" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "DOEN Foundation", + "Humanistic Institute for Development (Hivos)", + "Argidius Foundation" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Reputation and Credible Convening Power", + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Venture Capital for Africa (VC4A)" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Youth" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "Industry Publication", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Multi-national Business" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2015" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Bashir Ahmad", + "Maawra Salam", + "Farooq-E-Azam Cheema" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Pakistan", + "Brazil", + "India", + "Russia" + ], + "Document ID": "1500-Ahmad-PAK-pr", + "Document Title": "Public-Private Partnership: Mode of Fast Paced Developments - Pakistan a Case in Point ", + "Document Summary": "Public-Private Partnership: Mode of Fast Paced Developments - Pakistan a Case In Point outlines the key concept of Public-Private-Partnership focusing on i) What do we understand of public-private partnership? ii) What and how has its application been in Pakistan? iii) What lessons can we carry from its success stories worldwide? and iv) An analysis: how can we successfully venture into a public-private partnership? This paper aims to understand the philosophy of public-private partnership, its history, and its impediments in Pakistan. The study has been designed to see things in relation to the contemporary world. The paper highlights that public and private joint ventures in varying capacities and contexts, commonly referred to as Public–Private Partnership (PPP), have attributes like fast-paced developments, optimum utilization of diversified skills, and accelerated growth of domestic expertise. In developing countries like Pakistan, it is rather essential to have collaborative partnerships for accelerated economic growth. The insufficient capacity of the public sector to develop and provide essential services to the community is one aspect that accentuates the private sector’s participation in such projects. The private sector’s sharing of obligations toward the general public builds the spirit of community life, strengthens the socio-economic fabric of the society, and exhibits national character. \n\nThe issue has become complex due to intellectually incapacitated government machinery and their deficient comprehension of worldwide developments in finding solutions through innovations. Their notion of creating justifications on papers and routing case files through sluggish channels provides sufficient grounds for the private sector to remain away. Under such muddling environments, domestic investors turn their energies toward other countries. Shortfalls of public-private partnerships in Pakistan are the issues of management attitude. Its positive developments shall build confidence and trust for speedy public sector developments in the broader spectrum. ", + "Key Findings": "In developing countries like Pakistan, it is rather essential to have collaborated partnerships for accelerated economic growth. Insufficient capacity of the public sector to develop and provide essential services to the community is one aspect which accentuates private sector’s participation in such projects. Private sector’s sharing of obligations towards general public builds the spirit of community life, strengthens socio-economic fabric of the society and exhibits national character. Despite having wherewithal of a vibrant civil sector, Pakistan’s public management has not been able to exploit the potentials of their private partners. On the other hand, private enterprises have grown in capacity, knowhow on technology and management expertise of smaller to mega projects. Somehow public and private sectors in Pakistan have not been able to build comradeship for productive ventures.", + "Key Recommendations": "What We Need to do in Pakistan? \n1)\tDeveloping Attitude\nHistorically Pakistan’s public sector has been aversive to private sector’s participation in development projects of the country. Under these environments of mistrust and deficit confidence, urgent need is to develop attitude of understanding, comprehending global realities, people’s requirement and obligatory commitments to fulfil them. \n2)\tOffice Management \nWhereas the world has moved to modern management techniques backed by technology, our office functioning especially of public sector is as sluggish as decades ago. \n3)\tCommunity Participation \nThere is a disconnect between society and government functionaries in terms of what public offices conceive and what are needs of common people. Resultantly even after completion, projects do not bring out desired economic and social benefits. \n4)\tPublic-Private Participation Instead of Privatization \nPrivatization has more negative implications than its positive outcomes. Therefore, it appears more appropriate to get engaged in public-private partnerships under varying terms and conditions. \n5)\tRisk Coverage and Security \nMega projects can be contracted in multi-stage commitments, each phase not exceeding 4 years. This is in-line with the government’s normal tenure. Any new government coming in, takes first year for planning. Thereafter before it winds up, the projects would have been completed. In this way, joint projects have more chances of success. \n6)\tRecognition in the Society \nDomestic investors in particular, feel encouraged once their projects are recognized in the society. Foreign investors also get international recognition of their projects being acknowledged by host country. Recognition does not cost money; it is only an attitude of appreciation. \n7)\tBuilding Models \nWe are a society of hero-seekers and model followers. Therefore, we need to create models and heroes in public sector development programs.\n8)\tDeveloping Construct of Public-Private Partnerships\nDue care is required to establish correct relationship between public and private sectors as well as consumers and private investor. Projects planned should have socio-economic relationship with end users.\n", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Transportation and Warehousing", + "Engineering & Construction" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness", + "Ability to Influence Policy" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Risk-Mitigation and Flexible Authorities" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;", + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Global Management Journal for Academic & Corporate Studies" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "Peer-reviewed article or other research report", + "USAID Region": [ + "Afghanistan and Pakistan", + "Latin America and the Carribean", + "Asia" + ], + "Year": "2015" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "R Matthew Chico", + "Stephanie Dellicour", + "Elaine Roman", + "Viviana Mangiaterra", + "Jane Coleman", + "Clara Menendez", + "Maud Majeres-Lugand", + "Jayne Webster", + "Jenny Hill" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Regional" + ], + "Document ID": "1500-Chico-MLT", + "Document Title": "Global Call to Action: Maximize the Public Health Impact of Intermittent Preventative Treatment of Malaria in Pregnancy in Sub-Saharan Africa", + "Document Summary": "The ‘Global Call to Action’ outlines priority actions that will pave the way to success in achieving national and international coverage targets in preventing the treatment of malaria in pregnancy. Based on previous reports, a set of recommendations was developed and further elaborated through a series of consultations among key stakeholders. The recommendations address key challenges to the scale-up of IPTp that are required to maximize its public health impact. The ongoing revision of the WHO ANC guidelines represents a strategically crucial opportunity for MiP to be re-prioritized as a core component of focused ANC. \n\nAt the national level, commitment from malaria-endemic countries to scale up IPTp is pivotal to creating sustained, if not accelerated, momentum toward reaching coverage targets. On the supply side, endorsement of IPTp and deliberate integration of ANC services is needed across public health programs, including reproductive health, malaria, HIV, and TB. On the demand side, broad community engagement, targeted promotional campaigns, and empowering women with information on the benefits of IPTp and other services provided at ANC facilities are also important. At the international level, it is recommended that the donors and multilateral organizations such as the Global Fund, the World Bank, the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, UNICEF, and international aid agencies such as the President’s Malaria Initiative and the UK Department for International Development, should work in close partnership with the RBM MiP working group to advocate for and to support health systems strengthening and operational research that is focused on IPTp- both of which are required to meet targets and sustain results.", + "Key Recommendations": "Commitment from malaria-endemic countries to scale-up IPTp is pivotal to creating momentum that is sustained—if not accelerated—towards reaching coverage targets.\n\nOn the supply side, endorsement of IPTp and deliberate integration of ANC services is needed across public health programmes including reproductive health, malaria, HIV and TB.\n\nOn the demand side, broad community engagement, targeted promotional campaigns and empowering women with information on the benefits of IPTp and other services provided at ANC facilities are also important.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://malariajournal.biomedcentral.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s12936-015-0728-x", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Pharmaceuticals", + "Health Care" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Malaria Journal" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Health" + ], + "Type of Document": "Industry Publication", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2015" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT)" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Bangladesh", + "India", + "Nepal" + ], + "Document ID": "1500-CIMMY-MLT", + "Document Title": "Cereal Systems Initiative for South Asia Phase II Project Report (2012-2015)", + "Document Summary": "Prepared by International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), the Cereal Systems Initiative for South Asia (CSISA), Phase II Project Report (2012-2015) provides a number of highlights toward achieving its project goal while addressing the challenges for attaining sustainably intensified cereal-based systems that can improve food security and rural livelihoods. Operating in rural innovation hubs in Bangladesh, India, and Nepal, CSISA involves partnerships with the public, civil society, and private sectors for the development and inclusive deployment of improved cropping systems, resource-conserving management technologies, new cereal varieties and hybrids, livestock feeding strategies and feed value chains, progressive policies, and strengthening markets. \n\nThe report describes the operational model deployed by CSISA in Phase II (2012 – 2015) to reach scale with adapted and targeted interventions that emphasized 1) co-innovation with farmers and value chain actors, 2) production of durable products and insights, and 3) the targeted sharing of those products with ‘change agent’ intermediaries that in turn reach large numbers of farmers. This operational model has permitted CSISA to exceed our impact targets for Phase II while continuing to develop science-based innovations. In aggregate, approximately 2.2 million households are utilizing new technologies and crop varieties due to CSISA’s scaling partnerships in Phase II, aligning with six project objectives. Out of many achievements, compelling private sector investment to sustain impact with farmers through markets and public-private partnerships is key. In CSISA’s transition hubs in NW and Southern India, government partners and entrepreneurs continue the excellent work that CSISA and predecessor investments such as the Rice-Wheat Consortium initiated. CSISA’s work combining crop genetic advances with conservation agriculture and improved water management in the stress-prone eastern IGP shows significant promise for stabilizing wheat yields under a shrinking window of opportunity for winter cropping due to climate change.", + "Key Findings": " CSISA has supported the emergence of a nascent but robust service economy for SI technologies with over 1,900 SPs now active in Bihar and EUP alone. The report also notes that during the wet season 2014, 36 entries in early, 40 entries each in medium early and medium duration were evaluated under machine sown dry DSR conditions at seven locations in India. CSISA made significant progress by releasing 17 new wheat varieties that have superior yield potential and are well-buffered against the vagaries of climate change, have greater resistance to biotic stresses, are fully adaptable to the CA practices and have consumer preferred end-use qualities. In an effort in reforming extensions, CIMMYT and IFPRI organized a learning event on “Strengthening Agricultural Research, Extension, and Input Markets in South Asia: Evidence from Regional and Global\nPractice,” in Washington, DC, June 8-9, 2015.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://csisa.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2014/06/CSISA-Phase-II-Project-Report-September-2016.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, and Hunting", + "Processing & Manufacturing" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Metal Industries", + "Chittagong Builders", + "Rangpur Foundry", + "ACI Ltd" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge", + "Reputation and Credible Convening Power" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;", + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT)" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Agriculture and Food Security" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Local Business", + "Micro, Small, or Medium Enterprise", + "Formal Sector", + "Regional Business", + "For-profit approach that generates sustainable income", + "American Business" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Asia" + ], + "Year": "2015" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "LBG" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "1500-Corpo-MLT", + "Document Title": "Investing for Shared Value: A Framework to Assess Results for Business and Society", + "Document Summary": "This paper proposes a new framework for shared value and presents a companion assessment tool. At its heart is the belief that results for both society and business will be greater if the desired outcomes (objectives) are clearly set at the beginning and if best practice is followed in running the activity (quality management principles.) The framework defines what shared value activity is, with criteria for inclusion, and the tool provides guidelines for valuation. This framework draws on experience over 15 years of working with companies around the world applying the LBG evaluation approach. \n\nThe central insight of this framework is that results for both society and business are likely to be greater if the desired outcomes (objectives) are clearly defined at the outset and if best practice is followed in running the activity (quality management.) In this framework, measurement starts by quantifying the resources invested and then considers the results achieved, distinguishing between those that are direct and immediate and those that are more long-term or indirect. The framework’s final stage is an overall assessment, comparing inputs with outputs and reviewing objectives. An assessment tool with guidance on measurement at each stage is separately available. The framework uses six criteria to determine whether an activity is classified as ‘shared value.’ These are whether it: i) Meets a defined business objective, explicitly linked to a stated corporate strategy; ii) Meets a defined social objective, clearly linked to a stated responsibility/sustainability purpose, mission, or strategy; iii) Provides high levels of social value derived from a business solution, iv) Is different from standard business investment requirements, v) Will yield demonstrable and measurable results, both for the business and for society and vi) Is intended to be scalable, replicable and durable, with a self-sustaining resource model.", + "Key Findings": "In summary, compared to conventional business investment, ‘shared value’ activity tends to be innovative and developmental, finding new ways to do things AND have longer time frames than conventional business investments. However, they have a have higher risks of failure or greater uncertainty and may involve some element of reduced profit margins, at least initially, perhaps with slower sales growth or higher costs. They also explicitly provide ‘added’ social value alongside business goals.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://corporate-citizenship.com/wp-content/uploads/Investing-for-Shared-Value.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Financial Services", + "Telecommunications", + "Food & Beverage", + "Pharmaceuticals", + "Processing & Manufacturing", + "Fast Moving Consumer Goods", + "Retail" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Barclays Bank", + "BT", + "The Co-operative Group", + "Diageo", + "GlaxoSmithKline (GSK)", + "Royal Bank of Scotland", + "SABMiller", + "Unilever" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments", + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Corporate Citizenship" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Multi-national Business", + "For-profit approach that generates sustainable income", + "Formal Sector", + "Large Enterprise", + "Financial Institution, Investors, and Intermediaries" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2015" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Deloitte" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Paraguay" + ], + "Document ID": "1500-Deloi-PRY", + "Document Title": "Strengthening Public Financial Management in Latin America and the Caribbean: Final Training Needs Assessment Report for Paraguay's Ministry of Hacienda", + "Document Summary": "This training need assessment report provides the findings of existing knowledge and skill levels of the countries cooperating with Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC), priority training needs, and the work environment. The study administered the diagnostic approach to assess the training need, which is part of Deloitte’s CYPRESS© (Capacity, Performance, Results, and Sustainability) Sustainable Learning Transformation (SLT) methodology, including individual and group interviews with the Ministry of Hacienda, select Line Ministry staff (MAG, MEC, MOPC, and MSPyBS), and key stakeholders. In addition, an electronic survey of core budget and planning knowledge and skills, or competencies, was developed and administered to select the Ministry of Hacienda and Line Ministry staff. Training providers were also assessed through individual and group meetings using a Training Provider Evaluation to evaluate the application of international training standards (Instructional Systems Design) related to budget preparation curriculum and instructors. \n", + "Key Findings": "Qualitative data was collected and analyzed for trends, similarities and differences in stakeholders’ responses. Below are the key qualitative data findings, organized by stakeholder group for ease of\nreview:\n\n1.3.1 MANAGEMENT MEETINGS\n\nMH Budget and Public Investment Management Departments\n• Department of Budget (DGP) and Department of Public Investment (DSIP) senior management are overly committed to planning and budgeting reform, but often feel stretched thin with many\nsimultaneous and heavy job responsibilities.\n• DGP and DSIP management conveyed on the need to simplify and associate with other secondary legislation and regulatory framework in one organic budget law with a view to create an integrated financial management system that is clear within all its main wings and inter linkages.\n• Lack of a unified institutional framework and financial management structure that clearly establishes the main financial management functions and processes across the Government.\n• DGP personnel spend a disproportionate amount of time in processing of in-year budget adjustment requests from MDAs, often diverting them from technical matters such as monitoring and evaluation. Time resources could be used more efficiently if the administrative processes and procedures were simplified and automated.\n• Lacking of planning and budgeting manuals or Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) specific to the needs of every MDA requires the DGP and DSIP personnel to spend substantive amount of time in providing lead advice and technical guidance to line management’s finance and administration officials.\n• There are limited training avenues for DGP and DSIP employees for such a broad spectrum of planning and budgeting competencies, and staff often does not understand their role in the overall PFM architecture.\n• Coordination with other relevant external stakeholders that serve the DGP and DSIP, (i.e., Civil Service, Public Procurement, Planning Secretariat), is a weakness.\n• There is limited availability of relevant data, such as fixed asset financial information for DGP and DSIP to make informed budget decisions.\n• Management welcome efforts to strengthen planning and budgeting capacities to make reforms sustainable.\n\nLine Ministry Management\n• Line Ministry management was not involved in the PFM Reform Action Plan 2012-2015 and as such the reform dialogue and sensitization with MH is weak. Moreover, communication pertaining to\nreforms and other relating events in budgeting and other PFM generally weak across Government.\n• Existing regulatory framework is very complex, and has grown hastily over the years, fragmented in various other pieces outside the Finance Administration Law (LAFE), thus resulting in data processing and exchange between processes and key units difficult, which often results in duplication of efforts.\n• Documentation of reform lessons, institutional record of training within most prolific Line Ministry is gone (i.e., Ministry of Public Works).\n• The roles and responsibilities of planning and budgeting functions are unclear, and often the communication between the different budget offices within the Line Ministries is limited to non-existent.\n• There is a serious disconnect between the various relevant directorate general units (i.e., Directorate General (DG) Finance and Administration, DG Public Purchases, DG Human Resources, DG Planning) and their respective subordinate cells, often creating duplication of tasks and staffing.\n• Line ministries often lack proper budget management tools and systems, resulting in routine work cumbersome and inefficient.\n• There is a culture of high staff turnover which limits the institutional record and documentation of reform lessons. Management is very concerned about the lack of institutional capacity that is retained\nin their organizations, particularly in budgeting. Due to high turnover, trained personnel do not stay on the job long enough to train other colleagues, or are very limited in number.\n\n1.3.2 HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT MEETINGS\n• The MH Human Resources Coordination Department is understaffed in accordance to international best practices.\n• Jobs are posted internally and externally on the Secretariat of Public Functions (SFP) website and the ministry websites. SFP manages the recruitment process with input from the ministries.\n• The MH and LM have a different protocol for conducting the annual TNA as well as preparation of their annual Training Plan. The MH Training Plan focuses heavily on sourcing external free training versus designing, developing and delivering internal training. The annual training budget varies from across MH and LMs.\n• Currently, MH and LM do not have a protocol for training, developing and promoting staff given concern over how to implement the Law of Public Servants. There is a protocol for how staff apply and get accepted for external training. However, it is different in each organization.\n• The MH and LM have a different protocols and forms for the annual review process. Not all employees complete their annual performance appraisal.\n• Compensation is based on title and the amount of education and training but pay scales vary by ministry.\n\n1.3.3 INSTRUCTOR MEETINGS\n\n• Potential MH instructors are qualified in their respective areas of management, instruction, technical expertise among other functions and competencies and have a solid understanding of their respective\nroles and responsibilities.\n• Many MH instructors also teach to supplement their full-time work in various MH units. None of the instructors went through a competitive selection to be an instructor. Instead, they were “nominated” because of their expertise and years of experience in budgeting and other relevant technical areas.\n• Instructors interviewed have worked or have strong experience as instructor in key fields considered critical and relevant to planning and budgeting such as the financial regulatory framework, financial planning and programming.\n• None of the MH instructors have experienced at a Training of Trainers (TOT) program but one had a positive learning in 2008 from one TOT program at Curitiba/Brazil with the aim of replicating the TOT experience in Paraguay, which never consummated.\n• All instructors felt that they would benefit from more training on how to effectively develop and deliver courses. Furthermore, all interviewed instructors indicated that they would like to become trainers to\nlearn more and teach on other fields relevant to their budgeting or planning job duties.\n• All instructors agreed they do not receive guidance on developing and delivering a course to training participants. Instead, instructors are supplied with generic training materials, (i.e., United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America - UN/CEPAL), core materials in monitoring and evaluation, not adapted to the specific sector-by-sector training needs.\n• All responded the existing regulatory framework and institutional bottlenecks being challenge factors to the strengthening of technical capacities within PFM in Paraguay.\n1.3.4 INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT PARTNERS\n\n• Budgeting trainings provided by International Development Partners (IDPs) are often one-off efforts that are project-focused and are not well coordinated.\n• IDP-funded budget reform efforts with associated trainings are particularly focused on project management and monitoring and evaluation, often seen too advanced, and are not articulated with\nother relating training within MH.\n• Current technical assistance that is underway by the two IDPs is highly relevant to the PFM-LAC Project in Paraguay, and there is opportunity for establishing lines of coordination and collaboration.\n• The Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) agreed with DGP in prioritizing and streamlining of core competencies of planning and budgeting to training plans.\n1.3.5 BUDGET COMPETENCY SURVEY\n\n• Common themes among MH and LM survey respondents included improving the budgeting legal framework, enacting participatory budgeting, grounding assumptions in realistic operating plans, and\nproviding various levels of training to all employees in budgeting competencies and processes.\n\n1.3.6 INSTITUTION CAPACITY SURVEY\n\nMH staff shared:• Their work is important because it is focused on the effective management of public funds and the ability to provide transparency in public administration.\n• The easiest part of their job was working with their team members.\n• Salaries were low and that a lack of career planning has led to low morale among employees and high turnover.\n• Desire additional training open to all employees in technical areas relevant to their jobs.\n• To improve their work environment, staff indicated that they would appreciate improved infrastructure, physical space, and IT software and systems.\n\n1.3.7 MH TRAINING COMMITTEE\n\n• A Training Committee exists within MH that has a protocol for how staff apply for external training opportunities. The Training Committee was established in 2010 with a Training Resolution Act. The protocol identifies the committee members and the criteria for participant training evaluation.\n\n1.3.8 TRAINING FACILITIES\n\n• None of the existing MH training facilities meet international best training practices. They are primarily designed for lectures instead of highly interactive adult training. Several rooms are of adequate size.\nHowever, there is insufficient space and tables for the participants to conduct exercises in workbooks or work in teams.\n• The National Public Administration Institute of Paraguay (INAPP) has a training facility that meets international best training practices. However, the rooms are small and can only accommodate around ten (10) to 20 participants. They also have a computer lab that can accommodate 18 participants. \n\nQuantitative data was collected and analyzed for trends, similarities and differences in stakeholder’s responses. Below are the key quantitative data findings, organized for ease of review:\n\n1.4.1 PUBLIC EXPENDITURE AND FINANCIAL ACCOUNTABILITY\n\n• Major weaknesses in planning and budgeting concentrate mainly in the key domains selected by the DGP for the Budget Competency Survey.\n• The outcomes of the TNA are consistent with the findings highlighted in the Public Expenditure and Financial Accountability (PEFA) assessment in that gaps in skills and competencies are high in the\ndomains considered as primal, such as financial planning, budget accounting and reporting, and leading practices in planning and budgeting.\n• MH has devised a medium-term reform strategy, the Public Financial Management Reform Action Plan (PFM RAP) 2012-2015, to improve planning and budgeting and sustain capacity development, in response to the latest PEFA assessment.\n\n1.4.2 BUDGET COMPETENCY SURVEY\n\n• 318 employees completed the survey of a population of approximately 419. This gives a confidence level of 99% with a margin of error of four (4). This means that the MH and LMs can be 99% confident that the results are within a 4% margin of error of what the MH and LM staff actually believe concerning their budget competencies and their importance. \n• The survey revealed that competencies across Domain #3: Financial Planning and Budgeting were the weakest areas across MH and the LMs in terms of importance and effectiveness. Competencies relating to understanding of the role of taxation and non-tax revenues in the financing of budgets were the lowest overall and below international leading practice.\n• Competencies across Domain #1: Legal and Institutional Arrangements for Budget Preparation were the strongest across MH and LMs in terms of importance and effectiveness. Respondents\ndemonstrated that they have an average to above average understanding of the budget process and its role in PFM.\n\n1.4.3 INSTITUTION CAPACITY SURVEY\n• 103 employees completed the survey of a population of approximately 131. This gives a confidence level of 99% with a margin of error of six (6). This means that the MH and LMs can be 99% confident that the results are within a 6% margin of error of what the MH staff actually believe about their work and workplace.\n• The lowest rated section of the Institution Capacity Survey is Management and Senior Management (24.23% gap) followed by Communications (22.53% gap). The three lowest rated questions are: fairly compensated (38.00% gap), MH values my work and contributions (31.62% gap) and team has regular meetings (28.33% gap).\n• MH management is not fully aware of their training and development role and responsibilities.\n\n1.4.4 HUMAN RESOURCES PRACTICES ASSESSMENT\n• MHs three (3) weakest human resources areas listed in priority order are: \n 1. Compensation 2. Appraisal, Development, and Career Planning\n 3. Training and Orientation.• This is consistent with the findings in the Institution Capacity Survey.\n• The MH training and development function is understaffed in accordance to international best practices.\n\n1.4.5 TRAINING PROVIDER EVALUATIONS\n• The MH and LM internal training providers (MH, MAG, MEC, MOPC AND MSPyBS) lack expertise in Instructional Systems Design (ISD) and application of the ADDIE Model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation and Evaluation) for needs assessment as well as course design, development, delivery and evaluation.\n• None of the MH and LM’s internal training providers meet international training standards. Both the qualitative and quantitative data surfaced very similar key findings validating the Training Needs\nAssessment findings documented in this report.", + "Key Recommendations": "This section contains the recommendations to improve individual and organizational performance based\non the qualitative and quantitative data collected from the Training Needs Assessment as well as the\nconsiderations provided in the previous section:\n• Recommendation 1: MH should prioritize improving the budgeting legal framework, enacting\nparticipatory budgeting processes, promote mechanisms and tools that help to ground assumptions in\nrealistic operating plans, and provide training to all employees at all levels in the identified budgeting\ncompetencies and processes (Domain #3: Financial Planning and Budgeting).\n• Recommendation 2: MH should capture and clarify the roles, responsibilities and accountabilities\ninvolved in the budget preparation process along with providing clear job descriptions, and\ncomprehensive policies and procedures to guide the day-to-day tasks and expectations in budget\npreparation.\n• Recommendation 3: Learning Development Plans should be established as they are critical to the\nsustainability and effectiveness of MH and LM departments, divisions and units. Equal effort should\nbe given to providing coaching, mentoring and on-the-job training for all MH and LM staff to capitalize\non the reality that between 80% and 90% of all learning occurs outside of the classroom.\n• Recommendation 4: Consideration should be given to expanding existing MH’s Training Committee\nmandate (established in the 2010 Training Act) to include internal training so that it may serve as a\nTraining Advisory Board. The expanded Training Committee would be responsible for annually\ndetermining the courses that would be designed, developed, delivered and evaluated internally in\naccordance to a more robust Training Needs Assessment.\n• Recommendation 5: Courses proposed as part of this program should be sequenced by the Training\nAdvisory Board according to priorities and levels of skills proficiency and competency. All budget\npreparation courses should be performance-based and provide both theory and practice so that\nknowledge and skills, or competencies, are built and sustained.\n• Recommendation 6: The Training Advisory Board should evaluate the merits of appointing MH’s\nHead of Human Resources Department of Well Being and Training to be the MH Training Lead to\nsupport the implementation of the Sustainable Learning Transformation. This will foster capacity\nbuilding and long-term sustainability.\n• Recommendation 7: Training Departments within each Line Ministry should build and implement a\ncomprehensive Training of Trainer’s Program and require all employees engaged in staff training to\ntake and successfully pass the program. Successful completion would entail designing, developing\nand delivering programs in accordance to international best training standards.\n• Recommendation 8: Training Departments within the MH and the Line Ministries should be\nstrengthened so they can be less reliant on externally provided training. Building expertise in\nInstructional Systems Design and the application of the ADDIE Model to determine, design, develop,\ndeliver and evaluate training within these units is strongly recommended.\n• Recommendation 9: Any Training of Trainers Program should begin within MH and then be rolled-\nout to line ministries following similar training governance and instructor selection arrangements.\n• Recommendation 10: Strong consideration should be given to purchasing additional training related\nfurniture and equipment for the MH to provide a training room that meets international best training\npractices.\n• Recommendation 11: Existing budget instructors should be encouraged to apply for the Training of\nTrainers Program so that they can grouped according to their work, and academic specialization\nalong with the planning and budgeting competencies and fourteen technical courses proposed in this\nreport. This will allow them to design, develop and deliver performance-based courses that provide\ndocumented learning and high on-the-job retention.\n• Recommendation 12: MH needs to strengthen and appropriately staff several human resources\nfunctions to support the implementation of performance-based budget training listed in priority order:\no Training and Orientation\no Appraisal, Development and Career Planning\no Strategy, Planning, Policies and Communication\no Succession Planning.\n• Recommendation 13: A Standard Operations Procedure Manual for Training should be written that\nreflects a culture of accountability and transparency, characteristics that are integral to sustainability.\nThis manual should be a living document that is frequently referenced, well-communicated, and\nrevised.\n• Recommendation 14: The MH should provide training to all managers to promote a standardized\nlevel of managerial support. In addition, all managers should be trained to provide direct, clear and\ntimely communication with all staff.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00MB1G.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Financial Services", + "Other" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Deloitte", + "CEAMSO (Centro de Estudios Ambientales y Sociales)" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Advancing Learning and Market Research;", + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID", + "Strengthening Public Financial Management in LAC (PFMLAC)" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Multi-national Business", + "American Business", + "Large Enterprise", + "For-profit approach that generates sustainable income", + "Regional Business" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Latin America and the Carribean" + ], + "Year": "2015" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "M Duffy", + "S Lamstein", + "C Lutter", + "P Koniz-Booher" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "1500-Duffy-MLT", + "Document Title": "Review of Programmatic Responses to Adolescent and Women's Nutritional Needs in Low and Middle Income Countries", + "Document Summary": "This report is one of two discussion papers commissioned to identify critical issues and practices regarding the scientific evidence to summarize recent and current programmatic experiences; this paper serves as the second of these papers. This paper aims to review the approaches used, practices promoted, and lessons learned by projects and programs set out to improve the nutrition of adolescent girls and WRA in low- and middle-income countries. Specifically, it sets out to provide information on global programmatic experiences to enhance the nutrition of WRA and summarize inputs, outcomes, and lessons learned from implementers who have or are currently carrying out nutrition programs for WRA. To gather information, two search strategies were used. First, a literature review was conducted covering programs from 2004 through 2014. Second, an online survey was developed and sent to practitioners in the field requesting information during the same period. \n\nThe paper highlights that priority nutrition practices were promoted or delivered through various activities, strategies, and delivery platforms. Capacity building of local organizations/governments (23 percent) and community-based media for nutrition education and promotion (21 percent) were used most often. In contrast, the distribution of micronutrients, food, or cash (13 percent) and mass media (8 percent) was used least often. The most commonly promoted nutrition practices were described as improved eating practices (34 percent) followed by the consumption of iron folic acid intake (27 percent), consumption of a diverse diet (17 percent), and purchase/consumption of fortified foods (13 percent). Few programs promoted the consumption of micronutrient supplements (5 percent), intake of amounts of water (3 percent), or consumption of other food (1 percent) as a priority practice. Out of the 53 programs identified, only nine targeted adolescent girls, and only nine provided data on the effectiveness of the intervention. \n", + "Key Findings": "This review includes a total of 53 programs that reported efforts to improve the nutritional status of adolescent girls and/or WRA in LMIC between 2004 and 2014. Priority nutrition practices have been promoted or delivered through a broad range of delivery platforms,\nstrategies, and activities which have been grouped into the following categories:\n\n• Community-based platforms for nutrition education and promotion\n• Mass media\n• Distribution of micronutrients, food, or cash\n• Capacity building of health workers (or other service delivery agents)\n• Capacity building of local organizations / governments\n• Policy/strategy/protocol development\n\nFigure 1 shows the frequency that each delivery strategy or activity was used by the programs reviewed. Capacity building of local organizations / governments (31 programs, 58 percent) and community-based platforms for nutrition education and promotion (28 programs, 53 percent) were used most often while distribution of\nmicronutrients, food, or cash (17 programs, 32 percent) and mass media (10 programs, 19 percent) were used least often. The nutrition practices targeted by the projects and programs studied were grouped as follows:\n\n• Improved eating practices4\n• Consumption of a diverse diet\n• Purchase/consumption of fortified foods\n• Intake of adequate amounts of water\n• Consumption/intake of IFA/iron\n• Consumption/intake of micronutrient supplements\n\nNone of the programs reported promoting rest during pregnancy. Nutrition-sensitive practices were considered beyond the scope of this review. As illustrated in Figure 2, the most commonly promoted nutrition practices were described as improved eating practices (30 programs, 57 percent) followed by the intake of IFA/iron (20 programs, 38 percent), consumption of a diverse diet (14 programs, 26 percent), and purchase/consumption of fortified foods (11 programs, 21 percent). Few programs promoted the intake of micronutrient supplements (4 programs, 8 percent), intake of adequate amounts of water (2 programs, 4 percent), and the consumption of additional food (1 program, 2 percent) as a priority practice. Programs identified through the search are described in the sections below. Those programs that aimed to improve the nutritional status of more than one population of interest, and provided specific information for each targeted population, are described in each corresponding section.", + "Key Recommendations": "Based on the synthesis of the literature findings and survey responses, the following policy-level\nrecommendations are made: 1) address nutrition of adolescent girls and WRA in policies, systems, and guidelines;\n2) define adolescence and bring attention to the specific nutritional needs of adolescent girls; 3) disaggregate\ndata by age and gender at the national level; 4) integrate nutrition guidelines into existing adolescent, maternal\nand child health, prevention of maternal to child transmission of HIV , and other guidelines that address services\nfor WRA; and; 5) streamline and collaborate at all levels. With respect to nutrition programming for adolescent\ngirls and WRA, the paper identified the following: 1) expand upon lessons learned from IFA programs; 2) consider\ninterventions to prevent and address risk factors for nutrition-related noncommunicable diseases (N-RNCDs); 3)\nidentify platforms to address the nutritional needs of women outside of pregnancy and lactation periods; 4)\ninvolve women and communities in nutritional program planning; 5) identify opportunities for multisectoral\ncollaborations and program integration; and, 6) address gender norms.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.spring-nutrition.org/sites/default/files/publications/reports/spring_review_programmatic_responses.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, and Hunting" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Pakistan Flour Mills Association" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID", + "Strengthening Partnerships, Results, and Innovations in Nutrition Globally (SPRING)" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Youth" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Health" + ], + "Type of Document": "Systematic review or Meta-analysis", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Business Association or Cooperative", + "Formal Sector", + "Regional Business" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2015" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Feed the Future" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global", + "Ethiopia", + "Ghana", + "Kenya", + "Uganda", + "Bangladesh", + "Cambodia", + "Nepal", + "Tajikistan", + "Honduras", + "Guatemala", + "Haiti", + "Liberia", + "Malawi", + "Mali", + "Mozambique", + "Rwanda", + "Senegal", + "Tanzania", + "Zambia" + ], + "Document ID": "1500-Feed-GLO-B", + "Document Title": "2015 Achieving Impact Leadership and Partnership to Feed the Future: US Government Efforts to Fight Hunger, Poverty and Malnutrition", + "Document Summary": "2015-ACHIEVING IMPACT: Leadership and Partnership to Feed the Future highlights progress under Feed the Future. Feed the Future is President Obama’s signature initiative to combat global hunger, food insecurity, malnutrition, and other major U.S. Government food security efforts through the fiscal year 2014. This report highlights the initiative that is helping farmers, businesses, policymakers, and others to create better policy environments. This would aid farm innovation and investments that can extend to create off-farm jobs, increase production, and open new markets. Taken together, the stories documented by the project demonstrate the breadth of U.S. Government contributions to meaningful progress against hunger, poverty, and malnutrition and represent significant U.S. Government foreign assistance efforts in the fight to end extreme poverty in the world. Data demonstrate that these efforts contribute to substantial reductions in poverty and childhood stunting. \n\nThe report argues that at the heart of Feed, the Future is the understanding that development efforts are most successful when coordinated with countries as they contribute to and determine their unique food security and nutrition needs. In addition to helping millions of smallholder farmers improve their yields and incomes and helping families—particularly mothers and young children—improve nutrition, new data show that the project’s efforts are contributing to downward trends in poverty and malnutrition, Feed the Future’s two top goals. These results suggest that Feed the Future can meet its ambitious goal of reducing poverty and stunting by an average of 20 percent across the areas where the initiative works. One of Feed the Future’s core tenets is working with smallholder farmers, particularly women, to unlock the transformative potential of agriculture, connect more people to local markets and the global economy, and pave a pathway out of poverty. ", + "Key Findings": "2014 was a momentous year for Feed the Future. In addition to helping millions of smallholder farmers improve their yields and incomes and\nhelping families—particularly mothers and young children—improve nutrition, new data show that our efforts are contributing to downward trends in poverty and malnutrition, Feed the Future’s two top goals. These results suggest that Feed the Future can meet its ambitious goal of reducing poverty and stunting by an average of 20 percent across the areas where the initiative works. While additional impact data are still being collected to measure changes in incomes and poverty, preliminary data indicate that Feed the Future programs, along with complementary U.S. Government and other donor activities, are building a strong foundation for continued economic growth and\nresilient communities. ", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PBAAJ283.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, and Hunting" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "DuPont Pioneer", + "Guts Agro Industry", + "Mahyco" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments", + "Reputation and Credible Convening Power" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Feed the Future" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth", + "Conflict" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Agriculture and Food Security" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "For-profit approach that generates sustainable income", + "Formal Sector", + "Large Enterprise", + "American Business", + "Multi-national Business", + "Micro, Small, or Medium Enterprise", + "Regional Business" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Global", + "Africa", + "Asia", + "Latin America and the Carribean" + ], + "Year": "2015" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Róisín Hinds" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "1500-Hinds-GLO", + "Document Title": "The Social Impact of Private Sector Development", + "Document Summary": "The GSDRC Topic Guides aim to provide a clear, concise, and objective report on findings from rigorous research on critical areas of development policy. This topic guide synthesizes the most recent evidence on the social impacts of private sector development work, documenting emerging approaches and lessons learned. This guide focuses on organized firms and chains, such as agri-supply chains and large consumer-base companies. Despite increasing donor attention in this area, there needs to be more systematic evaluations and rigorous evidence of the social impacts of PSD. This guide focuses on the social impact of private sector development work delivered through regulation, supply chain relationships, and market development. It also looks at two overarching issues – i) women, girls, and private sector development; and ii) monitoring and evaluation frameworks. And it looks at two emerging issues – i) business and human rights and ii) participation and technology. \n\nSome of the emerging findings from the available report include i) Regulation: Some regulatory efforts have had positive social impacts, but the evidence base is limited; ii) Firms and supply chains: Many interventions focus on upgrading and sharing the gains from participating in global, regional, and national value chains, including linking producers to high-value markets and improving working conditions, iii) Monitoring and evaluation: There is limited evidence on how M&E approaches can measure changes in private sector activity in ways that reach the poorest and most excluded, iv) Women, girls, and private sector development: There is some evidence that PSD approaches that integrate women and girls have had positive impacts, but the evidence base is relatively limited and dominated by a small number of descriptive studies, and v) Participation and new technology: As this is an emerging body of evidence, there is limited evidence of long-term impacts.", + "Key Findings": "The emerging findings from the available literature assist in understanding that regulatory processes include national legislation and voluntary self-regulation within firms. Evidence on the links between regulation and inclusive growth is inconsistent. Some\nregulatory efforts have had positive social impacts, but the evidence base is limited. Many interventions focus on upgrading and sharing the gains from participating in global, regional and national value chains, including linking producers to high-value markets and improving working conditions. Evidence of the impact of interventions is limited by a lack of rigorous evaluations, but there are some case study examples of success. In terms of market development, they are particularly important for poor men and women, yet they are often costly or difficult to access. Interventions aim to increase access to markets by providing new technologies and technical assistance, and by brokering links between producers and buyers.", + "Internet URL of Document": "http://www.gsdrc.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/Social_Impact_Private_Sector_Dev.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Retail" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "H&M", + "GAP" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Reputation and Credible Convening Power", + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "GSDRC" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth", + "Conflict" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "Industry Publication", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Multi-national Business", + "For-profit approach that generates sustainable income", + "Formal Sector", + "Large Enterprise", + "American Business" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2015" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "HP+" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "1500-HP+-GLO", + "Document Title": "Towards an AIDS-Free Generation: Health Policy Plus Supports PEPFAR's Drive to Reach HIV Treatment, Care, Support Targets", + "Document Summary": "Towards an AIDS-Free Generation: Health Policy Plus Supports PEPFAR’s Drive to Reach HIV Treatment, Care, Support Targets gives an overview of Health Policy Plus (HP+), a USAID- and PEPFAR-funded five-year cooperative agreement (2015–2020). According to the paper, the project develops sustainable solutions to support the achievement of the Joint United Nations Program on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) 90-90-90 targets, sustained HIV epidemic control, and realization of the 2015 World Health Organization (WHO) Treatment Guidelines. HP+ helps USAID realize PEPFAR 3.0’s five action agendas; impact, human rights, efficiency, sustainability, partnership with policy, financing, governance, advocacy, stigma and discrimination, and gender and sexual diversity as HP+ Focus Areas.\n\nThe paper highlights that with tested tools and approaches for impact modeling, geo-targeting, service optimization, evidence dissemination, and advocacy, HP+ helps countries target and tailor their responses to reach specific populations and geographic areas, ensuring that PEPFAR’s investments yield maximum impact. HP+ helps countries address human rights challenges faced by people living with HIV (PLHIV) and key populations, improving access, uptake, and long-term retention within comprehensive HIV services. HP+ strengthens civil society competencies, social capital, and access to resources to address discriminatory laws and policies that threaten to erase gains in controlling the epidemic. Through costing and financial analyses linked to the ART cascade, HP+ helps countries understand resource requirements to achieve 90-90-90 and epidemic control targets effectively. PEPFAR suggests further rationalization of resource spending by geographically targeting investments for scale-up. The project supports the Sustainable Financing Initiative (SFI) through evidence-based advocacy efforts with parliamentarians, ministries of finance, and senior government officials to secure and utilize enhanced domestic funding for the scale-up of HIV programming, including budget provisions for essential commodities and innovative financing tools such as HIV and AIDS trust funds. HP+ convenes and facilitates collaboration among multiple sectors and partners to fulfill their shared responsibility to PLHIV.", + "Internet URL of Document": "http://www.healthpolicyplus.com/ns/pubs/2002-2002_HPPlusHIV.pdf", + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Reputation and Credible Convening Power" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "HP+" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Health" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2015" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Corinna Hawkes", + "Lawrence Haddad" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "1500-IEG-GLO", + "Document Title": "Actions and Accountability to Advance Nutrition and Sustainable Development", + "Document Summary": "ACTIONS AND ACCOUNTABILITY TO ADVANCE NUTRITION AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, the Global Nutrition Report provides the pathways with country-specific examples to follow while achieving the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) targets of ending all forms of malnutrition by 2030. The Global Nutrition Report 2014 reported on the dazzling advances made by Bangladesh, Brazil, Colombia, Peru, Viet Nam, and the Indian state of Maharashtra. The Global Nutrition Report 2015 reports on new and significant progress in reducing malnutrition in Egypt, Ethiopia, Kenya, Nepal, Rwanda, Tanzania, and nearly all Indian states. Analysis suggests that they brought multiple factors to bear on the challenge of malnutrition. The details differ from country to country, but their successes follow a common pattern. Each created a political environment conducive to nutrition-improving actions, committed investments in high-impact, cost-effective nutrition interventions, and adopted policies in a wide range of economic and social sectors expected to contribute to nutrition advancement. \n\nThere is, then, a virtuous circle of escalating performance between improved nutrition status and sustainable development. On the one hand, individuals free of malnutrition can better realize their potential and that of their families, communities, and countries. They will be the drivers of sustainable development. On the other hand, a sustainable development policy that is mindful of the need to improve nutrition will, in turn, drive more rapid improvements in nutrition. That virtuous circle has yet to be fully sprung. This report makes recommendations aimed at doing just that. To contribute toward meeting this challenge, the Global Nutrition Report seeks to monitor progress, accelerate nutrition action, and enhance accountability. Specifically, the report shows that if we are to build on existing successes, several steps need to happen. Some of them include: i) Meet targets on nutrition outcomes and practices, and deliver on commitments to take action, ii) Unleash the virtuous circle of improved nutrition and sustainable development, and iii) Strengthen accountability in nutrition.", + "Key Findings": "Ending malnutrition in all its forms will drive sustainable development forward. This point needs to be emphasized more strongly in efforts to achieve and monitor the Sustainable Development Goals. Although a great deal of progress is being made in reducing malnutrition, it is still too slow and too uneven, while some forms of malnutrition, namely adult overweight and obesity, are actually increasing. Concrete action to address malnutrition, backed by financing, is being scaled up—but not nearly enough to meet the 2025 World Health Assembly (WHA) targets or the SDG target of ending malnutrition in all its forms by 2030. Commitment to and financing for nutrition will need to be ramped up significantly if we are to meet these eminently reachable global targets. A virtuous cycle of improved nutrition and sustainable development can be unleashed if action to address malnutrition in all its forms can be embedded within key development sectors. The accountability of all nutrition stakeholders needs to improve if this virtuous circle between sustainable development and nutrition is to be fully realized. Significant reductions in malnutrition—in all its forms—are possible by 2030.", + "Key Recommendations": "1. MEET TARGETS ON NUTRITION OUTCOMES AND PRAC-\nTICES, AND DELIVER ON COMMITMENTS TO TAKE ACTION.\nCountries, aid donors, development agencies, compa-\nnies, and many others have made public commitments to combat malnutrition in recent years. It is time to\nmake good on these commitments.\n\n2. UNLEASH THE VIRTUOUS CIRCLE OF IMPROVED NUTRI-\nTION AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT. The forces that prevent good nutrition status are powerful and multi-\nsectoral, and they need to be counteracted by forces that are equally powerful and multisectoral.\n\n3. STRENGTHEN ACCOUNTABILITY IN NUTRITION. Our ability\nto hold duty bearers accountable for their commitments\nneeds to be strong. Strong accountability will give all\nstakeholders—existing and new—more confidence that\ntheir actions will have an impact, that bottlenecks to\nprogress will be identified and overcome, and that their\nsuccesses will inspire others.", + "Internet URL of Document": "http://www.thousanddays.org/wp-content/uploads/2015-Global-Nutrition-Report.pdf", + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities", + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "International Food Policy Research Institute" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Youth", + "Conflict", + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Health" + ], + "Type of Document": "Peer-reviewed article or other research report", + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2015" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Garima Jain" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "India" + ], + "Document ID": "1500-Jain-IND", + "Document Title": "The Role of Private Sector for Reducing Disaster Risk in Large Scale Infrastructure and Real Estate Development: Case of Delhi ", + "Key Findings": "There are gaps in the regulatory environment that drive lack of incentives for the private sector stakeholders to invest in disaster risk reduction measures in large scale infrastructure projects. The approval processes and capacities of authorities are not sufficient to ensure the inclusion of disaster risk reduction measures, which leads to developments built in disaster prone areas, increasing the exposure and thereby the risk\nto property, people, systems and economy.", + "Key Recommendations": "Potential ways forward include: increasing stakes and improving relative power dynamics; policy and advocacy; institutional development and capacity; research. ", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2212420914000764", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Financial Services", + "Transportation and Warehousing", + "Engineering & Construction" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Risk-Mitigation and Flexible Authorities" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Elsevier" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Humanitarian Assistance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Financial Institution, Investors, and Intermediaries", + "Local Business" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Asia" + ], + "Year": "2014" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Eric Kueneman", + "Donald G. Brown", + "Thomas S. Walker", + "Calvin O. Qualset" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Nepal", + "India", + "Bangladesh" + ], + "Document ID": "1500-Kuene-MLT", + "Document Title": "Cereal Systems Initiative for South Asia (CSISA) Phase II Evaluation Report", + "Document Summary": "This report provides evidence on areas for future focus both at the country level (Bangladesh, India, and Nepal) and in the initiative-wide context aiming to understand if and how targeted results were occurring, evaluate what program component approaches are working well, which are not performing as expected, and to provide constructive feedback to the CSISA implementation team to improve program effectiveness. The study administered the field-based review across three countries, interviews, and group sessions involving CSISA staff members, partner organizations, service providers, and farmers. The study team also disseminated an online survey to CSISA staff and partners. In addition, the team reviewed all annual reports, planning documents, previous project reviews, and many technical and communication publications. \n", + "Key Findings": "The report analyses the change instigated through work done primarily at innovation hubs including innovation applications to policy and enabling processes. It includes the work done to foster development such as partnership building and training, as well as stakeholder enabling through impact pathway-based holistic approaches. In terms of biological and physical research, all research except macro-level policy research. Subsections include: economics at the farm level, crop-specific research, process/systems research, rice breeding, wheat breeding, research related to livestock production enhancement byILRI, and fish in Bangladesh by WorldFish .CIMMYT leads for India and Nepal and IRRI has the principle management role in Bangladesh while cross-cutting themes of mechanization/labor constraints, gender, water management, nutrition and climate change are also noted. ", + "Key Recommendations": "We recommend continued emphasis on the following R&D activities that are central to CSISA:\n• Optimization of rice-wheat production systems in Bihar and Eastern Uttar Pradesh in India\n• Optimization of rice-based production systems in “low-yielding” Kharif rice systems typified by Odisha (also relevant in Jharkhand and other states of East India)\n• Optimization of rice-based production systems in central and northern Bangladesh, including Rangpur and Mymensingh hubs, each with about 15 million people\n• Optimization of rice-wheat production systems in the Terai of central and western Nepal; hill-lands R&D to continue only if appropriately funded", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.globalwaters.org/sites/default/files/Cereal%20Systems%20Initiative%20for%20South%20Asia%20%28CSISA%29%20Phase%20II%20Evaluation%20Report.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Processing & Manufacturing" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Rangpur Foundry", + "ACI Ltd" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships", + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Advancing Learning and Market Research;", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Feed the Future" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Agriculture and Food Security" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Local Business", + "For-profit approach that generates sustainable income" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Asia" + ], + "Year": "2015" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Jane Nelson", + "Marli Porth", + "Kara Valikai", + "Honor McGee" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "1500-Nelso-GLO", + "Document Title": "A Path to Empowerment: The role of corporations in supporting women's economic progress", + "Document Summary": "This report has focused primarily on the role of multinational companies with global reach and influence. Still, companies of all sizes can take steps to improve gender equity and opportunity in their core business activities, if not within their broader community. The report suggests that regardless of a company’s size, country of operation, or industry sector, every business leader should ask themselves the following four questions: i) How can we most effectively integrate gender priorities—both risks and opportunities—into our corporate strategy, leadership, and governance structures? ii) How can my company engage more directly and effectively with women as employees, business partners, and individual contributors in our core business operations and value chain? iii) How can we harness our community investment and philanthropy programs to enable women and girls to build their human capital, economic assets, and leadership capacity? and iv) How can we leverage corporate research, communications, and policy dialogue to improve the quality of data collection and analysis on women and to advocate for women’s rights and opportunities? \n\nThe report points out that the agenda for action on pages 74 and 75 of the document is focused on these four questions. It provides a set of 32 actions that companies can consider, most of which have been tried with some degree of success by other companies. Many of them are context-specific and will vary depending on issues such as the state of economic development, the public policy environment, and the industry sector. A number of them are underpinned by more detailed research and analysis on what works and what doesn’t in their implementation. Although it was not within the remit of this report to undertake a comprehensive literature review or academic study, the report has highlighted some helpful research and tools available for companies interested in different levels of detail.", + "Key Recommendations": "1. Take a holistic approach to developing a gender strategy: Identify the specific gender-related risks,\nresponsibilities and opportunities that the company faces throughout its business activities and areas of influence\n(core business operations; value chain; communities; and policy dialogue) and develop an overarching strategic\nplan that leverages all of the company’s assets to address these in a comprehensive and integrated manner.\n\n2. Embed the corporate responsibility to respect women’s rights into relevant policies and standards:\nAt a minimum, aim to ‘do no harm.’ Implement policies and undertake due diligence to identify, prevent,\nmitigate and remediate human rights risks and formal discrimination against women in the company’s\nbusiness operations and value chain.\n\n3. Establish goals, incentives and programs to actively promote women’s opportunities:\nAim explicitly to create shared value through actively empowering women. Identify a small number of priority\ngoals to increase women’s participation and progress at all levels of the company’s business operations, value\nchain, communities and policy dialogue and establish time-based targets, incentives and programs to drive\nperformance and culture change.\n\n4. Create cross-functional leadership structures and champions for women’s empowerment:\nToo often, gender is addressed in corporate silos. Human resources focuses on workplace inclusion and\ndiversity; procurement on supplier diversity; community relations on community initiatives, etc. While functional\nspecialization is needed, this limits synergies and shared learning between different parts of the business.\nCreate senior corporate-level or operational-level Women’s Leadership Councils and/or identify some of\nthe most respected female and male executives across the company to act as champions for women’s\nadvancement, both internally and externally.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.uschamberfoundation.org/sites/default/files/Path%20to%20Empowerment%20Report%20Final.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Retail", + "Business Services", + "Technology", + "Telecommunications", + "Other", + "Educational Services", + "Energy", + "Food & Beverage", + "Fast Moving Consumer Goods" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Amway", + "Gap", + "Walmart", + "Intel", + "Microsoft", + "Qualcomm", + "Reserveage Nutrition", + "Pearson", + "Kate Spade & Company", + "Pepco Holdings, Inc." + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge", + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;", + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment", + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "CSR Initiative at the Harvard Kennedy School", + "U.S. Chamber of Commerce Foundation Corporate Citizenship Center" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth", + "Conflict" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "Industry Publication", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Multi-national Business", + "Formal Sector", + "Large Enterprise", + "American Business", + "For-profit approach that generates sustainable income" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2015" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "W. P. Pauw" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Zambia", + "Malaysia", + "India", + "Nepal" + ], + "Document ID": "1500-Pauw-ZAM-pr", + "Document Title": "Not a panacea: private-sector engagement in adaptation and adaptation finance in developing countries", + "Document Summary": "This article conceptualizes and scrutinizes private-sector engagement in adaptation and adaptation finance in developing countries serving Zambia’s agricultural sector as a case study for further inquiry. This article highlights that ‘there is little agreement on what qualifies as adaptation finance or, more narrowly, as an adaptation intervention,’ and they point to the large knowledge gap about the private sector’s role in financing adaptation. The article addresses this gap with the hypothesis that private sector engagement in adaptation is inevitable, and the role is potentially significant but dependent on the definition of adaptation. This paper examines private-sector engagement in adaptation from a broader perspective than financing alone for two reasons. The first is the scale, and the second reason is the close link between adaptation and development. This article refers to the private sector as all non-state organizations and individuals, from multinational companies to smallholder farmers. Built on the premise that this wide variety of actors can contribute to adaptation, this article also explores how governments – in this case, the Zambian government – can incentivize private-sector engagement in adaptation. The paper analyses the different approaches to private-sector engagement in adaptation and adaptation finance considers the motivations for doing so, and describes how governments can create enabling environments. For consistency reasons, the paper focuses on the agricultural sector. The report explains why Zambia’s agricultural sector was selected as a case study and describes the interviewing method. It provides the results of domestic and international private-sector engagement in adaptation in Zambia and ways to incentivize the private sector to engage more. ", + "Key Findings": "The role of the private sector in climate finance is increasingly emphasized in international political debates. Knowledge of private engagement in mitigating climate change and in more advanced economies is growing, but the evidence base for private-sector engagement in climate change adaptation in developing countries remains weak. Starting from the premise that the private sector’s role in adaptation is often inevitable and potentially significant, this article first analyses the potential of private-sector engagement in adaptation and adaptation financing in developing countries by conceptualizing the private sector’s roles and motivation therein. For further inquiry, and for a discussion based on a developing-country context, interviews were conducted with key stakeholders for adaptation of Zambia’s agricultural sector, including on ways in which the government can incentivize private-sector engagement in adaptation. How much private-sector adaptation and adaptation finance can be identified depends on the interpretation of the concept of adaptation. Under a broad interpretation, the domestic private sector in particular can contribute substantially to adaptation, both directly and indirectly, through its investments and activities. However, the international private sector’s role in financing adaptation should be analyzed under a strict interpretation of adaptation and appears limited.", + "Key Recommendations": "Governments thus have to carefully design incentives for private-sector engagement in adaptation. This was outside the scope of this article, and private-sector awareness of adaptation might first need to grow further, but, in the future, a more extensive study on the impact and required policy framework for private-sector engagement in adaptation could really benefit adaptation processes in countries like Zambia.", + "Internet URL of Document": " https://doi.org/10.1080/14693062.2014.953906", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Financial Services", + "Food & Beverage", + "Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, and Hunting", + "Energy", + "Engineering & Construction", + "Fast Moving Consumer Goods", + "Telecommunications", + "Technology", + "Other" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "CaféDirect", + "Unilever", + "ICICI Lombard", + "SABMiller", + "Barclays Bank", + "Standard Chartered Bank" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment", + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;", + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Climate Policy" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Environment/Climate Change", + "Agriculture and Food Security", + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "Peer-reviewed article or other research report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Micro, Small, or Medium Enterprise", + "Large Enterprise", + "Multi-national Business", + "Financial Institution, Investors, and Intermediaries", + "For-profit Commercial Entity", + "For-profit approach that generates sustainable income", + "Local Business", + "Formal Sector" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa", + "Asia", + "Latin America and the Carribean" + ], + "Year": "2015" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Dave Prescott", + "Katie Fry Hester", + "Darian Stibbe" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Zambia" + ], + "Document ID": "1500-Presc-ZMB", + "Document Title": "Zambia Partnering Toolbook: An essential guide to win-win collaboration for sustainable development", + "Document Summary": "This toolbook is designed to support the uptake and delivery of partnerships that contribute to sustainable development in Zambia. It provides the rationale for forming these partnerships and offers a range of practical tools that can help people work in partnership more effectively. The toolbook supports the work of the Zambia Business in Development Facility. It draws on international experience from The Partnering Initiative, an extensive scoping study that includes extensive desk research and interviews with key stakeholders in Zambia from December 2014 – February 2015. This guiding document highlights that a systematic and professional approach to managing partnerships can reduce timescales and increase impact. While all partnership situations are context-specific, one general challenge typical of all partnering needs to be navigated. This is the inevitable discrepancy between the urgency of need and the pace of partnership building and development.\n\nA systematic and professional approach to developing partnerships can speed up the partnering process and build robust, effective collaborations. The toolbook explains why business has a critical role to play in development, defines cross-sector partnerships, offers some examples, and provides a perspective on how partnerships may help to resolve development challenges in Zambia. It then sets out the main stages of the ‘partnership lifecycle,’ illustrated with the help of a fictionalized local partnership. It outlines the main challenges associated with working in partnership and provides guidance in overcoming them. Finally, the tool book offers partnership tools and a brief overview of further support available. This textbook has introduced the emerging field of ‘cross-sector partnerships’ as distinct from the relatively well-established field of regulated public-private partnerships, or PPPs. Cross-sector partnerships are a collaborative approach, combining the expertise of public, private, and not-for-profit sectors to deliver solutions to complex challenges. Cross-sector partnerships do not involve a business profiting directly from the public sector by providing public services; they are not the result of tendering processes. They tend to evolve more flexibly according to local needs between partners with a common interest and with a structure that reflects the context from which the partnership has emerged.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.thepartneringinitiative.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/Zambia-Partnering-Toolbook-1.pdf", + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment", + "Advancing Learning and Market Research;", + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "The Partnering Initative" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth" + ], + "Type of Document": "Industry Publication", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2015" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Steve Rochlin", + "Richard Bliss", + "Stephen Jordan", + "Cheryl Yaffe Kiser" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "1500-Rochl-GLO", + "Document Title": "Project ROI: Defining the Competitive and Financial Advantages of Corporate Responsibility and Sustainability", + "Document Summary": "This report intends to continue its investigation of how Corporate Responsibilities (CR) drive financial and societal value and develop ways the systems companies can use to improve the results from their CR investments and strategies. The report highlights that CR practices have great potential to deliver ROI and related business and competitive benefits. It is not enough to engage in CR activities; one must manage them well. Companies should view their combined CR practices as value-creating assets. With proper design and sufficient investment, a company’s “CR Assets” can support returns related to share price and market value, sales and revenue, reputation and brand, human resources, and risk and license to operate. While high-quality products and services, effective marketing and sales practices, well-calibrated strategies and business models, and excellent management and operational practices remain the most critical drivers of ROI, strong CR practices can both augment business performance to deliver additional ROI and make up for certain deficiencies in business performance to preserve, protect, and even grow financial ROI.", + "Key Findings": "To enhance the potential for CR to deliver value, companies will benefit from adopting the management framework of:\n\n• Fit: Make CR commitments that fit your company’s core attributes and your key stakeholders’ expectations.\n• Commit: Make a genuine commitment to address CR issues.\n• Manage: Think of, develop, and manage your portfolio of CR practices as a valuable intangible asset.\n• Connect: Build key stakeholder awareness, trust, engagement, and affinity.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.issuelab.org/resources/22448/22448.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Telecommunications", + "Food & Beverage" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Verizon", + "Campbell's" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;", + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "IO Sustainability" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Multi-national Business", + "For-profit approach that generates sustainable income", + "Formal Sector", + "Large Enterprise", + "American Business" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2015" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "1500-USAID-GLO-A", + "Document Title": "USAID's Vision for Health Systems Strengthening", + "Document Summary": "Health Systems Strengthening (HSS) has been at the core of the U.S. Agency for International Development's (USAID's) mission in health for the last 20 years. Governments and donors acknowledge USAID as a valued partner in HSS because we contributed critical resources, technical expertise, leadership, and in-country presence. Many actors– development partners, non-governmental organizations, civil society organizations, and public-private partnerships – are increasingly targeting their substantial resources to HSS. USAID must continue to adapt to today's rapidly changing environment to meet HSS needs. Traditionally, USAID's HSS efforts have been incorporated into our specific disease programs for such health challenges as HIV and AIDs, tuberculosis, and malaria. \n\nTo elevate this work, USAID's first-ever HSS vision statement focuses on all of USAID's HSS work to achieve four strategic outcomes: financial protection, essential services, population coverage, and responsiveness. With this new vision, USAID focuses its approach on spearheading concrete, integrated programs and projects for HSS that will help the agency meet its goals for ending preventable child and maternal deaths (EPCMD), achieving an AIDS-free generation, and protecting communities from infectious diseases (PCID), including the Global Health Security Agenda (GHSA). The GHSA is a multi-sector, international initiative designed to accelerate action and help build health system capacity to prevent, detect, and respond to infectious diseases. HSS has been a critical component in achieving positive health outcomes in the past, and this Vision will guide USAID to contribute to sustaining and expanding these hard-won results. In conjunction with this, USAID Vision answers the following questions:\n• What is a health system? What does it mean to strengthen a health system? What constitutes good health system performance?\n• Why does USAID invest in strengthening health systems? What is USAID's Vision in HSS? What are the strategic outcomes of USAID's HSS work?\n• What are USAID's technical focus areas in HSS? What is USAID's comparative advantage in strengthening developing countries' health systems? How does the Agency work in the core health systems functions? How can USAID missions use the Vision to design country-specific programs?\n• What are USAID's principal indicators for HSS strategic outcomes? What are USAID's illustrative indicators for the priority objectives for each of the six health systems functions?\n", + "Key Findings": "Below are illustrative indicators for each of the six health systems\nfunctions noted in the case study:\n\nHuman Resources for Health\n• Total number of health care workers relative to population and dis aggregated by cadre, sex, age, and distribution (geographic, facility, and sector)\n• Production of health care workers consistent with existing and future human resources needed to deliver priority health services, especially child and maternal health, family planning, and HIV and AIDS services\n• Percentage of national and/or health budget allocated to human resources development and management annually.\n\nHealth Finance\n• Total private and public spending on health care, with dis-aggregation of pure public spending on health as a share of total health expenditures.\n• Out-of-pocket health spending in the lowest two income quintiles.\n• Coverage for people in the bottom two income quintilesunder social health insurance schemes.\n\nHealth Governance\n• Health policy index score15\n• Number of community-based organizations that formally participate in government decision-making at the national, state, and local level\n• Number of community-based organizations receiving U.S. Government assistance engaged in health advocacy\n\nHealth Information\n• Evidence-based decisions made and actions taken using data sources supported by USAID assistance. \n• Availability of service readiness data from a health facility assessment survey (based on international standards) implemented within the previous 3 years.\n• Existence of a functioning health information system governance mechanism (multi-stakeholder national committee/regulatory body).\n\nMedical Products,Vaccines, and Technologies• Median availability of selected (essential) generic medicines (percentage) in public facilities.\n• Regulatory decisions made and actions taken based on local pharmacovigilance data in the last 2 years.\n• Existence of routine medicines quality monitoring system for the public and private sectors \n\nService Delivery• Mean level of compliance with applicable clinical guidelines for essential services for a sample of patients\n• Mean mortality rate at one week for a sample of children under 5 years who were treated for uncomplicated pneumonia\n• Proportion of public and private facilities with copies of all applicable national clinical guideline\n• Existence of cost-effective essential services packages", + "Key Recommendations": "Just as there is no single ideal health system, there is no single approach to HSS. Countries operate in different political, social, economic, cultural, demographic, and epidemiological contexts, from fragile states with weak economies to those with democratic governance and emerging economic growth. Broad political economy issues often drive health systems organization, priorities, and performance. That said, some commonly used process steps to design an HSS program, either stand-alone or integrated into a health service delivery project, are necessary to initiate country-based HSS strategic plans and activities. The critical first step is to conduct a health systems assessment. A health systems assessment includes a detailed examination of the health system environment as a foundation, along with an analysis of the six health systems functions, and includes a description of the private health sector. USAID’s The Health Systems Assessment Approach – A How-To Manual (2.0) is a key field resource. The health systems assessment typically is conducted with a team of internal USAID andexternal partners’ experts selected by the mission. \n\nA mission may use this Vision and its health systems assessment together to take the next steps to create comprehensive HSS programs. The Vision and health systems assessment may be used to: inform new project designs and re-designs in Project Approval Documents; make\ndecisions on priorities for limited financial resources; guide project work plans and activities and mid-term reviews; structure and complete Health Implementation Plans, HSS action plans, and other USAID reporting; create monitoring and evaluation plans, including the selection of key indicators; design and conduct baseline, mid-term, and\nend-line project evaluations; share with national governments to influence and advocate for them to adopt HSS strategies and policies; and engage in global dialogue with multilateral and bilateral partners, non-governmental organizations, and private sector to stress the need for strategic investments in HSS.\n\nEvidence on the extent to which interventions to strengthen and enhance health systems performance contribute to improvements in health status has been scarce, scattered and not widely disseminated. USAID and other partners have been challenged by a lack of a robust evidence base for investing scarce health funds in HSS interventions in\nan environment of competing investment options.\n\nTo enhance the basis for decision-making, GH commissioned a rapid review of systemic reviews to summarize and document the effects of HSS interventions on proxy measures for health status. The preliminary results of this rapid review identified thirteen HSS interventions that have demonstrated a positive effect on the following proxy health outcome measures: improved service provision/quality; increased financial protection; increased service utilization; uptake of healthy behaviors; and reduced morbidity and mortality.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://2012-2017.usaid.gov/sites/default/files/documents/1864/HSS-Vision.pdf", + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Efficiency and Effectiveness", + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge", + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Health" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2015" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "1500-USAID-GLO-B", + "Document Title": "Biodiversity and Development Handbook: 2015", + "Document Summary": "Published by USAID, the Biodiversity and Development Handbook 2015 is a foundational component of The USAID Biodiversity Policy implementation. The primary purpose of the handbook is to help USAID managers and implementing partners plan, design, implement, and monitor strong and sustainable conservation efforts in line with the Agency’s experience, policy, and guidance. A robust secondary purpose is to contribute to USAID’s knowledge and experience in the global conservation community, mainly designing projects with vital learning components and integrating conservation and development objectives. It draws from USAID, partners, and a global knowledge base of principles, approaches, resources, best practices, and case examples. This document has been produced with a substantial change in the incorporation of an explicit “how to” to help USAID managers, partners, and implementers develop programs in line with the most recent Agency program cycle guidance while drawing from more conservation-tailored best practices advice. \n\nThe handbook provides a broad overview, definitions, and basic information about biodiversity. It also discusses USAID’s role in biodiversity conservation and USAID’s Biodiversity Policy. It describes a step-by-step process for planning, implementing, and monitoring biodiversity and integrated programs with a biodiversity component. It is grounded in the USAID program cycle. Still, it draws on practices from the Open Standards for the Practice of Conservation – an approach to project management tailored to biodiversity conservation projects. The handbook provides more specific information about implementing conservation on the ground, framing the discussion around fundamental operating principles, geographic scopes, and strategies for biodiversity conservation. It describes several ways biodiversity affects, is affected by, and interacts with other development issues and sectors of particular interest to USAID. It includes specific examples of integrated USAID projects. Finally, the handbook presents a series of annexes covering key policies and treaties related to biodiversity, along with references, resources, and a glossary of key terms. ", + "Key Findings": "Successful implementation of the policy requires focus on four major actions, which parallel the structure of this handbook:\n• Adherence to Agency guidance and conservation community best practices throughout the program cycle;\n• knowledge of key conservation approaches and how they apply in the USAID context;\n• understanding of the connections between biodiversity and other key USAID sectors; and\n• awareness of the wealth of policies, resources, and tolls that support USAID's work. ", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://issuu.com/rosehessmiller/docs/usaid_bd_handbook_2015_final_508/228", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Hospitality/Tourism", + "Other" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Calamai Tropica Beach Resort", + "Mexican Nature Conservation Fund" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities", + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge", + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships", + "Reputation and Credible Convening Power" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;", + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Conflict", + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Environment/Climate Change", + "Democracy, Human Rights, & Governance", + "Economic Growth", + "Agriculture and Food Security", + "Health", + "Education and Social Services" + ], + "Type of Document": "Systematic review or Meta-analysis", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Local Business", + "Formal Sector", + "Micro, Small, or Medium Enterprise", + "For-profit approach that generates sustainable income", + "Financial Institution, Investors, and Intermediaries" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2015" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global", + "India", + "Mexico", + "Colombia", + "Peru" + ], + "Document ID": "1500-USAID-GLO-D", + "Document Title": "2015 The Lab Year in Review: Accelerating Development Through Science, Technology, Innovation, and Partnership", + "Key Findings": "Over the last year, the Global Development Lab has worked closely with our Agency partners to deliver the kind of game changing results that we have been so proud of throughout USAID’s 50 year history. In 2014, 47 USAID Missions and Bureaus used the Lab’s tools, approaches, and mechanisms to drive results, investing $54 million. In addition, 18 Missions and Bureaus actively collaborated with the Lab on the Agency’s priority STIP efforts, including integrating e-payments into Agency operations, scaling climate resilient maize, and supporting biodiversity conservation in the Brazilian Amazon. These partnerships will deepen in the coming year. The Lab also seeks to lead the development community on evidence-based decision making. In this first year, the Lab’s Office of Evaluation and Impact Assessment has ensured monitoring, evaluation, and learning practices reflect the Lab’s high expectations for the production and use of quality evidence for decision-making. \n\nThe Lab has set evidence standards in consultation with experts from academia, industry, and other actors in the development community to determine which innovations are ‘best bets’ for continued investment. Finally, the Lab is leading a collaboration with external partners to develop, and drive adoption of, innovative tools and methodologies in monitoring, evaluation, and learning that enable the Agency to rapidly and responsibly iterate and improve programming, and make the use of data and evidence in decision-making more feasible. As the Lab does its work to produce breakthrough development innovations, we look to work with all our partners to transform the U.S. development enterprise — all to reach the goal of accelerating an end to extreme poverty.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PBAAD682.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Financial Services", + "Other" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Unitus Seed Fund", + "Sorenson Impact Fund", + "Chilton Capital", + "Village Capital", + "Calvert Foundation", + "Astraea Lesbian Foundation for Justice", + "Gay and Lesbian Victory Institute", + "Williams Institute", + "Swedish Federation for LGBT Rights", + "Olivia Companies", + "Root Capital" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge", + "Risk-Mitigation and Flexible Authorities" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "US Global Development Lab", + "USAID" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Economic Growth", + "Agriculture and Food Security", + "Health", + "Environment/Climate Change" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Multi-national Business", + "Formal Sector", + "Large Enterprise", + "American Business", + "Micro, Small, or Medium Enterprise", + "For-profit approach that generates sustainable income" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Global", + "Asia", + "Latin America and the Carribean" + ], + "Year": "2015" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "1500-USAID-GLO-F", + "Document Title": "2015 VolAg: Report of Voluntary Agencies Engaged in Overseas Relief and Development", + "Document Summary": "Published by USAID, the Report of Voluntary Agencies Engaged in Overseas Relief and Development (VolAg Report) provides a snapshot of the work of the U.S. and international PVOs registered with USAID. PVOs registered with USAID to establish and maintain eligibility to compete for grants and cooperative agreements. The 2015 VolAg Report includes a brief description and a summary of financial activities for the 518 U.S. PVOs, 113 international PVOs, and 6 U.S. Cooperative Development Organizations (CDOs) registered with USAID as of August 1, 2015. The VolAg Report is the culmination of the annual effort by the Bureau for Economic Growth, Education, and Environment's Office of Local Sustainability staff to collect, validate, and disseminate a clear, factual report. The report they produce helps inform the Congress, Agency staff, partner organizations, and the general public about the activities of the PVO community. \n\nThe report highlights that from tackling global health challenges to providing humanitarian assistance, the U.S. Agency for International Development's private voluntary organization (PVO) partners are at the forefront of international development work. PVOs play an integral role in bringing expertise and resources to the table and making successful global aid and development outcomes a reality. The relationship between the Agency and PVOs continues to evolve as initiatives to broaden participation reshape the international development environment. The 637 PVOs registered with USAID as of August 1, 2015, allow the Agency to respond to vast global needs through long-standing local partnerships. The FY 2013 data compiled in this report shows that registered PVOs received $2.8 billion in USAID support. Most PVO funding is derived from other sources; registered groups raised $24.1 billion in private aid. PVOs received over eight times as much funding from private sources as they did from USAID. These independently generated resources provided PVOs with the capacity not only to leverage Agency funding and address a broader set of development needs but also to implement and support international programs in 184 countries and territories—nearly every nation and region in the world.", + "Key Findings": "The relationship between the Agency and PVOs continues to evolve as initiatives to broaden participation reshape the international development environment. Top-down processes are giving way to more collaborative and locally based approaches where various actors from the private sector—corporations; foundations; nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), including PVOs; universities; local businesses; civil society organizations; and diaspora groups - provide and draw on resources from a variety ofsources and work in concert.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://2012-2017.usaid.gov/sites/default/files/documents/1866/Volag2015.pdf", + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities", + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments", + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;", + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth", + "Conflict" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Health", + "Agriculture and Food Security", + "Democracy, Human Rights, & Governance", + "Economic Growth", + "Education and Social Services", + "Environment/Climate Change", + "Humanitarian Assistance", + "Peace & Security" + ], + "Type of Document": "Industry Publication", + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2015" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global", + "Rwanda", + "Zambia", + "Kenya", + "Ghana", + "Bangladesh", + "Tanzania", + "Benin", + "Nigeria", + "South Sudan", + "Armenia", + "El Salvador", + "Guatemala", + "Honduras", + "Ethiopia", + "India", + "Cambodia", + "Mozambique", + "Dominican Republic" + ], + "Document ID": "1500-USAID-MLT-C", + "Document Title": "Partnering for Impact: USAID and the Private Sector", + "Document Summary": "This report reflects USAID’s first-year successes around the Lab’s core mission: increasing the use of science, technology, innovation, and partnership in USAID and throughout the development community to accelerate impact. In addition, this report offers a new model of development in action by building a rigorous evidence base, learning from our mistakes, driving fast iterations, and designing for scale and sustainability. \n\nThe report highlights that the Global Development Lab has worked closely with agency partners over the last year to deliver the kind of game-changing results. In 2014, 47 USAID Missions and Bureaus used the Lab’s tools, approaches, and mechanisms to drive results, investing $54 million. In addition, 18 Missions and Bureaus actively collaborated with the Lab on the Agency’s priority STIP efforts, including integrating e-payments into Agency operations, scaling climate-resilient maize, and supporting biodiversity conservation in the Brazilian Amazon. These partnerships will deepen in the coming year. \n\nThe Lab also seeks to lead the development community in evidence-based decision-making. In this first year, the Lab’s Office of Evaluation and Impact Assessment has ensured monitoring, evaluation, and learning practices reflect the Lab’s high expectations for producing and using quality evidence for decision-making. In addition, the Lab has set evidence standards in consultation with experts from academia, industry, and other actors in the development community to determine which innovations are ‘best bets’ for continued investment. Finally, the Lab is leading a collaboration with external partners to develop and drive the adoption of innovative tools and methodologies in monitoring, evaluation, and learning that enable them to rapidly and responsibly improve programming to make use of data in decision-making more feasible. As the Lab does its work to produce breakthrough development innovations, USAID makes a commitment to work with all its partners to transform the U.S. development enterprise — all to reach the goal of accelerating an end to extreme poverty.\n", + "Key Findings": "As highlighted in this report, USAID is engaging the private sector in increasingly diverse ways. As market-based solutions to development challenges gain prominence, the Agency and its partners are sharing best practices, and contributing to a growing field of knowledge of public-private partnerships that advance market-based solutions to\ndevelopment challenges. Additionally, partnering is becoming embedded across USAID, changing the Agency internally. USAID is investing in training to build the capacity of Agency staff around the world to work with the private sector, recruiting more people with private sector experience and skills, and implementing more robust approaches to manage ongoing relationships with private sector partners.", + "Key Recommendations": "It is a key Agency priority to make partnering more efficient and effective—reducing the transaction costs of building and maintaining public-private partnerships and accelerating their ability to realize progress. Together, all of those working at the intersection of business and global development must do a better job of measuring and understanding the impact of partnerships, replicating successes, and acknowledging and learning from failures and mistakes. The Agency will continue to pursue partnerships with local and global corporations,\nand boost investments in business-related reforms in partner countries around the world. This approach will accelerate the ability of the Agency and its partners to deliver results, and to do so with greater efficiency and long-term sustainability.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://2017-2020.usaid.gov/sites/default/files/documents/15396/Partnering_for_Impact.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Business Services", + "Financial Services", + "Food & Beverage", + "Telecommunications", + "Technology", + "Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, and Hunting", + "Health Care", + "Energy", + "Educational Services", + "Retail" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Root Capital", + "Cooperative Coffees", + "Equal Exchange", + "Keurig Green Mountain", + "Starbucks", + "Walmart", + "Winrock International", + "Golden Harvest", + "Duke Energy Corporation", + "GuarantCo", + "Standard Chartered Bank", + "World Vision", + "Orange", + "Intel", + "Equity Bank", + "The MasterCard Foundation", + "World Wide Web Foundation", + "GSM Association", + "Glasswing International", + "Coca Cola", + "Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation", + "Yale’s Global Health Leadership Institute", + "Accenture Development Partnerships (ADP)", + "Global Environment & Technology Foundation (GETF)", + "Qualcomm", + "GlaxoSmithKline (GSK)", + "Praekelt Foundation", + "K4Health", + "HealthEnabled", + "Johnson & Johnson", + "Althelia Climate Fund", + "The Consumer Goods Forum (CGF)", + "Unilever", + "General Mills", + "Cargill", + "Global Environment & Technology Foundation (GETF)", + "Citi", + "Ford Foundation", + "Omidyar Network", + "Visa", + "General Electric", + "Shell Foundation", + "Sangam Ventures", + "Unitus Seed Fund", + "Gay & Lesbian Victory Institute", + "Google", + "Astraea Lesbian Foundation", + "Williams Institute", + "Western Union", + "Olivia Companies", + "AT&T" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities", + "Ability to Influence Policy" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge", + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships", + "Risk-Mitigation and Flexible Authorities", + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;", + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Economic Growth", + "Agriculture and Food Security", + "Environment/Climate Change", + "Education and Social Services", + "Health", + "Democracy, Human Rights, & Governance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Multi-national Business", + "American Business", + "Formal Sector", + "Large Enterprise", + "Regional Business", + "For-profit approach that generates sustainable income" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa", + "Global", + "Latin America and the Carribean", + "Asia" + ], + "Year": "2015" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Stephen G. Waller" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global", + "Pakistan", + "El Salvador", + "Iraq", + "Haiti" + ], + "Document ID": "1500-Walle-GLO-pr", + "Document Title": "An Easier Service: Is the Department of Defense Getting Good Value from Humanitarian Operations?", + "Document Summary": "Authored by Stephen G Waller, ‘An Easier Service’ sheds light on the Department of Defense (DoD)’s Value for Humanitarian Operations. The paper highlights that the DoD’s humanitarian activities have a longstanding, rich role in the theater commander’s portfolio. Many thoughtful observers see a limited role for DoD in non-kinetic scenarios. DoD’s humanitarian efforts may blur the boundaries between defense, diplomacy, and development (‘The 3 D’s’). Some tasks intrude on more than one lane, such as doing development work in an insecure environment. DoD brings rapid response and world-class logistics capabilities that are essential to an effective response to large, sudden disasters, especially when security is also an issue, such as the deployment of portable air traffic control to Port-au-Prince airport after the 2011 Haiti earthquake. \n\nThe paper attempts to establish the Hypothetical Relationship Between Health and Security. At best, the causal link between health and other humanitarian intervention to security progress is tenuous. Security improves due to economic progress, and health indices rise from those same economic changes, not directly from better security. Human and national security may instantly improve health indices, but health improvements may not directly contribute to better security. Several of the principles of the U.S. Government’s Global Health Initiative (GHI) provide additional insight into global health: encourage country ownership and investing in country-led plans; build sustainability through health system strengthening; strengthen and leverage key multilateral organizations, GH partnerships, and private sector engagement; increase impact through strategic coordination and integration; improve metrics, monitoring, and evaluation. The author recommends that DoD consider a definition of GH that emphasizes the importance of health to national and international security and a definition of Global Health Engagement that is jointly applicable and leaner than the USAF version. DoD should continue in its essential role, particularly when there is a lack of security or where world-class logistics are immediately needed. DoD’s role is also based on the importance of success in GH to national security. ", + "Key Findings": "Defining DoD’s role in using humanitarian health programs for security goals can and should be done. I propose such a definition, but only to begin discussion. Equally important is the implementation of scientific evaluation of humanitarian missions. This can be done quickly, without new authorization or appropriation legislation. Then DoD can get on with the business of national security, using the humanitarian response tool in the most effective ways. For DoD to avoid this “easier service” trap in its humanitarian efforts, we must be clear in our intentions, sustainable in our actions, and compulsively thorough in our evaluations. Together, even in the face of a tenuous link between health interventions and peace outcomes, DoD can deliver on its peace and security mandate to the taxpayers and the Congress", + "Key Recommendations": "I believe there are potential solutions for the challenges of validating DoD’s engagement in humanitarian work for security objectives. There are two essential ingredients: DoD must first define exactly what it hopes to accomplish. Second, DoD should monitor and evaluate its efforts with greater rigor. ", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/26470415", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Health Care" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Prism" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Conflict" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Health", + "Humanitarian Assistance", + "Peace & Security" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "USAID Region": [ + "Global", + "Latin America and the Carribean", + "Afghanistan and Pakistan", + "Middle East" + ], + "Year": "2015" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Willy Wicaksono", + "Andry Napitupulu", + "P. Raja Siregar" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Indonesia" + ], + "Document ID": "1500-Wicak-IDN", + "Document Title": "Climate Adaption and Disaster Resilience (CADRE) Stakeholder Coordination, Advocacy, Linkages, and Engagement for Resilience -- Phase 2 (Scale R)", + "Document Summary": "This is the final report for the USAID-funded program CADRE - Stakeholder Coordination, Advocacy, Linkage and Engagement for Resilience (SCALE-R) Phase 2. Phase 2 (API Perubahan) was designed to build on achievements gained from Phase 1 and strengthen the initial engagement with relevant national and local government agencies to integrate CCA-DRR into development planning and capacity-building initiatives. The program's ultimate goal was to improve the resilience of populations in Indonesia that are vulnerable to natural hazards and the impact of climate change by strengthening the capacity of government, civil society, and the private sectors to reduce the risk of disaster and adapt to climate change. \n\nThe project faced numerous challenges during the project implementation. As presented by the report, some of those challenges include getting appropriate data for climate analysis and risk assessments, maintaining the local government officials' commitment to this program, and social conflict in Pulau Haruku that occurred during the program period. Based on findings and learning from the project, the report recommends strengthening the excellent relationships and engagement with various stakeholders by Mercy Corps built by API Perubahan. Other DRR or CCA-related projects under Mercy Corps Indonesia could incorporate their activities with engagement with these partners. Instruments and other knowledge management products should be adapted to the local context. For the monitoring system, it is essential to measure the program achievement by qualitative indicators.", + "Key Findings": "Ultimately targeting 70,162 beneficiaries at the community, district and provincial levels, API Perubahan strengthened the capacity of local government officials, community members and informal leaders across\nten vulnerable sub-districts (kelurahan) among two provinces in Indonesia: Jawa Tengah and Maluku.\n\nIn these areas, API Perubahan established two Program Advisory Committees (PAC) that formed as the local forum at regency (Kabupaten) level that is concerned with disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation; and four sub-district working groups (SDWGs, or Pokja). The PAC engaged representatives from Kabupaten down to sub-district governments, academia and local NGOs. API Perubahan provided training in the areas of climate analysis; climate change adaptation (CCA) and disaster risk reduction (DRR) for PAC and SDWG members utilizing the training curriculum and modules used by the National Disaster Management Agency (Badan Nasional Penanggulangan Bencana, BNPB) (which was improved by API Perubahan); training on advocacy and local development planning for SDWG; and entrepreneurship training for SDWG and community entrepreneur.", + "Key Recommendations": "The excellent relationships and engagement with various stakeholders (national and provincial government, technical agencies, NGO, and private) that were built by API Perubahan should be maintained and strengthened by Mercy Corps Indonesia. Other DRR or CCA related projects under Mercy Corps Indonesia could incorporate their activities with engagement with these partners. In addition, SDWGs should clearly state their concrete action plans. Instruments and other knowledge management products should be better adapted to the local context. For the monitoring system, it is important to measure the program achievement by qualitative indicators. ", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00M419.pdf", + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID", + "Mercy Corps" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth", + "Conflict" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Environment/Climate Change" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Asia" + ], + "Year": "2015" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Thokozani Xaba" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "South Africa" + ], + "Document ID": "1500-Xaba-ZAF-pr", + "Document Title": "From public–private partnerships to private–public stick ’em ups! NGOism, neoliberalism, and social development in post-apartheid South Africa", + "Document Summary": "Authored by Thokozani Xaba, this article argues that the excellent work non-governmental organizations (NGOs) perform tends to produce one of two responses: it either shields them from the kinds of scrutiny to which mainstream businesses are subjected or earns them the label of unwitting or unwilling participants in neoliberal programs imposed by multilateral international organizations on developing countries. This article examines the response by South African NGOs to a call by the Department of Social Development to offer financial support for students studying social work. It presents an analysis of neoliberal influences on the business nature, managerial structure, and logistical operations of social development NGOs and how their relationship with donors impacts the interests of project beneficiaries. It argues that much more than appendages of neoliberalism, some NGOs in South Africa have voluntarily privatized their services in the interest of the private rather than the public good, such that some have evolved to a position where they reject one of their primary roles, that of social development. It argues that NGOs have turned 'public-private partnerships' upside-down and have committed to a private-public \"stick 'em up.\" \n\nThis article argues that the erosion of the ethos and principles of community development and social work is familiar and recent. The decline has developed over time, but it is distinctly linked to the business models that emerged in the 1980s. The article also argues that much against the ethos and principles which should determine their processes and functions, NGO practices tend to be influenced by the economic, political, and cultures of the countries and regions in which they operate. It is also true that their donor's economic and political clout empowers NGOs to act against the governments of the countries in which they work. This article has shown that in certain instances, NGOs, mainly due to ideological and financial reasons, have adopted policies and strategies against the national interests of the states in which they operate.", + "Key Findings": "This article argues that the good work non-governmental organizations (NGOs) perform tends to produce one of two responses: it either shields them from the kinds of scrutiny to which mainstream businesses are subjected or, failing this, earns them the label of unwitting or unwilling participants in neoliberal programs imposed by multilateral international organizations on poor countries. \n\nThe article argues that, much against the ethos and principles which should determine their processes and functions, NGO practices tend to be influenced by the economic, political and cultures of the countries and regions in which they operate. It is also true that the economic and political clout received from their donor empowers NGOs to act against the governments of the countries in which they work.\n\nThis article has shown that in certain instances, NGOs, largely due to ideological and financial reasons, have adopted policies and strategies against national interests of the states in which they operate. ", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://doi.org/10.1177/0020872813497385", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Other" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "International Social Work" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Youth", + "Conflict" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Democracy, Human Rights, & Governance", + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "Peer-reviewed article or other research report", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2015" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Kwaku Agyemang", + "Aime Landry Dongmo", + "Flore Line Nouke" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Mali", + "Burkina Faso", + "Senegal", + "Ghana", + "Nigeria", + "Côte d’Ivoire", + "Benin", + "Togo", + "Niger", + "Liberia", + "Sierra Leone" + ], + "Document ID": "1501-Agyem-MLT", + "Document Title": "Performance Evaluation of the Staple Crops and Institutional Support Program Implemented by the West and Central African Council for Agricultural Research and Development (WECARD)", + "Document Summary": "Funded by USAID, this report is a performance evaluation of the staple crops and institutional support program implemented by the West and Central African Council for Agricultural Research and Development (WECARD/CORAF). The report documents the results from all six SPS projects and the integration of the Institutional Support (IS) component into the projects at the NARS. This study evaluates i) the achievements generated by the project’s intervention; ii) documents the best practices and the impacts on the direct and the indirect beneficiaries; and iii) provides information on partnerships, networking, and opportunities generated by the project. Key findings and conclusions of the report are presented around five issues/themes identified during the review of the project’s background and objectives and the justification provided by CORAF/WECARD in the funding request to USAID/WA, namely i) Institutional support and capacity building, ii) Supplementary program support (SPS) projects achievements, iii) Integration of institutional support into SPS projects, iv) Best practices in project implementation partnerships and stakeholders’ involvement, and v) Success stories and up-scaling results. \n\n\nThe report highlights that the Evaluation Questions have primarily been responded to in the affirmative to the effect that the program achieved most goals, mostly documented. Still, needed mechanisms to communicate results in ways that will make replication and upscaling much easier. Where targets were missed, the Evaluation Team found transparency among Program and Project Leaders in acknowledging the status but also suggested ways for adjustments and corrective actions. \n\nThe delays in approving and validating the FtF projects at CORAF/WECARD adversely affected the implementation on the ground. However, some essential institutional and human capacity-strengthening activities were carried out by CORAF/WECARD during the period under consideration. Some opportunities were identified by project implementers and coordinators that, when considered more carefully, could bring a certain level of sustainability to project implementation. Key challenges, constraints, and relevant recommendations formulated by the evaluation team are organized around the three issues/themes utilized to present the findings; they are; i) Institutional support and capacity strengthening, ii) Integration of Institutional Support into SPS projects, and iii) Best Practices in implementation, partnerships and involvement of Stakeholders.", + "Key Findings": "There was a general acknowledgement from the CORAF/WECARD Administration and Finance Department that capacities in the department were built and deployed for improved financial\nmanagement and operations of the department. Similarly, it was established that CORAF/WECARD’s human resources were strengthened under the GFSRI and FtF as demonstrated by increased staff numbers (5 paid from FtF funds) and capacity to manage programs, finances, knowledge and M&E (Annex A.1.C).\n\nOverall, the general consensus among beneficiaries and partners is that the USAID-funded IFSP was relevant and contributed to institutional strengthening at both CORAF and the NARS. Out of 9 end-user beneficiaries interviewed, 93% reported that they would be “very interested” in participating in a similar project in the future ((Appendix 5). At CORAF/WECARD, the two Program Managers funded by the IFSP strengthened the CORAF/WECARD Secretariat through their resource mobilization efforts that brought in an estimated $10 million in new project funds in 2011. (CORAF/WECARD Assessment Report, 2011). These new funds enabled the recruitment of additional staff for CORAF/WECARD programs. The scientific, coordinating and advocacy roles played by the Program Managers contributed to leveraging other agricultural and related research and/or development projects in the West Africa region funded by other donors. Examples of those donor-funded initiatives that used resources, outputs and knowledge from the SPS projects were the West Africa Agricultural Productivity (WAAP) and the Yam Improvement for Income and Food Security in West Africa, YIIFSWA, funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.\n\nAt the country level, the project achieved most of its training targets. In Ghana a total of 274 farmers (12.4% females) were trained in the Minisett technology and another 300 (15% females) trained in the yam vine techniques. In Nigeria, Togo and Benin, beneficiaries trained in the Minisett totaled 1,400 (15.7% females), 485 and 170 (34.7% females). In Nigeria the trained farmers trained other farmers, about 3 fold in number. The overhead charges of 2.5% paid to participating NARS was considered too small by most NARS. Directors and some institutions felt that it had a negative impact on project implementation and end user-based Institutions like associations, organizations and NGOs acknowledged how much participation in the SPS projects strengthened their capacity. \n\nThe members of a union of cooperatives in Mali called the USCPCS, who participated in the Striga-Sorghum project credited their successes to capacity strengthening from the project. They celebrated the following exceptional results: nearly 90% of the members of the USCPCS group used improved varieties of sorghum during 2013/14 season, and increased the yield of sorghum from 700 kg/ha (local varieties sorghum) to about 2500 kg / ha (improved varieties) and household income multiplied 5 fold between 2009/2010 and 2013/2014.", + "Key Recommendations": "CORAF/WECARD should consider shortening the STC processes for project reviews, approvals and validation. They should also adapt flexible procedures and steps to accommodate situations where time\nis of the essence.\n\nUSAID and CORAF/WECARD should consider making adequate budget\nallocations that cater for effective field level project implementation and monitoring required by NARS institutions targeted to participate in the upcoming Feed the Future projects.\n\nThe evaluation team recommends that CORAF/WECARD honors previous agreements made in Memoranda of Agreement with NARS regarding payments of overheads. The evaluation team recommends that CORAF/WECARD makes budget provisions that will allow the\npayment of at least a 10% overhead to NARS institutions implementing USAID-funded projects.\n\nCORAF/WECARD should better articulate the definitions of indicators and targets in their M&E frameworks and ensure NARS are familiar with the elements of the Log frames, including the methodology for establishing credible baselines. CORAF/WECARD should organize a series of training courses for the M&E staff of the NARS. The training courses should include current and prospective project coordinators.\n\nCORAF/WECARD should standardize report formats for various categories projects. . These standardized formats should be shared and used by the NARS that are participating in the project.\n", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00KTNZ.pdf", + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Agriculture and Food Security" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2015" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Bhishna Bajracharya" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Australia" + ], + "Document ID": "1501-BAJRA-AUS", + "Document Title": "Public-Private Partnerships in Emergency and Disaster Management: Examples from the Queensland Floods 2010-11", + "Key Findings": "This paper proposes a simple conceptual framework for public-private partnerships in emergency and disaster management that could be applied to research and policy analysis in Australia. The framework proposes three dimensions: sector types (public, business and community), partnership arrangements (legislated and formal to\ninformal agreements), and partnership roles (strategic and resilience-building and response and recovery). This paper describes how the three sectors can work together under various partnership arrangements for preventive or responsive measures in emergency and disaster management. Public–private partnerships during and after the Queensland floods of 2010–11 are used to illustrate the relationships presented in the framework and to give a snapshot of these partnerships\nin Queensland.", + "Key Recommendations": "Further research is needed across Australia to identify and describe public-private partnerships for emergency management, particularly at the local level where they have not been well-documented and may be underpinned by relatively informal agreements of unknown efficacy. ", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.researchgate.net/publication/284981235_Public-private_partnerships_in_emergency_and_disaster_management_Examples_from_the_Queensland_floods_2010-11", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Financial Services", + "Other", + "Business Services" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Australian Journal of Emergency Management" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Humanitarian Assistance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Business Association or Cooperative" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2015" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "International City/County Management Association (ICMA)" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Georgia" + ], + "Document ID": "1501-ICMA-GEO-A", + "Document Title": "Waste Management Technologies in Regions, Georgia: Municipal Waste Management Plan Development Guideline", + "Document Summary": "Municipal waste management has been a problem in Georgia for many years in terms of insufficient quality and coverage of waste-related services and significant adverse impacts on the environment and human health. Municipalities with limited capacities and resources need help to provide adequate waste services for their population. While waste services in city and municipality administrative centers need improvement, many smaller cities and villages remain unserved by an effective municipal waste management system. This document provides the guideline to prioritize the objectives of the law and defines the measures to be implemented in the short, medium, and long term. The document points out that waste management (including municipal waste management in Georgia) is the responsibility of different government levels. The Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources Protection (Ministry) is responsible for the development and implementation of a unified national policy on waste management. To accomplish this, the Ministry was assigned to develop a national strategy and action plan on waste management and biodegradable municipal waste management. Local governments were responsible for municipal collection, transportation services, and cleaning public spaces within their local jurisdictions. \n", + "Key Findings": "The recommended process for planning and implementing an effective MWM system may be categorized into the six phases illustrated in Figure 1 which presents both the anticipated functions and activities that a municipality should undertake in developing its MWM plans. \n\n• The Planning Preparation Phase: This is the initial planning function that should be that is aimed at defining and mobilizing the resources necessary for the municipality’s comprehensive planning effort.\n\n• The Existing Conditions Status Phase: This is the planning function intended to define current baseline conditions by assessing a municipality’s existing MWM system and all of the factors that influence its function and deficiencies.\n\n• The Options Assessment Phase: Once a municipality’s existing MWM system has been accurately and thoroughly defined, viable alternatives (technical, institutional, financial, etc.) to overcoming existing system deficiencies and meeting requirements of the Law “Waste Management Code” must be evaluated to determine which of the options available for the various system elements are in the best interest of the\nmunicipality. This option’s assessment phase provides the basis for establishing the WM action plan that will be the foundation of the municipality’s implementation strategy for planned improvements.\n\n• The Plan Adoption Phase ‐ Once existing MWM conditions in the municipality have been defined and viable options to overcome existing deficiencies have been identified, assessed, and selected, the MWM Plan and its implementation strategy should be formally adopted by municipal elected officials and approved by national\nregulatory officials responsible for assuring that the MWM Plan and its\nrecommendations comply with the requirements of the “Waste Management Code”.\n\n• The Implementation Phase: After the formal adoption of the municipality’s MWM plan, the implementation of the plan’s target outcomes can occur which may include the development of policy, financial/economic, institutional, and technical instruments that are to improve the MWM system as well as implementing the physical processes and facilities necessary to achieve result.\n\n• The Monitoring & Review Phase: Once all or some of the target results of the plan have been implemented, the function of the resulting MWM system (or its individual components) must be closely monitored to assure that the plan results are sustainable and remain effective over time. In addition, the municipality should also recognize that a successful planning process is dynamic and ongoing and requires\nperiodic review to update the plan in accordance with evolving conditions and what has been accomplished since the adoption of the initial MWM plan. (The Law “Waste Management Code” stipulates that the MWM plans should be developed for a 5 year planning term. This will establish the need to review the accomplishments of the municipality after five years and update the Plan to continue progress in accomplishing the municipality’s MWM objectives as well as the long term objectives of the “Waste Management Code”.)", + "Key Recommendations": "Preparing to Develop the Plan \n1. Delegate responsibility for developing the SWM Plan\n2. Identify and secure the resources necessary to develop the plan\n3. Identify and initially engage relevant stakeholders\n4. Establish local stakeholder consultative group\n5. Define municipal waste management planning objectives and target outcomes\n6. Identify the factors that influence waste generation and management\n7. Develop a detailed planning work plan with schedules and milestones\n\nDetermining and Assessing Existing Conditions \n1. Define the waste stream that must be managed by the municipality\n2. Identify and evaluate existing waste management services and facilities\n3. Determine and characterize municipal SWM service deficiencies\n4. Define the full cost of waste management in the municipality\n5. Evaluate the existing means for deriving operating and development funds including normal budgeting and cost recovery processes\n6. Assess current public awareness and attitudes concerning waste management issues\n7. Assess the technical and managerial capacity of existing institutions to develop and manage an effective waste management system\n\nEvaluating Options and Making Decisions \n1. Define the priorities for municipal actions and processes\n2. Identify existing or future national and regional programs or infrastructure that will influence municipality SWM options.\n3. Project waste generation in the future\n4. Develop an effective public and stakeholder education and consultation program\n5. Define alternate means for increasing collection service coverage and efficiency\n6. Develop CAPEX and OPEX cost estimates for alternative SWM options\n7. Select preferred options and implementation process\n8. Develop an investment plan for selected waste management improvements\n9. Define means for increasing recycling and recovery in the municipality\n10. Evaluate regional opportunities and options\n\nDeveloping and Adopting the Plan \n1. Determine what should be included in the written municipal waste plan\n2. Secure political, stakeholder and regulatory concurrence with the SWM Plan\n3. Formally adopt the SWM Plan by the Municipality\n\n\nImplementing the Plan \n1.Move forward to implementing the services and facilities defined in the SWM Plan\n2.Monitor the implementation of required improvements and new programs\n\nOperating and Sustaining The Results \n1. Monitor the performance of the waste management system for continual effectiveness\n2. Periodically update SWM Plan based on evolving conditions", + "Internet URL of Document": "http://environment.cenn.org/app/uploads/2016/08/MWTR-program_SWMP-Guideline_ENG_20150401.pdf", + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID", + "CityLinks", + "Caucasus Environmental NGO Network (CENN)", + "International City/County Management Association (ICMA)" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Health", + "Environment/Climate Change" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Europe and Eurasia" + ], + "Year": "2015" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Ajmal Abdulsamad", + "Shawn Stokes", + "Gary Gereffi" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global", + "Indonesia", + "Kenya", + "Rwanda" + ], + "Document ID": "1502-Abdul-MLT", + "Document Title": "Public-Private Partnerships in Global Value Chains: Can They Actually Benefit the Poor?", + "Document Summary": "Drawing on the available Global Value Chain (GVC) literature, as well as information and reports related to three cases from Indonesia, Kenya, and Rwanda in the export-oriented agricultural sectors, this research paper examines the main concerns over the potential of PPPs to bring about inclusive development truly: i) The alignment of business and pro-poor development interests; ii) The actors and institutions that determine how the system works, and iii) The outcomes that can be achieved, and concludes extensively on the available global value chain literature to analyze and discuss partnership outcomes. \n\nThe report summarizes key findings from the three partnership cases organized around three main dimensions: partnership identification, partnership formation, and partnership outcomes. The report suggests adopting a 'problem-driven' approach to identify a need for partnerships; correctly identifying the intervention space and partners at the local, regional, and global levels; and using the three relationship categories to determine whose commercial interests align for the identified development problem while identifying the partners. While forming the partners (PPPs), it should be based on a differentiated understanding of firms; instead of treating them as \"black boxes,\" form PPPs at an industry level rather than with individual firms and establish industry-level platforms to facilitate and sustain PPPs. At the outcome level, it is found that PPPs' funding and convening capacity transformed the coffee sector in Rwanda and supported the growth and diversification of exports in the horticulture sector in Kenya. It is also noted that in concentrated markets, economic gains at the industry level do not automatically translate into increased income for smallholder producers. PPPs are far more likely to benefit smallholder producers if the innovation capacity for smallholders to respond to market changes is established and when smallholder bargaining power is strengthened vis-à-vis large buyers.", + "Key Findings": "The findings of the case study can be divided into the following:\n\n• Partnership IdentificationPublic-private partnerships (PPP) should adopt a problem- driven approach and properly identify the intervention space and partners while also assessing the problem within the embedded contexts of industry relationships.\n\n• Partnership formation\nFirms have different commercial incentives for partnerships based on where on the value chain they are positioned and as such, value chain partnerships are not power-neutral and it is important to understand these. Lastly, industry level platforms are necessary to form and sustain partnerships.\n\n• Partnership outcomes\nPPP positively impact economic growth at the industry level and economic gains at the industry level do not lead to producer household-level economic benefits on their own. For development agencies to leverage poverty reduction outcomes of PPPs, they need to build innovation response capacity and bargaining power of smallholders vis-à-vis large buyers in concentrated markets. ", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://gvcc.duke.edu/wp-content/uploads/2015-02_PublicPrivatePartnerships_in_GVCs_Can_they_actually_benefit_the_poor_LEO_report508.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, and Hunting" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments", + "Risk-Mitigation and Flexible Authorities" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID", + "Leveraging Economic Opportunities (LEO)" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Micro, Small, or Medium Enterprise", + "Formal Sector", + "For-profit approach that generates sustainable income", + "Local Business" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Global", + "Africa", + "Asia" + ], + "Year": "2015" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Aspen Network of Development Entrepreneurs" + ], + "Document ID": "1502-Aspen-MLT", + "Document Title": "Entrepreneurship & Acceleration: Questions from the Field ", + "Document Summary": "This brief paper responds to the Entrepreneurship & Acceleration: Questions from the Field for the MasterCard Foundation, which runs youth entrepreneurship projects in Sub-Saharan Africa. The foundation is interested in better understanding the space to inform its programming by ages 18-24 and 25-30 and by African country or region. The paper provides data collected from entrepreneurs between March 2013 and June 2014. The information was gathered as entrepreneurs applied to one of 19 different accelerator programs in various regions worldwide, including Africa. The paper highlights ventures that were established in Africa by two categories of young entrepreneurs are under-represented in the data, where the largest group (by far) is comprised of older entrepreneurs working outside of Africa, noting that the percentage of ventures in the two younger-age categories is slightly higher in the African sub-sample. The paper examines early-stage investment patterns across these six groups of ventures. Paying attention to philanthropic support, the article shows that ventures with younger founders have a higher probability of reporting some philanthropic support with a consistent trend across African and non-African ventures, but is more pronounced in African ventures. It is interesting to note the contrast between these equity and philanthropic support patterns and the probability of securing the debt. The data shows that (around the world) the likelihood of receiving any loans – from friends, family, or other more formal sources – increases consistently as the average age of the entrepreneurs rises. \n\nThe paper emphasizes that these patterns in attracting financial support are due to the ventures’ early-stage performance when earning revenues or hiring employees. The data indicate that the probability of reporting positive revenues increases with the average age of a venture’s founders. Another factor worth examining is how these various groups of entrepreneurs differ regarding specific aspects of their ventures. One question often arises is whether ventures use innovative technologies or processes to achieve their commercial and social aspirations. The data reveals that the sampled ventures operating in Africa are likelier to report having proprietary intellectual property. This difference is most prominent in the two categories of younger entrepreneurs. While this could be due to the different program emphases of our (currently) small number of partner accelerators, it might also reflect a general encouragement within east Africa of young people into information technology careers and ventures.\n", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.galidata.org/assets/report/pdf/Questions_from_the_Field_Feb.pdf", + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Aspen Network of Development Entrepreneurs (ANDE)" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Youth" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2015" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "DAI" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Mozambique" + ], + "Document ID": "1502-DAI-MOZ", + "Document Title": "Catalyzing Reforms for Competitiveness in Mozambique SPEED Program: Completion Report ", + "Document Summary": "Published by USAID, this is a project completion report for the USAID-funded “Support Program for Economic and Enterprise Development (SPEED) program covering the period from September 2010 to February 2015. The activities described in this report are divided into four thematic sections: business environment, trade, and investment; agriculture; tourism and biodiversity; and democracy and governance. \n\nThe report contains information on the context, activities undertaken, and results for each of the main activities SPEED undertook. SPEED’s work on the business environment, trade, and investment is divided into seven key areas: trade facilitation, making business, public-private dialogue and the business environment, competitiveness, employment, investment, and infrastructure. SPEED’s activities to support the competitiveness of agriculture in Mozambique centered upon providing a Senior Economic Advisor to the Minister of Agriculture, whose primary responsibility was to develop and implement the country’s Agriculture Investment Plan. In addition, SPEED supported several targeted activities that the private sector in agriculture has specifically identified. SPEED built capacity at MINAG’s CEPAGRI to provide services to investors, including New Alliance companies that signed Letters of Intent under the New Alliance (LoI companies). SPEED’s work in biodiversity and tourism helped Mozambique realize its potential competitiveness in the sector. SPEED’s work on democracy and governance aimed to improve transparency around issues such as the impending resource boom, the increased voice of the private sector in policy, and the improvement of corporate ethics. As part of its administration and management, SPEED supported USAID in developing its five-year strategy, undertook a series of strategic retreats to ensure that the Program remained aligned with its goals and the needs of stakeholders in a rapidly changing economy, underwent a Regional Inspector General performance audit and external evaluation, managed external funds for IPEME, and trained its staff on procurement and other administrative matters.", + "Key Findings": "Under trade facilitation, the Partnership for Trade Facilitation (PTF) funding mechanism supported work with Mozambique’s Tax Authority (AT), focusing on three main areas: internet publication of customs regulations and documents; improvements in transit trade within the Single Electronic Window (SEW); and gradual elimination of pre-shipment inspections.\n\nUnder Doing Business, SPEED helped improve Mozambique’s rankings in the World Bank’s indicators on this subject. An effective Public-Private Dialogue (PPD) is crucial to successful reforms. The country’s competitiveness became an increasing topic of debate as a result of SPEED’s work. Employment is a critical issue for economic development and a major concern for business.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00KMGS.pdf", + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Ability to Influence Policy", + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments", + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Youth", + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Conflict" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2015" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Jonathan Fox" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global", + "Mexico", + "Guatemala", + "Brazil", + "Lebanon", + "Malaysia", + "Peru", + "Philippines" + ], + "Document ID": "1502-Fox-GLO", + "Document Title": "From Transparency to Accountability? Assessing How International Multi-stakeholder Initiatives are Contributing to Public Governance", + "Document Summary": "Over the past decade, stakeholders have invested years of intensive work in launching and consolidating governance-oriented Multi-stakeholder Initiatives (MSIs). In this context, this paper provides a new review of the evidence available on five of these MSIs: Transparency (GIFT) and the Open Contracting Partnership (OCP). Though the breadth and depth of available research on each of these MSIs vary widely, with much more documentation on EITI, Brockmeyer and Fox’s report reviews each of them in terms of 1) their structures, process, and participants, 2) their respective result frameworks (a.k.a., theories of change), and 3) the available evidence on their effectiveness and impact. ‘The links in the chain that connect information disclosure to public accountability are still uncertain’ is the one that stands out as especially relevant for the broader field of transparency, accountability, and participation. This report provides a basis for stakeholders to make informed decisions about bolstering and leveraging MSIs by reviewing the evidence to date on their strengths and limitations. ", + "Key Findings": "The links in the chain that connect information disclosure to public accountability are still uncertain. \n\nThis report finds that in many countries, governance-oriented MSIs have indeed managed to get traction with their promotion of public information disclosure reforms—in other words, more information is often available to the public, in part thanks to these initiatives. But there is little evidence as yet that these transparency outputs lead to accountability outcomes – at least so far. It turns out that the theories of change that connect transparency to accountability in governance MSIs involve many more links in the chain than were originally envisioned.\n\nThe available research documents both the progress and limits of MSI-driven information disclosure, but more studies are needed to explain whether and how this progress drives tangible improvements in accountability. Several bottlenecks seem to be especially relevant:\n\nIn practice, government commitment to these MSIs is often weak or inconsistent. Governmental sign-on to MSIs may or may not indicate that commitment to open governance is shared across the state apparatus. Indeed, insider governmental advocates of openness often lack leverage over the rest of their governments – which is precisely why they might need (inter)national coalitions to give them a boost (as spelled out in OGP’s strategic plan, for example). Yet the closing of civic space in some MSI countries raises questions about the “net accountability effect” of their affiliation. In those difficult contexts, when does implicit MSI ‘certification’ bolster beleaguered reformists and keep doors open a crack, and when does it serve more to provide cover for fundamentally undemocratic regimes (i.e. openwashing)?\nGovernmental accountability institutions may be too weak or captured to act based on relevant information disclosures. After all, nation-states are composed of many moving parts, and the branches in charge of dealing with information disclosure often have little to do with those responsible for the rule of law. Consider the recent 2015 Open Budget Index: the Mexican government was given high marks for its now well-established information disclosure institutions, yet at the same time, even when high-level conflicts of interest (such as transactions between the president’s family and government contractors) are revealed to the public, the state’s accountability institutions turn out to have their own conflicts of interest and decline to act.\nIt’s hard to translate open data into actionable information. While more open data holds great promise, “infomediaries” (civic information processors) are still learning how to transform data that is often technical, aggregate, and/or abstract into information that is actionable for allies who have the civic muscle necessary to influence the powers that be.\nMSIs are bargaining processes where CSO technical sophistication is key, but expertise is no substitute for political clout. CSOs engaged with MSIs tend to be specialized, technical organizations rather than broad-based organizations with reach outside professional classes in the national capital. In some countries, moreover, CSOs engaged with MSIs are seen as lacking autonomy from their governments. These issues limit CSO participants’ political clout and their claim to represent civil society more broadly. For MSIs to sustain reform momentum, they need to “broaden their base” within national civil societies.", + "Key Recommendations": "So how do we open up these bottlenecks? One key place to look for the coalitions and strategies necessary to do so is at the national level. Some MSIs seek to build national-level multi-sectoral coalitions that can exercise the civic muscle needed to really embed new norms and standards into national institutions. This process of forming national multi-stakeholder groups has gone the furthest in EITI and OGP, though only a minority function well. For example, in EITI, while some countries that are not certified have functioning MSGs, other countries that are certified have weak or unrepresentative MSGs. In OGP, according to civil society liaison coordinator Paul Maassen, “How solid the coordination within civil society is at country level is more difficult to understand. There seems to be some sort of coordination in at least 2/3 of participating countries, with active coalitions in about 15-25% of the countries.” Another promising approach to broadening and deepening the constituencies for MSIs involves the involvement of subnational governments, as EITI is doing in Peru and the Philippines.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.opengovpartnership.org/stories/from-transparency-to-accountability/", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Other" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI)", + "Global Initiative for Fiscal Transparency (GIFT)", + "Open Contracting Partnership (OCP)", + "Construction Sector Transparency Initiative (CoST)" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Transparency and Accountability Initiative" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Democracy, Human Rights, & Governance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Formal Sector", + "Multi-national Business", + "Business Association or Cooperative" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2015" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Sarah Sahlaney", + "Katherine Hoeberling", + "Mark Bell", + "Andrea Bohn" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "1502-Sahla-GLO", + "Document Title": "Documenting Extension Approaches of Selected Development Organizations", + "Document Summary": "To improve understanding of extension and development approaches, this study analyzes interviews with nineteen such Washington, D.C.-based development organizations with the goal of better experience: i) these organizations’ extension and advisory services (EAS) approaches and the factors in their approaches that are often associated with success, ii) specific components of approaches and programs that are unique to each organization, iii) common challenges they have overcome or are working to overcome, and iv) areas identified for improvement. \n\nThe report shows that development organizations strive to ensure program sustainability by engaging the private-for-profit sector and building local capacities. The report provides advice to others with specialized training focusing on leadership, business management, and agronomic practices. An additional approach was to facilitate the development of relationships between farmers and other stakeholders in a value chain rather than providing EAS directly. ", + "Key Findings": "Development organizations rely on a number of different strategies to facilitate farmers’ awareness of, access to and ultimately adoption of improved production and marketing practices; to promote inclusivity; and to ensure program sustainability. The study revealed definitive trends in their approaches and methodologies. Most of the interviewed organizations (1) establish farmer field schools and demonstration plots, (2) build capacity of lead farmers and rely on them to foster continued knowledge exchanges, and (3) provide farmers with credit mechanisms and increase their access to markets, particularly through the use of Information Communication Technologies (ICTs). Another strong trend suggests that development organizations strive to ensure program sustainability by engaging the private-for-profit sector and building local capacities. Finally, our findings suggest that organizations attempt to mainstream gender issues, include participatory \nplanning in project design, and pursue participatory monitoring and evaluation strategies throughout the project cycle, though implementing participatory approaches can be a challenge. During the interviews the organizations shared some particularly successful approaches and strategies that have helped them in pursuing their objectives, but also discussed implementation challenges.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://meas.illinois.edu/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/MEAS-CS-Documenting-Development-Organizations-Extension-Approaches-February-2015.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, and Hunting", + "Fast Moving Consumer Goods", + "Business Services", + "Food & Beverage" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Sysco", + "Cargill", + "Carana", + "Land O'Lakes" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships", + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Feed the Future" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Agriculture and Food Security" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "American Business", + "For-profit approach that generates sustainable income", + "Large Enterprise", + "Multi-national Business", + "Formal Sector" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2015" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Strengthening Health Outcomes through the Private Sector (SHOPS)", + "Chloé Revuz" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Burkina Faso", + "Cameroon", + "Côte d’Ivoire", + "Mauritania", + "Niger", + "Togo" + ], + "Document ID": "1502-SHOPS-MLT", + "Document Title": "West Africa Private Health Sector: Six Macro-Level Assessments", + "Document Summary": "This brief paper summarizes the report's study methods, findings, and key recommendations to inform and strengthen USAID/West Africa's regional family planning and HIV and AIDS strategies. Unfortunately, the health services data available on the private health sector varies by country, so it was not possible to provide the same types of information for each country. Nevertheless, the study followed the SHOP's approach to conducting a private sector assessment: plan, learn, analyze, share, and act, engaging with local stakeholders at each step to ensure accuracy and support. The study team began by compiling a review of the published and gray literature and available data from the most recent Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS), national health accounts (NHA), and international donor reports. Next, they interviewed more than 150 significant stakeholders between December 2013 and March 2014, analyzing quantitative data and qualitative interview responses to synthesize significant findings and draft recommendations. \n\nThe report describes that the private health sector in francophone West Africa includes a wide range of nonprofit and for-profit entities engaged in service delivery, pharmaceutical dispensing, and laboratory diagnostics. In the six focus countries, nonprofits are primarily involved in service delivery and are especially active in rural areas. In addition, nonprofits play a role in providing family planning methods and HIV prevention and testing. For-profit entities are heavily concentrated in urban areas and focus on delivering health services, wholesaling and distributing medical commodities, and private health financing. Most individuals lack health insurance and therefore pay for health care themselves. The report highlights that the six countries demonstrate weak enforcement of laws regarding noncompliant private health facilities; lack of incentives to develop private health facilities in rural areas; outdated, inadequate, and lax inspection standards; and poor private sector reporting, including disease surveillance. Where fora for a public-private dialogue interaction exist, they need to meet regularly and include the for-profit health sector. The two exceptions are Burkina Faso and Côte d'Ivoire. \n", + "Key Findings": "While the region is extremely diverse, the six countries share a strong pronatalist stance and account for some of the highest birth rates in the\nworld. Regional themes that emerged from the assessments and that shape the private health sector include the following:\n\n• Health expenditures\nOut-of-pocket spending represents more than 75 percent of private\nexpenditures in all six countries. Scope of the private sector. Data show the large extent of the private health sector in West Africa. In Cameroon and Côte d’Ivoire, for example, private facilities represent 44 and 52% of all health facilities, respectively. The informal sector is thriving in all six countries, but, beyond anecdotal information, the data are limited. In addition, the six focus countries are at the bottom of the World Bank’s Ease of Doing Business Report (2014).\n\n• Enabling environment for private health sector.\nThe six countries demonstrate weak enforcement of laws regarding noncompliant private health facilities; lack of incentives to develop private health facilities in rural areas; outdated, inadequate, and lax enforcement of inspection standards; and poor private sector reporting, including disease surveillance. Where fora (platform in French) for a public-private dialogue interaction exist, they do not meet regularly and may not include the for-profit health sector. The two exceptions are Burkina Faso and Côte d’Ivoire. HIV and family planning product and service provision. The private sector varies as a major source of family planning methods, responding to the needs of just 5.4 % of Nigerians and to more than 50 % of residents of Togo, Côte d’Ivoire, and Cameroon. Free or subsidized provision of many family planning and HIV products limits the private sector’s incentive to offer such\nproducts. Private provision of HIV and AIDS services varies by country, by type of service, and by private provider category, but, in general, the\nfor-profit sector is marginally involved. However, the nonprofit sector is much more involved in HIV and AIDS treatment, delivering 45% of all ART treatment in Togo and maintaining 65 treatment sites in Côte d’Ivoire. Private providers in all six countries expressed an interest in expanding the provision o family planning and HIV services, provided that a clear regulatory environment legally allows them to charge a fair price for service delivery.\n\n• Corporate social responsibility. \nCorporate social responsibility (CSR) is not well developed in the region. It is largely limited to oil and mining companies as well as to large-scale agricultural and brewery conglomerates that focus more on HIV than on family planning. Within each of the six countries, CSR organizations and business coalitions can help USAID navigate the CSR landscape and develop connections with companies interested in forging health partnerships.\n\n• Public-private partnerships. The region accountsfor a low number of public-private partnerships (PPPs) as compared with other regions such as East Africa. Among the six countries, most PPPs focus on service contracts with NGOs tied to the community-based distribution of HIV and family planning products and services.", + "Key Recommendations": "The six West African countries represent considerable diversity in terms of economic and social development, unmet family planning and reproductive health need, level of HIV delivery in the private sector, and market maturity. Yet, the countries share characteristics unique to the region, particularly with respect to reproductive behavior, private sector growth, and health sector reforms. Drawing on interviews with key stakeholders as well as on Internet research, the assessment team developed regional and country-specific recommendations, as presented below.\n\nRegional Recommendations\n• Improve the public-private landscape across the region through ministry of health collaboration with WAHO as catalyst, convener, and connector. Ministries of health in each country are important drivers of public-private collaboration and set the tone for partnerships. In collaboration with WAHO, they could develop a regional private sector alliance to advocate for the development of standards across West Africa for private sector engagement, reporting, and disease surveillance. Each country, in turn, could develop its national private health sector strategy to increase the private sector’s role in health care delivery. \n\n• Develop total market approaches to family planning by relying on contraceptive security committees. Currently, WAHO is involved in a total market approach for contraceptive procurement, yet government stakeholders interviewed for the assessment demonstrated little understanding of or voiced no interest in pursuing a total market approach. USAID/West Africa projects could work with WAHO and the contraceptive security committees in the six countries to conduct national market segmentation exercises and ensure involvement of the for-profit health sector with each country’s contraceptive security committee. \n\n• Increase access to family planning services through collaboration with affiliates in focus countries. Collaboration with private provider networks that include social franchises and clinic outreach programs, such as Marie Stopes International, International Planned Parenthood Association, and Population Services International, offer the most direct way to increase access to family planning methods in rural and urban areas. Building on existing programs can help leverage scarce family planning resources while attaining economies of scale. \n\n• Increase corporate social responsibility opportunities within countries and across the region. The CSR landscape has undergone significant change, and multinationals are more selective and less willing to engage in CSR activities unrelated to their core business. In each country, it is important to reach companies through CSR associations and business councils in order to preselect companies interested in HIV- and family planning-focused partnerships. \n\n• Develop public-private partnerships with mining companies in West Africa. While mining companies in the region are smaller than those in other parts of Africa, they offer the best opportunity for health-related PPPs among multinationals in the region. These companies could integrate family planning services into existing HIV-related activities at their workplaces.\n\n• Increase learning within the region. Stakeholders interviewed in each country expressed interest in learning more about both unauthorized\nhealth facilities and illegal drug sellers. Research documenting the scale and scope of the informal sector’s involvement in service provision and\ndelivery of health products would be a first step in determining how to improve the sector’s role in the provision of high quality family planning and HIV services. The development of a regional private sector alliance requires a regional mechanism for the sharing of information and experience through an online community of practice. Examination and documentation of successful public-private initiatives can also help move West African countries toward stronger private sector engagement in health. West African countries are increasing their attention on PPP infrastructure, with some countries passing laws to encourage companies’ investment. Nonetheless, the countries need assistance in moving from partnerships focused on infrastructure\nto those focused on health.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.shopsplusproject.org/sites/default/files/resources/West%20Africa%20Private%20Health%20Sector%20-%20Six%20Macro-Level%20Assessments.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Health Care", + "Energy" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Santé Sans Frontière", + "GICAM", + "AREVA", + "SIM", + "Caritas Togo", + "Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;", + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Health" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Micro, Small, or Medium Enterprise", + "For-profit approach that generates sustainable income", + "Formal Sector", + "Multi-national Business", + "Large Enterprise" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2015" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Matthew Addison", + "Farhat Rahman", + "Marc D. Shapiro", + "Elizabeth Stahl" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "1503-Addis-GLO", + "Document Title": "Performance Evaluation Final Report: Climate Technology Initiative Private Financing Advisory Network", + "Document Summary": "The evaluation of the Private Financing Advisory Network (PFAN) Report assesses the performance, effectiveness, and sustainability of PFAN and its participants. This report provides information for future programmatic and policy-related decision-making, offers contextual learning for USAID and other involved partners and stakeholders, and demonstrates resource accountability. Recommendations on specific program elements in the evaluation may also be used to change or update the program’s design and implementation. \n\nThe report argues that while PFAN met or exceeded most performance targets, there needs to be more data collection and survey responses to test whether PFAN contributed significantly to financial closure. While PFAN represents a cost- a lack of consistent data on projects in the pipeline means that even cost-effectiveness calculations could under-represent actual performance. Regarding organizational and structural issues, stakeholders predominantly found the PFAN model moderately effective along several dimensions. Overall, PFAN was viewed as being practical, but developers recognize that barriers remain. Respondents have indicated areas where PFAN can add value beyond what it currently provides. This could be evident in broadening focus, especially if the plan is for PFAN to become more self-supporting. ", + "Key Findings": "PFAN is a unique program. There have been a few projects that target business and also provide finance. Other programs, like the International Finance Corporation's (IFC) Sustainable Energy Facility (SEF), target commercial banks and provide technical assistance and finance. PFAN is focused on providing services to the project developer community to facilitate and increase CE investment.\n\nPFAN is expected to meet or exceed all performance targets and compares favorably with similar projects and programs designed to address barriers to CE investment. To date, 49 projects are estimated to have reached financial closure, meaning they have been matched with and funded by a financial institution, raising a total of $561.5 million.", + "Key Recommendations": "USAID should consider funding expanded PFAN data collection and monitoring and evaluation. This would allow PFAN to develop an appropriate performance monitoring plan, collect data including during\nclosure proper, conduct routine exit surveys, and evaluate key areas of difficulty including procedures.\n\nAssuming both of PFAN's dual objectives of broadening access and increasing projects financed in the developing context remain relevant, USAID may wish to consider revising or adding indicators in the future that focus on broadening access.\n\nPFAN should consider first addressing the remaining barriers within the clean energy business area such as addressing negotiations and assistance for financial closure to reduce time to closure and improve\nreliability of data.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.climatelinks.org/sites/default/files/asset/document/GCCME%20PFAN%20Evaluation%20Final%20Report%202015%2003%2012.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Financial Services", + "Energy" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Environment/Climate Change", + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Financial Institution, Investors, and Intermediaries" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2015" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "African Strategies for Health (ASH)" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Rwanda" + ], + "Document ID": "1503-ASH-RWA", + "Document Title": "Rwanda Health Private Sector Engagement Assessment", + "Document Summary": "To support the Government of Rwanda (GOR) in assessing the landscape, identifying potential opportunities and key obstacles, and developing a framework toward increased and sustained PSE in health, USAID/ Rwanda (USAID/R) commissioned African Strategies for Health (ASH) to carry out the Rwanda Health PSE Assessment. The assessment conducted a comprehensive landscape analysis covering a broad spectrum of strategic areas and their components (11 in total) and laid out detailed recommendations with a set of parameters, which, once vetted by the GOR and its partners, can be used as the framework or roadmap for PSE activities for years to come. All recommendations align with the Health Sector Strategic Plan III (HSSP III) priorities and aim to engage the private health sector better. This is both a challenging and opportune time for the Rwandan health sector. If the current health gains are to be sustained in light of declining external financing and donor support, the private sector must play a critical role in helping to bridge the financing gap. Rwanda’s bold and visionary national leadership recognizes the importance of the private sector and has initiated efforts to support it. However, much work remains to increase private sector participation to reach the five-percent goal set by HSSP III.\n\nThe private sector has a key role in gaining efficiency and generating new resources in the health sector, which contributes to positive public health outcomes. Rwanda has some unique and significant challenges, especially in expanding the for-profit health sector. As such, heightened leadership and efforts need to be made by the GOR with help from all stakeholders, particularly DPs, to create an improved enabling environment effectively. A vibrant and expanded private sector will help reduce demand on the public sector but, more importantly, to help sustain and accelerate the gains achieved by the GOR.", + "Key Findings": "The findings of the case study can be divided into these categories:\n\n•Leadership & Advocacy\nThere is strong leadership and political will at senior levels, which is a critical success factor for PSE. The level of understanding/support for PSE varies within the GOR but there is a lack of systems and knowledge about how to engage the private sector, especially to develop PPPs. On top of this, effective coordination and clarity of roles and responsibilities between key stakeholders, such as the MOH, Rwanda Development Board (RDB), and RBC, is lacking and thus, limiting effective PSE. There is a lack of adequate capacity within the MOH, RDB, and RBC for effective PSE and PPP development and only limited dialogue and no formal platforms and systems for public and private engagement.\n\n• Policy and Planning\nThe overall tax and investment environment in Rwanda is favorable for private sector development (please see Annex B of the full assessment report for more discussion). A new PPP legal framework has been approved (not disseminated) and the MOH, RBC, and RDB all have units or positions designed to engage the private health sector. Health-specific incentives in the tax and investment code are lacking, the implementation of PSE policies and plans is slow and PPP mechanisms and PSE/PPP planning process are not finalized. There are inadequate resources for effective PSE and PPP development and national- and district-level managers lack adequate skills and business know-how to implement PSE and PPPs.\n\nThe private sector and other key stakeholders are not adequately engaged in policy development and planning and there is limited communication and confidence between the public and private sectors. Current GOR tariff structure and complex regulations (e.g. procurement, licensing, and customs) can impede PSE. The new electronic single window system may facilitate trade by speeding up and simplifying information flows while there are opportunities to increase revenue collections on the importation and registration of new pharmaceutical products. Most private sector associations have limited organizational capacity while most hospitals lack autonomy, which creates accountability, management, and efficiency issues.\n\n• Investment and Access to Finance \nThere is currently some financing for the private health sector. Loan terms (collateral requirements, interest rates, borrower contributions) and lack of start-up capital restrict borrowing. There is low domestic and foreign investment in the health sector and is compounded by the fact that the RDB has limited knowledge of the health sector and institutional capacity to increase investment in this sector. Limited business skills in the health sector prevent increased access to finance and investment.\n\n• Corporate Social Responsibility\nThere are some examples of CSR (including PPPs) for the health sector in Rwanda, including GlaxoSmithKline’s support for One Family Health and Bralirwa’s funding for the local manufacturing of mosquito nets and workplace programming. Currently, most CSR funding is in the agricultural and information, communication, and technology (ICT) sectors by multinational companies mainly due to GOR-, DP-led investment promotion activities. There is low domestic and foreign investment in the health sector.\n\n• Health Subsector\nService Delivery: The private health sector is interested in expanding and partnering with the public sector and some public facilities are actively exploring PPPs. The private service delivery sector is small and fragmented but there is an opportunity to develop a sustainable private health post model and significant interest to increase PPPs and other income-generation strategies within facilities. There is no clear process and legal framework, and limited capacit to develop and implement PPPs. “Business culture” and business skills are limited at the facility level. There is an interest and opportunity to strengthen and promote\nspecialized services and tertiary care in the private sector\n\nHealth Financing: Rwanda has made substantial progress towards universal coverage, overcoming financial barriers and improving equity. The private service delivery sector is small and fragmented and the integration of CBHI under the RSSB poses an opportunity for improved operational, financial, and management efficiencies. A high dependency on donor funding, which is declining, and the low purchasing power of the population is creating stress. The current GOR tariff is low, deterring private sector investment. A costing exercise has been completed to revise the GOR tariff structure, which is now awaiting approval. CBHI claim processing and payment inefficiencies and delays negatively impact private HPs. Opportunities exist to better integrate private insurance into the health financing system. Most community health worker (CHW) cooperatives operate income-generation activities (although low-profit), and income generation at the DH level is limited. There is interest in expanding income generation and improving efficiencies, but DH managers lack the skills and mindset.\n\nHRH\nThe lack of skilled health care workers is a constraint to PSE, to the development of specialized private health services, and to the privatization of medical equipment maintenance. The GOR is aware of the HRH problem and has a long-term vision and plan in place for developing a skilled workforce. Retention is a major issue, particularly in rural areas.\n\nMedical Products\nThere is an active private pharmaceutical sector and a relatively\nactive private pharmacy sector. There are plans to strengthen biomedical engineering skills, and the GOR is creating a Center of Excellence for biomedical engineering that will serve as an East African regional resource. There is insufficient funding and planning for medical equipment maintenance and management, and a culture of replacement rather than repair due to donor dependency. There is a lack of skilled biomedical engineers and technicians. There are complex procurement and customs requirements for medical equipment and spare parts. There is almost no local medical product/equipment manufacturing.\n\nHIS\nThe GOR has made significant strides in e-health but there are\nmore opportunities to increase efficiencies through increased use of technology and PSE. There is increased use of DHIS2 with a high reporting rate and limited existing initiatives of private sector engagement in health information and mobile technology (e.g. RapidSMS). There are weak basic computer and IT skills at various levels. There is inefficient institutional capacity and systems, and high cost of basic IT and help desk operation. The high cost of Internet, including high set-up and operational costs for infrastructure, unstable electricity, and lack of resources, makes operations quite costly.\n\nHPP\nOutreach and demand-creation activities can improve the viability of\nsmall-scale private providers. PPPs related to HPP are working well, but there is significant room to improve and expand. There is an increased number of registered CHWs with high commitment to HPP work. There has been limited corporate engagement related HPP/CSR. New training programs are being developed for community health technicians on noncommunicable diseases in collaboration with the Workforce Development Authority. There are inadequate resources and access to HPP trainings.\n\nLKMThere are a number of existing PPPs geared towards training\nfacilitation, education, and knowledge transfer but there is limited knowledge within the GOR about health PPPs/PSE, no central database on the private sector, and no evidence base. There is also low clinical and operational research capacity (public and private), and inadequate PS involvement.", + "Key Recommendations": "Selected key findings and recommendations (please see full assessment report for the detailed version) are presented on the following pages by strategic area. Each feeds into the following umbrella recommendation:\n\nFoster an enabling environment that promotes the growth of PSE in health over the longer term, while facilitating, developing, and implementing targeted “quick wins,” and broader PPPs that will help sustain and build on the current gains, especially at the primary and secondary levels of the health system.\n\nLeadership and Advocacy\n• Identify and support key health PSE leadership with critical “business” thinking at all levels. A Private Health Sector Coordination Committee (PHSCC) anchored at the highest levels of the MOH, RBC, and RDB supported by a Secretariat should drive PSE in Rwanda.\n• Strengthen overall PPP and business development capacity at MOH\nand RBC.\n• Intensify public expression of support and advocacy from senior GOR decision-makers for PSE and to increase resource allocation for heightened and sustainable PSE interventions. \n\nPolicy and Planning\n• Prepare a detailed, evidence based and prioritized action plan for key\nPSE activities.\n• Use the action plan to ensure efficient and equitable allocation of all\ntypes of resources for implementation at all levels.\n• Strengthen national and district level PSE policy and planning capacity.\n• Promote and increase meaningful participation of all stakeholders\nin formulation of PSE policies, strategies, and plans, and ensure\nownership and alignment.\n• Review current regulations and amend/introduce new ones in line\nwith international practices to develop PPPs, generate revenue, and\ngain efficiency.\n• Propose dialogue, and advocate for possible adaptation of law(s) that\nwill give the hospitals management autonomy with appointed board\nof directors.\n• Strengthen various private sector associations toward making\nthemselves self-sustaining and more efficient to serve and represent\ntheir members.\n\nInvestment and Access to Finance\n• Create/buy into health sector challenge funds.\n• Structure Development Credit Authority (DCA), supported by technical assistance technical adviser (TA) to financial institutions, to increase lending to the private sector.\n• Develop additional sources of financing through the GOR, other\ninternational financial institutions, and donors.\n• Strengthen RDB’s capacity to facilitate private health sector investment.\n• Devise and support TA to assist private health care businesses to\nobtain financing.\n\nCorporate Social Responsibility\n• Strengthen CSR to support PSE, PPPs, and increased funding for the\nhealth sector.\n• Identify priority areas for CSR activities in the health sector and\nformulate a strategy and advocacy plan.\n\nHealth Subsector\nService Delivery• Develop and implement an innovative public-private community\npartnership model for HPs under the management of private nurses.\n• Create a risk pooling fund to ensure HPs are located throughout the\ncountry.\n• Develop and institutionalize a business and financial management\ncapacity-building program for district hospital managers.\n• Develop and institutionalize a PSE, business, and management\ncapacity-building program for central-level managers.\n• Support and incentivize the establishment of private sector specialized/tertiary care.\n\nHealth Financing\n• Establish an integrated health insurance system and review the\nfunctioning of the system for its impact on quality of services,\npayments and equity, and sustainability.\n• Create a risk pooling fund to ensure HPs are located throughout the country.\n• Strengthen RSSB structural and institutional processes to successfully\nintegrate CBHI.\n• Strengthen income generation of CHW cooperatives and evaluate\nloss of PBF.\n• Establish a national association of HPs and support income generation.\n• Roll out strategies for income generation, PPPs, and efficiency gain at\nthe district hospitals.\n• Explore partnerships with private health insurance industry to increase coverage and higher contribution (currently one percent) from their earned premium to the CBHI.\n\nHRH• Continue to promote and support the development of specialized\nhealth workers (specialized physicians, midwives, biomedical\ntechnicians, and engineers)\n• Increase resources and access to health promotion and prevention\n(HPP) relevant training for the private sector\n\nMedical Products\n• Devise and implement a parallel and phased approach on equipment\nmanagement and maintenance (see full report for details).\n• Explore and support production and expansion of select medical\nproducts.\n• Explore potential for increased privatization of drug procurement\nand distribution, and improve current planning.\n\nHIS\n• Increase efficiencies through expanded use of e-healthExplore\noutsourcing of basic IT support, help desk functions, etc.\n• Increase PSE in building various interfaces to support interoperability\nbetween systems.\n• Develop software and mobile phone interface for CBHI claims\nmanagement and electronic drug procurement at health post level.\n• Use mobile money for HP and CHW payments.\n\nHPP\n• Increase PSE activities with targeted HPP strategies to help strengthen private sector contribution to health outcomes; activities including but not limited to:\n • Increase PSE in building various interfaces to support interoperability between systems.\n • Develop software and mobile phone interface for CBHI claims\nmanagement and electronic drug procurement at health post level.\n • Use mobile money for HP and CHW payments.\n\nLKM• Test different PPP models, disseminate findings and scale up\nsuccessful models\n• Strengthen operational and clinical research\n• Develop and disseminate knowledge, information, and evidence to\nfacilitate PSE and income generation", + "Internet URL of Document": "http://www.africanstrategies4health.org/uploads/1/3/5/3/13538666/usaidrwanda_privatesectorengagementassessmentbrief_final.pdf", + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;", + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Health" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2015" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Rosemary Barber-Madden", + "Mesfin Beyero", + "Steven Hansch" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Ethiopia" + ], + "Document ID": "1503-Barbe-ETH", + "Document Title": "Final Performance Evaluation Ethiopia Food by Prescription ", + "Document Summary": "This report examines the results of integrating Nutrition Assessment Counseling and Support (NACS) into HIV care and treatment services and reviews the systems in place to integrate the quantification, management, and distribution of Ready-to-Use Therapeutic Food (RUTF) and Ready-to-Use Supplementary Food (RUSF) commodities into the Logistics Management Information System (LMIS) at the national and regional levels. The report provides findings and recommendations, clustering them into four domains: Domain 1: Effectiveness of Activity Implementation and Management, Domain 2: Sustainability, Domain 3: Relevance, and Domain 4: Gender. ", + "Key Findings": "FBP exceeded all of its targets with 64 percent (target 60 percent) of clinically malnourished PLHIV including PMTCT and OVC clients graduating from the activity, and 0.8 percent (target < 5 percent) of PLHIV (including PMTCT and OVC clients) who died during the course of treatment. The report also notes that M&E Plan data indicates FBP met its targets for data and number of reports shared with government and partners, and for the percentage of facilities and distribution outlets collecting and reporting data to FBP. Yet FBP underperformed on the number of health facilities handed over to government. Also, there has been no emphasis on counseling for dietary diversification or increasing micronutrient intake using the locally available sources. To conclude, we found no evidence that gender-related issues were examined, flagged or tracked over time. \n\n\n", + "Key Recommendations": "Sustain and Scale-up: Based on the successes evidenced in this evaluation, USAID should continue to support the scale-up and integration with other nutritional outreach efforts, while working with the GOE to explore other options for subsidizing supplemental foods. The ES component lacks sufficient evidence of effectiveness to be scaled-up.\n\nWork jointly to assure routine nutrition assessment and counseling: The FMoH and HAPCO should work closely with RHBs, USAID’s Food and Nutrition Technical Assistance (USAID/FANTA III), World Food Programme (WFP) and other stakeholders working in nutrition and HIV/AIDS, to ensure that all health facilities routinely carry out nutritional assessment and counseling. \n\nInclude NACS in ART training: USAID and FMoH should assure the inclusion of NACS into the standard ART training, with appropriate indicators to ensure that every health worker trained on ART is also trained on NACS. Over the long-term, the FMoH, HAPCO, and USAID/FANTA III need to consider integration of NACS into the pre-service curriculum of health science colleges and medical schools.\n", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/pa00kp7m.pdf", + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Health" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2015" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Judith Harkins", + "Mpundu Mwanza", + "Sylvester Nandi", + "Robert Bernstein" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Tanzania" + ], + "Document ID": "1503-Harki-TZA", + "Document Title": "Performance Evaluation of the Strengthening Pediatric HIV and AIDS Services in Tanzania Program", + "Document Summary": "This report captures the learning to what extent the goals and objectives of the Baylor International Pediatric AIDS Initiative (BIPAI) have been achieved and provides guidance on any modifications needed to improve the future effectiveness and sustainability of this type of program. In addition, the report documents lessons learned to inform USAID’s design of follow-on programming for strengthening pediatric HIV/AIDS services in Tanzania. \n\nKey lessons learned include (1) Provider-initiated testing and counseling for all children at all entry points contributed to increasing identification of HIV-exposed and HIV-infected children, (2) Know Your Child’s Status (KYCS) activities resulted in increasing early identification of HIV- infected children, (3) Case-based classroom education plus clinical attachment followed by on-the-job mentoring and follow-up are an excellent adult learning model for pediatric HIV post-graduate training, (4) The family-centered continuum-of-care model, including advanced TB diagnostic and treatment services, extends beyond the usual episodic care of the child and leads to more comprehensive testing, treatment, care, and case finding of adults and children, and (5) The BIPAI online curricula, toolkit, and standard operating procedure charts are helpful job aids that increase the performance and quality of services. \n\n", + "Key Findings": "Key findings included quantitative and qualitative evidence that the program has been (1) increasing the early identification, testing and treating of HIV-exposed and HIV-infected children in the Lake and Southern Highlands zones; (2) improving the early identification, treatment and care of HIV-infected children through outreach activities and the improvement of HCW competencies by combining case-based classroom training with a clinical attachment followed by on-the-job mentoring at the CoEs and outreach sites; and (3) satisfying most stakeholders with the performance and quality of its training, outreach and clinical services.", + "Key Recommendations": "The evaluation team made a number of recommendations to improve the reach, coverage and effectiveness of BIPAI’s capacity-building efforts through a cascading training-of-trainers approach and improvements in its outreach activities and monitoring and evaluation (M&E) methods. Additional recommendations include strengthening the undergraduate and post-graduate training programs in the fields of medicine, nursing, pharmaceutical practice and laboratory science. The team’s overarching recommendation is for the continuation, expansion\nand/or transition of the BIPAI program in support of the MoHSW’s efforts in pediatric HIV/AIDS.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Performance-evaluation-of-the-Strengthening-HIV-and-Bernstein-Harkins/dd71982605842e68cc148976a1df68131ca9e6f8", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Educational Services" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Baylor University" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships", + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Advancing Learning and Market Research;", + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Youth", + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Health" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "American Business" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2015" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Edward Kong", + "Rhett Morris" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Kenya" + ], + "Document ID": "1503-Kong-KEN", + "Document Title": "The Critical 5 Percent: Why Scaleup Companies are Vital for Job Creation in Kenya", + "Document Summary": "This report analyzes job creation by firm type: startups up to three years old, scaleups greater than three years old that have 20 percent or more average annual employment growth, and other companies greater than three years old that have less than 20 percent average annual employment growth. The data in this report is drawn primarily from the World Bank Enterprise Survey (2013) of 713 Kenyan companies. The sample is constructed using a stratified random sample based on firm size, business sector, and geographic region within a country. The analysis contained in this report is based on the following three survey questions:\n• “In what year did this establishment begin operations in this country?”\n• “At the end of the fiscal year, how many permanent, full-time employees did this establishment employ?”\n• “Three fiscal years ago, in the year, how many permanent, full-time employees did this establishment employ?”\n\nUsing firms’ responses to these questions, this report constructs an employment compound annual growth rate (CAGR). The report summarizes job figures using sampling weights. Therefore, the report suggests considering the findings valid at the economic level. \n", + "Key Findings": "Kenya needs to create more than 3.9 million new jobs for young people by 2020. According to recent estimates, over 1.5 million people are unemployed in Kenya, and over a third of them are young people between the ages of 15 and 24. In addition, Kenya’s workforce is projected to grow by 3.4 million people between 2014 and 2020, due primarily to new young adults entering the job market. Scaleups are some of the largest job creators in Kenya and can help to reduce youth unemployment. A 2013 World Bank survey found that only 5 percent of Kenyan companies were scaleups, but these companies created 72 percent of all new jobs generated during the previous three years. Furthermore, these scaleups need access to markets, talent, and funding in order to succeed. According to a survey of more than 1,000 entrepreneurial leaders from around the world, these three factors are the most important contributors to a firm’s growth and success. Contrary to the prevailing wisdom among many policymakers, respondents did not mention other factors such as regulatory frameworks or low taxes.\n", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://issuu.com/endeavorglobal1/docs/the_critical_5___kenya_", + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Endeavor Insight" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Youth" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2015" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Ritu Nayyar-Stone", + "Ulian Bilotkach" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Ukraine" + ], + "Document ID": "1503-Mende-UKR", + "Document Title": "Performance Evaluation of the Development Initiative for Advocating Local Governance in Ukraine", + "Document Summary": "This is a report on the Final Performance Evaluation of the Development Initiative for Advocating Local Governance in Ukraine (DIALOGUE) Project funded by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) Mission in Ukraine. The report assesses the relevance and effectiveness of selected DIALOGUE activities intended to advance decentralization in Ukraine and 2) discusses approaches for potential follow-on programming. ", + "Key Findings": "1. DIALOGUE was praised by all stakeholders interviewed by the ET for changing and creating a more positive environment for local governments. DIALOGUE’s templates and website designs have helped several local governments conduct opinion polls and surveys, and share budget information and performance indicators on the city website. \n\n2. Dialogue Day was consistently cited as being the most effective strategy for establishing working relationships with state officials, primarily with the Cabinet of Ministers and relevant state agencies.\n\n3. Both DIALOGUE and KIs in other development assistance programs mentioned using each other’s website to showcase their own work and best practices, and to include links to their own projects; case studies and lessons learned are also presented in each other’s workshops and seminars.\n\n4. DIALOGUE has promoted principles of transparency and openness among local governments by encouraging member cities to have a website to provide information on the budget, mayor’s policy initiatives, and other pertinent information, and providing website templates for smaller member cities and villages.", + "Key Recommendations": "1. Legislative drafting should be continued and strengthened, as many new laws and by-laws would need to be prepared and cleared through the Cabinet of Ministers and the\nParliament.\n\n2. Continue support to hold Dialogue Day with Government of Ukraine (GoU). Also consider organizing and holding them on a more frequent basis, such as twice a year or as needed. Explore organizing and holding a Dialogue Day with Parliament, as part of the annual AUC municipal conventions (this is already scheduled for 2015).\n\n3. Similar to a donor coordination meeting, a quarterly or semi-annual meeting of donor funded projects could be very useful in sharing lessons learned and creating synergies for\ngreater collaboration. Keeping an active and updated record of past success stories and achievements can also help in quickly getting access to past analytical studies/guides and\nupdating them rather than having to “reinvent the wheel.”\n\n4. Increasing public support for local government reform is one of DIALOGUE’s objectives. However, the project has not chosen – at least thus far - to achieve this objective by\nencouraging and assisting local governments to focus on improvements in service delivery. Citizens’ support and trust in their government usually flows from the ability of the\ngovernment to be responsive to citizen’s needs and priorities. A focus on concrete, achievable results and service improvements within the budget, based on citizen feedback is\nan important step to achieve public support for reform.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00KKD8.pdf", + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Efficiency and Effectiveness", + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge", + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;", + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment", + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Youth", + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Conflict" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Democracy, Human Rights, & Governance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Europe and Eurasia" + ], + "Year": "2015" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Naresh Singh" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global", + "Rwanda", + "Somalia", + "Cambodia", + "Iraq", + "Libya", + "Syria" + ], + "Document ID": "1503-Singh-GLO-pr", + "Document Title": "Book Review: The United Nations and Changing World Politics", + "Document Summary": "THE UNITED NATIONS AND CHANGING WORLD POLITICS 7th EDITION is a Book Review covering the events such as the impact of the recent financial crisis on international politics, the UN's actions relating to the Arab Spring (especially the problems of Libya and Syria), Rio+20, and the Iranian nuclear issue. The book is structured around the three main organizational components of the UN and its three main thematic areas. Three vital organizational components used to describe the transitions the UN has been undergoing, also referred to as the three UNs, are 1) the UN as a collection of (193) states meeting together to make decisions and international agreements in the General Assembly, the Security Council and the Economic and Social Council; 2) the UN Secretariat of officials headed by the Secretary-General, 3) a convening center of the world's non-governmental organizations and global civil society who seek to articulate unofficial global public interest. The first two are covered in more depth. The three main thematic areas in which the UN works are described: 1) international peace and security, 2) human rights and humanitarian affairs, and 3) sustainable human development. \n\nThe review report highlights that the book is comprehensive, easy to read, and well-documented. While it is intended as a core text for courses on the UN and international organizations, its coverage of the themes of security, human rights, and international development will make it suitable as supplemental material for courses on international development, international affairs diplomacy, and world politics. One crucial dimension missing from this text is the organizational culture that has evolved from politics, state power, the need for geographical balance, and diplomacy, and how this affects staff behavior and decision-making processes. The net result, some will argue, is cumbersome bureaucracy, malaise, and ineffective delivery. Others will counter that this efficiency level is equal to that of most governments. A chapter on this theme would be most relevant and helpful in understanding the UN better.", + "Key Findings": "The evolution of the role of the UN and its failures and successes are driven by “politics entrenched in state rivalries between the haves and have-nots, competing power centers and bureaucratic infighting to control agendas and resources.”(xiii) The authors have endeavored to capture the essence of the UN as a political organization struggling to make international public policy through the exercise of power. This struggle takes place at the intersection of the three UN’s and the three main thematic areas and proceeds through operational activities, diplomatic bargaining, and new norm setting.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/24543837?seq=1", + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Reputation and Credible Convening Power" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "International Journal on World Peace" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Conflict" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Peace & Security", + "Democracy, Human Rights, & Governance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Peer-reviewed article or other research report", + "USAID Region": [ + "Global", + "Africa", + "Asia", + "Middle East" + ], + "Year": "2015" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Beverly Stauffer", + "Yayne Fekadu", + "Edward Borhol", + "Ikemefuna Eronini", + "James Kormon" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Liberia" + ], + "Document ID": "1503-Stauf-LBR", + "Document Title": "USAID/Liberia Rebuilding Basic Health Services Final Project Evaluation", + "Document Summary": "The end-line evaluation of the second phase of the six-year Rebuilding Basic Health Services (RBHS) project in Liberia provides the details on (1) the effectiveness of the project design and capacity-building approaches; (2) the progress of decentralization of health services, noting challenges and lessons learned; (3) capacity-building needs of the MOHSW and county health services identified during the Ebola outbreak and how the project helped to capacitate the government and community partners to respond to that crisis; (4) effectiveness of the support to the MOHSW in area of health financing; and (5) strengths and weaknesses of the community health program. \n", + "Key Findings": "• Overall, the evaluation team heard from central and county governmental partners that RBHS’s capacity-building work was highly valued, and they could point to improvements in how systems were working or to new capacities that had been built.\n\n• While the written project goals, objectives and targets were not specific to decentralization, the project did work to build capacities in counties to assume new functions related to deconcentration in\nsupport of the Government of Liberia’s long-term goal of decentralization.\n\n• RBHS and partners were well placed given their presence in counties with outbreaks and the collaborative relationship with the MOHSW, and thus they were able to make significant contributions to the response.\n\n• In the first phase of RBHS, a key component of the RBHS program focused on provision of direct support for delivery of primary and secondary health services, implemented through performance-based sub-contracts with NGOs.", + "Key Recommendations": "Capacity-building approaches: As noted by several informants from the central and county levels, and recommended by the evaluation team, all capacity-building activities require: (a) clear, specific and time-bound objectives, and if technical assistance, terms of reference; (b) technical advisors, trainers or coaches with expertise, relevant experience and skills in knowledge transfer and teaming; (c) clear benchmarks; and (d) careful monitoring of performance by the project/donor.\n\nDeconcentration/Decentralization: Supporting accelerated deconcentration of management of essential health care services and public health functions from the MOHSW to county and district health teams will require a systems approach, strengthening MOHSW functions and skills of personnel to carry out their oversight role and monitoring responsibilities while supporting county government as it assumes increasing responsibilities.\n\nEbola Response: The Ebola crisis has brought to the forefront the need for much stronger disease (and injury) prevention and control. It is recommended that USAID work in partnership with other key\ninternational agencies to provide technical assistance and capacity-building to develop a Public Health Service, within which community health, social mobilization, environmental health and health promotion functions are contained in addition to disease surveillance and outbreak/epidemic management to carry out the essential governmental public health services.", + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth", + "Conflict" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Health" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2015" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "4Children" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Uganda" + ], + "Document ID": "1504-4Chil-UGA", + "Document Title": "USAID/Uganda OVC Portfolio Review ", + "Document Summary": "This report reviews the portfolio of USAID-funded orphans and other vulnerable children (OVC) programming in Uganda. The original scope of work (SoW) was to provide an up-to-date analysis of information collected through a desk review and key informant interviews of the strategy's strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT). Upon further discussion with representatives of the mission, the SoW was reassessed, and a specific focus on several priority issues were included: (1) targeting case management and referral mechanisms; (2) graduation; (3) links with HIV/AIDS care and treatment partners; and (4) overall coordination amongst implementing partners. Although the overall review was completed within a SWOT analysis, the main content of the portfolio review is structured around these core components of the strategy.\n \nThe 4Children team adopted a primarily qualitative approach for the portfolio review. Primary qualitative data was collected from project stakeholders, including USAID, OVC implementing partners, UNICEF, care and treatment project staff, national and district-level government officials, and Technical Service Organizations (TSOs) working closely with district and sub-county governments under the SUNRISE-OVC Project. The portfolio review was conducted simultaneously with the SUNRISE-OVC Final Evaluation, and the team combined the information needs of both projects.\n\nThe portfolio review report highlights the need for USAID Uganda to maintain a holistic intervention approach to reduce vulnerability and assist children and families affected by HIV and AIDS. This includes a judicious mix of household economic strengthening, linkages to care and treatment programming, and continued investment in systems strengthening. Building on the experience of SCORE and SUNRISE-OVC across all project components, it is an opportune time for USAID Uganda to develop and promote a more unified understanding of system strengthening and child protection amongst all OVC partners. Ensuring OVC programming priorities, approaches, and interventions are shared and understood across national government bodies, UNICEF and all USAID implementing partners have the potential to maximize USAID investments further. This would help the Uganda social welfare system partner with civil society and more effectively meet the needs of OVC throughout the country.\n", + "Key Findings": "As agreed upon with USAID/Uganda, the team prioritized review of specific topics related to OVC programming in Uganda including systems strengthening, child protection, targeting and enrollment,\ngraduation and coordination with care and treatment partners. A rapid analysis of the existing USAID OVC Strategy for Uganda was also included as part of the portfolio review. These findings are informed\nby the desk review, key informant interviews and an understanding of the current context, both nationally and globally, regarding OVC programming priorities. In general, the team found the existing strategy to be comprehensive, reflect global and national priorities related to OVC and was evidence based with minimal need to change or adapt the existing strategy or approach.\n\n• Social Service Systems and Child Protection Capacity\nStrengthening the social service system requires understanding and addressing (1) the unique and mandated role of government to oversee, coordinate and manage the system to ensure that interventions are sustainable; (2) the active and planned engagement of civil society to support government, especially in the provision of social services; and (3) the need to develop or strengthen a range of interventions aimed at coordinating and strengthening the different components that make up the system. Given that the systems strengthening approach is relatively new within the OVC sector, it was not surprising that there was significant variance in OVC implementing partners’ understanding of the approach and the role of government, as well as what is meant by terms such as ‘child protection.’ \n\nThese differences in understanding were particularly acute among non-OVC focused implementing partners that have OVC among their target populations, but not as their primary mandate. The USAID Mission in Uganda is in a unique position to support the transition to a more standardized approach and understanding by all OVC implementing partners of both the systems strengthening approach and the importance of child protection. If USAID continues to integrate OVC funds into larger non-OVC projects, then it may be worthwhile for project management of these projects to participate in a one-day management level orientation to social services strengthening and child protection based on the Makerere University Child Protection Training outlined in this report. This workshop would help implementing partners to adopt standardized terminology and a shared understanding of key concepts, building the foundation for improved coordination across the OVC response, and strengthening linkages\nwith the government social welfare system.\n\n• Targeting and Enrollment\nTargeting and enrollment are the processes used to identify and enroll households and children that will be served by a specific project or intervention. The USAID Mission has identified the most HIV affected areas of Uganda as geographic targets for their OVC programming, but each implementing partner uses different approaches and tools to identify beneficiaries. For example, one approach was a community mapping by district social welfare officers under the SUNRISE-OVC project, where data and targeting information was shared with other USAID projects such as the Sustainable Comprehensive Responses for Vulnerable Children and their families project (SCORE) and with smaller civil society organization initiatives in the districts. In contrast, district and sub-county government officials typically used the Child Status Index (CSI) and Child Protection Registration Forms while other OVC projects used the Vulnerability Index. Several projects developed their own tools and approaches. USAID-funded partners might be required to utilize government-endorsed targeting and enrollment tools in order to the consistency of approach across projects and to foster recognition of the government’s role within the system. Those tools might also benefit from some review and modification. \n• Graduation\nGraduation is typically understood as the process of moving a household, family or child from receiving services (i.e., they are found to be in a place wherein they do not require services). Graduation is also utilized when discussing household economic strengthening and refers to a household moving from one type of economic vulnerability to a less vulnerable level. From key informant interviews with implementing partners, it appears that not all of them have an explicit graduation strategy. Those that do use a range of criteria to graduate beneficiaries including the age of the child, the level of schooling, and (in projects with a strong household economic strengthening component) analysis of household economic vulnerability using a combination of the Vulnerability Index (VI) and CSI or a project-specific assessment tool. USAID, in partnership with the Ministry of Gender, Labour and Social Development (MGLSD), may want to consider convening a technical working group on graduation. The working group would be tasked with providing definitions of graduation in different contexts, how to measure graduation and what level of resiliency and/or changes in vulnerability can be anticipated over specific time periods ranging from, say, one to five years. \n• Case Management\nThe Portfolio Review found that there is no unified approach to case management and that implementing partners use a range of case management and referral mechanisms. There are two main findings related to case management systems: 1) Lack of a unified approach to case management and 2) lack of a common monitoring and evaluation (M & E) system to support case management. SUNRISE-OVC appears to have placed significant emphasis on developing case management, supporting district and sub-county government officials to use the CSI to complete home visit forms and to track consultations in a case management book. In spite of these achievements, there are inconsistencies within that project in the use of the tools and shortcomings in the existing approach. For example, there is no unique identifier for beneficiaries to assign cases by child or household, rather than by incident. There is also limited reach to deliver services at the community level and a lack of a clear follow-up process to ensure the case is resolved.This review found across the portfolio that there is an absence of unique identifiers, standard case files and/or procedures to store case files, as well as limited movement to transition to electronic case files, which would allow for improved trend analysis and linkages across the system. The National OVC MIS system facilitates tracking children reached, but is not designed as a case management tool, although it has the potential to serve as an important component of a strengthened case management system.\n• Referral mechanisms\nCase management and referral mechanisms are closely linked. A strong case management system must include clear and coordinated referral procedures to ensure that any given case plan (and the services to be delivered) is followed in a coordinated, timely and child sensitive manner. This review found that each project had some kind of referral system in place that linked health facilities, CSOs and/or government service providers, but that there was significant variation in the specific strategy and effectiveness of these systems. Referral mechanisms reviewed ranged from formal to informal. Some provided the client with a standard referral form, while others relied on word of mouth or direct accompaniment of the client to the next point of service (which can be particularly important for victims of child protection violations such as defilement or abuse). According to key informant interviews, actors from several projects stated that completion of the referral by the client depended on several factors including perceived value of the service by the client, geographic location and distance/transport options to reach the service, availability of the service and whether the client met the selection criteria. Given the gaps and limitations identified in the current system, there’s a need to review and leverage lessons learned from the portfolio and work might be launched to develop standard operating procedures for case management and the associated referral mechanisms. \n\nHIV/AIDS and OVC \nA growing evidence base demonstrates the linkages between HIV and child protection related adversities. For example, there appears to be an association between HIV infection and early sexual debut and/or sexual violence. There is also the increased likelihood of children in households affected by HIV of contracting the disease. Children affected by HIV in turn face protective challenges such as stigma or lack of family or suitable alternative care. The Portfolio Review paid particularly attention to the linkages between HIV and OVC vulnerability, specifically, the identification of pediatric cases, disclosure and treatment adherence, sexual violence and HIV and coordination between community-based OVC services and facility-based care and treatment partners.\n\n• Case identification. \nCare and treatment partners interviewed believed they are exhausting\nefforts to identify HIV+ children that have not been tested or are not receiving appropriate care and treatment. They are conducting near universal testing in pediatric wards, increasing provider initiated testing and follow up (PITC), following up on HIV Exposed Infants (HEI) at\nreproductive health clinics (whose mothers gave birth at home) and increasing HIV testing during antenatal visits. Most are finding low prevalence of HIV among children and question UNAIDS estimates. In contrast, OVC partners know of HIV+ children in their communities who\nnever reach care and treatment centers, likely due to fear of being stigmatized within their communities. Overall, new cases of children has made a noted decrease in the past several years most likely due to an increase in PMTCT services and roll out of ART.\n\n• Disclosure and adherence. \nIn key informant interviews OVC partners expressed concern at the manner in which HIV status of children and their parents is disclosed to children and indicated that clinical staff are often not trained on age-appropriate disclosure communication. Even when children’s status is known, children often fail to access or adhere to treatment due to lack\nof knowledge on drug use and dosage, drug-sharing within families and/or lack of oversight and attention from parents.\n\n• Sexual violence and HIV. \nMost OVC partners understood the linkages between sexual violence and HIV transmission and recognized that child sexual abuse requires both a legal and medical response. That said, not all partners were aware of the 72-hour window for PEP.\n\n• Coordination. \nCoordination between community-based OVC and facility-based care and treatment partners is very limited, although care and treatment partners were receptive to increasing collaboration with the social service sector. Para social workers and other social welfare actors would benefit from some training on HIV to support pediatric enrollment and\nadherence. Both OVC and care and treatment programs need to identify areas of intersection, whereby both can leverage their comparative expertise to ensure that more children and families are reached with care and treatment services and the social welfare support they need. \n\nUnder SUNRISE-OVC and other projects within the OVC portfolio, USAID programming has resulted in improved coordination and working relationships between government and civil society organizations, as well as across USAID projects. This development is evidenced by a growing number of formal and informal relationships between institutions and projects. Opportunities for further alignment remain – ensuring projects work within and understand government planning cycles for the fiscal year starting July 1st would help to support OVC priorities within government plans. Likewise more direct leadership to promote coordination by USAID could incentivize partners to align work plans and foster new types of collaboration between implementing partners, particularly OVC and care and treatment partners. ", + "Key Recommendations": "The recommendations provided below address key findings of both the SWOT analysis of the USAID OVC Strategy for Uganda as well as the specific technical areas requested by the Mission. Recommendations were developed in a way to address both issues in a holistic and coordinated manner rather than\nseparately.\n\n1. Provide a common language, understanding and approach towards social service system strengthening and child protection amongst USAID and implementing partners that reflect global guidance and national laws, policies and tools.\na. Develop a standardized description of a social service systems strengthening approach based on 2012 PEPFAR OVC Guidance, inclusive of a standardized or agreed upon child protection training for all USAID funded OVC implementing partners.\nb. Encourage IP management participate in a brief management-level orientation on social services, system strengthening and child protection that would assist them to give appropriate support to staff, utilizing existing expertise within Makerere University, Africhild Research Centre and other technical experts.\nc. USAID should consider requiring IPs to use standardized national tools to ensure consistency in targeting methods and reporting across projects whilst also providing venues to leverage IP expertise through constructive engagement with government in an effort to enhance\nnational tools.\n\n2. Actively promote further discussion and IP engagement with government around the issue of graduation.\na. USAID and the Government of Uganda may want to consider convening a technical working group to think through the complex set of issues involved. This could include defining graduation in its different contexts, how to measure it, and what level of resiliency can be\nanticipated over what period of time.\nb. Graduation strategies should be part and parcel of IP sustainability plans.\nc. Convene a multi-sectoral technical working group on graduation with the objective to clarify definitions and updated guidelines and tools based on IP experience in Uganda and elsewhere.\nd. To facilitate graduation, ensure robust household economic strengthening is included in mechanisms to support vulnerable children and households.\n\n3. Identify, better understand and promote effective models of case management and referral mechanisms amongst implementing partners, other service providers and government as well as amongst social welfare and health/HIV sectors.a. Conduct operations research to identify the best referral models/forms, document and scale, including the Bantwana case management model.\nb. Support the development and roll out of agreed upon and evidence-based standard operating procedures for case management.\nc. Encourage IPs to use existing tools (e.g., MEASURE and QI) to assess, monitor and improve referral networks.\nd. Define the business processes for case management prior to adopting an electronic case management system or adapting the OVC MIS. There may be lessons learned from Child Helpline.\n\n4. A growing evidence base illustrates the linkages between HIV affected and infected children and increased vulnerability to child protection risks as well as the increased risk of HIV faced by child survivors of child protection violations. USAID Uganda is in a unique position to strengthen and facilitate improved coordination between OVC and social welfare system strengthening efforts and care and treatment partners and promote synergies between child protection and HIV programming, wherever possible.\na. Ensure facility-based counselors/social workers have linkages with community-based service providers.\nb. Leverage existing PLHIV support groups, expert clients, VHTs and para social workers to encourage parents/caregiver to access HCT and ART for children.\nc. Add a module into the child protection and para social worker trainings to ensure Community Development Officers (CDOs) and para social workers have basic knowledge in PEP, ART adherence, disclosure, stigma, available resources and identification of children at risk of HIV and HIV+ children.\nd. Encourage care and treatment partners to include a social work position within health facilities and/or to actively link with para social workers, CDOs and PWOs to foster cross referral of potential child protection cases identified in HIV/health clinics and/or HIV cases\nidentified by child protection sector. This can and should include the development of a training module for doctors, nurses and other health facility staff to recognize signs of abuseor neglect in children.\ne. Support care and treatment providers to develop and implement child safeguarding policies as is expected by OVC partners. \n\n5. Increase access to HIV testing, treatment and care especially amongst children and adolescents. \na. Encourage care and treatment partners to better understand the role that the care environment and neglect has on adherence amongst children and adolescents. For example, many children are living with extended family or elderly caregivers and because of stigma and/or neglect are not able to receive medical care and treatment. Many of these families are vulnerable and could be part of the social worker’s caseload thereby requiring improved coordination and communication between the social welfare and health sectors.\nb. Support child and adolescent friendly clinics and support groups.\nc. Support the recruitment and training of clinic-based staff with skills to work with children and adolescents.\nd. Leverage expert clients, para social workers, VHTs and other community-based structures to support adherence.\n\n6. Strengthen coordination mechanisms amongst USAID, Implementing Partners and the Government of Uganda.a. Using its convening power, USAID could create a collaboration and coordination platform leveraging the strengths of each mechanism to advance OVC objectives (as a complement tothe National OVC Steering Committee).\nb. Create opportunities for joint work planning across USAID OVC and USAID non-OVC mechanisms and the GOU.\nc. Continue to support DOVCCs and DOPs as an effective means of coordination at the district level.\n\n7. Aim to reduce the number of implementing partners focusing on those with the technical skills and foci identified in the PEPFAR Guidance for OVC Programming, with particular focus on those that have experience and expertise in system strengthening, household economic strengthening, child protection, workforce development and case management and referral systems. \na. Try to avoid funding small, OVC components as additions to larger non-OVC focused project and instead focus on funding of projects within projects that are led by organizations with experience and expertise that is relevant to OVC priority areas. \nb. Encourage implementing partners to engage with and seek information from globally recognized entities with technical expertise e.g., Global Social Service Workforce Alliance, RIATT, etc.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00SRXQ.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Processing & Manufacturing", + "Health Care", + "Business Services", + "Other" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "RECO Industries", + "CEM: Cardno Emerging Markets", + "JSI: John Snow International", + "FHI 360" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Reputation and Credible Convening Power", + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Youth" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Education and Social Services", + "Health" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Multi-national Business", + "Formal Sector", + "Large Enterprise", + "American Business" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2015" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Mamadou Baro" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Burkina Faso" + ], + "Document ID": "1504-Baro-BFO", + "Document Title": "A \"Formative\" Evaluation of FASO and ViM Projects' Extension for Greater Alignment with USAID RISE Initiative Resilience Framework", + "Document Summary": "Applying the “resilience\" lens to new and existing programs, USAID/FFP plans to extend FASO and ViM programs to create the conditions for greater linkage and layering with the USAID RISE Initiative. In connection with this, the report provides overall assessment findings and recommendations on the relevance of activities to be extended and the effectiveness of program strategies. Finally, this “formative” evaluation report guides mechanisms better to align the extension phase to a USAID Resilience Framework. \n\nThe report highlights that the number of activities supported jointly by FASO and ViM has significantly contributed to greater community resilience. These include irrigated vegetable gardens, improved and adapted seeds, improvement of soil fertility through expansion of the Zaï system, post-harvest use of triple-lined airtight bags, concentration on crops with high returns to the producer, use of SILC credit systems, and Warrantage: putting part of the harvest in the community locked storage in return for a loan. As a result of FASO and ViM’s work, most household members now wash their hands with clean water and soap during critical moments such as before and after eating, after using latrines, before feeding and bathing the babies, and before cooking. Today in CLTS-targeted villages, the number of households with hygiene facilities at home is progressively increasing. The key recommendations that the report includes: i) A comprehensive approach is needed that combines risk reduction activities, early warning, and disaster response, and livelihood recovery, ii) The extension phase of the programs should focus on interventions that will contribute to the pursuit of good governance involving the building of both formal and informal institutions and relationships and implemented at the state, community and household levels, iii) FASO and ViM must intensify their efforts to increase the leadership role that women play in their professional lives and in their communities, iv) Extension activities should focus on reducing village and household vulnerability to natural shocks through increased community preparedness and improved organizational response capacity, v) Rice production in Burkina Faso should be revisited, as rice is now a highly valued crop in the project area, and vi) Integrate adult literacy training of male and female members in self-managed structures is one of the capacity strengthening activities upon which the program must put great emphasis.", + "Key Findings": "Overall, the team found the two programs to be effective and successful, with well-organized management systems. This is an especially noteworthy accomplishment given the extremely difficult working conditions in Burkina Faso over the last two to three years. There is, however, room for improvement in any program. There exist cross cutting themes that, if properly addressed, will make the extension of the programs more successful. Many of the evaluators’ observations had previously been made by program staff and discussed in several planning meetings and documents prior to this evaluation.", + "Key Recommendations": "1) In order to build resilient communities, a comprehensive approach is needed that combines risk reduction activities (infrastructure, appropriate seeds and tools, livestock protection activities, etc.), early warning and disaster response, and livelihood recovery. Take the time to build consensus: Develop dialogue and accountability mechanisms between key local actors, such as government, customary institutions, civil society associations, and the private sector.\n\n2) The extension phase of the programs should focus on interventions that will contribute to the pursuit of good governance, which needs to be a high priority strategy involving the building of both formal and informal institutions and relationships and implemented at the state, community and household levels. However, the community level is a particularly critical level at which to build resilience. The most vulnerable must be helped, in particular, by communities and institutions such as VDCs, PTAs, and WUAs.\n\n3) Although some cultural, social and economic constraints do remain, FASO and ViM must intensify their efforts to increase the leadership role that women play in their professional lives and in their communities.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00KZCS.pdf", + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth", + "Conflict" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Agriculture and Food Security" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2015" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "FHI 360" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Senegal" + ], + "Document ID": "1504-FHI-GLO", + "Document Title": "Guide to the Good Governance Barometer", + "Document Summary": "Governance matters at all levels. Health outcomes in a particular community depend on a solid ministry of health, a functioning local health committee, and a well-run local health clinic. Each one of these entities has a governance system specific to its context, and each one needs good governance to achieve its mission. At its core, the Guide to the Good Governance Barometer (GGB), presented in this document, is both a social accountability tool and a development planning tool. Through a participatory modeling and evaluation process, the GGB translates the complexities of a specific governance system into locally appropriate indicators and a clear distillation of that system’s strengths and weaknesses; that distillation is used to plan development priorities, measure their effectiveness, and advocate for governance improvement.\n\nThe GGB as a tool:\n• engages a multi-stakeholder group (including government, civil society, and the private sector) in modeling its governance system\n• measures governance performance in a participatory and systemic way\n• identifies the strengths and weaknesses of a governance system and develops action plans to improve it\n• establishes a baseline of governance performance at the start of a project, then evaluates the effectiveness of governance improvement interventions from the action plan after they are implemented\n• communicates governance performance to local stakeholders and advocates to local officials in ways that reflect the values and priorities of those stakeholders.\n\nGGB is a Senegal-specific iteration of the Local Governance Barometer, which was developed in 2006 through the joint efforts of multiple development actors: Pact, Idasa, SNV, and Impact Alliance. Since 2006, the tool has been implemented by several organizations in more than ten countries across the globe. The GGB adaptation was developed in 2010 for the USAID Peace and Governance Program (PGP) in Senegal, implemented by FHI 360. The GGB is a participatory, process-oriented tool for development planning and social accountability. Its use of data is crucial for the process, as it provides for better-informed community decision-making and an easily digestible breakdown of the governance system’s strengths and weaknesses. However, the GGB is not intended to provide precise measures or statistically significant results for inference and prediction. Statistical research of that nature requires the tight control of professional researchers and would be incompatible with the participatory and process-oriented nature of the GGB. In addition, the evolution of governance scores from baseline to end line should be interpreted not as a precise degree of change but as an indicator of the progression and its relative magnitude. The multi-party stakeholder group defines the reference values for each indicator. As their understanding of their governance system evolves, so too might their expectations for what constitutes an unacceptable and ideal level of governance. While the facilitators and subject matter experts are there to guide the stakeholders to the best possible decision, some level of subjectivity is inevitable, as the document highlights.\n", + "Key Findings": "Partner communities in Senegal chose a variety of focus subjects, or core questions, for the GGB. Examples include health sector governance, education sector governance, environmental management, land management, conflict management, and financial management. While quantitative scores are easy to digest, improvements in numbers cannot tell the full story of GGB impact in partner communities. Those numbers are tied to tangible improvements in governance, service delivery to citizens, and overall quality of life. Selected results follow.\n\nHEALTH\nIn the rural community of Sabodala, GGB analysis identified a dysfunctional health committee as a major weakness in health sector governance. The GGB action plan called for the revitalization of a functional and well-trained health committee with members appointed by consensus. This committee facilitated the opening of a new health center in the community with a dedicated bank account and two new nurses. The health committee appointed an independent treasurer in charge of revenue management. This newfound energy and transparency led to new opportunities for partnership and resources. Mining companies active in the area saw the health committee as a responsible partner and invested in the training and hiring of new midwives. They also donated medicines to the health center and agreed on a quarterly grant for the health sector in Sabodala. In the rural community of Thienaba, GGB analysis identified poor health center management as a major weakness. \n\nThe GGB action plan called for a complete overhaul of health center procedures. Purchasing and inventory practices were particularly problematic, with little regard for record keeping, budgeting or separation of duties. According to a local official, “People now have steady access to the medicines they need. Our health center managers now consult the health committee before making financial transactions, especially the treasurer. All invoices for purchases are on file and available for review. Our budgeting and record keeping practices are standard. Today, thanks to the support of PGP, our health clinic managers and health committees have new knowledge and management tools. I can say that they have better control of their roles and responsibilities. From my point of view, we’re making a lot of progress in the management of the health sector.”\n\nCONFLICT MANAGEMENT/NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT\nIn the rural community of Diende, competition over land and water resources is a major source of conflict. The GGB analysis identified poor or nonexistent resource management mechanisms as a major weakness. The GGB action plan called for the construction of a communal pastoral well dedicated to watering livestock, the clear demarcation of paths for livestock movement, and the creation of community dialogue commission for the resolution of conflict. Together these conflict management techniques have created the conditions necessary for successful conflict management and sustainable peace.\n", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://usaidlearninglab.org/sites/default/files/resource/files/good_governance_barometer_guide.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Other" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "FHI 360" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Ability to Influence Policy" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Democracy, Human Rights, & Governance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Formal Sector", + "Multi-national Business", + "American Business", + "Large Enterprise" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2015" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "International Business & Technical Consultants Inc. (IBTCI)" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Kenya" + ], + "Document ID": "1504-IBTCI-KEN", + "Document Title": "End-of-Project Evaluation Population Services International APHIAplus Health Communications and Marketing", + "Document Summary": "This report is the final performance evaluation (end-of-activity evaluation) report of the APHIAplus health communication and marketing (HCM) project undertaken on behalf of the United States Agency for International Development/Kenya, Office Health, Population and Nutrition (USAID/K/HPN). It establishes the extent to which the expected outcomes have been met and provides lessons learned and recommendations for future health communication and marketing activities. Evaluation findings highlight that HCM has succeeded in increasing access to and demand for high-quality health products and services, promoting the adoption of healthy behaviors and the maintenance of behaviors, establishing the capacity for the PPP to deliver health communication messaging, and capacity has increased at the central and county levels to promote SBCC initiatives and for MOH to monitor and oversee these initiatives. PSK has an empowered board and management comprising predominantly Kenyan members and the capacity to implement HCM activities, HCM has developed the foundation for synchronized SBCC activities and succeeded in creating excellent communication models for the health sector. \n", + "Key Findings": "Evidence of increased access to and demand for high-quality health products and services is based on data from the HCM monitoring and evaluation (M&E) plan that show that the number of SF increased from 213 in 2012 to a total of 473 in 2013 (122% increase). SF facilities are located in 39 of the 47 counties in Kenya, representing an 82% reach.\nFinally, it was also noted that demand increased from year-to-year in the number of individuals receiving services from SF facilities related to the four targeted health elements; HIV/AIDS (e.g. HIV Testing and Counseling met 150% of its target), family planning and reproductive health (met 78% of the target), malaria (met 81% of its target), and treatment of diarrhea in children under five (51% of the target).", + "Key Recommendations": "• Include an enabling environment component in future programs to assess the framework affecting the expansion of health insurance coverage and risk pooling, and advocate for changes;\n• Create stakeholder groups to develop a harmonized, acceptable accreditation framework for use in scaling-up the implementation of quality standards in SF facilities;\n• In order to accurately compute the required level of subsidy, reporting and forecasting should incorporate all costs related to the products including overheads, marketing and distribution costs;\n• Concentrate on expanding the franchised network presence to cover marginalized counties in Kenya;\n• Design indicators and establish targets to improve performance in equity, a key component of the sustainability model.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00KM19.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Health Care", + "Processing & Manufacturing", + "Financial Services", + "Telecommunications" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "K-MET", + "LVCT Health", + "Safaricom Ltd", + "Britam Insurance", + "Changamka Micro-Insurance Ltd." + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge", + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments", + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID", + "U.S. President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR)" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Health" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Local Business", + "Formal Sector", + "Micro, Small, or Medium Enterprise", + "Multi-national Business", + "Large Enterprise", + "Regional Business" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2015" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Olga Kaganova", + "Katerina Stolyarenko" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Ukraine" + ], + "Document ID": "1504-Kagan-UKR", + "Document Title": "Performance Evaluation of the Public-Private Partnership Development Program in Ukraine (P3DP)", + "Document Summary": "This report is the final performance evaluation of the Public-Private Partnership Development Program (P3DP) funded by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) Mission in Ukraine. This report presents key evaluation findings and recommendations on the relevance, effectiveness, and efficiency of P3DP’s work on two of P3DP’s four objectives: Objective 1 – creating a legal and regulatory framework conducive to PPPs; and Objective 4 – implementing pilot PPPs. USAID/Ukraine can use this report's findings, conclusions, and recommendations to re-assess its role in improving public sector governance, services, and civil society development in Ukraine and make changes when appropriate. The findings show that the project was very relevant in terms of using tools and approaches to address gender issues, delivering expected improvements of local infrastructure and/or services, and assisting in the preparation and launch of pilot PPPs with some gaps in the procurement process and inconsistency with reporting investment in other PPPs. The report argues that the overall improvements in policies, laws, and regulations were limited. Performance indicators used for Objective 1 activities were almost exclusively intermediate output indicators of a procedural nature that do not represent project outcomes or their significance. The P3DP’s assistance on various issues of preparing pilot PPPs, providing technical expertise for the preparation process, and capacity-building activities were perceived as the most useful sets of tools and approaches by process participants. Regulatory documents, methodologies, technical tools, and training courses and materials drafted or developed with P3DP’s assistance were perceived as sustainable and as the building blocks of new practices and behaviors. \n\n", + "Key Findings": "The analysis of project documents and interviews with 10 KIs showed that the project used three main ways to address gender issues during both the design and implementation of its activities: 1) included gender in annual work plans; 2) initiated the external assessment of the level of gender integration within P3DP activities; and 3) addressed about half of assessment recommendations in project activities. A full scope of actual effects of pilot PPPs had not materialized yet by the time of evaluation, given that only two pilot projects were launched and were on the early stages of implementation. The survey and KIIs revealed positive expectations associated with pilot PPPs and with municipal PPPs in general. For each expected pilot PPP that could have an effect on reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, P3DP ordered, during feasibility studies, a special technical study aimed at estimating an expected impact of a suggested technical solution (e.g. a new boiler in Malyn) on the emissions. P3DP’s assistance on preparation and launch of pilot PPPs is generally well appreciated by the participants, with a few technical caveats", + "Key Recommendations": "1. (Future programming). Taking into consideration the complexity of PPP projects, it is suggested for the implementing entity to consider including a position of a part-time local gender specialist.\n\n2. (Future programming). If another project that supports municipal PPPs is funded, its design and work plan must require much earlier launches of PPPs than happened at P3DP. In particular, the PPP pipeline should not be postponed to the last year.\n\n3. (Current project). Make a focused and urgent effort to radically simplify a PPP preparation and procurement process. \n\n4. (Current project). If the task under Recommendation 3 is implemented successfully, follow up by developing a package of model documents that would specify the concept of the\nsimplified process.\n\n5. (Future programming). If another project of supporting municipal PPPs is funded, it should consider diversifying further the regulatory and procedural approaches to PPPs, compared to “quick fixes” considered and developed within P3DP, under Recommendation 3 & 4.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00KQTZ.pdf", + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Ability to Influence Policy", + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships", + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Economic Growth", + "Democracy, Human Rights, & Governance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Europe and Eurasia" + ], + "Year": "2015" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Nikolai Mouraviev", + "Nada K. Kakabadse" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Kazakhstan", + "Ukraine", + "Russia", + "United Kingdom", + "China", + "India", + "Egypt", + "Lebanon", + "Malaysia" + ], + "Document ID": "1504-Moura-KAZ-pr", + "Document Title": "Legal and regulatory barriers to effective public-private partnership governance in Kazakhstan", + "Key Findings": "The identified barriers to effective PPP management include irregularities in the PPP legal\nframework, such as lack of legal definition of a PPP and controversy with the government guarantee’s legal status for its long-term payments to partnerships; bureaucratic tariff setting for partnership services; non-existent opportunity for private asset ownership; and excessive government regulation of PPP workers’ wage rates.\n", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPSM-09-2014-0116", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Engineering & Construction", + "Transportation and Warehousing" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "International Journal of Public Sector Management" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "Peer-reviewed article or other research report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Large Enterprise", + "Formal Sector", + "For-profit Commercial Entity" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Europe and Eurasia", + "Asia", + "Africa", + "Middle East" + ], + "Year": "2015" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Sustainable Conservation Approaches in Priority Ecosystems Program (SCAPES)" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Kenya", + "Tanzania", + "Botswana", + "Namibia", + "Zambia", + "Kazakhstan", + "Uzbekistan", + "Bolivia", + "Peru", + "Angola", + "Zimbabwe", + "China", + "Mongolia", + "Russia", + "Colombia", + "Ecuador", + "Mozambique", + "India", + "Nepal" + ], + "Document ID": "1504-SCAPE-MLT", + "Document Title": "Final Evaluation of the Sustainable Conservation Approaches in Priority Ecosystems Program (SCAPES)", + "Document Summary": "This final evaluation of the Sustainable Conservation Approaches in Priority Ecosystems (SCAPES) program assesses conservation strategies to address priority threats and strengthen local capacity to conserve biodiversity. The assessment examines SCAPES strategies based on four Key SCAPES Principles, gender considerations, and learning opportunities to identify enabling conditions and limiting factors that affected program activity outcomes. Overall program conclusions indicate the landscape sites were well chosen for their conservation value, often based on previous implementing partner experience. Although this report is not a traditional performance evaluation, a broad-brush review of the SCAPES landscapes indicates that a majority of the projects performed well in meeting the stated objectives and were successful in moving toward achieving stated conservation goals. A primary concern was the lack of progress in achieving financial sustainability. At the end of SCAPES, continuing conservation activities in these landscapes remain heavily dependent on donor funding. \n\nTwo main objectives organize this evaluation report, addressed through four evaluation questions. Objective 1: Assess how partners applied the SCAPES key principles and gender considerations in designing and implementing conservation strategies. Objective 2: Assess the outcomes of the most relevant strategies partners implemented compared to intended results and identify key enabling conditions and limiting factors that affected outcomes. Using the evidence collected from this evaluation, measuring impact-derived theories-of-change models could be compared across multiple projects to identify the main enabling conditions, barriers to achieving outcomes, and lessons learned in the SCAPES program. According to the Evaluation Scope of Work, “the Key Principles of the program and the specific conservation strategies implemented by the partners are found throughout USAID’s biodiversity portfolio and are commonly used by SCAPES implementing partners and the broader conservation community.” This evaluation is designed to assess “the use and effectiveness of the Key Principles and conservation strategies...to inform future management decisions of USAID, its implementing partners, and the conservation community.\" In addition to the two evaluation objectives, this report also includes an assessment of gender considerations in program design and implementation and the outcomes associated with a limiting factors analysis (LFA).", + "Key Findings": "The four key principles were already well integrated into the standard procedures of almost all major conservation-based implementing partners, but SCAPES annual meetings and other learning activities have helped develop and refine these concepts. The SCAPES program was designed during a period in USAID management when gender considerations did not have the prominence that they have today. Evaluators conducted and analyzed the fourth LFA carried out during SCAPES. Each theory of change identified common actions, intermediate results, threats, and biodiversity targets across SCAPES and provided a framework evaluators used to assess outcomes of seven major conservation strategies, such as land protection, law enforcement, and climate change.", + "Key Recommendations": "• Establish a reasonably sized landscape to support in light of threats and opportunities; the boundaries of the landscape (physical, governmental, biodiversity, ethnic) should be defined in the context of funding limitations.\n• Ascertain if a transboundary cooperation component is needed to effectively address certain threats.\n\n• Set a reasonable duration for USAID support. Despite typical USAID procurement limits of five years or less, several USAID programs have been authorized for longer periods, such as 20 years for both Integrated Conservation of the Andean Amazon and the Central Africa Regional Program for the Environment in with five-year phases.\n\n• Prioritize a limited number of problems to address in the context of the comparative advantages of USAID and its implementing partners.\n\n• Carefully discuss how best to partner with other non–USAID-funded organizations working in the landscape and reduce duplicate multiple-donor reporting requirements.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00KHGW.pdf", + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Conflict" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Environment/Climate Change" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa", + "Asia", + "Latin America and the Carribean" + ], + "Year": "2015" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Charles Uphaus", + "Matthew McMahon", + "Francesca Nelson", + "Dely Pascual Gapasin", + "Kifle Negash" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Bangladesh", + "Tajikistan", + "Cambodia", + "Nepal", + "Ethiopia", + "Uganda", + "Mozambique", + "Kenya", + "Ghana" + ], + "Document ID": "1504-Uphau-MLT", + "Document Title": "An Evaluation of the Rural Advisory Services Program (RASP) and Related Activities Under Feed the Future", + "Key Findings": "Feed the Future is making progress relative to its goals, which means that, ipso facto, extension messages are being communicated and applied, even though Missions may not be focusing explicitly on extension and advisory services. Innovative work, by grantees and private sector contractors in collaboration with farmers’ groups, buyers, input supply dealers, research agencies, and ICT suppliers, is taking place.", + "Key Recommendations": "This report provides the concepts and recommendations in the identified key strategic areas of the conceptual framework (CF) for increased and effective PSE in the Rwandan health sector to help sustain and build on current achievements, especially at the primary and secondary care levels. The objective of this report is threefold: i) It conducts a landscape analysis of the private sector space and actors as it relates to the sustenance and further development of the health sector; ii) Identifies key opportunities, what works, gaps, challenges, and barriers in the strategic areas that exist for PSE in the Rwandan health sector; and iii) Recommends which strategic areas/subsectors show the most promise for public-private collaboration to achieve complementary public-private objectives. In developing an approach, the report looks at five strategic areas (SAs) and the critical components for creating an overall environment (including political and institutional) for promoting and sustaining PSE in the health sector: Leadership and Advocacy; Policy and Planning; Investment and Access to Finance; Corporate Social Responsibility; and Health Sub-sectors, comprised of Service Delivery, Health Financing, Human Resources for Health, Medical Products, Equipment, and Technology, Health Information Systems, Health Promotion and Prevention, and Learning and Knowledge Management. \n\nWhile assessing the result areas, it used two results lenses to assess, analyze, and formulate recommendations toward an increased and sustained PSE in the Rwandan health sector: i) Enhancement, expansion, and improvement through efficiency gain (EG) and ii) Domestic resource generation/financing and effective mobilization (RG). The report recommends fostering an enabling environment that promotes the growth of PSE in health over the longer term - while facilitating, developing, and implementing targeted “quick wins/rapid results initiatives” and broader PPPs that will help sustain and build further on the current gains, especially at the primary and secondary levels of the health system. ", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.agrilinks.org/sites/default/files/resource/files/Evaluation%20of%20RASP%20and%20Related%20FTF%20Activities%20-%20FINAL%20REPORT.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, and Hunting", + "Processing & Manufacturing", + "Technology" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth", + "Conflict" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Agriculture and Food Security" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Local Business" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa", + "Asia" + ], + "Year": "2015" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "N Willoughby", + "B Wiryawan", + "M Nuh" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Indonesia" + ], + "Document ID": "1504-Willo-IDN", + "Document Title": "Final Performance Evaluation of the Marine Resources Program: Enhancing Management Capacity", + "Document Summary": "This evaluation report provides assessment findings toward achieving the objectives and goals of the United States Agency for International Development (USAID)/Indonesia 2010-2015 Marine Resources Program (MRP). This evaluation is based on three essential methods of literature review, site visits, and key informant interviews (KIIs) combined with follow-up interviews to review contradictory statements. This evaluation and corresponding recommendations are intended to inform the USAID/Indonesia Environment Office and Asia Bureau and MRP implementing partners, including Government of Indonesia (GOI) counterparts, NGOs, and private sector partners. The report highlights that \"restoring ecosystem health and strengthening the management capacity of the MMAF leads to more resilient fisheries and coastal communities, improved livelihoods, enhanced adaptations to climate change, and reduce threats to food security, economic security, and regional stability. Therefore, the best investment that USAID can make to address marine resource problems in Indonesia is to help strengthen the MMAF to achieve coastal ecosystem protection, sustainable fisheries management, and coastal community preparedness for climate change impacts. ", + "Key Findings": "How has the last five years of investment in the MRP \"moved the dial\" on attitudes toward and abilities for achieving sustainability in fisheries management? \nMMAF’s draft RENSTRA marks a significant shift in the Ministry’s commitment for and approach to sustainable capture fisheries, as compared to earlier strategies. MMAF requested technical assistance from IMACS to provide technical advice on RENSTRA recommendations to promote sustainable capture fisheries and aquaculture. To this end, IMACS developed an Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated (IUU) Fishing dashboard to estimate economic loss from illegal fishing practices. The dashboard development marks an effective partnership between IMACS and the MMAF to ensure the sustainability of Indonesia’s fisheries. IMACS also supported the MMAF’s efforts to develop a long-term strategic view for capture fisheries and aquaculture, beyond the RENSTRA’s 5-year timespan.\nA second example is the implementation of a Fisheries Management Plan (FMP) for Fisheries Management Area (Wilayah Pengelolaan Perikanan, WPP) 718 in the Arafura Sea. The FMP illustrates the GOI’s commitment to sustainable capture fisheries, achieved through an Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries Management (EAFM). The MRP was a crucial resource during the development of the WPP 718 FMP and provided best-practice models for key MMAF staff.\n\nWhat can we learn about building the national government’s capacity to provide technical training by comparing the different approaches implemented according to the MRP? \nA collaborative and integrative approach for training leads to more effective program implementation, compared with a consultative training approach. Although the MRP included capacity building activities at the national and regional levels and covered a wide range of topics for diverse target audiences, the internalization of training content within the MMAF remains incomplete. Increased knowledge and enhanced skills, supported by an\nintegrated program, will deepen key capacities and should be a priority for future programming.\n\nA variety of approaches to capacity building were employed by MRP partners, and the MPAG approach was found to be the most successful. The MPAG prioritized local resources and empowering stakeholders, including experts hired by the key NGO consortium to assist the MMAF DG with regional and national MPAG implementation. IMACS’s deployment of distance consultancy support to compensate for a lack of national-level stakeholders was found to be ineffective. Furthermore, at the regional level, staff lacked sufficient authority as decision-makers and, therefore, functioned primarily as officers. The NOAA-IAA’s lack of provisions to hire local experts challenged their capacity to facilitate project activities. \n\nHow have the last five years of investment in the MRP strengthened the enabling institutional conditions needed to implement an effective national system of MPAs? \nMRP investment in strengthening an effective national system of MPAs has been perceived as a valuable contribution by MMAF. The MPAG supported the establishment of eight MPAs covering nearly five million hectares. 16 out of 20 million hectares throughout Indonesia have s been established as MPAs. Furthermore, MMAF acknowledged Technical Guidelines for Evaluating the Management Effectiveness of Aquatic, Coastal, and Small Island Conservation Areas (Evaluasi Efektifitas Pengelolaan Kawasan Konservasi Pesisir dan\nPulau-pulau Kecil, E-KKP3K) and seven guidebooks and decision support systems (DSS), prepared as part of the MRP. Finally, six MPAs were evaluated using the E-KKP3K tool.\n\nThe existence of an E-KKP3K tool provides a strong foundation to evaluate and improve MPA management and development in the future. The new decree issued with MRP support on standard competences (SK3) has set a new standard/benchmark for MPA managers in enabling MMAF institution to better manage MPA development. However, the effectiveness of executing this competency standard will depend on the supporting institutional working mechanism within the relevant national and local authorities. Although the MRP has supported the development of eight MPAs, the framework for a sustainable financing mechanism to support the MPA’s future development still needs to be institutionalized at the national and local levels with potential support from outside funding.\n\nWhat can we learn about the status and trends of MPA Management Effectiveness in Indonesia from the work of MRP?\nOut of the eight major MPAs supported by the MPAG program, only Nusa Penida has produced quantitative data to show program implementation achievements and outcomes. Elsewhere, monitoring data is limited. An assessment of the impact of the MPAG initiative on biodiversity in Nusa Penida MPA, of which MPAG was the primary funding source during the period in question, reveals an increase in coral cover and fish abundance in the MPA (see page 38).\n\nThe use of the E-KKP3K assessment tool to assess MPA management effectiveness has been a valuable process. More than 20 sites were assessed during Year 1, in order to establish a baseline and track improvements through to Year 3. The assessment shows significant improvements in the conservation areas’ management status across the main 8 MPAs supported by the MPAG program. The most significant achievement was noted in the Aquatic National Park, Savu Sea, where management status improved from level of Yellow to Green and, finally, Blue between the years 2012 and 2014. In total, MPAs supported by the MPAG initiatives account for nearly five million hectares, or more than\none third of the total MPA area.\n\nGiven the lessons learned through this analysis, key changes in the institutional arrangements for coastal management in Indonesia, and the current political climate, what opportunities and risks should USAID have in mind as we implement our next coastal-marine project?\nThe WPPs established by the MMAF are crucial for the sustainability of capture fisheries. The FMP established for WPP 718 in the Arafura Sea, for which the MRP has provided critical assistance, is a pioneer case study for the future of the EAFM in Indonesia. The development and approach process for the WPP 718 FMP informed the development of\nthe other ten FMPs. These were submitted to the MMAF for enactments in July 2015.", + "Key Recommendations": "KEY RECOMMENDATIONS\nHow have the last 5 years of investment in the MRP \"moved the dial\" on attitudes toward and abilities for achieving sustainability in fisheries management?\nThe MMAF has recognized the importance of IMACS’s support to facilitate and enrich its new strategic direction. IMACS’s support for the development of the RENSTRA marks an important step towards ensuring sustainable fisheries management. However, future\nmarine programs should also utilize the RENSTRA as a point of reference for program development. Therefore, a joint or integrated work plan between the USAID and MMAF should be taken into account.\n2. USAID is advised to build upon initial investments to assist the MMAF with the Arafura WPP 718 FMP by providing further support for refinement and implementation, including more effective management of fisheries efforts, illegal fishing abatement, stakeholder socialization, the development of individual stock management plans for constituent\nfisheries, and the development of additional FMPs. All such activities should be implemented in concurrence with WPP FMP execution.\nSOW QUESTION 1. THEME 2. What can we learn about building the national\ngovernment’s capacity to provide technical trainings by comparing the different\napproaches implemented in the MRP?\n1. The development of an integrated strategy with key partners in the early stage of program\nimplementation will improve effectiveness and avoid confusion within an institution where\ndifferent mechanisms operate simultaneously for capacity building. The strategy should\nidentify the respective roles of each partner and establish a system for collaboration.\n2. Out of several approaches to capacity building, the MPAG approach was the most\nappreciated by both MMAF and DKP staff, and should be taken as a model for future\ninterventions. Though lacking a fully integrated approach, IMACS’s work on the\ndevelopment of the Indonesia Climate Adaptation Tool for Coastal Habitats (I-CATCH),\nIndonesia Fisheries Information System (I-Fish), FMPs, WPPs, and the draft RENSTRA\nwere deemed to be valuable contributions. A future MRP should prioritize program\nintegration beginning in the early planning stages, in order to ensure consistency and avoid\nconfusion between partners.\n3. Provisions must be made for flexibility and adjustments to planned activities and program\nimplementation, due to changing political dynamics and bureaucracy. This will help to\nensure the achievement of program objectives.\n1. SOW QUESTION 2. THEME 3. How have the last 5 years of investment in\nMRP strengthened the enabling institutional conditions needed to\nimplement an effective national system of MPAs? In order to achieve the total\ntarget expansion of MPAs to 20 million hectares by 2020, USAID should continue to\nwork together with the MMAF. MPA manager capacity building will constitute one of\nthe strategic investments for USAID.\n2. The MPAG’s collaborative approach in working with the MMAF and other NGO\npartners to identify and support the MMAF’s fisheries sustainability and conservation\nagendas may be considered an example of best-practice for institutional partnerships.\nThis approach should be undertaken and further strengthened in future programs, as\noutlined in the RENSTRA 2015-2019.\n3. As of the close of this program in 2015, a total of eight MPAs have received MRP\nsupport, while an additional 16 have been identified as priorities for future projects. The\nprovision of USAID assistance to develop a framework for sustainable financing for\nfuture MPAs, institutionalized at the national and local levels, will help to ensure future\nMPA development.\nSOW QUESTION 2. THEME 4. What can we learn about the status and trends of\nMPA management effectiveness in Indonesia from the work of MRP?\n1. The next marine project should take into account institutional governance and\ncoordination schemes, as exhibited in the Multi-Stakeholder Forum for MPA\nManagement in Gili Matra (a national MPA) and Nusa Penida (a district MPA), in order\nto achieve successful program implementation.\n2. Future MPA-support projects should include appropriate monitoring and evaluation of\nbiophysical indicators to enable an understanding of project impacts.\n3. The USAID’s next program strategy should closely integrate fisheries management with\ncoastal biodiversity conservation efforts. This will provide favorable conditions for\nenabling fisheries management to create multiplier effects for coastal biodiversity and\nsustainable livelihoods.\nSOW QUESTIONS 3. THEME 5. Given the lessons learned through this analysis,\nkey changes in the institutional arrangements for coastal management in\nIndonesia, and the current political climate, what opportunities and risks should\nUSAID have in mind as we implement our next coastal-marine project?\n1. In relation to new local autonomy laws (UU No 23 of 2014, j/o UU 9/2015), the next\nUSAID marine project should consider the integration and knowledge transfer of coastal\nmanagement initiatives at the regency level to the Provincial Government. USAID\nshould support further support institutional arrangements in the Provincial Government\nto strengthen their role in coastal management development.\n2. The E-KKP3K assessment tool and the Seven Guide books on MPA management and\ndevelopment, produced by MMAF with assistance from MPAG, should be more widely\ndisseminated within MMAF, the Ministry of Forestry and Environment, and the regional\nlevel for the protection of coastal biodiversity. This will build up a sense of ownership\nfor the management of MPAs at the local level and help to ensure the sustainability of\ninitiatives.\n3. In regard to the small grants program for coastal communities, the next USAID project\nshould consider shifting away from supporting many individual pilots to a more focused\napproach that is better aligned with program priorities, monitored closely, and better\nsupported and sustained by being effectively embedded within a broader supportive\ninstitutional context.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00KXPG.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, and Hunting", + "Other" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "World Wildlife Fund (WWF)", + "The Nature Conservancy", + "Conservation International", + "Wildlife Conservation Society", + "Coral Triangle Center" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Environment/Climate Change" + ], + "Type of Document": "Impact Evaluation Report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Multi-national Business", + "Large Enterprise" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Asia" + ], + "Year": "2015" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "African Strategies for Health (ASH)" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Rwanda" + ], + "Document ID": "1505-ASH-RWA", + "Document Title": "Rwanda Health Private Sector Engagement (PSE) Assessment", + "Document Summary": "This report provides the concepts and recommendations in the identified key strategic areas of the conceptual framework (CF) for increased and effective PSE in the Rwandan health sector to help sustain and build on current achievements, especially at the primary and secondary care levels. The objective of this report is threefold: i) It conducts a landscape analysis of the private sector space and actors as it relates to the sustenance and further development of the health sector; ii) Identifies key opportunities, what works, gaps, challenges, and barriers in the strategic areas that exist for PSE in the Rwandan health sector; and iii) Recommends which strategic areas/subsectors show the most promise for public-private collaboration to achieve complementary public-private objectives. In developing an approach, the report looks at five strategic areas (SAs) and the critical components for creating an overall environment (including political and institutional) for promoting and sustaining PSE in the health sector: Leadership and Advocacy; Policy and Planning; Investment and Access to Finance; Corporate Social Responsibility; and Health Sub-sectors, comprised of Service Delivery, Health Financing, Human Resources for Health, Medical Products, Equipment, and Technology, Health Information Systems, Health Promotion and Prevention, and Learning and Knowledge Management. \n\nWhile assessing the result areas, it used two results lenses to assess, analyze, and formulate recommendations toward an increased and sustained PSE in the Rwandan health sector: i) Enhancement, expansion, and improvement through efficiency gain (EG) and ii) Domestic resource generation/financing and effective mobilization (RG). The report recommends fostering an enabling environment that promotes the growth of PSE in health over the longer term - while facilitating, developing, and implementing targeted “quick wins/rapid results initiatives” and broader PPPs that will help sustain and build further on the current gains, especially at the primary and secondary levels of the health system. ", + "Key Findings": "The analysis notes that There is strong leadership and political will at senior levels, which is a critical success factor for PSE. The level of understanding/support for PSE, however, varies within the GOR and there is a lack of systems and knowledge about how to engage the private sector, especially to develop PPPs. There is also a lack of effective coordination and clarity of roles and responsibilities between key stakeholders (MOH, RDB, RBC) that is limiting effective PSE. There is a lack of adequate capacity within the MOH, RDB, and RBC for effective PSE and PPP development and is limited dialogue and no formal platforms or systems for public and private engagement.", + "Key Recommendations": " Identify and support key health PSE leadership with critical “business” thinking and understanding at all levels\n Strengthen overall PPP and business development capacity at MOH and RBC\n Intensify public expression of support, advocacy, and communication from senior government decision-makers on the importance of increasing resource allocation for heightened and\nsustainable PSE interventions", + "Internet URL of Document": "http://www.africanstrategies4health.org/uploads/1/3/5/3/13538666/usaid-r_health_pse_assessment_public_report_final.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Health Care", + "Pharmaceuticals", + "Financial Services" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Efficiency and Effectiveness", + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge", + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships", + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Health" + ], + "Type of Document": "Landscape Analysis", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Local Business", + "Financial Institution, Investors, and Intermediaries" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2015" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "CARE International" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Australia" + ], + "Document ID": "1505-CARE-AUS", + "Document Title": "Private Sector Engagement in the Humanitarian Space: Emerging Lessons for CARE Australia", + "Key Findings": "PSE is not an end within itself and while it is an instrument that can be used in the promotion of humanitarian response, it should be sought in view of the value it presents and its capacity to be appropriately used. Engagements by the private sector should be undertaken in partnership with experienced humanitarian actors in order to conform to the humanitarian principles embodied in the Red Cross/Crescent and NGO Code of Conduct. Partnerships with private sector should seek to be long-term, so that both parties are able to develop a meaningful relationship and promote sustained engagement. The quality of engagements presents more value to humanitarian providers rather than the quantity. The bottom line for all private sector humanitarian agency engagement should always be supporting humanitarian outcomes. The partnership should not lead to the disruption of local markets, and should seek to assist in restoring them instead. The basis for engagement centres around the core business of both parties involved. There needs to be a tangible benefit for both sides for the partnership to grow and be successful. A considerable investment of resources is needed by partners to bring forth deep partnerships capable of achieving significant impact at scale. To build positive relationships between the business and NGOs, time should be scheduled, budgets allocated and programs established, all with a commitment to the partnership.", + "Key Recommendations": "This report suggests that the humanitarian sector, when creating private sector partnerships, should: \n1. Develop private sector \"good practice\" guidelines. \n2. Facilitate further strategic and operational dialogue between key stakeholders by developing innovation hubs and establishing regular meetings and forums between key humanitarian providers and leaders in business. \n\nCARE International (and CARE Australia in particular) should: \n1. Deepen current relationships in logistics. \n2. Build on established process for collaboration. \n3. Explore innovative partnership opportunities. ", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://themimu.info/sites/themimu.info/files/documents/Report_Private_Sector_Engagement_in_Emergencies_Jun2015.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Transportation and Warehousing", + "Hospitality/Tourism", + "Other" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Allianz Insurance", + "InterContinental Hotels Group", + "UPS", + "Kuehne and Nagel" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments", + "Reputation and Credible Convening Power", + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment", + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "CARE International" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Humanitarian Assistance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Year": "2015" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Darragh Conway", + "Thuy Phung", + "Paul Keenlyside", + "Lauren Stanley", + "Jeremy Broadhead", + "Charlie Parker", + "John Costenbader" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Thailand", + "Laos", + "Vietnam", + "Cambodia", + "Malaysia", + "Papua New Guinea" + ], + "Document ID": "1505-Conwa-MLT", + "Document Title": "Financing Emission Reductions in the Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use (AFOLU) Sector", + "Document Summary": "This report aims to assist AFOLU LEDS proponents with developing sustainable financing strategies for their projects and programs. Its overall objectives are to raise awareness, promote understanding of the different types of financing available for implementing national and sub-national LEDS in the AFOLU sector, and provide guidance on matching finance types to particular kinds of investments. It outlines the critical financing considerations in designing sustainably financed LEDS and discusses the relevance of different financial mechanisms and sources of financing to various types of LEDS investments. The report also outlines the associated prerequisites and criteria to access various financing sources.\n\nThe document argues that the finance landscape available for LEDS in the AFOLU sector is complex and diverse. While many LEDS proponents will be tempted to seek only familiar sources of financing, the benefits for those who seek to cast their net wider are likely to be considerable. Taking this path will not be without challenges. In the first place, LEDS proponents must familiarize themselves with the financial landscape relevant to their jurisdiction, sectors, and sub-sectors. They must establish connections with a broader range of actors and understand their interests and concerns. In many cases, they will need to take a risk by pursuing a strategy that has yet to be tested. The evidence documented in the report suggests that significant efforts will be necessary to acquire financing. The total amount of international public finance for LEDs in the AFOLU sector, as well as for climate change in general, is likely to fall short of expectations and will not be enough to fund the ambitious goals set by many developing countries. At the same time, the limited public funds that are available frequently go uninvested in due to a lack of investment-ready projects and concerns about financial management capacity and safeguards implementation.\n\nThe challenges inherent in financing LEDS mean that financial considerations must be at the heart of LEDS design. Proponents should not first design their LEDS and then seek financing but rather design strategies based on the kinds and amounts of financing available. Similarly, involving potential funders early on is critical to ensuring that strategies are appropriately designed and that funders become invested early on. In this sense, low-emission development and LEDS funding strategies must be considered two sides of the same coin.\n", + "Key Findings": "The evidence suggests that significant efforts will be necessary to acquire financing. The total amount of international public finance for LEDS in the AFOLU sector – as for climate change more generally – is likely to fall short of expectation, and will not be sufficient to fund the\nambitious goals set by many developing countries. At the same time, the limited public finances that are available often remain undisbursed due to the lack of investment-ready projects or questions over financial management capacities and safeguards implementation.", + "Key Recommendations": "The landscape of finance available for LEDS in the AFOLU sector is complex and diverse.\nWhile many LEDS proponents will be tempted to seek only familiar sources of financing, the\nbenefits for those who seek to cast their net wider are likely to be considerable. Taking this\npath will not be without challenges. In the first place, LEDS proponents will need to familiarize\nthemselves with the finance landscape relevant to their jurisdiction and the sectors and sub-\nsectors they operate within. They will need to establish connections with a broader range of\nactors and understand their interests and concerns. In many cases, they will need to take a\nrisk in pursuing a strategy that has yet to be tested.\n\nThe challenges inherent in financing LEDS mean that financing considerations must be at the\nheart of LEDS design. Proponents should not first design their LEDS and then seek financing,\nbut rather design strategies based around the kinds and amounts of finance available.\nSimilarly, involving potential funders at an early stage is crucial to ensuring that strategies are\nsuitably designed and also ensures that funders become invested at an early stage. In this\nsense, low-emission development strategies and LEDS funding strategies must be considered\nas two sides of the same coin, and integrated from the start.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00KWXQ.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, and Hunting", + "Food & Beverage", + "Financial Services" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "World Cocoa Foundation (WCF)", + "Tropical Forest Alliance (TFA)", + "Bradesco Bank", + "Althelia Climate Fund" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge", + "Risk-Mitigation and Flexible Authorities" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID", + "Winrock International (WI)", + "SNV", + "Climate Focus", + "The Center for People and Forests (RECOFTC)", + "Lowering Emissions in Asia's Forests (LEAF)" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Environment/Climate Change", + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Large Enterprise", + "Business Association or Cooperative", + "Formal Sector", + "Multi-national Business", + "Financial Institution, Investors, and Intermediaries", + "Regional Business" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Asia" + ], + "Year": "2015" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Paul Dargusch" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Papua New Guinea" + ], + "Document ID": "1505-Dargu-PNG", + "Document Title": "Scoping Study to Identify Emission Reduction Opportunities from the Private Sector in Papua New Guinea", + "Document Summary": "This report captures the options for greater private sector investment into low emissions development in the land-based sectors in Madang Province PNG and recommends a series of actions that should help USAID LEAF and its local partners better position themselves to leverage such private sector investment. This report reviews the REDD+ and low emissions land use policy and project initiatives in PNG and summarizes the key findings: (1) the draft Low Emissions Land Use Plan for Madang is a technically robust and effective proposal that would benefit from the further refinement of its funding strategy; (2) some public sector funding opportunities may exist for LEAF’s low emissions land use planning work through the Green Climate Fund (shortly available), the Global Environment Facility, and the World Bank; and (3) the April SalumeiREDD+ pilot project provides an exciting example of how the Verified Carbon Standard might be used to capture private sector investment in low emissions land use initiatives in Madang. It appears that the private sector in PNG is potentially interested in investment in low-carbon land use initiatives but is presently poorly informed, cautious, skeptical, and unlikely to voluntarily contribute funds in the short-term other than small-scale project-specific-based funding.\n", + "Key Findings": "Based on the interviews conducted for this report, the PNG private sector’s view on investing in low emissions land use initiatives in PNG can be characterised as: (1) ‘open for discussion’ but new to the topic and not well informed, yet keen to learn more; (2) ‘broadly aware’ that investment in ‘green’ initiatives could benefit their corporate legitimacy and social responsibility obligations; and (3) ‘cautiously interested’ to contribute funds, but have major concerns that funding may be misappropriated (through corruption), particularly if PNG government entities are involved.\n\nIn summary, it appears that the private sector in PNG is potentially interested in investment in low carbon land use initiatives, but is presently poorly informed, cautious and skeptical and unlikely to voluntarily contribute any funds in the short-term (within the next 12 months), other than perhaps small-scale (e.g. US$25,000 to US$50,000) project specific-based funding.", + "Key Recommendations": "The author recommends LEAF take the following two distinct short-term actions to pursue private sector funding opportunities (assuming no major advancements occur with REDD+ policy internationally or domestically).\n\nFirst, LEAF should forge a strong working relationship with the Ramu Development Fund (RDF; a fund recently established by the Madang Provincial Government that collects mandatory contributions from private sector business developers in the Province) to encourage and facilitate the RDF to include low emissions land use issues in its funding purview and possible submit to the RDF a proposal for the RDF to fund some of LEAF’s work in Madang.\n\nSecond, LEAF should forge a strong working relationship with the Port Moresby Chamber of Commerce.`", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00KX89.pdf", + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Agriculture and Food Security", + "Environment/Climate Change" + ], + "Type of Document": "Landscape Analysis", + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Asia" + ], + "Year": "2015" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Kurt Hoffman", + "Ian Gray" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "1505-GRAY-GLO", + "Document Title": "Finance Case Study", + "Key Findings": "Through nearly 40 interviews, reviews of data from the other studies and secondary data analysis, we have been able to piece together a sense of what is happening regarding financing\nof humanitarian innovation. The key finding is that the humanitarian system has made a start in funding innovation, but that it is still a long way from where it needs to be. Our research leads us to estimate that, although growing, funding for humanitarian innovation is low. We estimate that innovation funding by OECD DAC members is around US$37.5 million per year, the\nequivalent of 0.27% of their humanitarian response funding in 2013. This percentage would be\nexceptionally low in an industry that had little material consequence, such as paper milling. In an industry seeking to save and support millions of lives and livelihoods in the face of disaster, it is not exceptionally low; it is breathtakingly low.", + "Key Recommendations": "Institutional Donors\n1) Structure the market: For both the wider humanitarian sector and the\ninnovation ecosystem that is reliant on its functioning, there is a clear need for\nhumanitarian donors to think differently about how they are incentivising the\nmarket. Porter in his work on competitive strategy uses a model called structure, conduct and performance. 30 Donors have significant influence over the structure the humanitarian sector (by who they fund, how they fund, the\nrequirements they set, the output and impact they stipulate etc.), which in turn drives conduct in the industry. This conduct ultimately dictates the\nperformance of the humanitarian actors in the system. The challenges outlined above show some of the areas where proactive donor action to structure the market and incentivise the innovation ecosystem could drive changes in conduct and performance of humanitarian agencies.\n2) Increase funding: Innovation funding is less than 0.27% of total humanitarian\nfunding. This is insufficient by any industry standard. Disaster affected\ncommunities deserve better solutions to the hazards they face. Therefore it is\nincumbent upon all involved in humanitarian action that better solutions are invested in. We would recommend a target of 1.5% of humanitarian response funding being allocated to supporting humanitarian innovation.\n3) Facilitate new entrants: By structuring the market, changing some of the eligibility rules, investing in incubators and accelerators and committing to forward purchasing and revising procurement guidelines, donors can create an\nenabling environment for new entrants, large and small alike to bring new\ninnovations into the sector.\n4) Significant steps have been taken to introduce innovation funding. However,\nmore nuanced behaviour must follow; of being investors and not customers.\nFunding innovation is an investment in potential future impact, not in impact\nwhose value is already known. Understanding investment decision-making criteria across industries would help this.\n5) Provide more financing phases: More phases of funding are needed in order to enable the scaling up and scaling out of innovations through taking a more incremental approach to reducing risk.\n6) Invest in the development of M&E frameworks, evidence building, risk and\nportfolio management for both yourselves and implementers.\n7) Invest in enabling innovations for impact and enabling infrastructure for\ninnovation\n8) Reconsider planned reductions in flexible funding frameworks: Donors should reconsider the trend of moving away from flexible/core funding framework agreements with implementing agencies. Their long term and fungible nature enables good agencies to use it for sustained innovation journeys.\nPrivate Sector and Foundations\n1) Think beyond single partnerships to ecosystem building: Invest in bilateral\npartnerships if you want to support limited scale, i.e. solutions that a single\nagency will implement. Invest in joint ventures and multi-stakeholder\npartnerships if you are seeking large-scale transformations.\n3) Consider the need for accountability and transparency for your investment:\nWhenever possible be open about your investments into humanitarian work, as\nthis enables more coherency and better coordination of resources for the\nbenefit of disaster affected communities.\n4) Stick to what you know: bring your core competencies and invest in innovation in-line with them.\n5) Continue to invest and engage in humanitarian innovation. The value you are creating is appreciated by those within the sector.\n6) Work with humanitarian actors with experience to contextualise your rich\ninnovation knowledge to the peculiarities of humanitarian action.\nThe Three Pillars: UN, NGOs and Red Cross Movement\n1) Invest your innovation money in line with your strategy and core competencies.\n2) Collaborate more: seek to work on joint problems with other humanitarian\nactors and private sector to ensure greater chances of success.\n3) Look to increasing your absorption and scaling capabilities: your role is not just to develop new innovations, but also to absorb and implement innovations that are invented in your peer agencies. By opening up to each other’s innovations you will be able to take innovations to scale and have a greater impact on disaster affected communities lives.\n4) Look at joint ventures and acquisitions and investing in external innovations: Look to not only collaborate with peers, but build joint ventures and even acquire small start-ups; both private and third sector ones. Open up your innovation funds to smaller more nimble partners.\n5) Ask the hard questions. Go beyond investing in incremental innovations and seek to be disruptive, even if it means risking your organisations existence in its current form.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/57a0896ce5274a27b2000097/Finance_Case-study-MIHIS-project-FINAL.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Financial Services" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Centre for Research in Innovation Management (CENTRIM)" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Ability to Influence Policy", + "Flexibility and Pace" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments", + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;", + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "UKAID" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Humanitarian Assistance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Financial Institution, Investors, and Intermediaries" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2015" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Kristina Teicke", + "Wade Hoxtell" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "1505-HOXTE-GLO", + "Document Title": "Business Engagement in Humanitarian Response and Disaster Risk Management", + "Key Findings": "From these analyses, a few things are clear. First, corporate engagement in these areas will not only continue – it is also likely to grow in both numbers and diversity. Second, of the implementing partners we analyzed, all of them either have developed or are currently developing strategies for engagement with companies.", + "Key Recommendations": "1. Address the “blind spot” of commercial engagement in\nhumanitarian response and disaster risk management activities\n2. Conduct a risk-benefit analysis of different types of corporate\nengagement in humanitarian response, disaster risk management\nand civil protection\n3. Develop DG ECHO’s normative stance on corporate engagement\nin humanitarian response, disaster risk management and civil\nprotection\n4. Open up dialogue with other donors such as the US, the UK and\nTurkey regarding their engagements with the private sector \n5. Contribute to shaping the discussion on corporate engagement\nin humanitarian response, disaster risk management and civil\nprotection", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.preventionweb.net/publication/business-engagement-humanitarian-response-and-disaster-risk-management", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Other" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Inspire Consortium" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Efficiency and Effectiveness", + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Advancing Learning and Market Research;", + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Global Public Policy Institute" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Humanitarian Assistance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Landscape Analysis", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "For-profit Commercial Entity", + "Informal Sector" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2015" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Abelardo Rodriguez", + "Jeffrey Engels", + "Noreen Mucha", + "Chiku Malunga" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Malawi" + ], + "Document ID": "1505-Rodri-MWI", + "Document Title": "The Feed the Future Integrating Nutrition in Value Chains Project Performance Evaluation ", + "Document Summary": "This report assesses the Feed the Future Integrating Nutrition in Value Chains (INVC’s) project performance regarding four primary activity components: value chain competitiveness, agricultural productivity, nutrition, and local capacity development (LCD). It assembles key lessons from INVC implementation of the four activity components for future agriculture-nutrition projects. It helps inform future agriculture, nutrition, and LCD activity design for USAID/Malawi and other stakeholders. The report covers the key findings, conclusions, and recommendations for each of the evaluation questions covering the Technology Adoption (Q5), Productivity (Q4), Collective Marketing (Q3), Local Capacity Development (Q6), Nutrition (Q2), Integration (Q1). The report highlights that the INVC project has introduced technologies and practices related to land preparation, crop management, harvest and post-harvest practices, and storage and marketing for groundnuts and soybeans, which resulted in a significant increase in technology adoption, production, and productivity. Similarly, the report shows that the project was highly successful in bringing sustainable changes in the nutritional status of women and children, local capacity building, and integrating nutrition into the agriculture value chain. The project introduced gender assessment tools and practices to sharpen its focus on gender equality and women’s empowerment in nutrition and agriculture programming. ", + "Key Findings": "INVC has introduced technologies and practices related to land preparation, crop management, harvest and post-harvest practices, and storage and marketing for groundnuts and soybeans. INVC did not report yield data in fiscal year (FY) 2013, but in FY2014 it reported groundnut yields of 0.87 metric tons/ha (MT/ha) and soybean yields of 0.67 MT/ha— 7 percent and 11 percent below their respective baseline levels of 0.93 MT/ha and 0.75 MT/ha.\n\nThe Consortium has supported collective marketing options for farmers predominantly through ACE, giving them leverage in negotiating for their crops by providing them with market intelligence. The INVC BCC Strategy on Nutrition and Agriculture Value Chains in Malawi is implemented through Farmers Clubs and the Community Care Group (CCG) Model. INVC has implemented an LCD component to help its partners better implement the project and prepare to become direct USAID awardees.", + "Key Recommendations": "Assess legume cultivation in the ZOI. USAID should follow up on the ongoing University of North Carolina impact evaluation of INVC to assess groundnut and soybean cultivation in the ZOI. Farmers who did not grow these crops prior to INVC should be surveyed to assess their ongoing cultivation to determine if\nthey grew these crops only during INVC implementation or if they permanently adopted them in their portfolio.\n\nTap the potential of women. The Consortium and sub-partners should emphasize reaching out to women farmers as innovators and early adopters.\n\nContinue to distribute high-quality seeds. NASFAM\nand CADECOM should continue to distribute high-quality groundnut and soybean seeds as an incentive to introduce farmers to improved varieties. Distribution should continue each season throughout the life of the project.\n\nContinue intercropping training. AFOs should continue to train farmers in the benefits of intercropping. This training should make clear that it is acceptable to mix crops and that pigeon peas will not compete with the primary crop (i.e., groundnuts or soybeans). For farmers who have already learned about\nintercropping, reinforcement training should be conducted so any misunderstandings, such as crops conflicting with each other, are clarified.\n\nNew approaches to pest/weed management. Because so many farmers interviewed cannot afford to purchase pesticides and herbicides, emphasis should be placed elsewhere regarding pest/weed management.\n", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00KJBK.pdf", + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Feed the Future" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Agriculture and Food Security" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2015" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Carlos Rodriguez", + "Emma Yep", + "Eduardo Prochazka" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Peru" + ], + "Document ID": "1505-Rodri-PER", + "Document Title": "Final Performance Evaluation of the Peru Quality Basic Education Reform Support Program", + "Document Summary": "This document is a final performance evaluation of the PERU Quality Basic Education Reform Support Program (SUMA), produced at the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) request. It was prepared with the participation of Carlos Rodríguez, Emma Yep, and Eduardo Prochazka, consultants from Partners for Global Research and Development LLC (PGRD). This evaluation report analyzes the extent to which the PERU Quality Basic Education Reform Support (SUMA) program achieved its expected results and identifies key factors, lessons learned, and recommendations from the program’s implementation. In addition, the report seeks to identify the elements (internal and external) that affected (positively and negatively) the achievement of expected results and to document practical lessons learned and knowledge that can be derived from this experience and applied in the design of new initiatives in the framework of USAID’s cooperation strategy. \n\nThe report shows that SUMA supported decentralization reform processes without inserting new priorities in the sector agenda while responding to the demands of Ministerio de Educación /Ministry of Education (MINEDU) and other strategic partners. SUMA carried out a pedagogical model with a package of methodological tools (classroom/school/community) appropriate for rural multi-grade schools, contributing to the quality and equitable education policy. At the district area level, SUMA developed a local governance model that put into practice what education policy proposed in terms of a decentralized management model oriented towards the achievement of learning. ", + "Key Findings": "SUMA supported decentralization reform processes without inserting new priorities in the sector agenda while responding to the demands of MINEDU and other strategic partners. It also sought to align itself with changes in the education sector’s political and institutional context, which required programmatic changes that could not keep pace with the changes in the context. However, the program design did not account for the opportunities and threats posed by the implementation context, nor did it have the capacity to manage these risks as they arose. SUMA also carried out a pedagogical model with a package of methodological tools (classroom / school / community) appropriate for rural multi-grade schools, which contributed to the policy of quality and equitable education. Lastly, at the district area level, SUMA developed a local governance model that put into practice what education policy proposed in terms of a decentralized management model oriented towards the achievement of learning.", + "Key Recommendations": " During the strategic planning for a policy and regulatory reform intervention, identify and plan to monitor all critical assumptions and risks; for implementation, identify a flexible management\napproach that allows regular adaptations to an evolving environment.\n Improve monitoring of the intervention, defining hierarchical and articulated results, and designing indicators to measure processes, outputs and outcomes.\n Ensure that the project timeframe is sufficient to allow for the completion of the different project phases, budgeting time for adjustments as reasonable.\n Include a gender focus on interventions that seek to improve learning, given the differences measured between boys and girls in the results of the national learning achievement test.\n Link primary education with pre-primary education based on the evidence that early childhood stimulation contributes to reading and writing during the initial years of primary school.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00M9X6.pdf", + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Youth", + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Education and Social Services" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Latin America and the Carribean" + ], + "Year": "2015" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Yasemin Saltuk", + "Ali El Idrissi", + "Amit Bouri", + "Abhilash Mudaliar", + "Hannah Schiff" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "1505-Saltu-GLO", + "Document Title": "Eyes on the Horizon: The Impact Investor Survey", + "Document Summary": "This report presents the findings of the fifth annual impact investor survey conducted by The Global Impact Investing Network (GIIN) and J.P. Morgan. This report has maintained core questions on investor activity and perspectives and included additional specific topics such as loss protection, technical assistance, impact management and measurement, and exits. Throughout the report, it has complemented the survey questions with some of the study’s desk research presented in the “Zooming In” sections. \n\nThis survey captures data and market perspectives from 146 impact investors. The study focused on investing organizations, from foundations to financial institutions, and did not include individual investors. To ensure that survey participants have a meaningful experience in making and managing impact investments, this document has set a criterion for participation such that only respondents that either contain USD 10mm or more in impact assets and have committed capital to at least five different impact transactions are included. The Global Impact Investing Network (GIIN) collected and collated the data, making the data set anonymous before sending it to J.P. Morgan for analysis.", + "Key Findings": "The sample size this year is 146, a 17% increase from last year. In terms of investment activity and allocations and as Table 3 shows, the group reports having committed USD 10.6bn in 2014 and intends to invest 16% more – USD 12.2bn – in 2015. The region to which the highest number of respondents plan to increase their allocations is SSA (29 respondents), followed by ESE Asia (28 respondents) and LAC (27 respondents).\n\nIn terms of market development and pipeline, respondents indicated progress across the board on several key indicators of market growth, including: collaboration among investors, availability of investment opportunities, usage of impact measurement standards, and number of intermediaries with significant track record. Survey participants reported that their portfolios are performing mostly in line with both their impact expectations and financial return expectations (Figure 8).", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://thegiin.org/assets/documents/pub/2015.04%20Eyes%20on%20the%20Horizon.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Financial Services" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment", + "Advancing Learning and Market Research;", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "GIIN", + "J.P. Morgan" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "Industry Publication", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Financial Institution, Investors, and Intermediaries" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2015" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Tamara Duggleby", + "Rajan Kapoor", + "Chung Lai", + "Michael J. Midling", + "Martin Opolot" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Uganda" + ], + "Document ID": "1506-Duggl-UGA", + "Document Title": "Youthmap Uganda: Final Report", + "Document Summary": "This document is a performance evaluation report of the YouthMap Uganda Internship Program (UIP), which was produced at the request of the United States Agency for International Development. It was prepared by Tamara Duggleby, Rajan Kapoor, Chung Lai, Michael J. Midling, and Martin Opolot under the Management Support and Technical Analysis Services Project, implemented by Pragma Corporation and Management Systems International. This report intends to assess the YouthMap Uganda Internship Program (UIP) effectiveness and impact on beneficiaries as well as sustainability and scalability to inform similar internship programs. The report comprehensively analyzes the program components, including recruitment and selection, matching, training, and placement. \n\nThis evaluation used a mixed methods approach to assess effectiveness, impact, sustainability, and scalability. The evaluation team collected qualitative data and used RD’s performance monitoring and quantitative data from surveys conducted before the evaluation. Qualitative data was collected from FGD and KIIs. The FGDs were randomly selected from a telephone list of those who responded and were willing/able to attend the FGD. There were two primary quantitative data sources. The baseline survey and follow-up survey were provided just before the arrival of the evaluation team. The baseline survey was conducted near the beginning of the program, after the intern selection stage, via an in-person survey. The primary data limitations revolve around the limited field time, limited monitoring data, insufficient quantitative data, and the limited number of follow-up survey responses for analysis. To address this issue, additional KIIs were conducted over the phone.", + "Key Findings": "Several aspects of the program were particularly successful. Regular workplace visits by RD staff during the course of the internship for support and monitoring helped interns to ensure the successful implementation of their individual work plans. These visits also allowed for more regular dialogue and additional feedback opportunities for host employers and interns. Moreover, supporting interns to set and achieve clear goals during the foundational training allowed them to focus on job activities aligned with their goals, increasing job satisfaction and performance. The overall employment rate for participants – 78 percent - compares favorably with the official employment rate of approximately 65 percent for all labor force participants with tertiary degrees.", + "Key Recommendations": "Effectiveness & Impact\n Work closely with human resource departments of the partner organizations so as to en-\nsure that the graduates who qualify for placement are matched with the skills needed by the potential employers. This will enhance the workplace environment and increase\nchances of interns transitioning to full-time employment after their internship placement period.\n Allow the intern to determine his/her placement while taking into consideration the matching educational background (skills) with the needs of the employers. This increases the possibility that after the placement period, the interns will transition into fulltime employment with the host employer. The interns will also be placed in an area which is in line with their training (educational background), thus enabling them to acquire relevant skills and experience.\n\nSustainability & Scalability\n Continue to contribute to policy development relating to the national volunteer programs\nand Youth Venture Capital Fund. While UIP has encouraged government engagement in the program, continued engagement with the government is essential to realizing a na-\ntional policy.\n Alternative and diverse sources of funding, besides donor funding, need to be sourced to sustain the internship program. Looking to local sources of funding, private and public, will increase the chances of securing funds for the program.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00TCT9.pdf", + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Efficiency and Effectiveness", + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Youth", + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2015" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Mary Lyn Field-Nguer", + "Kennedy Musonda", + "Neema Fritz Matee", + "Mpundu Mwanza", + "Alex Mwita", + "Deo Mwingizi", + "Fredy Rutahindurwa", + "Rose Ernest" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Tanzania" + ], + "Document ID": "1506-Field-TZA", + "Document Title": "The Tanzania Social Marketing Project: A Performance Evaluation", + "Document Summary": "This document is a final evaluation report of the Tanzania Social Marketing Project (TSMP). This publication was produced at the request of the United States Agency for International Development. It was prepared independently by Mary Lyn Field-Nguer, Kennedy Musonda, Neema Fritz Matee, Mpundu Mwanza, Alex Mwita, Deo Mwingizi, Fredy Rutahindurwa and Rose Ernest, consultants to USAID/GH Pro. The purpose of this evaluation was to review, analyze and evaluate the project's progress in meeting its objectives and intermediate results as it enters its final year. The findings are intended to provide a critical review of several dimensions of success and challenges across the project's life. The USAID/Tanzania Health Office will use this information to improve project performance and inform future social marketing activity design.\n\nThe evaluation is a retrospective performance evaluation. The mixed-methods evaluation featured: (1) a review of project documents (e.g., quarterly and annual reports) and other literature; (2) a secondary analysis of existing data, such as project surveys (omnibus surveys conducted by IPSOS, a global market research firm with offices in Tanzania, are cross-sectional household-based surveys carried quarterly), internal evaluations conducted by the partner, platform assessment tools and performance management plans (the latest DHS data are not yet available); (3) semi-structured key informant interviews (KIIs) with stakeholders, capacity-building recipients and project staff; (4) focus group discussions (FGDs) with ADDOs and Pro-Agents; and (5) a self-assessment survey of selected project staff. The evaluation primarily used rapid assessment methods, including key informant interviews and document review. Accordingly, the findings are subject to recall bias and social desirability bias. Due to time and logistical constraints, the team only visited a subset of regions and districts where the project was implemented. The evaluation team attempted to mitigate these threats to validity by triangulating multiple data sources and reviewing original data from internal project evaluations. Lastly, the lack of recent population-based data through a DHS, Service Provision Assessment or similar survey precluded the team from exploring the effect of programs among targeted beneficiaries.\n", + "Key Findings": "While there is more work to be done, the development of a TMA is in progress. The definition of market segments for some project products has shifted and will need to be reassessed over time and TSMP has greatly expanded condom availability to many outlets and groups. TSMP has contributed to improvements in water treatment among people living with HIV, despite the challenges faced during distribution. TSMP plays a significant role of provision of the availability and accessibility of low-priced contraceptive methods.", + "Key Recommendations": "USAID should design the next project to incorporate a much closer link between the social marketing, service delivery and social and behavior change communications (SBCC) projects. In addition, the link with any project working on procurement and supply chain, including capacity building, should be clearly spelled out. The creation of demand through SBCC, the social marketing of related products and the public supply of products needed once demand is created are all interconnected and critical to results and impact.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/The-Tanzania-Social-Marketing-Project-(TSMP)%3A-a-and-Ml-Musonda/c7031537bdc47e14b009909074dd7e4f31a555e8", + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships", + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Health" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2015" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Rick Gold", + "Kris Thorpe" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Ghana" + ], + "Document ID": "1506-Gold-GHA", + "Document Title": "Local Governance Decentralization Program (LOGODEP) Final Performance Evaluation ", + "Document Summary": "At the request of USAID/Ghana, Democracy International, Inc. (DI) conducted a final performance evaluation of the Local Governance Decentralization Program (LOGODEP) implemented by Management Systems International (MSI) in Ghana’s Western Region. The primary objectives of this evaluation are to learn to what extent the activity’s objectives and goals have been achieved; explore how effectively the activity was implemented; understand how the activities were perceived and valued by beneficiaries and other stakeholders; and identify lessons and best practices that can inform the design of future programming.\n\nThis report highlights that LOGODEP achieved its objectives in an integrated, holistic manner. While achieving this, the program considered local culture, traditions, and power dynamics and helped create a sense of ownership. It is one of Ghana's rare local governance programs to have a national impact. Its two great achievements are the Presidential Directive on Street Naming and adding spatial planning into medium-term development plan guidance. LOGODEP did an excellent job building district capacity to use satellite maps and GIS for participatory planning. By knowing where projects are planned, digitized GIS maps can build responsiveness, equity, and accountability and facilitate private investment. The central government’s failure to provide equipment, high-quality satellite maps, and GIS training to MMDAs outside of the Western Region has prevented most MMDAs from fully implementing the medium-term development plan (MTDP) guidance. It was also found that the LOGODEP approach was very cost-effective because the system generated enough revenue to cover the cost of the system. This result contributed to the attractiveness of this model for replication nationwide.\n\nThe central government oversaw spatial planning and street naming in a manner that may alienate MMDAs. Only 4% of MMDAs, mainly LOGODEP’s target districts, completed the street naming process by January 2015. The unrealistic deadline and poor resource planning contributed to the refusal by some MMDAs to implement the directive. By requiring MMDAs to expend their funds without creating a sense of ownership, the central government showed that it is not yet fully committed to decentralization. As a result, political will for fiscal decentralization was lacking. The report also found that for most MMDAs, public-private partnerships (PPPs) are not yet feasible to increase resources and development impact. The decision to extend LOGODEP by two years has paid off. Three years was inadequate for the program to achieve its objectives, and the two extra years gave it the time needed to have a nationwide impact.\n", + "Key Findings": "LOGODEP achieved its objectives in an integrated, holistic manner. It took into account local culture, traditions, and power dynamics and helped create a sense of ownership. It is one of the rare local governance programs in Ghana to have national impact. Its two great achievements are the Presidential Directive on Street Naming and adding spatial planning into medium-term development plan guidance. LOGODEP did an excellent job of building district capacity to use satellite maps and GIS for participatory planning. By knowing where projects are planned, the use of digitized GIS maps can build responsiveness, equity, and accountability and facilitate private investment. The central government’s failure to provide equipment, high-quality satellite maps, and GIS training to MMDAs outside of the Western Region has prevented most MMDAs from implementing the medium-term development plan (MTDP) guidance fully.\n\nWhile it is too early to assess the full impact on IGF, IGF revenue increased in all five target districts and is expected to increase further in 2015. The LOGODEP approach is very cost-effective, as the system will generate enough revenue to cover the cost of the system by 2017. This result contributes to the attractiveness of this model for replication nationwide. The central government oversaw spatial planning and street naming in a manner that may alienate MMDAs. Only 4% of MMDAs, mainly LOGODEP’s target districts, completed the street naming process by January 2015. The unrealistic deadline and poor resource planning contributed to refusal by some MMDAs to implement the directive. By requiring MMDAs to expend their own funds without creating a sense of ownership, the central government showed that it is not yet fully committed to decentralization. \n\nAs such, political will for fiscal decentralization in particular at the highest levels is weak. LOGODEP’s National Linkages Manager has enabled the Ministry of Local Government and Rural Development (MLGRD) to support the street naming initiative nationwide. When LOGODEP closes, his departure will make it difficult for the Ministry to maintain its support. Canada may second an IGF technical assistant to the MLGRD. For most MMDAs, public-private partnerships (PPPs) are not yet a feasible option to increase resources and development impact. The decision to extend LOGODEP by two years has paid off. Three years was inadequate for the program, to achieve its objectives, and the two extra years gave it the time needed to have nationwide impact. \n", + "Key Recommendations": "RECOMMENDATIONS\n Allow LOGODEP to end with no additional funding. Before it ends, focus on consolidating gains and\nensuring sustainability of program results. If elections are held, provide additional assistance to fe-\nmale candidates. Initiate a wide-ranging communications campaign, engaging stakeholders at the na-\ntional, regional, and district levels, as well as other donors, to highlight program accomplishments\nand build demand for follow-on program. Install dlREV in remaining districts and build capacity to\nuse it effectively. Continue to integrate dlREV into the Ghana Integrated Financial Management Sys-\ntem (GIFMIS). Continue to support IGF collection, facilitate IGF performance reviews, and bolster\naudit capacity. \n Consider a follow-on project that replicates the LOGODEP approach elsewhere in Ghana, including:\nsocial accountability; citizen education; tax enforcement; audit strengthening; sub-district strengthen-\ning; community radio capacity building; collaboration with traditional authorities; CSO grants; inte-\ngrating dlREV and GIFMIS; improving MTDP guidance and increasing central funding; helping re-\nsolve problems of technical ministry decentralization; and addressing MMDA land valuation for IGF collection.", + "Internet URL of Document": "http://democracyinternational.com/media/Ghana%20Local%20Governance%20Decentralization%20Program%20(LOGODEP)%20Final%20Performance%20Evaluation.pdf", + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;", + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Democracy, Human Rights, & Governance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2015" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Robert Holler", + "Erin Endean", + "Paul J. Fekete", + "Virginia Brown" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "1506-Holle-GLO", + "Document Title": "A Comprehensive Approach to Trade Facilitation and Capacity Building: Connecting Developing Countries to Supply Chains", + "Document Summary": "In this paper, USAID lays out its approach to grouping and sequencing the specific WTO Trade Facilitation Agreement (TFA) commitments. The TFA contains 13 articles with 37 particular requirements for members. TFA provides an implementation timeline for developing and least developed countries, each with a one-year delayed implementation for LDCs (Category-1), performance after a transition period (category-2), and implementation after a transition period and following needed capacity building (Category-3). USAID defines four groupings or clusters that will clarify the interrelationships among the various requirements of the TFA. The clusters will also provide the basis for a sequential planning strategy in which technical assistance to address a specific requirement is timed to occur only after the foundation has been laid by meeting the prerequisite requirement(s). The four groups consist of 1)) Political Will and Adoption of Fundamental Principles, 2) Procedural Simplification, 3) Compliance Management, and 4) Interagency Cooperation and Coordination. \n", + "Key Findings": "High-level government and business commitment to trade facilitation reform goals is essential. Shared accountability by host countries and donors must be present; goals and burdens must be a mutual responsibility. The private sector must be heard; ongoing dialogue between government and private trade organizations must be prioritized; and trading community views and recommendations should be given strong consideration in the drafting of new trade laws and regulations.\n\nAdditionally, there must be a whole-of-government approach: the integration of agencies other than Customs into trade facilitation efforts is critical. It is essential that a quality assurance mechanism be put in place at the project outset and that a reporting system is established at the very highest level that brings problems to the early attention of senior management and informs any change to strategic direction.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00MP3J.pdf", + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Ability to Influence Policy" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2015" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Ben Mann", + "Tetra Tech", + "Pramod Dabrase", + "Sneha Latha" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "India" + ], + "Document ID": "1506-Mann-IND", + "Document Title": "Visakhapatnam, India Sanitation Assessment: Final Report", + "Document Summary": "This sanitation assessment was conducted on behalf of the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) to capture the sanitation service sector's current state in Visakhapatnam in Andhra Pradesh State (AP), in southeast India. The assessment was undertaken in response to the signing of a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) between the U.S. Government (USG) and the Government of India’s (GOI) Ministry of Urban Development (MoUD) to advance the Swachh Bharat (Clean India) Mission (SBM), launched by the GOI in October 2014. This assessment focuses on USAID’s core commitments contained within the MOU as they apply to the city of Visakhapatnam: understanding the current status of open defecation (OD) and toilet use at household and community levels; the existing infrastructure and processes for safely containing, transporting, treating, and disposing of human waste; and opportunities and barriers to providing universal sanitation solutions sustainably across the municipality.\n \nThe findings and recommendations in this report were generated by a multi-disciplinary team of international and national consultants after an intensive two-week scoping visit to Visakhapatnam in April 2015. The assessment team conducted a series of interviews with workers from the Greater Visakhapatnam Municipal Corporation (GVMC) and nongovernmental sanitation stakeholders. The team also visited several sites throughout the city to evaluate the current condition of sanitation facilities and service provision. These included notified and non-notified slum colonies, community toilet complexes, new electronic toilet (e-Toilet) facilities, wastewater pumping stations, two existing sewage treatment plants (STPs), and a mega-STP construction site.\n\nThe report highlights that despite the city’s many challenges, the current sanitation infrastructure, political will, and financial commitments to sanitation by the Greater Visakhapatnam Municipal Corporation provide the underpinnings of a supportive enabling environment in which to bring significant improvements to the sanitation sector over the next decade. Analysis of the FFD reveals multiple failure points resulting in significant environmental and public health risks for Visakhapatnam. Across the SVC, technical infrastructure challenges are only one bottleneck in the treatment and disposal of sanitary waste. To solve many of these infrastructure challenges, the GVMC and implementing partners must address broader sustainability issues such as the regulatory environment, social equality, and financial planning. The report concludes that the gaps in sustainable sanitation services are not insurmountable. The core infrastructure, policies, and agencies are in place for improving sanitation, and the enabling environment is appropriate for USAID assistance. With targeted investments by the GVMC and supporting entities like USAID and the private sector in capacity building, civil society, and private sector engagement, technical skills building, and improved coordination, the sanitation services in Visakhapatnam are highly likely to improve, and the amount of fecal matter that is properly disposed of will significantly increase.\n", + "Key Findings": "Strong political will exists to accelerate sanitation improvements. The current Municipal Commissioner of the GVMC, Mr. Pravin Kumar, IAS, is a champion of sanitation and the Smart City Initiative. He participated in the 2015 International Fecal Sludge Management 3 Conference in Hanoi, Vietnam, and has an impressive technical understanding of the city’s current sanitation needs. During meetings with the assessment team, Mr. Kumar confirmed our initial findings and provided additional insights into numerous areas of improvement needed along the SVC. His commitment to improving sanitation was echoed by the cooperation of multiple department heads within the GVMC and the impressive understanding of their existing service needs and successes. Sanitation sector stakeholders are eager to engage with the GVMC and improve sanitation services. The assessment team conducted individual and small group interviews with over 40 professionals with a role in the sanitation sector of Visakhapatnam. During the Sanitation Town Hall, these stakeholders were given a platform to voice strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats to achieving universal sanitation in Visakhapatnam. The consultation facilitated discussions on critical concerns and topics such as STPs and increasing access to household toilets; a participatory mapping exercise captured the network interactions across the different stakeholder groups. Workshop participants came away with a better understanding of the multitude of actors working in the sector. Communication channels between civil society organizations and the GVMC should be formalized. \n\nAccountability could be strengthened across all stakeholders, but particularly around private service providers (community toilets) and the members of the vacuum truck association. The Town Hall SWOT revealed general consensus that a solid foundation exists in the city for the provision of sanitation services. The treatment capacity at the existing STPs and proposed extension of sanitation services demonstrate the GVMC’s commitment to providing city-wide coverage. Additionally, the high turnout for the event reflected strong commitment from nongovernmental stakeholders to improving services. Numerous opportunities for quick wins to improve sanitation services were identified and discussed, with significant emphasis on improving household access to toilets and increasing the use and functionality of community toilets.\n\nBetter coordination within the GVMC is needed to improve knowledge and data sharing. The GVMC has a wealth of information and technical expertise for sanitation service provision, yet the assessment team found that this knowledge and data on sanitation schemes were located in different pockets within the municipal corporation. Myopic focus on expanding sewerage does not consider decentralized fecal sludge management. The GVMC’s ambitious agenda to expand coverage of UGD sewerage along with a rapid expansion of STP capacity is laudable. However, policy makers should be reminded that sewerage is only one option in a suite of alternatives for increasing sanitation services in urban areas. As witnessed by the GVMC’s current under performance, sewerage is difficult to maintain and services at this level are likely to remain out of the reach of hundreds of thousands of residents in slum areas for the foreseeable future.\n\nThe regulatory environment is weak. Overall, STP operators are the only regulated service\nproviders in the city. The AP-PCB regularly monitors wastewater entering the STPs and the quality of the treated effluent, as does the contractor charged with operating the STP on behalf of the GVMC. If effluent does not meet regulated standards, the AP-PCB notifies the GVMC, but no penalty or corrective action is enforced in practice. This lack of enforcement extends across\nviolations taking place throughout the SVC, the most egregious example being the unregulated\ndumping of raw fecal sludge by the septic tank emptiers. Gender and socio-economic bias remains a significant hurdle to achieving universal sanitation services. Data provided by the GVMC for community toilet facilities show a disproportionate number of facilities for men, including the new eToilets that are exclusively for males. Stakeholder interviews revealed that women do not regularly use community toilets, except to deposit used menstrual hygiene products, because of safety concerns or lack of cleanliness. Women also expressed equity issues with individual toilet use in their homes, as it is common for household toilets to be solely used by the men and for women to practice OD. This culturally sensitive practice contradicts the assertion that only residents of households without toilets defecate in the open, as a potentially large number of women living in households with toilets do not use them regularly. In these instances, the disposal of infant and children’s stools, often a female responsibility, is also likely not being performed in a safe and hygienic manner.\n\nFinancial investments are focused on new capital investments but ignore other life-cycle costs. The GVMC’s annual sanitation-related budget allocations and expenditures reflect the political focus on investing in large infrastructure. Funding comes from a number of different sources, including the JNNURM, RAY, and minor contributions from the Thirteenth Finance Commission. For 2015, the GVMC has budgeted INR 8.62 billion (US$135 million) for investment in sewerage and sanitation, yet the Department of Engineering estimates needing an additional INR 16 billion (US$251 million) to complete ongoing sewage treatment activities. In addition to a total disregard to low-tech fecal sludge management approaches, the O&M budget reveals hardly any money spent on repairing the sewerage drains (only INR 96,400 [US$1,500] in 2013) or clearing storm water drains and other such maintenance activities. Significant investments are needed to repair and renovate STPs and community toilets. Field observations noted that STP and community toilet O&M contractors were dissatisfied and frustrated with the funding allocated from the GVMC for operational expenditure (OpEx) and capital maintenance expenditure (CapManEx). OpEx is typically covered by lump-sum service contracts that do not accurately account for all daily expenditures for contractors (e.g., cleaning supplies for toilet facilities and fuel for generators at STPs). CapManEx funding, for items like replacement urinal doors or agitators for STP mixing chambers, is often delayed due to bureaucratic red tape and can take months to be dispersed, often delaying major repairs and taking vital systems offline that in turn reduce the level of services provided.\n", + "Key Recommendations": "Opportunity: Building off the momentum from town hall meeting, the GVMC could organize and\nchair a regular meeting with civil society and the private sector to discuss sanitation.\nOpportunity: While investment should be made in long-term data management systems, the\ncurrent arrangements for the sanitation working group related to the CSP (in development) can be\nbetter leveraged for coordination across departments, including Engineering, Health, Urban\nCommunity Development, City Planning, and Revenue and Accounts, to move the CSP forward.\nJoint efforts should also be increased to improve systems and investment across the SVC. The\nGVMC could improve data sharing and coordination through improved IT solutions, such as\nnetwork or cloud-based storage and awareness-raising activities between different units working in\nthe sanitation sector.\nOpportunity: The GVMC should consider a range of fecal sludge treatment options including\ndecentralized treatment processes, condominial sewers, digesters, wetlands, and pond systems to\ncomplement the UGD network. Such technologies are urgently needed given the current practice of\ndumping waste directly into the environment. Per capita investments in fecal sludge management\nmay prove to be more cost effective than the STP, with immediate results for low-income residents.\nInvesting in a pilot project to install digesters in neighborhoods with a high ratio of septic tanks (i.e.,\nhighly frequented by vacuum trucks) would provide a tangible alternative to illegal dumping in the\nnear term.\nOpportunity: At a minimum, the GVMC should require members of the association of septic tank\nemptiers to keep basic records on their clients, the volume of sludge extracted, and locations of the\ntipped sludge. This data is critical to better quantify the scope of the dumping dilemma and design\noptions for decentralized fecal sludge management models mentioned above. Additional policies and regulations exist on the provision of independent sanitation facilities for\npublic transportation facilities, large commercial properties, hospitals, and industrial facilities, as\noutlined in the Code of Basic Requirements for Water Supply, Drainage, and Sanitation by the Bureau of\nIndian Standards. The GVMC and AP-PCB acknowledge that these standards exist and some\nlocations comply with them (e.g., the Four Points Sheraton Hotel maintains its own mini-STP).\nHowever, these facilities are not regulated or inspected by the GVMC or the AP-PCB, and no\ncomprehensive data set exists on the compliance of these facilities.\nOpportunity: Further research is needed to understand the full impact that gender plays in\nsanitation practices, particularly open defecation, in Visakhapatnam.\nThe assessment team also observed inequities in toilet access for the extreme poor. Sanitation in\nslums areas, both notified and non-notified, are a perennial challenge due to land tenure issues\nrelated to encroachment on vacant areas without permission. An estimated 195,000 households\ninhabit 711 notified slums in Visakhapatnam, many are in need of individual toilets. At least 33,500\nhouseholds do not have individual toilets, with almost 30,000 households reporting some practice of\nopen defecation. Field visits to the Indiranagar slum revealed that although the GVMC built houses\nfor the poor, they have not provided individual toilets. Most of the households complained of lack of\nspace to build the new toilets while many said that they cannot afford to build their own.\nOpportunity: The majority of OD in Visakhapatnam is believed to occur in slums. The city has the\nhighest rate of slum dwellers of any municipality in India, so tracking sanitation practices in these\nareas should be among the highest priorities for the GVMC. A comprehensive study is needed to\ndetermine the actual OD rates within Visakhapatnam and to identify the primary drivers that\nsupport this practice.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.pdffiller.com/jsfiller-desk15/?projectId=437652718#3edd703da7af3ad35c3fb4dd120758e0", + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;", + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Health" + ], + "Type of Document": "Landscape Analysis", + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Asia" + ], + "Year": "2015" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Nikolai Mouraviev", + "Nada K. Kakabadse" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Kazakhstan" + ], + "Document ID": "1506-Moura-KAZ-pr", + "Document Title": "Legal and regulatory barriers to effective public-private partnership governance in Kazakhstan", + "Document Summary": "This paper critically assesses legal and regulatory impediments to the effective governance of public-private partnerships (PPPs) in Kazakhstan. The paper contributes to PPP theory because the management of co-production highlights the limitations of the government’s management approach that it borrowed from its own experience of treating the private sector as organizations that the government applies PPPs. As the study shows, the management approach to PPPs that Kazakhstan’s government currently uses manifests itself in a large number of drawbacks, such as constrained management flexibility of private operators, losses in their efficiency due to cumbersome government-set procedures, and disincentives to private operators’ to better manage a property due to deliberate restriction that prohibits private asset ownership. The paper highlights that the identified barriers to effective PPP management include irregularities in the PPP legal framework, such as lack of legal definition of a PPP and controversy with the government guarantee’s legal status for its long-term payments to partnerships; bureaucratic tariff setting for partnership services; non-existent opportunity for private asset ownership; and excessive government regulation of PPP workers’ wage rates. ", + "Key Findings": "The identified barriers to effective PPP management include irregularities in the PPP legal framework, such as lack of legal definition of a PPP and controversy with the government guarantee’s legal status for its long-term payments to partnerships; bureaucratic tariff setting for partnership services; non-existent opportunity for private asset ownership; and excessive government regulation of PPP workers’ wage\nrates. Practical implications – The partners’ opposing perspectives on a\nnumber of PPP issues show that management needs to identify and\ncarefully reconcile stakeholder values in a partnership in order to\nachieve more effective PPP governance. Practitioners, particularly those\nin the public agencies, have to be concerned with ways to reduce the\ngovernment overregulation of the private operators, which is likely to\nresult in greater PPP flexibility in management and, ultimately, higher\nefficiency in delivering the public services.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://doi.org/10.1108/ijpsm-09-2014-0116", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Transportation and Warehousing", + "Energy", + "Engineering & Construction" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "International Journal of Public Sector Management" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "Peer-reviewed article or other research report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "For-profit Commercial Entity", + "Formal Sector" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Europe and Eurasia" + ], + "Year": "2015" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Strengthening Health Outcomes through the Private Sector (SHOPS)" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Namibia" + ], + "Document ID": "1506-SHOPS-NAM", + "Document Title": "Namibia Program Profile", + "Document Summary": "This document presents Namibia's goals, components, and results of the Private Sector (SHOPS) project. It highlights that access to health care in Namibia is complicated by the country’s large size, uneven population distribution, and high rate of HIV and AIDS. The well-funded public health system serves approximately 82 percent of the population, yet 75 percent of a doctors practice in the private sector. Based on the findings of a PSA, SHOPS partnered with USAID and Namibia to design a program to support an enabling environment for PPPs, strengthen the role of private providers to finance and provide VMMC and increase the commercialization of two NGOs to promote financial sustainability. SHOPS submitted an application to the NAMAF that included a clinical justification and a proposed tariff for VMMC as an HIV preventive benefit. The NAMAF accepted the proposal effective January 2012, making Namibia the first to systematically cover mVMMC under medical aid as an HIV preventive benefit. Within a year, nine out of 10 medical aid schemes in the country had included the tariff in their packages. In preparation for reduced donor funding, SHOPS carried out two six-month commercialization pilots to promote NGO sustainability. The pilots showed the potential for commercializing NGO offerings, but additional investments in technical assistance are needed. The program found that mobile clinics presented an opportunity to increase access and found ways to improve data reporting from the private sector. This is a necessary step to gaining a better understanding of the HIV response and achieving an AIDS-free generation. Through these efforts, SHOPS helped to improve access to affordable health care and create linkages with the public sector to support the expansion of care for the Namibian people.\n\nThe profile highlights the lessons learned from the SHOPS program in Namibia as follows:\n1) Creating an enabling environment for collaboration is critical to supporting a partnership with the private sector\n2) Corporate-NGO pilots in Namibia demonstrate potential for commercializing NGO offerings, but additional investments in technical assistance are needed\n3) Mobile clinics offer an essential opportunity to expand access to testing, care, and treatment, but targeted demand creation in identified priority regions is necessary\n4) Using existing systems and incentives can provide needed private sector data routinely and reliably\n5) Working with private sector peer-supported networks provides opportunities to understand doctor-patient relationships and how they impact the demand for HIV services.\n", + "Key Findings": "Partnership with the private sector is critical for Namibia to reach the UNAIDS goal of 90-90-90. Assuming stable incidence and using current coverage estimates, Namibia will need to expand treatment coverage by 150 percent to reach an additional 180,000 Namibians, while continuing to sustain the 120,000 PLHIV currently on ART. Lessons learned in Namibia will inform future private sector partnerships and domestic resource mobilization to facilitate the achievement of this goal. Creating an enabling environment for collaboration is critical to supporting a partnership with the private sector. Governments in many sub-Saharan African countries are hesitant to work with the private health sect or, either because they are unaware of potential opportunities or because they are opposed to such engagement on principle. The Shops experience in Namibia demonstrated that such reluctance can be overcome and an enabling environment built through targeted advocacy. Several activities supported this success. As a neutral broker, SHOPS was able to engage both government and private sector stakeholders to begin dialogue and build trust between the two sectors. This dialogue was supported by high quality information, both on regional PPP experiences and potential opportunities specific to Namibia. \n\nThese efforts helped show both sectors how PPPs can be mutually beneficial and support the achievement of priority health goals. By identifying and supporting a pilot PPP opportunity with a high chance of success (Mister Sister), SHOPS built momentum and expertise in the health system to manage and implement PPPs. Corporate-NGO pilots demonstrate potential for commercializing NGO offerings, but additional investments in technical assistance are needed. Donors interested in stewarding successful NGO commercialization may need to encourage NGOs to consider revenue diversification strategies as PEPFAR transitions because they will require technical assistance related to these types of strategies. The SHOPS pilot found that NGOs require marketing capacity, pricing support, negotiation skills, and support for the development of monitoring and evaluation systems that meet the needs of both corporations and donors. Without the additional technical assistance, the pilots would not have been as successful and revenues would not have exceeded NGO services. Mobile clinics offer an important opportunity to expand access to testing, care, and treatment, but targeted demand creation in priority regions is necessary. With the majority of PLHIV living in remote areas, Namibia can benefit from innovative and cost-effective methods to reach these populations. Mobile clinics are strategically positioned to provide efficient and low cost health services on behalf of both government and private sector partners. However, expanding access to services through mobile clinics will require geographic targeting to reach vulnerable populations and behavior change campaigns to encourage health-seeking decisions and build demand for HIV services. \n\nWhile SHOPS ‘experience with Mister Sister was a successful Proffering some needed low cost health services (such as immunization, antenatal care, and treatment of acute illnesses) in hard-to-reach areas, it did not achieve high rates of HIV testing. This was likely due to the selection of regions for Mister Sister outreach. While the regions selected in partnership with the MoHSS were critical to expand access to services for the general population, they were not necessarily regions with the largest populations of PLHIV. Using existing systems and incentives can provide needed private sector data routinely and reliably. Before the SHOPS program, Namibia’s public and private sector systems operated completely independently of one another and, consequently, the private sector’s contribution to the national HIV response was not well known or fully integrated in national reports. To understand the impact of HIV services in the private sector, it is critical for clinicians to report on the types of services provided for patients and identified HIV indicators while protecting patient confidentiality. SHOPS supported activities that leveraged existing mechanisms to ensure sustainability of reporting. For example, working in partnership with the NAMAF provided Shops with access to data from all medical aid funds operating in Namibia.\n\n Through this partnership, SHOPS was able to access data on HIV service coverage such as testing, CD4 counts, viral load testing, male circumcisions, and ARV coverage through the private sector. While medical aid funds were unwilling to share data because of concerns about the use of those data, the NAMAF’s role in the industry and its commitment to assuring anonymity of shared data allowed SHOPS—and therefore, key partners such as the MoHSS and USAID—to have access to private sector data for key indicators. Moreover, by incorporating VMMC reporting requirements with resupply of male circumcision kits, SHOPS was able to regularly collect these data from private health providers participating in McCelvey. Ultimately, the inclusion of the private sector data into national reporting provides a broader understanding of the HIV response and progress toward an AIDS-free generation. Working with private sector peer-supported networks provides opportunities to understand doctor-patient relationships and how they impact the demand for HIV services. Through the coordination of a network of private clinicians providing VMMC, SHOPS supported the sharing of lessons learned among providers relating to patient engagement. In particular for HIV services with limited demand—like VMMC—it was helpful for providers to share strategies about how to engage and educate patients on the benefits of services. The opportunity for these doctors to work together improved their approach to patients and supported the scale-up of VMMC.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.abtassociates.com/sites/default/files/migrated_files/caf5f496-62d5-4fda-a8dd-39d0464d0231.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Financial Services", + "Health Care" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "PharmAccess Foundation Namibia", + "Heineken Africa Foundation", + "Mister Sister", + "Deloitte", + "Jphiego", + "ErongoMed", + "HIV Clinicians Society", + "LifeLine/Childline" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities", + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments", + "Reputation and Credible Convening Power", + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;", + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID", + "U.S. President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR)", + "Strengthening Health Outcomes Through the Private Sector (SHOPS)" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Youth" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Health" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Multi-national Business", + "American Business", + "Formal Sector", + "Large Enterprise", + "For-profit Commercial Entity", + "Regional Business", + "Micro, Small, or Medium Enterprise" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2015" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Strengthening Health Outcomes through the Private Sector (SHOPS)" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Nigeria" + ], + "Document ID": "1506-SHOPS-NGA", + "Document Title": "Nigeria Program Profile", + "Document Summary": "The SHOPS project began in Nigeria in 2010 and aimed to strengthen private-sector family planning, reproductive health, and maternal and child health services. This profile presents the goals, components, results, and lessons learned from the SHOPS program. The Strengthening Health Outcomes through the Private Sector (SHOPS) project in Nigeria is USAID’s flagship initiative in private-sector health. SHOPS focuses on increasing availability, improving quality, and expanding coverage of essential health products and services in family planning and reproductive health, maternal and child health, HIV and AIDS, and other health areas through the private sector.\n\nThe report argues that the Nigerian health context is challenging as it has high maternal and child mortality rates. Given that 60 percent of care and treatment for childhood illness is sought from private sector sources, primarily PPMVs and pharmacies, SHOPS’s efforts are critical for reaching a majority of caregivers in the six target states. The SHOPS program reached over 4,300 PPMVs, created a demand for zinc and ORS, and ensured that supplies of these products were available in retail outlets throughout the states of Abia, Benue, and Nasarawa. SHOPS also trained over 800 doctors, nurses, midwives, and 300 community pharmacists with updated knowledge of contraceptive methods. Through SHOP's interventions, these traditional approaches for collaboration with the private sector were enhanced with targeted demand creation, business training, and access to credit.\n\nThe report highlights the contributions that the private sector is making to provide family planning services in Nigeria and the role that the SHOP's intervention plays in expanding the method mix offered by private providers and enhancing their sustainability. The program activities supported by SHOPS have shown the effectiveness of focused and integrated provider training, reinforced by demand generation, to support introducing new methods through private providers. Additionally, a recent policy increasing the task sharing of family planning services with community health extension workers is another positive step, particularly in the North, where private sector facilities are often staffed by a more significant number of lower cadre staff than doctors, nurses, or midwives. Finally, the provision of business training to independent private health providers was especially effective in enhancing their business practices and future sustainability, while improving their opportunities for access to finance helped improve their capacity to grow their business or offer new or expanded family planning and other health services to their clients. The report offers key learnings that focused provider training combined with demand creation and found that it is a powerful tool for encouraging providers to introduce new clinical methods; the use of SMS technology offers a cost-effective way of reinforcing training and increasing efficiencies in commodity logistics; and microfinance institutions, supported by DCA credit guarantees, to offer critical opportunities for smaller providers to access credit and expand their services.\n`", + "Key Findings": "Focused provider training, combined with demand creation, is a powerful tool for encouraging providers to introduce new clinical methods. The SHOPS trainings offered to private providers led to positive results in overcoming existing barriers for introducing new clinical methods, such as implants and IUDs, as well as utilizing ORS and zinc to combat childhood diarrhea. This training offers great potential, particularly given a recent policy change in Nigeria that now allows community health extension workers to provide LARCs—thus making it easier to expand access for women to these methods in underserved areas and demonstrating the government’s commitment to improving access to family planning. Moving forward, SHOPS is exploring how to incorporate this cadre into LARC trainings. When combined with increased demand generation efforts for these services, enhanced results are evident. With Nigeria’s low levels of contraceptive prevalence and family planning uptake, particularly for LARCs, demand generation is essential to sustain providers’ interest and their confidence in their skills to provide these new services and methods. As such, SHOPS increased individual-and facility-level demand generation efforts to reach clients in providers’ catchment areas, using a combination of community outreach and effective counseling. Use of SMS technology offers a cost-effective way of reinforcing training and increasing efficiencies in commodity logistics. Implementation has shown that use of SMS after training allows providers to ask questions and obtain added information regarding family planning service provision. \n\nEffective linkages were also made between PPMVs and zinc suppliers using SMS. Many PPMVs took advantage to request additional stock of zinc. In addition, during supportive supervision, inspectors were able to assess ORSand zinc stocks using their smartphones and immediately notify SHOPS of stockouts. Both of these channels allowed the distribution system to efficiently pinpoint providers in need of stock and immediately respond. Microfinance institutions, supported by DC credit guarantees, offer critical opportunities for smaller providers to access credit and expand their services. While DCA guarantees do not typically involve microfinance institutions, the DCA credit guarantee with AMfB demonstrated that these guarantees can facilitate impressive gains for small providers, especially community pharmacists who obtained loans from microfinance institutions. AMfB quickly reached its lending ceiling under the DCA agreement and continued strong lending to the health sector even without the guarantee. Through this mechanism, SHOPS demonstrated the value in working with financial intermediaries to extend credit to small providers, who are often not served due to their more limited borrowing needs, even by banks with a DCA guarantee.\n", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.shopsplusproject.org/sites/default/files/resources/Nigeria%20Program%20Profile.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Health Care", + "Pharmaceuticals" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Association of General and Private Medical Practitioners of Nigeria", + "Association of General and Private Nurse Practitioners", + "Pharmaceutical Council of Nigeria", + "U.S. Pharmacopeia", + "The Clinton Health Access Initiative (CHAI)", + "Olpharm Pharmaceuticals", + "Hecahn Health Services Ltd.", + "CHI Pharmaceuticals, Ltd.", + "Deji Clinic" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge", + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Strengthening Health Outcomes Through the Private Sector (SHOPS)", + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Youth" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Health" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Local Business", + "American Business", + "Formal Sector", + "Multi-national Business", + "Micro, Small, or Medium Enterprise", + "Large Enterprise", + "For-profit approach that generates sustainable income", + "Business Association or Cooperative" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2015" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Strengthening Health Outcomes through the Private Sector (SHOPS)" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Tanzania" + ], + "Document ID": "1506-SHOPS-TZA", + "Document Title": "Tanzania Program Profile", + "Document Summary": "The Strengthening Health Outcomes through the Private Sector project implemented a two-year technical assistance program in Tanzania funded by the United States Agency for International Development from July 2013 to September 2015. The program had three main objectives: (1) to improve the policy environment for private sector provision of HIV and AIDS and other essential health services; (2) to increase the availability of information on the current and potential role of the private sector in HIV service provision; and (3) build private health sector capacity to deliver and scale up HIV and other essential health services. SHOPS used a multi-sectoral, participatory approach focused on sustainability and country ownership. This profile presents the goals, components, results, and lessons learned.\n\nAs described in the report, SHOPS’ achievements were the direct result of a multi-sectoral and participatory approach focused on partnership, sustainability, and strong country ownership. The program demonstrates that the private sector is a critical source of health service delivery and can be leveraged to increase access to essential public health services and other priority health interventions. When appropriately pursued and linked to district-level health planning and funding processes, these efforts can be made sustainable through effective partnerships at the level of service provision. The report emphasizes that sustaining high-impact results through public-private collaboration will require ongoing efforts to align incentives, jointly develop action plans and implementation approaches, and ensure that both public and private partners are committed to the partnership to ensure services can be extended to all Tanzanians requiring them.\n", + "Key Findings": "A number of lessons were learned from the Shops program in Tanzania that can inform future private health sector development. Gathering and widely disseminating health information is fundamental for developing informed interventions and partnerships. Stakeholders from all levels and sectors of the health system require access to concise, accurate, and usable data to develop informed interventions and partnerships. Information at the national level is of little use if it does not reach those who can apply it at the local level. SHOPS made great strides in expanding access to data for decision making; the private sector assessment, facilitated stakeholders ‘dialogues, diagnostic directory, and policy and technical documents all contributed to Tanzania’s body of knowledge. SHOPS’s efforts to build a general consensus in developing these documents and widely disseminate the findings directly supported partnership building and improved access to essential HIV services. These early successes strongly suggest a need for continued efforts to ensure that information is packaged to promote partnerships and are distributed to public and private stakeholders at all levels of the health system. District-level public-private partnership can facilitate alliances when supported by a neutral broker. Public-private partnerships at the local level require open and transparent dialogue among public and private stakeholders. As evidenced by SHOPS’s efforts in Njombe and Dar es Salaam, a neutral broker can support the early stages of engagement by addressing the communication gap between the sectors, facilitating meetings, and ensuring that participants have access to necessary policies, guidance, and information on structuring partnerships.\n The private sector is an important source of health services that can be more effectively leveraged through greater involvement in local planning and funding processes. Public-private partnerships are more likely to be successful when clearly aligned with existing planning processes. Historically, Tanzania’s private health sector has been excluded from contributing to the annual comprehensive council health planning process and other local planning processes because district health authorities viewed PPPs as outside their regular mandate. Achieving and sustaining successful partnerships between the sectors require efforts to align incentives and jointly develop action plans and implementation approaches. Ongoing efforts should focus on better integrating the private sector in planning and funding cycles at the regional and district levels to ensure that all resources are adequately employed to meet district health goals. National policies and guidelines that formalize task sharing can lead to rapid increases in service coverage and improved patient outcomes. Tanzania has historically engaged in task sharing to address HRH shortages. These efforts were informal and did not systematically address human resource needs.\n Formal policies maximize potential gains from task sharing while legally protecting providers offering services outside their regular scope. SHOPS’s work in formalizing a scope of practice for Tanzania’s nurses and midwives generated consensus around the cadres ‘responsibilities and helped to focus and scaleup formal task-sharing activities. The new scope extended service coverage, broadened the reach of the health system to previously under-served areas, and reduced the burden on physicians and overwhelmed points of care. Improving HIV and AIDS patient outcomes at the facility level requires both provider capacity building efforts and targeted health systems strengthening interventions. PEPFAR 3.0, which aims to help achieve an AIDS-free generation by targeting the response to the epidemic, prioritizes scaling up facility-level provision of essential HIV prevention, testing, and treatment services. Capacity-building efforts, such as service delivery trainings and increasing the availability of data for decision making, are critical to improving the availability and quality of facility-level HIV service provision. However, rapid scale up of quality HIV services also requires additional interventions across multiple elements of the health system. For the private sector, this includes access to controlled public sector commodities such as ARVs, consistent and accurate reporting of health data, and strong referral and communication links between public and private providers. As SHOPS’s experience in Tanzania reveals, successfully harmonizing of multiple health systems areas can lead to rapid scale up of HIV service delivery and promote improved patient outcomes.\n", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.shopsplusproject.org/sites/default/files/resources/Tanzania%20Program%20Profile.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Health Care" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "APHFTA", + "CSSC", + "Medical Laboratory Scientists Association of Tanzania (MeLSAT)" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments", + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge", + "Reputation and Credible Convening Power" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment", + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID", + "U.S. President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR)", + "Strengthening Health Outcomes Through the Private Sector (SHOPS)" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Youth" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Health" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Local Business", + "Formal Sector", + "Micro, Small, or Medium Enterprise", + "Business Association or Cooperative" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2015" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Lea Stadtler" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "1506-Stadt-GLO-pr", + "Document Title": "Scrutinizing Public–Private Partnerships for Development: Towards a Broad Evaluation Conception", + "Document Summary": "To capture a PPP's complexity and multiple linkages with its environment, this paper highlights that a thorough evaluation should adopt a stakeholder-oriented approach and consider the costs and benefits that a PPP implies for them—especially as taxpayers' money is involved. For this purpose, this paper proposes a stakeholder-oriented evaluation framework from the nonprofit business partnership literature. In line with this broad evaluation conception, the paper extends it with the manifold ripple effects of PPPs for development. It includes the time dimension for the links between different PPP stages and related outcomes to become clearer. Applying this framework to an illustrative case, the paper highlights the important direct and especially indirect stakeholder outcomes. A narrow evaluation would omit the outcomes, which points to the challenges involved in the evaluation endeavor and identifies future research areas. \n\nIn this paper, the authors sought to synthesize extant insights into the evaluation endeavor to counteract a simplistic conception of PPPs for development and encourage a broad evaluation approach with a comprehensive framework. To this end, the paper suggests applying the framework by Austin and Seitanidi (2012) with an extended time dimension to the specific context of PPPs for development, which allows introducing a stakeholder-oriented approach into the PPP discourse and considers the costs and benefits for all the parties involved. Consequently, the suggested framework acknowledges the specific complexity inherent in a PPP's cross-sector nature and its objective of tackling a development challenge. Overall, this paper has shown that discussing the particular characteristics of PPPs for development helps better understand their potential to reach scale and change existing systems and informs an adapted evaluation process. In this sense, an ongoing and critical discussion of evaluation frameworks and their results seems essential. Given these partnerships' cross-sector nature, the target community's involvement and close links to public institutions should reflect their full complexity. The proposed evaluation framework and the resulting questions provide a basis for advancing in this direction.", + "Key Findings": "The proliferation of public–private partnerships (PPPs) for development as an answer to many public challenges calls for careful evaluation. To this end, tailored frameworks are fundamental for helping understand the PPPs’ impact and for guiding corrective adjustment. Scholars have developed frameworks focusing on the partners’ relationships, the order of effects, and the distinction between outputs and outcomes. To capture a PPP’s complexity and multiple linkages with its environment, we argue that a thorough evaluation should adopt a stakeholder-oriented approach and consider the costs and benefits that a PPP implies for them—especially as taxpayers’ money is (at least partly) involved. For this purpose, we build on a stakeholder-oriented evaluation framework from the nonprofit business partnership literature. In line with our broad evaluation conception, we extend it with the manifold ripple effects that PPPs for development have and include the time dimension for the links between different PPP stages and related outcomes to become clearer. Applying this framework to an illustrative case, we highlight important direct and especially indirect stakeholder outcomes, which a narrow evaluation would omit, point to the challenges involved in the evaluation endeavor, and identify interesting future research areas.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-015-2730-1", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Other" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Efficiency and Effectiveness", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities", + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships", + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;", + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Journal of Business Ethics" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Education and Social Services", + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "Peer-reviewed article or other research report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "For-profit Commercial Entity", + "Multi-national Business", + "Large Enterprise", + "Formal Sector" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2015" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Sarah Tisch", + "Dennis Marotta", + "Julie Mandolini-Trummel", + "Kelsey Jones-Casey" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Regional" + ], + "Document ID": "1506-Tisch-MLT", + "Document Title": "Final Performance Evaluation Report of the Regional Strategic Analysis and Knowledge Support System (ReSAKSS)", + "Document Summary": "This evaluation report of the Regional Strategic Analysis and Knowledge Support System (ReSAKSS) commissioned by the USAID Bureau for Food Security (BFS) examines ReSAKSS activities from October 2010 through 2014. The evaluation findings provide insights into assistance needed to support the Comprehensive African Agriculture Program (CAADP) achievement of the goals AU June 2014 Malabo Declaration, which include ending hunger and halving poverty by 2025. This report identifies how ReSAKSS facilitates research and analysis to support and encourage evidence- and outcome-based agricultural policy planning at the country and regional levels, a fundamental tenet of CAADP. This report centers on how stakeholders experience ReSAKSS work at the country level. Much like looking at an open umbrella from the handle up, the perspective is of how stakeholders share ReSAKSS work at the country, regional, and continental levels from their understanding and involvement. \n\nThe report attempts to find the answer to what degree is ReSAKSS providing the right kind and level of information to support CAADP processes: the degree to of ReSAKSS helps to move agricultural policy systems forward, followed by the degree to which ReSAKSS helps countries, regions and the African continent to strengthen their institutions for agricultural policymaking and policy implementation; the degree that the ReSAKSS is providing information, analysis, and tools to support evidence-based policy decision-making and policy change; and the degree by which the project is providing sufficient support for development and implementation of a mutual accountability process that includes analysis of commitments to and progress toward country or regional sector-level plans, and thereby supporting actual policy change. Finally, it seeks to answer the degree to which ReSAKSS is helping to create more inclusive policy dialogues with the private sector and civil society. Based on findings from these queries, the report provides important recommendations to improve its efforts to provide the right kind and level of information to support CAADP processes. ", + "Key Findings": "The report found that certain kinds of ReSAKSS information are out of date because there are inherent limitations of the data available at the country level that are used by ReSAKSS. It is also not consistent in its support of countries and informants widely acknowledged that ReSAKSS has encouraged country governments to bring in more non-state actors into dialogue about national agricultural investment plans.", + "Key Recommendations": "There are many ways in which ReSAKSS can improve upon its efforts to provide the right kind and level of information to support CAADP processes. They include: (1) continuing to provide linkages between public and private institutions, people and knowledge; (2) standardizing the quality of research and information products; (3) providing research and analysis products in different formats for different stakeholders (including using more interactive tools); and (4) working closer with central Bureaus of Statistics for the type of data that is needed for ATORs and economic modeling.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00KKBH.pdf", + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Reputation and Credible Convening Power", + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Agriculture and Food Security", + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2015" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "World Economic Forum" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Regional", + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "1506-WEF-GLO", + "Document Title": "Managing the Risk and Impact of Future Epidemics: Options for Public-Private Cooperation", + "Key Findings": "The Ebola crisis put a spotlight on the opportunities for collaboration as well as the challenges in achieving it. The\nprivate sector will continue to have an important role in reaching zero cases in the current outbreak, as well as in helping the region recover, and public and private agencies alike should continue to look for partnership opportunities. There is also momentum now behind an agenda for change regarding how the global community will respond to outbreaks and epidemics in the future. The challenge is to translate this passion and commitment into public-private collaboration models that are better prepared to engage collectively in the next crisis. Firstly, to organize and build connections between incountry operators and the public sector: Public-private convening organizations, existing coalitions or other third-party groups, In-country operators, National governments. Secondly, to create expertise-based groups: Existing UN Clusters or groups, particularly in logistics\nand telecommunications, leading private vaccine, drug and diagnostic\nresearchers should convene with public health experts leading foundation or other convening organization, key organizations to step up as leaders, third-party groups, Regional public-sector organizations/unions. Thirdly, to improve information flow and the ability of greater private-sector contributors to connect to the response: The international public sector, The public and private sectors.", + "Key Recommendations": "Clearly, there is much to be done to deliver on this call to action. The findings of this rapid multi-stakeholder review suggest that there is merit in - and widespread public-private support for – such a set of actions to be mobilised. Taken together, these various activities can be organised within an overall programme of work focused on framing what a new platform of public private cooperation with the international system should look like, in order to help countries and regions at risk from future epidemics such as Ebola. Consequently, second phase of effort can be envisaged. This\nwill mobilise the actions suggested above, with a collective aim\nof designing the precise coordination mechanism between Public and Private sectors at country level, and also the way the expertise-based groups should be organized at global level in the fields of drug discovery, supply chain, information flow management, communication and also a financial facility to help mitigate risk and provide quicker financial support on outbreak, through to innovations for public-private response and economic rebuild.\nThe World Economic Forum could help to facilitate such a design and scoping process over the coming months, presenting the concept at a high level meeting of public and private leaders at the Annual Meeting in Davos 2016. Making this vision a reality will require leadership from both the private and public sectors to take a close look at the lessons learned from the Ebola crisis to arrive at real, informed solutions for the future. Continued investment in this critical topic is\nimperative to ensure that stakeholders across varied sectors and regions can combat and protect against public health emergencies that threaten communities worldwide.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_Managing_Risk_Epidemics_report_2015.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Health Care", + "Pharmaceuticals", + "Technology", + "Financial Services" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Boston Consulting Group" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities", + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships", + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Advancing Learning and Market Research;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "World Economic Forum" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Health", + "Humanitarian Assistance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Micro, Small, or Medium Enterprise", + "Corporate Foundation", + "Local Business", + "Regional Business", + "Multi-national Business", + "Formal Sector" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa", + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2015" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Milos Milosavljevic", + "Jovan Krivokapic", + "Sladana Benkovic" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Serbia", + "Croatia", + "Montenegro" + ], + "Document ID": "1507-Benko-SRB-pr", + "Document Title": "Application of the Public-Private Partnership Organizational Structure in the Improvement of Business Operations of Public Sector Enterprises in Serbia", + "Document Summary": "This paper draws attention to the potential available to the public sector in Serbia to improve business operations, taking into account the current Law on public-private partnerships and concessions, which has been in practice for less than two years. The paper’s contribution is reflected in the presented model of a public enterprise's organizational, financial, and developmental benefits through applying the public-private partnership concept while bearing in mind the circumstances specific to the Serbian market. \n\nIt is highlighted that over the past few years, municipalities in Serbia have made the first tentative steps towards introducing public-private partnerships, mainly in the utility sector. The growing need for new investments in traditionally neglected sectors, such as public transport, district heating, gas supply, and solid waste management, has forced the municipal authorities in Serbia to establish public-private partnerships and open the door to more innovative forms of providing utility services. The local authorities in Serbia are still in the early stages of establishing the political, legal, and administrative framework that would facilitate the development of public-private partnerships. The report argues that from the standpoint of public authorities, the problem occurs because of fear of losing control over resources and the need for more competencies for contracting partnerships with the private sector. On the other hand, private companies fear the uncertain political and legal environment and undefined conditions of the game that they might encounter, which could lead to material losses. Despite the aggravating circumstances, Serbia has possibilities for developing the public-private partnership concept for financing projects in various fields. It is only necessary to find adequate models for implementation, which would maximize the benefits while minimizing the factors of risk and limitations to the greatest possible extent.", + "Key Findings": "Many countries have made an approach to harmonization and design of the organizational and legal framework that encourages private sector participation in the co-ownership of public sector enterprises. This is why the aim of the paper was to draw attention to the potentials that are available to the public sector in Serbia in the improvement of business operations, taking into account the current Law on public-private partnerships and concessions which has been present in practice for less than two years. The paper’s contribution is reflected in the presented model of the organizational, financial and developmental benefits of a public enterprise, through the application of the public-private partnership concept while bearing in mind the circumstances that are specific to the Serbian market.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://doi.org/10.4335/13.3.397-417(2015)", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Transportation and Warehousing", + "Financial Services", + "Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, and Hunting", + "Energy", + "Engineering & Construction" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Efficiency and Effectiveness", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities", + "Flexibility and Pace", + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Lex Localis" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Economic Growth", + "Environment/Climate Change", + "Democracy, Human Rights, & Governance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Peer-reviewed article or other research report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Financial Institution, Investors, and Intermediaries", + "For-profit Commercial Entity", + "Formal Sector", + "Local Business", + "Regional Business" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Europe and Eurasia" + ], + "Year": "2015" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Christopher Evans", + "Joanne Potter", + "Judsen Bruzgul", + "Molly Hellmuth", + "Wendy Jaglom", + "Charlotte Mack", + "Michael Savonis", + "Peter Schultz", + "Glen Anderson", + "Michael E. Cote", + "Nora Ferm", + "Joel Smith" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global", + "Peru", + "Dominican Republic", + "Mozambique", + "India", + "Indonesia" + ], + "Document ID": "1507-Evans-GLO", + "Document Title": "Climate Resilient Infrastructure Services: Lessons Learned ", + "Document Summary": "This report summarizes lessons learned from the Climate Resilient Infrastructure Services (CRIS) program, an initiative of USAID’s Climate Change Resilient Development (CCRD) project that ran from January 2013 through August 2015. The objective of CRIS was to develop, test, and implement climate risk assessment and adaptation strategies as an integral part of city development and then share the lessons learned through peer learning networks. The program was guided by USAID’s Climate-Resilient Development (CRD) Framework, which adopts a \"development-first\" approach to ensure that climate considerations are integrated into city development goals and decisions.\n\nThe report highlights the contributions made by the CRIS program to climate resilience at the city level. Each CRIS pilot city has increased its capacity to consider climate change issues in urban planning and infrastructure development. Cities have demonstrated this capacity by making changes in the design of planned investments. Hence, they are less vulnerable to climate impacts, establishing technical working groups to focus on climate change issues and pursuing funding opportunities at the national level—including through national associations of municipalities. CRIS has successfully developed and demonstrated a portfolio of tools to identify climate vulnerabilities, respond to risks, and identify funding sources for adaptation. It has been one of the few field tests of USAID’s CRD Framework, validating the \"development-first\" approach, adding real-world insights, and developing resources to support implementation.\n\nFinally, CRIS has generated helpful information about building city-level climate resilience: it has identified some of the critical elements of success, ways to overcome a range of barriers, and strategies to help ensure long-term continuity. The knowledge gained through CRIS is captured in the lessons described in Section 2 of this report. These lessons fall into five categories: (i) implementing the CRD Framework; (ii) improving the technical capacity of municipal governments and local institutions on climate resilience; (iii) incorporating climate considerations into city decisions and policies; (iv) developing tools to help decision-makers evaluate climate change; and (v) program design and implementation practices. The lessons in this report may be helpful for USAID program managers, adaptation and development practitioners, and other donors focused on climate resilience in urban contexts. To guide future investments and assistance, Section 3 outlines key unmet needs and areas for future work. These areas have been informed by CRIS’s achievements but also by needs that the program has not addressed; they remain as necessary next steps for cities to meet their development goals sustainably.\n", + "Key Findings": "The Framework's Development-First Approach is a critical element of success. The report also noted that cities need support, approaches, and tools to successfully implement the framework and that focus should be on implementation from the start. Further lessons from this case study include:\n•\tAnticipate institutional challenges to sustain cities' internal capacity for climate change. \n•\tEngage and retain the right municipal staff. \n•\tFind advocates for urban resilience. \n•\tLeverage the value of working groups.\n•\tEngage the private sector with a distinct strategy. \n•\tTake advantage of opportunities to introduce climate considerations into decision making.\n•\tBuild ownership and accountability to ensure ongoing work on climate resilience. \n•\tDevelop modular components that can be applied to tailor tools. \n•\tUse decision-ready climate information\n•\tConsider short-term and long-term options in an adaption portfolio. \n•\tCreate peer learning opportunities to promote knowledge transfer--but ensure that resources are available to sustain momentum.\n•\tInvest in pilot selection\n•\tBuild flexible design and city-identified priorities into pilot projects. \n•\tComplement pilot activities by supporting local institutions and experts in an actively managed grant process.\n", + "Key Recommendations": "1. Develop practical approaches to evaluate the net benefits or cost-effectiveness of adaptation\noptions. City officials generally understand the existing vulnerabilities in their infrastructure systems,\nbut they lack approaches for quantifying the costs of future, uncertain climate impacts and the\nbenefits of adaptation options to reduce those risks. Cities need better approaches, skills, and\ninformation that: (i) allow them to project the cost of future impacts from existing cost information\nand past events; (ii) apply climate information to account for uncertainty in the magnitude, frequency,\nand damage from future events, (iii) estimate the costs of adaptation options, and (iv) develop\nfinancial metrics, such as net present value, internal rate of return, or cost-effectiveness that can help\nthem select adaptation options.\n2. Translate climate projections into decision-ready information and disseminate it to cities.\nCollecting and interpreting information on future changes in climate remains one of the largest stumbling blocks to building urban resilience. Future efforts should continue to focus on helping\ncities: (i) identify authoritative climate information available for their region or city, (ii) translate data\non climate change into terms that relate to impacts, metrics, and thresholds that they understand, (iii)\napply this information consistently across municipal functions, and (iv) update data sources with new\ninformation as it comes available. Cities need better strategies for making robust decisions with\nimperfect climate information that may not provide enough resolution or certainty to fully inform\ndecisions. Information technologies, including Geographic Information Systems (GIS), Web-based\napplications, and data visualization tools, play an important role in helping cities access and interpret\nclimate information.\n3. Develop modular components to design tools that are tailored to cities’ own local contexts.\nCities need tools that are tailored to their own municipal decision-making processes. Rather than\ntrying to develop a generic one-size-fits-all approach, CRIS demonstrated the value of developing\nmodular tools that build on common resources and can be scaled to other contexts. These tools were\nbest suited to the pilots for which they were developed, but common components were developed\nthat were useful across tools. These components included climate indicators, climate information\nsummaries, climate stressor-asset relationships, adaptation option libraries, ranking systems, and\nadaptation option evaluation approaches. Instead of disseminating specific, tailored tools that do not\nscale well to other contexts, practitioners should focus on defining and sharing modular components\nthat can be combined to generate specific outputs that align with municipalities’ own decision-\nmaking processes.\n4. Link municipal-level adaptation strategies to provincial and national planning. Cities need to\nbetter leverage funding, resources, capacity, and planning at regional and national levels to support\nadaptation. Donors and practitioners should focus on making these linkages, and can encourage\ncollaboration through peer learning events and activities and by implementing programs that help\ncities and regional actors work together. This vertical collaboration can help mainstream climate\nissues into regional land and watershed management activities, and ensure consideration of urban\nissues as regional strategies are developed. Associations of municipalities are key allies that can help\npromote municipal issues at regional and national levels. Through peer learning opportunities, cities\nmay discover opportunities to cooperate on addressing common issues, increasing their impact at\nprovincial and national levels while improving attractiveness of projects to international funders.\n5. Target the private sector in urban climate resilience strategies. The CRIS program’s focus was\non building municipal capacity, but the private sector actors are also critical financers and developers\nof city infrastructure. Future programs should test the effectiveness of engaging the private sector as\na primary means of promoting urban resilience, and compare this approach with programs focused\non local governments. Practitioners and donors should also encourage better collaboration between\nmunicipalities and the private sector, through peer learning or by mainstreaming climate\nconsiderations into municipal oversight of private sector activities and services (e.g., permitting,\nenvironmental impact assessments, and consultant terms of reference). Municipalities should\ncontinue to explore innovative structures for financing resilient infrastructure through the private\nsector.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.climatelinks.org/sites/default/files/asset/document/USAID%20Climate%20Resilient%20Infrastructure%20Services%20Lessons%20Learned%20FINAL.pdf", + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;", + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Advancing Learning and Market Research;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Environment/Climate Change" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2015" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Jair Eduardo Franzner", + "Peiman Milani" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Brazil" + ], + "Document ID": "1507-Franz-BRA", + "Document Title": "Arroz Vitaminado: Producing Nutritious Rice through Shared Value Partnership", + "Document Summary": "Micronutrient deficiencies—also known as \"hidden hunger\"—are the most widespread global undernutrition challenge, affecting two billion people of all social strata in developing and developed countries. Micronutrient deficiencies disproportionately burden women and children and significantly impact physical growth, cognitive development, immune and reproductive functions, overall health, and productivity. Despite Brazil’s upward economic trajectory and declining poverty rates, micronutrient deficiencies remain a severe problem, especially among women and children. About 40% of children under five suffer from anemia, and nearly 20% have a vitamin A deficiency. This report offers a simple and cost-effective approach to address micronutrient deficiencies in countries with high per capita rice consumption and a relatively concentrated rice industry.\n\nThe report describes that Urbano and PATH established a partnership in 2011 to launch a new line of micronutrient-fortified rice products in the Brazilian market. PATH transferred rice fortification technology to Urbano free of charge in exchange for Urbano’s commitment to launch at least one affordable, general market fortified brand and make fortified grains available to other rice millers. PATH, in collaboration with the Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition (GAIN), partnered with Abiarroz, the Brazilian rice miller association, and the Federal University of Viçosa (UFV), the most respected agribusiness university in the country, to establish a quality verification process that would be marked with a seal. PATH and GAIN also launched an innovative social marketing campaign anchored by endorsements from high-profile national figures. In addition, nutrition scientists from Abbott, a major global healthcare company, have collaborated with PATH to improve Ultra Rice technology through an expanded micronutrient formulation, enhanced iron delivery, improved sensory properties, and cost reduction.\n\nThrough this collaboration, Urbano launched its first fortified rice product in February 2013; currently, both white and parboiled fortified offerings are being commercialized. PATH and Urbano placed promoters in dozens of So Paulo and Rio de Janeiro hypermarkets and supermarkets, many of which had branded tasting booths where they prepared and served fortified-rice samples to customers next to the rice shelves. The strength of the Urbano brand has been instrumental in building consumer trust in a traditional and competitive product category. Despite the successful project launch and the continuous uptick in sales, growth has been slower than anticipated. This is mainly attributable to the weak association; Brazilian consumers make between rice and health, combined with their strong attachment to the category and perceived risk of compromising sensory attributes with a new product that many consumers do not understand well. Key lessons include the following: pricing is not a significant barrier to commercializing fortified rice, and cross-sector collaboration and public sector engagement are very important to accelerate scale and sustainability.\n", + "Key Findings": "Pricing is not a major barrier to commercializing fortified rice and cross-sector collaboration, and public sector engagement in particular, are very important to accelerate scale and sustainability.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://fdocuments.us/document/arroz-vitaminado-producing-nutritious-rice-through-shared-value-.html", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, and Hunting", + "Food & Beverage" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Urbano Agroindustrial", + "PATH" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Shared Value Initiative" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Agriculture and Food Security", + "Health" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "For-profit Commercial Entity" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Latin America and the Carribean" + ], + "Year": "2015" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Sheri Haas", + "Ishrat Husain" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Angola", + "Kenya", + "Madagascar", + "Malawi", + "Niger", + "Nigeria", + "Rwanda", + "Senegal", + "Uganda", + "Sierra Leone", + "Cameroon" + ], + "Document ID": "1507-Haas-MWI", + "Document Title": "Africa Regional Meeting on Digital Health for Overcoming Barriers to Ending Preventable Child and Maternal Deaths and Achieving Universal Health Coverage", + "Document Summary": "From May 12–15, 2015, over 150 government, private sector, and donor participants came together, in Malawi, at the \"Africa Regional Meeting on Digital Health for Overcoming Barriers to Ending Preventable Child and Maternal Deaths and Achieving Universal Health Coverage\" to exchange ideas and information on how to adopt and expand digital health technology. The meeting, co-hosted in collaboration with the Government of Malawi by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) and the United Nations Foundation (UNF), brought together country teams led by government representatives to strengthen and expand opportunities for public-private partnerships in digital health across Africa. The report shares the findings of the meeting.\n\nCarolyn Florey of the UN Foundation noted on the final day the three key themes she saw emerge from the discussion over the event: 1) Partnerships are the foundation of mHealth; 2) exchange and communication—encouraging participants to continue conversations begun in meeting forums; and 3) community—continue to share and learn from one another. Adam Slote of USAID noted that going forward, there is a need to work together to strengthen country ownership, develop national strategies and regulatory frameworks, and further develop enterprise architecture and standards. He encouraged attendees to work together to develop and implement a digital health learning agenda of effectiveness at scale; cost-effectiveness; vertical health interventions; and cross-cutting health systems interventions.\n\nFinally, the report concludes that the government's leadership, working in collaboration with public and private stakeholders, can enable a comprehensive and coordinated national digital health system and achieve economies of scale. The next steps include discussing potential future Africa-led meetings, including a potential high-level summit to establish national platforms for digital health through collaboration across ministries of health and science and technology, the private sector, regulators, and entrepreneurs.\n", + "Key Findings": "Key areas of interest and highlights from the event highlight that \n• Digital finance for health has grown rapidly in Africa and remains a large area of opportunity.\n• Digital health tools exist and new tools are emerging with the potential to strengthen various\naspects of health systems and advance efforts to achieve UHC.\n• Interoperability is critical to make data available for decision-makers.\n• Public-private partnerships are needed and can be attained with focused commitment from\nstakeholders.\n• Governments have facilitated the growth of digital health technology, but accelerated action is\nneeded to scale up innovations that improve health and save lives.\n", + "Key Recommendations": "To officially close the event, Mrs. Fanny Kachale, Director of Reproductive Health at the Ministry of Health in Malawi expressed thanks for the opportunity to hold the meeting and to participate in the successful event. Adam Slote of USAID noted that going forward there is a need to work together to strengthen country ownership and develop national strategies and regulatory frameworks as well as further development of enterprise architecture and standards, and emphasizing interoperability. He encouraged attendees to work together to develop and implement a digital health learning agenda of: effectiveness at scale; cost-effectiveness; vertical health interventions; as well as cross-cutting health systems interventions. The following country teams and organizations received awards for categories voted on by attendees: Kenya and Angola for Best Country Team Presentations, Nigeria and Medic Mobile for Best Gallery Walk Booths, and Malawi for the country with Best Overall Participation. Government leadership working in collaboration with public and private stakeholders can enable a comprehensive and coordinated country digital health system and achieve economies of scale. Next steps include a discussion of potential future Africa-led meetings, including a potential high-level summit to establish national platforms for digital health through collaboration across ministries of health and science and technology, the private sector, regulators and entrepreneurs.", + "Internet URL of Document": "http://www.africanstrategies4health.org/uploads/1/3/5/3/13538666/africa_regional_digital_health_meeting_report_final.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Health Care", + "Technology", + "Telecommunications" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Qualcomm", + "Orange Labs", + "BD Technologies", + "PharmAccess", + "Dimagi", + "GSMA", + "Jembi" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID", + "United Nations Foundation" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Youth" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Health" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Regional Business", + "Formal Sector", + "For-profit approach that generates sustainable income", + "Micro, Small, or Medium Enterprise", + "American Business" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2015" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "International Development Group (IDG)" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Liberia" + ], + "Document ID": "1507-Inter-LBR", + "Document Title": "Learning, Evaluation & Analysis Project-II (LEAP-II): Liberia Energy Sector Support Program (LESSP) Performance and Monitoring Evaluation -- Final Report", + "Document Summary": "This document is a Liberia Energy Sector Support Program Performance Monitoring and Evaluation Report. The primary purpose of the evaluation is to determine if the assistance provided met stated development objectives and to understand the lessons learned from implementing the LESSP. USAID/Liberia seeks a clear picture of program accomplishments and weaknesses, since inception, including management issues that can help inform and recommend changes in implementation approach to ensure the successful completion of the program objectives and the focus for future energy programming initiatives. This evaluation report determines if the assistance provided by USAID met the stated development objectives and to understand the lessons learned from the implementation of the Liberia Energy Sector Support Program (ESSP), seeking a clear picture of program accomplishments and weaknesses, since inception, including management issues that can help inform and recommend changes in implementation approach to assure successful completion of the program objectives and the focus for future energy programming initiatives. The report describes the effectiveness of the infrastructure planning/construction oversight approach, the institutional framework and capacity building, and the overall project positioning and strategy for the phase‐out of USAID assistance.\n\nThe methodology for the performance evaluation of LESSP included a desk review, key informant interviews (KIIs), and site visits. The Team used a Risk Assessment Framework (RAF) to evaluate potential risks and impacts that may lead to the failure of the various program elements. The primary purpose of the risk assessment is to consider the consequences if an investment decision or action fails. The Team assessed and assigned a classification to eight focus areas, which include: Selection of contractors for Kwendin and Sorlumba, Construction cost overrun, Technology selection, Capacity building at Gbarnway, Capacity building at Sorlumba, lack or preparedness and limited Capacity, Capacity building at Kwendin; lack or preparedness and limited Capacity, Capacity building at GOL counterpart organizations RREA and MLME, and Cost Recovery.", + "Key Findings": "• Use a strategic management approach rather than activity‐focus to achieve development objectives (Dos).\n• Counterpart “ownership” is critical for success.\n• Communication with counterparts is essential.\n• Capacity building should be strategic and focused.\n", + "Key Recommendations": "Any future program should consider the following factors:\n• Take into account the limited local resources, lack of pertinent quality data and logistical challenges as well as lessons learned from prior engagements.\n• Be flexible in the design to allow the implementing partner to achieve the objectives the best way possible by employing tools including value engineering/value analysis in the case of engineering/construction projects.\n• Be focused (with attendant performance monitoring and evaluation) instead of trying to accomplish too many initiatives at the same time. Project objectives should be in line with national policy and development goals.\n• Engage stakeholders early in the planning and development process and seek local champions to take ownership of the project to facilitate sustainability.\n", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/pa00kkq7.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Energy" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Conflict" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Environment/Climate Change" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2015" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Daniel Gilman", + "Eric James" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "1507-JAMES-GLO", + "Document Title": "Shrinking the Supply Chain: Hyperlocal Manufacturing and 3D printing in Humanitarian Response", + "Key Findings": "1. There is an opportunity for new technology or strategies to simultaneously reduce reliance on complex international supply chains, empower local markets, and provide tailored goods and\nproducts by producing them at the “hyperlocal” level.\n2. These technologies include high-tech applications, such as three-dimensional (3D) printing, and low-tech solutions, such as producing goods from recycled and local materials.\n\nMany of these technologies are only just beginning to be used in humanitarian response. But existing pilot projects indicate great potential, particularly in the areas of specialized items and prototyping, combined with the ever-increasing availability and \n affordability of the technology.", + "Key Recommendations": "To help ensure that hyperlocal manufacturing technology\nbenefits people affected by disasters, the humanitarian\ncommunity can help catalyse and accelerate progress by:\n1. Encouraging further study and research around\nhyperlocal manufacturing\n2. Engaging with the private sector\n3. Fostering links and collaboration\n4. Expanding support for scaling innovation", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.unocha.org/sites/unocha/files/Shrinking%20the%20Supply%20Chain.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Technology" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "HELIOS", + "AidMatrix", + "MyMiniFactory.com" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities", + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "UNOCHA" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Humanitarian Assistance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Industry Publication", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "For-profit Commercial Entity", + "Formal Sector" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2015" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Margaret Karuri", + "Giovanni Recchi", + "Kamal Burhan", + "Abdul Bari Siddiqi" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Afghanistan" + ], + "Document ID": "1507-Karur-AFG", + "Document Title": "Financial Access for Investing in the Development of Afghanistan", + "Document Summary": "This document is a final performance Evaluation of the Financial Access for Investing in the Development of Afghanistan (FAIDA) program. The United States Agency for International Development (USAID) produced this report for review. It was prepared under contract with Checchi and Company Consulting, Inc. for USAID’s Afghanistan “Services under Program and Project Offices for Results Tracking Phase II” (SUPPORT II) project. This performance evaluation examines FAIDA’s success in achieving its objectives from 2011 through 2014. \n\nThe Evaluation Team used a mix of quantitative and qualitative approaches to gathering data to answer the above questions. The methodology included a desk review of important program documents, key informant interviews with stakeholders and beneficiaries, and focus group discussions (FGDs) with beneficiaries and participants in FAIDA-sponsored events. The Evaluation Team conducted fieldwork in Kabul, Nangarhar, Balkh, Herat, and Kandahar provinces. In all, 31 senior-level finance and management officials were interviewed, and five types of FGDs with 159 participants (91 men and 68 women) were conducted. The Evaluation Team was challenged by the low turnout of the FGDs – on one occasion, the turnout was zero. Other constraints included insecurity, which limited travel; illiteracy, which required the Evaluation Team to provide participants with additional help in filling out survey forms; and the time gap between when assistance was received and the time of this evaluation, resulting in some participants forgetting FAIDA’s work.", + "Key Findings": "• According to FAIDA’s data, the program created 5,396 full-time equivalent (FTE) jobs, 1,522 (28%) of which are for women.\n• As a result of FAIDA’s assistance, 4,414 finance-sector employees received training to improve their job performance and skills.\n• FAIDA included a gender mainstreaming component that was designed to better integrate women into the financial sector.\n• FAIDA provided technical and finance assistance to mobile network operators (MNOs) to introduce new products and services and to expand the use of mobile money.\n• FAIDA’s policy interventions aimed to improve the enabling environment for private sector-led financial sector development.\n", + "Key Recommendations": "1. Separate direct and indirect FTEs and report them as they are.\n\n2. Resolve the existing embargo on the Central Bank to open the way for FAIDA and other US government projects to intervene effectively in supporting regulations that would create an enabling environment for a progressive and thriving financial sector.\n\n3. Endeavor to identify more businesswomen and assist them through the process of preparing their loan applications and documentation.\n\n4. Allow MNOs to lead the expansion of Mobile Money services based on their best business practices.\n\n5. Broaden the range of participants invited to matchmaking events and avoid recycling same people in these functions/events.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00KPPP.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Financial Services" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments", + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth", + "Conflict" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Afghanistan and Pakistan" + ], + "Year": "2015" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Lisa Laumann" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "1507-Lauma-MLT", + "Document Title": "Household Economic Strengthening in Support of Prevention of Family-Child Separation and Children's Reintegration in Family Care", + "Document Summary": "This paper summarizes learning related to the prevention of family-child separation, reintegration of children in family care, and economic interventions that might support these aims. It informs the focus and development of a project that aims to use rigorous research to develop the evidence base related to how household-level economic strengthening interventions in low- and middle-income countries can help prevent the separation of children from their families and assist in reintegrating separated children in family care. This report provides an accessible resource to help practitioners envision and design programming together for child protection and economic strengthening. The paper draws on recent literature reviews, studies, program reports, resource documents, and other gray literature to briefly describe the domain of work called economic strengthening (ES) or household economic strengthening (HES). It also provides an overview of children outside of family care and highlights international policy frameworks and guidance relevant to these children. It then addresses what causes family-child separation, what prevention of family-child separation and reintegration of children in family care programs look like, what economic interventions they include, what is the state of evidence about HES and other economic interventions in support of preventing separation and reintegrating children in family care, and what can programs aim at preventing separation and reintegrating children in family care learn from programs that involve economic activities to improve outcomes for vulnerable children? \n\nThis paper then reviews the findings, makes recommendations, and proposes several questions for further research. A substantial proportion of the existing studies and gray literature that touch on children outside of family care or care of orphans and vulnerable children (OVC) focuses on children affected by HIV/AIDS. This paper takes a broader view of children outside of family care. It considers programming addressing other reasons for family-child separation, although it draws on the literature on the HIV/AIDS-affected child population.", + "Key Findings": "The report notes that there is a diversity of drivers of family-child separation and more to learn about decision-making leading to family-child separation and calls for comprehensive approaches to support children’s reintegration in family care and prevent family-child separation. Child-focused programs are more effective at addressing child-level outcomes while income support for consumption may address multiple drivers of family-child separation. However, More evidence is needed on HES interventions and their impact on children.", + "Key Recommendations": "• Link families with government-led social protection and local economic empowerment programs where relevant and appropriate.\n• Consider holding emergency funds to help families reintegrating children or at very high risk of separation cope with shocks.\n• Investigate sequenced HES approaches with realistic expectations, bearing in mind both family and implementing agency capacity, programming timeframes, and geographic constraints.\n• Work on tools and approaches to capture separation risk and durability of reintegration, taking into account the challenges associated with finding and reaching the small proportion of children at risk of separation or reintegrating into family care.\n• Hypothesize and test causal pathways related to HES interventions and drivers of family-child separation.\n", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://bettercarenetwork.org/sites/default/files/Household%20Economic%20Strengthening%20in%20Support%20of%20Prevention%20of%20Family-Child%20Separation%20and%20Children%27s%20Reintegration%20in%20Family%20Care.pdf", + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "FHI 360" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth", + "Conflict" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "Systematic review or Meta-analysis", + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2015" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Michael Lightfoot", + "Manizha Wafeq", + "Aimee Rose", + "Burhanuddin Kamal", + "Ronald Santos" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Afghanistan" + ], + "Document ID": "1507-Light-AFG", + "Document Title": "Final Performance Evaluation and Sustainability Assessment of the Building Livelihoods and Trade (BLT) Activity", + "Document Summary": "This report provides an evaluation finding of the Turquoise Mountain Trust (TMT) over the seven years that it has benefited from USAID funding; and assesses the sustainability of the operations at TMT into a future that cannot guarantee donor funding in perpetuity. The report investigated the work of the Turquoise Mountain Institute (TMI), where the craft training took place. \n \nThe report highlights that the vocational training of the Turquoise Mountain Institute provided many young people, particularly those from poor socio-economic backgrounds, with some viable craft skills through which to make a living. Moreover, the vision with which the Turquoise Mountain initiative was founded has transformed a formerly derelict area of Kabul into a thriving community. As the funding for the first phase of its existence draws to a close, the time is ripe for a reappraisal of the objectives and priorities at the trust. Ambitious plans exist for establishing a new wholly-owned private company through which trading TM-sourced artisanal products can be facilitated. It is proposed that a draw-down fund will fund TMI for approximately ten years, as was proposed at the outset of the program with USAID. This goal has been met through private fundraising. The evaluation team recommends that the plans for the future be revisited in light of the findings of this report, including opportunities for generating revenue through the institute's assets. The report concludes that:\n• The cost of vocational training at TMI is unsustainably high\n• The current training is not fully meeting the needs of the Afghan craft industries, as many of the graduates are not a job- or market-ready\n• TMT’s priorities are currently focused on trading and market development\n• The supply chain to support this market is very fragile\n• The rehabilitation work is valuable and must be protected; a continued focus on community relations is important\n", + "Key Findings": "• Livelihoods \nFrom TMI almost 20 percent of graduates progress to university or further study – mostly observed among calligraphy graduates. In recognition of their skills and aptitude, the graduates from the calligraphy specialization are, normally, exempted from the first year of study for a Fine Arts degree at Kabul University Just over half of the graduates remain in craft trades; many of the graduates work in fledgling businesses that are heavily reliant upon TM for support. Through its wider activities in sector, TM has achieved $3.5 million of craft export sales on behalf of Afghan artisans and businesses, which did not exist before the project commenced its work. \n\n• Trade The TM business development department is currently working with 20 businesses – many in Murad Khane area. Of these 20 businesses, 11 are government-registered, and 12 have been operating for two years or less. The brand recognition and reputation of the TM name is successful in generating prestigious large one-off bespoke orders, e.g. a Saudi hotel commission; and repeat bulk orders from ethical traders in North America – e.g., Far and Wide and Bajalia jewelers. Typically, the orders for the international market are sourced by TM from businesses that are able to produce goods of the required quality. Overall TM has supported 15 businesses to export.\n\n• Quality\n TM has demonstrated its capacity to fulfill orders with a consistency and quality that meet the demands of the international market. Quality of the product is often achieved at the expense of diversity of supply – only a relatively small number of craft (mostly jewelry) businesses in Afghanistan regularly work with TM to fulfill orders for the international market. The quality of the TM graduates is generally mixed – it is reported that, although some have excellent craft skills, many graduates lack job-ready skills, business awareness, English-language skills, and computer literacy. \n\n• Rehabilitation\n TM transformed Murad Khane from a wasteland into an historical treasure. The health and education services established by TM are highly valued by the community. TM provided electricity supply, water pipes, and sanitation for residents, cleared and leveled the streets, and removed thousands of cubic meters of refuse and accumulated detritus from the area. Residents noted that the water infrastructure is no longer functional and they have concerns about the maintenance of their homes and the communal drainage system. While TM accepts responsibility for cleaning the draining system and assisting with particular large repairs, it does not accept responsibility for other work. About a quarter of families interviewed complained that TM works for those who have connections with the right people. TM clarified that they are not making promises of assistance; at a minimum, the evaluation team believes that these community responses point to some miscommunication. \n\n• Cost \nThe unit cost of TM training is currently very high: more than $20,000 per graduate for the three-year program. The current cost base at TMI is unsustainable; staffing levels are high; training is inconsistent and not always of high quality, even in the specialist craft areas; three years of full-time study is too long and not suited to the requirements of many craft trades; and the awarding of a stipend to students, while being an excellent pro-poor policy, has not always been justifiable since several young people have been incentivized to study at TMI in the absence of any particular interest, ambition, or aptitude in handicrafts An apprenticeship scheme with part-time attendance at TMI would be welcomed by the trades and the companies that the evaluation team consulted. \n\n• Gender \nAs almost all similar endeavors in Afghanistan, the BLT project has benefitted more male artisans and businesspeople than female artisans and business people. The evaluation team focused on the extent to which women participated and benefitted from the project. TMI has, for the most part, been careful in its recruitment to maintain a female student population of at least 25 percent, though currently the proportion has fallen to below 20 percent. Women are concentrated in calligraphy, with several in jewelry but few women in the other trades and crafts. There are eight female staff out of 57 TMI employees; five are teachers. A small number of notably successful female businesses have been founded, e.g., Samira Kitman and her Muftah-e-Hunar Foundation (since 2010); and fledgling jewelry companies that are nurtured under the wing of TM. Independence from Donor Support Projections show TMI to be self-sustaining, funded by endowment / drawdown funding for at least the next ten years. The current high cost base at TMI means that cost reduction measures must be implemented to ensure the viability of these sustainability projections. TMI has the potential to be a ‘profit’ rather than a ‘cost’ center and thereby be in a stronger position to ensure sustainability after five-to-ten years. Growth figures showing income generation from international sales require big capacity expansion from the supply chain.\n\n• Sustainable Public-Private Partnerships\nTM has built successful commercial relationships with several ethical traders in the UK and US, e.g., Kate Spade and Bajalia, and repeat orders are forthcoming. Turquoise Mountain has developed a strong brand and reputation. It has collaborated on discrete projects with other companies in the sector, but its relationships with the Afghan government agencies responsible for international trade are less well-developed. Ambitious plans for a sector-wide ‘Brand Afghanistan’ are in their early stages of formulation. The potential for developing PPPs through TM is evident from their past performance; TM has a strong track record in generating and increasing sales for the craft sector, with demonstrable year on year growth. \n\n• Viable Independent Businesses and Quality Jobs \nA small number of enterprises with which TM collaborates are strongly business-savvy. TM supports fledgling businesses (currently 20, both male and female), seven of which are, at the moment, in its ‘business incubator’ operation. TM graduates’ business-ready skills are, though, somewhat weak. The majority of international sales are brokered by TM, but 88 percent of TMI graduates find access to local markets without the intervention of TM\n", + "Key Recommendations": "• The Board of Trustees (BOT) should conduct a thorough review of the quality of the programs and activities at the TMI so that they are delivered to the highest standard and in the most cost-effective manner, and so the skills of the graduates are more closely aligned to labor market needs. The review needs to assess the viability of TMI as a\nmixed-economy learning establishment with, for example, full- and part-time craft programs; short course delivery to businesses and the local community; postgraduate research; and international collaboration with vocational colleges, universities, and institutes of higher education.\n\n• The management at TMT and the BOT must ensure that ambitious plans for the commercial developments of the Trust, with the formation of an independent for-profit trading arm, do not become a distraction to the core purpose and principles upon which TMT was founded. In particular, TMI should be kept under constant scrutiny and review\nto ensure that the courses are suitable to prevailing market conditions, are of high quality, and are aligned to students’ and employers’ needs.\n\n• On the basis of TM’s declared aim to build a strong Afghan brand through internationa market recognition, the management should work with other NGOs and local Afghan agencies to play a greater role, collectively, in the quality assurance and collaborative marketing of the products of ‘Brand Afghanistan.’ TM is well-placed, through its reputation and independence, to authenticate and verify many of the indigenous arts and craft products and, in particular, gemstones. The formation of an independent laboratory for gemstone and materials testing and verification is an example of one tangible way in which TM could use its good offices for the greater good of Afghanistan trade.\n\n• TM should re-examine relationships and communication with the Murad Khane community, keeping in mind that the community is not static. Periodic efforts to update the community – both men and women – are important to containing the spread of misinformation and managing expectations. At the same time, it may be worth examining\nwhether favoritism affects relationships with the community and how it can be curtailed. TM might consider additional monitoring methods to ensure that resources are being fairly distributed.\n\n• TM should consider working with the community to draft written responsibilities so that it is clear what the institute will do to assist with the maintenance of structures, garbage collection, drainage, and other essential services, and for what the community and/or shura is responsible. Consulting the Ministry of Culture and Information in the process is also advised, as it currently has responsibility for historical city preservation.\n", + "Internet URL of Document": "http://afghandata.org:8080/xmlui/bitstream/handle/20.500.12138/20033/azu_acku_pamphlet_ds375_k2_f563_2015_w.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Arts and entertainment", + "Engineering & Construction", + "Retail" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Pippa Small", + "Hattie Rickards", + "Zara Simon", + "Kate Spade", + "Bajalia", + "Peter Pennoyer Architects" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Reputation and Credible Convening Power" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Education and Social Services", + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "Impact Evaluation Report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Multi-national Business", + "American Business", + "Formal Sector", + "Large Enterprise", + "For-profit Commercial Entity" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Afghanistan and Pakistan" + ], + "Year": "2015" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Pamela Putney", + "Nedjma Koval-Saifi", + "Huda Murad", + "Wisam Qarqash" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Jordan" + ], + "Document ID": "1507-Putne-JOR", + "Document Title": "Strengthening Health Outcomes Through the Private Sector (SHOPS) Final Performance Evaluation", + "Document Summary": "The final performance evaluation report of USAID's Strengthening Health Outcomes through the Private Sector (SHOPS) supports USAID's decision-making for future program design and implementation and for effective allocation of resources, particularly as they relate to investments in the Jordan Association of Family Planning and Protection (JAFPP) and with private sector doctors. The report intends to provide an evidence-based analysis of how effective the project was in meeting its objectives of increasing the demand for, access to, and quality of family planning services; assessing the sustainability of project outcomes and practices; identifying factors contributing to outcomes and sustainability; and provides recommendations on how to make future projects with similar objectives more effective and more sustainable. \n\nThe SHOP's evaluation employed multiple data sources, including desk review, in-depth interviews, focus groups, and clinic observations. Surveys were conducted with 133 network doctors, 141 pharmacists, and 375 CHW-referred clients of SHOPS family planning services. Pharmacists were randomly selected within the north, center, and south regions. Focus groups were conducted with 19 clients and 25 CHWs to gain different perspectives. A sample of 16 grantee clinics was selected to cover all grantee organizations in the north, south, and central areas. In addition, JAFPP clinics were selected based on performance in cost recovery, representing the top three performers, three of the bottom five performers, and two average performers. Due to client confidentiality reasons, the evaluation could access clients only through CHW records at CCA and GUVS. As such, client responses may be biased (positively or negatively) by CHW interaction. Data collected through the survey, key informant interviews, and focus groups are self-reported and present possible limitations.", + "Key Findings": "SHOPS’ assistance built JAFPP systems to the point where they can operate sustainably however JAFPP leadership is not inclined toward sustainability.\n\nSHOPS increased demand for, access to, and quality of FP services with targeted clients, however, cultural norms and practices and norms that were not addressed through SHOPS are likely to have\ndiluted the results to effect of reducing fertility to slow population growth.\n\nDespite extensive awareness-raising by CHWs that increased acceptance of FP among low-income women, misconceptions about modern contraceptives remain pervasive.\n\nWhile demand-based interventions such as coupons, vouchers, CHW outreach and referral were not designed for financial sustainability of intervention, clinic purchases and renovations, capacity building and systems instituted within partnering organizations were designed to be maintained, used, and sustained\nby partners.\n\nSHOPS’ M&E plan did not have a documented theory of change, nor did it list assumptions upon which the design was based.", + "Key Recommendations": "1. If JAFPP sustainability is a priority for USAID, a Project Implementation Letter (PIL) or Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) stating this agreement should be signed with JAFPP. \n2. Assistance to JAFPP should focus on clinic decentralization and facilitating clinics to operate as individual business units (profit centers).\n3. Financial assistance to JAFPP should be predicated on meeting performance targets, and funding should be provided in tranches conditional upon meeting benchmarks such as cost recovery targets. \n4. USAID should support market research to determine whether JAFPP could increase cost recovery and its client base by offering a wider range of medical services for families as a one- stop shop for all maternal and child health needs.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://jordankmportal.com/resources/strengthening-health-outcomes-through-the-private-sector-shops-final-performance-evaluation", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Pharmaceuticals", + "Health Care" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Health" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Middle East" + ], + "Year": "2015" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Flavia Ramos-Mattoussi", + "Venus Caballero" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Paraguay" + ], + "Document ID": "1507-Ramos-PRY", + "Document Title": "External Evaluation of the Women's Leadership Program in Paraguay", + "Document Summary": "This document is an external evaluation of the WOMEN’S LEADERSHIP PROGRAM IN PARAGUAY. The end-of-project evaluation of the WLPP project was conducted to help inform HED, implementing partners, and relevant stakeholders on the overall vital achievements and outcomes of the WLP Paraguay partnership program, the effectiveness of the project and its integrated design in achieving intended results, and sustainability of the initiatives implemented by the UF/UNA-FCA partnership. To achieve these goals, this report examines various aspects of the program: (1) efficiency of management processes and systems; (2) relevance of program design; (3) effectiveness of program implementation; (4) impact of program intervention; and (5) potential for program sustainability. \n\nFollowing a review of the evaluation questions during the initial briefing and subsequent discussions with HED staff, the evaluation team applied several data collection tools to address the categories of questions included in the HED evaluation framework and other questions that emerged during the review of documents and fieldwork. This evaluation examines the WLPP’s initiatives to generate knowledge about how higher education partnerships can promote gender equality and female empowerment. In the first data collection phase, the Team conducted document analyses and interviewed select critical informants, including faculty and staff from UF, UNA-FCA, and HED. The second phase involves fieldwork in Paraguay, site visits, administration of survey questionnaires, interviews with key informants, and focus group discussions with participants and program beneficiaries. The third and fourth phases of the evaluation included data analysis and reporting findings, respectively. ", + "Key Findings": "The Women’s Leadership Program in Paraguay not only designed and implemented relevant initiatives, it influenced the ways the academic units within UNA-FCA are managed, by engaging faculty and administrators in the design of new policies, creating new courses, and breaking some of the boundaries between the\nuniversity and civil society organizations.\n\nThe management system employed by the WLPP team allowed for synergies to emerge within the UNA-FCA.\n\nOne of the greatest achievements of UF-UNA/FCA partnership was the curricular revision of the five disciplines that make up the academic programs of the college of agricultural sciences.\n\nOne of the pillars of the gender mainstreaming process, occurring at UNA/FCA, was the training provided by the team from the University of Florida to the WLPP team, FCA faculty and other invited guests.\n\nThe program staff contributed in many forms to the success of the Center for Leadership—with the design and delivery of the gender and leadership workshops, recruitment and selection of mentors, matching of students and internship sites, etc.", + "Key Recommendations": "1. Implement gender policies with support from public and private partnerships.\n2. Build UNA/FCA capacity to integrate gender in the curriculum.\n3. Improve the effectiveness of program areas related to gender and leadership training, and engagement of agricultural school directors, teachers, NGO staff, and UNA/FCA faculty in the promotion of gender equity and institutionalization of gender education.\n4. Use communication channels for raising awareness of gender issues in the agricultural sector.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Flavia_Ramos-Mattoussi/publication/326785756_External_Evaluation_of_the_Women's_Leadership_Program_in_Paraguay_Evaluation_Report/links/5c82c44c92851c695063f110/External-Evaluation-of-the-Womens-Leadership-Program-in-Paraguay-Evaluation-Report.pdf", + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth", + "Conflict" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Education and Social Services" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Latin America and the Carribean" + ], + "Year": "2015" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "John Bosco Asiimwe", + "Julian Bagyendera", + "Andrew Balyeku", + "William Emmet", + "Namudda Jolly", + "Albert Kalangwa", + "Joy Mukaire", + "Edgar Mulogo", + "Caroline Nabacwa", + "Evelyn Namubira", + "Xavier Nsabagasani", + "Nathan Nshakira", + "Vincent Owarwo", + "Eric Sewagudde", + "Barbara Tamale", + "Joel Tamale", + "Charlotte Zikusooka" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Uganda" + ], + "Document ID": "1507-USAID-UGA", + "Document Title": "USAID/Uganda’s District-Based Technical Assistance (DBTA) Model as Applied under Strengthening Tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS Responses (STAR) Projects in East, East-Central, and South-West Uganda", + "Document Summary": "This evaluation report establishes the extent of efficiency and effectiveness of USAID/Uganda’s district-based technical assistance (DBTA) project model as applied across the three STAR projects. The report comprehensively analyzes the implementation process and results achieved through USAID/Uganda’s DBTA model. For the evaluation, the study applied a cross-sectional design using quantitative and qualitative data collection and analysis methods. Key informant interviews (KIIs) and focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted with informants from the Ministry of Health, USAID/Uganda’s health office staff, and representatives of programs and projects allied with the DBTA/STAR projects. \n\nThe report highlights that the three DBTA/STAR programs have achieved the program objectives and intermediate results to a large extent, especially concerning increasing the availability and accessibility of HIV/AIDS and TB services. There were no significant differences across the regions regarding implementation approaches and results. The evaluation team found that most DBTA approaches were successful and appropriate for improving accessibility, quality, availability of integrated health service delivery, and health financing and management. The most successful approaches were mentorship and training, HIV/AIDS and TB care integration, and establishing community linkages.\n", + "Key Findings": "• Approaches implemented under the DBTA/STAR programs: The most successful approaches toward strengthening the institutional, management, and human capacity of CSOs and local governments to deliver health services included mentorship and training, integration of HIV/AIDS and TB services at lower-level health facilities, establishment of community linkages for HIV/AIDS and TB services, a commodity-tracking system to reduce stock outs, and the strengthening of laboratory services.\n\n• The effect of transition: Transition of direct implementation of district-led healthcare management activities from the STARs projects to district grants through SDS was more difficult in STAR-EC and STAR-E. In these regions, SDS was preceded by the STAR projects, whereas in STAR-SW, SDS was launched together with the STAR project, resulting in better collaboration during early implementation.\n\n• Sustainability: The STAR program developed and strengthened management and technical structures at the local-government and health-facility levels.\n", + "Key Recommendations": "1. To strengthen DBTA capacity-building approaches, design future DBTA projects to address the strengthening of multiple components of the health system, since many factors affect technical assistance uptake.\n2. Clearly delineate roles, responsibilities, and programmatic parameters among multiple programs working in the same district to improve coordination and collaboration.\n3. Invest in developing the leadership capacity of existing health management committees (HMC) at the health-facility level to improve the quality assurance linkage between the health services and the communities served.\n4. In collaboration with the DBTA’s participating districts, establish and maintain a database to determine the extent of cost sharing among districts, with reference to DBTA interventions to improve long-term sustainability.\n5. Continue to support maintenance and utilization of the LQAS methodology for data collection, strategic planning, and improvement of programs.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/055d/c783e6faf6d3405fca365bf7956940b577b0.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Financial Services", + "Telecommunications", + "Media" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships", + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Health" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Financial Institution, Investors, and Intermediaries" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2015" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "United States Government Accountability Office (GAO)" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Guatemala", + "El Salvador", + "Honduras", + "Mexico" + ], + "Document ID": "1507-USGAO-MLT", + "Document Title": "Central America: Improved Evaluation Efforts Could Enhance Agency Programs to Reduce Unaccompanied Child Migration", + "Document Summary": "This performance audit report reviews (1) U.S. assistance in El Salvador, Guatemala, and Honduras addressing agency-identified causes of UAC migration; (2) how agencies have determined where to locate these assistance efforts; and (3) the extent to which agencies have developed processes to assess the effectiveness of programs seeking to address UAC migration. The report provides a reasonable basis for its findings and conclusions based on the audit objectives. \n\nTo address the review objectives, the study team obtained written responses from agency officials identifying programs targeted at addressing agency-identified causes of the rapid increase in UAC migration. The team then obtained and analyzed documentation for these programs. To understand broader strategies underlying these programs, the study reviewed various strategic and planning documents specific to El Salvador, Guatemala, and Honduras, including the Department of State (State) and U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) Integrated Country Strategies, USAID Country Development Cooperation Strategies (CDCS), State annual operating plans, and State Bureau of International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs (INL) country plans for each country; the Partnership for Growth El Salvador—United States Joint Country Action Plan; and the Millennium Challenge Corporation (MCC) compact with El Salvador. The study also reviewed several interagency strategic and planning documents regarding U.S. engagement with Central America, including the U.S. Strategy for Engagement in Central America and the U.S. Strategy to Combat Transnational Organized Crime.", + "Key Findings": "U.S. agencies have sought to address causes of unaccompanied alien child (UAC) migration through recent programs, such as information campaigns to deter migration, developed in response to the migration increase and other long-standing efforts. The recent migration increase was likely triggered, according to U.S. officials, by several emergent factors such as the increased presence and sophistication of human smugglers (known as coyotes) and confusion over U.S. immigration policy. Officials also noted that certain persistent conditions such as violence and poverty have worsened in certain countries. In addition to long-standing efforts, such as U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) antipoverty programs, agencies have taken new actions. For example, Department of Homeland Security (DHS)-led investigative units have increasingly sought to disrupt human smuggling operations.", + "Key Recommendations": "GAO recommends that DHS and State take steps to integrate evaluations into their planning for, and implementation of, future information campaigns intended to deter migration. GAO also recommends that DHS establish performance targets for its investigative units. DHS concurred with both recommendations, and State concurred with the one recommendation directed to it.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.gao.gov/assets/680/671724.pdf", + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Reputation and Credible Convening Power" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "United States Government Accountability Office (GAO)" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Youth", + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Conflict" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Humanitarian Assistance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "USAID Region": [ + "Latin America and the Carribean" + ], + "Year": "2015" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "American Council on Education" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Morocco", + "Tunisia", + "Egypt", + "Jordan", + "Lebanon" + ], + "Document ID": "1508-Ameri-MLT", + "Document Title": "Workforce Development and Entrepreneurship Education in the Middle East & North Africa: Case Studies on Community College and Technical Education Partnerships", + "Document Summary": "This case study report is an outgrowth of the presentations and discussions from the final Middle East and North Africa (BMENA) regional Partners Meeting held in Marrakesh, Morocco, in December 2014, which brought together individuals from all partnerships to reflect on their collaboration and the legacy they will leave behind. The report highlights that engagement of community colleges in development work promotes excellent opportunities for workforce education to respond to the economic needs of global communities. Community colleges' flexible and responsive nature allows for nimble adjustments in diverse environments. Using a capacity-building approach and adopting a strength-based view of students and institutions translates across cultures. Community colleges are in the business of hope. That hope is accomplished with perseverance and work. They are supporting and expanding community colleges' opportunities to engage in partnerships that promote development for all interests. \n\nWhile literature and reports exist on the community college model in international development, only some available resources are grounded in the community college experience in implementing international capacity-development projects. The nine case studies presented in this report fill this gap with practical lessons learned and recommendations from the field. The case studies illustrate the challenges and opportunities for community college contributions to human and institutional capacity building in international development. The case studies illuminate community colleges' positive roles and contributions and reflect on recommended processes for community colleges to engage in these international development activities. While the subsequent case studies in this volume reflect upon the process of implementing partnership-based workforce development and entrepreneurship education projects, including lessons learned and best practices, the report highlights the achievements and results of these partnerships. ", + "Key Findings": "Some of the common themes that partners chose to highlight\ninclude:\n• Effective teaching methods or curriculum development for workforce development or entrepreneurship education\n• Establishing, utilizing, and/or sustaining public-private partnerships or other campus-community partnerships or higher education consortia to support reform\n• Institutional systems development and/or policy change for sustaining workforce development of entrepreneurship education programs in a higher education institution\n• Overcoming traditional mindsets to implement entrepreneurship programs\n• Recognizing local strengths to link academic programs with employment and work-based learning opportunities\n• Foundations of strategic partnerships and understanding stakeholder engagement in new ways", + "Key Recommendations": "• Mutual benefit is apparent for all members\n• The project goals and partnership activities are reflective of leadership priorities\n• Professional development is ongoing, adds value, and is immediately applicable\n• Given the importance of external resources, seek such assistance from similar\nentities in the community as well as from NGOs and governmental agencies\n• Active support and advocacy from within the funding agency to assist in\nnavigating processes and reinforcing the legitimacy of the partnership", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00KND5.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Educational Services", + "Engineering & Construction" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Consolidated Contractors Company (CCC)", + "Al-Quds College (AQC)" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Ability to Influence Policy", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities", + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Reputation and Credible Convening Power", + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth", + "Conflict" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Education and Social Services" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Multi-national Business", + "For-profit approach that generates sustainable income", + "Formal Sector", + "Large Enterprise", + "Local Business", + "Micro, Small, or Medium Enterprise" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Middle East", + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2015" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Aspen Network of Development Entrepreneurs" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "1508-Aspen-GLO", + "Document Title": "Entrepreneurship and Acceleration: Questions from the Field", + "Key Findings": "In many respects, our data support the hypotheses laid out by our colleagues at the Unreasonable Group. Ventures with at least one-woman founder tend to report (slightly) higher revenue and employment levels. However, when it comes to attracting equity investment, they lag behind ventures with all-male founding teams; especially when they have prior entrepreneurial experience and when they work in the developed world. A closer look at the figures in this brief, however, suggests that the most problematic outcomes are found among ventures with all-women founding teams. These 325 ventures lag behind the other three categories when it comes to revenue and employment generation, and when it comes to attracting early-stage equity and debt financing. They also tend to launch ventures with less prior entrepreneurial experience and tend to have the hardest time getting into accelerator programs. To the extent that we believe there is promise in these ventures – along with the other ventures with at least one-woman founder – we must think about how to ensure that this promise is realized.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.galidata.org/assets/report/pdf/Entrepreneurship_and_Acceler.pdf", + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Aspen Network of Development Entrepreneurs (ANDE)" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2015" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Elizabeth Freudenberger" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "1508-Freud-MLT", + "Document Title": "Sectoral Synthesis of 2013-2014 Evaluation Findings", + "Document Summary": "This document is a Sectoral Synthesis of 2013–2014 Evaluation Findings, produced for review by the United States Agency for International Development. Elizabeth Freudenberger, Management Systems International for the E3 Analytics and Evaluation Project, prepared it. This study builds upon the success of the Bureau for Economic Growth, Education and Environment (USAID)-E3 Sectoral Synthesis of 2012 Evaluation Findings by reviewing evaluations against more detailed criteria related to technical and sectoral lessons learned, as well as adding a structured review of the quality of the evaluation reports. In addition to providing E3 staff and Missions with an overview of what has been learned overall and for specific sectors in which USAID works, the results of this study intend to inform USAID strategy and project development. This study examines the project results, critical lessons learned, areas for improvement, and innovative practices as presented in the evaluation reports. It also provides review findings for cross-cutting topics such as gender equality and women’s empowerment, private sector engagement, and governance. This report presents the overarching, as well as sector-specific, findings from each of these areas.\n\nThree data collection tools were used in carrying out this study. The first was a content analysis questionnaire designed to extract substantive findings from evaluation reports, completed for each evaluation by a reviewer from the E3 Bureau. Second, the E3 Analytics and Evaluation Project team rated each assessment using the checklist rater’s guide and scoring system used in USAID’s 2009-2012 Agency-wide Meta-Evaluation. The E3 Office of Gender Equality created the third tool used and Women’s Empowerment and the E3 Analytics and Evaluation Project, to document how gender equity and women’s empowerment are dealt with in the evaluation reports.", + "Key Findings": "• Of the 65 percent of reports that included enough information to assess achievement of performance targets, more than half met their performance targets overall, with roughly a third of evaluations conveying that the project had exceeded its targets.\n• Eighty-four of the 117 evaluation reports noted that the project achieved some sort of outcome, with 53 of those outcomes described by the evaluation report as being at least partially attributable to the project. \n• Forty-four percent of evaluations identified some sort of innovative practice, with the primary types of innovation identified including inter-organizational relationship innovations, process innovations, and product or service innovations.\n• Evaluations are doing a better job of addressing gender differentials and providing sex-disaggregated data. \n• Sixty-four percent of evaluations showed evidence that the projects had, to at least some degree, addressed the integration of gender equality and/or women’s empowerment in either project design or implementation.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://2017-2020.usaid.gov/sites/default/files/documents/1865/E3_Sectoral_Synthesis_Report.pdf", + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships", + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Advancing Learning and Market Research;", + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth", + "Conflict" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Economic Growth", + "Education and Social Services", + "Environment/Climate Change" + ], + "Type of Document": "Systematic review or Meta-analysis", + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2015" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Rabeh Morrar" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global", + "Germany" + ], + "Document ID": "1508-Morra-GLO-pr", + "Document Title": "Technological Public–Private Innovation Networks: A Conceptual Framework Describing Their Structure and Mechanism of Interaction ", + "Document Summary": "Technological public-private innovation networks, or TechPPINs, enable cooperation between public and private actors in a complex, dynamic, social, and interactive network structure. In the first section of this article, the literature on innovation networks is used to construct a conceptual framework that describes the structure and mechanism of interaction in technological public-private innovation networks. This framework creates innovation through a dynamic interaction process between the public and private actors along the network lifecycle. In each stage of the network lifecycle, social capital enables various interactions, modes, and quantities of knowledge and technological resources to be exchanged and reinforced. Through a combination of the product lifecycle model and social network analysis, the structure of technical public-private innovation networks is examined at each stage of the lifecycle to reveal information about how the roles of public and private actors are embodied. The second part of this article discusses the evolution of the public-private innovation network concept from public-private partnerships to innovation networks and systems and then to technological public-private innovation networks. In the third section, the paper provides a conceptual framework to understand the mechanism driving technological public-private innovation networks. A final section of the article offers conclusions.\n\nThe discussion of innovation networks in the paper mainly highlights the role of the private sector as the main constituent element. The report highlights public–private innovation networks as an essential innovation network and a leading source of knowledge and technological competencies. In this view, technological public–private innovation networks, or TechPPINs, re-formalize the innovation networks to highlight the roles of both public and private organizations in the innovation process and create new channels for knowledge that mainly flows through the public actors. The newly proposed Conceptual Framework for Technological Public-Private Innovation Networks attempts to explain the cooperation and configuration of these networks and to show the innovation process as an outcome of a collaborative relationship between heterogeneous public and private actors to produce new technological outputs. The theoretical framework is based on a review of literature based on general theory bridging insights from evolutionary theory, social network theory, lifecycle theory, etc. The innovation process in existing technological public-private innovation networks.", + "Key Findings": "Technological public–private innovation networks, or TechPPINs, enable cooperation between public and private actors in a complex, dynamic, social, and interactive network structure. In this article, the literature on innovation networks is used to construct a conceptual framework that describes the structure and mechanism of interaction in technological public–private innovation networks. In the framework, innovation is created through a dynamic process of interaction between the public and private actors along the network lifecycle. In each stage of network lifecycle, social capital enables various interactions to occur and different modes and quantities of knowledge and technological resources to be exchanged and reinforced. Through a combination of the product lifecycle model and social network analysis, the structure of technological public-private innovation networks are examined at each stage of the lifecycle to reveal information about how the roles of public and private actors are embodied.", + "Internet URL of Document": "http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/920", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Technology" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Efficiency and Effectiveness", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Technology Innovation Management Review" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "Peer-reviewed article or other research report", + "USAID Region": [ + "Global", + "Europe and Eurasia" + ], + "Year": "2015" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Megan O’Donnell", + "Amancio Bruno", + "Adam Sendall", + "Luis Gusmão", + "Robert Travers", + "Jinky Comon" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Timor-Leste" + ], + "Document ID": "1508-O'Donn-TLS", + "Document Title": "Timor-Leste Economic Diversification Analysis: Candlenut, Mobile Finance Market & Tourism Assets", + "Document Summary": "\"This assessment report informs USAID/Timor-Leste on the opportunities presented by candlenut exports, tourism, and mobile banking to support economic growth and diversification in the country. While the candlenut and tourism sectors examine domestic factors and international expansion, mobile banking was examined as an economy-wide financial service and a conduit for financial inclusion for underserved populations. The study team focused their entry point of inquiry on candlenut traders in Dili and, more broadly, in Timor-Leste's other districts as part of the study methodology, as they provide essential upstream and downstream linkages between farmers and end markets. Candlenut farmers were also interviewed in Baucau and Suai, representing the two main production clusters in Timor-Leste. \n\n", + "Key Recommendations": "Prioritization and Likely Strategic Impacts\nTourism development can diversify Timor-Leste’s economy but cannot quickly provide significant local benefit unless\nlocal populations (and tourism officials) are up-skilled and conditioned to working in a tourist-friendly, service-driven\neconomy. Priority needs to be given to training. In addition, the scheduling of tourism development through national\nand regional master planning in a logical and strategic manner as access is improved needs to be considered. The regu-\nlation of tourism and enforcement of development conditions will need to be strengthened. Marketing is also a key\nstrategic need. Without it demand is unlikely to grow.\n\nGovernment needs to plan the development of tourism particularly in relation to compatible land uses, water manage-\nment, coastal zone management and the development of marine parks and protected areas. It should integrate tourism\nwithin the existing cultural and environmental constraints and opportunities.\n\nThe government must ensure that tourism development and environmental management are mutually supportive. It\nneeds to identify and help the private sector develop facilities to meet specific niche markets, particularly in eco-tour-\nism, nature and cultural tourism, and involve local populations in the identification and management of natural pro-\ntected areas set aside for eco-tourism.\n\nGovernment should facilitate efforts, at the national and district levels, to assess the likely overall impact of the eco-\nnomic, social and ecological aspects of tourism, to plan sustainable tourism and to develop both eco- and cultural tourism.\n\nVarious scenarios can be put forward for growth, depending on the extent to which the government commits to busi-\nness climate improvement, marketing, product development and environmental protection. The speed at which tour-\nism develops and job creation occurs will largely be determined by the growth of the accommodation sector. If the Pelican development goes ahead as planned for example, national room supply (and direct tourism jobs) will increase\nby 33%. However much infrastructure and marketing will be needed to attract investments to areas away from Dili\n\nGiven the constraints and lack of strategic focus in development and marketing, an annual expansion rate of 10-15%\nwould seem realistic. If strategic marketing, improved access, market research, training and targeted investor sourcing\ntakes place based around a themed/branded approach to development, the pace of growth could be accelerated con-\nsiderably.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.acdivoca.org/2016/05/timor-leste-economic-diversification-analysis-candlenut-mobile-finance-market-tourism-assessments/", + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Reputation and Credible Convening Power" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Asia" + ], + "Year": "2015" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Kyle Poplin" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "1508-Popli-MLT", + "Document Title": "Powerful Partnership: Teaching case spells out how Walmart and USAID collaborate to meet global challenges", + "Document Summary": "The case study report “Walmart and USAID: The Evolution of a Global Cross-Sector Partnership” describes the relationship that developed over 15 years between the world’s largest retailer and the U.S. government agency tasked with ending extreme global poverty. The paper spurs classroom discussion on the role of cross-sector collaborations in addressing some of the world’s most significant challenges. It details why expectations grew, internally and externally, for Walmart to achieve more meaningful social impact through its supply chains and how USAID came to embrace the private sector in seeking integrated solutions to increasingly complex global problems. This article discusses issues around organizations with different value propositions and discusses major shifts by both organizations that help explain their unique collaboration. \n\nThe paper highlights that the Walmart/USAID relationship went through three distinct phases, according to the case. The first began in Central America, where Walmart and USAID experimented with building the capacity of smallholder farmers, reaching out to a small number of farmers and had limited social impact that evolved into the second phase, with Walmart and USAID engaging at a corporate level through a GDA, and co-investing in project design and implementation. While this model achieved a grander scale than the first, it, too, produced relatively little business and social outcomes. The third phase began with the organizations signing a global “memorandum of understanding” and agreeing to join projects that significantly impacted women and were already underway. Still, there was a relatively limited business benefit since these projects focused on affecting women farmers and were not necessarily aligned with geographies or value chains of interest to Walmart. The case report ends with a review of the changing landscape: Walmart has refocused on achieving both business and social value. The developing world has acknowledged that the private sector plays a prominent role in solving global challenges. As we advance, readers in this article are left to consider what Walmart might do to ensure that it is set up for success in a changing world; it has the right partners and the right kinds of partnerships. ", + "Key Findings": "Keck says that, without question, USAID is an example of the right kind of partnership for Walmart, offering an alternative worldview and a different perspective on complex issues.\n\nAsked how taxpayers have benefited from USAID's partnership with Walmart, Schneider said, \"Public-private partnerships – in addition to offering very real benefit in terms of private sector knowledge, supply chains, market access and networks – can help taxpayer money go further.\"\n\nSchneider said the success of USAID's partnerships is ultimately a matter of development impact, and that \"manifests itself in a number of ways depending on the nature of the partnership.\"", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://nextbillion.net/nexthought-monday-8-17-15/", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Retail", + "Fast Moving Consumer Goods" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Walmart" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;", + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Next Billion" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Humanitarian Assistance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "American Business", + "Formal Sector", + "Large Enterprise", + "For-profit approach that generates sustainable income" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2015" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Tetra Tech" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Indonesia" + ], + "Document ID": "1508-Tetra-IDN", + "Document Title": "Indonesia Forest and Climate Support: Final Report ", + "Document Summary": "This Final Report summarizes the activities and achievements of the USAID Indonesia Forest and Climate Support (IFACS) project. The IFACS Final Report presents a comprehensive record of IFACS’ activities over the five years of its implementation. Section 1 presents a year-by-year history of IFACS and its evolution in the landscapes. Section 2 examines the technical components of the IFACS project approach, namely the Land & Forest Governance; Improved Forest Management and Conservation; Private Sector, Local Enterprise, and Market Linkages; and the Project Coordination and Management components. These are followed by the ‘cross-cutting’ management activities of grants and sub-contract management, Monitoring and Evaluation activities, training and capacity building, and communications and public outreach. Section 3 provides a summary of significant impacts and achievements for each of the IFACS Landscapes, providing a background of the landscape; visual maps and diagrams of observed impacts; information about grantees and sub-contract partners; a recording of significant achievements; and recommendations for landscape-level engagement for the USAID LESTARI project. The Appendices at the end of this Final Report present information about IFACS Grantees, Sub-Contract recipients, Private Sector Partners, and the Final Indicator Results of the project.", + "Key Findings": "• Nearly 5.3 million tons of CO2 were sequestered, as a result of IFACS-led activities to improve forest management and restore deforested areas\n• All 11 districts now have spatial plans incorporating recommendations from LEDS-based Strategic Environmental Assessments (SEAs)• All 11 districts now have operational MSFs, which are becoming lively and inclusive venues for multi-stakeholder collaboration and participation, thereby improving the transparency of land-use planning and management in the landscapes\n• 12,728 people (106% of the target value) are receiving economic benefits from LEDS activities promoted by IFACS in the landscapes\n• Five forest carbon finance concept notes that allow for investors to buy and save carbon offsets have been prepared for initiatives in Aceh (2), West Kalimantan, Central Kalimantan, and Papua\n", + "Key Recommendations": "LESTARI and future development projects should seek to ensure SEA-LEDS and LCP recommendations are applied in focal district policies, programs and plans. This will require\na process wherein PPPs (such as the mid-term development plan or strategic program of district offices) are guided by the SEA-LEDS and LCP recommendations coming from the\nMSFs. Technical assistance should ensure that a proper and thorough methodology for this integration is developed by local district governments. Also important is a protocol for\ntransparent spatial planning monitoring that will aim to ensure adherence to SEA –LEDS recommendations. This is especially critical where spatial plans have already been ratified\nby a government decree. Even though areas may be under a land-use designation that could result in deforestation, the monitoring protocol can help to mitigate environmental\nimpact in line with SEA-LEDS recommendations. IFACS and future development projects can help by facilitating communication of these documents and processes at the national level to gain support from the Ministry of Home Affairs, Ministry of Forestry and Ministry of Environment.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00KPDM.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, and Hunting", + "Mining & Extractives", + "Processing & Manufacturing" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "PT Cocoa Venture Indonesia (PT CVI)", + "Mars" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships", + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID", + "Indonesia Forest and Climate Support (IFACS)" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth", + "Conflict" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Environment/Climate Change" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "American Business", + "Formal Sector", + "Large Enterprise", + "Local Business", + "For-profit approach that generates sustainable income", + "Multi-national Business", + "Micro, Small, or Medium Enterprise" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Asia" + ], + "Year": "2015" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Karen Doll", + "Kelley Bunkers", + "Alvaro Cobo", + "Carrie Miller", + "Suzanne Andrews", + "Eddy Walakira", + "Badru Bukenya", + "Ismael Ddumba" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Uganda" + ], + "Document ID": "1509-4Chil-UGA", + "Document Title": "SUNRISE-OVC Final Evaluation", + "Document Summary": "\nThis evaluation report presents the evidence to demonstrate the success of the SUNRISE-OVC project, successful program interventions and approaches, impact at the household and child level, the effect of that collaboration between the Government and the OVC system, the opportunities that have not been utilized, the relationships between key OVC stakeholders at the different levels of the district that changed as a result of USAID programming, the effect of these changes on improving access, coverage, quality, and utilization of OVC services, and learning about systems strengthening activities for improved OVC services. \n\nThe 4Children team evaluating the SUNRISE-OVC program adopted a mixed methods approach. Qualitative data was collected through consultations with stakeholders of SUNRISE-OVC, including MGLSD, SUNRISE-OVC, Technical Service Organization (TSO) staff, Strengthening Decentralization for Sustainability (SDS) staff, district, and sub-county officials, Para Social Workers (PSW), Civil Society Organizations (CSO staff, community leaders, and OVC and their caregivers in six districts (Bugiri, Kasese, Mpigi, Namutumba, Gulu and Bundibugyo). The evaluation also included quantitative analysis of the project and national OVC data collected through the National OVC MIS, USAID MEEPP (a monitoring and evaluation project), and SUNRISE-OVC. \n", + "Key Findings": "• A system strengthening approach, although well-known and understood within the health sector, is relatively new within the social welfare and child protection fields.\n• Related to this observation is the apparent increased success of system strengthening when a combined approach that includes provision of technical assistance (e.g., SUNRISE-OVC) and district\nlevel support to enhance good governance (SDS).\n• Capacity building is a huge component of any system strengthening approach.\n• OVC programming involves both the formal and informal systems and as such, equitable attention should be paid to strengthening each system and ensuring that linkages between the two systems exist, are promoted and understood by all of the key actors engaged in the system.\n• Household economic insecurity continues to play a major role in increasing or exacerbating children’s vulnerability and therefore HES initiatives should be an integral part of any OVC programming initiative.\n", + "Key Recommendations": "• Align project design with government planning cycles.\n• Design for coordination and synergy between inter-related projects.\n• Continue to support social welfare workforce development.\n• Formalize and expand support supervision activities.\n• The MGLSD should merge and harmonize the work of community-based child protection structures into a single structure of para social workers (PSW) with a functional identity", + "Internet URL of Document": "http://www.socialserviceworkforce.org/system/files/resource/files/Strengthening%20Uganda%27s%20National%20Response.pdf", + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;", + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID", + "Coordinating Comprehensive Care for Children (4Children)" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Youth", + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Conflict" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Democracy, Human Rights, & Governance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2015" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Edward Allan", + "Joseph Anderson", + "Hossam Badawy", + "Hanan Kwinana", + "Arwa Morsi", + "AbdelRaham Nagy", + "Vicki Roberts", + "Richard Rousseau", + "Erik Spurgin" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Egypt" + ], + "Document ID": "1509-Allan-EGY", + "Document Title": "Egypt Labor Market Assessment", + "Document Summary": "The Egypt labor market assessment report evaluates economic sectors and sub-sectors and identifies occupations with high growth potential but is limited by a lack of human capital, technical innovation, or knowledge transfer. The report provides a list of academic disciplines in public universities and technical colleges capable of training students in high-growth potential labor sectors and, conversely, a list of academic disciplines that USAID should not support. The report reviews both macroeconomic data on the employment, output, and growth of industrial sectors in the Egypt National Income Accounts and information obtained through two surveys of key informants among economic and business experts and owners and managers of businesses. \n\n", + "Key Findings": "This chapter reviewed both macroeconomic data on the employment, output and growth of industrial sectors in the Egypt National Income Accounts, and information obtained through two surveys of key informants among economic and business experts and among owners and managers of businesses. A pattern emerged from both sources of information. The sectors that have made the largest percentage contribution to the growth of Egypt's GDP over the period 2011/2012 to 2012/2013 are the following: \n• Agriculture, Irrigation & Fishery\n• Manufacturing Industries\n• Primarily Other Manufacturing\n• Wholesale & Retail Trade\n• General Government\n• Construction & Building\n• Restaurants & Hotels (related to Tourism)\n• Communications\n• Transportation & Storage\n• Education, Health & Personal Services\n• Real Estate Activities\n• Social Solidarity\n• Brokerage & Subsidiary Activities\n• Real Estate Property\n• Electricity\n\nSectors expected by the panel of Egyptians knowledgeable about the economy as highly likely to make a significant contribution to growth of Egypt's economy in the intermediate future include the following:\n• Tourism\n• Manufacturing Industries – Others\n• Suez Canal (operations)\n• Agriculture, Irrigation & Fishing\n• Transportation & Storage\n• Construction & Building\n• Communications (telephone and IT services)\n• Electricity\n\nBased on these sources of information, and reviews of Government of Egypt priorities, we selected 11 sectors and subsectors as the focus of the study and further information gathering.These are:\n• Agriculture, Irrigation & Fishing\n• Oil & Gas Production (Mining)\n\nWithin Manufacturing Industries• Building Materials\n• Engineered Products\n• Food Processing\n• Textiles and Apparel\n• Electricity\n• Construction & Building\n• Transportation & Storage\n• Communications (telephone and ICT)\n• Tourism\n\nSectors named by respondents to the surveys as sectors with the most potential to affect economic growth, which are constrained by a lack of professional/technical skills, included: \n• Manufacturing\n• Agriculture\n• Tourism\n• Construction\n• Health\n• Communication & IT\n• Education\n• Oil & gas\n• Energy\n• Engineering\n• Transportation\n\nFour fields of university or technical college education appeared in numerous responses to different survey questions. For example the fields identified most frequently by business owners/managers who planned to expand their workforce in the next 12-24 months were:\n• Business (commerce, banking, marketing, accounting, management)\n• Engineering\n• Computer science\n• Natural science (physics, chemistry, biology, zoology, botany, astronomy)\n\nThese same fields appeared on virtually every inquiry about the skills required by businesses that have the potential to contribute to the growth of the Egyptian economy. The following chapters investigate institutions of the Egyptian higher education system to ascertain if those institutions have the capacity to meet this expressed need, and what they believe they are doing to meet that need.\n", + "Key Recommendations": "Specifically needed in the near term are occupational forecasts commensurate with what have been reported as sectors of high-growth potential. This can be communicated to MOHE with the intention of promoting enrollment into those disciplines that would prepare students for careers in those fields. We encourage USAID to support further examinations by the MOHE into these areas that should:\n\n• Lead to the creation of new academic programs;\n• Place an increased emphasis on existing programs that do align with high-growth economic sectors;\n• Create greater alignment to industry needs by making required adjustments/modifications to those existing programs in high-growth sectors; and\n• Synchronize these efforts based on the data that are available in this report, plus any related information that is available from local sources such as the Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics (CAPMAS) and the Ministry of Manpower & Migration (MOMM).", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00KQ3C.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Business Services", + "Technology" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "IBTCI" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Economic Growth", + "Education and Social Services" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "American Business", + "Multi-national Business", + "For-profit approach that generates sustainable income", + "Formal Sector", + "Micro, Small, or Medium Enterprise" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Middle East", + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2015" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Jim Barber", + "Elisabeth Grinspoon", + "Peter Stephen", + "Geoff Blate" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "India", + "Nepal", + "Bangladesh", + "Laos", + "Thailand", + "Vietnam", + "Cambodia", + "Philippines", + "Indonesia", + "Papua New Guinea" + ], + "Document ID": "1509-Barbe-MLT", + "Document Title": "A Regional Review of Low Emission Plans, Development Strategies and Mitigation Activities in the Forest and Land Use Sectors", + "Document Summary": "This document is a Regional Review of Lw Emission Plans, Development Strategies, and Mitigation Activities in the Forest and Land Use Sectors. The USAID Lowering Emissions produced the review report in Asia's Forests (USAID LEAF) program and the United States Forest Services (USFS) International Program in support of USAID LEAF's efforts to identify regional best practices and progress towards a sustainable and financially viable Low Emission Development Strategy for the forestry and land use sector. The review considered achievements and implementation challenges in eight USAID sustainable landscape projects across Asia. Key findings and take-home messages are presented for those implementing and supporting efforts to reduce emissions from the forest and land use sector sustainably. \n\nThis review report examines eight USAID-funded projects in ten Asia countries with the objectives of measuring progress towards funded low-emission land use strategies, plans, and activities using the USAID LEAF low-emission land use planning framework, identifying common factors that enhance progress and factors that hinder success; and documenting lessons learned and recommending actions that may enhance or strengthen regional efforts. The review report provides a regional 'state‐of‐play' for low-emission activities and strategies to improve understanding of low-emission land use planning and to develop best practices for implementing integrated low-emission land use plans that will assist sub-national and national governments in reaching country‐specific GHG emission reduction targets in the Agriculture, Forestry, and Other Land Use (AFOLU) sector. \n\nThe research for this review is based on phone interviews conducted with project staff in eight USAID-sponsored projects across Asia. Interview questions are designed to assess the project's progress in the context of LEAF's LELUP guidance steps. In addition to helping to measure progress, interview questions were designed to elicit success stories and lessons learned.", + "Key Findings": "• The primary goal of most USAID‐funded projects conducting low emission activities is accomplishing specific emission reduction targets. \n• Working across scales is challenging. Scaling‐up local activities into larger frameworks is especially challenging and project timelines are seen as inhibiting long‐term commitments.\n• Lacking are incentives for governments to replicate and scale‐up project‐based efforts, invest in domestic finance, and establish broad coalitions of diverse stakeholders to regulate land and forest use to reduce GHG emissions. \n• Projects are quite successful at engaging stakeholders and initiating implementation activities at local levels but there is a lack of incentive for in‐depth and sustained participation. \n• Direct drivers of forest land use change are well described, but the underlying causes of deforestation and forest degradation are not as well understood.\n", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00KX47.pdf", + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Conflict" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Environment/Climate Change" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Asia" + ], + "Year": "2015" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Betsy H. Brown" + ], + "Document ID": "1509-Brown-MLT", + "Document Title": "Final Evaluation: African Strategies for Health Project", + "Document Summary": "This report is an end-of-project evaluation of the five-year African Strategies for Health (ASH) project, commissioned by the USAID Africa Bureau’s health team through the Global Health Program Cycle Improvement (GH Pro) project between June and August 2015. This report documents the accomplishments, results, and lessons learned from ASH during the final phase of implementation at the end of its fourth year. The evaluation was a structured, moderately complex qualitative assessment that used a mixed-methods approach to assess whether the project was on track to meet its stated purpose by its conclusion. The evaluation team did an extensive desk review of relevant documents and secondary data and used semi-structured interviews. and recorded data according to interview guides tailored for specific key informant groups. Interviews were administered over the phone and in some face-to-face meetings. The evaluation team triangulated results and assessed the opinions of those responsible for implementing the activities at different levels and those who used or benefited from project materials, technical assistance, tools, or research. Evaluation limitations include a weak performance monitoring plan (PMP) approved in the project's third year, the elimination of organizational capacity surveys, and limited face-to-face interaction with African participating organizations reached by phone.\n", + "Key Findings": "• Forty-eight percent of respondents said that ASH performance and results were good to excellent and 75 percent found something of positive value in this project. \n• The ASH project has met,or is on track to meet by the end of the project, all of the output targets identified by USAID. ASH has exceeded the target set for south-to-south dialogue.\n• ASH generated or followed up on 58 ideas with the USAID/ASH core technical team, out of which were produced a total of 62 reports, publications and materials with a focus on some health trends, constraints and solutions for improved African Health; \n• The mHealth compendia and related mHealth work is the most frequently cited product by respondents interviewed, with digital health cited by 22 percent of respondents to be ASH’s most important contribution toward increasing new knowledge through dissemination of lessons learned from country experiences. \n• In terms of reaching the project’s three IRs, 72 percent of the 50 activities analyzed for this report were designed to achieve IR 1 (expanding the body of knowledge or current trends constraints and solutions to improve health), 22 percent were used for IR 2 (advocacy and communications), and only 16 percent went toward strengthening African institutions. The project contributed new ideas and material through evaluations, special studies, publications and conferences (IR 1), supported consensus-building work on specific strategies and approaches through regional meetings and conferences and follow-up with regional partners and WHO/AFRO (IR 2), and advanced the work of a small number of regional African institutions and networks (IR 3) through focused technical assistance and management support. \n• Given the data on hand, it is not possible to draw a causal link between these results and changes in health status. Some of these results however, have contributed to strengthening some health systems, regional health networks such as Roll-Back Malaria (RBM), and regional norms and standards, and have focused attention on key health challenges such as pediatric TB. \n• Despite a slow start and extensive staffing challenges, the project carried out 133 activities over the four years. During the final year that will begin in September 2015, ASH plans to carry out 23 activities, for a life-of-contract total of 156 activities across the region. The Year 5 work plan was under review at the time of this evaluation.\n\n", + "Key Recommendations": "The evaluation team has identified seven priority recommendations to increase the project’s impact in its final year. Recommendations for Year 5 of the ASH Project \n1. Accelerate widespread, multi-channel product dissemination of completed products and gather user satisfaction and end-use data to learn more about who uses the materials and why. Assure that key stakeholders like WHO/AFRO obtain findings and participate in teleconference meetings.\n 2. Complete the misoprostol, IPTp and iCCM, and SMS studies and channel those findings into well- defined, time-limited actions and results. Share the findings with key stakeholders.\n3. Support key strategic planning work currently underway at WHO/AFRO. Assure that ASH products and materials are widely disseminated to all of the WHO/AFRO clusters, including those that do not currently work with ASH. WHO has an electronic library and ASH should explore if this is an additional channel to disseminate the project’s research and tools.\n4. Prepare a white paper on mHealth that outlines next steps, possible partners and the investment in electronic infrastructure and systems architecture, including memory storage and system bandwidth that is required to move forward region-wide. The report should project the status of country planning for mHealth by the end of 2015. \n5. Document by the end of 2015 any increases in domestic resource mobilization associated or linked to ASH work, including any new private sector investments that may have followed the completion of private sector or mHealth country assessments or new investments by governments in pediatric TB. \n6. As follow-up to the ECOWAS conference in July 2015 in Burkina Faso, which included ASH work on urban health, use APHRC to identify and cost out key next steps to launch urban health services. Link APHRC with ECOWAS so they and other African organizations can conceptualize a plan for integrating better urban health planning across the region.\n7. Consistent with the revised PMP, document the use of ASH materials and institutional or policy changes and agreements reached by the end of the project.\n", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/pa00krd8.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Health Care", + "Technology" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Management Sciences for Health (MSH)", + "African Evaluation Association", + "D-Tree International" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Youth" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Health" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Multi-national Business", + "Formal Sector", + "Large Enterprise", + "Micro, Small, or Medium Enterprise", + "For-profit approach that generates sustainable income" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2015" + }, + { + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "1509-CENTE-GLO", + "Document Title": "Doing Cash Differently: How Cash Transfers can Transform Humanitarian Aid", + "Key Findings": "Greater use of humanitarian cash transfers in the settings where they are appropriate, without restrictions and delivered as electronic payments wherever possible would: align the humanitarian system; increase the transparency of humanitarian aid; increase accountability of humanitarian aid; reduce the costs of delivering humanitarian aid; support local markets; increase the speed and flexibility of humanitarian response, etc. ", + "Key Recommendations": "The 12 recommendations of the High Level Panel on Cash Transfers can be summarized as follows: more cash transfers; more efficient cash transfers, delivered through stronger, locally-accountable systems; different funding to transform the existing system and open up new opportunities. ", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://odi.org/en/publications/doing-cash-differently-how-cash-transfers-can-transform-humanitarian-aid/", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Financial Services", + "Technology" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities", + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Overseas Development Institute" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Humanitarian Assistance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Financial Institution, Investors, and Intermediaries", + "Formal Sector" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2015" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "John Costenbader", + "Theo Varns", + "Adriana Vidal", + "Lauren Stanley", + "Jeremy Broadhead" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Thailand", + "Laos", + "Vietnam", + "Cambodia", + "Malaysia", + "Papua New Guinea" + ], + "Document ID": "1509-Coste-MLT", + "Document Title": "Drivers of Forest Change in the Greater Mekong Subregion Regional Report", + "Document Summary": "This regional review report presents a comparative overview of the Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS) countries and draws on the five country reports and other relevant regional information. Section 2 of the report presents trends in the forest and land use sector, changes in the extent of standing forests and various forest classes, and background conditions regarding land use. Section 3 examines the different “negative” drivers of deforestation and forest degradation, followed by an analysis in Section 4 of so-called “positive” drivers leading to sustainable forest management, forest conservation, afforestation, and reforestation in the subregion. In addition to primary drivers of forest change, the report shed light on an assessment of underlying causes and influencing actors related to such change. Section 5 of the report compares the programs and initiatives of the five GMS countries that address negative drivers and act as positive drivers of forest change. After reaching the overall design, objectives, and scope of each country’s most important programs and initiatives, the report presents the analytical fact of the state of their implementation. It offers a typology of factors assisting and impeding the implementation of programs and initiatives and potential solutions to inhibiting factors. In the conclusions section, some lessons from the regional analysis are offered, as well as policy recommendations focused on new or revised programs and initiatives related to forest change drivers. \n\nBased on the progress made so far and initiatives addressing drivers of forest change in the GMS region, this report provides some recommendations focusing on the steps in national and regional action plans to mitigate negative drivers, tackle indirect drivers, promote positive drivers, enhance governance, enhancing research and capacity building, and fostering GMS regional cooperation. Based on the collective needs of the five GMS countries identified in this publication’s national reports and feedback from participants at the regional workshop held in Bangkok on 20 January 2015, the list of actions is identified as necessary next steps. Formation of Regional Policy Advisory Group & National Policy Advisory Groups, development of Regional Guidance, and Regional Mapping (Hotspots of forest change, update existing mapping data, build on LEAF Atlas) are some of the action plans that the report has identified. ", + "Key Findings": "GMS forests have witnessed dramatic changes over the past few decades due to many factors. These include rapid economic growth, the conversion of forests to cash crops and plantations, logging, as well as mining and infrastructure development. Although estimates on the extent of forest loss and change vary among studies, the overall picture is one of rapid forest loss across most countries, while some areas have experienced forest regeneration.", + "Key Recommendations": "i. Mitigating negative drivers.\na. Strengthen forest law enforcement. \n\nii. Tackling indirect drivers.\na. Strengthen civil society and increase awareness around sustainable forestry and the goals\nof REDD+.\n\niii. Promoting positive drivers.\na. Scale up incentive initiatives in concert with other efforts.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.uncclearn.org/wp-content/uploads/library/fao13202015.pdf", + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Ability to Influence Policy", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge", + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Conflict" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Environment/Climate Change" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Asia" + ], + "Year": "2015" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Florian Hilfinger", + "Hannah Guthor", + "Matti Znotka", + "Martin Dietrich" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "1509-Dietr-GLO-pr", + "Document Title": "Instrumental and Non-instrumental Factors of Social Innovation Adoption", + "Document Summary": "This paper investigates social innovation adoption and extends instrumental factors of adoption intention by including non-instrumental elements. The paper argues that from a market-based perspective, conventional innovation adoption models based on instrumental factors only partially consider specific characteristics of social innovations. The report helps improve the explanatory power of conventional adoption models by including symbolic, emotional, and motivational factors as non-instrumental factors. The results in this paper extend the findings of conventional adoption research and show that explanatory power can be substantially improved by including non-instrumental factors. The results contribute to understanding social innovation adoption and indicate the limited generalizability of conventional innovation adoption research to social innovations. Implications and directions for future research are discussed. \n\nThe study findings support the notion that, in social innovation settings, the inclusion of non-instrumental, i.e., symbolic, emotional, and motivational factors is better for understanding adoption intention. Integrative approaches, therefore, may help predict adoption intention in noncommercial settings better than adoption factors derived from approaches such as IDP or TAM could do alone. The report suggests considering the limitations of this study when interpreting the results. First, consider a specific type of social innovation that certainly cannot represent social innovations as such. Second, the report has used symbolic antecedents of other research efforts and adjusted them for this study. Because the study results suggest substantial relevance of symbolic factors in explaining social innovation adoption, it appears justified to spend future research investigating specific symbolic antecedents of social innovations. Third, emotional factors again proved to be an intricate area of behavioral research. Finally, the report suggests findings for other social innovation settings in future research to provide further evidence for the findings in this report and to advance the understanding and empirical approaches in social innovation research.", + "Key Findings": "This article investigates social innovation adoption and extend instrumental factors of adoption intention by including non-instrumental factors. We argue that, from a market-based perspective, conventional innovation adoption models based on instrumental factors do not fully consider specific characteristics of social innovations. Our objective is to improve the explanatory power of conventional adoption models by including symbolic, emotional, and motivational factors as non-instrumental factors. We conducted two empirical studies in which we investigated younger adults’ adoption intentions regarding time-bank-based senior cooperatives. The results extend the findings of conventional adoption research and show that explanatory power can be substantially improved by including non-instrumental factors. The results contribute to the understanding of social innovation adoption and indicate limited generalizability of conventional innovation adoption research to social innovations. Implications and directions for future research are discussed.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11266-015-9639-2", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Technology", + "Other" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Ability to Influence Policy", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Advancing Learning and Market Research;", + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "International Society for Third-Sector Research", + "Johns Hopkins University" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Education and Social Services", + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "Peer-reviewed article or other research report", + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2015" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Florian Hilfinger", + "Hannah Guthor", + "Matti Znotka", + "Martin Dietrich" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "1509-Dietr-GLO-pr", + "Document Title": "Instrumental and Non-instrumental Factors of Social Innovation Adoption", + "Document Summary": "This paper investigates social innovation adoption and extends instrumental factors of adoption intention by including non-instrumental elements. The paper argues that from a market-based perspective, conventional innovation adoption models based on instrumental factors only partially consider specific characteristics of social innovations. The report helps improve the explanatory power of conventional adoption models by including symbolic, emotional, and motivational factors as non-instrumental factors. The results in this paper extend the findings of conventional adoption research and show that explanatory power can be substantially improved by including non-instrumental factors. The results contribute to understanding social innovation adoption and indicate the limited generalizability of conventional innovation adoption research to social innovations. Implications and directions for future research are discussed. \n\nThe study findings support the notion that, in social innovation settings, the inclusion of non-instrumental, i.e., symbolic, emotional, and motivational factors is better for understanding adoption intention. Integrative approaches, therefore, may help predict adoption intention in noncommercial settings better than adoption factors derived from approaches such as IDP or TAM could do alone. The report suggests considering the limitations of this study when interpreting the results. First, consider a specific type of social innovation that certainly cannot represent social innovations as such. Second, the report has used symbolic antecedents of other research efforts and adjusted them for this study. Because the study results suggest substantial relevance of symbolic factors in explaining social innovation adoption, it appears justified to spend future research investigating specific symbolic antecedents of social innovations. Third, emotional factors again proved to be an intricate area of behavioral research. Finally, the report suggests findings for other social innovation settings in future research to provide further evidence for the findings in this report and to advance the understanding and empirical approaches in social innovation research.", + "Key Findings": "This article investigates social innovation adoption and extends instrumental factors of adoption intention by including non-instrumental factors. Authors argue that, from a market-based perspective, conventional innovation adoption models based on instrumental factors do not fully consider specific characteristics of social innovations. The objective is to improve the explanatory power of conventional adoption models by including symbolic, emotional, and motivational factors as non-instrumental factors. Authors conducted two empirical studies in which we investigated younger adults’ adoption intentions regarding time-bank-based senior cooperatives. The results extend the findings of conventional adoption research and show that explanatory power can be substantially improved by including non-instrumental factors. The results contribute to the understanding of social innovation adoption and indicate limited generalizability of conventional innovation adoption research to social innovations. Implications and directions for future research are discussed.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11266-015-9639-2", + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "International Society for Third-Sector Research" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Youth" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Education and Social Services" + ], + "Type of Document": "Peer-reviewed article or other research report", + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2015" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Anbrasi Edward", + "Melene Kabadege", + "Deborah Dortzbach", + "Carmen Umutoni", + "Rhona Murungi", + "Rachel Hower", + "Allison Flynn" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Rwanda" + ], + "Document ID": "1509-Edwar-RWA", + "Document Title": "Innovating For Child Health: An Evaluation of an Integrated Care Group Model in Rwanda", + "Document Summary": "Innovating For Child Health—an evaluation report of an Integrated Care Group Model in Rwanda contributes strategically to advancing the health system strengthening goal of the Rwandan Ministry of Health. The findings provide key recommendations for sustained improvements in child survival and equitable health outcomes through innovative, integrated community-oriented, and people-centered healthcare systems. The report describes the achievement of Project Goals and Objectives as illustrated in the Detailed Implementation Plan (DIP), project strategies, outputs, and outcomes examine key factors that contributed to the outcomes, and project management mechanisms that were effective and challenges in program execution, specify sustainability factors and implications for scale-up of program strategies and interventions, determines the effectiveness of the Integrated Care Groups (ICG) in achieving health outcomes, and describe outcomes of operations research on Nutrition Week (NW) interventions and integration into existing Community-Based Nutrition Program Strategy. \n\nThe mixed methods evaluation showed that most child health targets were achieved. Results from the OR study are impressive and have enormous policy implications for Rwanda’s nutrition agenda. Qualitative findings highlighted the potential financial and management constraints of sustaining the Nutrition Weeks strategy, as it requires intensive efforts initially to establish the community structures for enhancing food availability and feeding practices. Despite the stated limitations for scale-up requiring strategic engagement and oversight of both district health teams and communities, the study indicates the effectiveness of the ICG and Nutrition Weeks innovation tested in this project. As Rwanda launches strategic innovations to enhance service delivery architecture, the findings offer fundamental complementary mechanisms for achieving a people-centered healthcare model. ", + "Key Findings": "Key Findings:\n• Significant improvements resulting from Nutrition Week interventions on key nutrition and health indicators\n• Evidence of successful integration of the Care Group model in the existing community based and health system architecture\n• Improved male participation resulting from community engagement", + "Key Recommendations": "The main recommendation for this project is based on the reflections made by the Vice Mayor of Nyamagabe, who was keen to scale up the model in other districts, and use their district as a learning lab, as the model has demonstrated to be an effective strategy to reach the goals for national priorities. To retain the collaborative elements and partnerships, he believed that the district could play a pivotal role in initiating the meetings to plan and design the ongoing initiatives and determine the leadership and management oversight of these community mechanisms. The district letterhead, he remarked, would bring the profile and value for planning the sustainability initiatives. The mobile phone alerts through RapidSMS linking CHWs to nearby facilities for referral and real time information systems, needs to be sustained and integrated into the ongoing district health information system architecture.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00KX1H.pdf", + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Youth", + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Conflict" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Health" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2015" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Emerging Markets Consulting (EMC)" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Burma" + ], + "Document ID": "1509-EMC-MMR", + "Document Title": "Value Chains for Rural Development Social and Gender Assessment ", + "Document Summary": "This assessment provides an overview of non-economic constraints for value chain development in the context of integrated farming systems most commonly practiced in southern Shan, Myanmar. Particular attention is paid to the roles, constraints, and opportunities for women and ethnic minorities in the target area. In addition, this report includes a set of targeted recommendations for active interventions aimed at overcoming value chain constraints and supporting gender and ethnic inclusion in the project. Considering field-based assessments and other consultancies that Winrock International previously commissioned for the project in Myanmar, this report aims to complement, but not restate, the findings and recommendations from previous reports and presentations.\n\nThe assessment report was prepared based on secondary data sources and consists of two phases. The first phase consisted of an extensive literature and document review on agriculture and social conditions in Shan State, including gender and ethnic minorities, to identify the most promising value chains for further study, important gender aspects of agricultural production in the target area, and noneconomic factors that could influence these value chains. The second phase focused on a more detailed analysis of several value chains in Southern Shan to better understand how crop and non-crop agricultural activities interact and whether their complementarity could be capitalized upon in developing interventions for the project. Where possible, the research team used previous experience in Myanmar and other countries in the region to extrapolate information that is not available in existing secondary sources.\n\nThere is a severe lack of data in Myanmar in all areas of interest for this study, including agricultural production, gender equality, ethnography, and other relevant subjects. This is a severe limitation to any desk research on the national-level socioeconomic situation in Myanmar and even more so for localized studies. There is almost no historical data for significant economic and social indicators, such as gross domestic product (GDP). This report synthesizes the latest available information from various sources and considers the limitations associated with comparing different data collected with different methodologies.\n", + "Key Recommendations": "Given the diversity of agricultural production in Southern Shan, a number of value chains could potentially benefit from interventions targeted to smallholder farmers in general and women specifically. The project selected coffee and soybean as the first two targeted value chains based on the following selection criteria:\n1. Total number of smallholders\n2. Potential profitability for smallholders (per acre)\n3. Market / commercialization potential\n4. Potential for private sector alliances\n5. Low barriers to entry / ease of entry\n6. Potential for value‐added\n• Coffee\nThe soil and elevation of Shan State makes it suitable to grow good quality (Arabica) coffee.17 In 2010‐11, Shan State accounted for nearly 44% of the acreage sown for coffee in Myanmar (MNPED 2011), although at around 26,000 acres it is still a relatively small crop. From 2004‐05 to 2010‐11 the acreage devoted to coffee in Shan State grew an average 9.9% per year – slightly faster than the 8.8% average for rest of the country. According to the data from the International Coffee Association (ICO), the domestic coffee market in Myanmar is relatively small, but may have significant growth potential. Per capita consumption is less than one‐third that of Thailand and almost entirely consists of soluble coffee (ICO 2014). Rising incomes, plus increasing tourism, should see an increase in demand. Opportunities exist to export regionally and to Europe. Around 80% of Myanmar’s coffee is produced by smallholders (the average holding is less than 1 acre). It can be grown on slopes and with other crops (such as rubber) because it needs shade. Steps in farming coffee include harvesting, pulping, fermenting, washing, drying, hulling, cleaning, grading, sorting, storing, and transportation. Coffee is largely non‐perishable and can be transported easily. In general, distinct gender roles characterize activities related to coffee production, including postharvest handling and marketing. Overall, women may contribute up to 70% of the total labor involved in the production and processing of coffee beans. They are also key to the value‐added activities that ensure the quality of the coffee production such as careful harvesting and picking only ripe fruit; clean water and hygiene of the pulping, washing, and drying infrastructure; and good timing of the fermentation and drying process. The access to and control of resources and decision‐making, however, are predominantly the domain of men, and women are generally not empowered in these areas of coffee production. Title to coffee land is frequently registered in the name of the male head of household, leading to a perception of coffee as a “man’s crop”. Men also assume the management roles of trading and selling the coffee that, in turn, entitles them to control of the proceeds. Women work primarily as unpaid family labor. Access to related services such as technical training and extension, certification, finance, and market information are frequently targeted to male farmers or are more easily accessible by them due to time, mobility, and education constraints that affect women. Coffee is cultivated at higher elevations that, in the context of Shan State, include ethnic minority areas where the practice of customary land tenure prevails. The intent of the new land legislation, such as VFV Law, is to increase opportunities for private sector development of high‐value agricultural commodities in these upland areas. Statutory land use rights will not be granted to land held in customary tenure. Indigenous smallholders risk being displaced or they may be less able or willing to invest in adopting new technologies on land they may lose. In addition, coffee plantations take several years to mature, which can be particularly challenging in the context of insecure land tenure.\n\n• Soybean\nThe greater and more regular rainfall of the Shan hills makes it suited to growing soybean. Soybean is one of Shan State’s largest crops (third behind paddy and maize in terms of acres sown). In 2010‐11, over 80% of Myanmar’s soybean acreage was in Shan State. Land devoted to soybean in Shan grew an average 3.4% from 2004‐5 to 2010‐11 – twice as fast as in the rest of the country. The demand for soybean has been largely driven by the growth in poultry production. Animal feed demand for soybean meal is growing and is primarily met by imports: \n• quality of local soybean cake is low; cannot replace imports entirely\n• but protein demand by local poultry and fishery is growing\n• full fat soymeal is produced by commercial feed mills\n\nDemand by soybean food processors(tofu, fermented soybean cake, etc.) is consistent but there is also small but growing demand for soy milk. There are informal trade flows reported to the People’s Republic of China and Thailand (Favre and Myint 2009). Soybean is produced by smallholders as well as mid‐size and large farms. Farmers involved in soybean also grow rice, maize, and niger. Some are also involved in pigeon peas and garlic (Winrock International, undated). The main harvest is during the monsoon18, so drying is a problem, as well as finding labor willing to work at that time (see below). Overall, input cost are relatively low for soybean compared to other crops (maize, rice, garlic) and margins for smallholders are higher than other crops. There is potential to introduce processors for making soybean oil. This can then be made into soybean cake with a screw press. Alternatively, using hexane it can be made into a soybean meal, which is higher in protein than cake and is better feed for poultry layers. But few millers do this and soybean meal is mostly imported. Another method is to add an enzyme to full fat soybean (beans heated, not crushed for oil) to produce meal. This is better for poultry broilers and is the largest meal source for commercial feed mills. But the enzyme is expensive (and imported). There is only one soybean mill and refinery in Taunggyi. Most mills in Taunggyi also process groundnuts from the Dry Zone for local wholesale market. Yields for smallholders could be improved with better practices. Favre and Myint (2009) found that in Shan State, on yar mye, soybean gross margins can be very low because of inefficient land preparation practices. However, in villages where improved cultivation practices have been adopted, soybean gross margins are comparable to groundnut. Potential exists for farmers to benefit from contract farming. Contract farming overcomes problems of access to finance and input use, but many farmers are unable to fully benefit from the model. Farmer cooperatives would have more bargaining power for negotiating contracts. Potential for gender‐specific interventions will depend on the production model targeted by the Value Chains project: large‐scale, commercial production that targets export markets or household‐based production. In fact, with soybean it is possible to have a blended model that combines export and domestic consumption19. With soybean, if a small portion of the harvest is kept for domestic consumption and further processing (for example, making tofu and soy milk), women in particular may benefit from improved storage facilities and more advanced processing techniques.\n\n• Cross‐cutting Recommendations for Gender and Social Inclusion in Value Chains for Rural Development\nThe following section looks at a range of gender issues related to value chain development, the constraints these can impose on women and opportunities for the Value Chains project to initiate pro‐active strategies for women’s empowerment as part of value chain development. Finally, it offerssome guidelinesfor working with rural women20. In rural households in Myanmar, both women and men are actively involved in agricultural production and related economic activities that are essential to support the well‐being of the household, although the specific roles, access to and control of resources and decision‐making are highly engendered. Women’s empowerment will result from increasing their access to and control of resources necessary for their livelihoods as well as strengthening their capacity and opportunities for decision‐making within the household and their communities. The following summarizes the “business case” and the “development case” for focusing training, technical assistance, and other support to strengthen women’s opportunities. Notwithstanding the legal, social, and cultural obstacles that face women, they will tend to increase their productivity and their capacity to contribute to the financial security of the households, as well as gain the confidence and skills to be more pro‐active in their relations within their households and their communities. \n\n\n", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00KVTB.pdf", + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID", + "Winrock International (WI)" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Asia" + ], + "Year": "2015" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Ranjani Gopinath", + "Kumkum Srivastava", + "Kerry Richter", + "Gabrielle Plotkin", + "Rotary Club", + "Tulika Narayan", + "Lupin" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "India" + ], + "Document ID": "1509-Gopin-IND", + "Document Title": "USAID/India Health of the Urban Poor Program Final Evaluation Report", + "Document Summary": "Since 2001, the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) has partnered with the Government of India’s Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MOHFW). In 2009, USAID initiated the \"Health of the Urban Poor\" (HUP) program. Within the context of the imminent launch of the National Urban Health Mission (NUHM), the program was designed to support the central, state, municipal, and community health structures in developing innovative policies and program strategies better to meet the health needs of the urban poor. \n\nThis is the final evaluation of the HUP program, which explores its progress against its objectives and recommendations made in the midterm evaluation (MTE) conducted in 2012. It evaluates the strategies and success of efforts to scale up the program’s results from the first phase. Finally, this evaluation seeks to obtain insights and document lessons learned from the program's various components. The evaluation uses a qualitative dominant, albeit mixed-methods approach involving (1) a desk review of available primary and secondary documents; (2) site visits to cities involving semi-structured key informant interviews, observation, and focus group discussions; (3) semi-structured key informant interviews at the national level; and (4) quantitative analysis of data reported by the program.\n", + "Key Findings": "• Progress against mid-term recommendations:\nFindings: TA: HUP created state-level preparedness for the NUHM launch and developed a comprehensive primary health service framework. It realized the potential matrix delineated by the MTE, except for addressing intra-health coordination. However, the post-NUHM potential for an integrated and convergent urban health model—one which delineates the role of each stakeholder and the funding source for each planned intervention—could not be found in any state. HUP could not overcome the disinclination and the nascent capacities of the states to innovate beyond the NUHM guidelines. Private Public Partnerships (PPP): HUP could not move forward on the PPPs in the absence of interest within the governments to participate. The importance of the missed opportunity to build on what previously existed within the governments is now clear in light of the barriers being faced by the NUHM to recruit and retain health functionaries in the urban areas. Convergence: HUP facilitated the creation of convergent platforms. HUP incorporated water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) indicators into its monitoring plans and successfully integrated WASH components with the country’s supplementary nutrition program. There has been ample progress and realized outcomes on integration, as reflected by the WASH interventions in the Project Implementation Plans (PIP) of seven states. The coordination with other programs and stakeholders has however been minimal, limited to invitations to advocacy and dissemination workshops. Demonstration sites: HUP has systematically documented the capacity of state and municipal urban health systems, tracked beneficiary level indicators, and is in the process of completing the endline survey as recommended by the MTE. Although several research studies were carried out by HUP, operational research to determine meaningful Mahila Aarogya Samitis (MAS) incentives and impact assessment of demonstration sites have not been carried out.\n\n• Effectiveness of Scale-up Approaches\nFindings: Four of the five scale-up approaches have been incorporated into the NUHM framework. These include formation of women’s groups (MAS) at the community level, implementation of urban health and nutrition days (UHND), city health planning (CHP), and establishment of city coordination committees (CCC) as convergent platforms for implementing the NUHM. Similar structures at the ward level, the Ward Coordination Committees (WCC), were not adopted by the NUHM. The fifth approach, the Health Management Information System (HMIS), though customized for all eight HUP states has not been streamlined at the national level and disaggregated data for urban slums is not being collated and analyzed by the NUHM. In all, 4,267 (58% of target) MAS were formed, 118,148 (97%) UHNDs were held, eight (61%) CCCs were formed and 379 (1895%) CHPs were developed. \n\n• Effectiveness of Convergence\nFindings: HUP has facilitated the delineation of convergence processes, advocated for convergent platforms, and supported the formation of convergence structures at the state and city level. The convergence efforts of HUP resulted in WASH practices being adopted by the Health and Women and Child Development Departments. The model of point of use (POU) water testing and treatment developed by HUP has been adopted in seven states. Although the convergent actions were evidently strong at the community and the ward level (in the few locations where WCCs have been formed), there is an overall perception among the stakeholders that convergence has been initiated but not achieved at state and city level. HUP’s efforts to facilitate convergence with other urban development initiatives were limited.\n\n• Extent of policy influence\nFindings: The evaluation found that HUP’s TA has led to outcomes that include demonstration sites that informed the NUHM framework, advocacy that created an enabling environment for urban health, replication and scale up of urban health programming, a demand for TA, a high level of appreciation for the TA among HUP states, and increased allocation (122%) of funds to urban health. However, the evaluation also found that sustainable capacities are yet to be achieved at the state level. The challenges to influencing policy have been the states’ limited readiness, their low level of interest in urban programming, the short period of implementation, and the delayed launch of NUHM at the state level.\n", + "Key Recommendations": "Recommendations for USAID\n1. Design a convergence mechanism such as pooled funding from USAID sources for programs seeking to address cross-cutting health issues which require multi-sectoral approaches and recruit regional hubs of high-powered TA teams, as opposed to central TA teams for such programs. Complement these teams with a small hand-holding team at the state level. Rationalize team size based on a preparedness analysis of states when introducing newer strategies or interventions to ensure ownership and results. \n2. Invest in documenting and disseminating HUP lessons, products, and models to reach a wider set of audience (state governments, non-health departments involved in urban development, organizations working with marginalized population, donors and other countries in the process of strengthening urban health programs). Important among the lessons that must be disseminated include: participation of men in urban health, convergence processes, and the need for a comprehensive urban health model. Some suggested avenues for dissemination are national and international conferences, regional workshops for disseminating process documentation within NUHM, physical as well as virtual resource centers linked to the NUHM website, and courses and curricula for developing urban health cadres. Another important avenue for investment is the HMIS software, as identified by the HUP team. \n3. Expand the scope of urban health in the medium term to demonstrate a model which includes comprehensive health services, disaster management, epidemic management, environmental health, solid waste management, community insurance models, and lifestyle issues. In the short term, advocate for a comprehensive urban services package, men’s health, and innovative models of primary health care delivery to overcome current gaps in human resources. Examples include primary health care models which are led by nurse practitioners, models managed by communities and models involving partnerships with the private sector (social franchising).\n 4. Consider avenues for supporting NUHM. Options include\n• Extend the program by 18 months until the Asian Development Bank TA takes over to ensure continued velocity of NUHM and support the maturation of a program that has been nurtured by USAID for over two decades. \n• Create HUP phase II with renewed objectives that address emerging challenges to the NUHM, health determinants, and urban development; in the interim period, engage with national and state level NUHM through a development partners’ forum to inform and advocate for the successes of HUP. \n• Start afresh; invest in the creation of large-scale private sector models which are co-funded by large municipal corporations to serve the urban vulnerable population, especially in mega cities. \n\nRecommendations for NUHM \n1. Ensure continued engagement of MAS and ASHAs through partnership with community-based organizations to carry out vulnerability assessment and community action; introduce mechanisms for formally identifying members as community volunteers and linking them to employment, entrepreneurial, insurance schemes, and development opportunities; develop revised norms for ASHA incentives and mechanisms and issue financial guidelines to MAS. \n2. Establish platforms to address men’s health issues such as substance abuse, tuberculosis, sexually transmitted diseases e.g. the human immunodeficiency virus, and leverage men’s participation in community health and action. \n3. Consider incorporation of the WCC strategy within the NUHM framework as these can be leveraged for micro-planning, monitoring, and mobilizing services. \n4. Orient and advocate to states the flexibilities within the NUHM framework and encourage innovations by creating flexible funding mechanisms. \n5. Develop a customized behavior change communication strategy following identification of specific urban needs. The placement of Public Health Managers at the urban public health centers will accelerate this process. \n\nPhase out recommendations for HUP \n1. Document and disseminate the successes of vulnerability mapping and WCCs to create a demand. Document experiences as well as processes to ensure their utility and effective implementation. Process documents include: processes for forming MAS, conducting a UHND, managing WCCs, carrying out CHP, and convergent decision making. \n2. Delineate an exit strategy. Initiate institutional processes at GOI level for expanding public health center services/human resource norms and strengthening intradepartmental coordination. At the city level, the exit strategy must include the identification of a support agency to provide needs- based TA, NGO partners to support community processes, a city resource center equipped with a set of HUP products and process documents, and key multi-sectoral officials at the state level with which city teams could link.\n", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/pa00kz4h.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Engineering & Construction", + "Processing & Manufacturing" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Tata Motors", + "Azim Premji Foundation", + "Ambuja Cement Foundation", + "ACC Cements Pvt. Ltd." + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Health" + ], + "Type of Document": "Impact Evaluation Report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Formal Sector", + "Large Enterprise", + "Regional Business", + "For-profit Commercial Entity" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Asia" + ], + "Year": "2015" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Illana Lancaster", + "Justine Mirembe" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Rwanda" + ], + "Document ID": "1509-Lanca-RWA", + "Document Title": "Evaluation of HED/USAID Women's Leadership Program-Rwanda", + "Document Summary": "This report presents the findings of an evaluation of the Women’s Leadership Program (WLP) in Rwanda, which began in November 2012 and ended in June 2015. The WLP pairs two U.S. universities with two colleges in the newly formed University of Rwanda system to develop institutional capacity in education and agriculture. It includes partnerships between 1.) Michigan State University (MSU) and the University of Rwanda (UR) College of Agriculture, Animal Sciences, and Veterinary Medicine (CAVM) and 2.) the University of California—Los Angeles (UCLA) and the University of Rwanda College of Education (URCE). To make this assessment, the evaluation employed primarily qualitative data collection methods. However, the evaluation team also consulted quantitative data from a review of the program results framework and progress reports. \n\nFollowing the OECD’s Principles for Evaluation of Development Assistance, this evaluation examined the efficiency of management processes and systems, the relevance of partnership design, the effectiveness of partnership implementation, the impact of the intervention, and the potential for partnership sustainability. This evaluation exercise, however, had some limitations. Evaluators could not make conclusive evaluative statements about efficiency since the merger of five public institutions in Rwanda significantly delayed the implementation plan. Thus, this evaluation only makes tentative claims about impact. Also, the evaluators had difficulty finding pertinent documents in the desk review of partnership materials.\n", + "Key Findings": "In September 2013, both National University of Rwanda (NUR) and The Kigali Institute of Education (KIE) ceased to exist as legal entities, and the process of merging five public institutions into one university system was initiated. The revitalization and reformation of higher education is a complex process with a never-changing set of actors. Partnerships must be seen as a process, not a product, so that attention can always be given to the nurturing of the process. The nature of these partnerships must constantly be negotiated and renegotiated so that program goals, priorities, and responsibilities are clearly articulated, and space created for local interpretations and innovation. In spite of complications resulting from the merger, both partnerships have made substantial progress toward achieving its core objectives and intended outcomes and outputs. For URCE the greatest success has been in meeting its second and third objectives: better informed URCE’s institutional policies and practices through gender-focused research and capacity building and improved capacity to prepare teachers to address gender equity in the classroom through pedagogy, course content, and classroom management techniques. For CAVM the greatest success has been in meeting its first and second objectives: strengthened human and institutional capacity of UR in teaching and applied research in agricultural sciences promotion and support women's access to graduate education in agricultural sciences.", + "Key Recommendations": "Recommendations for WLP Education and Agribusiness\n\n 1. University of Rwanda procurement regulations should be revised with an eye to expediency and efficiency. University and college financial systems and finance personnel must be flexible enough to accommodate the demands and requirements of various regional and international partners. However, donor support of University of Rwanda needs to be better coordinated. The Directorate of Planning and Development can play an instrumental role in building systems for more harmonized support, especially in financial management and reporting systems.\n2. Institutional support at various levels across the colleges and University must be secured and maintained. \n3. UR should collect gender-disaggregated data in whatever they do. This will help it to gauge its gender sensitivity in service delivery.\n4. Gains in institutional capacity have a better chance of being sustained with broad-base support from faculty, staff, and administration. While considerable effort has been made to earn buy-in from all faculty, staff, and administration from the outset, it must remain a priority. \n\nRecommendations for WLP-Education\n\n 1. The URCE partnership implementing team requested an extension of the partnership because there are critical activities pending due to the delay caused by the merger of universities into one university. For example, the outreach program has had little time for implementation. URCE would have benefited from seeing the implementation of all phases of the program: community mobilization, recruitment phase and follow-up. Also, the online platform is a pilot. Implementers and all stakeholders wish to see the outcome, and use lessons learned to improve the developed UR Connect platform. \n2. Mentoring content should be strengthened and more time allocated to the training component. In addition, mentors need motivation to do their job efficiently. They should make themselves known to the college community for students to access them.\n 3. When setting agendas for partnership activities, consider narrower scope of activities. \n4. Improved infrastructure can ensure sustainability of online learning. The government should provide electricity to most remote areas without access. \n5. TTCs are affiliated with URCE. There are should be strategies where URCE can foresee the mentoring and counseling activities. The support may not be monetary. Orientation and a template to track what they are doing may be enough to improve their overall performance. Mentors and counselors should be facilitated by URCE to achieve their goal. Although they are rendering services (recruiting, mentoring and counseling) to students, they are handicapped.\n\n Recommendations for WLP- Agribusiness\n\n 1. Growth of the program must be controlled to ensure quality. The program needs to grow strategically and incrementally. The College will be under pressure to grow the program quickly due to high demand and revenue generation potential. If the program grows too quickly for institutional capacity and, more especially, human resource capacity, the quality of the program will be severely compromised. \n2. A plan for faculty development that allows for more advanced training of its current human resources (lecturers, tutorial assistants, etc.) for higher-level degrees in the field of Agribusiness is crucial. While faculty and staff are pursuing more training, adequate highly-qualified teaching staff must be in place to continue teaching in the program. CAVM should consider regional recruitment for qualified teaching staff to fill in the gaps. Students, especially females, who are excelling in the program should be identified at the end of the first year, and receive extra support and leadership development opportunities. These women could be prepped to pursue doctoral programs abroad, perhaps through the Borlaug program.\n3. As Agribusiness grows in Rwanda, so will employment opportunities for those with appropriate qualifications. CAVM must remain competitive with the private sector at all levels. Teaching faculty must be ensured favorable working conditions, such as competitive wages, manageable teaching load and reduced commuting between campuses. The public sector must also remain competitive with the private sector. If not, graduates of the MSc Agribusiness who are working in the public sector will migrate to private sector companies, essentially resulting in a brain drain in the public sector. \n4. The program of study should be revised so that there are more practical classes in the first two semesters before students begin their 200 hours of internship. Courses such Strategic Management in Agribusiness, Agribusiness Value-Chain Management, and Agribusiness Marketing should be offered during Semester 1 and Semester 2. \n5. Maintaining engagement with the private sector is crucial to ensure that the quality of the program remains high. The relationship between CAVM and the advisory board must continue to be cultivated. The link among private sector, public sector, and the University is crucial to maintaining the quality and relevance of the Agribusiness program, as well as the nation’s development agenda. \n6. The internship and thesis should be integrated. This would raise the overall quality of the program. \n7. A gender specialist within the college is necessary. Ideally, gender specialists would be found on each campus. Resources must be spread across all five campuses. Existing gender committees at Nyagatre and Busgogo must be nurtured. Develop best practices or a handbook for how to integrate gender into the curriculum. \n8. Continued resources must be dedicated to building capacity in career development. The hiring of a career development specialist is a great start. This person will need support staff in order to succeed.\n\n", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.edu-links.org/sites/default/files/media/file/evaluation%20of%20HED_USAID%20Womens%20leadership%20program.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Technology", + "Other" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Microsoft", + "GirlHub" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID", + "Higher Education for Development (HED)" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Education and Social Services", + "Agriculture and Food Security" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Multi-national Business", + "American Business", + "Formal Sector", + "Large Enterprise", + "For-profit approach that generates sustainable income", + "Regional Business", + "Micro, Small, or Medium Enterprise" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2015" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Zenda Ofir", + "Melody Mentz" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Algeria", + "Ethiopia", + "South Africa", + "Tanzania", + "Ghana", + "Kenya", + "Madagascar", + "Mozambique", + "Nigeria", + "Senegal", + "Uganda" + ], + "Document ID": "1509-Ofir-MLT", + "Document Title": "Periperi U Phase III Summative Evaluation", + "Document Summary": "This Summative Evaluation report presents a comparative overview of the Partners Enhancing Resilience for People Exposed to Risk (PERIPERI) U Phase III, drawing from the overall performance of the 11 countries' five African regions. The first part of the report, Chapters 1 and 2, describes the context for and design of the evaluation. The second part discusses the evaluation findings related to the performance, impact, and sustainability of PERIPERI U. Chapter 3 focuses on its achievements against expected progress and outputs in the five Focus Areas, Chapter 4 on its reach and emerging impacts, and Chapter 5 on its efforts at sustainability. The third part, Chapter 6, identifies the factors that influenced the consortium's performance, with specific reference to the key factors that enabled success during Phase III or that might delay or prevent success in the future. The fourth and final part of the report, consisting of Chapters 7 and 8, highlights strategic considerations for Phase IV, including the recommendations of the evaluation team, with some proposed tactics. A Summary Report, which includes an overall assessment that doubles as an executive summary, precedes the detailed report. It replaces the conclusions conventionally placed at the end of each chapter and is intended to serve as a quick reference to key findings and conclusions. The 17 Annexes (see separate document) contain additional information on the evaluation design and detailed data. The report highlights that the progress made during Phase III leaves the work of PERIPERI U partners towards achieving the overall objective more robust than at the end of Phase II, and impacts are starting to emerge across partner countries. ", + "Key Findings": "• Institutionalization: The Periperi U partners have successfully continued their efforts to embed the disaster risk domain in their respective home institutions.\n\n• Short courses: The targets in this stream were met in all but three partner nodes; for around half, performance in some aspect of this focus area was well above expectations.\n\n• Academic courses: Postgraduate courses in DRR/M are particularly important; they are seen by stakeholders as preparing a new cadre of professionals who can lead a range of activities across sectors where this field of work needs to be embedded.\n\n• Applied Research: In line with the emphasis in Phase III on this stream of work (as also on focus area 5) productivity in focus area has increased, with a significant improvement in the number of publications and more research projects launched both the partner notes and as commissioned projects between groups of partners.\n\n• Strategic engagement: Key designers of the Periperi U project are keen to point out that the intent with the consortium’s work in focus area 5 was not to gain visibility and influence.", + "Key Recommendations": "1. A global focus: Strengthening of the influence of Periperi U on the global stage as a credible and authoritative African voice for furthering the role of DRS scholarship in achieving the objectives of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030.\n2. A focus on Africa: Expansion of the influence of Periperi U as a pan-African force in order to accelerate achievement of its objectives for the benefit of the development of the continent.\n3. A national and sub-national focus: Strengthening of critical areas in the streams of ongoing work to enhance the credibility, legitimacy, utility and chance of uptake of the outputs and the sustainability of the impacts in each country.\n4. A focus on individual and institutional agency: Continued strengthening of the agency of individuals in the home universities towards a critical mass.", + "Internet URL of Document": "http://www.riskreductionafrica.org/assets/files/PPU-Phase-III-Evaluation-Report-FINAL.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Retail" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Foto First" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Conflict" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Education and Social Services" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Regional Business", + "Formal Sector", + "For-profit approach that generates sustainable income" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2015" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Stefan Platteau", + "Michael Adenuga", + "Adnan Ansari", + "Maria Raurell", + "Gerrit Ribbink" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "1509-Platt-MLT", + "Document Title": "Evaluation of G20 SME Finance Challenge", + "Document Summary": "This document is an evaluation report of the G20 Finance Challenge. The evaluation was conducted to measure the success of the 13 Challenge winners in achieving their stated objectives and goals, effectiveness, and appropriateness in supporting the achievement of stated goals and objectives of the winning proposals and identifying the most promising models that could be replicated and scaled up. The report presents how successful the G20 SME Finance Challenge winners have been in achieving their stated objectives and how effective the performance-based grant mechanism has supported them. The report also presents lessons learned and analyzes the potential for replication and scaling up. \n\nThis evaluation report has eight chapters. After introducing the methodology applied during the evaluation, the report presents background information about the G20 SME Finance Challenge in Chapter 2. Chapter 3 introduces the 13 Challenge winners, whereas Chapter 4 summarizes their performance on the key result indicators based on five deep dives and eight light reviews. These summaries are based on independent project reviews about each Challenge winner. Chapter 5 covers the projects’ contributions to program objectives and the Program’s overall cost-effectiveness. Chapter 6 analyzes the scaling-up potential of the projects, while Chapter 7 examines the role of the IFC in managing the Program and monitoring the projects. Chapter 8 summarizes the lessons learned throughout the Challenge.", + "Key Findings": "This evaluation found limited evidence about the development impact of the projects at the level of the SMEs. Most of the grantees have not systematically monitored the income of the enterprises obtaining access to their financial services or to those of supported financial institutions. The grantee reporting and the project supervision reports presented by IFC contain hardly any information on sales growth or on job creation. The dearth of data is partly a result of the fact that, in spite of the importance of the employment aspect as stated in several Challenge documents, only two Grant Agreements included targets for employment growth. Both of these projects failed to achieve their job creation target. Although not explicitly mentioned in the list of Challenge objectives, some projects adopted a triple bottom line approach and try to achieve social and environmental goals.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.gpfi.org/sites/gpfi/files/documents/Final%20Report%20G20%20SME%20Finance%20Challenge%20SEPT%202015.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Financial Services", + "Energy", + "Processing & Manufacturing" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Aavishkaar", + "Barefoot Power Ltd.", + "BID Network (BIDx)", + "Bank of the Philippine Islands (BPI)", + "Capital Tool Company (CTC)", + "Entrepreneurial Finance Lab (EFL)", + "EFSE (Oppenheim Asset Management)", + "MFX Solutions" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Reputation and Credible Convening Power", + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Enclude" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth", + "Conflict" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Regional Business", + "Financial Institution, Investors, and Intermediaries", + "Formal Sector", + "Micro, Small, or Medium Enterprise", + "Multi-national Business", + "Large Enterprise", + "American Business" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2015" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "The Pragma Corporation" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Burundi", + "Rwanda", + "Uganda", + "Kenya", + "Tanzania", + "Ethiopia", + "South Sudan", + "Mauritius", + "Madagascar" + ], + "Document ID": "1509-Pragm-MLT", + "Document Title": "East Africa Trade Hub (EATH) 2009-2014: Final Evaluation Report", + "Document Summary": "The purpose of the East Africa Trade Hub (EATH) performance evaluation is to provide USAID/EA and its partners with an independent assessment of the \"Program\" project performance, highlighting the significant achievements, strengths, and weaknesses to learn from it and use the lessons for future regional programming. The report contains valuable lessons for current and future USAID/EA programming. While assessing the program, the evaluators evaluated the performance of the three major components of the EATH Program about the assessment specifically: 1. reduce the barriers to regional and international trade; 2. facilitate the efficiency and competitiveness of key value chains, and 3. ramp up trade and investment between the United States and East Africa.\n\nThe assessment used two approaches: a review of all relevant documentation about the project and key informant interviews on-site in Kenya, Tanzania, Rwanda, Uganda, and Ethiopia. For the latter, 77 interviews were conducted with USAID officials, former Hub staff, partner governments, international organizations, development partners, and relevant stakeholders. Key analytical methods used to analyze the data collected from project documents and other sources included planned and actual comparisons, pattern and content analysis, trend analysis, and divergence and convergence analysis when interviewee statements disagreed with those of other relevant participants. Numerous sources of bias are possible with this approach, including mistakes in the recall, biases of interviewees, and failure to identify potential interview candidates. The team attempted to address these problems by cross-checking informant reports with those of others and with the written record. The assessment reviewed the activities under each of the three main project components, based on which the report has provided significant findings and conclusions.\n", + "Key Findings": "Banks and other financial institutions are often reluctant to lend to farmers and agribusinesses because of the perceived risk inherent in such activities, agriculture’s seasonal nature, uncontrollable weather-related events, product perishability and high market volatility of agricultural goods. EATH worked with the Kenya School of Monetary Studies (KSMS) to design a certificate in agricultural finance to strengthen human resource capacity in regional lending institutions, facilitate improved risk analysis/management policies and facilitate additional agricultural sector lending on a sustainable basis. While the majority of participants were drawn from commercial banks, other financial sector institutions, particularly microfinance institutions and agricultural savings and credit cooperatives, also benefitted from the training. EATH, therefore, enabled KSMS to strengthen its capacity building mandate by targeting financial sector institutions historically lacking in human resource capacity to undertake effectively best practice compliant agricultural lending activities. Most of the 204 graduates of the program are now key decision makers in EAC financial institutions.\nTheir presence within these institutions has enabled KSMS to continue to engage productively with the industry and promote progress towards improved lending practices. KSMS staff credit the EATH project with making a demonstrable contribution in terms of increased finance for agricultural sector activities, and with deepening the culture of good lending practices within a number of commercial finance institutions in the EAC and in some countries of Southern Africa. Though EATH support ended in 2012, the program’s strong reputation appears to have helped leverage follow-on funding from other donors (including GIZ and Financial Access). Other sustainability mechanisms that have allowed the program to operate effectively post-EATH include continued co-funding of participants by the school and major financial sector institutions, and demand-side resource leveraging through the KSMS alumni association. EATH also targeted strategic institutional-strengthening needs in the nascent East African insurance industry, particularly with regards to the development of urgently needed agricultural risk assessment and agricultural insurance products.\nTo build institutional capacity in the insurance industry and raise the level and penetration of viable agricultural insurance products across East Africa, EATH worked with the Kenya College of Insurance (KCI) to create a regional certificate of agricultural insurance. The program trained 142 financial and insurance professionals to design viable and affordable crop insurance vehicles and develop efficient claims procedures. Ultimately, the program is intended to mitigate effectively risk for farmers on a large scale, thereby increasing their ability to access financing and improve their nutritional status, and their production and family income outcomes. Since EATH support ended in 2012, at least 25 additional individuals have been trained, and KCI has partnered with the World Bank and the Kenya School of Monetary Studies to continue program activities. However, the certificate is currently offered only at the local campus in Nairobi, Kenya. It has not yet been established at educational/training institutions in other EAC countries which currently limits the replicability and scalability of the initiative.\n", + "Key Recommendations": "1. The EATH agricultural finance training programs reached large numbers of trainees and have leveraged in both cases spurred follow-on sponsorship support, as well as direct budgetary support from the sponsoring academic institutions – remarkable sustainability performance. The stakeholders interviewed clearly spoke to the high quality of the training courses proffered and their impact on developing a cadre of agricultural finance professionals ready and able to advocate for and implement innovative agricultural lending and agricultural insurance products and related risk analysis approaches. It might be worth exploring whether the current EATIH initiative, with its major investment leveraging and loan origination focus, might benefit from tapping into the organizational goodwill and alumni contact network created through these training programs, as it operationalizes its financial outreach strategy and prospects for top tier loan origination consultants. \n2. Major resource-leveraging risk mitigation benefits could be leveraged for EATIH stakeholders in key agricultural value chains; if effectively structured and disseminated crop insurance and warehouse receipts related financial products could be effectively applied. It may in this regard be worth exploring the opportunities and constraints (including current EAC legal/regulatory harmonization requirements) for developing/applying well-structured insurance instruments to leverage additional value chain finance for participants within one or more EATIH-supported agricultural sectors; and for in major agricultural finance product areas, such as crop insurance and credit enhancement mechanisms for WHRS instruments.\n", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/e4c9/6bbbcaeb524be4eb30ac7c6d3c27ea682b6b.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Transportation and Warehousing", + "Other" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Secretariats of FEAFFA", + "Uganda Shippers Council", + "Kenya Shippers Council", + "Tanzania Freight Forwarders Association", + "Chemonics International" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments", + "Reputation and Credible Convening Power", + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment", + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Economic Growth", + "Agriculture and Food Security" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "American Business", + "Business Association or Cooperative", + "For-profit approach that generates sustainable income", + "Regional Business", + "Formal Sector", + "Multi-national Business", + "Large Enterprise" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2015" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Joanna Pratt", + "Glen Anderson" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "1509-Pratt-GLO", + "Document Title": "Advancing Climate-Resilient Development Symposium", + "Document Summary": "This document is an event report of the ADVANCING CLIMATE-RESILIENT DEVELOPMENT SYMPOSIUM held in WASHINGTON, D.C., from MARCH 16–19, 2015. The report was prepared for the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). The event was organized to share lessons learned from the CCRD project, exchange adaptation-related approaches and experiences, and identify new ways to advance climate-resilient development. This report summarizes symposium highlights; synthesizes lessons learned from past work on climate-resilient development and ideas for moving forward; and provides links to symposium resources, including presentations (in PowerPoint and video formats), photographs, session summaries, and related documents.\n", + "Key Findings": "• USAID’s Climate-Resilient Development Framework provided a big step forward in understanding and implementing climate-resilient development in developing countries.\n• An effective approach to climate-resilient development is flexible, engages stakeholders (including local champions) early, works within the local cultural context, considers development options, and encourages information sharing.\n• Climate information is crucial to climate-resilient development, but it is also essential to understand and incorporate local knowledge and cultural norms from the beginning.\n• Pilot projects are valuable when used appropriately – for example, for learning and evaluating key lessons before scaling up a project, ensuring that a project is going in the correct direction,\ntesting innovative ideas, and building communication connections among local partners.\n• When developing and using tools, it is important to consider questions such as: How do we know we have the right tool for the right job? Is the tool usable? How should we balance usability with the technical applications of the tool? How do we engage local communities so that they can continue to use and maintain the tool over time?\n", + "Internet URL of Document": "http://www.ccrdproject.com/acrd-symposium", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Business Services", + "Technology", + "Other", + "Health Care" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "ICF International", + "Stratus Consulting", + "Cascadia Consulting", + "The Manoff Group" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Reputation and Credible Convening Power" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Conflict" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Environment/Climate Change" + ], + "Type of Document": "Industry Publication", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "American Business", + "For-profit approach that generates sustainable income", + "Multi-national Business", + "Large Enterprise", + "Formal Sector", + "Micro, Small, or Medium Enterprise" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2015" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Mark Renzi", + "Simon Vieira", + "Christina Porras", + "Ignacio Gomez" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Colombia" + ], + "Document ID": "1509-Renzi-COL", + "Document Title": "Final Performance Evaluation of the BIOREDD+ (Biodiversity--Reduced Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation) Climate Change Component", + "Document Summary": "This document is a final performance evaluation report of the USAID/Colombia climate change component that informs future USAID climate change investments. The report has used lessons from the activity to provide USAID and Colombia with conclusions and recommendations to inform possible future investments in the climate change arena. The evaluation has used a wide range of secondary information. The team interviewed key stakeholders in Bogota and Cali (the locations of the activity’s headquarters) and visited each of the four REDD+ nodes. Community enumerators surveyed almost 200 non-leadership community members using a simple \"woman and man in the street\" approach to provide quantitative data to complement the primarily qualitative evaluation methods.\n\nDue to the nature of the terrain and the governance structures of the communities visited, the team was highly dependent on the IP for assistance in setting up field visits. The IP, Chemonics, was very supportive in this regard. However, it meant the team was usually traveling with a project staff person and that the team had to fit its schedule into Chemonics’ frantic work schedule as it raced to close down the activity while still sprinting in pursuit of sales opportunities. An additional challenge was when USAID provided BIOREDD+ with a one-month extension, requiring a significant shift in the team's schedule and reducing the availability of some team members.\n\nThe central conclusion of the evaluation is that REDD+ programs, with their emphasis on self-governance, economic development, and conservation, mesh very well with the worldview, values, and political needs of the ethnic groups that live along the coast. Developing REDD+ projects requires participatory planning processes to identify needs that complement existing community life plans and produce investment-ready economic development schemes.\n", + "Key Recommendations": "R1.1: USAID should continue current REDD+ work and consider expanding\nthroughout the coast, as described later in this report.\nR2.1: Next generation USAID climate change investments should place relatively\ngreater emphasis on community-wide participation and immediate direct\ncommunity economic benefits to ensure sustainability. This should be independent\nof REDD+ project sales.\nR2.2: Future USAID REDD+ efforts should review the Theory of Change to\nconsider how community members could enjoy greater immediate- and mid-term\nbenefits from the process of developing REDD+ projects through more local labor.\nR2.3: USAID should maintain support to Fondo Acción until community capacity\nis increased and some alternative sources of income (ASI) streams are sustainable.\nR2.4: Future REDD+ efforts should consider how to develop REDD+ projects of\nsufficient scale to attract investors, combining smaller communities, as was done by\nBIOREDD+.\nR2A.1: Support of Fondo Acción and future USAID support to community\nmanagement bodies should strive to make them capable of fully managing REDD+\nprograms.\nR2A.2: Future USAID projects working on REDD+ should build on years of\nUSAID investment in the coast and BIOREDD+ progress, linking consejos to help\nthe consejos and resguardos become a unified force for mutual learning and policy\ndialogue and to help achieve economies of scale.\nR2B.1: USAID should use its agreement with Fondo Acción to help develop the\ncommunity-wide support necessary to implement a REDD+ program. This will\nbecome particularly urgent as communities shift from pre-REDD+ to REDD+\nimplementation.\nR2B.2: If USAID should shift to a pseudo-REDD+ model with existing partners to\nprovide incentives for REDD+ behaviors, expanding understanding and\ncommitment to the full community will become urgent.\nR2C.1: Future USAID programs working on REDD+ should include proactive\napproaches to reach out to women and youth and design initiatives to tailor\nactivities to their needs, especially regarding economic opportunity.\n\nR2C.2: The approach should include an overall strategy grounded in Colombian\nREDD+ experience and implemented through annual gender work plans. Elements\ncould include economic empowerment, encouraging women to work in consulting\ncontracts and reaching out to community women.\n\nR2C.3: Economic indicatives aimed at women should be defined, as much as\npossible, by women. Some potential areas include ecotourism and forest promotion.\n\nR2C.4: When possible, have women consultants work in the field to spur women's\nparticipation.\nR2C.5: In general, REDD+ programs should try to have those who intervene in\ncommunities resemble their target communities. Communities are keen to work\nwith ethnically and culturally similar individuals. Women also appreciate working\nwith women.\n\nR2C.6: Once projects shift to implementation, it would be wise to make special\nefforts to reach out to youth as they will be the future resource stewards.\nR2D.1: One dimension of the Fondo Acción support should be to improve\nmanagement bodies’ systems to the point where they will increasingly be able to\nmanage REDD+ funds. Caution should be used to avoid rushing to this stage, as\nskill development must proceed with accountability.\nR2D.2: Likewise, in future REDD+ interventions, USAID should strive to assist\nmanagement bodies to be able to manage their own funds, but with a measured\npace, and beginning with accountability measures to contain corruption.\nR2F.1: Future REDD+\ninterventions should be designed to\nmove beyond business plans to\nactually produce benefits. This\nwould not only ensure communities\nactually benefit, with or without a\nsale, but would also demonstrate\nthe effectiveness of the future\nREDD+ product to potential\ninvestors.\nR2F.2: In future REDD+ programs, and other USAID work, IPs that help initiate business should do so with\ncomplete planning and a firm commitment to enterprise sustainability, or at least\nbeing on a sustainable course before the project ends.\nR2F.3: As part of picking up the reins from BIOREDD+, Fondo Acción may want\nto review the ASI plans to ensure community and cross-community compatibility\nand that communities understand some of the more complex aspects of the\narrangements.\nR2F.4: Likewise, Fondo Acción should monitor local enterprises started by\nBIOREDD+ and help them to achieve sustainability.\nR2F.5: Future USAID REDD+ initiatives should learn from the impressive work of\nBIOREDD+ attracting GOC investment.\nR3.1: USAID should discuss the issue of community rights to carbon benefits with\nthe GOC vigorously and help build local constituencies among Pacific communities to retain their rights to benefit fully from the resources.\nR3.2: In the medium-term, future USAID-supported REDD+ initiatives should not\nplace total emphasis on obtaining external investment. Rather, they should use the\nmechanism to support conservation and development, while preparing communities\nfor REDD+ at a moderate pace, and funding conservation success.\nR3.3: The Mission could leverage the opportunities to provide economic incentives\nto communities that have met REDD+ requirements while they develop valuable\nexperience implementing the model and continue to market their carbon products\ninternationally.\nR3.4: Such a practice could help establish a critical mass of REDD+ activities to\nsupport scale up.\nR3.5: Such a community of REDD+ projects would provide an excellent laboratory\nfor testing the utility of REDD+ schemes as well as an opportunity to learn from\nthem. It could specify and validate the model, reduce learning cycle time, build\ncommon understanding, cut costs, improve impact, and influence the international\nREDD+ dialogue.\nR4.1: USAID should consider following BIOREDD+ with a REDD+ network to\nwork with the GOC to develop the Pacific coast as an uninterrupted REDD+\nreservoir.\nR4.2: This would require developing a scaling-up strategy and working closely with\nthe government.\nR4.3: Most likely, it would involve donor/GOC provided incentives, as if they were\nREDD+ investors, while the carbon market recovers to expand the number of\ncommunities pursuing REDD+ programs. Since the market is not now viable,\ndonors, the private sector, and GOC could fund such initiatives. Incentives could\nfeed the model, support development, and help transition to a time when the carbon\nmarket improves.\nR4.4: Participating communities would need to satisfy REDD+ standards to receive\nthe floor price.\nR4.5: Such a large-scale project could leverage earmarks (Afro-Colombian,\nBiodiversity, and Climate Change) into an integrated approach that could\ntransform the Pacific while supporting USAID transition and conserving critical\nbiodiversity and forest resources.\nR4.6: This is a no-regrets approach. If the market improves, it could provide an\nunprecedented boom in private sector investment. If the market remains sluggish,\nthe incentive approach will support focused development that sustainably combats\nclimate change.\nR4.7: Future REDD+ projects should build on the five REDD+ initiatives in the\nPacific by consciously linking REDD+-committed communities, possibly through an\ninformal association.\nR4.8: As long as the carbon market remains anemic, future scale-up efforts should\nmodify the approach used in BIOREDD+ to increase content directed at community\ndevelopment, and prioritize governance and economic development impacts over\ncompliance with REDD+ requirements. All must be accomplished; it is a question of\nphasing and priorities.\nR4.9: In so doing, the Mission should consider leading-edge scale-up methodologies\nto ensure success.\nR4.10: If USAID decides to continue with REDD+ work, it would be advisable to\ncarefully review prior Mission experience in the Pacific region regarding community participation to complement BIOREDD+ experience and develop an\noptimal model.\nR4.11: The Mission should validate that additional communities can leverage\nexisting NASA research and obtain carbon estimates at minor marginal cost.\nR4.12: USAID should consider developing a rigorous learning element to\ncomplement such a REDD+ scale up. It could specify and validate the model, reduce\nlearning cycle time, build common understanding, cut costs, and improve impact\nR4.13: If it could support a critical mass of REDD+ “learning laboratories,”\nUSAID/Colombia’s rigorous learning agenda could influence the international\nREDD+ dialogue, possibly in favor of community members.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.scribd.com/document/363231743/Algi", + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Fondo Acción" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Conflict" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Environment/Climate Change", + "Economic Growth", + "Democracy, Human Rights, & Governance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Impact Evaluation Report", + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Latin America and the Carribean" + ], + "Year": "2015" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Mohamed Ismail Sabry" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "1509-Sabry-GLO-pr", + "Document Title": "Good governance, institutions and performance of public private partnerships", + "Document Summary": "This report explores theoretically and empirically which institutional factors (including good governance ones) help public-private partnerships (PPP) in providing better infrastructural services, which would then, in their turn, lead to attracting more private investment for the whole economy. On the theoretical level, while a focus is put on discussing the institutions that should be responsible for PPP success, reconciliation is being attempted between institutional economics from one side and the new public management and network management perspectives from the other. Empirically, OLS multivariate panel regressions test the suggestions of the theoretical discussion with emphasis on interaction terms between PPP and the studied institutions.\n\nThe novelty of this paper is attributed to constructing a proxy for PPP and empirically testing the interaction of PPP with other institutional variables on the performance of infrastructural services. This paper addresses this concern by trying the effect of PPP in infrastructure alone and interaction with institutional variables on investment growth worldwide. Moreover, the synthesis of the literature on PPP, new public management, networks, good governance, and institutional economics is another aspect of this paper. The results suggest essential policy recommendations, and the authors hope to add to the literature on PPP. The report highlights that PPP has no significant effect on investment growth. There is no evidence supporting that private investment in PPP leads to successful infrastructural services that would induce more economic investment.\n\nOn the other hand, some of the interactions of PPP with other institutions are significant and affect investment growth. The insignificance of the interaction terms of PPP with cultural factors, political freedoms, reliance on resources, and the rule of law suggests that the performance of PPP does not significantly rely on the presence of these variables, which differ worldwide from one country to the other. This paper shows that the presence of good governance institutions and especially bureaucratic quality and independence, and regulatory quality are the key factors to the success of PPP.\n", + "Key Findings": "Evidence is found that good governance institutions, and specifically good regulatory quality, bureaucratic efficiency and independence, help PPP in performing well as evident from their positive effect on investment growth.", + "Key Recommendations": "Tackling bureaucratic efficiency and independence and higher regulatory quality should be a top priority if the great positive externalities resulting from PPP in infrastructure are to be realized.", + "Internet URL of Document": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/IJPSM-01-2015-0005", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Financial Services", + "Engineering & Construction" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness", + "Ability to Influence Policy" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments", + "Risk-Mitigation and Flexible Authorities" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;", + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "International Journal of Public Sector Management" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Democracy, Human Rights, & Governance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Peer-reviewed article or other research report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Financial Institution, Investors, and Intermediaries" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2015" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Trinh Thang Long", + "Leila Moubayed", + "Kamil Wanna", + "Joanna Khater", + "Rana Taher", + "Najwa Andraos" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Lebanon" + ], + "Document ID": "1509-Thang-LBN", + "Document Title": "Lebanon Reforestation Initiative Final Performance Evaluation", + "Document Summary": "This document is a performance evaluation report of the Lebanon Reforestation Initiative (LRI), which was produced for review by the United States Agency for International Development, technically led by Social Impact Inc. under the PMSPL II project. The evaluation was conducted to analyze the extent to which the LRI’s objectives, impacts, sustainability targets, and involvement of stakeholders have been achieved; and to provide essential information about successes, challenges, and lessons learned for future programs. Based on assessment findings, the report offers recommendations, successes, challenges, and lessons learned to guide USAID/LRI in this new project phase. It will be used by USAID/Lebanon, USFS, and others to inform program improvement and future programming in the reforestation sector. USAID/Lebanon will also use it during its annual Portfolio Review. \n\n\nThis evaluation used mixed methods to collect and analyze primary and secondary data spread over three phases. Secondary data included the review of project documentation, work plan, progress reports, technical reports, project website, and online ref restation mapping tools. Primary data were collected during the field mission through interviews with LRI project staff, USAID’s Lebanon Mission staff, project beneficiaries, private-sector partners, and other stakeholders. An evaluation matrix was used for data analysis to ensure that all data sources were considered and the team could use triangulation of data to answer each question with more validity. Limitations included difficulty organizing the planned focus group discussion because the evaluation was carried out during Ramadan, and field visits were conducted during working hours.", + "Key Findings": "Advanced nursery techniques have been successfully adopted and adapted to local conditions. The project has established a strong partnership with local agencies for the implementation of its activities at the local level and has collaborated with international agencies for disseminating lessons learned to the national level. It is also too early to quantify the impact of the project intervention on environmental degradation, but the intervention is potentially rehabilitating degraded forestland. Advanced seedling production techniques will likely remain in the country, as seedlings produced by advanced techniques are recognized as well adapted and as having high survival rates. And lastly, LRI reforestation and forest protection initiatives enhanced interaction and support between diverse communities and groups around a common issue.", + "Key Recommendations": "• Selecting reforestation sites by means of participatory land-use planning will enhance the sustainability of plantations and enhance plantation habitat connectivity. \n• Any opportunities to reduce the cost of setting up a plantation should be utilized, and potentially low-cost sites should be given priority for reforestation. .\n• Any opportunities to increase the survival rate of planted trees should be utilized. \n• Assessment and establishment of green firebreaks will contribute to fire prevention in the long term.\n", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00M24D.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Processing & Manufacturing", + "Financial Services" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Dar El Handassah", + "Holcim", + "La Phenicienne Insurance", + "Byblos Bank", + "Tinol Paints Int’l" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Efficiency and Effectiveness", + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth", + "Conflict" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Environment/Climate Change" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Multi-national Business", + "For-profit approach that generates sustainable income", + "Formal Sector", + "Large Enterprise", + "Regional Business" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Middle East" + ], + "Year": "2015" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Donna Espeut" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Kenya" + ], + "Document ID": "1510-Espeu-KEN", + "Document Title": "USAID Kenya Evaluation Services and Program Support: APHIAPlus End-of-Activity Performance Evaluation", + "Document Summary": "This document is the end-of-activity performance evaluation report of APHIAPlus in Kenya. The evaluation described in this report serves two overarching purposes: (1) to learn to what extent the activities’ objectives and expected health outcomes have been achieved at the county, sub-county, health facility, and community levels; and (2) to inform the design of follow up service delivery activities.\n\nAs presented in USAID’s scope of work for the evaluation, the evaluation results will be used to help USAID’s Office of Health Population and Nutrition (HPN) reach decisions related to:\na) The effectiveness of the APHIAPlus model in strengthening the capacity of Kenya’s Ministry of Health (MoH) to deliver an integrated package of high-quality and high-impact interventions within the Kenya Essential Package of Health Services (KEPHS).\nb) The model for integrating service delivery and strengthening health systems when future health sector activities are designed.\nc) The nature and scope of possible future interventions in the health sector are based on the challenges experienced and lessons learned when implementing the current APHIAPlus flagships activities.\n\nThis evaluation employed a mixed-methods approach. It consisted of document review, key informant interviews (KIIs) with national-level, county-level, sub-county-level, and community stakeholders, focus group discussions (FGDs), small-sample knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) abstracted data from HIV-exposed infant (HEI) registers, tuberculosis registers, and other site-based records and registers, and Data/databases managed by the Government of Kenya and non-governmental entities. ", + "Key Findings": "In general, major increases in the coverage of HIV care and treatment interventions were observed in all three APHIAPlus regions. There is some evidence of integration between HIV services and other services such as TB and family planning, however, this practice is far from universal. \n\n• Second to HIV-related services, MNCH has been a program area for which positive trends are observed, with carryover benefits to PMTCT efforts. \n\n• The level of effort for MNCH and FP was particularly high for APHIAPlus Central/Eastern. \n\n• Traditional birth assistants continue to play a very prominent role in\ndelivery assistance, particularly in Western Kenya and Rift Valley. ", + "Key Recommendations": "1. In designing future activities, narrow the technical scope for Result 3 (“increased use of quality health services, products and information”) and Result 4 (“social determinants of health”) to concentrate on maximizing synergies between the two work streams.\n2. For sustainability purposes, give strong consideration to positioning OVC efforts within the framework of “child protection” or “child-friendly social welfare.”\n3. Position future USAID-funded efforts addressing the social determinants of health as a platform that integrates health and social protection.\n4. Strengthen community capacity to sustain health strategies and outcomes, e.g., through community financing, or other self-sustaining mechanisms to maintain the functionality of community health units and/or by engaging critical household and community gatekeepers such as husbands/partners or religious and community leaders, to promote positive behavior change, service uptake, and service use.\n5. Redouble efforts to improve the quality of routine information collected (e.g., District Health Information System, HEI data).", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.globalwaters.org/resources/assets/usaidkenya-evaluation-services-and-program-support-aphiaplus-end-activity", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Telecommunications", + "Financial Services" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Safaricom", + "Equity Bank" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships", + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Health" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Regional Business", + "For-profit approach that generates sustainable income", + "Formal Sector", + "Financial Institution, Investors, and Intermediaries", + "Large Enterprise" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2015" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Allen Grossman", + "Ann Lombard" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "United States" + ], + "Document ID": "1510-Gross-USA", + "Document Title": "The Role of Business in Collective Impact", + "Document Summary": "Authored by Allen Grossman & Ann Lombard, the Role of Business in Collective Impact highlights how the business community’s support and expertise can significantly enhance the odds of success for collective impact efforts in education. The paper highlights a strong relationship between a school’s average standardized test scores and the percentage of students eligible to receive free or reduced-price lunches, a measure of poverty. The support a student receives outside the classroom often materially impacts their performance inside the school. While middle-income and affluent parents have the resources to provide their children with a range of needed services, such as math tutoring and psychological counseling, lower-income families usually don’t. The paper argues that while more than 87,000 nonprofits and many local government programs aim to support youngsters impacted by poverty, they often operate in isolation, lack shared goals, and cannot measure effectiveness. Program quality usually varies considerably, and service redundancies exist alongside service gaps, diluting the overall Impact of the programs “the net result is service delivery chaos.”\n\nThe paper acknowledges that many well-intentioned businesses inadvertently help perpetuate this chaotic situation. Despite these generous contributions and countless volunteer hours to improve educational outcomes, particularly for children living in poverty, too often, business support is not based on outcome data or coordinated with nonprofits, local government, and others delivering services in the community. As a result, mediocre programs continue to exist even when special programs are available, and multiple competing programs meet some student needs but leave other conditions unaddressed. The paper recommends that Businesses could significantly enhance their effectiveness by working to improve all aspects of the educational ecosystem in partnership with community leaders, families, nonprofits, school districts, and the government. The broad, cross-sector coordination at the heart of the collective impact approach provides an innovative process and structure for creating profound and unprecedented partnerships. Many of these relatively new collective-impact initiatives, but a number are making progress toward their goals. Developing collective impact partnerships takes time and effort from all parties, but the payoff can be powerful.", + "Key Findings": "Developing collective impact partnerships takes time and effort from all parties, but the payoff can be powerful. And while involving business isn’t a prerequisite for success, the business community’s support and expertise can greatly enhance the odds. Transformation of the education ecosystem is important to sustained improvement in education outcomes. Business leaders want to see improvements in inequality, poverty, and economic mobility, as well as a higher-skilled workforce. They also see education as both a cause of and a solution to these economic challenges, and through collective impact, they can multiply the effectiveness of their efforts.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://ssir.org/articles/entry/the_role_of_business_in_collective_impact", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Processing & Manufacturing", + "Engineering & Construction", + "Fast Moving Consumer Goods" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Procter & Gamble", + "General Electric", + "Savage Industries" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships", + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Stanford Social Innovation Review" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Youth" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Education and Social Services", + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "Industry Publication", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "American Business", + "For-profit approach that generates sustainable income", + "Formal Sector", + "Multi-national Business", + "Large Enterprise" + ], + "Year": "2015" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Izhar Hunzai", + "Uzair Ahmed Khan", + "Zohra Khanum", + "Douglas Krieger", + "Zia Ur Rehman", + "Syed Noman Ali Shah", + "Himat Ullah" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Pakistan" + ], + "Document ID": "1510-Hunza-PAK", + "Document Title": "Satpara Development Project Evaluation: Irrigated Agriculture in Gilgit-Baltistan", + "Document Summary": "This document is a Satpara Development Project (SDP) evaluation report in Pakistan which was produced for review by the United States Agency for International Development and was prepared by Izhar Hunzai, Uzair Ahmed Khan, Zohra Khanum, Douglas Krieger, Zia Ur Rehman, Syed Noman Ali Shah, and Himat Ullah of Management Systems International. With SDP behind on many of its results targets (at the time USAID commissioned the evaluation), USAID wishes to understand fully the causes of delays to inform decisions about whether and under what conditions, to extend the current agreement, and to identify any corrective actions (i.e., changes in design, management, or implementation approaches) that may improve performance. The evaluation determines the lessons learned about project design and implementation that could improve the design and undertaking of future USAID programming in infrastructure or agriculture. \n\nThe evaluation relied mainly on qualitative data collected through semi-structured individual and group interviews with implementing partner staff, stakeholders, and beneficiaries. The evaluation team also\nreviewed project documents to develop an understanding of project design and implementation approaches. It also gathered quantitative performance data from project reports, AKRSP's results tracking system, and PakInfo to triangulate the qualitative findings. Qualitative data are well suited to answering how and why something happened but must be better suited to collecting or verifying quantitative data. Differences in interview techniques, language barriers, general communication issues, the education level of respondents, and the potential for strategic behavior by respondents may all affect the data's consistency, validity, and reliability.", + "Key Findings": "Component 1: Efficient Use of On-Farm Water\n• By reducing loss due to seepage and increasing water flow rates, improved channels and tertiary watercourses have unquestionably increased the availability of irrigation water.\n• Factors largely outside of AKF/AKRSP’s control affected their ability to meet project objectives for irrigating 15,500 acres of land.\n• Work on tertiary watercourses progressed more slowly than anticipated largely due to the need for a much more intensive master planning exercise than originally anticipated and delays developing a grants manual and environmental documentation while USAID and AKF ironed out details of the cooperative agreement.\n\nComponent 2: Enhancing Productivity of High-Value Horticulture and Dairy Products\n• A large majority of beneficiaries attributed project interventions with increasing the quantities of agricultural and livestock products they produced and sold.\n\nComponent 3: Enhancing Processing and Marketing Capacity\n• AKRSP’s training in post-harvest practices seems to have been particularly effective in raising awareness of the value of proper grading, storage, and packaging practices.\n• Other than the Friday bazaar, which has been a particularly effective innovation for linking producers directly to consumers, AKRSP did not seem to focus much on linking producers to alternative markets.\n\nComponent 4: Creating an Enabling Environment for the Agricultural Sector to Grow\n• The enabling environment component has progressed slowly, largely because it has been difficult to engage policy makers and stakeholders.\n", + "Key Recommendations": "1. If AKF/AKRSP continues the irrigation infrastructure work, it needs to communicate better with affected communities and engage them more fully in planning.\n2. In future support to irrigation schemes, USAID must thoroughly understand the structure of traditional water rights and incorporate these rights in design and implementation from the start.\n3. To enhance prospects for sustainability, AKF/AKRSP should focus on building sustainable public or private sector technical service providers who can support greenhouses, orchards, nurseries, processing, and marketing.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00M2Z4.pdf", + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments", + "Risk-Mitigation and Flexible Authorities" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Agriculture and Food Security" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Afghanistan and Pakistan" + ], + "Year": "2015" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Corbin Lyday", + "Keith Henderson", + "Sharene McKenzie" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Jamaica" + ], + "Document ID": "1510-Lyday-JAM", + "Document Title": "Combatting Corruption in Jamaica Final Performance Evaluation Caribbean Basin Security Initiative IQC", + "Document Summary": "This evaluation report assesses the project component that worked well, what did not, and why, and subsequently inform the development of a follow-on anti-corruption project. In particular, this evaluation report addresses four specific questions concerning the extent to which the Project places corruption on the national agenda, contributes to building public demand for change, and is responsive to gender issues, as well as addressing which activities should be prioritized for a follow-on project and why. \n\nThrough extensive personal interviews, focus group discussions, and a nationally representative survey organized around society's changing perceptions of corruption conducted in 9 parishes, this evaluation report found solid internal evidence that USAID's Project has succeeded in raising Jamaican awareness and fostering a national dialogue around corruption and integrity issues. It played a critically important role in promoting political transparency through the advocacy efforts of the Jamaican NGO implementing it – National Integrity Action (NIA) through recently enacted political party registration and campaign finance regulation legislation. Internationally, Transparency International's decision to make NIA the country's official TI country chapter and select its Executive Director to serve on the team which developed TI's new Strategy 2020 – serves as recognition of its ability to replicate its approach throughout the Caribbean. Yet increased awareness and political successes also come with a concern – rising levels of dissatisfaction with the performance of Jamaica's statutory bodies, including the nation's political parties, charged with fighting it. While institutional progress has been made, the Government's approach to corruption remains piecemeal and unfinished. \n\nFor a follow-on project to continue fostering civil society's 'leading edge' in demanding better responses from the state, some key lessons include the need to increasingly differentiate public campaigns by class, gender, and age and enter into more formalized relationships with potential sub-grantees to assist the process of moving from policy advocacy to forming a broad-based 'social movement' against corruption. A future project with a more differentiated public message could help stem rising levels of public disaffection while simultaneously promoting national consensus over the best ways of fighting it. Adapting the Project's targeted outreach to schools, communities, churches, universities, and youth groups, especially at-risk youth, would also help to recruit and train the next generation of anti-corruption champions. As specific legislative outcomes emerge from current debates, USAID is also encouraged to partner with other IDPs to supplement the approach of a future Jamaican project with technical assistance to address continued roadblocks in the political and justice spheres.", + "Key Findings": "Through extensive personal interviews, focus group discussions and a nationally representative survey organized around society's changing perceptions of corruption conducted in 9 parishes, this evaluation found strong internal evidence that USAID’s Project has succeeded in raising Jamaican awareness and fostering a national dialogue around corruption and integrity issues. It played a critically important role in fostering political transparency through the advocacy efforts of the Jamaican NGO implementing it – National Integrity Action (NIA) through recently enacted political party registration and campaign finance regulation legislation. Internationally, Transparency International‘s decision to make NIA the country’s official TI country chapter, selecting its Executive Director to serve on the team which developed TI’s new Strategy 2020 – serves as recognition of its ability to replicate its approach throughout the Caribbean.", + "Key Recommendations": "Adapting the Project’s targeted outreach to schools, communities, churches, universities and youth groups, especially at-risk youth, would also help to recruit and train the next generation of anti- corruption champions. As specific legislative outcomes emerge from current debates, USAID is also encouraged to partner with other IDPs to supplement the approach of a future Jamaican project with technical assistance to address continued roadblocks in the political and justice spheres.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.state.gov/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/Combatting-Corruption-in-Jamaica-Final.pdf", + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Ability to Influence Policy", + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Democracy, Human Rights, & Governance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Latin America and the Carribean" + ], + "Year": "2015" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Wilson Alexi Galo Núñez" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Honduras" + ], + "Document ID": "1510-Nuñez-HND", + "Document Title": "Local Capacities for Urban Disaster Risk Reduction and Response Final Report", + "Document Summary": "This document is a final report of \"the external end-line evaluation of the \"Local Capacities for Urban Disaster Risk Reduction and Response,\" which allows for identifying the final status of indicators during the Project\nimplementation to analyze and compare the initial situation stated at the Project's baseline. The evaluation included three phases, the first phase was desk work, the second phase was participatory fieldwork, and the third was the preparation of the final report. It presents the primary outcome obtained during the participatory evaluation process of the \"Local Capacities for Urban Disaster Risk Reduction and Response\" project, implemented by World Vision Honduras and funded by the Agency for International Development, Office of Foreign Disaster Assistance, USAID / OFDA. The evaluation starts with exhausted and detailed research on aspects like project design, projection and implementation, participation of counterparts, management, fundraising, and the impact on beneficiaries.\n\nThe methodology employed in the external evaluation has included the revision of information and documents available, interviews with key informants, coordination of the Project from the technical team, and institutional linkage to the development of activities, including focus groups to members of local risk management structures. Qualitative techniques have been fundamentally used to collect data and information that has supported the evaluation's conclusions and recommendations. ", + "Key Findings": "We conclude that the capacities in management, implementation of planned activities, obtained outcomes and disaster preparedness and response from the structures created are evident in World Vision in terms of development.\n\nHowever, since there isn’t a follow-up and sustainability plan defined by the municipality there is grave risk that the capacities built within the communities will not have the expected impact.\n\nSustainability of the processes started in the education sector require a greater commitment from the education authorities. \n\nThe activities described in the school security plan must be included in the annual planning of each school and they must be aligned to the PEC in order to monitor its implementation at least once a year.", + "Key Recommendations": "As a recommendation we can define the importance of having in writing a permanent linkage strategy between the technical staff of the private non-sponsorship project and the ADP facilitator, in future interventions, in order to complement actions that will contribute to positioning the work carried out by the organizations in the HEA permanent programmes.\n\nAdditionally, it is recommended that WV and the CODEM prepare a transition and follow-up plan to the activities involving the MNIGR and CODEL in order to ensure proper monitoring, taking into account the achievements of the project and the challenges that remain after the project’s intervention. \n\nEspecially in the creation of action protocols between municipal structures, Regional N°6 from COPECO, MNIGR and private sector to ensure that proper and efficient response is being given when an emergency or disaster happens in the urban context.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://urban-links.org/resource/local-capacities-for-urban-disaster-risk-reduction-and-response-final-evaluation-report/", + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "World Vision" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Humanitarian Assistance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "USAID Region": [ + "Latin America and the Carribean" + ], + "Year": "2015" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Marc Shapiro", + "George B. Schaeffer", + "Anand Subbiah", + "Zaheer Ahmed Athar", + "Husain Babur", + "Faisal Haye", + "Muhammad Danish" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Pakistan" + ], + "Document ID": "1510-Shapi-PAK", + "Document Title": "Energy Policy Program's End-of-Project Performance Evaluation", + "Document Summary": "This document is an energy policy program’s end-of-project performance evaluation report, which was produced at the request of the United States Agency for International Development and was prepared independently by Management Systems International’s Performance Management Support Contract (PERFORM). This final performance evaluation aims to assess whether EPP achieved its planned results and prospects for their sustainability. In addition, the assessment identifies lessons and provides recommendations to guide the implementation of the follow-on activity designed by USAID/Pakistan’s Energy Office to support the energy sector in Pakistan. \n\nThe evaluation used a mixed-methods design for data collection and analysis, drawing data from both primary and secondary sources. The team collected preliminary qualitative data through semi-structured interviews with EPP stakeholders and conducted site visits to observe program interventions. The evaluation team relied on secondary quantitative data from EPP’s monitoring and evaluation system, administrative data related to the Pakistan power sector, and plant and unit-level activity logs from facilities providing data. The evaluation also used secondary qualitative data collected from program reports and other documents. These included contractual documents, quarterly and annual reports, monitoring and evaluation reports, EPP training evaluation forms, and technical assessments and studies. The team triangulated findings across sources and methods whenever possible. ", + "Key Findings": "• USAID’s investments in generation through G2G grants and facilitated by EPP were cost effective with high rates of return. \n• EPP’s greatest impact and highest value added in governance and policy has been in the gas sector, where capacity and knowledge were most lacking. \n• EPP appropriately targeted human capacity building through trainings, study tours, seminars and internships designed to support generation, transmission, and distribution. \n• Conditions for system-wide financial sustainability are weak, resulting in insufficient spending on operations and maintenance (O&M) and long-term capital replacement.\n", + "Key Recommendations": "1. Leveraging its success, USAID should continue to facilitate importing and transporting liquefied natural gas.\n\n2. To support overhauling transmission networks, USAID should encourage and support implementation of the technical audits undertaken during EPP.\n\n3. USAID should consider supporting work on gas-related policies and agreements, subsidy targeting, amendments to the Electricity Act, and policies supporting improvements in DISCOs’ commercial operations.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00KWMM.pdf", + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Risk-Mitigation and Flexible Authorities" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Conflict" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Afghanistan and Pakistan" + ], + "Year": "2015" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Benedict Sheehy" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "1510-Sheeh-GLO-pr", + "Document Title": "Defining CSR: Problems and Solutions", + "Document Summary": "The ubiquity of the term CSR threatens its distinctive carrying meaning. Despite its long history, a consensus has yet to be developed among industry participants, academics, or other interested parties. After a careful review of the complications and complexities of the CSR debate and distinct disciplinary definitions, the article approaches the problem of definition using the philosophy of science. It applies a scientific definitional approach of genus, differentia, and species to define CSR as international private business self-regulation. The article provides an overview of the implications of this definition on CSR as a field of study, a management practice, and an approach to improving the dialogue concerning the social contribution of business.\n\nThis article has argued that defining CSR is an essential and urgent task. The legal, financial, and political investments make its definition imperative. Defining CSR as international private business regulation answers that crucial and provides a unifying framework. In addition, understanding CSR as global private business regulation validates the critical behavioral focus of CSR. Further, it gives clarity concerning CSR’s normative objects. It provides a genus or foundation and both differential and species upon which to build further for developing, operationalizing, evaluating, and reforming CSR inquiry, scholarship, and practice. It provides a framework for scholars, managers, NGOs, and governments to explain and justify what resources should be invested, what behaviors are expected, and who should be involved in the processes. \n\nFinally, the paper highlights that understanding CSR as a particular genus, differentia, and species of social phenomena and defining it as a form of international private self-regulation focused on the reduction and mitigation of industrial harms and provision of good public moves beyond the prior definitional efforts which focused on collecting, classifying and describing. Having this definition then allows for an organized, more focused debate on the issues appropriate to regulation, namely; what is to be regulated; for what purposes or objectives; who is to administer the regulation; using what resources; and how the costs and benefits are to be distributed.", + "Key Findings": "The ubiquity of the term CSR threatens its carrying any distinctive meaning. Despite its long history no consensus has been developed among the industry participants, academics or other interested parties. After a careful review of the complications and complexities of the CSR debate and distinct disciplinary definitions, the article turns to approach the problem of definition using the philosophy of science. It applies a scientific definitional approach of genus, differentia and species to arrive at a definition of CSR as international private business selfregulation. The article provides an overview of the implications of this definition on CSR as a field of study, a management practice and an approach to improving the dialogue concerning the social contribution of business.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-014-2281-x", + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Ability to Influence Policy" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;", + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Journal of Business Ethics" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Economic Growth", + "Environment/Climate Change", + "Democracy, Human Rights, & Governance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Peer-reviewed article or other research report", + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2015" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Barnaby Willitts-King" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Nepal" + ], + "Document ID": "1510-WILLI-NPL", + "Document Title": "Building Resilience in Nepal through Public-Private Partnerships", + "Document Summary": "The paper \"Building Resilience in Nepal through Public-Private Partnerships\" uses case reviews of the 2015 earthquake in Nepal, which killed over 8,000 people and destroyed or damaged hundreds of thousands of buildings. It assesses how buildings and key economy parts, such as tourism, can be more resilient and describes potential resilience building through public-private partnership activities. As with the World Economic Forum’s report, \"Managing the Risk and Impact of Future Epidemics: Options for Public-Private Cooperation\" (June 2015), this use case aims to expand the dialogue between the private sector, civil society, the international community, and leaders both in Nepal and in other countries that are at risk from such disasters. \n\nThe significant impact of the 2015 earthquake on the Nepali economy and tourism industry highlights gaps in resilience, particularly in business continuity planning and crisis response and in implementing and enforcing building standards. Thus, renewed efforts are needed to prepare together for future events. Given the poor quality of construction in the Kathmandu Valley and rural areas, analysts suggest that a future earthquake could have a heightened catastrophic impact on buildings and people.\n\nThis case study report specifically assesses innovations that the private sector can bring in working towards the resilience goals of (i) Building resilience into houses: how to ensure the high quality and availability of local building materials and technical expertise for multi-hazard construction methods; how to guide local authorities and owners in implementing the building code, gaining a better understanding of local risks, and developing more local technical capacity; and how to use subsidies or financing as an incentive to rebuild safely, ii) Ensuring safe schools: assessing the cost and benefits of retrofitting schools and how to provide technical support to improve school safety; and iii) Enabling tourism: how to utilize public-private partnerships to encourage tourism, which was seriously affected by the earthquake and is a crucial component of Nepal’s economy.\n", + "Key Findings": "Key Findings: (pg.5)\n1. Resilience is a social and political issue as much as an economic and developmental one. Efforts to “build back better” must also incorporate support for Nepal’s political transition as a foundation for resilience.\n2. Strengthening pre-established partnerships between the public and private sectors can improve responses to and reduce the impacts of future emergencies.\n3. Crucial economic sectors, such as tourism and construction, can benefit from public-private cooperation for recovery and reconstruction.\n4. Implementing and enforcing building codes and focusing on making schools safe should be a high priority in reconstruction efforts.\n5. Retrofitting to make existing houses more “earthquake- resilient” can save lives and reduce economic losses, and can be done in an affordable way that uses locally available skills and technologies.\n6. The private sector can offer unique expertise, capability and capacity for the Nepali government’s reconstruction efforts.\n7. Public-private partnerships and innovative financing arrangements can be crucial parts of reconstruction and building resilience in Nepal.", + "Key Recommendations": "1. PPPs should be a crucial component of this approach to building resilience, and can help address the need for financing by providing grants or loans to encourage adherence to building codes. (23)\n2. The post-earthquake push to “build back better” should be harnessed towards progressing Nepal’s political transition as a foundation for future resilience. (23)\n3. NGOs and national champions of conflict sensitivity can offer\nguidance to the government agencies and companies leading the reconstruction effort to support the integration of a peacebuilding approach to both reconstruction and resilience.(23)\n\n", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www3.weforum.org/docs/GAC15_Building_Resilience_in_Nepal_report_1510.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Engineering & Construction", + "Other" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "African Risk Capacity (ARC)" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge", + "Risk-Mitigation and Flexible Authorities" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "World Economic Forum" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Humanitarian Assistance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Industry Publication", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Financial Institution, Investors, and Intermediaries" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Asia" + ], + "Year": "2015" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "David Wofford", + "Marat Yu", + "Lauren Shields", + "Maria Pontes" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "1510-Woffo-GLO", + "Document Title": "Health Facility Guidelines and Management Benchmarks: Improving Workplace Health Services and Health Management in Factories, Farms, and Other Workplaces in Low- and Middle-income Countries", + "Document Summary": "This guidance document provides the management of international brands or retailers and their supplier companies with a set of voluntary guidelines for improving the health and well-being of workers in factories, farms, and other workplaces. It focuses on the quality of health services provided at the workplace and the adequacy of company policies and management systems to ensure that workers have access to health services. The guidelines address worker health using a gender lens, considering the women workers’ specific health needs, which are different from that of men workers and are often overlooked by managers. The guidelines provide management direction in assessing the quality of a company’s health functions and set concrete targets. The purpose is to produce better health and business results from their existing workplace health and wellness investments, allocate resources more effectively, and address high-priority needs of women and men workers while creating shared value for the communities where companies operate. The guidelines mainly focused on three areas: i) Health Services – what practices and standards should be met by the health facility and its staff at the workplace; ii) Management Systems – how the enterprise should manage health services and staff; and iii) Corporate Leadership and Policies – how leadership should support the achievement of health standards and better, more integrated management of health operations.\n\nThe guidelines also have relevance for the leadership of MNCs in meeting global commitments, including obligations to respect and support human rights, and the departments of MNCs directly involved in brand supplier relationships, including purchasing, compliance, corporate social responsibility, human resources, and occupational health and safety (OSH) staff, Organizations that audit workplaces for compliance to corporate standards and policies, and the Government agencies that are responsible for the health of workers and communities.", + "Internet URL of Document": "http://evidenceproject.popcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/Health-Facility-Guidelines-and-Management-Benchmarks_FINAL_October-2015.pdf", + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "The Population Council" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Health" + ], + "Type of Document": "Industry Publication", + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2015" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "World Economic Forum" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Nepal" + ], + "Document ID": "1510-World-NPL", + "Document Title": "Building Resilience in Nepal through Public-Private Partnerships", + "Document Summary": "This report aims to inform USAID by reviewing the agency’s counter-Lord’s Resistance Army (C-LRA) programming generally since 2010/2011, but more specifically as embodied in the Secure, Empowered Connected Communities (SECC) activity. The report evaluates program outputs, outcomes, and impacts relative to the proposed goal, Theory of Change (TOC), and the broader United States Government (USG) C-LRA context. The report assesses and evaluates USAID C-LRA programming more broadly and then, where appropriate, specifically under the SECC program. Catholic Relief Services (CRS), in partnership with Search for Common Ground (SFCG) and Caritas Bangassou, comprises the SECC team. Based on a review and analysis of the data, the report found that LRA-affected communities in DRC and CAR have been empowered since 2010. SECC achieved many of its performance targets in CAR, but the evidence from DRC is inconclusive due to its later start-up. USAID’s C-LRA objectives are sound, but its theory of change (TOC) was not explicitly stated and is challenging to validate. Examples of social tensions have developed a) between communities that received consistent C-LRA treatment and those that have not, and b) within communities between beneficiaries who have received consistent C-LRA treatment and those who have not. There were considerable delays in SECC implementation, caused partly by a lack of consistent—and in situ—management and oversight by USAID. As described more fully in the evaluation section of this report, the critical components of USAID-funded C-LRA activities are successfully working but not always consistently and effectively. ", + "Key Findings": "• Resilience is a social and political issue as much as an economic and developmental one. Efforts to “build back better” must also incorporate support for Nepal’s political transition as a foundation for resilience. \n• Strengthening pre-established partnerships between the public and private sectors can improve responses to and reduce the impacts of future emergencies. \n• Crucial economic sectors, such as tourism and construction, can benefit from public-private cooperation for recovery and reconstruction. – Implementing and enforcing building codes and focusing on making schools safe should be a high priority in reconstruction efforts. \n• Retrofitting to make existing houses more “earthquake- resilient” can save lives and reduce economic losses, and can be done in an affordable way that uses locally available skills and technologies. \n• The private sector can offer unique expertise, capability and capacity for the Nepali government’s reconstruction efforts. \n• Public-private partnerships and innovative financing arrangements can be crucial parts of reconstruction and building resilience in Nepal.\n", + "Internet URL of Document": "http://www3.weforum.org/docs/GAC15_Building_Resilience_in_Nepal_report_1510.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Engineering & Construction", + "Hospitality/Tourism" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Shiva Cement", + "Hongshi Holdings", + "Dangote Cement Nepal" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities", + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "World Economic Forum" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Economic Growth", + "Humanitarian Assistance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Micro, Small, or Medium Enterprise" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Asia" + ], + "Year": "2015" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Cecilia Brady", + "Brett Johnson", + "Tess Zakaras" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global", + "El Salvador", + "Colombia", + "Serbia", + "Bangladesh", + "India", + "Kenya", + "Philippines", + "Sri Lanka" + ], + "Document ID": "1511-Brady-GLO", + "Document Title": "Local Private Sector Partnerships: Assessing the State of Practice in USAID's Partnerships with Local Private Sector Actors", + "Document Summary": "This paper is the first broad assessment of the state of practice in USAID’s local private sector partnerships (LPSPs), focusing on collaborations where local firms co-invest with the agency around areas of mutual interest. Drawing on the insights of more than thirty USAID colleagues worldwide and in Washington, the paper explores the dynamics of USAID’s partnerships with local private sector actors and how they differ from USAID’s partnerships with multinational companies. In addition, several short profiles were developed to accompany this paper; these explore individual local partnerships in greater detail. \n\nThe paper details the forces raising the profile of local partnerships: the Sustainable Development Goals, adopted in September 2015, envision a clear role for the private sector in the ambitious framework for addressing extreme poverty, inequality, and injustice. Interviews for this paper revealed five sources of value that local partners can bring to USAID. First, local partners can draw upon local networks, connecting the agency to other key players in the local system. Next, local businesses are often intimately familiar with local systems because they may have a higher risk tolerance. Local companies’ long-term commitment to the local market was a third factor cited. Next, it was found that certain local partners were more flexible or responsive and that direct access to high-level decision-makers could mean quicker action on partnership matters. Finally, a positive demonstration effect can occur when a local firm engages in social issues.\n\nThe paper sheds light on how local economic and political issues can shape USAID’s ability to partner locally; these issues can also make local engagement much more complicated for the agency. The paper looks at how missions are currently working to identify, build, and implement LPSPs. The paper summarizes the emerging insights on local partnerships that should be useful across the agency.\n", + "Key Findings": "This assessment revealed several key messages from the current state of practice: Partnerships with local companies can deliver unique and significant value to collaborations with USAID. Depending on the context, USAID can derive distinct benefits from LPSPs that may be different from partnerships with multinational companies. Local partners offer access to local networks and, potentially, local investments. The value of their deep local knowledge was highlighted by nearly everyone interviewed for this paper, citing the particular benefits of “homegrown solutions” for local development challenges. Sometimes this local knowledge translated into a higher tolerance for risk, as exemplified in the Chocolate Tumaco partnership in Colombia. USAID colleagues also felt that local firms are often inextricably committed to the local market and that this connection can benefit Agency partnerships. “They are in it for the long run,” said a colleague. Flexibility and responsiveness were also mentioned — local partners are sometimes perceived as more accessible and more willing to change course mid-stream. Finally, and most critically, when local partners change their perspective on engagement around social issues, this can have a powerful and significant effect. “Our partnership woke up the [local] corporate world to the benefits of doing good,” said a colleague in Africa. Local companies also find distinct benefits to partnering with USAID. Colleagues reported that local partners appreciate USAID’s convening power — including its connections to international organizations and its government-to-government relationships — in ways that multinational companies may not. \nThis fact prompted one colleague to assert, “USAID has far more relevance [in this country] through convening power than through budget.” Local partners also value the Agency’s ability to connect them to international networks and expertise, and to act as a neutral party in complex situations. Local companies are motivated to invest in social and environmental issues for a variety of reasons; these reasons are best understood within the context of the local system. Local systems are likely to shape LPSPs to a greater extent than partnerships with international firms. Specifically, national politics and domestic economic issues can play a role in ways that may not be relevant for multinational partners. For example, a local company’s ties to certain politicians or political parties may have implications for partnerships with USAID. Local firms engage around social issues from a variety of perspectives. Local company partnerships can be analyzed along the spectrum from philanthropy to “shared value” approaches, but these terms may be nuanced in the local context. Most colleagues interviewed for this paper thought that these concepts were often less developed in the countries where USAID works. “Firms [here] are still learning why [social] investments are important,” said one colleague. Some colleagues saw a role for USAID in advising local firms on how to make Corporate Social Responsibility approaches more strategic. \nOthers saw value in encouraging local firms to consider more shared value approaches. “We want thought leaders in the local private sector,” said one colleague. Another added, “Our effort to engage [local companies] is a very significant opportunity to encourage them to be globally responsible.” USAID practitioners can draw upon a wealth of LPSP knowledge and experience that exists across the Agency. Although this paper is a first assessment and identifies emerging trends, Agency colleagues can explore multiple models and approaches that have been successful in a variety of contexts. Interviews identified how Missions are engaging local partners, through focusing on strong relationships, mapping the local private sector, and using annual program statements. Although the due diligence process for local partners can be challenging, many colleagues are drawing on local networks to assess partnering risk. Finally, Mission colleagues have found success in technical approaches such as embedding local partners into existing USAID activities, utilizing procurement instruments that would allow relatively small co-investments, asking implementing partners to manage local company relationships, and linking technical assistance to local partnerships.\n", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://2017-2020.usaid.gov/sites/default/files/documents/15396/Local%20Private%20Sector%20Partnerships%20Feb%2016%20update%20to%20cover.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Technology", + "Financial Services", + "Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, and Hunting", + "Food & Beverage" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Grupo Agrisal", + "Casa Luker", + "DNA Communications", + "Golden Harvest", + "Orion Telekom", + "FICCI", + "Smart Communications", + "ICICI Bank", + "Equity Bank", + "Daya Apparel Export (Pvt) Ltd (DAEL)" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Flexibility and Pace", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Reputation and Credible Convening Power", + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships", + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge", + "Risk-Mitigation and Flexible Authorities" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;", + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Advancing Learning and Market Research;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "US Global Development Lab" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "Systematic review or Meta-analysis", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "For-profit approach that generates sustainable income", + "Formal Sector", + "Financial Institution, Investors, and Intermediaries", + "Micro, Small, or Medium Enterprise", + "Large Enterprise", + "Regional Business", + "Multi-national Business", + "American Business" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2015" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Cecilia Brady", + "Brett Johnson", + "Tess Zakaras" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global", + "El Salvador", + "Colombia", + "Serbia", + "Bangladesh", + "India", + "Kenya", + "Philippines", + "Sri Lanka" + ], + "Document ID": "1511-Brady-MLT", + "Document Title": "Local Private Sector Partnerships: Assessing the State of Practice in USAID's Partnerships with Local Private Sector Actors", + "Document Summary": "This paper is the first broad assessment of the state of practice in USAID’s local private sector partnerships (LPSPs), focusing on collaborations where local firms co-invest with the agency around areas of mutual interest. Drawing on the insights of more than thirty USAID colleagues worldwide and in Washington, the paper explores the dynamics of USAID’s partnerships with local private sector actors and how they differ from USAID’s partnerships with multinational companies. In addition, several short profiles were developed to accompany this paper; these explore individual local partnerships in greater detail.\n\nThe paper details the forces raising the profile of local partnerships: the Sustainable Development Goals, adopted in September 2015, envision a clear role for the private sector in the ambitious framework for addressing extreme poverty, inequality, and injustice. Interviews for this paper revealed five sources of value that local partners can bring to USAID. First, local partners can draw upon local networks, connecting the agency to other key players in the local system. Next, because local businesses are often intimately familiar with local systems, they may have a higher risk tolerance. Local companies’ long-term commitment to the local market was a third factor cited. Next, it was found that certain local partners were more flexible or responsive and that direct access to high-level decision-makers could mean quicker action on partnership matters. Finally, colleagues talked about the positive demonstration effect that can occur when a local firm engages in social issues.\n\nThe paper sheds light on how local economic and political issues can shape USAID’s ability to partner locally; these issues can also make local engagement much more complicated for agency colleagues. The paper looks at how missions are currently working to identify, build, and implement LPSPs. It also provides a range of approaches, ideas, and advice for mapping and engaging local partners, for effective relationship-building, conducting due diligence and assessing risk, structuring partnerships that can adapt to smaller local investments, and connecting local partners to the technical assistance and support they need to maximize partnership impact. Finally, the paper summarizes the emerging insights on local partnerships that should be useful across the agency.\n", + "Key Findings": "This assessment revealed several key messages from the current state of practice: Partnerships with local companies can deliver unique and significant value to collaborations with USAID. Depending on the context, USAID can derive distinct benefits from LPSPs that may be different from partnerships with multinational companies. Local partners offer access to local networks and, potentially, local investments. The value of their deep local knowledge was highlighted by nearly everyone interviewed for this paper, citing the particular benefits of “homegrown solutions” for local development challenges. Sometimes this local knowledge translated into a higher tolerance for risk, as exemplified in the Chocolate Tumaco partnership in Colombia. USAID colleagues also felt that local firms are often inextricably committed to the local market and that this connection can benefit Agency partnerships. “They are in it for the long run,” said a colleague. Flexibility and responsiveness were also mentioned — local partners are sometimes perceived as more accessible and more willing to change course mid-stream. Finally, and most critically, when local partners change their perspective on engagement around social issues, this can have a powerful and significant effect. “Our partnership woke up the [local] corporate world to the benefits of doing good,” said a colleague in Africa. Local companies also find distinct benefits to partnering with USAID. ", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://2017-2020.usaid.gov/sites/default/files/documents/15396/Local%20Private%20Sector%20Partnerships%20Feb%2016%20update%20to%20cover.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Technology", + "Financial Services", + "Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, and Hunting", + "Food & Beverage" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Daya Apparel Export (Pvt) Ltd (DAEL)", + "Smart Communications", + "Equity Bank", + "FICCI", + "ICICI Bank", + "Golden Harvest", + "Orion Telekom", + "DNA Communications", + "Casa Luker", + "Grupo Agrisal" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Flexibility and Pace", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Reputation and Credible Convening Power", + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships", + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge", + "Risk-Mitigation and Flexible Authorities" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Advancing Learning and Market Research;", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;", + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "US Global Development Lab" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "Systematic review or Meta-analysis", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "For-profit approach that generates sustainable income", + "Formal Sector", + "Financial Institution, Investors, and Intermediaries", + "Micro, Small, or Medium Enterprise", + "Large Enterprise", + "Regional Business", + "Multi-national Business", + "American Business" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2015" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Rob Grossman-Vermaas", + "Paul Bukuluki", + "Cecile Collin", + "Joseph Ogeto", + "Kara Federico", + "Sam Malmberg" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Congo (Kinshasa)" + ], + "Document ID": "1511-Gross-COD", + "Document Title": "Performance Evaluation and Needs Assessment Report of USAID Programming to Communities Affected by the Lord’s Resistance Army in Central Africa", + "Document Summary": "This report aims to inform USAID by reviewing the agency’s counter-Lord’s Resistance Army (C-LRA) programming generally since 2010/2011, but more specifically as embodied in the Secure, Empowered Connected Communities (SECC) activity. The report evaluates program outputs, outcomes, and impacts relative to the proposed goal, Theory of Change (TOC), and the broader United States Government (USG) C-LRA context. The report assesses and evaluates USAID C-LRA programming more broadly and then, where appropriate, specifically under the SECC program. Catholic Relief Services (CRS), in partnership with Search for Common Ground (SFCG) and Caritas Bangassou, comprises the SECC team. Based on a review and analysis of the data, the report found that LRA-affected communities in DRC and CAR have been empowered since 2010. SECC achieved many of its performance targets in CAR, but the evidence from DRC is inconclusive due to its later start-up. USAID’s C-LRA objectives are sound, but its theory of change (TOC) was not explicitly stated and is challenging to validate. Examples of social tensions have developed a) between communities that received consistent C-LRA treatment and those that have not, and b) within communities between beneficiaries who have received consistent C-LRA treatment and those who have not. There were considerable delays in SECC implementation, caused partly by a lack of consistent—and in situ—management and oversight by USAID. As described more fully in the evaluation section of this report, the critical components of USAID-funded C-LRA activities are successfully working but not always consistently and effectively. ", + "Key Findings": "Some colleagues saw a role for USAID in advising local firms on how to make Corporate Social Responsibility approaches more strategic. Others saw value in encouraging local firms to consider more shared value approaches. “We want thought leaders in the local private sector,” said one colleague. Another added, “Our effort to engage [local companies] is a very significant opportunity to encourage them to be globally responsible.” USAID practitioners can draw upon a wealth of LPSP knowledge and experience that exists across the Agency. Although this paper is a first assessment and identifies emerging trends, Agency colleagues can explore multiple models and approaches that have been successful in a variety of contexts. Interviews identified how Missions are engaging local partners, through focusing on strong relationships, mapping the local private sector, and using annual program statements. Although the due diligence process for local partners can be challenging, many colleagues are drawing on local networks to assess partnering risk. Finally, Mission colleagues have found success in technical approaches such as embedding local partners into existing USAID activities, utilizing procurement instruments that would allow relatively small co-investments, asking implementing partners to manage local company relationships, and linking technical assistance to local partnerships.", + "Key Recommendations": "USAID Program Implementation and Design\n1. The team recommends that any future USAID C-LRA activity develop and implement a clear sustainability strategy for building the capacity of community structures to continue managing, maintaining, and operating ICT for community-based protection and EWS (and in particular the FM radios and HF radios).\n\nManagement:\n1. The team recommends USAID initiate an analysis on how to better implement community-based conflict recovery programs and activities as contributing and enabling parts of an overarching (but integrated) set of USG and USAID goals in the region.\n\nCoordination\n1. The team recommends that USAID consider a conceptualization of its C-LRA activities that more clearly delineates and de-conflicts competing or redundant programming between Invisible Children and USAID’s C-LRA programming.\n\nPerformance Monitoring\n1. The team recommends that any future refinement and redevelopment of USAID C-LRA activities include a rigorous, yet operationally flexible and responsive, monitoring and evaluation plan.\n\nStrategic Considerations\n1. At its heart, the LRA problem is nested within much broader security and development issues. Therefore any solution to this problem will require a more holistic, multi-sector approach.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.slideshare.net/RobertGrossmanVermaa/clra-program-evaluation-and-needs-assessment-55715419", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Telecommunications" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Vodacom" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Conflict", + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Peace & Security" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "For-profit approach that generates sustainable income", + "Formal Sector", + "Large Enterprise", + "Multi-national Business", + "Local Business" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2015" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Philippe Phanol", + "Antoine Wesner", + "Bétonus Pierre" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Haiti" + ], + "Document ID": "1511-Phano-HTI", + "Document Title": "Haiti Improved Cooking Technology Program (ICTP)", + "Document Summary": "The final evaluation report of Haiti’s Improved Cooking Technology Program (ICTP) determines the impact of the ICTP, while achieving the project objective to set Haiti on a path toward long-term sustainable cooking solutions and achieve a significant reduction in charcoal consumption by large users and households. Based on data collected in the field, major findings regarding the establishment of a local market for (ICS) highlight that the program has established some necessary bases to institute an improved cookstoves market in the metropolitan area of Port-au-Prince, but the massive switch from traditional cookstoves to improved cookstoves is still to be achieved, the conversion rate from charcoal to LPG is still low. Many large users are still to be converted. Overall, the project has the merit of having achieved almost all that was planned. However, the outcome of this project component, which was the adoption of an efficient regulatory framework, was not met. \n\nIn conclusion, the report highlights that ICTP’s carbon component accumulated a great quantity of information by conducting different studies which complied with CDM and Gold Standard methodologies, allowing independent Haitian stove manufacturers to apply for carbon credits under the Gold Standard scheme in the future. In spite of the decline in the price of carbon credit, there is still room to implement relevant projects in Haiti. It is, however, very difficult to affirm that a well-established carbon market has been achieved in Haiti by the project. Whether or not the project has influenced the carbon market is not an easy question to answer because no carbon credit has been delivered as a result of the project which would provide financing for stoves and make them affordable for those less fortunate. The absence or the presence of the carbon credit component of the ICTP project has not influenced the stove market, but when the whole cycle is completed it should have a tremendous influence on the stove market. \n", + "Key Findings": "• The project established and strengthened local institutions and entities of the GoH to produce cookstoves\n\n• Media campaign for LPG was a success, reaching out to a high percentage of large users\n\n• The project has the merit of having achieved almost all that was planned.\n\n• Three (3) carbon credit projects are currently in implementation or in the registration process in Haiti.", + "Key Recommendations": "1. Supporting manufacturers to better promote improved stoves and be able to produce much more for about 400,000 households living around the metropolitan area.\n\n2. The reasons that keep the users from changing energy sources are mainly the risks of explosion and funding. It is therefore recommended a second phase to build on the base of the project. This would be the opportunity to strengthen the media campaign with clear messages about the security measures and benefits of LPG. The communication on the safety aspects must be strengthened in order to dispel the fear that usually draws its origin from the lack of information. Messages should be clear and compelling as well to carry people to action.\n\n3. A team of technicians must be set up to reconcile and contextualize the various draft bills written until now. The bill must cover all aspects of the industry from importation, storage, transportation and sale. The bill must take into account the various components of the industry such as fire and safety, municipalities, TPTC, MDE, MCI, Ministry of Finances, BME, private sector representatives, etc.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://cleancooking.org/binary-data/CMP_CATALOG/file/000/000/96-1.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Energy", + "Retail" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "TOTAL Haiti SA", + "Micama", + "Ticadaie" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Ability to Influence Policy", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships", + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;", + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment", + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Health", + "Environment/Climate Change" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Local Business", + "Formal Sector", + "For-profit approach that generates sustainable income" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Latin America and the Carribean" + ], + "Year": "2015" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Stephanie Rotolo", + "Sarah Konopka", + "JoAnn Paradis", + "Thomas Hall" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Regional" + ], + "Document ID": "1511-Rotol-MLT", + "Document Title": "Health-Related Corporate Social Responsibility in Africa: a Multicountry Study", + "Document Summary": "This document is a review report on health-related CSR in Africa which focuses on identifying the business incentives, main approaches, and coordination efforts currently practiced for CSR. The resulting report provides a snapshot of time in an industry constantly evolving and becoming increasingly standardized. This brief provides an overview of the findings and key recommendations for USAID missions and Ministries of Health seeking to engage with the private sector through CSR. This study included a comprehensive review of peer-reviewed and grey literature on CSR investments in health in Africa, mapping companies supporting health initiatives through CSR, and targeted interviews with 28 key informants in four African countries and the United States. Key informants included corporate representatives and officials responsible for private sector engagement at Ministries of Health and USAID missions. Field interviews were conducted in Angola, Nigeria, South Africa, and Uganda. ", + "Key Findings": "Having a well-developed CSR program has become a standard for large global corporations. More companies have embraced the practice, now regularly disclosing their activities to investors and institutionalizing CSR by designating focused staff, developing a business case, integrating into planning and budgets, and by awareness of the need to act in a way that is sustainable as the company changes focus or location. Many companies have also created corporate foundations to manage CSR, which can review and evaluate activities independently of the corporation. The practice has become both strategic, through the development of guiding national working groups, and highly professionalized. A global industry now supports CSR development with training, guidelines, coordination, cooperation, and academic and professional credentials.", + "Key Recommendations": "1. Conduct periodic opportunity mapping assessments to gain\na better understanding of opportunities to partner with local and international companies in individual country contexts.\n\n2. Encourage formal membership and participation of corporations engaged in health-related CSR at health sector fora that meet regularly.\n\n3. Engage in local business council meetings where groups of\ncompanies from various industries discuss issues related to doing business in that country, including CSR-related issues.\n\n4. Conduct study tours to health-focused CSR sites (e.g. a health\nclinic in a mining community) to learn how companies implement their existing initiatives and identify potential approaches and resources that could be leveraged.\n\n5. Organize a high-level private sector forum or roundtable to introduce USAID to corporations with in-country operations or to discuss a specific development challenge.\n\n6. Strengthen the organizational capacity of Ministries of Health\nand local organizations to engage with the private sector through coaching, mentoring, and on-the-job training on skills related to partnership design, implementation, and evaluation.", + "Internet URL of Document": "http://www.africanstrategies4health.org/uploads/1/3/5/3/13538666/csr_technical_brief_final.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Pharmaceuticals", + "Telecommunications", + "Food & Beverage", + "Mining & Extractives", + "Financial Services", + "Health Care", + "Retail", + "Engineering & Construction" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Dangote Cement", + "Alcoa", + "Exxon", + "IKEA", + "McKesson", + "Royal Dutch Shell", + "Pfizer Inc.", + "Standard Bank", + "IBM", + "Safaricom", + "Mars", + "AngloGold Ashanti", + "Bristol-Myers Squibb" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness", + "Flexibility and Pace", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships", + "Reputation and Credible Convening Power" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;", + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Health" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Financial Institution, Investors, and Intermediaries", + "Multi-national Business", + "Regional Business", + "Formal Sector", + "Large Enterprise", + "American Business", + "For-profit approach that generates sustainable income", + "Micro, Small, or Medium Enterprise" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2015" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Social Impact" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Haiti" + ], + "Document ID": "1511-Socia-HTI", + "Document Title": "USAID/Haiti Feed the Future West/Watershed Initiative for National Natural Environmental Resources", + "Document Summary": "This report evaluates the performance of the USAID/Haiti Feed the Future (FtF) West/Watershed Initiative for National Natural Environmental Resources (WINNER) project and assesses the degree to which the WINNER project met its objectives and tested the underlying assumptions of the results framework. The report acknowledges that the WINNER Project made great strides in building farmers’ capacity in the corridors of Matheux and Cul de Sac to improve agricultural productivity. In particular, all stakeholders agree that the provision of improved inputs such as seeds and fertilizer, as well as technology such as plowing, and training for farmers, had tremendous effects on the agricultural productivity of farmers during the implementation of WINNER. The farmers in the project areas believed that work by WINNER in their community or in the surrounding uplands helped to increase their production through reduced flood risk and erosion, better soil protection and stability, and better crop growth or reduced crop losses. In terms of impact generated as a result of market information sharing in guiding farmer production and marketing decisions, the report shows that while only 37% of the sample received market information from any WINNER source, the great majority (almost 90%) of those who rated the information useful or very useful, with more than 80% saying they used the information for crop sales and planting decisions. The high utilization of WINNER’s information for decision-making suggests that it was very relevant to farmers' needs overall. As a result of project intervention, post-harvest losses for all focus crops declined during WINNER. ", + "Key Findings": "• During WINNER’s implementation, farmers achieved modest increases in crop yields for beans (10%), corn (14%) and plantain (3%).\n\n• The survey and qualitative data show that WINNER's watershed management activities were highly visible in the communities and perceived as beneficial by a large majority of respondents.\n\n• WINNER provided crop and market information through three channels: SMS messaging, farm extension workers (REAs), and the Rural Centers of Sustainable Development (CRDDs).\n\n• Post-harvest losses for all focus crops declined during WINNER.", + "Key Recommendations": "1. Increase collaboration with GoH.\n\n2. Utilize capacity assessments of project intermediaries to sharpen targeting of assistance.\n\n3. Focus on farmer needs prior to introducing innovations.\n\n4. Collaborate with water user associations and government.\n\n5. Scale up the SMS market information system.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.globalwaters.org/sites/default/files/haiti-ftf-west-watershed-evaluation.pdf", + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships", + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth", + "Conflict" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Environment/Climate Change", + "Agriculture and Food Security" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Latin America and the Carribean" + ], + "Year": "2015" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Social Impact" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Timor-Leste" + ], + "Document ID": "1511-Socia-TLS", + "Document Title": "Final Performance Evaluation of USAID’s Developing Agricultural Communities (DAC) Project", + "Document Summary": "The final performance evaluation report of the Developing Agricultural Communities (DAC) project extracts lessons learned and generates recommendations that USAID/Timor-Leste and implementing partners can incorporate into the Avansa Agrikultura project. Findings from the evaluation report will be disseminated by Mission staff to key stakeholders, project beneficiaries, and project implementers as appropriate. The findings show that the project was relevant because it provided training in improved technologies to farmers and increased their incomes by linking them to higher-value markets. Although farmers traditionally grow vegetables, DAC introduced them to new types of vegetables and enabled them to extend their growing season. In the meantime, the report indicates that the DAC project was relatively high cost as it benefited only 547 direct beneficiaries for a total project cost of USD 8.3 million; however, there was a demonstration effect with supermarkets extending similar technologies to new groups of farmers- this was done without project support. DAC’s training was particularly effective as it was of sufficient duration and combined theory and practice. There are issues of lack of sustainability. If supermarkets cease to support farmers the value chain is only sustainable if another buyer will fill the gap. Farmers are not sufficiently able to reinvest in their businesses and not many of them have access to credit institutions. The project’s impact is limited in relation to cost. At the beneficiary household level, the project had a significant impact, but very little at a national level. ", + "Key Findings": "Farmers were linked to supermarkets and in 2013 and 2014 the two main supermarkets purchased $278,000 and $373,000 worth of vegetables from DAC supported farmers, with an increase in value of 34% between 2013 and 20141. From our beneficiary survey, farmers reported an average weekly income of $70 from the sale of vegetables, selling on average for 46 weeks in the years. Median income was $50; there was a large variation in income per beneficiary with 86% of farmers earning less than $2,700 per year ($60 per week). The more diligent and committed farmers earned higher incomes. This income data was supported by project data which suggests that farmers’ sales to Kmanek (the largest supermarket buyer) were on average around $1,000 in 2014.", + "Key Recommendations": "If intending to support the commercialization of agriculture, projects should focus more on more commercially minded farmers and in strategic locations.\n\nProjects should also focus on producing crops that have some chance of being competitive in international markets because the domestic market is unable to absorb substantial amounts of additional production.\n\nFocusing on more commercially minded farmers in strategic locations will also make projects more cost effective, make logistics easier, and will have more chance of sustainability.\n\nThe DAC training model was a good one and should be adopted by other projects.\n\nThere is a need for better financial and economic analysis of enterprises, and across the value chain, so that donors, projects and the Government of Timor-Leste can make good investment decisions and promote the crops that have a sustainable market potential.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Acacio_Amaral3/publication/287207918_Final_Performance_Evaluation_of_USAID%27s_Developing_Agricultural_Communities_DAC_Project_2010_to_2015/links/5673a64508aee7a42744af4a.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Energy" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Conoco Phillips" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Agriculture and Food Security" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "American Business", + "For-profit approach that generates sustainable income", + "Formal Sector", + "Multi-national Business", + "Large Enterprise" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Asia" + ], + "Year": "2015" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Southern Hemisphere" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Botswana" + ], + "Document ID": "1511-South-BWA-A", + "Document Title": "USAID Botswana Performance Evaluation - Tsela Kgopo Gender and OVC Project Final Report", + "Document Summary": "This evaluation report determines whether the project had been implemented as planned; what the strengths and challenges were in implementation, whether there were signs of the intended results (outcomes); and how program effectiveness could be enhanced. A qualitative research design, comprising semi-structured interviews (SSIs) and focus group discussions (FGD) was used for this performance evaluation. In evaluating the strategic approach and theory of change, the findings show that the TK Project is relevant to the needs of OVCs and their families and complements the services of the government. The program’s effectiveness could have been strengthened through the inclusion of particularly vulnerable children like those on farms and streets; strengthening the support for establishing referral systems for IPs and improving the capacity of the grantee to provide better support to IPs. Despite these capacity-building challenges, the TK Project has provided organizations with a platform to grow in the quality and quantity of it services. Generally, performance against activities set out in work plans and the cooperative agreement was varied. This is also hindered by reporting that is not aligned with work plans. However, in terms of achievement against Key Result Areas, the results are positive. In terms of the likelihood of the project achieving its desired end results, there are signs of positive outcomes, across all objective areas, but there is insufficient evidence to be able to conclude whether this will in fact lead to improved quality of life of OVCs.", + "Key Findings": "The TK Project has been well designed to meet the needs of OVCs and their families and has taken services too hard to reach areas. However, the demand for services has not been met as there are vulnerable areas, and particular sub-groups of OVCs (e.g. children on farms and streets) that are still not being reached. The CFC approach is a holistic model of care that facilitates the provision of a range of services to meet the needs of the family. The key strengths of this approach are the identification of vulnerable households and service provision at household level.", + "Key Recommendations": "• There needs to be a purposeful effort by future grantees, IPs and the GoB to target children with disabilities, children on farms, children on streets and children who have dropped out of school in future OVC programmes.\n• Programme strategies for including men and boys need to be implemented or strengthened by future grantees, IPs and the GoB where they do exist.\n• The GROW model demonstrates a lot of potential and can be strengthened through consolidating linkages with existing government economic and livelihood programmes; the selection of appropriate IGAs; and better mentoring support for IGAs.\n• The Aflateen programme must be adapted by grantees to ensure that the content is relevant to the needs and interests of the youth.\n• For programmes such as the YEP, grantees should ensure that linkages with appropriate government and private sector youth empowerment interventions.\n`", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00M971.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Financial Services", + "Business Services" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Barclays Bank", + "BiZkid" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments", + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;", + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Democracy, Human Rights, & Governance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Financial Institution, Investors, and Intermediaries", + "Local Business", + "For-profit approach that generates sustainable income", + "Large Enterprise", + "Multi-national Business", + "Formal Sector" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2015" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Southern Hemisphere" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Botswana" + ], + "Document ID": "1511-South-BWA-B", + "Document Title": "Performance Evaluation of the USAID Botswana HIV and AIDS Civil Society Strengthening Project-Maatla", + "Document Summary": "The performance evaluation of the Civil Society Strengthening Project to support HIV and AIDs and related service delivery in Botswana describes whether the project had been implemented as planned or not; what the strengths and challenges were in implementation; whether there were signs of the intended results (outcomes); and provides the ways on enhancing the program effectiveness. \n\nThe overall finding is that Maatla has helped to strengthen the HIV/AIDS response at the national and district level, by contributing to the organizational strengthening of the CSOs responsible for implementing the civil society response. The main OD achievements for Result 1 were the strengthening of the governance of the participating organizations and creating a group of governance trainers who can continue to strengthen this aspect of civil society in Botswana. The report indicates that the challenges with governance have been the root cause of much of the funding problems of CSOs in Botswana. Three out of the four implementing organizations took full advantage of their participation in Maatla, but a strategic opportunity was missed with BONASO to deliver on their mandate as per the strategic framework for Botswana’s HIV and AIDS service organizations. The project also helped to strengthen service delivery and strengthen health systems in the identified hard to reach districts though the referral system and the implementation of MoH guidelines and the development of models such as the PDHP, CATCH, and the referral system. Practices can be carried forward into the next round of PEPFAR and since USAID will be working with FHI360 and some of the same sub-partners what has worked well in Maatla will be transferred into PEPFAR 3. However, the sustainability of what has been achieved in the districts where USAID will not be working is questionable as the sub-partners do not have the required funds to continue with the services at the same level. Further, BOCONGO and BONASO are not likely to carry out the organizational capacity building and technical support continuity role that was envisaged in the initial project design under result 3.", + "Key Findings": "• The capacity building components are more effective when delivered in a structured way as demonstrated by the Governance training.\n\n• Capacity building addressing the gaps identified in the capacity assessment and followed up with extensive mentoring on site is a useful model to ensure that organizations are truly developed to provide service delivery.\n\n• The main lesson learned was that it is not realistic to take an organization in crisis, such as BONASO, and expect to take leadership in a sector.", + "Key Recommendations": "1. When engaging in a capacity building program make sure that it follows a well-designed structured process, with milestones that are time bound, that progress on the OD components is incentivized, and where the various capacity building tools are better structured.\n\n2. It is recommended that extensive consultation and facilitation take place to ensure local buy-in into new programming direction.\n\n3. BOCONGO must enter into an agreement with the NGO council regarding its role and functions relative to the council—in particular its capacity building function for civil society.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00M96Z.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Business Services" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Botswana Confederation of Commerce, Industry and Manpower (BOCCIM)" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;", + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Health" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Local Business", + "Business Association or Cooperative" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2015" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Andrew Stern", + "Darin Kingston", + "Joanne Ke" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "1511-Stern-GLO", + "Document Title": "More than the Sum of its Parts: Making Multi-Stakeholder Initiatives Work", + "Document Summary": "The research report, \"THAN THE SUM OF ITS PARTS: Making Multi-Stakeholder Initiatives Work,\" starts by asking: \"What have we learned from the experience of conceiving, designing, launching, and running these Multi-Stakeholder Initiatives (MSIs)?\" Although not designed to be a comprehensive examination of these entities, this research paper mines the wisdom of the founders and first CEOs of 17 MSIs, drawing insights from their experiences and 20/20 hindsight, as well as public documents and evaluations.\n\nIn analyzing the successes, trials, and failures of these MSIs to date, the report provides a helpful guide for those considering setting up MSIs and those charged with running or participating in them. The findings highlight some promising examples of success. They lead us to believe that MSIs, in the right context and adequately set up, can play an essential role in achieving results at a larger scale for a broad cross-section of stakeholders. The report also says to proceed with caution, drawing on the experiences of MSIs that did not live up to the bold ambitions of their founders. Furthermore, as a warning to future MSI funders, the GDI team discovered that (1) none of the profiled MSIs fully covered their costs, even after decades, and (2) most MSIs never closed shop. Those considering forming or funding a new MSI should expect to be in it for the long haul.\n\nThe report articulates critical questions that any organization should ask before embarking on the labor-intensive, time-consuming, and complex task of establishing a new MSI. It gives concrete guidance around how to stand up an MSI, drawing on lessons learned from the blood, sweat, and tears of those who have set them up in the past. Finally, the report points to future research priorities where more can and should be learned, including a deeper dive into the operational stages of MSIs after they start up. It also suggests that we can learn different lessons from both those who did, in fact, \"ride off into the sunset\" as well as those who did not and pivoted on their mission or focus.\n", + "Key Findings": "The findings point to important early lessons. Overall, we were heartened to see that the report highlights some promising examples of success, and leads us to believe that MSIs – in the right context, and set up well – can play an essential role in helping achieve results at greater scale for a broad cross-section of stakeholders. But the report also says loud and clear to proceed with caution, drawing on experiences of MSIs that did not live up to the bold ambitions of their founders. Moreover, as an additional warning to would-be funders of future MSIs, the GDI team found that (1) none of the profiled MSIs fully cover their costs, even after decades, and (2) most MSIs never close shop. Those considering forming or funding a new MSI, therefore, should expect to be in it for the long haul.", + "Key Recommendations": "Several overarching key considerations emerged from this review:\n• Proceed with caution - setting up a multi-stakeholder initiative (MSI) is a high-risk venture.\n• Consider alternatives - before launching an MSI, consider whether an altrnative, less costly, and less risky mechanism is better suited.\n• Timing is everything - even when an MSI is the most appropriate mechanism, carefully consider whether the right conditions are in place for a successful start-up.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://globaldevincubator.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Making-MSIs-Work.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Financial Services" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Omidyar Network" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Global Development Incubator" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Health", + "Education and Social Services", + "Agriculture and Food Security", + "Environment/Climate Change", + "Democracy, Human Rights, & Governance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2015" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "U.S. Global Development Lab" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Bangladesh" + ], + "Document ID": "1511-USAID-BGD", + "Document Title": "Local Private Sector Partnership: Cold Chain Bangladesh Alliance", + "Document Summary": "This report highlights some of the key issues identified in the food supply chain in Bangladesh, where vegetables, fish, and meat make their journey from the countryside to urban centers without the benefit of refrigeration. It offers a Local Private Sector Partnership (LPSP) to resolve this issue experienced by small-holder farmers and suppliers in Bangladesh. USAID/Bangladesh found the solution in a local company, Golden Harvest, which was willing to invest in cold chain infrastructure. USAID’s resources (its network, technical assistance, and brand value) served to amplify Golden Harvest’s investments in a partnership that is making significant progress on food security in Bangladesh. \n\nThe report points out that Golden Harvest struggled to reliably access quality raw materials from the smallholder farmers in its supply chain. The company was losing money due to spoiled goods, and it struggled to market its perishable products in the face of widespread consumer suspicion about the quality and safety of local food products in Bangladesh. While Golden Harvest was ready and able to invest in cold chain infrastructure, it lacked the technical expertise it needed to establish and maintain an efficient and effective cross-country cold chain. The company also wanted to improve the quality of its raw materials. Golden Harvest made a commitment of $10.2 million with the understanding that USAID would provide access to technical experts in cold chain management as well as on-farm assistance for Golden Harvest suppliers. In addition to cash investments, Golden Harvest entered the partnership with existing assets critical to building a cold chain in Bangladesh: power generators that could maintain the chain even when electricity is unavailable and an existing fleet of refrigerated trucks.\n\nUSAID’s technical assistance included farm-based training to help increase yields, improve crop quality, and minimize post-harvest losses. As a result of this farmer assistance, Golden Harvest can source higher volumes of quality, safe products while creating more profitable market opportunities for farmers. In addition to the technical assistance and connections USAID facilitated, Golden Harvest also benefits from the value of USAID’s \"brand\"—its reputation and credibility. Finally, the report concludes that the partnership’s success obviates the need for ongoing USAID funding and support in the long run. USAID’s network and technical expertise have given Golden Harvest the tools, capacity, and, most importantly, bottom-line business reasons to maintain a functional cold chain and supplier network.\n", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://2012-2017.usaid.gov/sites/default/files/documents/15396/ccba-draft_edited.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Business Services", + "Food & Beverage", + "Technology", + "Financial Services" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Golden Harvest" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships", + "Reputation and Credible Convening Power", + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Agriculture and Food Security" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "For-profit approach that generates sustainable income", + "Formal Sector", + "Large Enterprise", + "Multi-national Business" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Asia" + ], + "Year": "2015" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "U.S. Global Development Lab" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Colombia" + ], + "Document ID": "1511-USAID-COL", + "Document Title": "Local Private Sector Partnership: Chocolate Tumaco--Colombia", + "Document Summary": "For several years, USAID has supported the Colombian government and citizens' efforts to transition out of half a century of internal conflict. Decades of persistent violence have meant limited government presence and a lack of economic opportunity in certain areas of the country, such as the Tumaco region in the far southwest. This brief report provides a solution to promote economic development and alternatives to coca through a new business model and a partnership with a local family-owned company, Casa Luker. The company brings three important success factors: a commitment to the Tumaco region, a deep understanding of the risk factors involved—knowledge that a foreign multinational company is unlikely to have; and a willingness to co-invest in a new business model focused on community engagement with USAID.\n\nThe report highlights the key feature of Chocolate Tumaco, a new community-owned cacao marketing cooperative established with the assistance of USAID, which brought together seven Afro-Colombian community councils and two cacao producer associations. USAID had the credibility to bring all the local partners together and the technical expertise to ensure the cooperative’s success. One of the unique features of this collaboration was the issuance of advance payments to Chocolate Tumaco to provide the cooperative with steady capital to purchase cacao from thousands of smallholder farmers across the region. These advance payments were critical to Chocolate Tumaco in its early days, helping the cooperative build trust with local farmers and present itself as a fair and reliable buyer. The technical assistance provided by USAID—both at an organizational level to Chocolate Tumaco and at the field level to cacao farmers—helped Casa Luker ensure its return on investment.\n\nThe paper finally highlights the impact generated through this collaborative approach, which has made Chocolate Tumaco successful in cutting out intermediaries from the chocolate market in Tumaco and ensuring more wealth remains with small farmers. The cooperative now buys directly from smallholder farmers, raising and stabilizing prices for cacao farmers across the region.\n", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://2017-2020.usaid.gov/sites/default/files/documents/15396/casa_luker_final_final_final.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Food & Beverage" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Casa Luker" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Reputation and Credible Convening Power", + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge", + "Risk-Mitigation and Flexible Authorities" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Conflict" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Multi-national Business", + "Formal Sector", + "Large Enterprise", + "For-profit approach that generates sustainable income" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Latin America and the Carribean" + ], + "Year": "2015" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "U.S. Global Development Lab" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "India" + ], + "Document ID": "1511-USAID-IND", + "Document Title": "Local Private Sector Partnership: Millennium Alliance", + "Document Summary": "This brief report provides an overview of the Millennium Alliance, an \"Indianized\" version of USAID’s Development Innovation Ventures (DIV), which was established in 2012 as a unique collaboration platform among India’s private sector, the Government of India, USAID, and the Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry (FICCI). In the alliance, each Millennium Alliance innovator is assigned a FICCI award manager who helps determine what is needed to implement, test, or scale their solution successfully. By working through FICCI members, the award manager can connect the grantee to local incubation and accelerator services, mentorship, legal advice, and/or additional sources of capital offered by Millennium Alliance platform members. Importantly, FICCI complements USAID’s global convening power by primarily bringing new local partners to the platform. \n\nThe key success factor for the alliance is that while focusing on development outcomes, its activities are also clearly aligned with the interests of the Indian business community. For example, the alliance provides FICCI with a means to strengthen its engagement with the Indian government and build its credibility in the development space, which is of particular interest given India’s Corporate Social Responsibility law. Meanwhile, the investors and financial companies that have joined the alliance—with contributions worth millions—seek investable opportunities. Through the alliance, they get access to hundreds of young innovators and potential deals. The Millennium Alliance has become a diverse and unlikely alliance between governments, local companies, and international donors. The Millennium Alliance is helping build trust across sectors and continents and seeding new partnerships beyond the collaboration itself.\n \nThe report highlights the key challenges that the Alliance is facing. The program has been a significant management lift for the USAID Mission, as the review and rating of many rounds of proposals require dedicated time and resources from the technical teams. Many new businesses under the Millennium Alliance have required substantial mentoring and technical assistance, especially in monitoring and evaluation, where grantees have limited capacity to build the evidence base for attracting and retaining investors. A dearth of early-stage domestic capital has also proved to impede young businesses, inhibiting their large-scale impact. Further, enterprises that have brought new technology to BoP markets have struggled to establish reliable networks to service these markets since product maintenance will be unfamiliar with existing infrastructure.\n", + "Key Findings": "The Alliance has faced many challenges. The program has been a significant management lift for the USAID Mission, as the review and rating of many rounds of proposals require dedicated time and resources from the technical teams. Many new businesses under the Millennium Alliance have required substantial mentoring and technical assistance, especially in monitoring and evaluation, where grantees have limited capacity to build the evidence base for attracting and retaining investors. A dearth of early stage domestic capital has also proved to be an impediment for the young businesses, inhibiting their large-scale impact. Further, enterprises that have brought new technology to BoP markets have struggled to establish reliable networks to service these markets since product maintenance will be unfamiliar for existing infrastructure.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://2017-2020.usaid.gov/sites/default/files/documents/15396/millennium_1113_final%20%281%29.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Business Services" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry (FICCI)" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Ability to Influence Policy" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Reputation and Credible Convening Power" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Regional Business", + "Formal Sector", + "Business Association or Cooperative", + "Large Enterprise" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Asia" + ], + "Year": "2015" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Chemonics International", + "SSG Advisors, LLC", + "USAID" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Nepal" + ], + "Document ID": "1511-USAID-NPL", + "Document Title": "USAID/Nepal Private Sector Engagement Assessment - Agricultural Sector", + "Document Summary": "Following Nepal’s earthquake in April 2015, USAID/Nepal increased its efforts to increase the Nepalese private sector’s capability to support national recovery. This document is an assessment carried out by USAID to determine opportunities to sustainably increase agricultural productivity and enhance farmers’ participation in the national economy. \n\nUSAID’s Nepal Private Sector Assessment Team engaged in conversations with multiple agribusiness actors like processors, traders, supermarket and restaurant chains, and investors to evaluate the actions that private sector members are implementing to enhance productivity and support the establishment of formal farmer networks and stronger supply chains. The report details some of the strategies observed and presents examples of private sector organizations like Bhat Bhateni, Bajeko Sekuwa, Organic Mountain Flavor (OMF), and Suraj Vaidya. The second half of the report focuses on outlining USAID’s opportunities to create stronger market linkages and improve supply chain infrastructure. Specifically, the report presents a strategy for USAID to strengthen relationships within Nepal’s agricultural supply chain and incentivize further private-sector investments in supply chain infrastructure and services. The report is particular to Nepal's context and is useful as an example of PSE in practice.", + "Key Findings": "The assessment found that USAID/Nepal has an opportunity to develop more vertically and horizontally coordinated and efficient agricultural supply chains, which will increase smallholder incomes. This would allow the Mission to achieve greater impact with its resources by leveraging and capitalizing on existing private sector efforts. Key areas for intervention include:\n• Strengthen relationships between farmers, intermediaries, processors and buyers to build trust. This will result in 1) clearer market signals that incentivize increasing and improving production, 2) more transparent transactions, 3) fairer pricing, and 4) more reliable supplies.\n• Facilitate investment in aggregation, storage, processing points and other supply chain infrastructure or services to 1) more efficiently link products with markets, 2) reduce post harvest losses and 3) stabilize prices and supply.", + "Key Recommendations": "Given the private sector’s desire to integrate Nepalese farmers into commercial markets through stronger market linkages and improved supply chain infrastructure, the Team sees an opportunity for USAID to:\n• Collaborate with end market buyers, distributors, aggregators, processors and exporters interested in fostering more efficient and stronger agricultural markets.\n• Engage private sector actors to facilitate investments in aggregation solutions at national, district, and VDC levels.\n• Reinforce healthy supply chain development by strengthening the agriculture market and services ecosystem through private sector collaboration that supports the deployment of more diverse agriculture finance offerings, modern agriculture technologies, and ICT for agriculture solutions.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00SZGR.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, and Hunting", + "Financial Services", + "Transportation and Warehousing" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Dolma Fund", + "Business Oxygen Fund", + "Mega Bank", + "Laxmi Bank", + "Lekali", + "Organic Mountain Flavor", + "Agricare", + "Suresh Vaidya", + "Budhathoki Golchha Group", + "Nimbus", + "Nina and Hager", + "Bajeko Sekuma", + "Bhat Bhateni" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments", + "Reputation and Credible Convening Power", + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge", + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships", + "Risk-Mitigation and Flexible Authorities" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment", + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Advancing Learning and Market Research;", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Agriculture and Food Security" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "For-profit Commercial Entity", + "Business Association or Cooperative" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Asia" + ], + "Year": "2015" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "U.S. Global Development Lab" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Philippines" + ], + "Document ID": "1511-USAID-PHL", + "Document Title": "Local Private Sector Partnership: 700Daloy", + "Document Summary": "In the Philippines, illegal fishing critically threatens sensitive coastal ecosystems. The maritime police lack the resources and capacity to patrol the country’s vast coastline effectively, but that doesn’t mean these crimes go undetected. Coastal communities often see illegal fishing, but until recently, there was no way to report these crimes anonymously. This report lays the groundwork for addressing this issue through the local private sector partnership (LPSP), which USAID and the Philippines launched in 2014.\n\nThe report highlights that USAID/Philippines identified a local private-sector solution in 2014 to encourage public participation in environmental protection and help close a key public sector capacity gap. By partnering with a Filipino telecommunications company, Smart Communications, and the Philippine National Police-Maritime Group (PNP-MG), USAID/Philippines was able to craft a solution that leveraged the assets of the local private sector, benefited Smart Communications, and maximized sustainability and scale. This benefitted citizens, the government, and Smart Communications alike. The partnership created an anonymous SMS hotline that empowers local communities to report illegal fishing. The hotline, 700DALOY, is crowdsourcing the detection of illegal fishing and helping local government and maritime police better coordinate enforcement. 700DALOY applies Smart Communications’ Infoboard technology, a web-based SMS broadcast service, to the challenge. Smart’s technology and brand power in the Philippines helped make 700DALOY a success; in return, Smart is using 700DALOY to benefit its brand in its home market and to demonstrate the relevance of its technology and services to the growing needs of the public sector.\n\nThe 700DALOY not only crowdsources the detection and monitoring of illegal fishing activities with citizens of Tawi-Tawi, but it also helps to create a more organized and strategic response on the part of law enforcement. By meaningfully engaging community members in secure SMS conversations, 700DALOY also empowers local communities with the knowledge and means to help stop the illegal fishing activities that threaten their local environment and livelihoods. The report also acknowledges that by deploying an existing and popular technology to aid environmental enforcement, USAID and Smart showed that innovation does not have to be built from scratch.\n", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://2017-2020.usaid.gov/sites/default/files/documents/15396/700daloy-draft_edited.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Telecommunications" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Smart Communications" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities", + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Environment/Climate Change" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "For-profit approach that generates sustainable income", + "Formal Sector", + "Large Enterprise", + "Regional Business" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Asia" + ], + "Year": "2015" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "U.S. Global Development Lab" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "El Salvador" + ], + "Document ID": "1511-USAID-SLV", + "Document Title": "Local Private Sector Partnership: Sustainable Communities--El Salvador", + "Document Summary": "In El Salvador, urban crime and violence affect everyone. Successful businesses are often located in neighborhoods that can be taken over by rising violence, robbery, extortion, and other crimes. Local companies are well aware of the actual costs of this urban crime, which lower personal property values, drive away customers, and demand significant investments in private security. This report provides essential insights from USAID's partnership with Grupo Agrisal, a large Salvadoran firm that owns hotels and other businesses. The level of commitment and local roots of the partners led USAID Mission to partner locally; significant local investments led to a more vital path toward sustainability. \n\nThe report highlights that USAID/El Salvador and Grupo Agrisal launched Sustainable Communities (Comunidades Sostenibles) in Escalón to tackle crime and violence by advancing economic opportunity for the residents of the neighborhood’s poorest communities through two main activities: first, to provide targeted job training for at-risk youth. Second, Sustainable Communities fosters the creation of small businesses in the poorer areas of Escalón by running entrepreneurship and business management training for youth and women; providing essential seed funding, mentorship, and accelerator services to promising startups; and connecting these startups to the business community in Escalón—creating new economic linkages between the neighborhood’s commercial core and its outlying communities. Having a local company co-design sustainable communities strengthened the partnership from the outset. Most importantly, Grupo Agrisal gave USAID/El Salvador significant and compelling insight into the challenges facing the local private sector in Escalón, a context that a foreign multinational company may not have had.\n\nThe report acknowledges that having a local partner in the lead also meant access to their local networks, allowing the partnership to build relationships between Escalón’s established businesses and fledgling neighborhood startups more easily. While violence remains a serious issue in Escalón, Sustainable Communities is building new and stronger bonds between companies and the broader neighborhood, easing the deep social tension that once characterized the area. The partnership makes the case that USAID and the local private sector have common objectives in the fight to curb urban violence; it demonstrates new forms of collaboration between the development community and local companies to share the benefits of economic progress more widely; and, if the microenterprises and jobs it has created survive, it may in time be able to show that economic opportunity can mitigate crime and violence in El Salvador.\n", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://2017-2020.usaid.gov/sites/default/files/documents/15396/sustainable-communities_edited.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Hospitality/Tourism", + "Health Care", + "Educational Services" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Grupo Agrisal", + "Fundación Rafael Meza Ayau" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Flexibility and Pace" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Multi-national Business", + "For-profit approach that generates sustainable income", + "Formal Sector", + "Large Enterprise" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Latin America and the Carribean" + ], + "Year": "2015" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Paul C. Webster" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Lesotho", + "Brazil", + "South Africa", + "India" + ], + "Document ID": "1511-Webst-LSO-pr", + "Document Title": "Lesotho’s controversial public–private partnership project", + "Document Summary": "Lesotho’s controversial public-private partnership project report provides critical views on the establishment of a new hospital in Lesotho’s capital through a public–private partnership, which has been put under scrutiny because of its financial cost to the country’s government. According to the World Bank, the Mamohato project serves as a model for public–private partnership (PPP) financing for health care facilities and services in other low-income countries. The report highlights that “the cost of the new hospital is depriving the entire health system,\" and “it’s a big political mess.” The Ministry of Health’s headquarters in Maseru echoes with similar complaints. The report identifies that payments to Netcare’s consortium, which is known as Tsepong, have increased almost 80% since 2008 when Tsepong first contracted with the government to build and operate the hospital. \n\nThe report shares the findings of the Oxfam investigation report, which was released in April 2014, charging that the hospital contract granted Netcare and its consortium partners substantial profits while creating “a dangerous diversion of scarce public funds from primary health-care services in rural areas, where three-quarters of the population live,” having serious implications for a large swath of the population. For Marriott, perhaps the most crucial finding from Oxfam’s investigation of the Mamohato contract controversy is that the Government of Lesotho lacked the technical capacity to negotiate the contract and ended up agreeing to disadvantageous terms. “Without significant investment and reform in the wider health system,” the World Bank’s internal report concluded, “the PPP is likely to become unaffordable for the MoH, and the quality-of-service provision may also be put at risk.” Lesotho’s experience, Oxfam concluded, supports international evidence that health PPPs of this kind is risky and costly, and fail to advance universal and equitable health coverage. Oxfam’s report concludes that “the IFC should be held to account for the poor quality of its advice to the Government of Lesotho and for marketing this health PPP as a success internationally, despite its unsustainable costs.”The report identifies that IFC efforts to help the Government of Lesotho to manage the PPP contract were affected by high staff turnover, which indicates that sustained efforts to develop local PPP contract management expertise are crucial. The project also reveals the need to engage in broad primary health system strengthening when delivering a secondary and tertiary care “island of excellence.” \n", + "Key Findings": "A new hospital in Lesotho’s capital, set up and run through a public–private partnership, has been under scrutiny because of its financial cost to the country’s government.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(15)00959-9", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Health Care" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Netcare" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments", + "Risk-Mitigation and Flexible Authorities" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "The Lancet" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Youth", + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Health" + ], + "Type of Document": "Peer-reviewed article or other research report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Multi-national Business", + "Formal Sector" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa", + "Latin America and the Carribean" + ], + "Year": "2015" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Louise Williams", + "Stacy Edgar", + "Andrew Batchelor" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Regional" + ], + "Document ID": "1511-Willi-MLT", + "Document Title": "Integrating Gender into Trade Capacity-Building Programs in the Middle East and Asia: Guidance for Program Design and Implementation", + "Document Summary": "This document aims to help development professionals design trade capacity-building programs that respond to the clear-cut case for equalizing economic conditions for men and women. To assist development professionals in identifying appropriate areas for interventions, this document gives an overview of the complex issues related to gender and trade. It is presented in five parts: i) Setting the Stage: The nexus of gender and trade, ii) Testing Assumptions and Measuring Change: The critical need for sex disaggregated data and empirical evidence for the purpose of program planning and measuring results, iii) Integrating Gender Equality “Behind the Border:” Connecting women’s enterprises to formality, finance, markets, and other avenues toward trade, iv) Integrating Gender Equality “At the Border:” Strengthening conditions for women traders, and v) Integrating Gender Equality “Beyond the Border:” Gender and trade policy. Each section highlights key concepts to be considered in program design and provides examples drawn from pertinent research, individual case studies, and other sources.\n\n“Setting the Stage” summarizes the relationship between issues of gender equality and women’s economic empowerment and the vast expansion of international trade over the past half-century. “Testing Assumptions and Measuring Change” details the immediate need for stronger collection of data and empirical evidence in the arena of women and trade. A comprehensive review of data on women’s participation and well-being sponsored by the UN Foundation and issued in March 2014, concludes that the design of policies and programs to promote female advancement and expanded opportunities generally has been hampered by lack of data. According to this report, known as “Data2X,” the depth of data is more severe in developing countries, but the report acknowledges that, in all countries, data pertaining to women’s economic engagement is poor. Parts 3, 4, and 5 pertain specifically to the different stages of international trade. “Behind the Border” looks at the impact of domestic business climates on women’s ability to participate in their economies and engage in the import and export of goods and services. Part 4’s discussion of “At the Border” conditions highlights how countries can best meet their international and regional trade facilitation commitments through efforts that bolster both the participation of women in effecting change and border-specific reforms that support women’s businesses. “Beyond the Border” captures the elements of trade policy that can be leveraged to integrate priorities of gender equality and women’s economic empowerment. ", + "Key Findings": "“Setting the Stage” summarizes the relationship between issues of gender equality and women’s economic empowerment and the vast expansion of international trade over the past half-century.\n\n“Testing Assumptions and Measuring Change” details the immediate need for stronger collection of data and empirical evidence in the arena of women and trade.\n\n“Behind the Border” looks at the impact of domestic business climates on women’s ability to participate in their economies and engage in the import and export of goods and services.\n\nPart 4’s discussion of “At the Border” conditions highlights how countries can best meet their international and regional trade facilitation commitments through efforts that bolster both the\nparticipation of women in effecting change and border-specific reforms that support women’s businesses.\n\n“Beyond the Border” captures the elements of trade policy that can be leveraged to integrate priorities of gender equality and women’s economic empowerment.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.chemonics.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Integrating_Gender_into_Trade_Capacity_Building_Programs_Report.pdf", + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships", + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Asia", + "Middle East", + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2015" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Loo-See Beh" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "China", + "Australia", + "United Kingdom", + "Canada" + ], + "Document ID": "1512-Beh", + "Document Title": "Managing across Public-Private Partnerships: A Review of Implementation in China and Australia", + "Document Summary": "Public-private partnership is about governance in the contemporary public service and public interest in public administration with the participation of the private sector in the market economy in establishing strategic partnerships in the responsible economic management of public services. This article provides an overview of the implementation of public-private partnerships and how this evidence has been managed across China (including Hong Kong SAR) and Australia. It also depicts the key challenges of managing them in both countries given their different stages of maturity in the implementation framework of regulation and evaluation.\n\nThis paper highlights that given the promises and perils of government contracting, a public-private partnership will be most efficient when each sector operates where it has a comparative advantage. Looking ahead, the particular areas that the Australian government sees as being important for the evolution of PPPs are i) improving the bidding and evaluation processes; ii) developing the national market, and iii) increasing the range of PPP models. In the case of China, the priorities include the establishment of regulatory agencies, clear legislation and better understood fair exit mechanisms. Nonetheless, policymakers and practitioners may need to rely on evaluation information about a partnership’s performance as a governing entity and its value-added to make judgments about effectiveness. Despite criticism of PPPs, they will remain the preferred financing method as a potential solution to urbanization challenges, innovation, and knowledge transfer. \n\nIn a nutshell, the paper suggests exploring what can be learned through a global and local comparison across all PPPs and how they can genuinely contribute to the welfare of individuals and nations. PPP policy is a continuous development of public administration, and it is important that the policy practices remain under review beyond market-based rhetoric of limited substance and ensure procedural integrity of the process is maintained. In the context of the ongoing debate on PPPs, many governments of the day continue to support the PPP model with better-developed implementation frameworks.\n", + "Key Findings": "Public-private partnership is about governance in the contemporary public service and public interest in public administration with the participation of private sector in the market economy in establishing strategic partnerships in responsible economic management of public services. This article provides an overview of the implementation of public-private partnerships and how these evidences have been managed across China (including Hong Kong SAR) and Australia. It also depicts the key challenges of managing them in both countries given their different stages of maturity in implementation framework of regulation and evaluation.", + "Key Recommendations": "The particular areas that the Australian government sees as being important for the evolution of PPPs are: (1) improving the bidding and evaluation processes; (2) developing the national market; and (3) increasing the range of PPP models (Maguire and Malinovitch, 2004). \nIn the case of China, the priorities include the establishment of regulatory agencies, clear legislation and better understood. .fair exit mechanisms", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www-proquest-com.proxy.library.nd.edu/docview/1790497539/abstract/BBF937EF7CF044F7PQ/1?accountid=12874", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Business Services", + "Engineering & Construction", + "Retail", + "Food & Beverage", + "Health Care", + "Processing & Manufacturing", + "Financial Services", + "Pharmaceuticals" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Tyco international", + "Coca Cola", + "Accenture", + "Pfizer Inc.", + "Standard Chartered Bank", + "iKang", + "Esquel", + "Swire Beverages", + "Karstadt Quelle", + "DaimlerChrysler", + "Merck Sharpe & Dohme", + "Earth Tech" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Risk-Mitigation and Flexible Authorities", + "Reputation and Credible Convening Power" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Contemporary Chinese Political Economy and Strategic Relations" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "Peer-reviewed article or other research report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "For-profit Commercial Entity", + "Financial Institution, Investors, and Intermediaries", + "Large Enterprise", + "Multi-national Business", + "American Business", + "Formal Sector", + "Regional Business", + "For-profit approach that generates sustainable income", + "Business Association or Cooperative" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Asia", + "Europe and Eurasia" + ], + "Year": "2015" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Thomas Buabeng" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Ghana" + ], + "Document ID": "1512-Buabe-GHA-pr", + "Document Title": "Implementation of a Public-Private Partnership in Local Government in Ghana: A study of Ga West and Adentan Municipal Assemblies in the Greater Accra Region", + "Document Summary": "This paper assesses the achievements of public-private partnerships (PPPs) as well as the obstacles to the effective implementation of PPPs in local governments in Ghana using the experience of two assemblies (Ga West Municipal Assembly and Adentan Municipal Assembly) in Ghana. The qualitative research approach was adopted for the study. Key informants were purposively selected from the two study areas and primary data was collected using one-on-one in-depth interviews. Additionally, secondary data regarding contracting processes and results were further subjected to thorough content analysis. The study observes that PPP has been applied in the provision of different local government services in the two districts. The use of PPPs has chalked up some form of benefits amidst major structural and institutional challenges. \n\nThe paper highlights that PPP has high prospects for improving waste collection and revenue mobilization in the studied area. This suggests that if given the needed attention, actors at the local level could use this module to improve waste collection and revenue mobilization, which could go a long way toward improving the living conditions of their citizens. Secondly, a nationwide centralized PPP policy used to run local government units needs to take the context of specific local areas and needs correspondingly develop and equip local structures to power the process. The feasibility and selection phases of entering into partnerships are very important and these should be done in a more technical and comprehensive manner. The article concludes that when marred with political and other social considerations, PPP will end up selecting less qualified partners, which stalls up processes, thereby rendering the ‘efficiency’ logo associated with PPP a mirage and even creating more problems for the public. Finally, although PPP comes with associated benefits, there are potential challenges that need to be addressed in order to reap benefits. Efforts should be made to make the process more usable to local governments, taking into consideration their context rather than centralizing elements, which may scare off local governments from even thinking of embarking on any contractual arrangement with private partners.\n\n", + "Key Findings": "This paper, aimed at assessing the achievements of public-private partnerships (PPPs) as well as the obstacles to the effective implementation of PPPs in local governments in Ghana observed that PPP has been applied in the provision of different local government services in the two districts of Ga West and Adentan. The use of PPPs has chalked up some form of benefits amidst major structural and institutional challenges. The study concludes that PPP has good prospects of enhancing the provision of local government services, if laxities are addressed.", + "Key Recommendations": "The potential benefits of PPP in developing countries like Ghana cannot be overemphasised. Several benefits could be derived from using PPPs as development strategies for local government’s infrastructural development and service provision. They include improvement in the quality of service delivery; infusion of private capital and technology; cost savings to local government and value for users’ money; reduction in the size of the local government workforce, improvement in managerial efficiency and effectiveness; risk sharing with multiple actors; promotion of good governance; accelerated delivery of needed infrastructure and public services on time and within budget; increased international and domestic investment; technology transfer and capacity building; provision of innovative design, technology and financing structures.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/EJC-52d744b2c", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Engineering & Construction", + "Telecommunications", + "Transportation and Warehousing" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Aqua Vitens Rand Ltd" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Ability to Influence Policy", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships", + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge", + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments", + "Risk-Mitigation and Flexible Authorities" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "African Journal of Governance and Development" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Economic Growth", + "Education and Social Services" + ], + "Type of Document": "Peer-reviewed article or other research report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "For-profit Commercial Entity" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2015" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "FHI 360" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Ukraine" + ], + "Document ID": "1512-FHI-UKR", + "Document Title": "Public-Private Partnership Development Program (P3DP) in Ukraine ", + "Document Summary": "This report summarizes the activities and accomplishments of the Public-Private Partnership Development Program (P3DP) in Ukraine from inception in October 2010 to closure in December 2015. When the P3DP was launched in October 2010, Ukraine was already suffering from serious economic challenges. During the five-year life of the program, a nationwide social revolution brought the nation to a standstill. The turbulence in Ukraine interfered with the implementation of P3DP at every level. However, these changes also created new opportunities for PPPs, which the program was able to tap to successfully accelerate PPP development in Ukraine. The report describes that P3DP’s activities were implemented under four objectives namely i) Improving the legal and institutional framework for PPPs, ii) Improving institutional PPP support services, iii) Developing public awareness and stakeholder capacity to implement PPPs, and iv) Assisting municipal efforts to create replicable PPP projects, each of which realized accomplishments that contributed to the overall success of the program. \n\nThe report highlights that P3DP contributed significantly to improving the legal and institutional framework for PPPs through the creation of a national PPP policy, adoption of a new PPP framework law, improvement of secondary laws and governing regulations, simplification of PPP tendering and appraisal procedures, and development of methodology for PPP Feasibility Studies and Appraisals. Similarly, P3DP was very much successful in improving institutional PPP support services through the establishment of a PPP unit within the MOEDT and the establishment of the PPP & Infrastructure Expert Center (PIEC). The P3DP equally contributed to developing public awareness and stakeholder capacity to implement PPPs through increased PPP awareness in Ukraine, producing PPP materials in the local language, and developing of replicable models. Other achievements included mitigating climate change and promoting renewable energy and privatization support.\n\nThe experience of promoting the development of PPPs in Ukraine gave P3DP a unique perspective of the challenges involved. Many of the lessons learned during the implementation of the program will be relevant to future implementers of PPP projects. Officials, NGOs, and developmental institutions interested in furthering PPP development in Ukraine in the future will draw upon P3DP’s lessons of experience. The P3DP has identified that a focused PPP unit, high-level support in government, political stability, privatization, and other government procurement options enable the program to adapt to changing conditions in the beneficiary country.\n", + "Key Findings": "Approved in August 2013 under CMU Decree #739, the PPP concept sent a clear signal to government and the private sector that PPPs would be a valid mechanism for procuring infrastructure and public services in Ukraine.\n\nP3DP played a significant role in the establishment of MOEDT’s PPP Unit, which provides guidance and support for PPP implementation in Ukraine.\n\nA baseline survey in 2011 and follow-up surveys in 2014 and 2015 showed that knowledge of PPPs in PPP pilot cities increased significantly over the life of the Program.\n\nP3DP served as transaction advisor for two successful PPPs in sports & recreation (2013) and alternative heating with biofuel (2014).\n\nP3DP played an important part in implementing USAID’s Global Climate Change and Development Strategy in Ukraine.", + "Key Recommendations": "To further PPP development in Ukraine, P3DP recommends that the government, donors, development institutions, NGOs and others with the necessary resources consider the following as they develop strategies for promoting PPP development:\n\n- Maximizing the use of contracting out for services, including those of local small and medium-sized businesses. By bringing in the private sector through management or output-based contracts in the short term, even in cases where government directly finances urgent infrastructure construction (such as roads), both the government and private sector will develop productive working relationships.\n\n- Continuing to build the legislative and institutional framework for PPPs. This will enable the private sector to engage in longer-term projects more quickly once Ukraine has achieved stability, both politically and in terms of renewed conflict with Russia.\n\n- Strengthen PPP institutions, including PIEC, working groups, and PPP programs at business education institutions. These should include governmental bodies as well as major developmental players, including the World Bank Group and USAID.\n\n- Rethinking the role, functions, and structure of the PPP Unit to lead PPP policy and development going forward.\n\n- Explore role of private sector through PPPs for any area where Ukraine faces challenges.\n\n- Maximizing replicable PPPs, for example, in using biofuel as a substitute for Russian natural gas for heating.\n\n- Providing guarantees for government payments to private sector partners (for well-vetted, sound, and economically beneficial PPP projects) to increase the willingness of private operators to engage in PPPs.\n\n- Addressing social needs, such as healthcare or refugee resettlement services for IDPs, through PPP-like arrangements with NGOs.\n\n- Developing media capacity for better coverage of PPP-related issues in the press, as well as include strategic communications in PPP training programs for officials and other practitioners.", + "Internet URL of Document": "http://ppp-ukraine.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/P3DP-Final-Report-December-1-2015.pdf", + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Efficiency and Effectiveness", + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Ability to Influence Policy" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships", + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge", + "Reputation and Credible Convening Power" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Conflict", + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Europe and Eurasia" + ], + "Year": "2015" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Usha Ganesh", + "Prachi Maheshwari", + "Anuja Kaushal", + "Shreejit Borthakur", + "Yoshita Arora" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Ethiopia", + "Kenya", + "Rwanda", + "Tanzania", + "Uganda" + ], + "Document ID": "1512-Ganes-MLT", + "Document Title": "The Game Changers: Impact Enterprises in East Africa", + "Document Summary": "This report aims to provide insights into the impact enterprise landscape in East Africa. Impact enterprises seek to reach underserved customers - they provide access to critical products and services; employable skills and market linkages to increase the ability to earn livelihoods; and knowledge services to build awareness about safer or optimal solutions as well as initiate behavior change. This study examines how impact enterprises in Ethiopia, Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania, and Uganda respond to market challenges and stimulate inclusive growth in the region. It draws insights from a literature review, secondary research of 398 enterprises, a detailed survey of 125 enterprises, and primary interviews with 15 key stakeholders from the impact enterprise ecosystem in the region. Enterprises are analyzed across the three levers: access, ability, and knowledge. The report highlights that access, ability, and knowledge enterprises are engaged in different value chain activities within the sectors of critical need, i.e. agriculture, clean energy, education and vocational training, healthcare, water & sanitation, and financial services. \n\nBased on the analysis, the report suggests that impact enterprises should continue to develop and innovate with current business models that provide market linkages, agro-processing, storage facilities, and other extension services. There is a huge opportunity to expand these services across different agro-product value chains. Given the low level of electrification and its impact on the growth of other small businesses, impact enterprises should focus on micro-grid solutions to cater to the B2B market to trigger economic activities. These small businesses can be the anchor load or cross-subsidize the cost of providing electricity in nearby households. The supply of affordable and quality healthcare services for low-income households should continue to be the focus of impact enterprises in the sector in East Africa. While many waste management models are already profitable, impact enterprises in other segments of the water & sanitation sector will have to build awareness and encourage behavior change to generate demand for clean water and urban sanitation solutions. While affordability is an issue in ICT-enabled education products, there is huge scope in ICT-assisted education models. There are significant opportunities to establish impact businesses in vocational training for construction, healthcare, metals and mining, and ICT sectors. Access to consumer finance will continue to be a focus area in order to increase the affordability of products and services. Financial inclusion enterprises should continue to innovate to provide microcredit and other services. Parallel efforts to improve financial literacy will further boost uptake. Impact enterprises gather significant data about low-income customers in their day-to-day operations. This data, if systematically mined, has the potential to drive the future of impact innovations.\n", + "Key Findings": "• Investors looking for a pipeline of seed stage, small ticket investments will find options aplenty; scaled and successful models are, however, difficult to find in East Africa.\n\n• Capacity and willingness to pay among low income customers is one of the biggest hurdles that Access enterprises face.\n\n• Incubation support reaches a small base of entrepreneurs, who share that they need stronger context and more regular support.", + "Key Recommendations": "1. Representation of impact enterprises across sectors is weak. Barring agriculture, value chains in most sectors with impact enterprise presence are shallow. There are some critical white spaces, highlighting significant opportunity for profitable and innovative models.\n\n2. Transfer of knowledge and resources through South-South collaboration can foster entrepreneurship in East Africa and stimulate further innovation.\n\n3. For the most part, entrepreneurial activity in East Africa is restricted to Kenya. Concerted efforts to build a strong entrepreneurial ecosystem will eventually support a larger number of innovation focused enterprises across the region.", + "Internet URL of Document": "http://intellecap.com/wp-content/themes/intellecap/pdf/The-Game-Changers.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Business Services", + "Energy" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Shell Foundation", + "Argidius Foundation" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships", + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge", + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Intellecap" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Youth", + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Corporate Foundation", + "Large Enterprise", + "Formal Sector", + "Multi-national Business" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2015" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "GIIN" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Nigeria", + "Senegal", + "Ghana", + "Sierra Leone", + "Togo", + "Benin" + ], + "Document ID": "1512-GIIN-MLT", + "Document Title": "The Landscape for Impact Investing in West Africa: Understanding the current status, trends, opportunities, and challenges", + "Document Summary": "The third regional market landscape report developed by the GIIN offers much-needed data on how much impact investment is being deployed in West Africa, which countries and sectors it targets, and which instruments are being used to deploy it. Further, it outlines the challenges and opportunities faced by impact investors operating in the region and the characteristics and perspectives of investors and actors involved in supporting the industry. \n\nThis report analyzes the impact investing industry covering fifteen West African countries, including dedicated chapters on Nigeria, Ghana, and Senegal. It contains four chapters—one outlining regional findings and three outlining specific findings in Nigeria, Ghana, and Senegal—each organized into four sections: (i) \"Overview\" provides a high-level outline of the political, economic, and investment climate of the region or country. (ii) \"Supply\" outlines findings related to the volume of impact investing capital deployed to date, broken down by sector, instrument, and deal size. It describes the key barriers and opportunities identified by impact investors interviewed for this study and outlines impact measurement and reporting practices. (iii) \"Demand\" describes the characteristics of impact investment recipients, as well as their needs for and perceived barriers to accessing capital, and (iv) \"Ecosystem\" describes the regulatory environment for impact investing and the key actors involved in enterprise and investor support.\n\nThis study relies on more than 50 in-person and telephonic interviews with impact investors, ecosystem actors, entrepreneurs, and business managers operating in West Africa. In-person interviews were conducted in the primary focus countries of Nigeria, Ghana, and Senegal. In contrast, telephonic interviews were used with those either outside the region or operating across other West African countries. To supplement interview insights and ensure comprehensive data coverage, desk research was conducted on impact investment portfolios and investment dynamics using academic studies, publicly available datasets, previous Dalberg projects, DFI and investor reports, government reports, enterprise websites, and publicity materials. The data presented includes transactions made by 13 Development Finance Institutions (DFIs) and 27 non-DFI impact investors.\n", + "Key Findings": "This report observes the impacts of investment markets in the West African region. The report contains an overview of the West African region, followed by three chapters regarding Senegal, Nigeria, and Ghana. The report also includes information about investment landscapes in Sierra Leone, Cote d’Ivoire, Togo, and Benin. Perceived barriers to deploying impact capital in the region is described. The report highlights the key perceived opportunities for investment, including the key sectors of energy, financial services, and agriculture.\n\nThe authors identify the need to inform the global community on investment potentials and impacts in West Africa. Because a majority of investment comes from Development Finance Institutions (DFIs), the largest source of impact capital in the region is foreign governments. Within the DFIs, the majority of direct capital deployed is from global and regional participants. Additionally, the study identifies the following perceived barriers to deploying impact capital: \n\n• Investment readiness of target investees due to lack of appropriate personnel, as well as lack of sound financial and business structures that make it difficult for investors to estimate potential future profitability and investment value.\n• Difficulty sourcing capital. Local funders find it difficult to secure domestic financing and instead rely on foreign capital from DFIs. \n• Difficulty exiting equity investments, due to shallow financial markets. \n• Macroeconomic and political instability.\n• Unpredictable regulation. Few regulatory barriers exist in the region for investments, including a general lack of clear, up-to-date legislation and about the difficulties in predicting policy direction. \n• Perception challenges. The term 'impact investing' is perceived by local fund managers to imply low returns on investment and is more closely aligned with philanthropy. \n", + "Key Recommendations": "Interviews revealed the following as promising interventions: \n• Raise awareness of impact investment. Many investors in West Africa either do not know what impact investing is or see it as a new kind of philanthropy—in both cases, the term “impact investment” is not greeted with excitement for those looking to commit money to the region. Raising awareness would help this. This could come in the form of publishing and disseminating more research, developing stronger networks among impact investors to build collective visibility, and outreach by impact investors to commercial investors. \n• Capitalize on African high net-worth individuals and corporations. Related to the above, it is particularly important to reach out to and engage African HNWIs as new sources of funding. Interviews indicated that there are several African HNWIs looking to direct their wealth to more impactful ends.89 Now is the time to engage them on the potential of impact investing to represent a new wave of African philanthropy that is at once impactful and financially sustainable. At the same time, there are many large corporations emerging in the region that could utilize impact investments to develop their supply chains. Interviewees mentioned that, like HNWIs, such corporations lack awareness and understanding of impact investing. \n• Strengthen the ecosystem of incubators and accelerators. One of the most consistent messages from investors was that it was extremely difficult to find investable enterprises, while one of the most consistent messages from incubators was that they struggled to engage investors. This is peculiar, since incubators provide the very types of business support that would help build a healthy pipeline of investable enterprises for investors. Clearly, there is a gap in collaboration. In order to bridge this gap, two things need to happen: the incubator ecosystem needs to grow and linkages between investors and incubators need to strengthen. \nTo accomplish these goals, impact investors can: \n• Develop relationships with individual incubators to help them understand the types of enterprises they are looking for, the indicators that are most important in deciding whether to invest, and likely future investment pipeline needs. \n• Invest in incubators so that incubator numbers and capacities grow. \n• Work with incubators to build a stronger network of support associations that link investors and investees and engage governments. \n• Educate and engage enterprises on the value of equity through local partnerships. Investors were generally of the opinion that equity investments were more effective at driving enterprise growth than debt, since equity allowed investors to take a more “hands-on” approach and use their expertise to guide the business—often through taking a board seat. However, West African enterprises are hesitant to accept equity investments due to a fear of losing control of their businesses. One of the ways to counteract this is to establish a local presence. interviews indicated that business owners and managers value in-person contact, and are far more likely to trust investors that are both present in and known to their communities. For investors not able to do this, finding local partners or investing indirectly through local fund managers is also a viable option. Those that already have a local presence should, of course, continue to emphasize their role as partners to the enterprises around them. \n• Develop a track record of success through more consistent measurement. It is difficult for investors to align on a common set of metrics and impact indicators, not least because they deal with a variety of different enterprises with different impact profiles. Still, better and more consistent internal measurement, coupled with external reporting, can help to identify drivers of both success and failure, ultimately equipping the industry with a clearer growth path. Greater use of MIS could ease the process of tracking internal metrics and make it easier to publicize results. It is an interesting time for West Africa. A track record of fast economic growth, coupled with the expectation that such growth will continue, has placed it firmly on the agenda of many international and local investors. Impact investors have recently started to turn their attention to the region; though the industry is currently small, there are large opportunities for it to expand. For these opportunities to be realized, however, timely and coordinated effort is needed across the impacting investing industry.\n", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://thegiin.org/assets/160620_GIIN_WestAfrica_full.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Business Services" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Dalberg" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "GIIN" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2015" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Laurel Hatt", + "Altea Cico", + "Grace Chee", + "Alex Ergo", + "Anis Fuad", + "Susan Gigli", + "Lara Hensley", + "Kelley Laird", + "Nikita Ramchandani", + "Renata Simatupang", + "Lisa Tarantino", + "Jenna Wright", + "Ufara Zuwasti" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Indonesia" + ], + "Document ID": "1512-Hatt-IDN", + "Document Title": "Rapid Analytical review and Assessment of Health Systems Opportunities and Gaps in Indonesia", + "Document Summary": "This review report of Indonesia’s health system opportunities and gaps provides an opportunity for government, private sector, and development partner stakeholders to weigh in on the nation’s highest-priority health sector challenges as Indonesia embarks on numerous systems reforms. The assessment particularly focuses on the governance, health financing, service delivery, and information systems building blocks, and incorporates a special focus on social protection programs and efforts to target the poor and vulnerable. The study adapted the methodology of the comprehensive Health System Assessment Approach, which is organized around the World Health Organization’s (WHO’s) health systems building blocks. The report is an outcome of a comprehensive literature review and findings from an interview conducted with over 150 informants representing more than 65 institutions at the national and sub-national levels. Respondents included representatives from national ministries, other central government institutions, provincial and district health officials, public and private health facility managers at various levels, leading academics, international development partners, private sector associations, non-governmental organizations, USAID project staff, and USAID representatives. \n\nThe report highlights opportunities around health systems strengthening activities and efforts to reach the poorest and most vulnerable. The purpose of the report is not necessarily to uncover new issues or provide new evidence given several recent health sector analyses, but to rapidly consolidate existing information and make strategic recommendations in health system strengthening. Finally, the report provides key findings and recommendations covering health governance in Indonesia: health financing; service delivery in the public and private sectors; human resources for health, medical products, vaccines and technologies; social protection and targeting; and health information system. \n", + "Key Findings": "Governance: The central feature of Indonesia’s health governance landscape is the decentralized nature of the overall government and the corresponding health system.\n\nHealth Financing: The launch of JKN in 2014 has begun to transform Indonesia’s health financing landscape.\n\nService Delivery in the Public and Private Sectors: Indonesia has made extensive progress to improve health outcomes in the past several decades.", + "Key Recommendations": "Governance: Rationalize the institutional oversight of BPJS-K, such that each oversight institution (Ministry of Finance, Financial Services Authority (OJK), National Social Security Council (DJSN), and MOH) has clear roles and responsibilities according to their technical strengths and as dictated by law.\n\nHealth Financing: Develop targeted strategies for covering the non-poor informal sector under JKN in the near term.\n\nService Delivery in the Public and Private Sectors: Engage the Ministry of Home Affairs, district governments, and DHOs to improve collaboration and communication around health sector regulations and quality standards.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.hfgproject.org/rapid-analytical-review-assessment-health-system-opportunities-gaps-indonesia/", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Health Care" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge", + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;", + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Health" + ], + "Type of Document": "Systematic review or Meta-analysis", + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Asia" + ], + "Year": "2015" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Himat Ullah", + "Uzair Ahmed Khan", + "Zohra Khanum", + "Douglas Krieger", + "Zia Ur Rehman", + "Syed Noman Ali Shah", + "Jill Tirnauer" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Pakistan" + ], + "Document ID": "1512-Khan-PAK", + "Document Title": "Building Sustainable Agribusiness in Pakistan: Final Evaluation of the Agribusiness Project", + "Document Summary": "The end-of-project evaluation of The Agribusiness Project (TAP) highlights the key findings and recommendations for the implementation of a newly designed project that focuses on developing agri-businesses and agricultural value chains. The USAID/Pakistan’s Economic Growth and Agriculture (EGA) office also asked for recommendations on how best to engage local organizations as implementing partners. The report provides a great deal of information to answer how and why questions, but suffer from the limitations common to qualitative data: differences in interview techniques, language barriers, general communication issues, the education level of respondents, and strategic behavior affect consistency, validity, and reliability. The evaluation team adequately addressed most of the limitations and is confident in the overall validity of the qualitative data.\n\nThe study identifies that the Agribusiness Support Fund (ASF)’s design of TAP was generally sound, i.e., it planned relevant and effective interventions. It also implemented most activities reasonably well after the mid-term course correction. Its primary implementation failings stemmed from a very long start-up period, which delayed substantive engagement with many beneficiaries by two or three years. The late start deprived beneficiaries of the time necessary to gain experience with new technologies and practices before project support ends and may ultimately compromise the sustainability of results. The remainder of the section of the report summarizes findings, conclusions, and recommendations for each value chain and value chain actor. \n\nBased on the findings, the report suggests that if and when USAID/Pakistan engages local partners, it should do so slowly with relatively modest projects where the negative consequences associated with up-front learning are small. USAID/Pakistan should adapt the value of the exports indicator to reflect a more meaningful measure of enhanced access to export markets. If USAID/Pakistan intends to continue supporting agricultural value chain development, it should consider continuing support to some of the more promising TAP-supported value chains and beneficiaries to give beneficiaries the additional technical assistance necessary to cement the lessons they have learned and address new challenges that arise as they gain experience with new technologies and practices. If USAID/Pakistan wishes to continue supporting the meat sector with a focus on developing export markets, it needs to take a more holistic approach. To improve prospects for sustainability, USAID/Pakistan should require implementing partners to develop sustainability plans during the design phase, review the plans periodically to determine whether sustainability hypotheses are valid, and adapt implementation as necessary if the hypotheses do not hold true. When building and/or strengthening institutions is an important component of a sustainability strategy, it needs to start early in the project so the institutions are engaged, strong, and sustainable.\n", + "Key Findings": "• ASF’s design of TAP was generally sound, i.e., it planned relevant and effective interventions. \n• It also implemented most activities reasonably well after the mid-term course correction. \n• Its primary implementation failings stemmed from a very long start-up period which delayed substantive engagement with many beneficiaries by two or three years.\n• The late start deprived beneficiaries of the time necessary to gain experience with new technologies and practices before project support ends and may ultimately compromise the sustainability of results.", + "Key Recommendations": "1. If and when USAID/Pakistan engages local partners, it should do so slowly with relatively modest projects where the negative consequences associated with up front learning are small.\n\n2. USAID/Pakistan should adapt the value of exports indicator to reflect a more meaningful measure of enhanced access to export markets.\n\n3. If USAID/Pakistan intends to continue supporting agricultural value chain development, it should consider continuing support to at least some of the more promising TAP-supported value chains and beneficiaries to give beneficiaries the additional technical assistance necessary to cement the lessons they have learned and address new challenges that arise as they gain experience with new technologies and practices.\n\n4. If USAID/Pakistan wishes to continue supporting the meat sector with a focus on developing export markets, it needs to take a more holistic approach.\n\n5. To improve prospects for sustainability, USAID/Pakistan should require implementing partners to develop sustainability plans during the design phase, review the plans periodically to determine whether sustainability hypotheses are valid, and adapt implementation as necessary if the hypotheses do not hold true.\n6. When building and/or strengthening institutions is an important component of a sustainability strategy, it needs to start early in the project so the institutions are engaged, strong, and sustainable.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00KVCR.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Energy", + "Hospitality/Tourism", + "Other", + "Processing & Manufacturing", + "Transportation and Warehousing" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Fresh Pack", + "Green Revolution", + "Hashoo Foundation" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships", + "Reputation and Credible Convening Power" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Agriculture and Food Security" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Corporate Foundation", + "Formal Sector", + "Local Business", + "Multi-national Business", + "Micro, Small, or Medium Enterprise", + "Large Enterprise" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Afghanistan and Pakistan" + ], + "Year": "2015" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Jake O'Sullivan", + "Abdulkarim Mairiga", + "Adewale Adeogun" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Nigeria" + ], + "Document ID": "1512-OSull-NGA", + "Document Title": "Targeted States High Impact Project (TSHIP) End-of-Project Evaluation Final Report", + "Document Summary": "The end-of-project performance evaluation report of the Targeted States High Impact Project (TSHIP) determines if TSHIP had attained its development objectives; assesses the strengths and weaknesses of TSHIP’s implementation strategy; and determines best practices and lessons learned over the life of the project. The evaluation findings inform the design and implementation of future United States Agency for International Development (USAID) supported maternal, newborn, and child health/reproductive health/family planning (MNCH/RH/FP) activities. The evaluation applied a mixed method (qualitative and quantitative) approach and included client exit interviews, a health facility survey, 21 focus group discussions (FGD), and key informant interviews (KII) with TSHIP staff and government officials at the state, local, and community levels; members of civil society organizations; community members; other donor organizations; and USAID.\n\nThe report highlights that TSHIP put maximum effort into training and capacity building. The scale of these efforts is impressive. In the area of capacity building, TSHIP also created job aids; conducted extensive pre-service training; trained on and implemented standards-Based Management and Recognition (SBMR); and provided on-the-job training, cross-visits, and workshops. TSHIP supported a wide range of policies, from simple standard operating procedures (SOPs) to legislation that created new agencies, such as the Drugs and Medical Consumables Management Agency (DMMA). All of these efforts were designed to strengthen and improve health systems or the context surrounding these systems. Despite TSHIP support, data quality remains a problem. The sustainability of HMIS gains is in question with the ending of the project, provision of forms, and occasional replacement of equipment provided by TSHIP may not be picked up by the states and LGAs. The revitalization of the WDCs (executed in collaboration with LEAD) in both states was successful and made important contributions to the success of the project. The community-based distribution of misoprostol and chlorhexidine using CBHV, which is a TSHIP innovation, is an effective and lifesaving intervention. The Focus States Strategy is an effective framework for creating synergies and multiplying the outputs of investments by USAID. Gender issues were and still are a barrier to improving health outcomes in the two states.\n\n", + "Key Findings": "While service delivery was found to have improved at the TSHIP-supported sites visited by the Evaluation Team, TSHIP was seriously hindered in achieving its expected health outcomes during the six years of the project because the project’s critical assumptions failed to hold during implementation and because some indicators require longer timelines to see an improvement. Also, while TSHIP ushered in new progressive health policies such as minimum coverage packages, they are still at too early a stage of implementation to be evaluated and to have delivered measurable health outcomes. The assumptions which have thus far been hard for the Government of Nigeria (GON) and LGAs to meet included the ability and willingness of the two states to provide adequate staff levels at the state, local government, and health facility levels; provide sufficient funding levels for high-quality service delivery; provide adequate commodities; and a functioning health management information system (HMIS). TSHIP met or surpassed expected outputs, with especially high praise for the project’s community work and building effective community networks. The community work has laid the groundwork for the local governments to strengthen health services in the two states.", + "Key Recommendations": "Follow-on activities should be designed in collaboration with the key stakeholders (state and local governments and civil society) in the two states. The Focus State Strategy should be continued as a strategic approach, not a project approach. Future health projects should have gender strategies and work plans integrated into project design. Ward Development Committees proved to be a valuable asset and a powerful tool for TSHIP and the entire health system strengthening/development process.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.globalwaters.org/resources/assets/targeted-states-high-impact-project-tship-end-project-evaluation-final-report", + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments", + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Health" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2015" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Julian Ramírez-Villegas", + "Carolina González", + "Anton Eitzinger", + "Mark Lundy", + "Fernando Rodríguez-Camayo", + "Andres Montenegro", + "Michael Sheridan" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Colombia" + ], + "Document ID": "1512-SHERI-COL", + "Document Title": "Using scientific evidence to link private and public sectors in the planning process: Observations from coffee sector engagement in Nariño, Colombia", + "Document Summary": "Coffee farming is an important source of income for an estimated 40,000 farming families in the Department of Nariño in southwestern Colombia. Nariño is widely recognized as one of the world’s leading origins of fine coffee, as measured by both the subjective preferences of leading specialty coffee companies and the objective standards of Nariño’s Denomination of Origin. Despite the commercial success of Nariño’s coffee in the marketplace, household-level data collected by CRS and CIAT suggest that most of Nariño’s coffee farmers likely live in poverty, and recent investments of public resources to help growers create and capture additional value have not achieved their poverty reduction goals.\nThis policy brief describes how a participatory multi-stakeholder planning process in Nariño’s coffee sector in 2012–2013, facilitated by credible third parties, succeeded in both introducing result-based evidence into the decision-making process and aligning the interests of the public and private sectors and civil society around a shared strategy to increase the sector’s competitiveness. That strategy formed the basis of significant public investment in the coffee sector that involves key actors from the public, private, and non-profit sectors.\nThe process documented here is worthy of careful consideration by policymakers and private-sector firms interested in channeling scarce public resources toward market-responsive poverty reduction investments, development agencies seeking to contribute to lasting impact in the field, and research institutes seeking high-leverage applications of scientific evidence.", + "Key Findings": "1. Participatory processes and facilitated dialogue can improve policy and support the efficient use of scarce public resources for poverty reduction by introducing result-based evidence into the decision-making process.\n2. The development of policies and project interventions based on multidimensional analyses of production systems is essential for optimizing the impact of public and private investments. Such analyses enable efforts to optimize outcomes across multiple categories of impact (economic, environmental, social) and over time.\n3. Partnership between research institutes and development agencies rooted in an “intent to influence” holds the potential to help both be more effective – by contributing to public policies based on technical and scientific evidence, research institutes can leverage the public goods they create through their research for broad impact; while development agencies whose projects may have limited numbers of direct participants can achieve “lower intensity” impact at a much larger scale through more inclusive policies.\n4. Facilitation of multi-stakeholder engagement in the development and adoption of sectoral plans was effective in this case due to the ability of the facilitation agents, the perception of their credibility among participants in the process, their status as disinterested actors, and their ability to support and inform decision-making through the provision of result-based evidence.\n5. New types of institutional organization and governance structures may be needed to develop strategies for adequately managing the risks and threats related to climatic variability and climate change, which will affect crop production in coffee-growing zones.\n6. The most effective interventions in the coffee sector will be customized for different growers based on farmer typology and for different geographies based on agroecological, economic, and social variables.", + "Key Recommendations": "1. Pair field-based operations with “research-for-influence” partnerships to position development agencies to contribute to broad-based impact even at a time of declining investment in the sector.\n2. Reflect the differences between farmer types in their efforts to maximize net income of farmers in the coffee sector in public policies aiming to reduce poverty. Effective interventions will be adapted to the conditions of each farmer group.\n3. Environmental niches need to be identified and joined with specialty\nmarketing niches, taking advantage of the “denomination of origin” and the international market’s recognition of Nariño’s high-quality coffee, while seeking the maximum expression in the cup-of-coffee profile with respect to the relationship between variety + environmental offer + postharvest handling + markets.\n4. Public policies aiming at poverty reduction in the coffee sector should reflect the differences between farmer types in their efforts to maximize net income of farmers in the coffee sector. Effective interventions will be adapted to the conditions of each farmer group.\n5. In all scenarios involving changes in land-use patterns, careful consideration must be given to ecological impacts, especially in the case of transition away from shade-grown coffee to annual or short-cycle crops grown in full exposure to the sun, and in the case of any crops planted on steep hillsides.\n6. It is essential to generate local capacities focused on achieving high quality in aspects such as postharvesting, ideal fermentation times according to geographic location, drying infrastructure, and storage. This could be catalyzed by implementing more inclusive business models that facilitate communication with the private sector, both for high-quality and mass produced coffees, as is done for other sectors such as fruits and vegetables.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://cgspace.cgiar.org/bitstream/handle/10568/70976/CIAT_PB23_USING_SCIENTIFIC_EVIDENCE_TO_LINK_PRIVATE_AND_PUBLIC_SECTORES_IN_THE_PLANNING_PROCESS.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, and Hunting" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Sustainable Harvest", + "Stumptown Coffee Roasters", + "Keurig", + "Intelligentsia Coffee", + "Counter Culture Coffee", + "Allegro Coffee Company" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Ability to Influence Policy", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments", + "Risk-Mitigation and Flexible Authorities", + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "International Center for Tropical Agriculture-CIAT", + "Catholic Relief Services" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Conflict" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Agriculture and Food Security" + ], + "Type of Document": "Industry Publication", + "USAID Region": [ + "Latin America and the Carribean" + ], + "Year": "2015" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Strengthening Health Outcomes through the Private Sector (SHOPS)" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "India" + ], + "Document ID": "1512-SHOPS-IND", + "Document Title": "India Program Profile", + "Document Summary": "This document is a program profile of USAID-funded three years (September 2012 to September 2015) ‘The Strengthening Health Outcomes through the Private Sector (SHOPS) program being implemented in India. This profile presents the goals, components, results, and lessons from the SHOPS program. The document sheds light on how the project is focusing on increasing availability, improving quality, and expanding coverage of essential health products and services in health areas throughout the private sector. \n\nThe report describes that USAID invested in SHOPS to improve and scale up five of the seven market-based models designed and piloted under MBPH. The three overarching goals of the SHOPS project related to improving the five models are: i) Refine and scale up three commercial sector partnership models for improving access and use of health products among base-of-the-pyramid populations: the ITC e-Choupal rural health initiative, the PharmaSynth ORS and zinc rural health initiative, and the advanced cookstoves (ACS) initiative, ii) Improve and implement a model for TB treatment that connects the public and private health sectors with communities and encourage the government’s Revised National Tuberculosis Control Program (RNTCP) to adopt the model, and iii) Continue supporting the Dimpa network in Uttar Pradesh to expand access to injectable contraceptives. The five models shared four objectives: i) sustainably bridge the existing gaps in supply and demand, ii) improve access to important health services and products, iii) build salience among owners who will sustain the work after the project ends, and iv) serve base-of the-pyramid populations in urban and rural India.\n", + "Key Findings": "Market-based partnerships can be accelerated by supporting financial and market analysis. The private sector can serve more market segments with new brands and improved referral mechanisms. Private providers are motivated to change their own behavior if they believe the change will result in increased client satisfaction. Dedicated and well-trained counselors are needed for successful telephone based support services.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.shopsplusproject.org/sites/default/files/resources/India%20Program%20Profile.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Processing & Manufacturing", + "Pharmaceuticals", + "Health Care" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "FDC (Limited)", + "Janani", + "Population Health Services India", + "Envirofit", + "Sonata", + "Margdarshak", + "Pratinidhi", + "Samip", + "MDPCL", + "S-MART", + "PharmaSynth" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge", + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;", + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Youth", + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Economic Growth", + "Health" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Local Business", + "Formal Sector", + "For-profit approach that generates sustainable income", + "Financial Institution, Investors, and Intermediaries" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Asia" + ], + "Year": "2015" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Kathleen Webb", + "Saleh al Qur'an", + "Barney Popkin" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Jordan" + ], + "Document ID": "1512-Webb-JOR", + "Document Title": "Final Performance Evaluation of the Public Action for Water, Energy and Environment Project (PAP)", + "Document Summary": "This report assesses the approaches and outcomes of the Public Action for Water, Energy, and Environment Project (PAP) in order to guide USAID’s future program design in Jordan. The evaluation report considers the effectiveness of mechanisms and implementation practices, lessons learned, sustainability of PAP relationships with counterparts, behavior change among consumers and institutions relative to energy and water conservation, and solid waste management. The report highlights that the team applied purposive sampling to represent the range of grants and target groups. Interviews, group discussions, and structured observation were conducted with 542 people from 14 grantees and 21 counterparts with 429 direct beneficiaries and 57 indirect beneficiaries. While the purposive sample allowed a range of data collection in a limited time period, this non-random sample could limit the representativeness of data. Data collected on capacity built and behavior changed is self-reported, which sometimes has resulted in overstating outcomes.\n\nThis report attempts to cover the achievements and/or deficiencies in outreach, communication, and social marketing capacity building at the government, utility company, and NGO levels; the achievements and/or deficiencies in producing behavior change in the population; the strategy and implementation approach that enhance or weaken the achievement of the anticipated tasks; the extent that the project counterparts satisfied with technical assistance provided by PAP (i.e., stakeholders’ buy-in and perceptions of PAP’s effectiveness in water, energy, and waste); the technical results of the project can USAID expect to be sustainable; the benefits that can be expected in terms of USAID’s and the project’s relationships with the main project counterparts; the incomplete project activities that should be prioritized for further investment; the alternative or unexpected causes of documented results or outcomes; the strategies or practices implemented that should be replicated in future projects in Jordan or elsewhere; and the main gender constraints in the project addressed. Finally, based on the findings, the report offers a list of recommendations that USAID should consider for future program design in Jordan. ", + "Key Findings": "Without a doubt, PAP built capacity in social marketing with the result of changing behavior in energy, water, and solid waste practices across a wide range of individuals and institutions. Under the best of circumstances capacity building and behavior change are challenging to measure; the dynamic, experimental, adaptive approach of PAP, and the multiple behaviors it intended to change (water, energy and solid waste) among populations who were sometimes exposed to multiple campaigns, present a large number of variables that further challenges measurement for the purpose of comparison and attribution. Nonetheless, the evaluation uncovers evidence, lessons, and practices that can be incorporated into future programs for social marketing and energy, water, and waste management.", + "Key Recommendations": "Effectiveness:\nPrior to identifying counterparts (government, municipalities, and utilities) and providing assistance, ensure agreement on priorities, strategies, and implementation mechanisms, and clearly articulating expectations and roles. \n\nSustainability:\nTo the extent possible, support JSMC to expand social marketing in Jordan (whether for energy conservation/savings or for other causes of social change) in order to leverage the investment made in its technical and management capabilities.\n\nLearning: \nFund the completion of Aqaba and Amman EDCO websites and replace or repair the malfunctioning solid waste equipment in Irbid.\n", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.globalwaters.org/sites/default/files/Final%20Performance%20Evaluation%20of%20the%20Public%20Action%20for%20Water%2C%20Energy%20and%20Environment%20Project%20%28PAP%29.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Energy" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Environment/Climate Change" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Middle East" + ], + "Year": "2015" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "ACDI/VOCA" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Ethiopia" + ], + "Document ID": "1600-ACDI-ETH", + "Document Title": "AGP-Agribusiness and Market Development Life of Project Report: 2011-2016", + "Document Summary": "This report captures the key achievements, outcomes, learning and recommendations for Feed the Future (FTF) Agricultural Growth Program-Agribusiness and Market Development (AGP AMDe) project of USAID’s strategy for Ethiopia. This is the U.S. government’s largest contribution to the Ethiopian government’s Agricultural Growth Program (AGP) that supported the Comprehensive African Agricultural Development Program framework, by strengthening agricultural productivity and markets in the four high rainfall regions of Amhara and Tigray. The report highlights that the AGP-AMDe project in Ethiopia used a value chain approach to strengthen the agriculture sector, enhance access to finance, and stimulate innovation and private sector investment. The value chains—coffee, sesame, chickpea, honey, wheat, and maize—were identified for their potential to improve both food security and incomes. The main goal of AGP is to sustainably reduce poverty and hunger and enhance economic growth. These goals are achieved by improving the productivity and competitiveness of value chains that offer jobs and income opportunities for rural households. The report identified that the project goals were aligned with the AGP goals and the overarching Feed the Future Initiative (FtF) goal, “to sustainably reduce poverty and hunger.”\n\nAGP-AMDe reinforced activities through technology and skills transfer as well as investments, which allowed the government, farmer unions, companies, and smallholder farmers to gain competitive advantages on domestic and international markets. Over the life of project, AGP AMDe facilitated millions of agribusiness loans in partnership with eight Ethiopian financial institutions for farmer unions, cooperatives, and private businesses. Access to finance proved critical for these organizations in order to acquire industrial grain processors and mills, food processing factories, warehouses, modern testing and grading equipment, improved varieties of seed, information technology, and the ability to increase aggregation of member grain and produce. AGP-AMDe worked with lead farmer networks to deliver training on good agriculture practices (GAP), PHH, and better business management skills to farmers, resulting in over 263,000 hectares managed and cultivated under improved techniques. \n", + "Key Findings": "The AGP-AMDe project in Ethiopia used a value chain approach to strengthen the agriculture sector, enhance access to finance, and stimulate innovation and private sector investment. The value chains—coffee, sesame, chickpea, honey, wheat, and maize—were identified for their potential to improve both food security and incomes. The main goal of AGP is to sustainably reduce poverty and hunger and enhance economic growth. These goals are achieved by improving the productivity and competitiveness of value chains that offer jobs and income opportunities for rural households. The project goals were aligned with the AGP goals and the overarching Feed the Future Initiative (FtF) goal, “to sustainably reduce poverty and hunger.”", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdfslide.net/documents/agp-agribusiness-and-market-goals-were-aligned-with-the-agp-helping-farmers.html", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, and Hunting", + "Business Services", + "Financial Services", + "Processing & Manufacturing", + "Food & Beverage", + "Technology" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Agro Prom International", + "Parodi Apicultura", + "Zenbaba FCU", + "DuPont Pioneer", + "Danya", + "John Mellor & Associates (JMA)", + "Kimetrica LLC" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships", + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;", + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Agriculture and Food Security" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Large Enterprise", + "Formal Sector", + "Multi-national Business", + "Local Business", + "Financial Institution, Investors, and Intermediaries" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2016" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "David L. Beck", + "Dil Bahadur Gurung" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Nepal", + "India", + "Pakistan", + "Bangladesh", + "Bhutan" + ], + "Document ID": "1600-Beck-MLT", + "Document Title": "Heat Stress Tolerant Maize for South Asia (HTMA)", + "Document Summary": "The external performance evaluation report of the Heat Tolerant Maize for Asia (HTMA) project provides empirical evidence to respond to evaluation questions designed to support lessons learned and continuous improvement for Bureau for Food Security's work in product development. It assesses the effectiveness, contributions of the Project Management entity, and the progress toward research outputs and outcomes. This evaluation provides information and recommendations to the U.S. Agency for International Development, and Bureau for Food Security (BFS), to improve project effectiveness, better achieve intended outcomes, and foster greater access to new technologies for smallholder farmers in South Asia. The evaluation took place from April – September 2016. Key data and information sources included over 20 interviews conducted with project partners, observations taken during visits to various heat-stressed field sites, and project documents including annual reports, progress reports, and refereed journal articles.", + "Key Findings": "• They have shown that heat and drought tolerance are not the same and that the lipid composition in the cellular membranes (particularly the chloroplasts) are critical to the stability of maize under heat stress.\n\n• Using precision phenotyping in multiple environments under heat stress and optimal conditions, followed by the application of appropriate bio-statistical tools, the project has made significant progress both identifying heat stress tolerant germplasm and understanding the genetic basis for the tolerance response.\n\n• The project is to be commended for forming six multi-parent synthetic (MPS) populations and for utilizing RCGS in their improvement.\n\n• Thousands of experimental hybrids generated by the HTMA were evaluated during the first four years of the project in a total of 237 locations under optimal conditions and 63 locations under heat stress environments in the South Asia region.\n\n• The project team organized ten excellent short term training courses, on phenotyping for heat stress tolerance in maize, on genomic selection (molecular breeding), and on maize seed production.", + "Key Recommendations": "1. As quick as is practically possible, we recommend that the various on-going studies should be completed, particularly those focusing on identifying candidate genes, and published in refereed journals.\n\n2. It is critical that the project scientists pull together the results of studies to clearly validate and confirm the most significant candidate genes for heat tolerance.\n\n3. The project needs to determine what priority it will give to the formation, improvement, and testing of synthetics as OPVs.\n\n4. For this we recommend that number of entries particularly for Stage–III and MLT should be same for two seasons/two years.\n\n5. We strongly recommend that the short-term training courses be continued so that additional researchers/technical staff can benefit.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00MFH4.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, and Hunting" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Pioneer", + "Ajeet and Kaveri Seeds" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge", + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Agriculture and Food Security" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "American Business", + "Multi-national Business", + "Formal Sector", + "For-profit approach that generates sustainable income", + "Large Enterprise", + "Micro, Small, or Medium Enterprise" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Asia", + "Afghanistan and Pakistan" + ], + "Year": "2016" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Oleg Vasilyevich Inshakov", + "Elena Ivanovna Inshakova" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Russia" + ], + "Document ID": "1600-Insha-RUS-pr", + "Document Title": "Policy of Innovation Clustering Based on the Public-Private Partnership in Contemporary Russia", + "Document Summary": "The article presents an analysis of trends in the organizational, industrial, and infrastructural development of innovative territorial clusters (ITC) in the Russian Federation. Parameters and characteristics of subsidies allocated from various sources for these purposes in 2013-2015 are disclosed. The study of the conducted ITC’s support policies reflects the concentration of clusters’ control levers by the regional authorities, which causes certain risks of clustering process containment in general. The spatial and temporal unevenness of clusters’ organizational development process, the instability of their financial support, and the strengthening of the vertical channels of influence that could give rise to corruption, stagnation, and ignoring the views of cluster participants when making strategic decisions are revealed.\n\nThe authors in this report reveal the necessity of conceptual enrichment of the methods and tools of formation and implementation of ITC’s strategies aimed at achieving high feasibility and concretization of their goals and means, providing a strong link between tactical measures and ongoing projects, and balancing the interests of stakeholders. It is proved in the article that the urgent task of enhancing the state of clustering policy in Russia has become a framework to improve the quality of ITC’s projects initiated and create an adequate system for monitoring the effectiveness of their implementation. While assessing the ITC projects it is proposed to take into account the investment effectiveness, sectoral strategies, profile programs of companies’ innovative development on the public-private partnership basis, regional universities development programs, as well as the similar projects implemented in other regions of Russia. ", + "Key Findings": "The article presents an analysis of trends in organizational, industrial and infrastructural development of innovative territorial clusters (ITC) in the Russian Federation. Parameters and characteristics of subsidies allocated from various sources for these purposes in 2013-2015 are disclosed. The study of the conducted ITC’s support policies reflects the concentration of clusters’ control levers by the regional authorities, that causes certain risks of clustering processes containment in general. The spatial and temporal unevenness of clusters’ organizational development process, the instability of their financial support and strengthening the vertical channels of influence that could give rise to corruption, stagnation and ignoring the views of cluster participants when making strategic decisions are revealed. The authors reveal the necessity of conceptual enrichment of the methods and tools of formation and implementation of ITC’s strategies aimed at achieving high feasibility and concretization of their goals and means, providing strong link between tactical measures and ongoing projects, and balancing the interests of stakeholders. It is proved in the article that the urgent task of enhancing the state of clustering policy in Russia has become a framework to improve the quality of ITC’s projects initiated and creating an adequate system for monitoring the effectiveness of their implementation. While assessing the ITC projects it is proposed to take into account the investment effectiveness, associated with the home region development strategy, sectoral strategies, profile programs of companies’ innovative development on the public-private partnership basis, regional universities development programs, as well as the similar projects implemented in other regions of Russia.", + "Key Recommendations": "To support the policy of innovation clustering based on PPP institutional and organizational issues of identification and formation of foci for innovative economic growth need to be addressed, and substantive stimulation is needed to develop effective production of goods at ITC for import substitution, restructuring and export development.", + "Internet URL of Document": "http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu3.2016.3.8", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Chemicals", + "Biotechnology", + "Pharmaceuticals", + "Aerospace and Defense", + "Technology" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Efficiency and Effectiveness", + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Volgograd State University" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "Peer-reviewed article or other research report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Local Business", + "Business Association or Cooperative" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Asia" + ], + "Year": "2016" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "MSI" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Angola", + "Benin", + "Botswana", + "Burkina Faso", + "Burundi", + "Côte d’Ivoire", + "Congo (Kinshasa)", + "Ethiopia", + "Gabon", + "Gambia", + "Ghana", + "Guinea", + "Kenya", + "Liberia", + "Madagascar", + "Malawi", + "Mali", + "Mozambique", + "Namibia", + "Niger", + "Nigeria", + "Rwanda", + "Senegal", + "Sierra Leone", + "South Africa", + "South Sudan", + "Sudan", + "Tanzania", + "Uganda", + "Zambia", + "Zimbabwe" + ], + "Document ID": "1600-Manag-MLT", + "Document Title": "The 2016 CSO Sustainability Index For Sub-Saharan Africa", + "Document Summary": "This report presents the eighth edition of the CSO Sustainability Index (CSOSI) for Sub-Saharan Africa. The index describes advances and setbacks in the region’s civil society sector in 2016 through assessments of seven key dimensions: the legal environment, organizational capacity, financial viability, advocacy, service provision, infrastructure, and public image. The index is a useful source of information for CSOs, governments, donors, academics, and others who want to better understand and monitor key aspects of CSO sustainability in Sub-Saharan Africa. It complements corresponding USAID-supported indices for 2016 that cover countries in Central and Eastern Europe and Eurasia, the Middle East and North Africa, and Asia. \n\nA look at the scores for the seven dimensions of CSO sustainability in the Sub-Saharan Africa, report reveals several striking patterns in 2016. More than one-quarter of participating countries report a decline in overall sustainability over the previous year. All but two of these countries are in East Africa, where, in fact, seven out of nine countries report an overall decline. As in all preceding years’ reports, no country in Sub-Saharan Africa reports an overall score that would put it in the highest category of sustainability, Sustainability Enhanced. Overall scores in twenty-one countries of Sub-Saharan Africa fall in the Sustainability Evolving category, while the other ten countries are in Sustainability Impeded. The report highlights that the majority of CSOs in Sub-Saharan Africa engage in service provision, and these CSOs generally enjoyed higher levels of funding and easier relationships with governments than advocacy organizations. Amid highly-charged political environments and deteriorating security situations, many advocacy organizations experienced intense or increasing pressure in 2016 - especially if they were seen as challenging authoritarian governments with activities involving democratization, good governance, or human rights. A theme common to nearly every country report in this year’s index is the difficulty CSOs encounter in acquiring funds. A final trend worth noting is the growth in 2016 of coalitions, networks, and similar groupings. The report concludes that thousands of devoted employees, volunteers, funders, community members, and other supporters ensure that the CSO sector maintains a leadership role in realizing prospects for change and development in the region. Finally, this index provides a useful record of the achievements and challenges of the CSO sector in 2016 and provides some reference points for its development in the years to come. ", + "Key Findings": "The majority of CSOs in Sub-Saharan Africa engage in service provision, and these CSOs generally enjoyed higher levels of funding and easier relationships with governments than advocacy organizations. Amid highly-charged political environments and deteriorating security situations, many advocacy organizations experienced intense or increasing pressure in 2016, especially if they were seen as challenging authoritarian governments with activities involving democratization, good governance, or human rights.\n\nA theme common to nearly every country report in this year’s index\nis the difficulty CSOs encounter in acquiring funds.A final trend worth noting is the growth in 2016 of coalitions, networks, and similar groupings.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.msiworldwide.com/sites/default/files/additional-resources/2018-12/2016%20CSO%20Sustainability%20Index%20Africa.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Financial Services", + "Media", + "Telecommunications", + "Food & Beverage", + "Mining & Extractives", + "Processing & Manufacturing" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Barclays Bank", + "First National Bank", + "Mascom Wireless", + "Standard Bank", + "Kgalagadi Breweries", + "Debswana Diamond Company" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities", + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Ability to Influence Policy" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Reputation and Credible Convening Power", + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;", + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Youth", + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Conflict" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Democracy, Human Rights, & Governance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Multi-national Business", + "For-profit approach that generates sustainable income", + "Formal Sector", + "Local Business", + "Large Enterprise", + "Micro, Small, or Medium Enterprise", + "Regional Business", + "Financial Institution, Investors, and Intermediaries" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2016" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Samson John Mgaiwa", + "Japhace Poncian" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Tanzania" + ], + "Document ID": "1600-Mgaiw-TZA-pr", + "Document Title": "Public–private partnership in higher education provision in Tanzania: implications for access to and quality of education", + "Document Summary": "This paper aims at analyzing the impact of PPPs on access to and quality of higher education in Tanzania. Secondary research is used to gather data and a critical review of the data and its analysis is made. This analysis is therefore based on published educational data in light of the public-private partnership. This paper examines the quality of higher education by looking at the quantity and qualifications of academic staff in higher education institutions and the capacity and role of the Tanzania Commission for Universities. The focus of the paper is on higher education financing and on private higher education institutions. \n\nIn view of the analysis made, the paper concludes that public-private partnership in Tanzania’s higher education has had a positive impact on creating more opportunities for accessing higher education. It has more significantly helped reduce the gender gap in student enrolment as private higher learning institutions enroll a higher proportion of female students than public institutions. That notwithstanding, an increase in access to higher education through an increase in student enrollment hasn’t meant that there have been adequate opportunities in private institutions for access to diverse and unique degree programs and courses. Furthermore, PPPs have not helped improve the quality of education, especially in private institutions due to the inadequate number and qualifications of members of academic staff teaching in these institutions. Although the number of private higher education institutions has tremendously increased, public higher education institutions continue to be significant in that they enroll a large number of students and are heavily relied upon by private institutions for academic staff and education programs offered. Given the low enrollment rate in Tanzania'sigher education, PPPs’ role in expanding opportunities in higher education needs to be revisited and corrective measures need to be taken. This is because if institutions are established without a clear enrolment threshold, there is a danger of compromising the quality of education provided and having institutions that have little contribution to education access. This implies that no matter how good PPPs are, they require proper ararrangementshat that need to be done in line with good watchdogs or organizations that closely asses the ability of institutions to provide such education without compromising the quality of output from these universities.\n", + "Key Findings": "The findings indicated that PPPs have had a positive impact on increasing access to Tanzania higher education. However, although private universities and university colleges are many in number, enrollment has continued to be higher in public universities. It was further noted that an increase in higher learning institutions and subsequent increase in access to higher education has not meant an improvement in the quality of education provided by the institutions. As such, PPPs have had no significant impact on the improvement of quality of education. This is mainly accounted for by the number and qualifications held by academic members of staff in private universities, the infrastructure as well as the programmes they offer.", + "Internet URL of Document": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40728-016-0036-z", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Educational Services" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments", + "Risk-Mitigation and Flexible Authorities" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;", + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Bandung" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Youth", + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Education and Social Services" + ], + "Type of Document": "Peer-reviewed article or other research report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Formal Sector", + "Local Business" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2016" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Krisztina Pusok" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global", + "Mexico", + "Bangladesh", + "Benin", + "Cambodia", + "Indonesia", + "Peru", + "Tanzania", + "Uganda" + ], + "Document ID": "1600-Pusok-GLO-pr", + "Document Title": "Public-Private Partnerships and Corruption in the Water and Sanitation Sectors in Developing Countries", + "Document Summary": "This study investigates how foreign private investments and corruption affect access to potable water and access to sanitation in developing countries. The line of argumentation revolves fundamentally around the neoliberal debate and the implication of corruption. This paper hypothesizes that the level of corruption diffuses the distribution of foreign private investments from sanitation to potable water; thus, sanitation coverage will be rather low in developing countries with high corruption. The results indicate that corrupt governments have no incentives to promote coverage in the sanitation sector, thus allowing private investors to seek to align their investment projects with their profit-maximization strategy. The findings not only condition the neoliberal discourse on the effect of investments on sanitation by placing considerable weight on the level of corruption. Instead, they further propose to assure that the population ultimately benefits from the investments. Governance should be in place to ensure that aligning the corporate strategy with the necessity to increase sanitation coverage fills the gaps in the WSS in developing countries.\n\nTaken as a whole, the evidence also sheds some light on the debate focusing on the effects of poor governance on investment. The findings in the sanitation sector corroborate previous research showing evidence of the negative effects of corruption on the efficiency of investments and stress that better governance improves several aspects of the economy and creates a better investment climate, which increases the efficiency and profitability of the firms. While corruption has been noted as a critical impediment to the achievement of sustainable development goals, this study confirms the findings that corruption reduces both the volume and effectiveness of not only foreign private investments but also the efficiency of PPP projects in the WSS in developing countries. However, the findings in the case of potable water challenge previous research suggesting that the cost of corruption in terms of waste of money and time outweighs any potential benefits. As such, this study suggests that the profitability in water provision outweighs the costs associated with corruption. This paper concludes that first the governments play an important role in the efficiency of PPPs: not only do they define the institutional framework and the WSS’s policy, but they also oversee the implementation of policies. Corruption distorts the goal of the policies and also crowds out investments in the less profitable sanitation sector. Hence, tackling corruption is a requirement for increasing efficiency in the WSS. Second, this paper shows that both the public and private sectors can undermine the anticipated benefits of PPPs. While this study specifically focuses on the role of foreign investors, further research is needed to investigate the characteristics of domestic private actors and the relationship between them and the public sector. \n", + "Key Findings": "Do foreign private investments (originated through public-private partnerships) improve the Water and Sanitation Sector in developing countries? I synthesize market sympathetic and skeptical arguments by noting that their relative salience depends on the level of corruption in a country. Specifically, I argue that private investments can effectively provide water and sanitation through public-private partnerships if they are adequately governed by the state. When corruption is high, however, private actors will pursue profit maximization over public needs, which leads them to provide water but not adequate sanitation. I test these arguments using a cross-sectional time series of fifty-six non-Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries from 1991 through 2012.", + "Internet URL of Document": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1065912916658552", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Other" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Suez Lyonnaise des Eaux", + "Thames Water" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Journal of Political Research Quarterly" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Health" + ], + "Type of Document": "Peer-reviewed article or other research report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Formal Sector", + "Multi-national Business", + "Large Enterprise" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Global", + "Latin America and the Carribean", + "Asia", + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2016" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "SSG Advisors" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Ghana" + ], + "Document ID": "1600-SSG-GHA", + "Document Title": "Sustainable Fisheries Management Project (SFMP): Vodafone Fishers Club Partnership Forum Workshop Report", + "Document Summary": "This report summarizes the proceedings and results of the partnership planning workshop held on the 16th and 17th of November 2015 at the Golden Tulip Hotel in Accra, Ghana. It represents the outcomes of discussions between the private sector, government, and civil society representatives. The results from the two-day forum will be used to formulate a concept note for the partnership. This report describes the specific sessions and presents the workshop's results.\n\nThe workshop report emphasizes the need for all stakeholders to sustain the spirit of collaboration to ensure partnership success. It also stresses the potential benefits of the partnership for the fisheries sector in Ghana, as well as the importance of the buy-in and support of the government of Ghana and the fishermen's associations. The report offers the next steps for the partnership, which include:\n\n• SSG to share a dropbox file with the raw workshop outputs with all participants\n• SSG to share a final workshop report with all participants\n• SSG to prepare and share a draft strategic concept note for the partnership\n• Key partners will then review the concept note and discuss their comments, proposed changes, and possible roles and contributions with SFMP and SSG\n• SSG to guide negotiations with partners on roles, responsibilities, and resource contributions, following initial reviews of the concept note once negotiations have been finalized\n• SSG will finalize the concept note and begin drafting a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) to formalize the partnership", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.crc.uri.edu/download/GH2014_PPP007_SSG_FIN.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Other", + "Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, and Hunting", + "Technology", + "Telecommunications" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Esoko", + "Vodafone", + "Millennium Insurance" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities", + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge", + "Reputation and Credible Convening Power" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;", + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Agriculture and Food Security" + ], + "Type of Document": "Landscape Analysis", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "For-profit approach that generates sustainable income", + "Formal Sector", + "Regional Business", + "Multi-national Business", + "Large Enterprise" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2016" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Dale Adams", + "Ralph W. Cummings, Jr.", + "Larry Paulson", + "Lynn Salinger", + "Robert Winterbottom" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "1600-USAID-GLO-A", + "Document Title": "USAID's Legacy in Agricultural Development: 50 Years of Progress", + "Document Summary": "USAID’S legacy in agricultural development 50 Years of Progress Report provides the documentation and preservation of USAID’s agricultural development achievements; highlights best practices and challenges; and shares lessons learned with USAID and its partners to accelerate progress. The report highlights that USAID’s efforts in reforming a country’s land tenure and property rights systems produced enormous benefits for agriculture. Working with local systems, USAID’s efforts to demarcate land holdings, reform land registries, and define property rights have helped transform agriculture around the world by prompting more efficient resource use. USAID funding helped scale up the Green Revolution, producing history’s most dramatic increase in food production through the development of high-yielding cereal varieties. USAID has partnered with U.S. university scientists and host-country researchers to conduct research to boost crop and animal productivity, regenerate soils, manage pests, enhance nutrition, support science-based biotechnology, pioneer remote-sensing applications, and understand farming systems. USAID has been a major investor in the agricultural institutions of dozens of countries and trained thousands of graduate-level students in the United States. USAID has been an effective advocate for enabling environments that open markets and promote competition. USAID’s work with cooperatives helped advance a new approach to agricultural and rural finance based on competitive interest rates, secure deposits, stable institutions, and lower transaction costs. USAID-sponsored research in the 1970s uncovered the presence of a profitable, non-farm rural sector generating labor-intensive employment and making efficient use of scarce capital. Recognizing that well-functioning economies require stable policies and fair regulations that facilitate competition and growth, USAID has worked with partners to get agricultural policies right. An active proponent of the benefits of liberalized trade, USAID has worked to broaden access to trade treaties for emerging economies and sharpen their trade negotiating skills. Over the past five decades, USAID has been a leader in integrating environmental considerations into agriculture, developing approaches that other countries, communities, and donors have adopted and modified.\n\n", + "Key Findings": "Overall, our Legacy in Agricultural Development reflects:\n• Leadership in new concepts, designs and implementation mechanisms;\n• Moving beyond transfers of money and technology to address underlying socio-economic and organizational issues;\n• Mission operational flexibility that benefits from devolution of significant authorities to the field;\n• Contributions from a diversity of partners and alliances at many levels, matching our mechanisms to the skills of implementing partners;\n• Strong linkages to U.S. expertise and comparative advantage through public universities, private companies, national associations, foundations, NGOs and PVOs, other parts of the U.S. government as well as individual farmers;", + "Key Recommendations": "Together, the findings and conclusions of the 2009 study of the ProExAg and Exitos projects and the 2010 assessment highlighted several key lessons: \n1. When promoting NTAE crops, breaking into a new sector requires careful planning and taking a thorough, critical look at the opportunities and constraints and level of external support required to sustain success, typically a 10–15 year endeavor; \n2. Diversify the mix of non-traditional crops as winners cannot be predicted with certainty and slow-starters may take off later; \n3. Governments need to improve the transparency, availability and timing of export sector information to help sustain existing exports and promote new ones; and \n4. The opportunity for small-scale rural producers to participate in growing, harvesting, and packing NTAE crops creates labor-intensive job opportunities at higher wages.\n", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.usaid.gov/sites/default/files/2022-05/USAID-Legacy-in-Agricultural-Development.PDF", + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Efficiency and Effectiveness", + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments", + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships", + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Advancing Learning and Market Research;", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth", + "Conflict" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Agriculture and Food Security" + ], + "Type of Document": "Landscape Analysis", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Local Business", + "Micro, Small, or Medium Enterprise" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2016" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "1600-USAID-GLO-B", + "Document Title": "Partnering for Impact: USAID and the Private Sector", + "Document Summary": "This report highlights some of USAID’s most innovative partnerships from across USAID Bureaus and Missions and provides details of its proactive engagement with a diverse group of private sector partners—multinational corporations, local businesses, start-up social enterprises, and a range of financial institutions—to leverage their core business capabilities to make a real difference in the lives of people across the world. The report describes that USAID builds partnerships that leverage the combined expertise, assets, and resources of the public, private, and nonprofit sectors to deliver cost-effective and results-oriented development solutions. To achieve this goal, USAID works with a diverse array of partners—including host country governments, civil society and faith-based organizations, global and local businesses, universities, foundations, non-governmental organizations, and diaspora groups—that bring distinct skill sets and knowledge toward creating sustainable development impact. Among these partners, the private sector has a unique and growing role to play in global problem-solving, which is evidenced by the fact that since 2001, USAID has built more than 1,600 partnerships with the private sector and expects to leverage more than $16 billion in non-U.S. government public and private funds. USAID works collaboratively with the private sector across nearly every sector and industry to find new solutions to global challenges.", + "Key Findings": "As highlighted in this report, USAID is engaging the private sector in increasingly diverse ways. As market-based solutions to development challenges gain prominence, the Agency and its partners are sharing best practices, and contributing to a growing field of knowledge of public-private partnerships that advance market-based solutions to development challenges. Additionally, partnering is becoming embedded across USAID—we are investing in training to build the capacity of Agency staff around the world to work with the private sector, recruiting more people with private sector experience and skills, and implementing more robust approaches to manage ongoing relationships with private sector partners.`", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://2017-2020.usaid.gov/sites/default/files/documents/15396/Partnering_for_Impact.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Financial Services", + "Food & Beverage", + "Fast Moving Consumer Goods", + "Processing & Manufacturing", + "Energy", + "Business Services", + "Pharmaceuticals", + "Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, and Hunting", + "Technology" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Google", + "PureFresh", + "Wanda Organic", + "Village Capital", + "FICCI", + "General Electric", + "Grupo Bimbo", + "Visa", + "Omidyar Network", + "Citi", + "Ford", + "Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation", + "Cargill", + "General Mills", + "Unilever", + "Praekelt Foundation", + "GlaxoSmithKline (GSK)", + "Qualcomm", + "Coca Cola", + "MasterCard", + "Equity Bank", + "Intel", + "Orange", + "Fronterra", + "Duke Energy Corporation", + "Winrock International", + "Golden Harvest", + "Walmart", + "Starbucks", + "Keurig Green Mountain", + "Equal Exchange", + "Cooperative Coffees", + "Root Capital" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities", + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Ability to Influence Policy", + "Flexibility and Pace", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge", + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships", + "Risk-Mitigation and Flexible Authorities", + "Reputation and Credible Convening Power", + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;", + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Advancing Learning and Market Research;", + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Agriculture and Food Security", + "Environment/Climate Change", + "Education and Social Services", + "Health", + "Economic Growth", + "Democracy, Human Rights, & Governance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Landscape Analysis", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Multi-national Business", + "Large Enterprise", + "Local Business", + "Micro, Small, or Medium Enterprise", + "Financial Institution, Investors, and Intermediaries" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2016" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "David Wofford", + "Shawn MacDonald", + "Carolyn Rodehau" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "1600-Woffo-GLO", + "Document Title": "A call to action on women’s health: putting corporate CSR standards for workplace health on the global health agenda", + "Document Summary": "This article has called on the global health community to act in a new policy arena that shapes corporate practices on women’s and workplace health as a core strategy of achieving the Sustainable Development Goals. The global health community engages corporations – and CSR – through public-private partnerships. We have argued this value approach leaves out the importance of CSR policies as part of a “new governance” framework that shapes corporate policies and businesses’ evolving role in society. The paper has called this framework the CSR system, which is based on a definition of CSR as a set of “processes of mutual governance between business, civil society, national governments, and international organizations” in the management of a business’s role in society. This encompasses the more common definitions of CSR based on business motivation. In this system, civil society, businesses, global institutions, and governments set, monitor, and enforce standards and practices on social, environmental, and other issues. ", + "Key Findings": "This article has called on the global health community to take action in a new policy arena that shapes corporate practices on women’s and workplace health as a core strategy of achieving the Sustainable Development Goals. The global health community engages corporations – and CSR – through public-private partnerships. We have argued this value approach leaves out the importance of CSR policies as part of a “new governance” framework that shapes corporate policies and business’ evolving role in society. We have called this framework the CSR system, which is based on a definition of CSR as a set of “processes of mutual governance between business, civil society, national governments and international organizations” in the management of business’ role in society. This encompasses the more common definitions of CSR based on business motivation.", + "Key Recommendations": "1. Put CSR standards for women’s health on the global health agendas a core issue\n2. Target key institutions tha`t can drive CSR policy change\n3. Leverage existing relationships and existing issues\n4. Generate data, evidence and tools related to workplace health policies and practices\n5. Promote CSR policy linkages in the workplace between occupational and public health", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5095953/", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Processing & Manufacturing", + "Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, and Hunting", + "Business Services", + "Health Care" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Ability to Influence Policy", + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships", + "Reputation and Credible Convening Power" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;", + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Globalization and Health" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Health" + ], + "Type of Document": "Peer-reviewed article or other research report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Multi-national Business", + "Large Enterprise" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2016" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "World Bank" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "1600-World-GLO", + "Document Title": "Doing Business 2016: Measuring Regulatory Quality and Efficiency", + "Document Summary": "The report focuses on regulations and regulatory processes involved in setting up and operating a business. It analyzes those that address asymmetries in information (such as credit market regulations), those that balance asymmetries in bargaining power (such as labor market regulations), and those that enable the provision of public goods or services (such as business or property registration). By expanding the scope of the indicators—a process started in last year’s report and continued in this year’s—Doing Business provides further clarity on the differences between well-designed and badly designed regulation. New data on the quality of regulation make it easier to identify where regulation is enabling businesses to thrive and where it is enabling rent-seeking. \n\nThe report uses a different approach to measuring the quality of regulation. It focuses on whether an economy has in place the rules and processes that can lead to good outcomes, linked in each case to Doing Business measures of efficiency. In the area of dealing with construction permits, for example, the report provides indicators to measure the quality of building regulations and the qualification requirements for the people reviewing building plans as well as the efficiency (as measured by time and cost) of the process for completing all the formalities to build a warehouse. Doing Business does not assess the process for designing building regulations; instead, it gauges whether an economy has the kind of building regulations and quality controls that enable well-constructed buildings. Doing Business report continues to focus on regulation that affects domestic small and medium-sized enterprises, operating in the largest business city of an economy, across 11 areas. Ten of these areas—starting a business, dealing with construction permits, getting electricity, registering property, getting credit, protecting minority investors, paying taxes, trading across borders, enforcing contracts, and resolving insolvency—are included in the distance to frontier score and ease of doing business ranking. Doing Business also analyzes labor market regulation, which is not included in the distance to frontier score or ease of doing business ranking.\n", + "Key Findings": "This year’s Doing Business report continues a two-year process of introducing improvements in 8 of 10 Doing Business indicator sets—to complement the emphasis on the efficiency of regulation with a greater focus on its quality. New data show that efficiency and quality go hand in hand and information technology is part of good business regulation. \n\nOverall in the past year, 122 economies implemented at least one regulatory reform in the areas measured by Doing Business—231 reforms in total. Economies in all regions and income groups have improved the quality and efficiency of business regulation.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.doingbusiness.org/content/dam/doingBusiness/media/Annual-Reports/English/DB16-Full-Report.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Financial Services", + "Transportation and Warehousing", + "Energy" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness", + "Ability to Influence Policy", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships", + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "World Bank" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Conflict" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Financial Institution, Investors, and Intermediaries" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2016" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Jim Purcell", + "Daryl Martyris", + "Naseema Noor", + "Aimee Rose" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Afghanistan" + ], + "Document ID": "1601-Checc-AFG", + "Document Title": "Meta-Analysis of Final Evaluations of USAID/Afghanistan Projects, 2010 - 2015", + "Document Summary": "Meta-Analysis of Final Evaluations Report of USAID Projects Implemented in Afghanistan, 2010-2015 assesses the effectiveness, efficiency, and sustainability of USAID/Afghanistan’s past portfolio of projects, as well as the use that was made of evaluation recommendations in Mission decision-making. Analysis of the findings identified recurrent project objectives and trends within and across sectors and factors influencing projects’ effectiveness, efficiency, and sustainability. ", + "Key Findings": "A plurality of the 35 projects, 16 (45.8%), received a mixed rating, meaning they had both positive and negative key findings. Nine projects (25.7%) were deemed unsatisfactory and seven (20%) satisfactory. Last, three projects (8.6%) could not be rated based on their evaluations alone. Looking at the project ratings by USAID technical office and sector provides some suggestions of trends. The Office of Agriculture’s projects were generally implemented well: three of four agriculture projects received satisfactory ratings.", + "Key Recommendations": "1. Standardize evaluation SOWs by defining the concepts effectiveness, efficiency, and sustainability. Ask evaluators straightforward questions addressing these issues.\n2. Key activity personnel should utilize monitoring data throughout the project so that if there are problems with capturing data or the M&E system more broadly, they are discovered early.\n3. USAID/Afghanistan should continue to prioritize timeliness of evaluations. In fiscal year 2014, only 33% of evaluations were done on time; in fiscal year 2015, 75% were timely. Where useful, independent midterm performance evaluations should be conducted to enable course-corrections to occur.\n4. USAID/Afghanistan should continue to prioritize population of the recommendation utilization template by CORs immediately following the completion of the evaluation report.\n5. OPPD should ensure that Program Development Officers use recommendations to inform new activity/project design by requiring evaluation utilization to be part of all new activity reviews, as well as portfolio reviews.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00M8B2.pdf", + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments", + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Agriculture and Food Security", + "Democracy, Human Rights, & Governance", + "Economic Growth", + "Environment/Climate Change", + "Education and Social Services", + "Health" + ], + "Type of Document": "Systematic review or Meta-analysis", + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Afghanistan and Pakistan" + ], + "Year": "2016" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "FHI 360" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Burma", + "China", + "Thailand" + ], + "Document ID": "1601-FHI-MMR", + "Document Title": "Control and Prevention of Tuberculosis Project: Final Report: Burma", + "Document Summary": "This report summarizes the U.S. Agency for International Development’s Control and Prevention of Tuberculosis (the CAP-TB) project in Burma over four years of implementation (FY 2012 through FY 2015). Key strategies underlying the project’s patient-centered, community-driven model are highlighted in this report and further described in the Program Performance section of this report. \n\nThe report highlights that Myanmar Medical Association (MNA) in FY13 collaborated closely with the Myanmar NTP and basic health staff (BHS) to provide directly observed therapy (DOT) for MDR-TB patients. Community supporters were recruited from existing community networks in these townships, who volunteered their time, working alongside BHS to conduct daily evening home visits to MDR-TB patients. They provided DOT during these visits, along with psychosocial support and health education to patients and family members. The project procured and used the underutilization Solar-powered GeneXpert machine to provide stable, continuous power enabling uninterrupted analysis of sputum for MDR-TB. This helped to pave the way for the NTP to scale up solar-powered Gene Xpert machines at the district level and more remote facilities, improving access to diagnosis in unreached areas of the country. In 2014, the CAP-TB team launched DOTsync, a mobile application for community DOT that was developed using Dimagi’s open-source CommCare software. DOTsync was developed to create a tool to train community volunteers to provide DOT support for MDR-TB patients. Leading up to World TB Day 2014, the CAP-TB “Cover Your Cough” campaign used creative social and mass media to reach patients, families, and communities on simple methods to reduce TB and MDR-TB transmission. To strengthen human resource capacity during PMthe DT scale-up, CAP-TB supported “Training of Trainers” for non-TB clinicians from the public sector in 2012. In the initial phase of designing CAP-TB’s patient-centered, community-driven model, the project launched the “TB Trends” module in March 2013 to clarify health-seeking and purchasing behavior for the agnosis and treatment of TB. From April 2013 through September 2015, the CAP-TB team supported 983 patients for the full duration or a portion of the 20-24 month MDR-TB treatment. The main CAP-TB intervention was the monthly “package of support” comprising home visits (counseling, infection control, contact referrals); food; and transportation allowance: 510 patients received this monthly package of support, of whom 485 have completed treatment to date, with 85.3% treatment success.\n", + "Key Findings": "1. Country Assessment: The Burma CAP-TB Country Assessment was conducted in Yangon and Mandalay from March 12-17, 2012 by representatives from FHI 360 and the Union. \n2. Staff Recruitment: At the end of FY12, there was a total of 18 project staff on the CAP-TB team: one program manager, two TB medical coordinators, 12 TB field supervisors, two data management operators, and one finance and administrative assistant.\n3. Financial Review: The Union finance manager conducted pre-award financial reviews for two local IAs in June and July. \n4. Coordination: The CAP-TB program manager and medical coordinators conducted regular monitoring in 7 townships in Mandalay and held local-level coordination meetings with the TB\nregional officer. \n5. Work planning: Meetings were held between the CAP-TB FHI 360 team, the Union, and the NTP in June and August to discuss the FY12 and FY13 work plans. ", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00M3BM.pdf", + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships", + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Health" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Asia" + ], + "Year": "2016" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Miguel Gómez", + "Benjamin Mueller", + "Mary Kate Wheeler" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "1601-Gómez-GLO", + "Document Title": "Private Sector Extension Activities Targeting Small Farmers in Developing Countries", + "Document Summary": "Private extension initiatives (including public-private partnerships led by food companies and NGOs) are rapidly expanding worldwide. However, little is known regarding appropriate approaches for the private provision of extension services to smallholder farmers in developing countries. To fill this knowledge gap, this report characterizes emerging extension models led by private organizations worldwide. The report provides valuable findings that are extremely helpful for donors and private/public decision-makers interested in increasing the profitable participation of smallholder farmers in food value chains. This report offers a conceptual framework to explain how 1) contextual factors, 2) organizational characteristics, 3) partnership arrangements, and 4) extension activities influence the performance of private sector extension models. In any given situation, the general context establishes a unique set of opportunities and challenges. It focuses on three contextual factors that help to explain extension performance: the characteristics of the commodity and associated processing industry; the policies, infrastructure, and political relations in a given country; and the degree to which the information required by farmers can be characterized as a public good. Based on the conceptual framework, this report offers a survey instrument to characterize privately led extension programs and to elicit indicators of performance in multiple dimensions.", + "Key Findings": "• Privately-led extension programs are multifaceted in nature. \n• Production-oriented goals tend to be prioritized (e.g. productivity, supply reliability) over social and environmental goals.\n• We find a variety of arrangements for funding and implementation, which include single-actor and multi-actor models. We also find more public-private collaboration in funding than in implementation.\n• The self-assessment scores suggest more progress toward achieving farm-level goals related to production and market access; and less progress toward achieving social (e.g. poverty alleviation) or environmental goals. \n• Extensions tactics and keys to success. Provision of financial services and farm management training appear to substantially advance several goals. ", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://meas.illinois.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/MEAS-Report-2016-Private-Section-Extension-Activities-Small-Farmers-Gomez-Mueller-Wheeler.pdf", + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships", + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;", + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Feed the Future" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Youth", + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Conflict" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Agriculture and Food Security" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2016" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Donald Greenberg", + "Christopher Root" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Ghana", + "Côte d’Ivoire", + "Cameroon", + "Nigeria" + ], + "Document ID": "1601-Green-MLT", + "Document Title": "African Cocoa Initiative Final Performance Evaluation Report", + "Document Summary": "African Cocoa Initiative (ACI) Final Performance Evaluation Report describes the contribution that the ACI activities made to achieve the objectives and results as intended for the project overall and its four components: the ACI activities to positively (or negatively) affected food security among cocoa farmers and within cocoa-producing communities; benefits or drawbacks occurred as a result of the program for each component' the most important lessons learned from implementing ACI; and the way that the ACI program or successor initiatives be designed to more cost-effectively and sustainably achieve and measure objectives, results, and outcomes. ", + "Key Findings": "The evaluation found that the ACI project activities are likely to have raised farmers’ cocoa productivity and thereby increased food security (see below). These productivity improvements have occurred through the adoption of good agricultural practices promoted by the project: improved planting materials, improved extension, spraying services, and finance. A number of factors constrained this progress. The capacity-building and enabling environment strengthening initiatives of Component I and parts of Components II and III are long-term activities that should not have been expected to contribute to increased income and food security during the project period. A greater use of evidence-based policy advocacy in Component I could have accelerated progress in achieving reforms that would have laid the groundwork for increased cocoa household incomes.", + "Key Recommendations": "Project management should have a full-time market facilitation specialist who proactively pursues opportunities for commercially sustainable inputs and service delivery.\n\nTo help spur these reforms, project management should include a full-time policy advocacy specialist.\n\nManagement should take better advantage of synergies between components and other cocoa initiatives.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/pa00m2gp.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Financial Services", + "Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, and Hunting", + "Food & Beverage" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "CropLife", + "Advans", + "Transroyal", + "Wienco", + "Cargill", + "Tcho Ventures Inc.", + "Guittard" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships", + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Youth", + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Agriculture and Food Security" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Financial Institution, Investors, and Intermediaries", + "Business Association or Cooperative", + "Multi-national Business", + "For-profit approach that generates sustainable income", + "Formal Sector", + "Regional Business", + "Corporate Foundation", + "Large Enterprise", + "American Business" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2016" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Emily Gustafsson-Wright", + "Sophie Gardiner" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global", + "India", + "South Africa", + "Cameroon", + "Kenya", + "Australia", + "Canada", + "United Kingdom", + "United States" + ], + "Document ID": "1601-Gusta-GLO-pr", + "Document Title": "Using Impact Bonds to Achieve Early Childhood Development Outcomes in Low- and Middle-Income Countries", + "Document Summary": "Given the exploding interest in both impact investing and Payment Based Results (PbR) mechanisms and the critical need to think creatively about financing services for young children, this study seeks to explore the potential to use this tool to make some headway in achieving the outcomes laid out in the SDGs. The report highlights that given that domestic resources and international aid will be insufficient to meet the estimated costs of these goals- private and nontraditional finance for development and the associated investment opportunities for the private sector in support of the longer-term agenda of the SDGs could be considered. Leveraging these new sources of funding and linking financing and results through innovative financing mechanisms is also crucial to the achievement of global goals.\n\nIn this context, the report suggests that the impact bonds have the potential to address some of the main financing and delivery constraints faced in ECD. By providing upfront private capital, impact bonds could help to address service provider liquidity constraints and leverage public capital by allowing the government to connect preventive programs with future benefits to individuals, society, and the economy. The high participation of non-state actors and potentially significant returns in ECD make it a promising sector for impact bonds. Unlike other services that may have entrenched interests, the multitude of agencies and non-state entities financing and providing ECD services potentially allows for more experimentation. Impact bonds require meaningful outcomes that are measurable within a time frame that is reasonable to the outcome funder. Impact bonds are best suited to contexts where the relationship between inputs and outcomes is unclear and the guarantee of value for money is necessary for policymakers to fund the program. Impact bonds may make sense in circumstances where there are gaps in knowledge about what works and a desire to learn more, but an unwillingness to take a risk to gain that information. Impact bonds may be best suited to areas of ECD and countries where there is a relative proliferation of non-state providers of ECD services. Outcome funders may be particularly concerned about value for money and there may be more gaps in knowledge about outcome achievement with non-state providers. Impact bonds are likely to be best suited to mezzanine financing, rather than initial pilot or nationwide programming. In impact bonds, investors must be willing to bear the risk of outcome achievement; therefore, impact bonds are unlikely to be the best tool for completely untested pilot interventions. Impact bonds can only be used in countries where legal conditions exist that allow the mechanism to operate, and they will likely be much easier to implement in countries that have demonstrated political commitment to the sector. Impact bonds may be preferable to other types of PbR mechanisms if full upfront capital is needed to finance service provision or service providers are unwilling to take on the risk of outcome achievement. \n", + "Key Findings": "Impact bonds have the potential to address some of the main financing and delivery constraints faced in ECD.\n\nThe high participation of non-state actors and potentially significant returns in ECD make it a promising sector for impact bonds.\n\nThere may, however, be some particular challenges associated with applying impact bonds in the ECD sector.\n\nImpact bonds (and other PbR financing mechanisms tied to outcomes) are best suited to contexts where the relationship between inputs and outcomes is unclear and the guarantee of value for money is necessary for policymakers to fund the program.\n\nImpact bonds may be best suited to areas of ECD and countries where there is a relative proliferation of non-state providers of ECD services.", + "Key Recommendations": "As this very nascent field continues to grow, more research will be needed to capture lessons learned, contextualize them within the larger landscape of ECD financing and service provision, and apply them to real-world social challenges with the world’s youngest and most disadvantaged populations at the forefront of the conversation.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/Impact-Bonds-for-ECDweb.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Business Services", + "Financial Services" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Palladium", + "UBS Optimus Foundation", + "Goldman Sachs’ Urban Investment Group", + "Northern Trust", + "Westpac Institutional Bank", + "Perpetual Corporate Trust Limited", + "Conexus Credit Union", + "Bridges Ventures", + "Big Society Capital", + "Social Finance" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness", + "Flexibility and Pace" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments", + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;", + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Brookings" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Youth", + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Education and Social Services", + "Health" + ], + "Type of Document": "White Paper/Think Tank Report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "For-profit Commercial Entity", + "Corporate Foundation", + "Financial Institution, Investors, and Intermediaries", + "Formal Sector", + "Large Enterprise" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Global", + "Asia", + "Africa", + "Europe and Eurasia" + ], + "Year": "2016" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Bahruz Babayev", + "Zehra Kacapor-Dzihic", + "James Statman" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Azerbaijan" + ], + "Document ID": "1601-Mende-AZE", + "Document Title": "Performance Evaluation of the Socio-Economic Development Activity (SEDA)", + "Document Summary": "This is a report on the Performance Evaluation of the Socio-Economic Activity (SEDA) project funded by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) Mission in Azerbaijan. The report determines the effectiveness and complementarity of SEDA’s three core program components during the four-year period from 30 September 2011 to 30 September 2015 and provides recommendations to improve project implementation and results for the remaining period. The report highlights that the SEDA has been conscientiously and effectively implemented within the constraints of the political context in which it has operated. Increased participation of citizens in community decision-making and development, and with the training opportunities and organizational support, the most remote and impoverished Azerbaijani communities are able to effectively conduct a participatory needs assessment and project-development process. Under component 3, SEDA has been effectively implemented, within the limitations of the current political environment with the enactment of the Law on Public Participation. Although conceptually, complementarity and synergies between the three SEDA program components would be expected within the complex and fraught political environment in which SEDA is actually being implemented, particularly for Component 2, is constrained. Within the immediate future, SEDA’s results and relationships are expected to be largely sustained. However, challenges remain in achieving full gender equity in SEDA program activities.\n\n", + "Key Findings": "• Site visits and KIIs revealed that SEDA provided community members with concrete skills in project design and implementation, increased hope in a positive future for their village, and a sense that as a community they can work with government to address key community needs.\n\n• SEDA’s design of three complementary, integrated components synergistically contributing to the achievement of overall program objectives is a conceptually sound model.\n• SEDA’s approach to strengthening the capacities of CDCs has created participatory structures and procedures that appear sustainable.\n\n• While SEDA has worked diligently to integrate gender awareness into all of its activities, it has not consistently achieved gender equality in terms of actual participation in these activities.", + "Key Recommendations": "1. SEDA should continue to engage and provide support to the GoAJ within the purview of its SOW and strengthen linkages and complementarity of these activities with its local socio-economic\ndevelopment initiatives.\n2. Cluster projects may offer an opportunity for mobilized communities to cooperatively engage in addressing larger socio-economic priorities. As such, they should be further explored by SEDA.\n3. SEDA/USAID should consider the potential benefits and trade-offs of increasing the size of SEDA’s infrastructure grants.\n4. Resources permitting, the current Component 1 model of CDC development could be productively expanded to additional regions of Azerbaijan.\n5. Should in the present economic context, USAID/Azerbaijan decide to focus on distinct economic development objectives, traditional program models of entrepreneurship training and support, SME and value-chain development must be considered in conjunction with the MoEI.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00M1SQ.pdf", + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments", + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Europe and Eurasia" + ], + "Year": "2016" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Kermit Moh", + "Angelica Fort" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Peru" + ], + "Document ID": "1601-Moh-PER", + "Document Title": "Rapid Evaluation of the Peru Cocoa Alliance", + "Document Summary": "The evaluation of the Peru Cocoa Alliance (PCA) Project assesses the role and extent of the contribution of the private sector to the Peru Cocoa Alliance, as per Global Development Alliance (GDA) core characteristics. Working closely with the Instituto de Cultivos Tropicales (ICT), a Peruvian private professional association that does extension work and research on crops in the Peruvian Amazon, they identified the appropriate varieties. While the PCA has undoubtedly played a major role in assisting small producers to grow cocoa, the structure that is currently in place is not conducive to sustainability. On a macro level, a major positive result of the PCA has been its positioning of Peru on the World map as a future source of geo-referenced, fine-flavored cocoa. In summary, the PCA is a USAID project that has had a positive impact on small producers it has assisted and put Peru on the World map with regard to geo-referenced fine-flavored cocoa. USAID needs to carefully analyze what needs to be done to ensure that project benefits continue even as USAID funds wind down in October 2016.", + "Key Findings": "The private sector has made important contributions to the PCA. However, private sector contributions to the project partially reflect the core characteristic of the GDA model. At the beginning of the project, the PCA was a classic GDA in terms of management and implementation. Both USAID and its private sector partners had established common goals and private sector partners were deeply involved in project implementation. One of the Armajaro managers had moved from Ecuador to Peru mainly to help oversee this new alliance.", + "Key Recommendations": "1. Extend the PCA project for an additional three years.\n\n2. Examine the possibility of working jointly with the private sector during this three-year extension.\n\n3. Identify a neutral party entity that will have access to all the geo-referenced, fine flavored cocoa data.\n\n4. Establish a fee for service mechanism for the project.\n\n5. Assess which of the market-based approaches and solutions applied by the PCA may be replicated or adapted to benefit the results of other USAID projects or Government of Peru projects.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00M1N4.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Business Services", + "Processing & Manufacturing", + "Financial Services", + "Food & Beverage", + "Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, and Hunting" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Carana", + "ROMEX", + "ECOM/Armajaro", + "Casa Luker", + "Inka Crops" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities", + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships", + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Advancing Learning and Market Research;", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Agriculture and Food Security" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "For-profit approach that generates sustainable income", + "American Business", + "Formal Sector", + "Large Enterprise", + "Multi-national Business", + "Financial Institution, Investors, and Intermediaries", + "Local Business" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Latin America and the Carribean" + ], + "Year": "2016" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Strengthening Health Outcomes through the Private Sector (SHOPS)" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Bangladesh", + "India", + "Jordan", + "Madagascar", + "Malawi", + "Nigeria", + "Paraguay", + "Zimbabwe", + "Côte d’Ivoire", + "Ethiopia", + "Kenya", + "Namibia", + "South Africa", + "Botswana", + "Tanzania", + "Ghana", + "Uganda" + ], + "Document ID": "1601-SHOPS-MLT", + "Document Title": "Strengthening Health Outcomes through the Private Sector Project: Final Report 2009–2016", + "Document Summary": "The Strengthening Health Outcomes through the Private Sector (SHOPS) project was USAID’s flagship initiative in private-sector health. From 2009 to 2016, the project worked in more than 30 countries to involve nongovernmental organizations and for-profit entities in addressing the many health needs of people in Africa, Asia, Latin America, and the Caribbean. SHOPS focused on increasing availability, improving quality, and increasing the use of priority health information, products, and services in family planning and reproductive health, maternal and child health, and HIV and AIDS through the private sector. This report provides an overview, results, and lessons learned from the SHOPS project’s six years of work in private-sector health.\n\n", + "Key Findings": "The report notes that the private health sector is larger than expected and that public-private interaction in the health sector is limited. In many countries, the policy environment is not conducive to a thriving private health sector and that is continually innovating.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.shopsplusproject.org/sites/default/files/resources/SHOPS_Project_Final_Report.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Business Services", + "Health Care", + "Pharmaceuticals", + "Processing & Manufacturing" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Banyan Global", + "Deloitte", + "O’Hanlon Health Consulting" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Ability to Influence Policy" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships", + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment", + "Advancing Learning and Market Research;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "U.S. President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR)", + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Health" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "For-profit approach that generates sustainable income", + "Multi-national Business", + "American Business", + "Formal Sector", + "Large Enterprise" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Europe and Eurasia", + "Latin America and the Carribean", + "Africa", + "Asia" + ], + "Year": "2016" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "SSG Advisors" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Malawi" + ], + "Document ID": "1601-SSG-MWI", + "Document Title": "USAID/Malawi Private Sector Engagement Assessment", + "Document Summary": "USAID/Malawi Private Sector Engagement Assessment Report seeks to identify potential areas of overlapping interests in which USAID/Malawi could partner with the private sector to realize mutually beneficial goals as well as key bottlenecks that hinder the private sector’s ability to drive economic development and growth. This report serves as a starting point for sharing ideas, opportunities, and models used across USAID to inform the Mission’s approach. The USAID/Washington team expects to continue to iterate on these ideas with the Mission to develop the most effective opportunities. The report highlights the key findings and provides recommendations covering agriculture, the environment, and cross-cutting themes. \n\n", + "Key Findings": "Agriculture: Low production, weak market linkages, power shortages, limited access to market information and inadequate aggregation and storage opportunities pose the largest challenges to increasing engagement and investment for Malawian smallholder farmers.\n\nEnvironment: A shortage of power, inadequate supply of key materials, deforestation, and poor community engagement were consistently listed as the largest impediments to increasing engagement and investment in the environment sector.\n", + "Key Recommendations": "• Poultry Supply Chain Partnership – Provide beneficiary smallholder soy farmers with diversified year-round income, improved nutritional outcomes and direct market linkages to buyers along the poultry value chain.\n• Trader/Aggregator Partnerships – Expand USAID/Malawi’s flagship FtF activity, Integrating Nutrition in Value Chains (INVC), by strengthening the competitiveness of the soy and groundnut value chains while exploring high-value legumes, such as pigeon peas, lentils and guar.\n• Deforestation – Deforestation affects the private sector’s ability to operate in Malawi and the Team found several avenues through which to engage companies in the creation of mutually beneficial interventions (e.g. afforestation of high-value tree crops and NTFPs).\n• Co-management, community engagement and carbon financing – USAID/Malawi is currently discussing GDA concepts related to conservation finance; the Team presents insights and recommendations based on conversations with key stakeholders in these areas.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00KZTX.pdf", + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships", + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments", + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;", + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Conflict" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Agriculture and Food Security", + "Environment/Climate Change" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2016" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "SHOPS Project" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Malawi", + "Nigeria", + "Madagascar" + ], + "Document ID": "1601-USAID-MLT", + "Document Title": "Strengthening Health Outcomes through the Private Sector Project", + "Document Summary": "The Strengthening Health Outcomes through the Private Sector (SHOPS) project was USAID’s flagship initiative in private sector health. From 2009 to 2016, the project worked in more than 30 countries to involve nongovernmental organizations and for-profit entities in addressing the many health needs of people in Africa, Asia, Latin America, and the Caribbean. SHOPS focused on increasing availability, improving quality, and increasing use of priority health information, products, and services in family planning and reproductive health, maternal and child health, and HIV and AIDS through the private sector. This report provides an overview, results, and lessons learned from the SHOPS project’s six years of work in private sector health.", + "Key Findings": "Enabling Environment:\n- Improving public sector understanding of the private health sector is an important first step to building effective public-private engagement.\n- The regulatory environments in many countries still create barriers for private sector entry.\n\nSustainability: \n- Public-private partnerships enhance prospects for sustainability.\n- In the face of declining donor funds, NGOs must reexamine their role in the marketplace and, in some cases, realign their business models.\n\nAccess to Priority Health Services:\n- Mobile outreach clinics offer an important opportunity to expand access to priority health services in underserved areas.\n- Local manufacturers can be motivated to serve low income and rural market segments when they see the sale potential.\n- Social enterprises offer market-based solutions for reaching underserved populations, but support is critical to ensuring success.\n\nSocial Behavior Change Communication:\n- Client preferences can influence provider behaviors.\n- Private providers are motivated to change their own behavior if they believe the change will result in increased client satisfaction.\n- Provider knowledge and confidence is instrumental to behavior change.\n- Mass media, combined with interpersonal communications, can improve awareness and acceptance of new products or services.\n\nHuman Resources for Health:\n- National policies and guidelines that formalize task sharing can lead to increases in service coverage and improved patient outcomes.\n- Recognition and engagement with over-the-counter medicine sellers as frontline providers in the community is essential.\n\nHealth Financing: \n- Reducing financial barriers through vouchers results in increased use of priority health services by low-income populations.\n- Affordable and comprehensive insurance products can improve access to care from private facilities, particularly for HIV and AIDS care and treatment.\n\nAccess to Finance:\n- Expanded access to finance for private providers can lead to improved quality, sustainability and health outcomes. \n- Microfinance institutions, supported by DCA credit guarantees, offer critical opportunities for smaller providers to access credit and expand their services.\n- The private health sector presents additional opportunities to mobilize domestic resources for health programs.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://shopsplusproject.org/sites/default/files/resources/SHOPS_Project_Final_Report.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Pharmaceuticals", + "Business Services", + "Processing & Manufacturing", + "Telecommunications", + "Technology", + "Retail", + "Financial Services", + "Health Care", + "Media" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Ability to Influence Policy", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge", + "Reputation and Credible Convening Power", + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;", + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment", + "Advancing Learning and Market Research;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Abt Associates" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Health" + ], + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "For-profit Commercial Entity", + "Corporate Foundation", + "Financial Institution, Investors, and Intermediaries", + "Business Association or Cooperative", + "Micro, Small, or Medium Enterprise", + "Large Enterprise", + "Informal Sector", + "Local Business", + "For-profit approach that generates sustainable income" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2016" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "AIDSFree" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Tanzania" + ], + "Document ID": "1602-AIDSF-TZA", + "Document Title": "VMMC Sustainability Summit Meeting Report ", + "Document Summary": "The voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) sustainability summit meeting report discusses and evaluates the ways to sustain programs on VMMC for HIV prevention—amidst decreasing (or in the absence of) donor support using an adapted PEPFAR Sustainability Index and Dashboard (SID) tool focused on VMMC indicators. The report describes the concept of VMMC program sustainability and how to measure it. It defines a common goal of shifting VMMC programming to be fully managed, implemented, and financed at the national and local levels; measures the status of current VMMC programming sustainability in the Iringa, Njombe, and Tabora Regions; prioritizes areas to strengthen capacity and increase sustainability to inform the development of a sustainability strategy for each region in line with country priorities; explores opportunities for collaboration across government, private sector, civil society, donor, and multilateral partners; and prepares stakeholders to implement and monitor the transition. In light of this, this report provides highlights of the presentations and discussions and summarizes the findings of the breakout groups from the first and second days.", + "Key Findings": "Group 1: Domain A (governance, leadership, and accountability):\n• Tanzania does not have a national VMMC policy.\n• It is unclear where the private sector and CSOs fit in.\n\nGroups 2, 3, 4: Domain B (national health system and service delivery)\nIringa\n• It would be helpful to be more specific on what technical assistance is being given now.\n\nGroup 5: Domains C and D (strategic investments, efficiency, and sustainable financing and strategic\ninformation)\n• Many answers were contained in the VMMC country operational plan.\n• The national contribution to VMMC is minimal; most support comes from PEPFAR.\n", + "Key Recommendations": " • Hold a forum where the options of VMMC implementation strategies to maintain VMMC coverage in the sustainability phase are discussed and a consensus is reached on the way forward.\n• Support the government to convene various stakeholders, and widely disseminate timely and reliable information on the implementation of VMMC (EIMC, early adolescent MC, and adolescent MC) and related HIV and AIDS policies and programs, including goals, progress, challenges to achieving targets, and fiscal information (public revenues, budgets, and expenditures) related to VMMC.\n• Support national MOHCDGEC stakeholders’ dissemination of the proposed VMMC maintenance strategy to key stakeholders including local levels.\n• Support NACP in reviewing, updating, and printing national VMMC training packages and standard operating practices to facilitate implementation of the VMMC national guidelines (VMMC, adolescent VMMC, and EIMC).\n• Support NACP to strengthen VMMC M&E process by implementing data quality assurance activities.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00N377.pdf", + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "U.S. President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR)", + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Health" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2017" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Eric Allemano", + "Alioune Dieng" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Senegal" + ], + "Document ID": "1602-Allem-SEN", + "Document Title": "Performance Evaluation of the Senegal Youthmap Jeunes Agriculteurs Project", + "Document Summary": "The evaluation report of the YouthMap Jeunes Agriculteurs (JA) Project, implemented by Synapse Center, on youth beneficiaries, to analyze the effectiveness of the project’s implementation and describe the strengths/challenges related to JA performance. The report is designed to generate pragmatic practices/lessons learned that should be considered for the scale-up of future programs of this nature. These could be utilized by a broad range of stakeholders, including USAID, the Government of Senegal, IYF, Synapse Center, and other youth-focused NGOs and donor organizations interested in effectively integrating youth into agriculture programs. The performance evaluation of the JA project used a mixed-methods approach to assess effectiveness, impact, sustainability, and scalability. The evaluation team studied qualitative data and quantitative data from IYF and Synapse Center, by examining its pre-and post-test data on beneficiary youth to develop a profile of project results in terms of employment creation.", + "Key Findings": "• The JA Program exhibited a solid overall employment creation or job placement rates for program participants who completed the program, with 74% of respondents reporting some form of employment at the time of the survey. At the start of the program only 28 youth reported some form of employment (20 were self-employed and eight were salaried workers.\n• Self-reported average annual earnings for those participants who both responded to the survey and reported income either pre- or post-program increased by about $626 (150%). This is likely a result of youth moving from unemployment to employment, rather than increases in income associated with movement from one type of employment to another.\n• According to survey results, participants increased their social and personal empowerment with a robust improvement in conflict management and professional ethics and modest gains in personal skills as a result of the program. Improvements were lowest for the applied technical skills related to the agricultural sector value chain.", + "Key Recommendations": "• The JA project can best be seen as a pilot experiment in enabling youth to create employment in the agricultural value chain. Its successor could prepare youth for employment creation with more training on financial management, and achieve a higher level of success by providing more guidance and follow-up on financing for the youth enterprises. \n• Any future JA project will need a dedicated project manager in the home office to manage relations with the implementing partners and at least two or three support staff to oversee the training and identify problems that need attention.\n• A future project of this nature should incorporate at its starting point an analysis of prospective labor market demand trends at the sub-sectoral level; in order to assess where employment growth opportunities are likely to be greatest by sub-industry and region; in order to better focus/orient training programs in a manner which will maximize prospective impact on employment and income growth.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00KZQG.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Technology" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Microsoft" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Youth", + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Agriculture and Food Security" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "American Business", + "Multi-national Business", + "For-profit approach that generates sustainable income", + "Formal Sector", + "Large Enterprise" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2016" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Jared Bissinger" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Burma" + ], + "Document ID": "1602-Bissi-MMR", + "Document Title": "The Private Sector and the Governance of Business in Myanmar", + "Document Summary": "This discussion paper provides the review findings of Myanmar’s economic status; benchmarks its performance relative to other countries; and identifies priority policy reforms, investments, and institutional innovations to re-establish the country on an inclusive growth path. It also gives recommendations for delivering growth and prosperity to everyone in Myanmar. Broadly, the paper provides important highlights on the structure of the Myanmar Government, economic governance and business enabling environment, and potential areas of future collaboration. Finally, the report provides a list of recommendations to be considered for future actions. ", + "Key Findings": "President Thein Sein’s administration embarked on a series of generally positive political and economic reforms. Among the most visible signals of the reform agenda has been the raft of legislation passed by Myanmar’s parliament. Interviews with micro and small businesses and those located outside the biggest cities suggest that economic governance has not changed as significantly for these businesses. While Myanmar has begun to take steps to rebuild the capacity of government institutions, this process will be lengthy. Economic data suggest, however, that the private sector is responsible for at least three-quarters of Myanmar’s economic activity.", + "Key Recommendations": "1. Develop, publicize, and consistently implement processes of economic reform drafting, assessment, and implementation. \n\n2. Avoid over-emphasizing and building up expectations about quick economic wins.\n\n3. Increase transparency by making public additional information on taxes, government-granted business licenses, and other dimensions of business regulation.\n\n4. Reform various aspects of the S/R- and local-level business licensing system. \n\n5. Examine and consider reforming excise revenues.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.nathaninc.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/Bissinger-Private-Sector.pdf", + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Economic Growth", + "Democracy, Human Rights, & Governance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Asia" + ], + "Year": "2016" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Frances Buckingham", + "Denise Delaney", + "Chris Guenther", + "Michael Reading" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "1602-Bucki-GLO", + "Document Title": "Orchestrating Change: Catalyzing the Next Generation of Multi-Stakeholder Collaboration for Sustainability", + "Document Summary": "Orchestrating Change assesses the evolving landscape of multi-stakeholder sustainability collaborations and hones in on key challenges and opportunities for realizing their promise. Exploring expert perspectives and the growing universe of multi-stakeholder initiatives, the report affirms that collaboration has become a central focus for global companies and other organizations pursuing transformative change. At the same time, given the scope of the challenges and the inherent difficulties of collaboration, there is no guarantee that existing efforts will deliver the desired impact. With this in mind, the report offers a vision of what the next generation of collaboration for sustainability could look like and how would-be collaborators can help bring it about. \n\nThe report says, “To Change Everything, We Need Everyone,” which means a lot for the government, donor communities, business communities, NGOs/INGOs, and CSOs from the perspective of sustainable development. The report highlights that more recently, as sustainability has gone mainstream, more people have come to understand and grapple with the fundamental complexity and interconnectedness of its related challenges. This has underscored the need for transformative change and collaboration has been seen as that much more essential. As a result, sustainability-focused collaborations are rapidly expanding in number, ambition, and type, and many organizations feel an increasing imperative to engage with and contribute to an ever-expanding array of them. And with the recent arrival of the UN’s ambitious new Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the Paris agreement on climate change, demand for and expectations of such collaboration are rising still more. \n\nBut collaboration has many inherent challenges, so as we ask more from it, how can we make sure it delivers at the speed and scale necessary? And as new models and opportunities for collaboration increase, how should organizations—especially global companies, which face growing pressure to drive the transformation of economic, social, and environmental systems prioritize and manage them, in order the ensure optimal return on collaborative investment? In response to these questions, this report explores the evolving context and practice of collaboration for sustainability. It identifies key factors—like the gradually shifting balance between individualist and cooperative values, changes in expectations and roles for key institutions, increasing orientation to system dynamics, and others—that explain why collaboration is becoming more and more central.\n", + "Key Findings": "Orchestrating Change assesses the evolving landscape of multi- stakeholder sustainability collaborations and hones in on key challenges and opportunities for realizing their promise. Exploring expert perspectives and the growing universe of multi- stakeholder initiatives, the report affirms that collaboration has become a central focus for global companies and other organizations pursuing transformative change. At the same time, given the scope of the challenges and the inherent difficulties of collaboration, there is no guarantee that existing efforts will deliver the desired impact. With this in mind, the report offers a vision of what the next generation of collaboration for sustainability could look like, and how would-be collaborators can help bring it about.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://prohumana.cl/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/orchestrating_change.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Technology", + "Telecommunications", + "Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, and Hunting" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Syngenta", + "Cisco" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge", + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "SustainAbility" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Conflict" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Environment/Climate Change" + ], + "Type of Document": "Industry Publication", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "American Business", + "Multi-national Business", + "For-profit approach that generates sustainable income", + "Formal Sector", + "Large Enterprise" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2016" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Chemonics International" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Moldova" + ], + "Document ID": "1602-Chemo-MDA", + "Document Title": "Local Government Support Project in Moldova", + "Document Summary": "This report provides an overview, results, and lessons learned from the Local Government Support Project (LGSP) in Moldova. Recognizing the importance of the CSO and Local Government relationship in Moldova as the sphere in which it is possible to truly transform citizens’ relationships with the government because it is the level of government closest to citizens’ daily needs, USAID launched LGSP in February 2012. ", + "Key Findings": "All 32 LGSP partner towns successfully developed or updated their socioeconomic development strategies. LGSP developed and implemented a Municipal Property/Asset Management System to help partner towns manage their local revenues and improve local services. LGSP developed 30 Local Energy Efficiency Plans (LEEPs) and Local Energy Efficiency Action Plans (LEEAPs) and trained 94 local public authority staff on energy efficiency, improving municipal awareness of and capacity in issues surrounding energy efficiency.\n", + "Key Recommendations": "• More assistance is needed for operationalizing the integrated implementation of the national strategies, local development strategies, and urban plans. For example, towns must align their strategies with their financial resources and conduct continuous M&E on strategy implementation. \n• The CISC concept has proved its efficiency and several more towns have expressed their interest in implementing similar solutions at the town hall based on the success of the three pilot towns. There is a need for further decentralization to offer the town halls the ability to provide a larger range of services which currently are offered by different institutions, and the scope of the CISCs could be expanded as more services become the responsibility of LPAs. \n• Legislation on transparency in local public administration needs to be improved to improve enforcement of the requirement that publicize all information regarding council sessions and adopted decisions. \n• Improve the national policy and legal framework on public property management development, such as by establishing a new way to evaluate property value to strengthen property tax as a pillar of locally generated revenue.\n", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://chemonics.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Moldova_LGSP_FinalReport.pdf", + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Democracy, Human Rights, & Governance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Europe and Eurasia" + ], + "Year": "2016" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "GIIN" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "South Africa", + "Zambia", + "Mozambique", + "Zimbabwe", + "Madagascar", + "Malawi", + "Namibia", + "Angola", + "Mauritius", + "Botswana", + "Lesotho", + "Eswatini" + ], + "Document ID": "1602-GIIN-MLT", + "Document Title": "The Landscape for Impact Investing in Southern Africa", + "Document Summary": "This series of reports, commissioned by the GIIN, seeks to address the lack of data available on impact investing in specific emerging economies. This is the fourth study of a region’s impact investing market and landscape to be published by the GIIN; others have focused on South Asia, East Africa, and West Africa. For the purposes of this report, Southern Africa includes 12 countries: Angola, Botswana, Lesotho, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, Swaziland, Zambia, and Zimbabwe. For each country, the report examines the impact of investing capital disbursed to date. The report also analyzes key trends in the impact investing industry, as well as the challenges and opportunities available for both social enterprises and impact investors in each country. Further, the report offers an analysis of political and economic factors that may inform and influence investment decisions on a country-by-country basis, however, these circumstances may have changed since initial data collection in mid-2015.", + "Key Findings": "Within the region, South Africa is the largest market for impact investing, with a particularly active set of domestic South African DFIs that fund South African enterprises. The majority of impact capital in the region has come from international DFIs and a range of non-DFI impact investors. Even excluding this strong domestic activity, South Africa is the center of Southern African impact investing.", + "Key Recommendations": "1. Leverage technical assistance (TA) facilities to build the pre-investment pipeline: More pre-investment support for businesses is needed to develop a strong pipeline of investable opportunities. Increasingly, TA funders (e.g., USAID and DFID) recognize the importance of pre-investment support to get companies to the point where they can successfully raise capital.\n\n2. Develop sector specialization: Beyond bringing capital to portfolio companies, impact investors can drive growth, returns, and impact by focusing on the specific sectors in which their portfolio companies operate.\n\n3. Expand investment instruments: With the variety of early-stage businesses in Southern Africa, structured investments, such as milestone-based conversion and profit-sharing debt, can help to creatively fill a significant need for financing that straight equity and debt deals cannot.\n", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://thegiin.org/assets/documents/pub/Southern%20Africa/GIIN_SouthernAfrica.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Financial Services" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships", + "Risk-Mitigation and Flexible Authorities" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "GIIN" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Youth", + "Conflict" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "Landscape Analysis", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Financial Institution, Investors, and Intermediaries", + "Corporate Foundation" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2016" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "George M. Ingram", + "Anne E. Johnson", + "Helen Moser" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "1602-Ingra-GLO", + "Document Title": "USAID's Public-Private Partnerships: A Data Picture and Review of Business Engagement", + "Document Summary": "The U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) has been in the vanguard of donors in recognizing the important role of the private sector in development, most notably via the agency’s launch in 2001 of a program targeted at public-private partnerships (PPPs) and the estimated 1,600 USAID PPPs initiated since then. This paper provides a quantitative and qualitative presentation of USAID’s public-private partnerships and business sector participation in those PPPs. The analysis offered here is based on USAID’s PPP data set covering 2001 to 2014 and interviews with executives of 17 U.S. corporations that have engaged in PPPs with USAID. The genesis of this paper is the considerable discussion by USAID and the international development community about USAID’s PPPs, but the dearth of information on what these partnerships entail. The report provides important highlights on a conceptual level acknowledging the fact that public-private partnerships are a win-win, even a win-win-win, as they often involve three types of organizations: a public agency, a for-profit business, and a nonprofit entity. This paper presents data on the kinds of PPPs that have been implemented and in what countries, sectors, and income contexts. The goal of this paper is to utilize USAID’s recently released data set to draw conclusions on the nature of PPPs, and the level of business sector engagement, and describe corporate perspectives on partnership with USAID.", + "Key Findings": "Number of PPPs \nFor the period 2001 to 2014, USAID estimates it has engaged in some 1,600 PPPs, of which 1,481 appear in its data set. the average number of PPPs initiated per year is 105, but there has been a falloff in recent years, with an average of 145 PPPs per year during 2005- 2007 but only 90 per year for 2012-2014. \nValue \nThe investment in those 1,481 PPPs, shown by year in figure ii-2, totals $16.5 billion, for a yearly aver- age of $1.18 billion.4 about three-quarters of these, 73 percent, are less than $5 million each (figure ii-3). of the total, $4.710 billion, or 29 percent, is from the U.S. government (uSg)5 and $11.533 billion, or 70 percent, is from non-US government (non-USg) sources (figures ii-4 and ii-6). \nPartners\nUSAID distinguishes between implementing partners, which are contracted to carry out a project, and resource partners, which contribute resources and share in the risk and governance of the PPP. resource partners in USAID’s data set include private businesses, financial institutions, NGOS, higher education institutions, pri- vate philanthropies, local and national government agencies, bilateral and multilateral institutions, and other organization types (see examples in table ii-2).\n", + "Key Recommendations": "Understanding the business sector: corporations would like USAID staff to better understand the role of the business sector in advancing development and as a partner to USAID. Deepening strategic relationships: corporations want a more strategic relationship in which USAID treats them as real partners on more equal footing. Fostering transparency: it is common for those outside a large bureaucracy like USAID to view it as a “black box” and to have difficulty knowing where and how to engage it. Expanding convening: Corporate officials see USAID’s biggest strength as convening and creating alliances at the international, national, and subnational levels, with both public and private institutions.`", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/WP94PPPReport2016Web.pdf", + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Reputation and Credible Convening Power", + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge", + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;", + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Brookings" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "White Paper/Think Tank Report", + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2016" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Greg Sullivan", + "Julius Kajume" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Djibouti", + "Ethiopia", + "Kenya", + "South Sudan", + "Tanzania", + "Uganda", + "Somalia", + "Sudan" + ], + "Document ID": "1602-Sulli-MLT", + "Document Title": "Standard Methods and Procedures for Animal Health (SMP-AH) Project: External Evaluation Report", + "Document Summary": "Funded by USAID/KEA, this evaluation report assesses the Standard Methods and Procedures for Animal Health (SMP-AH) Project in the Greater Horn of Africa (GHOA). The purpose of the evaluation is to determine the progress made by the project toward achieving the expected outcomes in order to learn and use the lessons learned for future regional programming. The project covers the countries of the GHOA: Djibouti, Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia, South Sudan, Sudan, and Uganda. Tanzania is also included due to its strategic position with Kenya and Uganda and its importance in disease control and surveillance. The evaluation addresses six key areas of the project: relevance, efficiency, effectiveness, outcomes/impacts, sustainability, and lessons learned. The methodology while doing the evaluation included the collection of both quantitative and qualitative data to address the evaluation questions in the six key areas of the project using multiple methods involving desk review of documents, development of survey tools for collecting information, and interviews with various stakeholders.", + "Key Findings": "Relevance: The initial project design, based on the development hypothesis, was appropriate at the beginning of the project, and the assumptions still remain relevant within the current contextual\nsituation.\n\nEffectiveness: SMP-AH protocols strengthen the capacity of the national veterinary services for cross-border surveillance and disease control.\n\nEfficiency: The project has been successful in using local institutions and experts to provide trainings.\n\nOutputs/Impacts: SMP-AH Project has produced a number of valuable outputs ranging from SMPs for the nine trade limiting diseases to improvement in diagnostic laboratories.\n\nSustainability: The project does not have a viable sustainability plan beyond the project's lifetime.", + "Key Recommendations": "• Roll out SMPs and engage cross-border stakeholders and beneficiaries - strengthen the institutional linkages between MSs to plan and carry out surveillance and control activities in cross-border areas.\n• Increase partnerships with key stakeholders and beneficiaries - leverage SMP-AH Project resources to foster an inclusive approach engaging a greater number of partners.\n• Improve intra-regional and international livestock trade - sign and implement the MOU between IGAD and GCC and conduct more trade missions.\n• Support to regional networks to enhance collaboration among CVOs - AU-IBAR and IGAD need to continue supporting and strengthening the existing networks (e.g. quarantine, epidemiology, and vaccine production) with a view to ensuring continued sharing of information and collaboration among MSs.\n• Improve SMP-AH Project's operations for efficiency and effectiveness - streamline the procurement and reporting process for AU-IBAR to allow for timely disbursement and reporting of funds to Africa Union Commission and USAID/KEA.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00M3F5.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Health Care", + "Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, and Hunting" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships", + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Feed the Future" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Conflict", + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Agriculture and Food Security" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2016" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Rebecca Williams" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Honduras" + ], + "Document ID": "1602-Willi-HND", + "Document Title": "Integrating Gender and Nutrition within Agricultural Extension Services: Honduras Landscape Analysis", + "Document Summary": "This landscape study provides an overview of Honduras’s agriculture and the status of the country’s extension system. It also contains information on the prevalence of poverty, nutrition, and gender-related issues in the country with a special focus on rural areas. The report summarizes Honduras’s current agricultural and nutrition policy and details the strategic goals and objectives of USAID and other donors in the country. The report provides a summary of the ongoing projects by the United States Government (USG) and other donors in the country related to agriculture extension, gender, and nutrition impacts. The report highlights how it is important to integrate the nutrition-gender nexus to improve food security in the region. The report sees the multiple opportunities available for INGENAES to collaborate with institutions in Honduras that align with the four action areas of institutional capacity building; capacity building for women farmers; dissemination of innovations; and engaging men and women in gender, nutrition, and agriculture. ", + "Key Findings": "This landscape study provides an overview of Honduras’s agriculture and the status of the country’s extension system. It also contains information on the prevalence of poverty, nutrition, and gender-related issues in the country with special focus on rural areas. The report summarizes Honduras’s current agricultural and nutrition policy and details the strategic goals and objectives of USAID and other donors in the country. The report provides a summary of the on-going projects by the United States Government (USG) and other donors in the country related to agriculture extension, and gender and nutrition impacts.", + "Key Recommendations": "Institutional Capacity Building: Both the governmental agency DICTA and the NGO Oxfam expressed a need for information sharing among key agencies in understanding the needs and perceptions of indigenous communities, including effective ways of meeting community needs.\n\nCapacity Building for Women Farmers: Many governmental organizations have expressed a need for capacity building of women farmers on various topics related to gender, nutrition, and agriculture. MANCORSARIC has a need for regionally appropriate and simple materials on maternal and infant health as well as sexual education for young women at high risk of pregnancy.\n\nDissemination of Innovations for Women Farmers: The meeting with the for-profit institution Camosa Camiones prompted the team to look for manufacturers of small-scale equipment that is more appropriate for smallholders. An engineer for the Trilateral Cooperative demonstrated some smaller equipment he had designed with recycled materials for a lower cost.\n\nEngaging Men and Women: The Women’s Office in Cabanas expressed a need for research on gender-based violence (GBV), and if formal reporting mechanisms are appropriate to address the GBV problem. Based on these findings, there could be an opportunity to write up this model as a case study or facilitate an exchange between the gender specialist and other people in her same position in other municipalities to share lessons learned and best practices for reporting violent crimes.\n", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.g-fras.org/en/component/phocadownload/category/93-reviews-and-assessments.html?download=811:honduras-landscape-analysis", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, and Hunting", + "Health Care", + "Educational Services" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Cultural Practice, LLC.", + "University of California-Davis", + "University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign", + "University of Florida" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge", + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Advancing Learning and Market Research;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Feed the Future", + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth", + "Conflict" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Agriculture and Food Security", + "Health" + ], + "Type of Document": "Landscape Analysis", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Large Enterprise", + "Micro, Small, or Medium Enterprise", + "Formal Sector", + "American Business", + "For-profit approach that generates sustainable income" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Latin America and the Carribean" + ], + "Year": "2016" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "David Black", + "Ben O’Bright" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global", + "Canada", + "India", + "China", + "Malawi", + "Malaysia", + "Mexico", + "Ghana", + "Guyana", + "Zambia", + "Brazil", + "Russia", + "South Africa", + "Kenya", + "Bangladesh" + ], + "Document ID": "1603-Black-GLO-pr", + "Document Title": "International development and the private sector: The ambiguities of ‘‘partnership’’", + "Document Summary": "This report reviews the historical conditions behind this trend; the controversies concerning transnational corporations and foreign direct investment; the rise of corporate social responsibility; the parallel rise of philanthropy capitalism; and the growth of microcredit as a market-oriented vehicle for poverty alleviation and empowerment. When taken together, it is clear that private sector actors have become increasingly influential in the new landscape of development, but their effects remain ambiguous. The report provides important highlights on the themes and modalities discussed of integral private sector actors that have expanded international development thinking, strategies, and practices from poor rural communities to transnational PPPs. ", + "Key Findings": "Historically, the relationship between the private sector and international development has been deeply ambivalent. For many, a vibrant private sector and competitive markets are the essential prerequisites of development. For many others, development is principally concerned with ameliorating the dislocation associated with capitalist profit seeking. In the last generation, this ambivalence has given way to an emphasis on the complementarities between the private sector and development. Yet skeptics have continued to criticize the form of development this trend has promoted. We review the historical conditions behind this trend; the controversies concerning transnational corporations and foreign direct investment; the rise of corporate social responsibility; the parallel rise of philanthrocapitalism; and the growth of micro-credit as a market-oriented vehicle for poverty alleviation and empowerment. When taken together, it is clear that private sector actors have become increasingly influential in the new landscape of development, yet their effects remain ambiguous.", + "Internet URL of Document": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020702015619566", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Financial Services", + "Mining & Extractives" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "PriceWaterhouseCoopers", + "British Petroleum", + "Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation", + "Credit Suisse", + "Deutsche Bank", + "The MasterCard Foundation", + "The Michael and Susan Dell Foundation", + "The Consultative Group to Assist the Poor", + "Citi Foundation" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Ability to Influence Policy" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "International Journal" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "Peer-reviewed article or other research report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Financial Institution, Investors, and Intermediaries", + "For-profit Commercial Entity", + "Large Enterprise", + "Multi-national Business", + "Corporate Foundation" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Global", + "Latin America and the Carribean", + "Asia", + "Africa", + "Europe and Eurasia" + ], + "Year": "2016" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "E.K. Botlhale" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Nigeria", + "South Africa", + "Botswana", + "United Kingdom", + "Australia", + "United States", + "Ireland", + "Canada", + "Finland", + "Germany", + "Greece", + "Italy", + "Netherlands", + "Spain", + "Portugal", + "Morocco", + "Egypt", + "Sierra Leone", + "Mozambique", + "Uganda", + "Gabon", + "Tanzania", + "Sweden" + ], + "Document ID": "1603-Botlh-BWA-pr", + "Document Title": "Financing Development Through Public Private Partnerships (PPPs) in Botswana", + "Document Summary": "Largely due to chronic fiscal stress since the recent global economic crisis, there are calls for alternative ways of financing economic development. Public Private Partnerships (PPPs) have been identified as such alternatives. There is an increasing awareness that the private sector is not a competitor but a strategic partner in the drive for economic development. Therefore, governments are leveraging the benefits of PPPs. Using the case study of Botswana, which is experiencing revenue challenges as diamonds have not been selling well since 2008, this theoretical paper explores the possibility of using more PPPs to finance economic development. Grounded in interpretive research methodology, using the survey research strategy and using secondary data sources in the form of a desk survey, it concluded that there is a case for the increased use of PPPs to finance economic development. It further concluded that while there is demonstrated an appetite for PPPs, to date, only a few projects have been procured through PPPs. Hence, moving forward, and given the deteriorating revenue situation, there is a need to use more PPPs to deliver economic development. Finally, the paper argues that there is a need to reform the current PPP legal-institutional architecture benchmark to peer-learn the best PPP practices in Africa.", + "Key Findings": "Largely due to chronic fiscal stress since the recent global economic crisis, there are calls for alternative ways of financing economic development. Public Private Partnerships (PPPs) have been identified as such alternatives. There is an increasing awareness that the private sector is not a competitor but a strategic partner in the drive for economic development. Using the case study of Botswana, which is experiencing revenue challenges as diamonds have not been selling well since 2008, this theoretical paper explores the possibility of using more PPPs to finance economic development. Grounded in interpretivist research methodology, using the survey research strategy and using secondary data sources in the form of a desk survey, it concluded that there is a case for the increased use PPPs to finance economic development. It further concluded that while there is demonstrated appetite for PPPs, to date, only a few projects have been procured through PPPs. ", + "Key Recommendations": "Hence, moving forward, and given the deteriorating revenue situation, there is a need to use more PPPs to deliver economic development. Finally, the paper argues that there is a need to reform the current PPP legal-institutional architecture and benchmark and peer-learn from best PPP practices in Africa such as South Africa and Nigeria and beyond.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://doi.org/10.4102/apsdpr.v4i1.105", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Engineering & Construction", + "Mining & Extractives" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Bifm", + "Eris Botswana", + "Tredinnick", + "Merck & Co., Inc.", + "De Beers", + "Time Projects" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Efficiency and Effectiveness", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Risk-Mitigation and Flexible Authorities", + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;", + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Africa's Public Service Delivery and Performance Review" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Economic Growth", + "Environment/Climate Change", + "Health" + ], + "Type of Document": "Peer-reviewed article or other research report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Large Enterprise", + "Corporate Foundation", + "For-profit Commercial Entity", + "Multi-national Business", + "Formal Sector", + "Local Business" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Europe and Eurasia", + "Africa", + "Middle East" + ], + "Year": "2016" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Betsy H. Brown", + "Patricia David", + "Jennifer K. Katekaine", + "Christian L. Brewer" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "1603-Brown-MLT", + "Document Title": "Leadership, Management and Governance Project: End of Project Evaluation", + "Document Summary": "This end-of-project technical performance evaluation of the Leadership, Management, and Governance (LMG) Project was commissioned by USAID’s Bureau for Global Health (GH) and Office of Population and Reproductive Health (PRH) to provide feedback to USAID in two main areas: effectiveness and sustainability of leadership, management, and governance interventions and future programming of the Bureau for Global Health/USAID (GH) and the Democracy, Conflict and Humanitarian Assistance (DCHA) bureaus. The evaluation was primarily qualitative and designed to include several methods of data collection; a self-administered online questionnaire for USAID mission staff in 14 countries where LMG was implemented; a review of select project data and reports from LMG and its beneficiary organizations; site visits to Uganda and Ethiopia, where face-to-face interviews and direct observations of project activities took place; and face-to-face and virtual in-depth interviews with five categories of target key informants.\n\n", + "Key Findings": "• LMG directly strengthened the Global Fund Programming of malaria and HIV and TB grants through technical assistance to country coordinating mechanisms in Africa, Latin America and the Caribbean.\n\n• In family planning, through its consortium partnership with LMG, the International Planned Parenthood Federation has strengthened its Africa Regional Office (IPPFARO) and its network of 42 affiliates. IPPF credits its participation in LMG with leading to an increased number of new family planning acceptors, from 481,000 to 725,000.\n\n• LMG supported and advised government-wide scale-up of leadership, management and governance curricula and programs in universities and ministries of health (MOH) in Ethiopia, Afghanistan, and Côte d’Ivoire.", + "Key Recommendations": "• USAID needs to plan a detailed country-by-country hand-over of leadership, management and governance work to governments or legacy institutions. This will require GH field support teams to work with missions and regional bureaus to identify assistance mechanisms, if needed beyond 2016.\n• During Year 5, LMG should accelerate work to strengthen institutions, including WAHO, AHLMN, and African Centre for Global Health and Social Transformation (ACHEST). MSH should accelerate strengthening IPPFAR and AMREF Health Africa as its consortium partners.\n• USAID should consider extending for up to a year programs that will not complete by September 2016 due to external factors (elections, terrorism, Ebola), as well as the ICRC DCHA LMG work.\n", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/pa00m8nn.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Engineering & Construction", + "Health Care", + "Fast Moving Consumer Goods" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Johnson & Johnson" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge", + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth", + "Conflict" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Democracy, Human Rights, & Governance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "American Business", + "Multi-national Business", + "For-profit approach that generates sustainable income", + "Formal Sector", + "Large Enterprise" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2016" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Digital Green" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Afghanistan" + ], + "Document ID": "1603-Digit-AFG", + "Document Title": "Digital Integration to Amplify Agricultural Extension in Afghanistan (DIAAEA): Final Program Report", + "Document Summary": "This document is a project completion report of the Digital Integration to Amplify Agricultural Extension in Afghanistan (DIAAEA) project covering the period from November 30, 2014, to February 29, 2016. The project was implemented in partnership with Afghanistan’s Ministry of Agriculture, Irrigation and Livestock (MAIL), the World Bank-assisted National Horticulture and Livestock Project (NHLP) that is housed under MAIL, and the USAID-supported Commercial Horticulture and Agriculture Marketing Program (CHAMP). The report highlights that the project exceeded all of its key targets related to videos produced and the extension in the dissemination, total adoptions, training, and women’s involvement helped to build a strong interest and commitment among MAIL and NHLP to integrate Digital Green’s video-enabled approach in future public extension activities. The project trained 200 individuals working in Afghanistan’s public-private extension system as video producers, video disseminators, video editors, and data entry operators to support the delivery of Digital Green’s ICT-enabled approach. Digital Green also conducted scoping studies to explore the effectiveness of using mobile phones, including an interactive voice response system (IVRS), to support data collection, monitoring, and quality assurance. \n\nAs shown in the report, the project’s cumulative outputs, coupled with the deepening level of interest and commitment on the part of MAIL and NHLP to integrate Digital Green’s video-enabled approach into their public extension services signals the viability and value of the approach in Afghanistan. NHLP is particularly keen to leverage Digital Green’s approach to extend its horticulture extension program. They have expressed a need for technical assistance and monitoring support to plan and execute video inclusion. Digital Green and NHLP are both concerned that a gap between the pilot project’s completion and the launch of new activities may result in the loss of momentum among trained partners, extension agents, lead farmers, and communities engaged under the pilot. In light of low levels of literacy and high levels of insecurity in Afghanistan, Digital Green and the Director General of Agriculture believe that technological solutions, such as IVRS, warrant further investigation, testing, and application in Afghanistan.", + "Key Findings": "• Based on progress against targets, Digital Green believes that its video-enabled approach is an appropriate and useful tool to enhance public-private extension services in Afghanistan.\n• Manual phone interviews were found to be an effective tool for conducting adoption verifications, wherein, using a sample size of 43 randomly selected farmers out of 244 eligible farmers, physical observations confirmed farmers’ self-reported responses and the adoption data that extension agents and lead farmers reported in COCO 97.6% of the time. \n• IVRS, while promising for its ability to reduce possible bias and subjectivity, will require more testing and likely greater sensitization among farmers to prompt their engagement with the system. \n• The percentage of women who engaged in video production and dissemination activities was higher than anticipated. Digital Green believes that engaging female extension workers and motivating them to engage more women were keys to this achievement. This emphasis on female extension workers has proven to be useful to programs like the AAEP-WIA.\n", + "Key Recommendations": "NHLP is particularly keen to leverage Digital Green’s approach to extend their horticulture extension program. They have expressed a need for technical assistance and monitoring support to plan and execute video’s inclusion. Digital Green and NHLP are both concerned that a gap between the pilot project’s completion and the launch of new activities may result in the loss of momentum among trained partners, extension agents, lead farmers, communities engaged under the pilot. In light of low levels of literacy and high levels of insecurity in Afghanistan, Digital Green and the Director General of Agriculture believe that technological solutions, such as IVRS, warrant further investigation, testing, and application in Afghanistan.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00M8JH.pdf", + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Agriculture and Food Security" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Afghanistan and Pakistan" + ], + "Year": "2016" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Daniel Dorsainvil", + "Eric Benschoter" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Haiti" + ], + "Document ID": "1603-Dorsa-HTI", + "Document Title": "Final Performance Evaluation of the Leveraging Effective Application of Direct Investments (LEAD) Project", + "Document Summary": "This evaluation report provides USAID and the Pan American Development Foundation (PADF) information on the overall impact of the Leveraging Effective Application of Direct Investments (LEAD) project and is designed to inform decision-making to improve program effectiveness and sustainability. The primary stakeholders for this evaluation include; USAID/Haiti, PADF, the Haitian SMEs, the Diaspora community, and the Government of Haiti (GOH). The evaluation team employed mixed methods to triangulate qualitative and quantitative data. Data collection tools included a desk review of project documents, key informant interviews, group interviews, focus group discussions, short questionnaires, and site visits. Finally, a literature review was conducted to document best practices for business plan competition (BPC) models and Diaspora engagement. ", + "Key Findings": "• The evaluation team determined that the LEAD project was successful in stimulating investment, primarily measured by funds matched by LEAD grantees.\n\n• Although LEAD activities for capturing Diaspora remittances conform to best practices documented in the literature reviewed by the evaluators, by the end of 2015 LEAD had limited success in testing and effectively implementing new methods for capturing Diaspora remittances for development.\n\n• Diaspora SME and local grantees confirmed that access to financing is a major roadblock for them, and they credit LEAD for removing that constraint through the matching funds.\n\n• LEAD succeeded in stimulating SMEs to improve their business practices, despite a few inconsistencies cited by BPC applicants regarding clear guidance on trainings and processes.\n", + "Key Recommendations": "1. We recommend that USAID insure continuity and sustainability of the LEAD project even beyond 2017, the year the project is scheduled to end.\n\n2. We recommend a small grant management unit with six to ten grantees assigned to each manager and oversight from a senior\nlevel position.\n\n3. PADF should develop clear communications protocols for each part of the process to increase transparency across the board.\n\n4. Implement steps to recruit more SEs and CBOs by using innovative communication channels.\n\n5. Implement steps to extend capacity building (business plans, project writing seminars) to CBOs as a means of securing better quality applications to the community project component.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00MFXK.pdf", + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Risk-Mitigation and Flexible Authorities" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Latin America and the Carribean" + ], + "Year": "2016" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Feed the Future" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "1603-Feed-MLT", + "Document Title": "Synthesis of Evaluations Related to the Feed the Future Learning Agenda", + "Document Summary": "Since Feed the Future started implementing programs in 2010 around the world, the U.S. Agency for International Development, the Peace Corps, and the Millennium Challenge Corporation have commissioned numerous performance evaluations and impact evaluations. The Feed the Future knowledge-DrivenAgricultural Development project recently compiled an inventory of nearly 200 of these evaluations. To draw out what the initiative has learned so far, the Feed the Future Knowledge-Driven Agricultural Development project synthesized the findings of these evaluations. To guide this exercise, reviewers used the Feed the Future Learning Agenda’s six themes and corresponding questions in the areas of agricultural productivity; improved research and development; expanded markets, value chains, and increased investment; improved nutrition and dietary quality; improved gender integration and women’s empowerment; and improved resilience of vulnerable populations. This report highlights the initial trends and patterns that emerged after analyzing 196 program evaluations using this framework.\n\nThis synthesis report identifies and chronicles evidence from 11 impact evaluations and 185 performance evaluations conducted between 2010 and 2015 across 64 countries. The study used a qualitative analysis coding methodology to overcome the fact that most evaluations were not designed specifically to answer Learning Agenda questions. While this report highlights concentrations and gaps in evidence across areas of the Learning Agenda framework, it does not provide a comprehensive review of the quality of evaluations being analyzed and synthesized. Rather, it takes an initial stock of the sources that can be further explored to generate more detailed findings under each Learning Agenda question. This synthesis report should not be read as a final analysis, an attempt to comprehensively answer the Learning Agenda questions, or guidance to promote specific development approaches. Rather, it is a review of information and findings in the pool of 196 evaluations as they relate to the Feed the Future Learning Agenda questions. It reveals trends and provides the reader with an opportunity to identify evaluations that addressed these questions. Readers can use the citation information throughout the document and access the full evaluation reports if they would like more information related to any particular finding. Additionally, the synthesis can be used as a tool to target further research and analysis on Learning Agenda questions.", + "Key Findings": "Several themes emerged during the systematic review of the evaluations. First, social capital, in various forms, was essential to overcoming many constraints. Under the “Improving Resilience of Vulnerable Populations” theme, for example, building social capital was among the most common intervention objectives linked with risk-reduction strategies. Programs that focused on recovery from shocks relied heavily on community participation and trust. Likewise, under “Expanded Markets, Value Chains and Increased Investment,” community-based organizations (CBOs) were key to lifting vulnerable groups out of poverty.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00M38P.pdf", + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;", + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Feed the Future" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth", + "Conflict" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Agriculture and Food Security" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2016" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Ian Hawkesworth", + "Ihssane Loudiyi" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Russia" + ], + "Document ID": "1603-Hawke-RUS-pr", + "Document Title": "Overview of public governance of public-private partnerships in the Russian Federation", + "Document Summary": "Good infrastructure is crucial to a country’s development and continued success. Russia’s developmental goals require new and upgraded infrastructure throughout its territory. Private investment in capital projects will be vital for Russia to meet these goals. To facilitate private investment, the Russian government has embarked on a series of reforms aimed at improving the investment climate and creating a robust institutional framework for private sector participation in concessions and Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs). The OECD’s 2012 Council Recommendation on Principles for Public Governance of Public-Private Partnerships (the PPP Recommendation) aims to support governments facing trade-offs between three demands inherent in a PPP project process. This article provides an overview of the alignment of the policies of the Russian Federation in the area of public governance of PPPs with these recommendations.", + "Key Findings": "Good infrastructure is crucial to a country’s development and continued success. Russia’s developmental goals require new and upgraded infrastructure throughout its territory. Private investment in capital projects will be vital for Russia to meet these goals. To facilitate private investment, the Russian government has embarked on a series of reforms aimed at improving the investment climate and creating a robust institutional framework for private sector participation in concessions and Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs). The OECD’s 2012 Council Recommendation on Principles for Public Governance of Public-Private Partnerships (the PPP Recommendation) aims to support governments facing trade-offs between three demands inherent in a PPP project process. This article provides an overview of the alignment of the policies of the Russian Federation in the area of public governance of PPPs with these recommendations.", + "Internet URL of Document": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/budget-15-5jm3rx2q6mzs", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Financial Services", + "Engineering & Construction", + "Transportation and Warehousing" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "VTB Capital", + "Gazprombank", + "Horizon Air Investments", + "Vinci Concessions", + "Ondeo" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Efficiency and Effectiveness", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities", + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments", + "Risk-Mitigation and Flexible Authorities" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;", + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "OECD Journal on Budgeting" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "Peer-reviewed article or other research report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Financial Institution, Investors, and Intermediaries", + "Formal Sector", + "For-profit Commercial Entity" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Europe and Eurasia" + ], + "Year": "2016" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Senen Machmud", + "Iwan Sidharta" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Indonesia", + "United Kingdom", + "Australia", + "China" + ], + "Document ID": "1603-Machm-IDN-pr", + "Document Title": "Role of public private partnership in West Java, Indonesia", + "Document Summary": "Role of public-private partnership in West Java, Indonesia analyzes and develops policy recommendations for implementation sources of development funding that come from the PPP in West Java in an effort to improve the optimization of the utilization of these funds. The method used was qualitative research with emphasis on four main aspects, namely: institutional analysis and the stakeholders involved, regulation and policy analysis, implementation and analysis of the shape and pattern analysis of sources of funding. The report draws the conclusion according to an analysis based on four aspects that influence the implementation of the PPP: institutional, regulatory, and policy implementation, as well as the sources and patterns of financing. The report highlights that party stakeholders are involved in the implementation of PPP among regional governments, NGOs, banking, non-banking, community, and others. Policies and regulations related to the implementation of PPP have been set up in several sectors and cross-sector regulations. Some obstacles met in the implementation of PPP are related to: the reparation of project concepts which determine the successful implementation, identification of clear patterns of cooperation and government support that need much time, the stage of the provision of land continue to face constraints, and the management of risk is considered more burdensome by private parties. ", + "Key Findings": "The purpose of this paper is to analyze and develop policy recommendations implementation sources of development funding that come from the PPP in West Java in an effort to improve the optimization of the utilization of these funds. The method used was qualitative research with emphasis on four main aspects, namely: institutional analysis and the stakeholders involved, regulation and policy analysis, implementation and analysis of the shape and pattern analysis of sources of funding. This research shows that in terms of funding, the banking institutions are still major stakeholders in the financing of PPP implementation in West Java, Indonesia that has experienced improvement in the regulation of the sector by the government. However, there are still obstacles in the implementation of PPP and limited\nalternative sources of financing of PPP in in West Java Indonesia. To optimize the sources of development in funding primarily coming from the PPP scheme in achieving development goals in West Java Indonesia can be done by collaborated of stakeholder.\n", + "Key Recommendations": "• For Institutional Aspects, to strengthen institutional PPP, the role of local governments must be expanded in the implementation of the PPP the concept and establishment must been hanced in an effort to facilitate and monitor PPP projects.\n• For Aspects of Policy and Regulation, there is the need to clarify the authority of the central government in the implementation of PPP, to develop policies to strengthen the PPP activity planning, as well as the preparation of the national medium term development plan that states clearly the role of government and the private sector in development funding.\n• For Implementation Aspects, the preparation of PPP can be strengthened through improvement of PPP executive capacity and widen the development of PPP implementation; it also needs to strengthen the role of government in the implementation of PPP by clearly defining the government to guarantee the planning of an activity that is in harmony with the PPP timeframe development planning.\n• Aspects of Funding Sources and Patterns mean government policies are needed to bridge the short term or medium and long term funding needed to optimize the mobilization of the source of banking funds. The government should issue a policy that can provide convenience in using resources from the non-banking sector. To optimize the sources of development in funding primarily coming from the PPP scheme in achieving development goals in West Java Indonesia\ncan be done by collaborated of stakeholder.\n", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://ideas.repec.org/a/rau/journl/v11y2016i1p67-87.html", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Engineering & Construction", + "Financial Services", + "Energy", + "Transportation and Warehousing" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;", + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Romanian Economic and Business Review" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "Peer-reviewed article or other research report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Financial Institution, Investors, and Intermediaries", + "For-profit Commercial Entity", + "Formal Sector" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Asia", + "Europe and Eurasia" + ], + "Year": "2016" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Making Cents International (MCI)" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Nigeria" + ], + "Document ID": "1603-Makin-NGA", + "Document Title": "Workforce Development & Youth Employment in Nigeria", + "Document Summary": "The report that follows offers relevant details on larger contextual issues that frame workforce development and youth employment, such as economic growth and employment trends, the policy and enabling environment, educational stocks and flows, and available workforce development services in Nigeria. Primary and secondary data sources were used, which were gathered using both desk and field research strategies.", + "Key Findings": "Although evidence on the impact of workforce development programs is limited, we have identified the following lessons: 1) comprehensive programming that deals with both supply and demand tends to be most effective; 2) programs designed for urban populations cannot be easily replicated in rural areas, and scant information exists about what works well for rural youth; 3) labor market information systems are important and effective, but are more so when the educational system is used as a platform, rather than using one-stop shops; 4) training is more effective when combined with asset provision; 5) most TVET programs have not been shown to have much impact on short-term job placement or income generation; and 6) there is little evidence that employment mitigates conflict reduction, but research supports conflict-sensitive approaches.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.youthpower.org/sites/default/files/Workforce%20Development%20and%20Youth%20Employment%20in%20Nigeria%20Desk%20Review%20Final%20Draft-Public%20Version%20(4).pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Technology", + "Telecommunications", + "Food & Beverage", + "Engineering & Construction", + "Financial Services" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Samsung", + "Coscharis Motors", + "Jim Ovia Foundation", + "Google", + "IBM", + "Visaphone", + "Microsoft", + "QT", + "TLC Solutions", + "Julius Berger", + "Dangote", + "Delifods", + "Doreo", + "GE Project Emerald", + "Guinness", + "Heineken", + "NASCCO", + "Nestle", + "Setraco", + "Institute for Industrial Technology" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Reputation and Credible Convening Power", + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Youth", + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Conflict" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "Landscape Analysis", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Multi-national Business", + "Large Enterprise", + "Formal Sector", + "For-profit approach that generates sustainable income", + "Corporate Foundation", + "Financial Institution, Investors, and Intermediaries", + "American Business" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2016" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Peter W. Roberts", + "Saurabh Lall", + "Ross Baird", + "Emily Eastman", + "Abigayle Davidson", + "Amanda Jacobson" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "1603-Rober-GLO", + "Document Title": "What’s Working in Startup Acceleration: Insights from Fifteen Village Capital Programs", + "Document Summary": "This report leverages two years of collaboration between the Global Accelerator Learning Initiative (GALI) and Village Capital. Between 2013 and 2015, this partnership collected data from hundreds of entrepreneurs who applied to fifteen different Village Capital programs. This study deploys a blended research methodology to assess seven specific predictions about the drivers of accelerator program performance that were developed by a team of program experts. Some of the findings in this report are equivocal. For instance, while it is still believed that subtle differences in cohort dynamics will influence program performance, the report is unable to provide reliable insights about their specific effects on program performance. In this respect, this report should be considered the first in a stream of research that uses quantitative and qualitative evidence to test specific ideas about the drivers of accelerator program effectiveness. Some of its findings are interesting, although not completely surprising. For example, it seems sensible that programs that attract entrepreneurs with superior educational, entrepreneurial, and professional credentials will deliver better program-level performance. The remaining findings are the ones that lead to changes in how program managers think about designing and executing accelerators. \n\nIt is also clear that this report merely scratches the surface when it comes to generating specific and defensible insights that move the needle on the understanding of acceleration practices. Finally, the report provides a foundation to explore many more research questions and variables than those covered in this report- there are many other accelerator program models that are quite different from the Village Capital model and there are many contexts that will influence the kinds of observations presented in this report. In this respect, the GALI team encourages others who are prepared to see this report as the first among many that will use its expanding dataset to examine specific cause-effect relationships that lie behind effective accelerator program decision-making.", + "Key Findings": "Accelerators have better results with ventures that have some initial revenues, but need to “speed up” investment. We need program partners who will roll up their sleeves. For the applicant pool, focus on quality not quantity. ‘Less is more’ when it comes to program content. Programs need to focus more on building entrepreneurial networks, and less on delivering content.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.galidata.org/assets/report/pdf/GALI_digital_041816.pdf", + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Aspen Network of Development Entrepreneurs (ANDE)", + "Emory Goizueta School of Business" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "Industry Publication", + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2016" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Joel Smith", + "Alicia Hayman" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "1603-Smith-GLO", + "Document Title": "Engaging the Private Sector for National Adaptation Plan (NAP) Implementation: The Role of the Public Sector", + "Document Summary": "This PowerPoint presentation on Engaging the Private Sector for National Adaptation Plan (NAP) Implementation: The Role of the Public Sector gives an overview of the scale of climate change finance, public and private sector roles in adaptation, public sector roles to facilitate private sector engagement in National Adaptation Plans (NAPs), and public sector roles to encourage private sector engagement in adaptation finance. The presentation presents the fact that total Climate Change Finance for the year 2014 was $391 billion of which 93% of total climate finance was for mitigation and the remaining 7% or $28 billion was for adaptation, which is an increasing trend for the coming years. To address the increased mitigation and adaption need, the presentation suggests public sector create a proper environment to enable private sector financing through the policy provisions. On the other hand, the private sector, as a profit-making entity, will require adequate returns on investment within an acceptable time, which could be an incentive for protecting investments against climate risks. The presentation provides potential pathways for investing in adaptation such as – increased resilience of private sector assets and supply chain, building public assets with increased resiliency (PPPs), Insurance, and Investing in securities targeting adaptation investments. Some of the challenges in Private Sector Involvement in Adaptation include relatively little funding from public and private sectors going to adaptation, adaptation financing needs may be underestimated, and public sector funding may not be adequate, which highlights the increased role of the private sector in financing the adaptation. The document presents gaps in an institutional and technical capacity to budget, plan, program, and manage climate finance effectively; limited awareness of the various sources of climate finance, and their applicability; limited understanding of fundraising, financing prerequisites and requirements, and blending of financing sources; lack of systematic tracking of public and private climate finance flows; weak capacity to analyze climate change spending; and scarcity of tested models for climate finance delivery. The document sees increasing private finance in NAPS as key to engaging both private sector implementers and financiers in the NAP process – from beginning to end. The report concludes with the recommendation of scaling up private sector financing in adaptation, systematic involvement of the private sector in priority setting, and implementation, e.g., in NAPs – include financing strategy or plans when setting priorities, address private financing in NAPs (and other plans and strategies), and set up cooperative mechanisms. ", + "Key Findings": "• Level of private sector financing in adaptation must be significantly scaled up\n• A strategic approach to adaptation is critical", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00M56Q.pdf", + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Environment/Climate Change" + ], + "Type of Document": "Landscape Analysis", + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2016" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Elizabeth Freudenberger", + "Lala Kasimova" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "1604-Freud-GLO", + "Document Title": "Gender Integration in E3 Sector Evaluations, 2013-2014", + "Document Summary": "This report is a review of gender integration in 117 evaluations of projects related to USAID’s Bureau for Economic Growth, Education and Environment (E3) technical sectors published between January 2013 and September 2014. This study expands on the gender findings detailed in the E3 Sectoral Synthesis of 2013 – 2014, by focusing on the integration of gender into various aspects of project design and implementation and gender-sensitive outputs and outcomes as reported in the evaluations. This study provides the E3 sectors and the broader development community with concrete examples of gender integration and sector-specific gender results that are relevant to their work. It examines evidence that evaluation reports provide on the integration of gender in project design, implementation, management, and results. It also analyzes challenges and opportunities for improvement in gender integration. While based entirely on evaluation report documentation, this study provides useful examples of successful and unsuccessful gender integration in project design and implementation. Its conclusions are limited to findings discussed in the evaluations and do not cover the full extent of gender integration in E3 sector projects.", + "Key Findings": "• Evaluations are doing a better job compared to prior years of addressing gender differentials and providing sex-disaggregated data for evaluation findings, where appropriate. \n• The number of E3 evaluations addressing gender differentials in project access, participation, or benefits rose from a low of 15 percent in 2011 to 67 percent in 2014. \n• The number of E3 evaluations providing sex-disaggregated data on evaluation findings at all levels increased from 7 percent in 2010 to 53 percent in 2014. \n• Evaluation reports highlighted the importance of the availability of sex-disaggregated project data in contextualizing and understanding project results. \n• Evaluation reports noted the need to consider the implications of gender norms during project design. Evaluations from across all sectors recognized the workload of women in the household as an impediment to gaining access to education, resources, knowledge, and community participation.\n", + "Key Recommendations": "In order to improve gender integration, the study recommends that:\nUSAID Program Offices ensure that Mission Orders and other operating unit procedures are consistent with USAID’s guidance on integrating gender into all program cycle activities, including evaluation, and specifically with How-to Note: Engendering Evaluation at USAID. USAID Evaluation Points of Contact and others involved drafting evaluation Statements of Work (SOWs) explicitly include in the SOW:\n• Detailed expectations for data disaggregation by sex for each evaluation question, as well as information to be obtained on specific gender concerns;\n• A requirement that evaluators go beyond simply referencing sex-disaggregated data to document whether activities are actually reducing gender gaps, consistent with USAID guidance on engendering evaluations; and\n• Clear expectations for the evaluation team to include members with experience in gender programming, performance monitoring, evaluation and/or research, when there are gender concerns.\n", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://usaidlearninglab.org/sites/default/files/resource/files/gender_integration_in_e3_evaluations_4-26-16.pdf", + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships", + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth", + "Conflict" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Economic Growth", + "Education and Social Services", + "Environment/Climate Change" + ], + "Type of Document": "Systematic review or Meta-analysis", + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2016" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Chris Gerrard", + "Gem Argwings-Kodhek", + "Ali Marouani", + "Godfrey Mudimu" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Regional" + ], + "Document ID": "1604-Gerra-MLT-A", + "Document Title": "Independent Evaluation of CAADP Multi-Donor Trust Fund (MDTF): Volume 3: CAADP Focal Point and Partner Survey Results", + "Document Summary": "Following the Inception Report that was issued in October 2015, the evaluation has administered two surveys — to country-level CAADP Focal Points and to CAADP Partners working primarily at the continental and regional levels. This volume reports the results of both surveys. Overall, there were no significant differences in the distribution of survey responses between CAADP Focal Points and Partners in 41 of the 48 sub questions that were the same in the two surveys. Methodologically, both surveys were tested and launched after the evaluation team had conducted a number of interviews in order to allow for relevant and informed questions. The surveys aimed to determine the generality of the experiences that CAADP stakeholders had so conveyed to members of the evaluation team. The results of the surveys have been triangulated with the other evaluative evidence collected and have contributed to the overall findings and conclusions of the evaluation. It is also hoped that these detailed results will serve as reference material to inform future decision-making. \n", + "Key Findings": "Overall, there were no significant differences in the distribution of survey responses between CAADP Focal Points and Partners in 41 of the 48 subquestions that were the same in the two surveys. In general, the Partners felt that more had been achieved in the various areas than the Focal Points, but not significantly so. This and the relatively high response rates for surveys of this kind give credibility to the findings.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PBAAE483.pdf", + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "World Bank" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Agriculture and Food Security" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2016" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Chris Gerrard", + "Gem Argwings-Kodhek", + "Ali Marouani", + "Godfrey Mudimu" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Ethiopia", + "South Africa", + "Zambia", + "Senegal", + "Gabon", + "Nigeria", + "Botswana" + ], + "Document ID": "1604-Gerra-MLT-B", + "Document Title": "Independent Evaluation of CAADP Multi-Donor Trust Fund (MDTF) Volume 1: Main Report", + "Document Summary": "This report assesses the achievements of the multi-donor trust fund (MDTF) and related Child Trust Fund (CTF) projects, including (a) their contributions to improving the enabling environment for African agricultural programs and policies; (b) their organizational effectiveness; and (c) the performance of the World Bank in the multiple roles that it has played in the MDTF. Finally, the report draws lessons from the experiences of the MDTF and related CTF projects that might be incorporated into the objectives and design of a follow-on “Malabo” facility in which Development Partners continued to pool financial resources in support of the Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Program (CAADP) implementation. The evaluation has covered a series of evaluation issues and questions, structured around the two dimensions of development effectiveness and organizational effectiveness. \n", + "Key Findings": "CAADP is a continental framework, primarily for continental and regional initiatives, to help individual African countries reach and sustain a higher path of economic growth through agriculture-led development.\n\nThe MDTF, in turn, has represented collective action by six contributing donors, their African partners, and the World Bank, also primarily at the continental and regional levels, to achieve objectives that each organization could not achieve, or not achieve as efficiently, on its own.\n\nThe design of MDTF was, at some level, a step into the dark for the donors, African partners, and the World Bank, there being no prior blueprint for the partners to follow to support continental and regional CAADP processes.\n\nThe MDTF and related CTFs have contributed to some significant achievements in supporting country and regional CAADP processes; in improving the enabling environment for African agricultural programs and policies; and in strengthening individual, organizational, and system-level capacity.\n\nOverall, the design of the MDTF worked in terms of fostering country and regional CAADP processes, and, along with the flexible approach to its implementation, produced a second chance — the Malabo Declaration.\n", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00M33Z.pdf", + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Ability to Influence Policy", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "World Bank" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Agriculture and Food Security" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2016" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "National Economic and Social Advisory Council (NESAC)" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Burma" + ], + "Document ID": "1604-NESAC-MMR", + "Document Title": "From Rice Bowl to Food Basket: Three Pillars for Modernizing Myanmar’s Agricultural and Food Sector", + "Document Summary": "This White Paper – moving from a rice bowl to a food basket for Myanmar and increasingly to the rest of Asia (and the world), offers a concrete and systematic strategy for how Myanmar can modernize its agricultural and food sector. The strategy embraces market-oriented, private sector-led investment, innovation, and dynamism that is centered on small farmers throughout the country. This report highlights the offer that Myanmar’s Government can provide to modernize Myanmar’s agri-food sector in a number of ways by i) Supporting a view of change that is facilitated by the government, but driven by the private sector; ii) Emphasizing the central role of smallholder farms and small and medium enterprises; iii) Upholding the principles of transparency, participation, sustainability, and ethics in all policy development; iv) Incorporating environmental and social sustainability considerations; v) Introducing ideas for building a new structure, capacities, and responsibilities within the newly integrated Ministry of Agriculture; and vi) Systematic monitoring of the impacts and effectiveness of policy implementation. The paper’s recommendations are built upon a three-pillar approach that respects environmental and social conditions and aims to modernize: (i) input delivery; (ii) agricultural production; and (iii) output markets and supply chains. This approach has underpinned the successful transformation and modernization of the agricultural sector in response to changing patterns of consumer demand in many other countries in Asia. Similar changes in consumer preferences for a diversified food basket are already underway in urban and rural areas of Myanmar, providing similar opportunities to raise millions of people in Myanmar out of poverty. ", + "Key Findings": "In place of a government-driven focus on crop production targets, the paper offers a concrete and systematic strategy for how Myanmar can modernize its agricultural and food sector. The strategy embraces market-oriented, private sector-led investment, innovation, and dynamism that is centered on small farmers throughout the country. It requires forward-looking and efficient government policies and institutional support with greater interaction among key stakeholders characterized by full transparency and accountability.", + "Key Recommendations": "1. Provide farmers with the freedom to choose which agricultural products to grow that will provide the best opportunity for them to increase their incomes relative to their land and labor assets, a policy to be embedded in appropriate ministerial statements, laws, and regulations.\n\n2. Provide farmers with greater land tenure security over agricultural lands.\n\n3. Invest in supply chain infrastructure – transport and logistics, wholesale markets, electricity, and Internet, as well as research, extension, skill-building, and security – along all spatial segments of the agricultural and food sector.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.nathaninc.com/insight/rice-bowl-food-basket-three-pillars-modernizing-myanmars-agricultural-food-sector/", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Financial Services", + "Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, and Hunting" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships", + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "National Economic and Social Advisory Council (NESAC)" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Agriculture and Food Security" + ], + "Type of Document": "White Paper/Think Tank Report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Financial Institution, Investors, and Intermediaries", + "Local Business", + "For-profit approach that generates sustainable income", + "Formal Sector" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Asia" + ], + "Year": "2016" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Jan Willem Overbeek", + "Budi Sutjahjo", + "Abigael Wohing Ati", + "Ikatri Meynar Sihombing" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Indonesia" + ], + "Document ID": "1604-Overb-IDN", + "Document Title": "Indonesia Urban Water Sanitation and Hygiene Project Final Evaluation Report", + "Document Summary": "The final evaluation report of the Indonesia Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (IUWASH) Project provides USAID and the Government of Indonesia (GOI) with an unbiased and transparent review of the results and the potential impact that IUWASH has made over the life of the project. Following the Scope of Work, the evaluation focuses on answering five evaluation questions that are of specific interest in IUWASH implementation: i) How have the IUWASH communication and knowledge management products been accessed and used by the various stakeholders?, ii) How have IUWASH gender pilot activities affected IUWASH results and WASH benefits to men and women from the household to national government levels?, iii) How have stakeholders benefitted from the Behavior Change Communication (BCC) in WASH approach developed and implemented by IUWASH?, iv) How has this technical assistance improved the quality of the systems provided by national and local government programs at the household level and how effective was the technical assistance in leveraging additional resources for WASH?, and v) What IUWASH approaches have been most successful in increasing WASH priorities to include budget allocation by IUWASH assisted local governments, especially in setting up and or improving the performance of WASH institutions? The methods used by this study include document review, key informant interviews, focus group discussions, site visits in four out of five project regions, data analysis, and validation. ", + "Key Findings": "There is substantial momentum for water supply and sanitation development in Indonesia, with the national government setting new sector targets to achieve Universal Access in drinking water and sanitation by the end of 2019, making available significant budgets and taking measures to strengthen the financial position of district water enterprises. In achieving these targets, the national government is working closely with district governments and water enterprises, which are the key institutions, responsible for WASH at the local level. IUWASH has established excellent relations with the local governments (LG) and PDAMs it has been working with. Over a period of 5 years, it has provided a wide range of advisory and supporting services and at the LG level, it has helped to create considerable momentum, as demonstrated by the doubling of LG water and sanitation budgets during the same period. IUWASH advisers have often taken the role of a catalyst, bringing stakeholders together in resolving common problems and stimulating and supporting action. In doing so, IUWASH has adopted a hands-on and flexible approach, which is very much appreciated by both LG institutions and communities.", + "Key Recommendations": "The quality and use of IUWASH CKM products can be further improved by Applying standard peer reviews by GOI and relevant sector experts from other projects and development partners. \nGender Mainstreaming: Decide at an early stage (in design or start-up) the extent to which gender should be mainstreamed under IUWASH Plus and ensure that this is backed up by the resources (staffing and budgets) necessary to succeed in such programming. The following recommendations are intended either for IUWASH or, given that it will very soon come to a close, consideration by the follow-on project or other WASH activity that may carry on its activities. \nSuch recommendations include: a. Support the national and local governments to review and strengthen the application of STBM in urban and peri-urban areas, , including correction of any deficiencies in the theoretical underpinnings, differentiation for various target groups, and identifying indicators for behavioral change. Social marketing and participatory investment planning may provide a useful platform for such a revised strategy and the strategy should more expressly address both water supply and sanitation related programming.\n", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00MG4Q.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Media" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "SCTV" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Efficiency and Effectiveness", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;", + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Health" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Local Business", + "Formal Sector", + "For-profit approach that generates sustainable income" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Asia" + ], + "Year": "2016" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Mary E. Taylor", + "Nicole Davis", + "Renata Schumacher" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "1604-Taylo-GLO", + "Document Title": "Mapping Global Leadership in Child Health", + "Document Summary": "This study report helps to better understand both the evolution of child health as a global health issue since the year 2000 as well as its network of stakeholders and leaders. Building on this understanding, the report explores how leadership might be strengthened and child health repositioned by the community to attain better outcomes in the current time period. This report is an outcome of several literature reviews on global child health policy, child health programs, funding, and global health partnerships. The study administered in-depth interviews of child health experts and stakeholders from donors, development partners, and nongovernmental organizations. Data were analyzed by evaluation questions and aligned with a framework on the effectiveness of global health networks first proposed by Shiffman. The report provides important highlights on the importance of effective strategizing for the advancement of child health over the next several years. ", + "Key Findings": "The level of uncertainty for development support is high in the near term, due to the major shift in global goals and strategies, the refugee crisis in Europe, other humanitarian crises including fragile states, and impending changes in leadership of institutions key for child health. The implications of the shift to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) for health and/or children are still emerging, but priorities, political commitment, and likely funding will be more broadly distributed and possibly with less clarity of purpose. If any of these resources are “zero-sum,” child health (other than immunization) is likely to be working with less. The World Bank has heightened its presence in reproductive, maternal, newborn, child, and adolescent health (RMNCAH) with the Global Financing Facility (GFF). There is political reliance on the GFF to finance and rationalize financing of child health, especially those components not financed through GAVI or the Global Fund. However, there is a high level of uncertainty about its potential effectiveness. The high-level core architecture for child health (and RMNCAH more broadly) is emerging. It will be very important to track the place and priority of child health within this architecture.", + "Key Recommendations": "With the shift to the SDGs, child health should be deliberately reframed so that it emphasizes the value of children, a more holistic approach including “newborns and infants and children” as one, and a clear aim for equity.\n\nThe principal global partners in child health need to come to agreement on and then designate and support a lead organization to consistently provide overall messaging for child health.\n\nKey stakeholders need to create and implement a shared strategic approach for:\na) Raising the visibility of child health as a whole rather than in subcomponents\nb) Ensuring a strong child health voice in Strategy 2.0, SDG3 monitoring, and the GFF\nc) Bridging child health components of existing strategies across institutions in such a way that country action is more likely\n", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.mcsprogram.org/resource/mapping-global-leadership-child-health/", + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Reputation and Credible Convening Power" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID", + "Maternal and Child Health Integrated Program (MCHIP)" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Youth", + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Health" + ], + "Type of Document": "Systematic review or Meta-analysis", + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2016" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Nahla Abdel-Tawab", + "Doaa Oraby", + "Ben Bellows" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Egypt" + ], + "Document ID": "1605-Abdel-EGY", + "Document Title": "Situational Analysis of the Private Sector in the Delivery of Family Planning Services in Egypt: Current Status and Potential for Increased Involvement", + "Document Summary": "This study report determines the size, scope, and scale of private sector FP providers (private physicians, nongovernmental organization clinics, and private pharmacies); examines the policy and regulatory environment for private provision of FP products and services; assesses business, financing, and training needs of the private health sector; and examines the potential for expanding its role in FP service provision. The study involves: (1) a review of published and gray literature (2000-2015) on the role of the private sector in providing family planning services in Egypt and aspects of the policy environment that may influence the private sector; (2) secondary analysis of Egypt Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) data and market segmentation analysis to identify socio-demographic and economic characteristics of women who the private sector could target; (3) in-depth interviews with key informants from public and private sectors and development agencies; (4) in-depth interviews with private sector providers; and (5) focus group discussions with married women of reproductive age, who had ever used FP methods from the public or private sector.\n", + "Key Findings": "There has been a steady decline in private sector contribution to FP service delivery since 1995, when 64.3% of FP users obtained their methods from the private sector.\n\nKey challenges that hinder the private sector’s contribution to FP service delivery are: (1) lengthy and complicated registration procedures, along with a rigid pricing system, which limit the range of family planning methods available on the market; (2) FP method stock-outs often due to lengthy importation procedures; (3) low demand for contraceptives.\n\nDespite the above challenges, this study identifies several opportunities for an increased role for the private sector in family planning service delivery.\n\nOwing to their on-going relationships and established rapport with their customers, private physicians and pharmacists are well positioned to address reasons for unmet need for family planning, such as infrequent sex, fear of method side-effects, and husband’s disapproval.\n\nAt the policy level, amendments made by the Egyptian government to existing investment laws could make the Egyptian market more attractive to pharmaceutical companies.\n", + "Key Recommendations": "1. Adopt a total market approach whereby MOHP facilities target those who live in remote rural and low income urban areas; NGOs target lower middle-class women; private doctors target middle- and upper-class women; and pharmacists target all groups of women and possibly husbands.\n2. Create demand for private FP services through social marketing campaigns that specifically target young couples, those in the upper two wealth quintiles, and those who live in urban areas. \n3. Capitalize on all opportunities to counsel women and their husbands about FP including during antenatal care, postnatal care, and children’s health care visits.\n4. Educate physicians and pharmacists about new family planning methods through brochures, newsletters, conferences, and medical representatives.\n5. The private sector should make services more attractive to clients through enforcing service delivery standards, upgrading their FP knowledge and skills and offering extended hours and\nadditional services.", + "Internet URL of Document": "http://evidenceproject.popcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/Egypt-PSA-Report.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Health Care", + "Pharmaceuticals" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Flexibility and Pace" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge", + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID", + "The Population Council" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Health" + ], + "Type of Document": "Peer-reviewed article or other research report", + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Middle East" + ], + "Year": "2016" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Sarah Auten", + "Amit Dabla", + "Mark Bassie" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Liberia" + ], + "Document ID": "1605-Auten-LBR", + "Document Title": "Advancing Youth Project Performance Evaluation Final Report", + "Document Summary": "This performance evaluation report examines the efficacy and sustainability of the Advancing Youth Project (AYP) and documents lessons learned in order to inform the design of future education projects of a similar nature. The report analyzes the aspects of project sustainability, youth targets, outcomes, and cross-cutting issues on which the evaluation focused on. The methodology included semi-structured and Key Informant Interviews (KIIs) and Focus Group Discussions (FGDs). Data collected during KIIs and FGDs were captured and processed systematically using a coding system for each topic area. The data were analyzed using an inductive approach; this process informed the development of key findings, conclusions, and recommendations that comprise the bulk of this report.\n\n", + "Key Findings": "The evaluation team had insufficient quantitative evidence to determine the impact of this work on the Ministry’s capacity to plan, budget, deliver, and measure ABE for youth.\n\nThe most effective strategies for recruiting out of school youth to attend ABE classes included community publicity campaigns; and pro-active ABE committees, facilitators, administrators and learners\ninteracting with youth encouraging them to enroll.\n\nThe AYP model of providing livelihood trainings is effective and is the most in-demand area of their service provision.\n\nThe literacy and numeracy curriculum provided by AYP seem to be effective learning tools to address learners’ needs, pending final OLA/EGMA results.", + "Key Recommendations": "Through the end of the current project lifecycle, AYP should continue to engage the CEOs and DEOs in the community-based transition plan meetings. AYP should also work to share and integrate monitoring tools to strengthen the capacity of interested individuals among the county and district staff; there are some extremely bright and motivated individuals in these positions who would welcome an opportunity to expand their capacity in this area. In the remaining time of AYP, the project needs to implement its community transition plan and aid the ABE committees in helping to think through how they will keep their structure, continue to exist and carry out their responsibilities. This way, the committees can sustain the retention of learners. For the remaining period of AYP’s implementation, the activity should continue to support the activities of PTIs and youth clubs to provide skills training for learners. This should include the extension of short-term skills training from PTIs to additional members of the community as needed and desired by the communities.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00M9N5.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Processing & Manufacturing" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "ArcelorMittal" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Youth", + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Conflict" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Education and Social Services" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Large Enterprise", + "Multi-national Business", + "Corporate Foundation", + "For-profit approach that generates sustainable income" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2016" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Srinath Perera", + "Solomon Olusola Babatunde" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Nigeria", + "Brazil", + "Chile", + "China", + "India", + "Israel", + "Korea (South)", + "Malaysia", + "South Africa", + "Thailand", + "Ghana", + "United Kingdom", + "United States", + "Bulgaria", + "Japan", + "Bangladesh", + "Argentina" + ], + "Document ID": "1605-Babat-NGA-pr", + "Document Title": "Barriers to bond financing for public-private partnership infrastructure projects in emerging markets: A case of Nigeria", + "Document Summary": "This report identifies and critically assesses the barriers to bond financing for public-private partnership (PPP) infrastructure projects in Nigeria using empirical quantitative analysis. Innovative ways to finance long-term infrastructure projects are documented. However, there is a dearth of empirical studies on the barriers to bond financing for PPP infrastructure projects. The study applies a comprehensive literature review to identify the barriers to bond financing for infrastructure projects, which was employed to design a questionnaire. A questionnaire survey was carried out, which targeted financial experts in Nigerian financial institutions/local banks. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, including mean score, chi-square test, and factor analysis (principal component analysis). This study is not without limitations. For instance, whilst a questionnaire survey allows a large sample to be captured, other methods, such as interviews, might have been conducted to complement the questionnaire survey to reveal the country-specific essential elements of bond financing, which may enrich the findings. Despite this limitation, the findings are exciting and significant, providing more insights and empirical evidence on barriers to bond financing for PPP infrastructure projects in emerging markets. Therefore, further studies should be conducted in other emerging countries to derive characteristics applicable for each country of barriers associated with the bond financing of PPP projects. In addition, studies could be carried out to develop a framework for leveraging bond financing for PPP infrastructure projects in different emerging markets.", + "Key Findings": "The analysis of the ranking in terms of the mean score values for the 12 identified barriers indicated that all the identified barriers are considered by respondents as critical barriers to bond financing for PPP infrastructure projects in Nigeria. The study, through factor analysis, grouped the 12 identified barriers into 5 principal factors. These include governance and institutional capacity issues, higher issuance cost and risk, difficulties in getting approval for changes, the small size of bond markets and stringent disclosure requirements.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://doi.org/10.1108/JFMPC-02-2016-0006", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Financial Services" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Journal of Financial Management of Property and Construction" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "Peer-reviewed article or other research report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Financial Institution, Investors, and Intermediaries", + "Local Business", + "For-profit Commercial Entity" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa", + "Asia", + "Europe and Eurasia", + "Middle East", + "Latin America and the Carribean" + ], + "Year": "2016" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Andrew Cunningham" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Yemen" + ], + "Document ID": "1605-CUNNI-YEM", + "Document Title": "Enablers and Obstacles to Aid Delivery: Yemen Crisis 2015", + "Document Summary": "The humanitarian community has failed to adequately respond to the humanitarian crisis in Yemen. The goal of this report is to uncover how humanitarian organisations responded to the Yemen crisis in 2015 by examining the obstacles and enablers to aid delivery. Through dozens of interviews conducted from late 2015 to early 2016 with staff from a wide variety of actors—the UN, INGOs, donors, governments, and think tanks, a composite picture has been painted concerning the actions, structure, and mindset of the humanitarian response in Yemen in 2015.\n\nFour themes have been explored in detail: Humanitarian leadership; political issues and negotiated access; security management; and resources. The obstacles to aid provision related to each have been elaborated upon, followed by actual and potential enablers. The objective has not been to criticise and blame, rather to assist the humanitarian community\nwith understanding what went wrong, what went well, and, most importantly, how humanitarian programming can be implemented better in the future.", + "Key Findings": "Failure to provide adequate humanitarian assistance in the Yemeni crisis of the mid-2010s stemmed from poor humanitarian leadership (there was much \"double-hatting\" and sometimes even \"triple-hatting\" among key staff members, hindering agencies' abilities to succeed), agencies' choice to evacuate Yemen in the thick of the crisis (INGO and UN managers were swept into a constant round of meetings, so coordination became the project), political issues (the UN accepted funding from Saudi Arabia), security management issues (INGOs often did not trust UN security, but their staying in Yemen was contingent upon their safety), and resources, as donors were critical of the lack of information on the ground and many INGOs had trouble with staffing. ", + "Key Recommendations": "Certain items proved enablers in the Yemeni crisis. The following enablers should be strengthened: \n\n1. Deconfliction did help build trust and protect assets to some extent, but it should be made less time-consuming and cumbersome. \n2. Agencies which needed to move large amounts of materials overland stated that the availability of private transporters was an enabler, but private transporters and/or other members of the private sector should also be recruited to provide monitoring and accountability. \n3. The heavy use of local suppliers was a method to work-around the blockade and difficulties in importation; actors should explore making drugs and other medical supplies available on the market. \n4. Humanitarian agencies should engage in networking and context analysis. \n5. Organisations with a longer-term presence theoretically were in a better position to negotiate access and manage the various administrative obstacles; empirical evidence should be collected on whether or not this truly was the case. \n6. Expats should be utilized, as expats provide objectivity and a higher level of resistance to external pressures, as well as emergency programming experience. \n\nThe article states that most important would be to increase networking and context analysis capabilities, have the mindset and capacity to establish operations in the field; and follow up with promises made. ", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://arhp.msf.es/sites/default/files/Case-Study-01.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Health Care" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Red Cross Movement" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Medecins Sans Frontieres" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Conflict" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Humanitarian Assistance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Formal Sector", + "Informal Sector" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Middle East" + ], + "Year": "2016" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Dalberg" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "1605-Dalbe-GLO", + "Document Title": "Mainstreaming Results-Based Finance: Actionable Recommendations for USAID", + "Document Summary": "The report on Mainstreaming Results-Based Finance: Actionable Recommendations for USAID provides key definitions such as Results-Based Financing (RBF), Performance-Based Incentives (PBIs), Development Impact Bonds (DIBs), and Advanced Market Commitments (AMCs). These are widely used in the report and capture the various elements of RBF, PBIs, DIBs, and AMCs. The framework for mainstreaming these elements into the development aid leads to actional recommendations for USAID.", + "Key Findings": "Results-Based Financing (RBF) is a promising tool to focus funders and implementers on development outcomes, encouraging innovation, efficiency, and local ownership.\n\nDespite rapid growth, RBF is likely to remain an ancillary tool in the development aid toolkit through 2020.\n\nUSAID has a stake in this future, has supported a significant proportion of global RBF funding to date, and has begun tentative steps toward doing more.\n\nUSAID has a large amount of latent potential to do more results-based finance (RBF): the prize to realizing this potential is more innovative, efficient, and impactful development.\n\nRBF-based programs show many differences from standard grant and contract processes, and many barriers that are embedded in the program lifecycle; these must be addressed in order to mainstream RBF.", + "Key Recommendations": "1. Accelerate and simplify internal knowledge sharing on RBF\n2. Reduce time and expense associated with programming, implementing RBF\n3. Promote innovation in how RBF programs are monitored and verified\n4. This agenda will benefit from convening a cross-Agency team", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00TK3C.pdf", + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities", + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Advancing Learning and Market Research;", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "Industry Publication", + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2016" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Christof Ehrhart", + "Kyung-wha Kang" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Japan", + "Chile", + "Philippines", + "Madagascar", + "Nepal", + "Regional" + ], + "Document ID": "1605-EHRHA-GLO", + "Document Title": "Combining Capabilities: How Public Private Partnerships are Making a Difference in Humanitarian Action", + "Document Summary": "This publication is intended to uncover the potential of public private partnerships. It was jointly developed by the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) and Deutsche Post DHL Group, two organizations that look back on 10 years of successful collaboration. The report illustrates a variety of innovative and effective partnerships in the field of humanitarian action and makes the case that public private partnerships are essential for global problem-solving in today’s world. The publication also sheds light on how such partnerships work in practice, what challenges exist, and what makes them successful in the long run.", + "Key Findings": "As the United Nations seeks to be a catalyst, the private sector is working to become an indispensable partner in disaster risk reduction, emergency preparedness, response and recovery. Though the public-private partnership approach is not yet systematic, the trend indicates that more and more businesses will engage on this basis, combining capabilities to make a difference. ", + "Key Recommendations": "More effective engagement between the private sector and aid agencies could be furthered by implementing the following recommendations: Develop strategic communications materials to capture the wide variety of private sector collaboration with aid agencies; ensure aid agency country offices and businesses' branches are able to draw upon and 'activate' existing global partnerships; where feasible, establish a private sector focal point in countries that are disaster-prone and which have a record of private sector engagement in humanitarian issues. ", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/ocha-dpdhl-group-ppp-report.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Engineering & Construction", + "Other", + "Financial Services", + "Health Care", + "Retail", + "Processing & Manufacturing", + "Mining & Extractives", + "Telecommunications", + "Food & Beverage", + "Technology" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Telma Foundation", + "Ericsson", + "Microsoft", + "DHL", + "Ayala Corporation", + "Philippine Long Distance Telephone Company (PLDT)", + "Anglo American", + "FedEx", + "Coca-Cola", + "Unilever", + "Firestone", + "ArcelorMittal", + "Henry Schein, Inc.", + "Lawson" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;", + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Deutsche Post DHL Group", + "United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA)" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Youth" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Humanitarian Assistance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Multi-national Business", + "Regional Business", + "Local Business", + "Large Enterprise" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Global", + "Africa", + "Asia", + "Latin America and the Carribean" + ], + "Year": "2016" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Gustavo Gonzalez" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Syria", + "Turkey", + "Iraq", + "Egypt", + "Jordan", + "Lebanon" + ], + "Document ID": "1605-Gonza-MLT", + "Document Title": "New aid architecture and resilience building around the Syria crisis ", + "Document Summary": "Thinking ahead: displacement, transition, solutions is a great article that provides a new aid architecture and resilience-building frameworks for approaches based on learning from the Syrian Regional Crisis. The article has captured the key essence of an effort being exerted by the international community in piloting an integrated humanitarian, development, and government response to the crisis in the region of Syria. The article highlights those middle-income countries in the region, to a lesser extent, saw declining official financing flows supporting their development in the years preceding the current Syrian crisis. In middle-income countries, financing for development relies primarily on national resources and international borrowing. The flow of refugees has put national budgets under stress due to the growth in the volume of subsidies for essential goods and services and to mounting security costs, with Jordan and Lebanon facing higher public debts than their Gross Domestic Products (GDP). The effectiveness of the international community's support has also been weakened by the prevalence of separate humanitarian, development, and climate adaptation financial ‘silos.’ \n\nThe article offers a framework remaining within the Regional United Nations Development Group (R-UNDG) to address this challenging issue. The United Nations Development Program (UNDP) established a Sub-regional Response Facility in Amman, covering the six countries most affected by the crisis, to work closely in a humanitarian and development nexus to find a more sustainable and affordable response to a protracted crisis. The article presents four critical milestones in this challenging journey. First, the R-UNDG adopted the Resilience-Based Development Response to the Syria Crisis, which set a new programming and organizational framework for the integration of humanitarian and development interventions. Second, the formulation of the Regional Refugee and Resilience Plan (3RP), co-led by UNHCR and UNDP, with the participation of five countries and more than 200 partners. This includes relevant UN agencies and national and international NGOs. Third, the Resilience Development Forum in November 2015 at the Dead Sea, Jordan, gathering senior representatives of governments from Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, and Turkey, UN agencies, international organizations, international financial institutions, donor countries, international and national NGOs, research institutions and private sector leaders. Fourth, the organization of the London Conference – supporting Syria and the Region in February 2016 to mobilize financial resources for resilience building, involving traditional and non-traditional donors, governments of the region, international financial institutions, philanthropists, the private sector, and a wide range of national and international NGOs.", + "Key Findings": "The international community has been piloting an integrated humanitarian, development and government response to the crisis in the region of Syria. The effectiveness of the support of the international community has also been weakened by the prevalence of separate humanitarian, development and climate adaptation financial ‘silos'. Although some donors have been working to overcome the divide between humanitarian and development initiatives and funding channels, the response to protracted crises has remained fragmented. One of the lessons from the Syria crisis is that the prevailing aid architecture for crisis response is not fit for purpose.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.fmreview.org/solutions/gonzalez", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Business Services", + "Financial Services" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Ability to Influence Policy", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments", + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships", + "Reputation and Credible Convening Power" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;", + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Forced Migration Review" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Conflict" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Humanitarian Assistance", + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "Peer-reviewed article or other research report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Formal Sector", + "Financial Institution, Investors, and Intermediaries" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Middle East", + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2016" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Sanjay K. Gupta" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Philippines" + ], + "Document ID": "1605-Gupta-PHL", + "Document Title": "Solid Waste Management Value Chain in Selected Barangays of Metro Manila, Rizal and Bulacan Provinces in the Philippines", + "Document Summary": "Catholic Relief Services (CRS) Philippines is implementing Strengthening Urban Communities’ Capacity to Endure Severe Shocks, or SUCCESS, a 2-year, $5 million disaster risk reduction project in 22 barangays of Metro Manila that the United States Agency funds for International Development, or USAID, and the Office of Foreign Disaster Assistance, or OFDA. Project SUCCESS targets 64,800 poor individuals (10,800 households) in flood-prone barangays. Project SUCCESS aims to make poor households more resilient to frequent flooding by improving the local capacity to address their community's flood risk reduction project in 22 barangays of Metro Manila that USAID and OFDA fund. In March 2014, CRS conducted a preliminary rapid market assessment for Phase I of Project SUCCESS to gain a sufficient understanding of the market opportunities related to SWM. The agency conducted a follow-up assessment in 2015 to inform further the approach to be taken for SWM livelihoods in Phase II. This report assesses the report and its findings, particularly in identifying the most relevant livelihood opportunities and market entry points.\n\nThe report highlights that the Minimal Economic Recovery Standards (MERS) were used as a framework for the preliminary assessment, analysis, and design of the proposed SWM livelihood support. This framework considers economic and market dynamics; the selection of markets that are growing, stable, and have unmet demands; and the ability to obtain a clear understanding of input suppliers, producers, end markets, and policymakers. The proposed livelihood development activities in this waste management value chain assessment are based on an understanding of current systems, the possibility of profit, and the validation of an enabling environment with potential returns and risks identified within the public and private sectors. Based on the preliminary rapid assessment results and MERS analysis, CRS has identified junk shop operation and garbage collection as the two most promising avenues for small enterprise development under Project SUCCESS. The findings from the Phase I and Phase II initial rapid assessments justify these choices to add value to the service chain and waste material value chain.\n", + "Key Findings": "Based on the preliminary rapid assessment results and analysis using MERS, CRS has identified junk shop operation and garbage collection as the two most promising avenues for small enterprise development under Project SUCCESS. The findings from the Phase I and Phase II initial rapid assessments justify these choices to add value to service chain and waste material value chain.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00N5B8.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Processing & Manufacturing" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Flexibility and Pace" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "CRS", + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Health" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Asia" + ], + "Year": "2016" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Lacey Harris-Coble" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Tanzania" + ], + "Document ID": "1605-Harri-TZA", + "Document Title": "Integrating Gender and Nutrition within Agricultural Extension Services: Tanzania Landscape Analysis", + "Document Summary": "The Integrating Gender and Nutrition within Agricultural Extension Services (INGENAES) project is funded through the Bureau for Food Security (BFS) of the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) to support the Presidential Feed the Future Initiative, which strives to increase agricultural productivity and the incomes of both men and women in rural areas who rely on agriculture for their livelihoods. This landscape study provides an overview of Tanzania’s agriculture and the status of the country’s extension system. It also provides information on the prevalence of poverty, nutrition, and gender-related issues in the country, focusing on rural areas. It summarizes Tanzania’s current agricultural and nutrition policies. It provides a summary of several ongoing projects by the United States Government (USG) related to agriculture extension and gender and nutrition impacts.\n\nThe report acknowledges the progress that Tanzania has made in the past decade regarding GDP growth, health improvements, and agricultural development. However, the report points out that much more needs to be done, as a third of Tanzanians still live in poverty, and the rate of stunting in children under five is 35%. With most Tanzanians employed in agriculture, growth in this sector is a promising route for poverty reduction. To achieve the ambitious growth goals in the agricultural sector, it is necessary to empower women. While discrimination against women is technically illegal, customary laws and practices that discriminate against women are still common. Women also have limited access to the capital, labor, and agricultural extension services necessary for agricultural development. INGENEAS is well-positioned to impact Tanzania by focusing on women farmers, increasing agricultural productivity, and improving nutrition. These activities are aligned with the goals and priorities of the GoT, which has committed to agricultural development and has programs in place at multiple levels under the Tanzania Agriculture and Food Security Investment Plan (TAFSIP) Framework. Additionally, these activities align with the USAID Feed the Future strategy, which focuses on public-private partnerships and nutrition. INGENEAS will be able to contribute to Tanzania’s National Strategy for Gender Development through research, sex-disaggregated data collection, gender-sensitization training, and agriculture and nutrition programs.\n", + "Key Findings": "Although Tanzania has made significant progress in the past decade in terms of GDP growth, health improvements, and agricultural development there is still much work to be done. Nearly a third of Tanzanians live in poverty and the rate of stunting in children under five is 35%. With the majority of Tanzanians employed in agriculture, growth in this sector is a promising route for poverty reduction. In order to achieve the ambitious goals of growth in the agricultural sector, it is necessary to empower women. While discrimination against women is technically illegal, customary laws and practices that discriminate against women are still common.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00M4QW.pdf", + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Feed the Future" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Agriculture and Food Security" + ], + "Type of Document": "Landscape Analysis", + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2016" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "HP+" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Kenya", + "Regional" + ], + "Document ID": "1605-HP+-MLT", + "Document Title": "Health Policy Plus: Kenya and East Africa", + "Document Summary": "Health Policy Plus: Kenya and East Africa is a health policy brief that provides a brief overview of the USAID-funded Health Policy Plus (HP+) five-year, $185 million project, which has a mandate across global, country, and subnational levels to strengthen and advance health policy priorities in family planning, reproductive health, HIV, and maternal health. HP+ builds on the successful efforts of its predecessors, the Health Policy Project (2012-2015) and the Health Policy Initiative (2012-2015), to support the Government of Kenya in improving national and county-level policies, strategies, and guidelines to strengthen mechanisms to ensure that Kenya achieves sustainable financing of its health care system and reaches global HIV and AIDS targets. Supporting the development and implementation of the Kenya Health Financing Strategy; increasing sustainable finance and domestic resource mobilization for Kenya’s health sector; strengthening national and county linkages to enhance Kenya’s health finance, policy, and governance; fostering increased private sector engagement in Kenya’s healthcare financing; and supporting regional (Eastern Africa) health networks to better position the health financing agenda are some of the key areas of intervention of the Health Plus Project.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00M9JS.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Health Care" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships", + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "HP+" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Health" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "For-profit approach that generates sustainable income", + "Local Business", + "Formal Sector" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2016" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "International Rescue Committee" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Lebanon", + "Philippines" + ], + "Document ID": "1605-IRC-GLO", + "Document Title": "Untapped Humanitarian Demand: A Business Case for Expanding Digital\nFinancial Services", + "Document Summary": "The International Rescue Committee commissioned Strategy Impact Advisors to build a return on investment (ROI) model to estimate whether or not a business case exists for expanded coverage of digital financial services in crisis-prone areas (Lebanon and the Philippines). This analysis provides insights into: 1.) what DFS providers can expect as a return on investment in sufficient infrastructure and services for the delivery of cash assistance during emergencies; and 2.) how their proactive engagement with humanitarian organizations can improve their short and long-term revenue streams. This analysis is guided by two key questions:\n\nWhat is the projected demand for cash transfer services resulting from humanitarian crises in the Philippines and Lebanon?\nWhat are the potential revenues and costs associated with serving that demand for DFS providers in the Philippines and Lebanon?\n\nBy modeling the potential ROI for DFS providers from meeting aggregate humanitarian demand, this paper aims to motivate greater investment in expansion of digital financial services in areas vulnerable to emergencies, incentivize humanitarian-private sector cooperation prior to crises, and encourage development and humanitarian actors to coordinate their respective DFS-related initiatives. ", + "Key Findings": "There is a business case for DFS providers to engage in humanitarian response, even with expenditures associated with network expansion or inclusion of at-risk populations.", + "Key Recommendations": "Establishing stored value accounts for populations in disaster-prone areas incentivizes DFS providers to expand operations to these populations, promotes greater financial inclusion, and prepares a mechanism for rapid e-payments when emergencies do happen. The more digital stored value accounts that exist in a country, the more resilient and prepared the population will be for the next emergency.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.rescue.org/report/untapped-humanitarian-demand-business-case-expanding-digital-financial-services", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Financial Services" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "International Rescue Committee" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Humanitarian Assistance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Industry Publication", + "USAID Region": [ + "Asia", + "Middle East" + ], + "Year": "2016" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Richard Kibombo", + "Alfred Nuamanya", + "Vincent Owarwo", + "Nasreen Jessani", + "Kenneth Otikal", + "Patrick Mubangizi" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Uganda" + ], + "Document ID": "1605-Kibom-USAID", + "Document Title": "USAID/Uganda Strengthening Decentralization for Sustainability (SDS) Program", + "Document Summary": "The United States Agency for International Development (USAID)-funded Strengthening Decentralization for Sustainability (SDS) program is a six-year program that aims to improve the results and sustainability of decentralized social service delivery. The program was implemented with the objectives of: i) improving coordination among all USAID-supported partners at the district level; ii) strengthening the capacity of districts and sub-counties to plan, budget, implement/coordinate, monitor, and evaluate decentralized services by efficiently utilizing the Government of Uganda’s (GoU) administrative and fiscal decentralization framework; iii) providing grants to districts to complement resources needed for effective and efficient management of programs and services; and iv) facilitating strategic innovations to improve district leadership and sustainable financing of health, HIV/AIDS, and other social sector services by utilizing the GoU. USAID/Uganda, therefore, commissioned an online evaluation of the program to understand its contribution to decentralized systems and service delivery, assess the SDS model's relevance, and provide practical recommendations on how to strengthen decentralization and good governance in Uganda further.\n\nThis study employed primary qualitative methods of data collection followed by 161 in-depth interviews with a wide variety of stakeholders, including USAID/Uganda Mission Staff, managers of the SDS program and its implementing partners, political and technical leaders of the Higher Local Governments (HLGs) and Lower Local Governments (LLGs), and Level III and Level IV Health center in-charges. In addition, 10 group interviews were conducted, including those with community members—the ultimate beneficiaries of decentralized service delivery. Document review was an additional source of information for verification and triangulation.", + "Key Findings": "Through the District Management Committees, SDS has greatly enhanced coordination of various key implementers in the local governments (LGs).\n\nThe robust SDS grants management and other financial accountability indicators were used to strictly assess district performance every quarter, with results determining eligibility levels for subsequent disbursements.\n\nThe SDS program was a complementary mechanism for strengthening LG systems by providing financial as well as technical support to complement resources from the DBTA programs.\n\nThe original SDS program design was robust enough to accommodate all the modifications.\n\nUnder the SDS program, districts received both grants and TA aimed at strengthening decentralized systems and processes so as to enhance the LG’s ownership, autonomy, and independence.", + "Key Recommendations": "1. In order to consolidate the gains made in strengthening LG systems, USAID should continue providing technical and financial support to the districts.\n\n2. The PBF principle should be maintained and embedded across all granting mechanisms. Districts that demonstrate compliance to the set PBF criteria should be given more discretionary funds to address locally identified priorities.\n\n3. Modifications to future similar programs should, to the extent possible, involve the implementing partners right from the outset to ensure ownership and improve chances of sustainability.\n\n4. In the future, in situations involving more than one TA arm, there is a need to synchronize policies and priorities so as to realize the intended synergies.\n\n5. All national level players deemed critical for achieving program results should be fully integrated in the program design with clear roles, responsibilities, and expected outputs.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://db.crest.sun.ac.za/afred/collections/documents/AfredViewDocument.authors,AfredViewDocument.origin_id,AfredViewDocument.doctype,AfredViewDocument.title,AfredViewDocument.year,AfredViewDocument.source,AfredViewDocument.link%7C%7CEvaluation%20of%20USAID/Uganda%20strengthening%20decentralization%20for%20sustainability%20(SDS)%20program%7C#disabled", + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Democracy, Human Rights, & Governance", + "Education and Social Services" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2016" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Brazil" + ], + "Document ID": "1605-USAID-BRA", + "Document Title": "Amazon Malaria Initiative: Private Sector Engagement Helps to Interrupt Malaria Transmission in Brazil", + "Document Summary": "This case study report of the Santo Antônio and Jirau dams reinforces the notion that human health impact needs to be considered early on in large infrastructure projects and exemplifies how effectively implemented regulatory frameworks can engage the private sector successfully interrupting the transmission of malaria. The report highlights that Malaria, a potentially fatal illness transmitted by mosquitoes, is endemic to nine states in the Brazilian Amazon. Scientific evidence shows that deforestation, environmental degradation, and population migration associated with large infrastructure projects may increase malaria incidence. With over 45,000 cases, Porto Velho had the second-highest malaria cases reported by any municipality in the Amazon region in 2005. Despite the presence of competent vectors, environmental degradation propitious for malaria transmission, and considerable population growth, malaria incidence in Porto Velho decreased. The number of cases fell from 34,865 in 2006 to just 3,600 in 2015.\n\nThe report points out that implementing Brazilian regulations that require significant infrastructure projects in the Amazon to contribute to malaria control efforts is considered an essential asset in helping the Ministry of Health strive toward malaria elimination. In this case, successfully implementing a regulatory framework that promotes the active leadership, involvement, and ownership of both public and private sectors has made a difference in limiting the spread of disease, bringing significant benefits to malaria-affected communities. Regulations were intended to mitigate an increase in malaria cases. After deploying prevention, diagnosis, and treatment measures using effective communication and social mobilization, malaria cases decreased by 90% compared to annual cases before dam construction. As a result, Porto Velho has moved from the high to the low-risk category for malaria transmission. The success has been possible due to the involvement of the ministries of health, the National Foundation of the Indian (FUNAI), and the Palmares Institute.\n", + "Key Findings": "The case of the Santo Antônio and Jirau dams reinforces the notion that human health impact needs to be considered early on in large infrastructure projects, and exemplifies how effectively-implemented regulatory frameworks can engage the private sector in successfully interrupting the transmission of malaria.", + "Internet URL of Document": "http://www.linksglobal.org/AMI/extras/Brazil_Case_Study_EN.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Energy", + "Engineering & Construction" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Flexibility and Pace" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships", + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;", + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Health" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "For-profit approach that generates sustainable income", + "Formal Sector", + "Local Business" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Latin America and the Carribean" + ], + "Year": "2016" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Robert Zielonka", + "Ambra Savoldi", + "Omar Alam", + "Varun Aggarwal", + "Sebastiano Mori", + "Leonardo Taccetti", + "Hannes Dekeyser", + "Federica La China", + "Morten Wendelbo" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Nepal" + ], + "Document ID": "1605-WENDE-NPL", + "Document Title": "The Crisis Response to the Nepal Earthquake: Lessons Learned", + "Document Summary": "The response to the earthquakes in Nepal was among the strongest in history, seen from an international perspective, and given the severity of the calamities. Dozens of countries came to the aid of Nepal, some of them, such as India and Pakistan, within a few short hours. Nonetheless, an unnecessary amount of people were killed, injured or otherwise had their lives permanently altered. This report details many of the challenges experienced by international and Nepalese actors before, during and after the disaster. ", + "Key Findings": "Overall, three major themes are persistent throughout: 1. Insufficient preparation for a natural disaster of this magnitude, 2. lack of information and dissemination thereof, 3. Lack of effective coordination at all levels of resilience and response.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.eias.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/The-Crisis-Response-to-the-Nepal-Earthquake-_-Lessons-Learned-colour-1.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Other" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Ability to Influence Policy", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments", + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships", + "Risk-Mitigation and Flexible Authorities" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment", + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "European Institute for Asian Studies" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Humanitarian Assistance" + ], + "Type of Document": "White Paper/Think Tank Report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Formal Sector", + "Multi-national Business" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Asia" + ], + "Year": "2016" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "ACDI/VOCA" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Mozambique" + ], + "Document ID": "1606-ACDI-MOZ", + "Document Title": "Mozambique Agricultural Value Chain Analysis", + "Document Summary": "USAID/Mozambique commissioned a value chain analysis (VCA) to prioritize and guide interventions within and across nine target value chains. This analytical report validates the selection of each value chain based on its contribution to USAID/Mozambique’s objectives of increasing smallholders’ incomes and offering nutritional benefits to rural households. It also considers criteria such as its relevance to USAID target geography, its impact on women farmers, market demand, and the opportunity to develop market-driven interventions that build upon recent and current donor and private sector investments. The analysis also provides an overview of the structure and functions of each value chain, identifies priority end markets and constraints to realizing their benefits, and recommends potential value chain upgrading strategies. The results provide a foundation on which more detailed intervention strategies can be developed.\n\nThe analysis identified the three highest potential value chains based on the above criteria: soy, sesame, and pigeon pea. A second tier of value chains—groundnut, common bean, and cowpea—have high potential but lack the large-scale \"demand drivers\" that mobilize broad-based investment and uptake of productivity-enhancing technologies and practices. The lowest tier of value chains—banana, vegetables, and cashew—present significant agroecological, market, and/or political constraints that limit potential gains or have investment requirements that preclude the broad-based inclusion of smallholder farmers. The report presents the most promising end-market opportunities for fresh vegetables to substitute for imports in domestic markets and off-season production of traditional vegetables. Constraints to supplying these markets include limited availability of finance and farmers’ constrained liquidity given the capital-intensive nature of the investment to enter these markets; the need for irrigation; limited availability of quality seed; limited technical and management capacity among farmers; and a lack of post-harvest facilities.\n", + "Key Findings": "The analysis validates the selection of each value chain on the basis of its contribution to USAID/Mozambique’s objectives of increasing smallholders’ incomes and offering nutritional benefits to rural households, while also taking into account criteria such as its relevance to USAID target geography, impact on women farmers, market demand, and growth; and opportunity to develop market-driven interventions that build upon recent and current donor and private sector investments. The analysis also provides an overview of the structure and functions of each value chain, identifies priority end markets and constraints to realizing their benefits, and recommends potential value chain upgrading strategies. The results provide a foundation on which more detailed intervention strategies can be developed.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.marketlinks.org/sites/default/files/resource/files/LEO_Report_No._31_-__Mozambique_VCA_FINAL.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Business Services" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Export Trading Group (ETG)", + "World Vision", + "DAI" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Efficiency and Effectiveness", + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge", + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Agriculture and Food Security" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Multi-national Business", + "For-profit approach that generates sustainable income", + "Formal Sector", + "American Business" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2016" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Timothy Buehrer" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Burma" + ], + "Document ID": "1606-Buehr-MMR", + "Document Title": "The Obligations of Membership: Myanmar in ASEAN", + "Document Summary": "The ASEAN financial crisis of 1997–1998 caused ASEAN to become even more focused on regional integration, particularly in the area of economics. Over the next few years, the concept of the ASEAN Community was developed, and blueprints were prepared for the ASEAN Political-Security Community, the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC), and the ASEAN Socio-Cultural Community. Those blueprints were designed to lead to the completion of the ASEAN Community by 2015. Many of those commitments were met, and the ASEAN Community was christened on December 31, 2015. \n\nLooking forward, ASEAN adopted a new set of blueprints and collected them in a document entitled \"ASEAN 2025: Forging Ahead Together.\" The ASEAN Economic Community Blueprint 2025 contains further commitments on the part of all ASEAN Member States for deepening economic cooperation in the region. This paper examines the implications of the ongoing commitments from the original AEC blueprint and the new commitments in the AEC Blueprint 2025 for Myanmar. The rest of this paper is organized around the five pillars of the AEC Blueprint 2025. The focus is on topics of particular importance to Myanmar. The report covers the pillar of a global ASEAN with a focus on the tariff commitments under the ASEAN Free Trade Agreement (AFTA), now the ASEAN Trade in Goods Agreement (ATIGA), as well as the ASEAN Plus One free trade agreements (FTAs) and the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) Agreement negotiations. It shows that Myanmar has already committed to a relatively liberal trade regime to benefit consumers and industry, particularly in this era of global value chains.\n\nThe report focuses on commitments to form a highly integrated and cohesive economic region. This includes programs such as Myanmar’s National Single Window (NSW) and its connection to the ASEAN Single Window (ASW), the National Trade Repository (NTR) and its connection to the ASEAN Trade Repository (ATR), services trade liberalization, standards, certificates of origin, and Authorized Economic Operators (AEOs). The report highlights commitments toward a competitive, innovative, and dynamic ASEAN. These include commitments to competition law, consumer protection, and intellectual property rights. It focuses on enhanced connectivity, sectoral cooperation, and a resilient, inclusive, people-oriented ASEAN.\n", + "Key Findings": "The ASEAN Economic Community Blueprint 2025 identifies a wide range of policy objectives for the region for the next 10 years. This paper has identified some of the key activities that should be addressed by Myanmar. While the list of proposed actions is extensive, they are spread across a range of government ministries and other bodies for implementation. What is missing is a central mechanism to monitor implementation of Myanmar’s ASEAN obligations on a regular basis. This function will in part be performed by the monitoring and evaluation units at the ASEAN Secretariat", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.nathaninc.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/Buehrer-Obligations-of-Membership.pdf", + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Asia" + ], + "Year": "2016" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Tim Crocker-Buque", + "Sandra Mounier-Jack" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "1606-Crock-GLO-pr", + "Document Title": "The International Finance Facility for Immunisation: stakeholders’ perspectives", + "Document Summary": "This report evaluates stakeholders’ understanding and opinions of the International Finance Facility for Immunization (IFFIm); to identify factors affecting funding levels and to explore the future use of IFFIm. This research has been conducted and reported in compliance with COREQ guidelines. A topic guide was developed using existing published literature on IFFIm and related technical documents for use within semi-structured interviews conducted in English. The guide was piloted for suitability with three staff members within the department. Participants were not restricted to the questions and could freely discuss other topics. Ethical approval was received from the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine Ethics Committee.", + "Key Findings": "Stakeholders’ understanding of IFFIm’s financing mechanism and its outcomes varied and many stakeholders wanted more information. Participants highlighted that the change in the macro-economic environment following the 2008 financial crisis affected national policy in donor countries and subsequently the number of new commitments IFFIm received. Since Gavi is now seen as a successful and mature organization, participants stated that donors prefer to donate directly to Gavi. The pharmaceutical industry valued IFFIm for providing funding stability and flexibility. Other stakeholders valued IFFIm’s ability to access funds early and enable Gavi to increase vaccine coverage. Overall, stakeholders thought IFFIm was successful, but they had divergent views about IFFIm’s on-going role. Participants listed two issues where bond financing mechanisms may be suitable: emergency preparedness and outcome-based time-limited interventions.", + "Key Recommendations": "IFFIm-like mechanisms have been proposed to fund a wide range of other global health issues, including malaria control, Ebola vaccine and noncommunicable diseases.\n•\tFirst, bond financing could have a role in emergency preparedness, including disasters and pandemics.\n•\tSecond, bond financing could support quantifiable, outcomes-based, time-limited interventions, including the formation of a new organization or delivery of a specific intervention, for example a catch-up vaccination program.", + "Internet URL of Document": "http://dx.doi.org/10.2471/BLT.15.166553", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Pharmaceuticals", + "Health Care", + "Financial Services" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "World Health Organization (WHO)" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Health" + ], + "Type of Document": "Peer-reviewed article or other research report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Corporate Foundation", + "Formal Sector", + "Financial Institution, Investors, and Intermediaries" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2016" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Daniel Dorsainvil", + "Eslyn Jean-Baptiste" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Haiti" + ], + "Document ID": "1606-Dorsa-HTI", + "Document Title": "Final Performance Evaluation of the Haiti Integrated Financing for Value Chains and Enterprises (HIFIVE) Project", + "Document Summary": "HI-FIVE is a USAID-funded $37.2 million project designed to make commercially viable financial products and services available to productive Haitian enterprises primarily involved in agricultural value chains and operating in rural areas of the country. Those actors are underserved by the Haitian financial system, and granting them greater access to financial services would contribute to economic growth, job creation, and improved livelihood in Haiti. The strategy mainly consisted of supporting financial institutions to allow them to expand outreach to agriculture and rural areas. This evaluation provides USAID and its partners with information on the overall impact of the HI-FIVE project. It presents an analysis of the effectiveness of a targeted approach and activities in building financial sector support to increase access to financial services for underserved households and enterprises in USAID-supported value chains. It provides recommendations to guide and optimize the effectiveness of future programming in the financial sector.\n\nThis study employed a mixed methods approach to data collection to triangulate qualitative and quantitative data. Field-level data were collected in four geographic areas: i) Port-au-Prince; ii) Saint-Marc; iii) Cap-Haïtien; and iv) Mirebalais. Data collection methods and tools included a desk review of project documents, 41 Key informant interviews (KII), 134 short questionnaires administered to managers at financial institutions (FI), employees at those institutions, and owners of micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) who benefited from loans. In addition, 15 site visits were conducted to observe and verify project activities. Finally, a literature review was completed to gather information on mobile money (MM) and programs designed to promote financial inclusion. A few limitations affected the evaluation process. First, MSME focus group participants were not picked randomly as the evaluators had intended, and there is a potential for selection bias. Second, the instruments designed to collect information on the sustainability aspect of the evaluation question affected a low response rate. The study was only able to administer the employee survey in 8 of the 21 FIs it targeted. This limits the study’s ability to evaluate the sustainability of the institutions that received HIFIVE’s support, particularly from a human resources standpoint.\n", + "Key Findings": "HIFIVE was successful in implementing USAID’s strategy of supporting agriculture value chains by strengthening the capacity of sustainable FIs.\n\nIn a country with few opportunities for small businesses, the program helped deliver services to over 57,000 Micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMES).\n\nHIFIVE was much less successful in the mobile money component of the project.", + "Key Recommendations": "It is recommended that USAID allocate resources to finance a market survey.\n\nFuture program designed by USAID and its partners should take into account the incentives of all actors (Mobile Money Operators (MNOs), consumers, agents, merchants, financial institutions) in\norder to foster the development of an effective ecosystem.\n\nFuture programming in the microfinance sector must continue to include support for the adoption of ICT and the acquisition of operating assets that strengthen the capacity of FIs.\n\nFuture USAID programming should consider offering more flexible loan terms (particularly the principal amount) that take into account a beneficiary’s ability to repay.\n\nAgricultural insurance is vital for the development of the sector and it is important to provide support for related schemes; for instance, facilitating agricultural risk sharing among MFIs or extending Development Credit Authority (DCA).", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00M7RN.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Financial Services" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Agriculture and Food Security", + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Corporate Foundation", + "Financial Institution, Investors, and Intermediaries" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Latin America and the Carribean" + ], + "Year": "2016" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Susan Dunn" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "1606-Dunn-MLT", + "Document Title": "Expanding Women’s Institute on Leadership and Disability (WILD) Program Reach: A report on accomplishments and challenges", + "Document Summary": "The USAID-funded Leadership, Management, and Governance (LMG) project partnered with Mobility International SA (MIUSA) from 2011 to 2016 to support and strengthen MIUSA’s Women’s Institute on Leadership and Disability (WILD) training program. MIUSA, founded in 1981, is a U.S.- based nonprofit organization led by disabled people; it works to advance disability rights and leadership globally and to increase the participation of people with disabilities in international exchange and international development. Since 1997, MIUSA’s signature Women’s Institute on Leadership and Disability (WILD) programs have brought approximately 200 women leaders with disabilities from over 80 countries to Eugene, Oregon, to build skills, exchange experiences, and strategies, create new visions, and strengthen international networks of support. This report summarizes activities conducted as part of the delivery of the Eugene-based WILD ToT, the WILD in-country training, successes, challenges, recommendations, and next steps.", + "Key Findings": "In final evaluations of the WILD ToT in Eugene (See Appendix I: WILD ToT Participant Final Evaluation Form), all participants indicated that the activities of “presenting a module” and “modules presented by others” were either useful or very useful for gaining new skills, knowledge, and ideas. In anecdotal feedback, participants highlighted how the mock facilitation sessions improved their skills to work with diverse groups, provided an opportunity to learn from their peers, strengthened their skills to work in teams, and demonstrated how to adapt the content of the manual for their in-country trainings.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00MZHC.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Health Care" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships", + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;", + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Democracy, Human Rights, & Governance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2016" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Ali Hayat", + "Rajan Kapoor", + "Cynthia Chikura", + "Jessica Gajarsa" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Botswana", + "Namibia", + "South Africa", + "Lesotho", + "Mozambique", + "Malawi", + "Zambia", + "Eswatini" + ], + "Document ID": "1606-Hayat-MLT", + "Document Title": "Southern Africa Trade Hub Final Performance Evaluation", + "Document Summary": "The Southern Africa Trade Hub project was awarded to AECOM International Development with a performance period from September 2010 to September 2015. The Trade Hub’s overarching goal was to increase international competitiveness, intra-regional trade, and food security in the Southern Africa Development Community (SADC) region. This objective was to be accomplished by advancing the regional integration agenda and increasing the trade capacity of regional value chains in selected sectors. The project was initially designed to take an integrated approach to two high-level United States Government (USG) priorities: the Global Hunger and Food Security Initiative, which became the Feed the Future (FTF) initiative, and the African Growth and Competitiveness Initiative (AGCI). The project was also designed to act as one of three USG trade Hubs in sub-Saharan Africa to increase exports to the U.S. under the African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA) and to provide “Aid-for-Trade” assistance as mandated by USG commitments under the Doha round of negotiations at the World Trade Organization (WTO). \n\nThis report presents findings, conclusions, and recommendations from a final performance evaluation of the USAID Southern Africa Trade and Competitiveness project (the “Southern Africa Trade Hub” hereafter). The assessment was commissioned by USAID/Southern Africa and the Office of Trade and Regulatory Reform in USAID’s Bureau for Economic Growth, Education, and Environment (USAID/E3/TRR). It was designed and implemented by the E3 Analytics and Evaluation Project. The primary purpose of the performance evaluation is to inform USAID’s decision-making processes concerning its strategic approaches for achieving the intended results of its work on trade facilitation in Southern Africa. The recommendations and lessons identified by the evaluation are designed to provide practical guidance and feasible measures to support the sustainability of outcomes achieved to date, as well as best practices and areas of improvement that can be used in subsequent programs of this type.\n", + "Key Findings": "• During the period reviewed by the evaluation team, the Trade Hub demonstrated significant improvements in performance and results of IR 1.1 Trade Facilitation activities.\n• USAID and Trade Hub respondents agreed that there were five changes in the management structure that the project implemented, which were most salient for enhancing performance. \n• Many USAID and Trade Hub respondents agreed that there were changes in the way the project addressed six management factors, which were most salient for enhancing performance.\n• The evaluation team captured promising practices that have been identified by stakeholders\n• The Trade Hub has been successful in creating an awareness of trade facilitation activities through public launches and has encouraged partner countries to formally commit to trade facilitation activities.\n", + "Key Recommendations": "In order to build on the achievements of the previous Trade Hub and effectively design and implement new and follow-on activities across all the results areas, the future implementing partner should: \n1. Undertake a stakeholder and results mapping exercise to ensure that the future iteration of the Trade Hub makes informed decisions about new and follow-on activities, as well as builds on the results, knowledge, and relationships generated by the previous project. \n2. As part of the review process described above, be sure to assess former Trade Hub activities that were considered complete, in order to ascertain whether the intended results and objectives have been sustained by the stakeholders.\n3. Implement a formalized process to assess requests for support from USAID and host country counterparts.\n", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Jessica_Gajarsa2/publication/311983834_USAID_SOUTHERN_AFRICA_TRADE_HUB_FINAL_PERFORMANCE_EVALUATION/links/5866c54c08aebf17d39aeae3/USAID-SOUTHERN-AFRICA-TRADE-HUB-FINAL-PERFORMANCE-EVALUATION.pdf", + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2016" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "MSI" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Pakistan" + ], + "Document ID": "1606-Manag-GLO", + "Document Title": "Citizens' Voice Project (CVP) Final Performance Evaluation", + "Document Summary": "Management Systems International (MSI), through its Performance Management Support Contract (PERFORM), conducted the final performance evaluation of the $45 million USAID-funded Citizens' Voice Project (CVP) in Pakistan. The final assessment of CVP determines the extent to which grantees achieved the project's goal of improving engagement between citizens and the government on priority program-supported initiatives designed to advance good governance objectives. Objectives included 1) strengthening citizen engagement in policy advocacy and state oversight; 2) enhancing grantee organizational capacity, transparency, and accountability; and 3) creating productive linkages between state and non-state actors for increased accountability. The evaluation assesses whether activities implemented by CVP were relevant, effective, and sustainable. The report provides recommendations and lessons learned to help USAID/Pakistan design a future project with a similar objective to enhance civil society's capacity to hold the Government of Pakistan accountable at the local, provincial, and national levels. The report has developed findings, conclusions, and recommendations from a desk review of 40 purposively selected grants, grantee documents, and group and individual interviews with 622 CVP beneficiaries, grantees, government officials, civil society, and media stakeholders. The evaluation focused on 1) the relevance of grant-funded activities to stakeholders and the target population, 2) the effectiveness of grant-funded activities in achieving project objectives, 3) the extent to which grant results are sustainable, and 4) the utility of the Grants Under Contract (GUC) model.", + "Key Findings": "1. Relevance: Grant activities were highly relevant to stakeholder and beneficiary interests, mostly due to grantees’ consulting with local communities and relying on their local knowledge when selecting grant activities.\n\n2. Effectiveness: Grants effectively facilitated engagement between citizens and the government.\n\n3. Sustainability: CVP encouraged sustainability from the start of the grant process by requiring grantees to submit sustainability plans.\n\n4. Grants Under Contract: The two delivery mechanisms that supported CVP’s successful programming were 1) the GUC contractual grant framework between USAID and implementing partner Trust for Democratic Education and Accountability (TDEA) and 2) the Fixed Amount Award (FAA) grant funds disbursal system to grantees.\n", + "Key Recommendations": "1. The implementing partner should initiate formal linkages with the government at the beginning of the implementation process.\n\n2. The implementing partner of future similar projects should emphasize including high-impact activities, such as information campaigns and community-level meetings, in the request for\napplications (RFA) process and throughout the activity planning stage.\n\n3. The implementing partner should increase the number of grantee capacity-building trainings relative to CVP and conduct the trainings early in the grant startup phase to build the capabilities of grantee organizations before grants begin.\n\n4. The implementing partner should create an effective payment system to improve the grantee experience relative to that under CVP by increasing payments for initial milestone deliverables, reducing the total number of milestone deliverables, and creating an escrow account so the project can access additional program funds when necessary to continue project activities. 5. The implementing partner should develop a communications manual alongside a Grant Management Information System (GMIS) training presentation to improve communication between the project and grantees and deploy both during an off-site retreat with grantees.\n", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00M9SW.pdf", + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Afghanistan and Pakistan" + ], + "Year": "2016" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "MarketShare Associates (MSA)" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "1606-MSA-GLO", + "Document Title": "Review of Policy-Constrained Value Chain Initiatives", + "Document Summary": "Review of policy-constrained value chain initiatives (report #28) report documents and provides an initial analysis of initiatives in Feed the Future (FTF) projects designed to address policy-related constraints to value chain competitiveness and increased private sector investment. It will assist the Policy Division of the Bureau for Food Security/Agricultural Research and Policy (BFS/ARP) to strengthen the framework for understanding and to address policy issues as part of comprehensive competitiveness strategies for targeted value chains in FTF countries. \n\nThe report is produced from the desk study, focusing on initiatives designed to drive value chain competitiveness, inclusiveness, and resilience. The research focuses on how various FTF projects seek or have sought to address policy constraints and opportunities and accompanying documentation of increased private sector investment, though evidence of causation remains limited. This initial analysis lays the groundwork for identifying case studies to understand better the barriers posed by adverse or absent policy elements and how interventions opened up new private-sector investment opportunities by overcoming those barriers. The focus on better policies—creating a truly enabling environment—covers both commission and omission in existing policies that may impose constraints on productivity, competitiveness, and investment. The value chain approach to designing a competitiveness strategy highlights the importance of strengthening the business-enabling environment as a basis for sustained competitiveness. That approach recognizes policy's critical role in boosting or constraining sector performance. This review outlines the mechanisms by which policy change can affect value chain performance in general and private-sector investment in particular. It also considers the circumstances that matter in these economic impacts. The emphasis is on the following topics:\n1) Major policy-related initiatives in current and past FTF programming and their potential correlation with increased private sector investment in key value chains\n2) Initial lessons learned concerning addressing policy constraints and ways to strengthen private sector engagement in these issues\n\nThe sources consulted include FTF project-specific materials (including annual and quarterly reports, mid-term evaluations, and final evaluations), the Enabling Agricultural Trade AgCLIR assessments, AgBEE reports, and AGRI Index Report; the World Bank's Enabling the Business of Agriculture report; institutional architecture assessments; and the New Alliance cooperation frameworks. The first part of this report establishes the conceptual framework for analyzing and optimizing the impact of policy reforms on agricultural productivity and competitiveness. It then provides summary tables documenting key FTF initiatives that have explicitly addressed policy-related constraints and summarizes initial lessons learned from this review. The report concludes with suggestions for future research, including a selection of projects to identify the in-depth case studies.\n", + "Key Findings": "The review of FTF projects implementing policy initiatives reveals a variety of approaches to addressing policy-related constraints, which include the following (often in combination):\n\n• Developing multi-stakeholder advocacy platforms\n• Building advocacy capacity among value chain actors\n• Sponsoring policy-specific exchange visits for government officials\n• Support researching, drafting, revising legislation\n• Direct advocacy with government agencies\n• Promoting public-private dialogue on specific policy issues\n• Supporting national governments to negotiate and implement regional trade policy\n", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.marketlinks.org/sites/default/files/resource/files/LEVE-Technical-Report-Apparel-Sector-Multiplier_508.pdf", + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2016" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Mario Novelli" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Haiti", + "Liberia", + "Kenya", + "Uganda", + "South Sudan", + "Pakistan", + "Afghanistan", + "Lebanon", + "United States" + ], + "Document ID": "1606-NOVEL-GLO", + "Document Title": "Public Private Partnerships in education in crisis and conflict affected contexts: A framing paper", + "Document Summary": "The private sector, through Public Private Partnerships (PPPs), has increasingly become engaged in the delivery, management, and evaluation of education systems around the world. While a fair amount has been written, assessing the role and involvement of private actors in education in both developed and developing countries, much less has been done on those contexts grappling with, or emerging out of, armed conflict and civil war, natural or bio-medical disasters, or “fragile” contexts where the state lacks the capacity or willingness to implement/deliver public services. This framing paper seeks to lay out some of the issues related to the role of private actors and PPPs in these kinds of crisis and conflict affected contexts. In doing so, it seeks to bring together insights from the field of Education in Emergencies, particularly research on education in conflict affected contexts, and link this to already existing work on PPPs in some of these contexts. This paper raises a number of issues that need to be addressed and suggests a possible approach through which Education PPPs might be researched, monitored, and evaluated—prior to, during, and after implementation—to ensure that they contribute towards, rather than impede, education system development and post-conflict and crisis recovery.", + "Key Findings": "This paper raises a number of issues that need to be addressed and suggests a possible approach through which Education PPPs might be researched, monitored, and evaluated—prior to, during, and after implementation—to ensure that they contribute towards, rather than impede, education system development and post-conflict and crisis recovery.\n\n1. The need for more resources is evident and an increased focus on education systems in these difficult and complex contexts—the challenges are immense and the funding gap is huge.\n2. Education interventions in conflict and crisis affected environments need to be subject to interrogation on the basis not of their effects and outcomes on the educational system alone but also on the particular conflict and crisis context within which they are inserted. \nWe need to ask whether specific interventions are having a positive/negative impact on, for example, post-conflict national recovery, or assisting the needs of a country recovering from a crisis event (e.g. the Ebola crisis in Liberia, or an earthquake or other natural disaster). ", + "Key Recommendations": "Education interventions in conflict and crisis affected environments need to be subject to interrogation on the basis not of their effects and outcomes on the educational system alone but also on the particular conflict and crisis context within which they are inserted.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://inee.org/sites/default/files/resources/OSF-INEE_PPP-roundtable_framing-paper_Novelli_crisis-contexts.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Chemicals", + "Financial Services", + "Technology" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Engro Foundation", + "Omidyar Network", + "New Enterprise Associates", + "Khosla Ventures", + "Learn Capital", + "Bridge International Academies", + "Walton Family Foundation (Walmart)" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Open Society Foundations" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Education and Social Services", + "Humanitarian Assistance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "For-profit Commercial Entity", + "Financial Institution, Investors, and Intermediaries", + "Formal Sector" + ], + "Year": "2016" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Elizabeth Ohadi", + "Claire Jones", + "Carlos Avila" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Namibia" + ], + "Document ID": "1606-Ohadi-NAM", + "Document Title": "A review of Health Financing in Namibia ", + "Document Summary": "A review of health financing in Namibia (June 2016) report analyzes the elements and variables of Namibia’s existing health financing system, their relationship to the goals of UHC to assess the strengths and challenges of the current system, and where improvements should be considered in the path to UHC. The structure of this report largely followed the framework in WHO’s Guidance on conducting a situation analysis of health financing for universal health coverage. The data used for this report are primarily from publicly available sources. In assessing some elements of the health financing system, comparisons with other upper-middle-income countries in WHO’s Africa region (AFRO) are offered as a means of analysis.\n\nThe report highlights the political commitment to expand health services and develop a health system guided by universality, equity, quality, and efficiency principles. Achieving these goals relies on stable economic growth over the next decade. Namibia’s political commitment, social stability, and economic development create an environment conducive to improving the functioning of the health system, improving the quality of care, improving efficiency, and reducing inequalities in the provision of services. The government is fully committed to reducing disparities in the access and delivery of health services. Also, the report highlights the challenges in ensuring equity in access, adequate health benefits coverage, and financial protection, particularly for the poor, despite the government’s strong commitment to providing universal healthcare facilities to its citizens. \n\nThe report highlights one of the most significant challenges of the health system: its fragmentation and differences in health coverage between those who are covered by PSEMAS, those who can afford private medical aid, and those who have neither. Specifically, an estimated population of 1.79 million, or approximately 81 percent of the Namibian people, remains uncovered by a medical aid fund and thus is reliant on either the public health system for access to health services or must pay out of pocket for private health care. As a result, the distribution of health resources among the population is mainly unequal. While the public and private health sectors in Namibia are well established, and some progress has been made on the establishment of the NMBF, the Government of Namibia still needs to make a final decision on the ultimate structure of the health system, financing mechanisms, pooling of funds, purchasing mechanisms, as well as the population coverage and benefits package. These decisions should aim to achieve the intermediate objectives of health finance policy and the ultimate health system goals.\n", + "Key Findings": "While Namibia’s fiscal capacity is medium to high, the fiscal space available to expand overall government spending is limited.\n\nWhile government spending on health, at 13 percent of all government spending, is still below the Abuja target, it shows a strong government commitment to invest in health.\n\nThe majority of health financing in Namibia is managed through the government, medical aid funds, and other health funds including the SSC Employee Compensation Fund and the MVA Fund.\n\nNamibia’s OOP spending on health has consistently been low, which means there is a limited risk of catastrophic health expenditures despite increases in poverty and relatively low government expenditures on health.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.hfgproject.org/a-review-of-health-financing-in-namibia/", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Health Care" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Health" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2016" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "John D. Willsie", + "Abelardo Rodriguez", + "Hasan Iqbal", + "Nasirul Islam" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Bangladesh" + ], + "Document ID": "1606-Rodri-BGD", + "Document Title": "Final Performance Evaluation: Cold Chain Bangladesh Alliance (CCBA) Final Report", + "Document Summary": "The purpose of the final performance evaluation of Cold Chain Bangladesh Alliance (CCBA) is to assess the extent to which the project has achieved its overall goal: “to establish Bangladesh’s first integrated cold chain to reduce post-harvest (PH) losses and deliver high-value agricultural products to market.” The evaluation will:\n1) Review, analyze, and evaluate the effectiveness of the CCBA project in achieving the program objectives and contributing to USAID/Bangladesh’s efforts to increase agricultural productivity and private sector investment in farming activities and PH management.\n2) Provide specific recommendations and lessons learned on strategies and approaches that USAID/Bangladesh should continue in its other relevant Feed the Future (FtF) activities and in any future cold chain development programs. \n\nThe study used the quantitative Performance Monitoring and Evaluation Plan (PMEP) indicators provided by CCBA in the progress reports submitted to USAID. Still, it relied on qualitative tools or instruments to uncover the nuances of cold chain development. Knowing what works and why will enhance informed managerial decision-making and program development. Through key informant interviews (KIIs) and focus group discussions (FGDs), interviewees received special attention to glean the mechanisms that aided or hindered cold chain development. The study interviewed women involved in backyard gardening. One hundred and twenty-four individuals participated in the KIIs or FGDs; the study conducted nine FGDs and 24 KIIs, with 42 percent women participants. The report analyzed the results of the Data Quality Assessments (DQAs) performed in 2015 and 2016 and their corresponding field reports. The team conducted data collection and analysis systematically by triangulating across stakeholder categories and interview methods (KIIs, FGDs, and on-site observations) to ensure the reliability and validity of the findings. The need to verify Golden Harvest (GH)-related indicators remains an information gap. \n", + "Key Findings": "1. The Team found no evidence of a cold chain in Bangladesh, but did find evidence of a frozen food chain not linked to any of the project’s subsectors (fresh vegetables, poultry, or dairy).\n\n2. The Evaluation Team did not find evidence of economic viability in marketing vegetables through a cold chain system after three years of operating the pilot project.\n\n3. Attempts to leverage private sector investment were unsuccessful.\n\n4. The sustainability of the CCBA intervention faced two major constraints.\n\n5. CCBA incorporated gender in its project interventions on a limited scale.\n\n6. The project included a study document (CCBA 2014f, without authorship, dated April 2014) that was somewhat comprehensive, but it did not assess the demand for fresh vegetables by upscale\nretailers and consumers.", + "Key Recommendations": "1. High-value vegetable producers in the initial Collection Centers established by CCBA as of the end of Year 2 of the project should continue to be assisted by the FtF Bangladesh AVC Program, particularly related to the second component of the CCBA project.\n\n2. Despite the lack of progress in cold chain development in the CCBA project, there must be a continued effort by international donors to encourage cold chain implementation in Bangladesh.\n\n3. USAID should continue to invest in PPPs related to cold chain development for high-value crops in Bangladesh.\n\n4. Critical for the project: the ability to extend the shelf life of HVVs at Collection Centers should be part of a strategy to cope with such external factors.\n\n5. Despite cultural traditions, USAID projects should strive to incorporate women in higher-level positions in agriculture, processing, or the provision of services.\n\n6. Future GDA proposal implementers should research carefully to ensure a complete and common understanding of mutual objectives among all parties.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.researchgate.net/publication/311968295_Final_Performance_Evaluation_Cold_Chain_Bangladesh_Alliance_CCBA", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, and Hunting" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Golden Harvest" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Agriculture and Food Security" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Formal Sector", + "American Business", + "For-profit approach that generates sustainable income", + "Multi-national Business", + "Large Enterprise" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Asia" + ], + "Year": "2016" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "James Statman", + "Richard Rousseau" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Tunisia" + ], + "Document ID": "1606-Statm-TUN", + "Document Title": "Final Performance Evaluation of “Tackling Youth Employment in Tunisia”", + "Document Summary": "The “Tackling Youth Employment in Tunisia” project (Mashrou3i) was implemented to create employment for young Tunisians in four interior governorates: Le Kef, Kairouan, Kasserine, and Sidi Bouzid. USAID support was provided through a Global Development Alliance (GDA) with Hewlett Packard (HP), the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO), and the Government of Italy (GOI). UNIDO implemented the activity in partnership with the HP Foundation and local Tunisian partner organizations. \n\nThe final performance evaluation of the “Tackling Youth Employment Project in Tunisia” was to document and assess the extent to which Mashrou3i successfully created sustainable employment/livelihoods for its target populations. The evaluation drew upon qualitative and quantitative methods to obtain evidence sufficient to support conclusions and recommendations addressing the evaluation questions. These methods included: document review; 41 key informant interviews (KIIs); one focus group discussion (seven participants); four group meetings (17 participants total); one HP-LIFE training observation; and five business site visits. The evaluation team also conducted two online surveys of project participants: (1) an individual and enterprise beneficiary survey (which covered entrepreneurs trained and/or coached by HP-LIFE, start-ups, and existing enterprises that received project services), and (2) an institutional beneficiary survey (which covered SBSs that received capacity building services from Mashrou3i). The individual and enterprise beneficiary survey generated 272 valid responses out of 1,463 participants to whom the survey was sent, constituting a response rate of 18.6 percent. The institutional survey was sent to 23 regional SBS organizations, of which 13 responded, comprising a response rate of 57 percent.\n\nLimitations included security constraints, which prevented the evaluation team from conducting data collection site visits to Le Kef, Kasserine, and Sidi Bouzid. The team was able to complete two site visits to Kairouan. Due to time and budget constraints, the evaluation team could not conduct a statistically significant, random sample survey of individuals and enterprises that received support from Mashrou3i. The evaluation team addressed these limitations by conducting additional KIIs and group meetings in Tunis and Sousse with participants and beneficiaries from all four target regions, utilizing different methods and data sources to address each evaluation question.\n", + "Key Findings": "• Considered in the context of political, social and economic instability during 2014-2015 and the challenges posed by the current security situation, Mashrou3i has made notable progress in generating sustainable employment for youth in the four interior governorates in which it has been implemented, slightly surpassing its target for direct jobs creation and thereby demonstrating the efficacy of its intervention approach.\n\n• The GDA approach, including the Italian Development Cooperation and USAID, and the engagement of an experienced Public International Organization (PIO) as the major implementing partner, leveraged financial resources, human capital, and institutional experience in support of program results; enlisted the extraordinary technical expertise of a major private sector corporation; and demonstrated the value and potential of such a unique multi-donor public-private partnership (PPP) model. \n\n• UNIDO’s cooperation with SBSs has contributed both directly and indirectly to employment creation.\n\n• The evaluation team was able to independently validate a sample of Mashrou3i employment information, and found no evidence of error or misrepresentation of results.\n", + "Key Recommendations": "1. Continue support for job creation in Tunisia’s Interior Regions\n2. Continue to work with HP-LIFE\n3. Work through private business support service providers to provide enterprise development, entrepreneurship, and employment services\n4. Support entrepreneurship development programs that provide coaching by experienced business experts\n5. Reorient Regional Business Centers and API Regional Offices", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.unido.org/sites/default/files/2016-08/LEAP-II_Mashrou3i_Final_Evaluation_Report_6.27.16_0.pdf", + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Youth", + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2016" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Chemonics International" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Bangladesh", + "India", + "Nepal", + "Sri Lanka" + ], + "Document ID": "1607-Chemo-MLT", + "Document Title": "Indo-Pacific Economic Corridor Phase II: Assessment of the Non-Tariff Barriers in South Asia", + "Document Summary": "The United States' economic future is linked to South and Southeast Asia. In 2014, the United States exported more than $100 billion of goods and services to South and Southeast Asia: about 7 percent of its imports (valued at 179 billion dollars) came from these regions. The United States is committed to increasing its economic relationship with South and Southeast Asia and ensuring that benefits are broadly shared. This shared prosperity is founded on sustainable, inclusive growth, which cannot happen without increased trade, investment, and regional integration. This study is conducted to support the United States' vision of an Indo-Pacific Economic Corridor that bridges South and Southeast Asia to promote regional stability and economic prosperity. Accordingly, this study confirms Phase I findings. It develops a prioritized action plan for addressing critical non-tariff barriers (NTBs) that prevent or impede intra-regional trade and investment in South Asia and that the U.S. government has a comparative advantage in helping to address. This report summarizes the diagnostics and recommendations of the IPEC Phase II effort. In addition, IPEC Phase II explores the feasibility of a borderless alliance for facilitating public-private dialogue and advancing reform efforts that would deepen South Asia's regional integration. \n\nThe report provides a synopsis of the strategic direction for South Asia trade and regional trade performance and potential. A comprehensive review of NTBs and the shortlist to be addressed by USAID programming is covered in the report. It also discusses the potential impact of reforming the shortlist of NTBs. The report reviews the customs and trade facilitation challenges that need to be addressed in South Asia to improve the transactions environment and increase supply chain efficiency. The report evaluates the existing public-private dialogue mechanisms in South Asian countries. It concludes with recommendations and a comprehensive activity matrix to leverage USAID programming to meet the stated objectives.\n", + "Key Findings": "The shortlist of NTBs also draws significant donor interest and public sector buy-in.\n\nWith regard to donor support, the Asian Development Bank (ADB) supported the South Asia Sub-regional Economic Cooperation (SASEC) to establish a regional SPS working group under the SASEC Trade and Transport Committee by the end of 2016.\n\nThe current public-private dialogue architecture to resolve regional NTBs in South Asia is weak.", + "Key Recommendations": "There should be a two-tiered strategy to address NTBs. First, facilitate a supporting mechanism (or architecture) for NTB reporting, monitoring, and advocacy, currently weak in South Asia. Second, identify specific interventions to address the high-priority NTBs identified in report.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.state.gov/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/INDO-PACIFIC-ECONOMIC-CORRIDOR.pdf", + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Ability to Influence Policy", + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships", + "Reputation and Credible Convening Power" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth", + "Conflict" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Asia" + ], + "Year": "2016" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Matt Kukla" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Cambodia" + ], + "Document ID": "1607-Kukla-KHM", + "Document Title": "HFG Rapid Assessment of TB Payment and PFM Systems in Cambodia: Lessons Learned and Policy Implications ", + "Document Summary": "Cambodia was the subject of one of several country case studies linking strategic TB purchasing with improved efficiency and better outcomes. In May/June 2016, HFG conducted a brief but in-depth assessment of health purchasing/provider payment and PFM systems in Cambodia to identify rigidities and barriers with a twofold purpose. First, to synthesize information on PFM barriers and provider payment bottlenecks. Second, to make recommendations for removing barriers and bottlenecks. Data for this assessment were collected from key informant interviews, analysis of policy documents, and using data from secondary sources. Key informant interviews were conducted with the MoH (DPHI and CENAT) and development partners. Public providers' data were gathered to understand how issues associated with TB financing impact TB service delivery. Policy documents included\n1) guidelines and circulars published by the government\n2) assessments conducted by development partners\n3) peer-reviewed journal articles related to TB purchasing in Cambodia\n\nSecondary data sources had TB and health expenditure data published in National Health Accounts reports and publicly available data from the World Health Organization and World Bank. A review of TB pooling and funding flows in the report highlights that risk pooling constitutes one of the three health financing functions. It refers to the consolidation of pre-paid funds by individuals; that is, funds that are pooled before the point of service and ultimately used to purchase health services on behalf of the enrolled or covered population. There are several standard modes of risk pooling for health:\n1) social health insurance\n2) private health insurance\n3) public financing (via general tax revenues) at national or locals levels\n4) community-based health insurance\n\nThe absence of private sector engagement and fragmented risk pooling will likely have three effects on health system performance related to TB in three different ways:\n1) These issues could lead to conflicting provider incentives that accentuate inequities in access to and utilization of TB services. They may already be driving variation in case detection and treatment success rates\n2) If upcoming social health protection reforms result in multiple insurers that cover TB and are not coordinated, inefficiencies in TB spending would almost certainly be created\n3) They probably contribute to the growing share of out-of-pocket TB care costs, which can limit financial risk protection\n", + "Key Findings": "• HFG learned from URC and DPHI about: \na. The benefits and limitations of the Health Equity Funds’ (HEFs’) existing provider payment system as it pertains to primary, outpatient, and inpatient services. \nb. Gaps in TB service delivery that HEFs are currently targeting or would like to. \nc. Improvements that HEFs are making in TB service delivery, and mechanisms by which public providers are being incentivized to make these improvements.\n\n• HFG assessed whether and to what extent\n a. There is potential to refine the HEFs’ provider payment system. \nb. Improvements in the HEFs’ provider payment mechanisms are needed to coordinate and align incentives among contracted public providers. \nc. There is potential to improve the HEFs’ information and operating systems (PMRS) which, through the collection of patient/provider data, are used to purchase TB services.\n", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00M8BV.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Health Care" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Flexibility and Pace" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Health" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Asia" + ], + "Year": "2016" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Amos Wekesa", + "John Recha", + "Annet Ssempala", + "Pauline Nantongo Kalunda", + "Moses Masiga", + "Lillian Kiguli", + "Martha Kapukha", + "Krista Heiner", + "Seth Shames" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Uganda", + "Kenya" + ], + "Document ID": "1607-SHAME-MLT-pr ", + "Document Title": "Building local institutional capacity to implement agricultural carbon projects: participatory action research with Vi Agroforestry in Kenya and ECOTRUST in Uganda", + "Document Summary": "This case study looks at projects in Kenya and Uganda that implement agricultural carbon projects by building local institutional capacity. The studies found: \"community-based intermediaries can play a leading role in land management trainings; local government involvement is critical to project success; local non-governmental organizations and businesses can play central roles in training and providing market incentives to farmers to implement sustainable practices; and women’s roles in projects can grow if project benefits are aligned with their needs and training area made more accessible.\" There is a big market for these projects and the article recommends that it may be easier to find ways to integrate carbon financing with support for climate change adaptation, rural development, and ecosystem services provision.", + "Key Findings": "Results are presented as case studies which include project context, roles of local project actors, actions selected, and the outcomes of the actions on the key actors targeted. The actions focused on building the capacities of community-based intermediaries, facilitating partnerships with local government and local non-governmental organizations, and supporting a more active role played by women. Key findings from this process were that community-based intermediaries can play a leading role in land management trainings; local government involvement is\ncritical to project success; local non-governmental organizations and businesses can play central roles in training and providing market incentives to farmers to implement sustainable practices; and women’s roles in projects can grow if project benefits are aligned with their needs and trainings are made more accessible.", + "Key Recommendations": "These cases demonstrate that there is substantial scope for the responsibilities within agricultural carbon projects, and by extension climate-smart agriculture initiatives more broadly, to be institutionalized at the local level. However, regardless of the institutional setup, due to carbon market factors beyond the control of these projects, the financial case for smallholder projects that rely solely on financing from carbon credits remains challenging to these projects and others like them. As programmatic and policy-led approaches grow from these project models, it may be easier to find ways to integrate carbon financing with support for climate change adaptation, rural development, and ecosystem services provision. With these new models, the ability to institutionalize management and implementation capacity at the local level will remain critically important.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://agricultureandfoodsecurity.biomedcentral.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s40066-016-0060-x.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, and Hunting", + "Biotechnology" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Vi Agroforestry", + "ECOTRUST" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Ability to Influence Policy" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Agriculture Food and Security" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Agriculture and Food Security" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Formal Sector", + "Local Business" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2016" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Souleymane Barry", + "Sue Upton", + "Aissatou Mbaye" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Senegal" + ], + "Document ID": "1607-USAID-SEN", + "Document Title": "Live, Learn and Play Final Performance Evaluation", + "Document Summary": "This final evaluation report aims to inform USAID and other stakeholders about the performance of the Live, Learn, and Play (LLP) pilot activity after two years of implementation in Senegal and South Africa. This unique public-private partnership (PPP) between the U.S. National Basketball Association (NBA) and USAID/Washington offers substantial opportunities for examination in terms of lessons learned — not only for \"sport for development\" programs but also for PPPs and issues of sustainability. \n\nThis evaluation uses a mix of quantitative and qualitative data collection tools to address the evaluation questions. Following an initial desk review of project documents, fieldwork spanned three weeks visiting 16 schools and four basketball clubs in the project sites. A quantitative survey gathered responses from 499 youths (86.6 percent) in LLP-affiliated schools. Given the limited information on the child's literacy levels in the LLP clubs, the evaluation team did not survey club members. In place of the survey, focus groups were held with LLP club members. The FGDs were conducted with youth parents. In addition to the many youths surveyed to determine their impressions of change over LLP, the evaluation team also asked parents and school staff about changes they have seen in youth who participated in the project. Focus groups and interviews included parents, LLP coaches, school directors, and staff. Individual interviews took place with John Snow Inc. (JSI) and Sports for Education and Economic Development (SEED) staff and key. The government of Senegal's stakeholders includes the Ministry of National Education (MEN), the Ministry of Sport, and the National Senior Institute for Physical Education and Sport. The main limitation of this evaluation is that the survey focused on project schools, resulting in a need for more quantitative data on club-based youth.\n", + "Key Findings": "The majority of LLP youth responding to the survey consistently described positive changes in their behavior and their motivation to maintain good grades in school.\n\nParents, other family members, school staff and coaches said that they noticed LLP participants being healthier, calmer, more helpful, more self-confident and better able to express themselves.\n\nSEED has trained three categories of LLP coaches (SEED professional coaches, schools physical education teachers and teachers in training at INSEPS). All of them report benefits from participating in the project.\n", + "Key Recommendations": "1. Create a detailed transition plan and budget for SEED to coordinate LLP in partnership with members of the Technical Support Group, particularly the Government of Senegal.\n2. Provide a regular opportunity for coaches to meet.\n3. Encourage schools and clubs to provide opportunities for parents to be more involved in LLP activities.\n4. Widen the circle of core partners with Senegalese private sector companies that would have interest in underwriting LLP activities.\n5. Encourage schools and clubs to involve local government in LLP activities.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.jsi.com/JSIInternet/Inc/Common/_download_pub.cfm?id=18028&lid=3", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Arts and entertainment" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "National Basketball Association (NBA)" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Reputation and Credible Convening Power", + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Education and Social Services" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "For-profit approach that generates sustainable income", + "Large Enterprise", + "Formal Sector", + "American Business", + "Multi-national Business" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2016" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Water & Sanitation for the Urban Poor (WSUP)" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Ghana" + ], + "Document ID": "1607-WSUP-GHA", + "Document Title": "A toilet in every compound: improving access to compound sanitation in Kumasi and Ga West", + "Document Summary": "This publication is produced by WSUP, a tri-sector partnership between the private sector, civil society and academia with the objective of addressing the increasing global problem of inadequate access to water and sanitation for the urban poor and the attainment of the Sustainable Development Goal targets, particularly those relating to water and sanitation. \n\nIn the low-income communities of Kumasi and Ga West (Accra), over half the population lives in compounds without access to an in-house toilet. This brief note details Water & Sanitation for Urban Poor (WSUP) 's support to Kumasi Metropolitan Assembly (KMA) and Ga West Municipality of Ghana in developing a five-year Compound Sanitation Strategy. \n\nThe note sheds light on the three pillars of compound sanitation strategy: mobilizing municipal finance for sanitation, building the supply side of private sector suppliers and financiers, and empowering the bottom of the pyramid. A significant pillar of the strategy is that each municipality increases investment in activities promoting compound sanitation. To encourage this process, WSUP supports KMA and GWMA in mobilizing Internally Generated Funds (IGFs). The number of compound toilets in Kumasi and Ga West will only increase if the local private sector regards low-income consumers as a viable market and delivers products that consumers in this market segment actively desire. WSUP has engaged manufacturers, distributors, and local artisans to address the current disconnect between suppliers and consumers: Biofilcom (manufacturer of the Biofilm toilet), EnviroLoo, Duraplast (manufacturer of prefabricated septic tanks), and Clean Team are all offering solid products and services to the market, with the municipalities ensuring the quality of the installation of their products. Women, children, and people with disabilities are the most affected by inadequate water and sanitation facilities in Kumasi and Ga West — across the continent — and these groups have a minor influence over a household's decision to invest in a toilet. The WSUP is promoting the representatives of these groups to be included in all committees involved in the strategy, except at the highest level of the Compound Sanitation Steering Committee. \n\nThe report highlights that the compound sanitation strategy is still in the early stages of trial and adaptation in both Kumasi and Ga West. In each location, the strategy represents the most challenging and long-term component of a broader program to improve sanitation, including improvements to public toilets as an interim measure while the strategy gains traction. Complex tenancy arrangements, limited investment in low-income housing, and high population growth add to the challenges. By seeking to engage all stakeholders involved in this issue, a comprehensive strategy is created, which explicitly targets bottom-of-the-pyramid consumers and those most often marginalized in the decision-making process for getting a toilet. With the commitment to improved budgetary support for sanitation service delivery, it is envisaged that KMA and GWMA will be positioned in time to implement the strategy with minimal external stakeholder involvement. The goal is to develop a refined model that could be replicated in other Ghanaian cities and adopted nationally by the Environmental Health and Sanitation Directorate at the ministry level.", + "Key Findings": "The compound sanitation strategy is still in the early stages of trial and adaptation in both Kumasi and Ga West. In each location the strategy represents the most challenging and long-term component of a wider program to improve sanitation, including improvements to public toilets as an interim measure while the strategy gains traction. Complex tenancy arrangements, limited investment in low-income housing and high population growth only add to the challenges. By seeking to engage all stakeholders involved in this issue, a comprehensive strategy has been created; one which explicitly targets bottom-of-the-pyramid consumers and those most often marginalized in the decision-making process for getting a toilet. Having committed to improved budgetary support to sanitation service delivery, it is envisaged that KMA and GWMA will be positioned in time to implement the strategy with minimal external stakeholder involvement. The ultimate goal is to develop a refined model that could be replicated in other Ghanaian cities and adopted nationally by the Environmental Health and Sanitation Directorate at the ministry level.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.wsup.com/content/uploads/2017/08/PN026-A-toilet-in-every-compound-improving-access-to-compound-sanitation-in-Kumasi-and-Ga-WestOLD-BRANDING.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Financial Services", + "Processing & Manufacturing" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Biofilcom", + "EnviroLoo", + "Duraplast", + "Clean Team" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Efficiency and Effectiveness", + "Flexibility and Pace" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships", + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Water & Sanitation for the Urban Poor (WSUP)" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Health" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Financial Institution, Investors, and Intermediaries", + "Local Business", + "Multi-national Business", + "For-profit approach that generates sustainable income", + "Formal Sector" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2016" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Ademola A. Adenle" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Singapore", + "Indonesia", + "Thailand", + "Malaysia", + "China", + "Peru", + "Argentina", + "Korea (South)", + "Ghana", + "Kenya", + "South Africa", + "Senegal", + "Canada", + "United States", + "United Kingdom", + "Denmark", + "Australia", + "Nigeria", + "Mozambique" + ], + "Document ID": "1608-Adenl-MLT-pr", + "Document Title": "Building the African economy: Is President Obama’s entrepreneurial public management program sustainable in Africa?", + "Document Summary": "This study analyzes the strengths and weaknesses of President Obama’s YALI program. The study argues that stakeholders appreciate the potential benefits of entrepreneurship and public management programs. Yet, the study also identifies some of the fundamental challenges that may hinder the successful implementation of the program in Africa, offering insight into how YALI can be integrated better into government policy on entrepreneurship programs. As observed in this study, the gap between theory and practice may be primarily attributed to different priorities regarding US foreign policy and national government policy regarding entrepreneurial public management. For example, the lack of clarity in connecting the objectives of the YALI entrepreneurship program to government programs could be due to internal barriers, including weak government policy in Africa. The results of this finding underscore the need for sound and clear-cut government policies toward entrepreneurship development that will foster better relationships between African governments and the YALI program/USAID. ", + "Key Findings": "The study provides insight into the importance of the YALI program, but questions whether it can make a positive impact and be effectively implemented in Africa. The findings suggest that there is lack of clarity in the objectives of the program, particularly with regards to the role of the key stakeholders including academics, government institutions, policymakers and the private sector. The results underscore the need for sound and clear-cut government policies toward entrepreneurship development that will foster a better relationship between the African governments and the United States Agency for International Development program.", + "Key Recommendations": "•Encourage entrepreneurship training and education for youth and women: Government policy that targets entrepreneurship training and education for youth and women should be encouraged in Africa. Specifically, developing a specialized program on informal entrepreneurship that is integrated into the curriculum and funding a program for African entrepreneurship trainers should be the focus of the policy.\n•Integrate a participatory approach into multi-stakeholder partnership: The majority of the respondents emphasized that a participatory approach through multi-stakeholder partnership for entrepreneurship development should be encouraged.\n•Adopt the triple helix concept to strengthen stakeholder partnership: Building on the issue of stakeholder partnership, the triple helix concept can play an important role in the implementation of the YALI program.\n•Learn from emerging economies: Government partnership with the transition or emerging economies for entrepreneurship development should be given more priority in Africa, as advocated by some respondents.", + "Internet URL of Document": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/JEPP-12-2015-0036", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Financial Services", + "Business Services" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Equity Bank" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Ability to Influence Policy", + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments", + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Journal of Entrepreneurship and Public Policy" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Youth" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Economic Growth", + "Education and Social Services" + ], + "Type of Document": "Peer-reviewed article or other research report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Informal Sector", + "Formal Sector", + "Financial Institution, Investors, and Intermediaries" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa", + "Asia", + "Latin America and the Carribean", + "Europe and Eurasia" + ], + "Year": "2016" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Zahidah Afrin Nisa" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Saint Vincent and the Grenadines", + "Grenada" + ], + "Document ID": "1608-Afrin-MLT", + "Document Title": "Caribbean Marine Biodiversity Program (CMBP): Transboundary Fisheries Assessment for the Grenadine Bank Seascape", + "Document Summary": "The Rapid Fisheries Sector Assessment (RFSA) report details the current situation, gaps or barriers to progress, and opportunities to support the development of sustainable fisheries in the Grenadines Bank Seascape during the three-year (2016–2019) project phase. The focus of this report is to provide a transboundary rapid fisheries sector assessment (RFSA) of the Grenadine Bank Seascape. This report examines the fisheries sector of both countries individually, as well as existing transboundary activity and national provisions for transboundary management. SVG and Grenada have Fisheries & Aquaculture Policy and Action Plans, whose findings are used as a basis for this report. These national Fisheries & Aquaculture Policies and Action Plans (based on the precautionary approach) were formulated through extensive stakeholder consultations and outline national advancements in transitioning toward sustainable fisheries. To avoid duplication of effort, the scope of this Grenadine Bank RFSA was revised to a synthesis review that incorporates these existing national policies and action plans. However, as these action plans are state-based, not transboundary, this report also examines these policies, laws, and action plans to identify provisions (opportunities and gaps/barriers) for effective co-management of MPAs, through transboundary sustainable fisheries management.\n\nThis report supports the USAID Caribbean Marine Biodiversity Program (CMBP), a regional project whose aim is to achieve sustained biodiversity conservation, maintain critical ecosystem services, and realize tangible improvements in human well-being for communities in and adjacent to marine-managed areas (MMAs). This report is aligned with Expected Result 3 of the CMBP project: “More sustainable fisheries sector by maximizing fishery benefits of MMAs, promoting innovative fishery management actions, and sustainable livelihoods.” CMBP’s performance indicators measure the expected result of the project. The #7 indicator is the main focus of this RFDA: “the number of fisherfolk with tangible and/or perceived increases in economic benefits derived from improved natural resource management and conservation as a result of USG assistance (cumulative).” The report also addresses indicators #6, “the number of hectares of biological significance and/or natural resources under improved management,” and #8, “the number of fishers who have applied new fisheries technologies or management practices.”\n\nThis report will support the development of the Fisheries Sector Action Plan (FSAP) for the Grenadine Bank Seascape, ensuring that it is consistent and aligned with national and regional adopted fisheries sector reforms for country buy-in. The FSAP3 output will enable the Nature Conservancy (TNC) Caribbean Marine Biodiversity team to set science and evidence-based priorities for financial resource allocation toward sustainable fisheries demonstration activities in the Grenadines Bank Seascape during the project phase (2–5 years).\n", + "Key Findings": "Governance: Governance of marine resources in the Grenadine Bank needs to be addressed at both the national and transboundary level. Governance includes regional and national policy, national legal and regulatory frameworks, local governance, and the influence of the different types of capital described in the\nRFSA.\n\nMarine ecosystem health and fisheries resources: Though neither country has a national fisheries management plan, or a transboundary management plan, operationalizing and strengthening fisher organizations to inform management can inform and support future management planning by the respective governments.\n\nSustainable fisheries-based livelihoods: Small-scale fishers lack training, equipment, and basic access to credit, which limits their livelihoods, business growth, and implementation of sustainable fishing practices.", + "Key Recommendations": "Governance: Transboundary resources management requires both SVG and Grenada to work together to ensure sustainability. This will entail establishing a joint national fisheries committee of informed fisher organizations to outline a way forward, with strengthened capacity to implement actions.\n\nMarine ecosystem health and fisheries resources: data are needed on current fish landing, exports, and fish stock sustainable yield to inform decision-making. Data collection systems that meet Fisheries Division standards should be established for the Grenadines.\n\nSustainable fisheries-based livelihoods: Project training, equipment, labeling, and marketing will further increase post harvest quality standards and available niche markets.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00MXSQ.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, and Hunting" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships", + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "The Nature Conservancy", + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Conflict" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Environment/Climate Change" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Latin America and the Carribean" + ], + "Year": "2016" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Constance Carrino", + "Esperanza A. Icasas-Cabral", + "Fabio Luelmo", + "Eleanora de Guzman", + "Victor E. Agbayani", + "Elma Laguna" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Philippines" + ], + "Document ID": "1608-Carri-PHL", + "Document Title": "USAID/Philippines Health Portfolio Evaluation", + "Document Summary": "The U.S. Agency for International Development in the Philippines (USAID/Philippines) contracted for an independent team of health and policy experts to conduct a portfolio-wide evaluation of its assistance in health. The assessment comes as USAID begins to develop its strategy for future engagement in the health sector in the Philippines. The review covers projects in maternal and neonatal health, child health and nutrition, family planning (MNCHN/FP), infectious diseases (ID), multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB), and crosscutting projects in policy, governance, and communication.\n\nThis evaluation began with a document, data, literature review, and briefings from the USAID cooperating agencies implementing the projects that comprise the portfolio. The evaluation team held interviews and focus group discussions (FGDs) with clients and health, the government, and donor stakeholders at the national, regional, and local levels. It asked USAID cooperating agencies to answer a few questions in writing. Discussions were held in Metro Manila with various parts of the Department of Health (DOH), donor representatives at headquarters, and health experts. Evaluation team members attended key policy, TB, and communication meetings held during the evaluation. They conducted field visits in the project area, where they interviewed representatives of local government units (LGUs), the DOH, the Philippine Health Insurance Corp. (PhilHealth), the Commission on Population (PopCom), private facilities, private practitioners, and donors representatives in the field. The team held FGDs with young women who were:\n1) FP acceptors\n2) women of reproductive age who are not FP acceptors\n3) husbands who received reproductive health counseling\n4) community health workers involved in TB\n\nOpen-ended discussions were held with medical health officers, nurses, midwives, and community health workers. Instruments for interviews, FGDs, and group discussions were used in the field. The evaluators visited facilities and reviewed service delivery data. Project cooperating agencies provided answers to questions asking what was and was not working in the portfolio, and projects were asked to characterize USAID’s comparative advantages. The evaluation team reviewed findings regularly and held team discussions concerning the policy context and challenges facing the health system. Four hundred sixty-six respondents provided input, including 194 individuals who participated in 28 FGDs.\n", + "Key Findings": "DOH systems strengthening in data, supply chain and training: Given the enhanced policy and budgetary environment the DOH enjoys the gaps evident in the public sector supply chain, data management and utilization system, and the DOH’s ability to reach LGUs with technical systems and leadership training, this would be an opportune time to reposition USAID’s portfolio from being an extension of DOH services and training to one that partners with the DOH to strengthen government systems and develop the systems needed to contract out for technical services. \n\nPhilHealth: PhilHealth is an integral part of moving toward universal health care (UHC) in the Philippines. USAID has enabled facilities and individuals to enter the PhilHealth system, and despite policies aimed at meeting the needs of the poor and an exemplary showing, PhilHealth experience in moving social insurance to clients in a decentralized health system demonstrates a need for better clarity and evidence-based expansion of the packages. Policy development: The University of the Philippines Economic Foundation (UPecon) and others have helped developed laws and guidance and conducted studies on a wide range of topics, the Zuellig Family Foundation (ZFF) program has raised awareness and skills among LGU leaders to address health issues and track progress, and both the ID and MNCHN/FP projects have contributed to policy development.\n\n", + "Key Recommendations": "DOH systems strengthening in data, supply chain and training: Work on these initiatives will require development of or improvements in DOH procurement mechanisms to engage third party technical assistance and training.\n\nPhilHealth: USAID is well positioned to explore a direct working partnerships with PhilHealth at both the national and regional levels, focused on increasing access to quality MNCHN/FP and ID packages, and better linking of PhilHealth and providers at regional and local levels.\n\nPolicy development: Recommended policy activities for the future include: capacitating the DOH’s Health Policy Development and Planning Bureau; improving the flow of information about government policies (especially those of PhilHealth); tapping CSOs, the media and other institutions to improve accountability of government or as a watchdog for the private sector; and a plan for policy analysis for specific audiences that addresses timely issues, based on USAID’s experience at the national and regional levels, such as health services and rights of minors, women’s health as a human right, and role of medicines in UHC.\n", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Health Care" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;", + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth", + "Conflict" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Health" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Asia" + ], + "Year": "2016" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Avery Ouellette" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "1608-Ouelle-GLO", + "Document Title": "USAID's partnership health: 5 lessons from the private sector", + "Document Summary": "At the U.S. Agency for International Development, we “partner to end extreme poverty.” Our recent research suggests that improving relationships with our private sector partners can also improve performance and development impact. To better understand what aspects of this relationship with these partners drive development results, USAID conducted a study with Dalberg Global Development Advisors in which the study surveyed both USAID and private sector leaders of 100 of its active partnerships in 2014. The study identified five key findings about why relationship health is essential to the success of USAID’s partnerships, what factors are most important during different partnership stages, and how these factors influence and support relationship health. Finally, the report highlights that the partners who feel they have misaligned expectations — that decisions are not being made fairly or resources are not being invested proportionally — should hold those tough conversations early in the process and build partnership pathways that outline how collaboration can and should evolve. This establishes trust and sets the tone for the partnership’s success.\n\n", + "Key Findings": "1. Healthy relationships improve performance.\n\n2. Early-stage partnerships need alignment and commitment, while implementation requires trust.\n\n3. Strategic partnerships rely on trust, while shared value partnerships need alignment.\n\n4. Established norms, and proactive communication support relationship health.\n\n5. Addressing partnership pain points is critical to success. \n", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.devex.com/news/usaid-s-partnership-health-5-lessons-from-the-private-sector-88565", + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Devex" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Democracy, Human Rights, & Governance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2016" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Shamika Ravi", + "Adie Tomer", + "Joseph Kane", + "Ankit Bhatia" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "India" + ], + "Document ID": "1608-Shami-IND-pr", + "Document Title": "Building Smart Cities in India: Allahabad, Ajmer and Visakhapatnam", + "Document Summary": "Considering the early stages of the national initiative, this report is critical to inform and guide future strategies and collaborations. Using three cities—Ajmer, Allahabad, and Visakhapatnam, the report highlights governance challenges, infrastructure gaps, institutional arrangements, and financial tools that policymakers must consider to reach their local ambitions. The report offers a series of distinct policy recommendations to help Indian cities design intelligent city plans, improve their implementation, and build their economies. ", + "Key Findings": "As India continues to experience rapid urban expansion, public and private leaders at a national, state, and local level are looking into ways to better manage larger populations and unlock greater economic potential. Launched under Prime Minister Narendra Modi in 2015, the Smart Cities Mission is an ambitious multiyear effort to boost economic development, technological innovation, and sustainable growth across 100 cities. Learning from previous national urbanization initiatives, the Smart Cities Mission promises to simultaneously improve the infrastructure and built environment in Indias expanding cities while offering a new path to urban fiscal health. If successful, Indian cities will position themselves as clean, modern, and competitive places for years to come.", + "Key Recommendations": "Fortunately, a series of distinct policy recommendations can help Indian cities design smart cities plans, improve their implementation, and build their economies.\n\nFirst, India must focus on creating more customized solutions as part of its Smart Cities Mission, which should be shaped according to local infrastructure priorities and institutional capabilities.\n\nSecond, India must look to improve government capabilities at all levels to accelerate future urban development efforts.\n\nThird, India must elevate the financial standing of its urban areas, making them more attractive destinations for future investment.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/metro_20160818_indiasmartcitiesreport.pdf", + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Risk-Mitigation and Flexible Authorities" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Brookings" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "White Paper/Think Tank Report", + "USAID Region": [ + "Asia" + ], + "Year": "2016" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Lee H. Babcock", + "Chris Statham", + "Nils Junge" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Malawi" + ], + "Document ID": "1609-Babco-MWI", + "Document Title": "Performance Evaluation of the USAID/Malawi Feed the Future Mobile Money Project", + "Document Summary": "This report is a performance evaluation of the Feed the Future Malawi Mobile Money activity, more popularly known as the Mobile Money Accelerator Project (MMAP), funded by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) Mission in Malawi. According to the Statement of Work (SOW) for this assignment, the purpose of the evaluation was to \"assess MMAP in the three key intermediate results (IRs): 1) Demand for mobile money increased; 2) Mobile money infrastructure systems strengthened, and 3) Legal and regulatory framework to enable mobile money strengthened.\" This report answers a set of pre-determined questions for USAID/Malawi better to understand the impact of MMAP on intended beneficiaries. The evaluation focused primarily on the MMAP Results Framework and its three Intermediate Results (IRs). In general, these results concern the extent to which MMAP implemented its program, its impact on mobile money (MM) uptake, and whether or not MM uptake would have increased without MMAP's program scope. There were additional assessments regarding partnership and pilot activities (PPAs) and how MMAP fits into the Missions Strategic Focus (MSF). USAID/Malawi can use the findings and conclusions reached by the ET to design future interventions in the field of digital payments.\n\nTo assess MMAP, the evaluation team (ET) was tasked to conduct a performance and not an impact evaluation, which would have looked at specific impacts and outcomes. The performance evaluation compared the project's objectives to the accomplishments, performance issues, and constraints in the implementation to identify results and lessons learned. The methodology that was adopted by the assessment relied primarily on a qualitative, rather than quantitative, approach which was considered an effective way of understanding the performance of a complex and multi-component program like MMAP with its broad scope (demand, supply, and regulation) and multiple stakeholders. To this end, key informant interviews (KIIs) representing 34 organizations were conducted with 69 individuals. To accommodate the broad spectrum of KIs, the study designed questionnaires for the five categories of KIs: private sector, mobile financial services providers, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), donors, and government officials. \n\nIn addition, the study conducted FGDs with MMAP pilot beneficiaries and participants to obtain their insights and perspectives concerning factors that may be impacting demand for MM. FGDs were conducted with e-voucher farmers and agro-dealers, farmers from the National Smallholder Farmers Association of Malawi (NASFAM), Agriculture Commodity Exchange (ACE) traders and farmers, CARE village savings and loan association (VSLA) agents and members, Project Concern International (PCI) employees, farmers, and beneficiaries, Save the Children (STC) social cash transfer recipients, Research Triangle Institute (RTI) teachers, savings and credit cooperative (SACCO), microfinance institution (MFI) members, and the general public.\n", + "Key Findings": "• On the demand side Mobile Money Accelerator Program (MMAP) stimulated awareness and MM uptake based on the fact that training of MMAP pilot users (farmers, agents, VSLA, social cash transfer recipients, etc.) enabled people to have a much better understanding of the features and benefits of MM.\n\n• On the supply and regulatory sides MMAP was less conclusive. On the regulatory/legislative front MMAP was a key informant for the Reserve Bank of Malawi (RBM) but had no impact on the intractable Parliamentary process. \n\n• In addition, USAID’s Malawi FtF Strategy (May 2011) was not informed by the USAID Financial Sector Knowledge Sharing Mobile Money National Action Plan (November 2011), which explains the absence of MM in the FtF Strategy.\n\n• During the lifespan of MMAP up to March 31, 2016 there has been significant growth of MM in Malawi. Transaction volume doubled over the same base number of agents.", + "Key Recommendations": "• There is need for direct technical assistance to institutionalize sustainable change as compared to how MMAP defined technical assistance\n• Successful MM implementation must begin internally with management and staff who understand the business case for their organization and adopt m-wallets themselves before they try to convince farmers and other beneficiaries to use the same product/service", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00M8QJ.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Financial Services" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Telekom Networks Malawi", + "FHI 360", + "Airtel" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Risk-Mitigation and Flexible Authorities", + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "For-profit Commercial Entity" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2016" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Dalberg" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "1609-Dalbe-GLO", + "Document Title": "The Value of STIP Public Good Investments: An Assessment of the USAID Global Development Lab's STIP Public Good Investments", + "Document Summary": "The value of Science, Technology, Innovation, and Partnerships (STIP) public suitable investments an assessment of the USAID Global Development Lab’s STIP public suitable investments report supports the notion that USAID STIP investments have a positive effect on development outcomes, despite the paucity of data availability. This study did not analytically investigate the relative return on investment of public-good investments vs. direct investments, nor did it measure the causal impact of the Lab’s investments on development outcomes. The anecdotal evidence we gathered suggested that USAID's leadership and ability to \"crowd in\" future financial and human resources gives it a comparative advantage compared to other development actors.\n\nThis study ran statistical analyses to quantitatively investigate the relationship between investments in STIP public goods and development outcomes. The study complemented the regression analyses with qualitative research to understand the role played by USAID in each of the investments. Because the Lab invests in a wealth of projects and programs, with varying investment models and a broad set of development outcomes, conducting these analyses for the Lab’s overall portfolio of STIP public good investments would be methodologically and practically difficult. The report, therefore, focuses on three case studies, which are representative of the different strategies the Lab uses to invest in STIP public goods and a series of supplementary analyses. Based on these analyses, the report draws out lessons that can be applied to future Lab investments. The assessment did not attempt to understand USAID’s return on investment versus other investments. Doing so was beyond the scope of this work and would require significantly greater data collection. \n\nThe report highlights that the general paucity of data and lack of randomized control trials when making public goods investments can make it challenging to know what specific role a public good plays in a development outcome. In addition, the benefits of public goods often accrue over time, creating a time lag before outcomes can accurately be measured. In addition, the implementation process for suitable public investments (e.g., building a road or creating a broadband network) is often lengthy, and it takes time for the end beneficiaries to reap these benefits. This implies that evaluators must allow a significant period to pass to properly understand the impact of good public investment on development outcomes.\n", + "Key Findings": "This study supports the notion that USAID STIP investments have a positive effect on development outcomes, despite the paucity of data availability. This study did not analytically investigate the relative return on investment of public-good investments vs. direct investments, nor did it measure the causal impact of the Lab’s investments on development outcomes. That said, the anecdotal evidence that we gathered suggested that USAID's leadership and ability to \"crowd in\" further financial and human resources gives it a particular comparative advantage compared to other development actors.", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Telecommunications" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Incomnet" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Local Business" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2016" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Mirian Gonçalves", + "Fabiana Lima", + "Marino Eyerkaufer" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Brazil", + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "1609-EYERK-GLO", + "Document Title": "Public and Private Partnership in Disaster Risk Management ", + "Document Summary": "Private and public partnerships are defended by both guidelines for action and legal frameworks for disaster risk management. The objective of this study is to identify a framework for action that allows joint collaborative partnership between these sectors. The theoretical discussion brings concepts that raise questions that permeate the possibility of partnership based on the new Sendai framework, as well as corporate social responsibility in the value,\nbalance and accountability (VBA) integrative model. The presented framework is compared to the experience of the tornado which occurred in Brazil in the city of Xanxerê (Santa Catarina) in 2015.", + "Key Findings": "On the one hand, private and public partnerships advance results from paradigm shifts in both sector, with the development of management mechanisms that clearly define roles and responsibilities of those involved. On the other hand, they enhance motivation for responsible business conduct. ", + "Key Recommendations": "The authors propose a framework for action for the implementation of Public-Private Partnership in Disaster Risk Management (DRM). Public organizations are responsible for social security, for which they must follow humanitarian principles for DRM. With regard to private organizations, they can collaborate through activities that are motivated by Corporate Social Responsibility. ", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6014036/", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Business Services", + "Other" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Risk-Mitigation and Flexible Authorities" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Journal of Disaster Risk Studies" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Humanitarian Assistance" + ], + "Type of Document": "White Paper/Think Tank Report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Business Association or Cooperative" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2016" + }, + { + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global", + "Philippines", + "Jordan", + "Iraq", + "Ukraine" + ], + "Document ID": "1609-FRANC-MLT", + "Document Title": "Children in Humanitarian Crises: What Business Can Do", + "Document Summary": "Children in Humanitarian Crises: What Business Can Do builds on existing frameworks such as the UN Global Compact’s Ten Principles, the Business for Peace initiative and the Children’s Rights and Business Principles. While presenting opportunities to advance the Sustainable Development Goals and the Agenda for Humanity, this resource explains the role companies can play in ensuring the well-being of children in humanitarian crises. It highlights the urgency and need to reach children in humanitarian crises and outlines the positive and negative impacts of business on children. It also aims to inspire action and stimulate learning by providing examples of how business can support and advance children’s rights and well-being.\n\nFollowing a brief introduction of the issues surrounding children in humanitarian crises and presentation of the business case, this guidance illustrates a holistic approach encompassing actions to respect and support children’s rights and well-being within business operations and the community, and throughout the three phases of the humanitarian programme cycle (before, during and after a humanitarian crisis). Examples are included throughout the resource to illustrate the types of engagement companies can undertake in support of children in humanitarian crises.", + "Key Findings": "Business has enormous power to improve children’s lives through the way in which it operates facilities, develops and markets products, provides services, and influences economic and social development, even more so in the context of humanitarian crises. Conversely, business action or inaction can have a negative impact on children, putting their interests at risk. Being mindful of the possible impacts of business can help ensure that actions and operations above all do no harm, as well as help mitigate and reduce human rights risks.", + "Key Recommendations": "Some examples of actions that businesses can take for risk reduction and response:\n- Based on risk assessments, businesses can ensure that business operations are not aggravating existing hazards (e.g. contributing to desertification or erosion) and decide to avoid risk by limiting their exposure to hazards or not investing in disaster-prone areas.\n- Collaborate with other businesses, for instance through Global Compact Local Networks or other business networks/associations, to identify good practices in disaster risk reduction.\n-Leverage the company’s communication assets and influence vis-à-vis the government and other stakeholders to raise awareness on children’s rights and child rights issues. Discuss how children’s rights can be assessed and hazards on children mitigated.\n-Where possible and with the support of experts to ensure safety and meaningful engagement, consult with children – both girls and boys – as part of the assessment, in close collaboration with experts.\n-Invest in training, mentoring and capacity building activities and development of technologies that improve the ability of the education system to cope and respond to education needs.\n-With government and/or humanitarian organizations, and based on pre agreed arrangements, offer physical assets – transport, logistics, distribution and warehousing – that will allow responders to deliver assistance to the most vulnerable populations.\n-Consult with other businesses to see how, through mutual support and sharing of assets, businesses can support humanitarian and development partners with urgent actions, such as coordinating delivery of school, nutrition, hygiene, shelter and/or other supplies through provision of free or\nlow-cost supplies’ transportation.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.unicef.ca/sites/default/files/2020-11/CHILDREN_IN_HUMANITARIAN_CRISES.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Telecommunications", + "Educational Services", + "Business Services", + "Other", + "Hospitality/Tourism" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "UPS", + "Global Telecom", + "Smart Communications", + "Pearsons Plc", + "The LEGO Group", + "Boston Consulting Group" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Efficiency and Effectiveness", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities", + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Ability to Influence Policy" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;", + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment", + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Advancing Learning and Market Research;", + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "United Nations Global Impact", + "UNICEF" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Youth", + "Conflict" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Humanitarian Assistance" + ], + "Type of Document": "White Paper/Think Tank Report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Large Enterprise", + "Formal Sector", + "Multi-national Business" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2016" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Karen Hardee", + "Melanie Croce-Galis", + "Jill Gay" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "1609-Harde-MLT", + "Document Title": "Men as Contraceptive Users: Programs, Outcomes and Recommendations", + "Document Summary": "Evidence suggests that engaging men as supportive partners in reproductive health do lead to improved health outcomes (Boender et al., 2004; IGWG, 2006; Rottach et al., 2009; Green et al., 2011; IRH, 2013a; Kraft et al., 2014). More recently, efforts to expand the vision for constructive male engagement are evolving from encouraging men to be supportive partners of women’s reproductive health to also focusing on meeting men’s own reproductive health needs and engaging men as contraceptive users and agents of change in families and communities (IGWG, 2009). Less is known about reaching men as clients of family planning services in today’s programming environment. This working paper reviews current activities, programs, and evidence, including those that address the gender norms that affect men’s use of contraceptive methods. The findings, augmented with evidence from earlier programming, where relevant, are intended to inform needed programming and implementation research as well as identify gaps in the evidence base of contraceptive programming for men.\n\nEvidence for this paper comes from three sources that include a review of published documentation of interventions focused on men as users of contraception in low- and middle-income countries; a review of the grey literature; and interviews with organizations and institutions that are conducting programming and research in the area of men as users of contraceptive methods. The primary focus of the literature search was on interventions for men as users of contraception (specifically the four methods: condoms, withdrawal, vasectomy, and the Standard Days Method [SDM]). Interventions focusing on male involvement in family planning were considered if a male contraceptive method was included. Of the more than 500 articles, reports, and abstracts from the International Conference on Family Planning in January 2016 reviewed, the majority focused on men supporting women’s contraceptive use. This report selected 47 that addressed men as contraception users for inclusion in this review. The information in the interviews was used to ensure that all essential programming was covered, including ongoing programming that may not yet be evaluated, and used to get expert opinions on the state of programming for men as contraceptive users.\n", + "Key Findings": "While there remains a scarcity of direct programming addressing men’s contraceptive use, there is sufficient evidence demonstrating men’s desire for information and services, as well as men’s positive response to existing programming to warrant further programming for men and boys in family planning and contraceptive services. Scaling up successful programming identified in this review will increase men’s knowledge and use of family planning services, reduce barriers, increase gender equality and improve the health and well being of men and women, boys and girls worldwide.", + "Internet URL of Document": "http://evidenceproject.popcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/Men-as-FP-Users_September-2016.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Retail", + "Pharmaceuticals" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Health" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2016" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Integra Government Services International" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Congo (Kinshasa)", + "Madagascar", + "Uganda" + ], + "Document ID": "1609-Integ-MLT", + "Document Title": "Political Economy Analysis for Biodiversity Conservation Planning in the Context of Extractive Industries", + "Document Summary": "This report explains the technical findings from three case studies using USAID’s Applied Political Economy Analysis (PEA) Framework that were selected to cover priority biodiversity areas and a range of different types of extractive industries and to respond to USAID Mission requirements. Synthesizing the key findings of these case studies illustrates that threats to biodiversity have political and criminal dimensions and often involve conflict with customary rights to resources. The report shows how PEA helps understand the turbulent dynamics and incentives that accompany resource extraction. Threats to biodiversity affect the resources directly and shape the behaviors of resource-dependent communities. For that reason, PEA can better inform conservation programming by explaining how potential leverage points might be exploited to change behaviors in a positive direction. A separate report addresses lessons learned using USAID’s Applied PEA Framework. The three cases represented in this report are some of the most challenging contexts for conservation.\n\nAll three cases highlight the importance of establishing conflict resolution mechanisms to address long-standing grievances, resolve immediate disputes about violations of traditional resources, or generally remedy the power inequalities of local communities struggling against powerful actors. Customary rights and the recognition of ancestral lands remain important even amid the violent dispossessions we associate with modernity. Customary identities persist in these resource-dependent settings because identities are territorialized, even for the nomadic Vezo fishers and semi-nomadic coastal people of Southwest Madagascar. These issues push the boundaries of what information is needed for good conservation planning. Applied PEA research helps open conservation to the understanding that these spaces claimed for biodiversity and occupied extractives are frequently contested for traditional and modern reasons. These applied PEA cases demonstrate how traditional cultural practices are mediated by customary law and play essential roles in managing biodiversity resources. USAID’s Applied PEA Framework offers no uniform solutions or common approaches for dealing with these dynamics. Instead, the framework heightens awareness of the need to examine the historical legacies of conservation and the political context within which conservation programming is planned. ", + "Key Findings": "Several themes emerge from these applied PEA case studies on biodiversity conservation and extractives in Africa. The applied PEA research identified three themes as indirect drivers of biodiversity loss that should be familiar by now:\n\n• Patronage networks, which play an important role in the illegal or unregulated acquisition of resources (e.g., fish, land, forest resources and minerals) and abuse of power leaves communities vulnerable to the above drivers;\n• Lack of accountability, which is related to failures of land use planning and security of property (armed occupation of the park in the DRC, elites enabling dispossession of customary landholders in Uganda and lack of enforcement of existing fishing regulations and coastal zoning in Madagascar); and\n• Criminality related to wildlife trafficking and unsustainable hunting or fishing practices related to and amplified by extractive activities taking place.\n", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00MBT2.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Mining & Extractives" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Conflict" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Environment/Climate Change" + ], + "Type of Document": "Political Economy Analysis", + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2016" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Susan Fratzke", + "Karen Jacobsen" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "1609-JACOB-GLO", + "Document Title": "Building Livelihood Opportunities for Refugee Populations: Lessons from Past Practice ", + "Document Summary": "Most refugee situations are not resolved quickly. Instead, they become protracted, stretching over years or even decades, often without a clear end in sight. Of the 65.3 million forcibly displaced people worldwide—some 21 million of whom were refugees as of 2016—more than 40 percent are in situations that have become protracted (ongoing for five years or more). Because of this, it has become more important than ever to find ways to better integrate refugees into countries of first asylum, particularly by ensuring they have access to livelihoods and economic opportunities.\n\nLivelihood programs and interventions have typically been designed and implemented by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), often in collaboration with international humanitarian nongovernmental organizations (NGOs). Yet despite the surging interest and investment, including at the highest political levels, refugee livelihoods is a relatively new field that must work through a number of growing pains and implementation challenges before it can live up to its potential.\n\nThis report outlines the types of livelihood efforts that aid agencies have undertaken in countries of first asylum and explores the challenges they face in realizing the full promise of these approaches. In the face of little rigorous evaluation of such programs, the authors offer a range of recommendations to improve effectiveness.", + "Key Findings": "Whether aid agencies and donors choose to invest in supply- or demand-side initiatives, the success of livelihood efforts is generally shaped by factors external to the programs themselves—factors that are often not accounted for in program design. These include in particular:\n1. The political and policy context in the host country.\n2. The types and extent of economic opportunities available in the host economy.\n3. The capacity and willingness of refugees to invest in livelihoods.", + "Key Recommendations": "pg. 28 \n1. Provide more long-term and predictable funding. Many livelihood interventions aimed at refugees are still supported by funders and agencies used to working in humanitarian and relief contexts. Funding thus tends to be short-term and insufficient to effect real change. There is a need for humanitarian funding to commit to longer timeframes and to providing support to host communities, and for development agencies to support projects that also benefit refugees. Development and humanitarian agencies must improve the coordination of their interventions in conflict- and displacement-affected settings to maximize the benefits of funding.\n\n2. More independent impact evaluations are needed. The evidence base is weak in terms of how livelihood programs impact the wellbeing, self-reliance, and durable solutions of refugees. Even principles currently considered best practices are not well established and have not been thoroughly evaluated in terms of whether and how they influence impact.\nPractices such as targeting vulnerable groups are not well conceptualized, and there is much debate and discussion over how (or even whether) such targeting should be used. Absent more substantial evidence and studies that examine whether specific practices lead to desired outcomes and stated goals, it is impossible to determine whether current refugee livelihood programming practices are having a positive and especially long-term impact.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.migrationpolicy.org/research/building-livelihood-opportunities-refugee-populations-lessons-past-practice", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Technology" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Microsoft", + "PriceWaterhouseCoopers" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships", + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Migration Policy Institute" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Conflict" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Humanitarian Assistance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Industry Publication", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Multi-national Business", + "Formal Sector" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2016" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Risk & Audit Consulting" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Albania" + ], + "Document ID": "1609-Risk-ALB", + "Document Title": "USAID/Albania Evaluation", + "Document Summary": "This evaluation report assesses the processes and outcomes of the work of the US Agency for International Development Albania (USAID/Albania) through three local awardees (Agro Capital (AC), Building Human and Institutional Capacities (BHIC), and Supporting Agriculture Vital Sectors (SAVS)). This evaluation is essential to identify the significant achievements and challenges encountered while implementing the projects and ensure that lessons learned are reflected in future work of USAID/Albania with local implementing partners. This evaluation has a specific objective: to provide an independent assessment of what is being achieved, project-wise and organizationally, and state relevant management financial and cost efficiency findings. The evaluation assesses the processes and outcomes achieved through the implementation of the projects. Additionally, the evaluation assesses the project's relevance to national priorities and those of USAID/Albania, as well as the extent to which the USAID projects, as implemented, have provided the best possible modalities for reaching the intended objectives given the results achieved. \n\nThis evaluation addresses all the questions specified in the Request for Proposal (RFP) concerning organizational strengthening and sustainability of Implementing Partners of USAID Albania, as well as employs four main criteria to assess the project's results relevance, effectiveness, efficiency, and sustainability. The evaluation is based on non-random samples of respondents with qualitative data collection methods. All interviews followed informed consent procedures required by the USAID guidelines for evaluators. The collection of evaluation data was implemented using four main methods: 1) Desk review 2) Site visits to USAID/Implementing Partners targeted areas in two regions (central and south) 3) Semi-structured group and individual interviews with stakeholders 4) Focus group discussions with stakeholders and client/beneficiaries. The analysis is based on a synthesis and triangulation of information obtained from the above-mentioned four evaluation activities. Limitations of the evaluation include its non-representative, qualitative nature due to small, non-random samples and low response rates for specific interview categories. All interviews were done without the presence of USAID and Implementing Partners staff.\n", + "Key Findings": "The amount of work carried to produce financial reports and the trainings necessary to withstand work endured by staff to comply with USAID rules and regulations may dilute effort and detract from objectives. The lack of financial reserves provisions may hinder the financial independence of the local organizations. But, if implemented with caution and piloted to trusted partners, in the long run they may ensure a stronger civil society that will have more political courage to affect social change and stronger advocacy voices. Management and administrative capacities of IP’s staff are improved as a result of working with USAID Albania. The policies and procedures, internal control systems have been designed and implemented in a highly competent manner, guided by a coherent strategy.", + "Key Recommendations": "Although reporting mechanism and robust internal systems and processes ensure accountability on the use of funds, more attention needs to be paid on ensuring NGO’s remain in touch with the realities and the needs the community they serve. Donors should include in their fund-raising training modules alternative fundraising mechanism, for example, crowdsourcing that can also increase communication and engagement with constituents and supporters of the causes NGOs are promoting. Additionally, the future projects supported by USAID Albania should have business sustainability as their primary goal since the advocacy and all activities rely on funding. Encourage the system of providing an endowment from donations by strengthening the role of board members to increase funds scrutiny, and setting clear guidelines on the ways and events when endowment funds can be used. Provided that the core objectives of the project are accomplished, less intrusive procedures4 from USAID Albania could be established.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00M98G.pdf", + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Flexibility and Pace" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Risk & Audit Consulting" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Agriculture and Food Security" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Europe and Eurasia" + ], + "Year": "2016" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "RTI" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Egypt" + ], + "Document ID": "1609-RTI-EGY", + "Document Title": "Higher Education Partnership Program (HEPP) in Egypt Final Report", + "Document Summary": "This is a final project report of RTI International managed, and the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) funded Egypt Higher Education Partnership Program (HEPP) covering the period from July 30, 2015, to June 30, 2016. HEPP was an important part of the larger US-Egypt Higher Education Initiative. Regrettably, despite RTI’s good work in Egypt for more than a decade, the Egyptian government was unwilling to permit RTI to continue operating in the country. After eight months of implementation, RTI and USAID decided in April 2016 to terminate HEPP mutually. On April 19, RTI submitted to USAID a closeout plan and proceeded to conclude all activities by June 30, 2016. This report primarily documents the critical activities accomplished during this short period and provides information on key achievements and learning from the project. \n\nThe report highlights active private sector participation to ensure that grants would be designed for those curriculum and research efforts that are genuinely responsive to practical industry needs as determined by the private sector. Therefore, selecting competitive industries with prospects for growth and engaging these industries to play leadership roles was a significant precedent for the grant-developing process. The determination of the priority sectors benefitted from both those already identified by the GOE as economic drivers and the labor market assessment (LMA) commissioned by USAID. The industry's willingness to be a leader was also crucial to industry selection. Accordingly, and per the HEPP Work Plan, the HEPP team, with leadership from the sub, JAA, initiated the industry engagement and determination of the priority sectors immediately at the onset of Q1 2016. Finally, the team conducted two private sector-related pieces of research. The first was to understand the policy bottlenecks that inhibit private-sector collaboration in higher education. The research was conducted to collect data on the nature of current partnerships in Egypt between the private sector and the HEIs and between the private sector and the R&D domain. The second research activity mapped the MOHESR strategic plan (2015‒2030) to HEPP objectives and the high-growth economic sectors selected by the HEPP team. The HEPP team took the opportunity in Q2 FY2016 to develop four working papers to inform the project’s strategy and approach toward supporting demand-driven curricula and research. As a result of the decision to close the project in early April, all staff was let go effective April 9, 2016, together with the closing of the project.\n", + "Key Findings": "HEPP was an important part of the larger US-Egypt Higher Education Initiative. Regrettably, despite RTI’s good work in Egypt for more than a decade, it became clear that the Egyptian government was not willing to permit RTI to continue operating in country. After eight months of implementation, RTI and USAID decided in April 2016 to mutually terminate HEPP. On April 19, RTI submitted to USAID a closeout plan and proceeded to conclude all activities by June 30, 2016.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00SWJG.pdf", + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Education and Social Services" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Middle East" + ], + "Year": "2016" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Chrispen Sukume" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Zimbabwe" + ], + "Document ID": "1609-Sukum-ZWE", + "Document Title": "USAID Strategic Economic Research and Analysis -- Zimbabwe (SERA) Program: Review of Livestock Sector Production Policies, Strategies and Institutional Structures in Zimbabwe", + "Document Summary": "This study overviews the key regulatory, policy, and institutional constraints to Zimbabwe’s livestock sector performance. Value chain stakeholders welcome the recognition of livestock as an important sub-sector through creating a separate Deputy Minister's post within MoAMID and developing a value-chain-focused livestock policy with the broad participation of stakeholders. However, this new policy framework has yet to be formally adopted by the government, and accompanying strategies have not yet been developed to implement the policy. The review of key regulatory constraints shows many regulations that go against the attainment of goals in the draft livestock policy all across the livestock value chain. \n\nThe study identifies several regulatory constraints that hinder the availability of livestock inputs from local production and importation. At the farm level, the study identifies regulations applied by the Environment Management Agency as the most problematic to livestock production. The report highlights that reducing transaction costs in livestock marketing is crucial in improving competitiveness and economic viability. However, the study finds several regulations that increase transaction costs. Zimbabwe does not have a comprehensive and functional livestock identification and traceability system to manage cattle movements and proof of ownership. In Zimbabwe, carcass grading and classification are still based on the old system developed in the 1970s. In the processing sector, the study found EMA regulations, Veterinary Public Health, AMA regulations, and municipal bylaws to be constraining and sometimes overlapping. \n\nFinally, the report concludes that the Government of Zimbabwe should engage with private sector associations and individual companies in a substantial dialogue to reduce these constraints on growth in the livestock sector, which is a significant source of livelihood for large sections of the country. Resolving these issues can boost the industry, households, and local and national budgets as inefficiencies are worked out, local production volumes increase, and more dealings are conducted through formal channels.\n", + "Key Recommendations": "The Government should engage with private sector associations and individual companies in a substantial dialogue to reduce these constraints on growth in the livestock sector, which is a significant\nsource of livelihood for large sections of the country. Resolving these issues can provide a boost to industry, households, and local and national budgets as inefficiencies are worked out, local production volumes increase, and more dealings are conducted through formal channels.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00MDKD.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, and Hunting" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Agriculture and Food Security" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2016" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Gary A. Walker", + "Kathryn Green", + "Zayid Douglas", + "Christian Chileshe" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Zambia" + ], + "Document ID": "1609-Walke-ZMB", + "Document Title": "USAID/Zambia Mission-Wide youth assessment Report", + "Document Summary": "Programming related to youth (defined as 10–24-year-old) and to consider the rationale, merits, and possible framework of a Mission youth focus, this study examines program challenges and opportunities to review youth policies and strategies of the Government of the Republic of Zambia (GRZ) and other stakeholders, to ensure that the views of youth are fully considered, and to make recommendations based on the findings of the team.\n\nThe assessment used a qualitative and participatory research approach. It carried out a desk review of key policy, program, and project documents. It used written interview questions to help frame the discussions with stakeholders, convening more than 50 meetings in Zambia with USAID and USAID-funded project staff and with representatives of development partners, the GRZ, NGOs, and youth-led organizations. The assessment team convened 25 Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) with youth and program implementers in five provinces. Two FGD teams (one male and one female) held FGDs by gender with youth aged 18-24. FGDs were held with youth program implementers to gain their insights about the views and needs of youth aged 10-17 and those aged 18-24. The assessment team met with many people in a very brief period. However, the universe of stakeholders is vast, and the team, with Mission guidance, had to prioritize among them. The FGD teams were prohibited from speaking directly to youth younger than 18 and needed to rely on interpreters in some rural settings. Overall, the opportunity to conduct FGDs and meet with a broad range of stakeholders provided the team with valuable insights into the challenges and opportunities facing Zambia’s youth.\n", + "Key Recommendations": "1. Make an explicit commitment to a youth focus in the next CDCS using a PYD approach. \n\n2. Strengthen district and local level capacities of the GRZ, local NGOs and other local entities to enhance implementation of youth-focused activities. \n\n3. Strengthen youth-led organizations at the district level and below to build youth leadership and participation by funding what works based on lessons learned.\n\n4. Consider new programming for youth in economic development, health and other targeted sectors to increase opportunities for more pathways to decent work. ", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00MCNT.pdf", + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Economic Growth", + "Democracy, Human Rights, & Governance", + "Education and Social Services", + "Health" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2016" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "James J. White", + "Sean Callahan", + "Samantha Lint", + "Helen Li", + "Aida Yemaneberhan" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "1609-White-GLO", + "Document Title": "Engaging Private Health Providers to Extend the Global Availability of PMTCT Services ", + "Document Summary": "Global efforts to extend the availability of prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission (PMTCT) services have dramatically reduced the number of babies born HIV-positive. However, new HIV infections among pregnant women, newborns, and infants remain unacceptably high, with mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) persisting as the most common route of new pediatric infections globally (UNAIDS 2011; AVERT 2014). To eliminate MTCT, HIV programs are increasingly seeking ways to engage private actors more fully in expanding and sustaining national HIV and PMTCT responses. Building on technical guidance outlined by the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID), AIDS Support and Technical Assistance Resources, Task Order 1 (AIDSTAR-One) Project, and the USAID Strengthening Health Outcomes through the Private Sector (SHOPS) Project, this technical brief presents a spectrum of private sector engagement options to increase the supply of PMTCT services that vary in degree of public-private collaboration; source of financing; and source of logistic, commodity, and diagnostic inputs. This brief explores private models of financing and delivering care, public-private partnerships (PPPs), and joint ventures. It also presents a range of community-level interventions led by private actors, demonstrating how the private sector can contribute to demand creation, PMTCT and antiretroviral therapy (ART) de- livery, and adherence and retention activities. The discussion includes successes, lessons, and challenges that can inform the efforts of governments, donors, and implementers to adapt or replicate private sector models in new settings. \n\nEffective engagement of private actors is critical to reaching global elimination of mother-to-child HIV transmission (eMTCT) targets and achieving an AIDS-free generation. This brief seeks to present governments and implementers with actionable options in that pursuit. All of the examples selected for inclusion in this brief demonstrate that private actors can significantly advance national and global PMTCT goals. Successful outcomes in many of the models included the rapid introduction of private PMTCT services, enhanced access to and retention in PMTCT for mother-baby pairs, and strong community-based demand creation and retention activities supporting continuing personal care. In general, where projects or partnerships succeeded in combining the collective strengths and roles of government, private actors, and communities, mother-baby access to and retention in PMTCT interventions improved. Although challenges persist and other implementation experiences are needed to serve as examples, it is becoming increasingly clear that effective engagement of private actors will be critical to meeting eMTCT targets and achieving an AIDS-free generation.\n", + "Key Findings": "Building on technical guidance outlined by the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID), AIDS Support and Technical Assistance Resources, Task Order 1 (AIDSTAR-One) Project, and the USAID Strengthening Health Outcomes through the Private Sector (SHOPS) Project, this technical brief presents a spectrum of private sector engagement options to increase the supply of PMTCT services that vary in degree of public-private collaboration, source of financing, and source of logistic, commodity, and diagnostic inputs. This brief explores private models of financing and delivering care, as well as public-private partnerships (PPPs) and joint ventures. It also presents a range of community-level interventions led by private actors, demonstrating how the private sector can contribute to demand creation, PMTCT and antiretroviral therapy (ART) delivery, and adherence and retention activities. The discussion includes successes, lessons, and challenges that can inform the efforts of governments, donors, and implementers to adapt or replicate private sector models in new settings. Effective engagement of private actors is critical to reaching global elimination of mother-to-child HIV transmission (eMTCT) targets and achieving an AIDS-free generation.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.abtassociates.com/sites/default/files/migrated_files/a557f3a3-73c8-4831-a642-9477fbfeb49f.pdf", + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships", + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Health" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2016" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Gary Woller", + "David Rinck", + "Emily Miller" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Kenya", + "Malawi", + "Zambia" + ], + "Document ID": "1609-Wolle-MLT", + "Document Title": "Solutions for African Food Enterprises (SAFE) Final Evaluation Report", + "Document Summary": "This document presents the findings, conclusions, and recommendations for the online evaluation round of the Solutions for African Food Enterprises (SAFE) performance evaluation implemented during March- April 2016 in Kenya, Malawi, and Zambia. The endline evaluation is the follow-up to the baseline evaluation round, which took place in March-April 2015. This performance evaluation examines the extent to which the SAFE program has achieved the outputs, outcomes, and goals in its Theory of Change (ToC). The Bureau of Food Security (BFS) will use the evidence from this evaluation, as well as other analyses, to identify critical gaps in programs to map out the way forward for SAFE over the remaining life of the program and to inform future Feed the Future (FtF) programming decisions in this area. \n\nThe SAFE evaluation seeks to answer the ten key evaluation questions (EQs) proposed in this assessment. It employed a mixed-methods design using quantitative and qualitative data collection methods over two periods. As mentioned, a baseline evaluation round was implemented during March–April 2015, and an endline evaluation round was implemented from March-April 2016. The primary data collection methods used in the endline evaluation round included: (1) key informant interviews (KIIs) with diverse program stakeholders, (2) focus group discussions (FGDs), (3) processor surveys, (4) household surveys, (5) farming system research, and (6) performance information from SAFE’s performance monitoring system. The baseline also included trainer and trainee surveys for the Sector-Wide Training (SWTs). However, these were not repeated in the endline because SAFE did not implement additional SWTs between the baseline and endline evaluations. The impact assessment methodology developed and implemented by TechnoServe (TNS) is an innovative approach to measuring SAFE’s impact on the incremental volume and profits. While this methodology includes an unknown and likely significant measurement error, it is almost certainly more accurate and credible than the previous methodology of simply counting the net change in the three indicators and attributing the entire change to SAFE assistance.", + "Key Findings": "To date, SAFE has provided technical assistance to 36 food processors (21 in Kenya, 10 in Zambia, and 5 in Malawi). An additional 20 new processors have recently been recruited, bringing the total to the program target of 56, while 11 processors have graduated. Since its inception, SAFE has also delivered 18 SWTs to more than 600 individuals from 462 companies in technical areas related to food such things as food quality, fortification, product development, and business strategy.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00M9SX.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Food & Beverage", + "Processing & Manufacturing", + "Engineering & Construction", + "Technology" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "General Mills", + "Cargill", + "DSM", + "Bühler", + "TechnoServe", + "Hershey" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Reputation and Credible Convening Power" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Agriculture and Food Security" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "American Business", + "Multi-national Business", + "Formal Sector", + "Large Enterprise", + "For-profit approach that generates sustainable income" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2016" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Water & Sanitation for the Urban Poor (WSUP)" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Ghana" + ], + "Document ID": "1609-WSUP-GHA", + "Document Title": "A Toilet in Every Compound: What we've learned so far from Kumasi and Accra, Ghana", + "Document Summary": "The levels of compound sanitation and access to private toilets are low in Ghana, with low-income communities especially reliant on public toilets. Addressing this challenge, Water and Sanitation for the Urban Poor (WSUP) is supporting Kumasi Metropolitan Assembly and Ga West Municipal Assembly with long-term strategies focused on legislation, enforcement, access to finance, and developing the private market for compound toilets. It is hoped that by A) improving legislative capacity and B) promoting private sector involvement in the low-income consumer market, demand and supply for compound toilets will grow together with the support of metropolitan and municipal assemblies. Following monitoring, learning, and adaptation, this approach could form a model to be expanded across Ghana.\n\nThis brief presents insights from ongoing work in improving sanitation in compounds in Kumasi and Ga West, Ghana. The brief highlights that around 60% of low-income households use public toilets in Kumasi. These facilities are often poorly maintained, unhygienic, and unsafe, particularly for women using them at night. Rapid urbanization in Ghana means finding a better way to meet the sanitation needs of the country’s low-income city dwellers is imperative. The brief presents progress so far and discusses challenges such as:\n1) Improving the ability of toilet manufacturers in Ghana to scale up\n2) Making toilets desirable enough for households to be interested in investing\n3) Providing access to finance for households (given that a toilet can cost between $300 and $1200)\n4) Improving the capacity of the public sector to enforce by-laws that require landlords to provide toilets for their tenants\n", + "Key Findings": "This case study details the following lessons learned:\n• Involving the private sector in financing WASH works effectively;\n• Partnering with financial institutions in the delivery of WASH intervention ensures sustainability and ownership by households.\n• Linking household demand created through CLTS and other urban sanitation approaches to financial institutions and latrine artisans ensures sustainable livelihoods to the artisans.\n", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.wsup.com/content/uploads/2017/08/PN026-A-toilet-in-every-compound-improving-access-to-compound-sanitation-in-Kumasi-and-Ga-WestOLD-BRANDING.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Financial Services", + "Engineering & Construction" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Fidelity Bank" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Efficiency and Effectiveness", + "Flexibility and Pace" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships", + "Reputation and Credible Convening Power" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Water & Sanitation for the Urban Poor (WSUP)" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Health" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Financial Institution, Investors, and Intermediaries", + "American Business", + "For-profit approach that generates sustainable income", + "Large Enterprise", + "Formal Sector", + "Micro, Small, or Medium Enterprise", + "Local Business", + "Multi-national Business" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2016" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Raphael Bossong", + "Ben Wagner" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "United Kingdom", + "Germany", + "Netherlands", + "Australia", + "Canada" + ], + "Document ID": "1610-Bosso-MLT-pr", + "Document Title": "A typology of cybersecurity and public-private partnerships in the context of the EU", + "Document Summary": "The interaction or partnership between public and private actors for cyber-security can take many institutional shapes and forms, which remain obscured by overly encompassing and ambitious political rhetoric. Against this complex background, this paper pursues a more modest. Nonetheless essential aim, namely, to clarify the understanding and conceptualization of the varied forms and kinds of PPPs in cybersecurity, especially concerning more standard and publicly known forms of cooperation. It then applies this understanding to the case of the EU, which arguably constitutes a representative, relatively transparent, and significant case for regular PPPs for cybersecurity. These steps reflect in two parts of the paper. First, it argues that ideal-typical PPPs broadly focus on the operational provision or delivery of services - or policy implementation, in contrast to other forms of policy consultation, shared regulation, and interest representation. A corresponding typology helps map different actor incentives and normative concerns about the range of possible public-private interactions for cybersecurity. However, such an abstract representation necessarily glosses over many essential nuances and needs to be situated in a particular empirical context. With these considerations in mind, the second part of this article applies this heuristic framework to survey the EU’s efforts to develop PPPs for cybersecurity. It has to be underlined that EU member states remain mainly responsible for providing internal security, which can include cyberspace, following the example of technologically advanced North-Western European states. Moving beyond these official declarations, the second part of this paper reviews the internal differentiation and diversity of EU PPPs for cybersecurity. ", + "Key Findings": "The original vision of an entirely self-regulated as well as resilient, decentralized Internet has come under severe stress due to structural vulnerabilities beyond the reach of any individual actor. These vulnerabilities are increasingly exploited by a growing number of harmful actors, which are also increasingly putting their services and malware products on sale and wide access. This calls for more multi-faced and coordinated governance approaches to improve security on the Internet that is typically termed ‘cybersecurity’ . In short, to provide cybersecurity public and private actors clearly need to engage with each other. This is reflected in a growing number of policy initiatives and public declarations that underline the value of Public Private Partnerships (PPP) for increasing or providing cybersecurity.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10611-016-9653-3", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Technology" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Group IB", + "FireEye", + "Microsoft", + "Kaspersky", + "Mnemonic", + "McAfee" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Ability to Influence Policy", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Advancing Learning and Market Research;", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Springer Science+Business Media" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Democracy, Human Rights, & Governance", + "Peace & Security" + ], + "Type of Document": "Peer-reviewed article or other research report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "For-profit Commercial Entity", + "Multi-national Business" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Europe and Eurasia" + ], + "Year": "2016" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Raphael Bossong", + "Ben Wagner" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "United Kingdom", + "Germany", + "Netherlands", + "United States", + "Canada", + "Colombia", + "Australia" + ], + "Document ID": "1610-Bosso-MLT-pr", + "Document Title": "A typology of cybersecurity and public-private partnerships in the context of the EU", + "Document Summary": "This article aimed to provide a nuanced, more focused, yet nonetheless critical reading of Public Private Partnerships (PPP) for cybersecurity. This paper does not stake out a clear position for or against public-private cooperation for cybersecurity. It does not appear feasible or realistic to disentangle the level functional interdependence and geographical extension of security governance networks, especially in the area of information communication\ntechnologies (ICT). Rather, it pursues a more modest, but nonetheless\nessential aim, namely to clarify our understanding and conceptualisation of the varied forms and kinds of PPPs in the area of cybersecurity, especially in so far as it concerns more regular and publicly known forms of cooperation. It then applies this understanding to the case of the EU that arguably constitutes a representative, relatively transparent and significant case for such regular kinds of PPPs for cybersecurity", + "Key Findings": "The original vision of an entirely self-regulated as well as resilient, decentralized Internet has come under severe stress due to structural vulnerabilities beyond the reach of any individual actor. These vulnerabilities are increasingly exploited by a growing number of harmful actors, which are also increasingly putting their services and malware products on sale and wide access. This calls for more multi-faced and coordinated governance approaches to improve security on the Internet that is typically termed ‘cybersecurity’ . In short, to provide cybersecurity public and private actors clearly need to engage with each other. This is reflected in a growing number of policy initiatives and public declarations that underline the value of Public Private Partnerships (PPP) for increasing or providing cybersecurity.", + "Internet URL of Document": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10611-016-9653-3", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Technology" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Kaspersky", + "McAfee", + "Mnemonic", + "Microsoft", + "FireEye", + "Group IB", + "AnubisNetworks", + "Symantec", + "Google", + "Facebook", + "Twitter" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Efficiency and Effectiveness", + "Flexibility and Pace", + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Ability to Influence Policy" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Advancing Learning and Market Research;", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Crime, Law and Social Change" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Democracy, Human Rights, & Governance", + "Peace & Security" + ], + "Type of Document": "Peer-reviewed article or other research report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Micro, Small, or Medium Enterprise", + "Large Enterprise", + "Multi-national Business", + "For-profit Commercial Entity", + "Formal Sector", + "American Business" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Europe and Eurasia", + "Latin America and the Carribean" + ], + "Year": "2016" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "George M. Ingram" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global", + "Philippines", + "El Salvador", + "Ghana", + "Tanzania", + "Syria", + "Somalia", + "Mexico" + ], + "Document ID": "1610-Ingra-GLO-pr", + "Document Title": "Aid Effectiveness: Reform in the New Administration and Congress", + "Document Summary": "Most people engaged even peripherally in U.S. foreign relations understand that poor, and emerging countries' economic, social, and political stability and progress are inherently in the national interest. To advance, the interest in U.S. development cooperation policies and programs must be effective and sustainable. These premises drive this paper to present a range of ideas on how to maximize the effectiveness and impact of U.S. development cooperation efforts clustering them into six different sections. Section I presents an overview of key findings and recommendations. Section II paints a picture of a practical 21st-century U.S. development function. Section III provides a brief history of aid reform and sets out the principles upon which the paper is based. Section IV identifies elements of the current aid reform agenda that merit continued cultivation. Section V sets forth additional ideas for further action. Section VI outlines the need in the future for a cooperation and partnering approach for U.S. global engagement as assistance declines as a source of development solutions.", + "Key Findings": "This paper has six sections. Section I presents an overview of key findings and recommendations. Section II paints a picture of an effective 21st century U.S. development function. Section III provides a brief history of aid reform and sets out the principles upon which the paper is based. Section IV identifies elements of the current aid reform agenda that merit continued cultivation. Section V sets forth additional ideas for further action. Section VI outlines the need in the future for a mutual cooperation and partnering approach for U.S. global engagement as assistance declines as a source of development solutions.\n\nThe recommendations following each narrative generally are tiered in order of importance and impact, but not always. Certain suggestions serve as alternative options. This paper deals mainly with the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID), which, as the principal U.S. development agency, has been at the center of the aid reform agenda. Other U.S. government agencies are brought into the analysis where they are relevant to specific issues.", + "Key Recommendations": "Recommendations:\n• One-stop-shop: Business has long complained about having to go to multiple U.S. government agencies to find the one program that might support its interests and the slowness in working through the bureaucratic maze to get an answer, even a “no.” Power Africa reportedly has made interagency collaboration work—hosting multiple agencies at the same meeting with a U.S. company facilitates quick identification of which agencies might support the company’s planned project. This experience should be built upon to create a formal one-stop-shop, both online and a staffed office, for business looking for engagement with U.S. foreign affairs agencies, as would be authorized by S.3227, the Economic Growth and Development Act, introduced by Senator Johnny Isakson.\n• Comprehensive interagency engagement package: Short of a one-stop-shop, again building on the experience of Power Africa, a strategy and interagency capability should be created to provide an integrated business engagement package of support involving USAID, Department of State, USDA, OPIC, USTDA, Export-Import Bank, and the Commerce Department so as to provide comprehensive support for engaging U.S. companies in development activities.\n• Evaluation of PPPs: A formal assessment of USAID’s PPPs should be undertaken, both as a mechanism for engaging the private sector and as a way to produce development results. Assess the impact of PPPs, the sustainability of results, the measurement of outcomes, and the value of the GDA model, including whether the 1:1 finance match requirement is beneficial or a distraction. Analyze the roles of commercial interest and shared value in a partnership to determine whether they are key indicators of the likelihood of sustainability and should serve as filters in assessing prospective partnerships. Review the role and value of dedicated relationship managers and whether they should be full-time positions.\n• Strategic engagement: Using the experience of the BAA, assess how to better engage the private sector in strategic discussions in the design phase of programs and policies.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/global_111716_aid-effectiveness.pdf", + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge", + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments", + "Reputation and Credible Convening Power" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;", + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment", + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Brookings" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Conflict" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Humanitarian Assistance", + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "Peer-reviewed article or other research report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "For-profit Commercial Entity", + "Formal Sector", + "Local Business", + "Multi-national Business", + "American Business" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Global", + "Asia", + "Middle East", + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2016" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Bruce Kirenga", + "Samuel Kasozi", + "Levi Mugenyi", + "Beth Anne Pratt" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Uganda" + ], + "Document ID": "1610-Kiren-UGA", + "Document Title": "Track TB: A Mixed Methods Assessment", + "Document Summary": "TRACK TB is now in its fourth year and final year. The project stakeholders sought a deeper understanding of TRACK TB's achievements and challenges to contribute to future programming for TB in Uganda. The National TB and Leprosy Program (NTLP), USAID/Uganda, TRACK TB, and the QED-implemented Monitoring, Evaluation, and Learning Contract collaborated to create an assessment activity examining the epidemiology and context of both TB and TB control in Uganda; the health systems environment within which TB control is implemented; and TRACK TB's achievements, challenges, innovations, and learnings in light of the new prevalence survey findings. This assessment provides an understanding - through the systematic collection of evidence and intensive iterative engagement of stakeholders - of how TRACK TB has approached TB control and how this approach might inform TB control in Uganda looking forward. \n\nThe assessment is divided into three parts corresponding to these three themes. The first part of the assessment analyzes key TB, TB/HIV collaborative activity, and MDR-TB indicators from 2008 to 2015 to understand trends across gender, age, and region. The first part of the assessment also examines the indicators within the national health systems context of TB control in Uganda, identifying severe bottlenecks at multiple levels of Uganda's health system. The second part of the assessment examines TRACK TB's implementation theory and approach and its contribution to NTLP leadership and technical capacity, urban DOTS, MDR-TB, TB/HIV collaborative activities, and infection control. It also looks at sustainability. The third part of the assessment addresses the national TB program looking forward; the partnerships, strategies, leverage points, and tools in which stakeholders feel are worth investing in the future; the contextual barriers that might impede their successful implementation; and the quality of the data environment supporting evidence-based decision-making. The assessment findings suggest that the Government of Uganda, USAID/Uganda, and other stakeholders should continue to support the key interventions listed above, including rapidly scaling up the urban DOTS model for drug-susceptible TB to non-urban areas and continuing to roll out community linkage facilitation.\n", + "Key Recommendations": "For TB control programming: Continue to roll out Quality Improvement (QI) approaches in TB control, especially those that build on existing structures and on-going Q I efforts in the broader health sector. Support and scale up the MDR and urban DOTS packages.\n\nFor health systems strengthening: Prioritize strengthening the general health system as much as vertical program silos; in particular, inefficiencies in the medical supply chain require urgent action.\n\nFor development practice: Rethink the development, operationalization, use, and monitoring of assumptions within USAID results frameworks", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00MFKS.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Health Care" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Flexibility and Pace" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Health" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2016" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Richard Kohl" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Bangladesh" + ], + "Document ID": "1610-Kohl-BGD", + "Document Title": "Scaling Up of Agricultural Machinery in Bangladesh: Review of Successful Scaling of Agricultural Technologies", + "Document Summary": "This report examines the successful scaling up through commercial pathways of agricultural and irrigation machinery and services in southwest Bangladesh. The report primarily focuses on the role of the USAID-supported project Cereal Systems Initiative for South Asia–Mechanization and Irrigation (CSISA- MI), which was the key driver of scaling up in close partnership with several agricultural machinery companies. The case study looks to see what donor and implementing partner practices helped scale up and may serve as a model for similar efforts with other technologies and countries because of the unusual and successful way in which the USAID Mission to Bangladesh and the implementing partners executed this project.\n\nThe approach used for conducting these case studies is grounded in the spaces, drivers, and pathways analytical framework developed by Hartmann and Linn and the scaling-up framework authored by Cooley and Kohl of Management Systems International (MSI). These frameworks detail how spaces, drivers, and pathways contribute to successful scaling. The term “space” is multidimensional and encompasses the fiscal/financial, political, policy (legal and regulatory), organizational, socio-cultural, agroecological, partnership, and learning components that could affect scaling. Drivers are those factors or actors that move innovation from pilot towards scale, including the individuals or organizations that lead the scaling-up effort, their motivation and incentives, and how these interact with the characteristics of the innovation itself and the spaces or context. Pathways are the sector used to take the innovation to scale: the private and public sectors, donors, and other third parties or some combination thereof. This study assesses the respective roles played by each sector, with a particular emphasis on the role of the private sector, i.e., the commercial pathway, as that is the primary focus of this research. The methodology for this case study involved four data collection techniques: document reviews (DR), key informant interviews (KIIs), group discussions (GDs), and analysis of quantitative data from Secondary sources (QDSS). The review used these approaches to collect qualitative and quantitative data from various stakeholders associated with agricultural and irrigation technology machinery and services in Bangladesh.", + "Key Findings": "By and large, the country context in Bangladesh facilitated scaling up of agricultural machinery services. The agricultural machinery that was introduced by CSISA-MI allowed for a natural experiment in what characteristics facilitate adoption and scaling up because of the simultaneous introduction of several machines. The CSISA-MI project introduced many approaches to project design and implementation that facilitated commercially sustainable scaling up. The CSISA-MI project did not do formal studies of market size or the business cases for the various machines prior to the start of the project.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://s3.amazonaws.com/www.ideglobal.org/files/public/USAID-BFS-Scaling-Review-Bangladesh-Report-FINAL-508.pdf?mtime=20161224113436", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, and Hunting", + "Processing & Manufacturing" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "ACI Ltd" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships", + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Agriculture and Food Security" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Local Business", + "For-profit approach that generates sustainable income", + "Formal Sector" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Asia" + ], + "Year": "2016" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Yogesh Rajkotia", + "Jessica Gergen", + "Iva Djurovic", + "Sayaka Koseki", + "Martha Coe", + "Kebba Jobarteh", + "Carol Miller", + "Sujata Rana" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Indonesia" + ], + "Document ID": "1610-Rajok-IDN", + "Document Title": "Re-Envisioning Maternal and Newborn Health in Indonesia ", + "Document Summary": "Indonesia’s economy has led to investors' growing interest, including investment interest in health markets. The establishment of JKN has signaled to the market that the government is committed to financing healthcare and increasing access for its citizens. At the same time, the middle class is growing, estimated to reach 135 million people by 2030, and utilization of private facilities and pharmaceuticals is expected to increase as more people acquire additional resources (Oberman et al., 2012). Indonesia’s civic space is equally experiencing an expansion. Since 1998, the growth of civil society entities has been explosive, from the national to the local level, with an estimated 65,000 registered civil society organizations (CSOs) as of 2014. Donor programming for democratization and governance reforms has been substantial (Scanlon, 2012). Regional autonomy and decentralization have created new opportunities for CSOs and organized citizens to engage directly with the government in public affairs.\n\nThis health landscape assessment report dives into private sector opportunities to lay the foundation for private innovations to be funded and scaled. The report categorically divides private market opportunities into five themes that address the core maternal and newborn health (MNH) challenges. The report presents current trends and the critical steps to harnessing civil society, including universities and media, to establish the social movement for maternal and newborn health. The report highlights the intersection of the private sector and civil society as a unique set of opportunities that can further advance the MNH agenda. The themes and components proposed in the report are compelling opportunities for the private sector, civil society, the media, and research institutions to reduce maternal and newborn mortality. This report details several entry points that will inspire action on this subject. Every individual, civil society organization, media story, or company investment focused on maternal and newborn health is a step toward improved health outcomes. Each actor has a role to play—assembling actors from all sectors in a holistic approach— “we can ignite change on maternal and newborn mortality.”\n", + "Key Findings": "Through this analysis, the study team identified five themes, or opportunities for investment:\n• Scale successful private facilities to improve access\n• Develop tech solutions to improve communication for service delivery\n• Develop transportation solutions\n• Improve quality of midwifery care through private sector training institutions\n• Tailor financial products for maternal and newborn health", + "Internet URL of Document": "http://www.healthpolicyplus.com/ns/pubs/2-1007_FINALIndonesiaAssessmentReport.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Health Care", + "Financial Services", + "Fast Moving Consumer Goods", + "Transportation and Warehousing" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships", + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID", + "HP+" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Health" + ], + "Type of Document": "Landscape Analysis", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Local Business", + "Financial Institution, Investors, and Intermediaries" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Asia" + ], + "Year": "2016" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Danielle Resnick", + "Nicole Mason" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Zambia" + ], + "Document ID": "1610-Resni-ZMB", + "Document Title": "What Drives Input Subsidy Policy Reform? The Case of Zambia, 2002-2016", + "Document Summary": "Since 2002, the Farmer Input Support Program (FISP) has been a significant cornerstone of Zambia's agricultural policy. In the intervening years, a large body of evidence has repeatedly pointed to concerns over the program: including its inability to achieve its stated objectives, the crowding out of other significant agricultural investments, opportunities for strengthening the private sector, a lack of transparency in the tendering process, and repeated late delivery of inputs. Many of the program's weaknesses are repeated in the government's national development plans and agricultural strategies, including the National Agriculture Investment Plan. Nevertheless, successive Zambian governments have remained committed to continuing FISP, even though the program was initially intended only temporarily to last for three years. Therefore, this paper seeks to explain two main puzzles: Why has FISP evolved from a temporary to an institutionalized component of the country's agricultural policy, despite evidence of significant shortcomings? And when and why have major changes to the program occurred, including the recent introduction of an e-voucher? \n\nTo answer these questions, the paper aims to apply the Kaleidoscope Model (KM) to agricultural and food security policy change to assess the extent to which the operational hypotheses of the KM are robust to a range of applied case studies, including large-scale subsidy programs. As is now well recognized, more than sound technical analysis is needed to result in better-designed policies or improved policy outcomes. Instead, there is increasing recognition that a more in-depth and refined understanding of how policy change occurs and how bottleneck results are a prerequisite for strengthening agricultural and food security policy. Towards that end, the KM provides an applied conceptual framework to explain drivers of policy change in the agricultural and nutritional policy arenas. The framework presented in the paper helps answer why a policy change occurs in one area and not another. The paper focuses on applying the KM to multiple episodes of policy change surrounding the input subsidy, including the initiation of FSP in 2002 and the subsequent reforms that led to FISP as well as the implementation of an electronic voucher ('e-voucher') pilot program within FISP during the 2015/16 agricultural season. Methodologically, the analysis presented here is primarily based on semi-structured interviews with stakeholders in Lusaka, Zambia, and Washington, DC, from August-October 2015. In addition, the study used secondary literature from donor programming documents, implementation manuals for FSP/FISP available from the Ministry of Agricultural and Livestock (MAL), peer-reviewed research, and media reports.\n", + "Key Findings": "Based on the findings here, periods of reform for ISPs are most likely when there is a confluence of multiple factors. These include the emergence of a window of opportunity in the form of either a focusing event (e.g. food crisis) or an institutional shift (e.g. new president or new ruling party) that coincides with broad stakeholder support for empirically-grounded alternatives, available material resources, and sustained commitment from politically important policymakers.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00MCR2.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, and Hunting" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Greenbelt Fertilizers", + "Zambian Fertilizers", + "Katitex", + "Zdenakie", + "Nyiombo", + "Omnia", + "Bridgeway Commodities", + "Nerea", + "Defas Commodities", + "Zamseed", + "Seed Co.", + "Pioneer", + "Panaar", + "Kamano", + "Klein Karoo" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships", + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Feed the Future", + "USAID", + "Michigan State University" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Agriculture and Food Security" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Local Business", + "For-profit approach that generates sustainable income", + "Formal Sector" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2016" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Catherine Grant Makokera", + "Jessica Gajarsa" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "South Africa" + ], + "Document ID": "1611-Grant-ZAF", + "Document Title": "South Africa Report: Assessment of Selected Trade Facilitation Measures in Five Countries in Southern Africa", + "Document Summary": "The trade facilitation measure (TFM) assessment is intended to guide USAID/Southern Africa in its oversight of future trade facilitation (TF) related activities. This report presents results from the South Africa assessment, one of the five countries selected by USAID for the study. The evaluation focuses on capturing stakeholders’ informed views on the future costs and benefits of TFM implementation. It is not intended to assess the costs and benefits of trade measures that have already been implemented. \n\nThe assessment report examines TFMs based primarily on those described in the SADC’s Trade Facilitation Program (TFP), which was developed in consultation with key stakeholders from SADC member states at the request of the SADC Secretariat. The TFP outlines a harmonized approach to TF for SADC member states to use as a blueprint to help meet the WTO TFA’s recommendations. The TFP uses a five-year timeline and covers 28 TFMs clustered around four pillars: transparency, predictability, simplification, and cooperation. The TFP measures roughly correspond to the TFA’s requirements but are not identical. They include such measures as single national windows (NSW), trade information portals, appeals procedures, and an inter-regional transit management system.\n\nThe assessment used a mixed-methods approach to generate and triangulate evidence about the perceptions of a broad spectrum of stakeholders regarding the relative importance of TFMs and how best to sequence them in the countries of study. Data collection methods and sources included comprehensive reviews of national and regional level policy documents and secondary data, in-depth semi-structured KII with knowledgeable stakeholders, and brief online surveys targeting members of trade and supply chain associations in each country of study. This largely qualitative approach generated in-depth country-specific analyses and detailed descriptions of the perceptions of key stakeholders, primarily from private-sector actors involved in different aspects of cross-border trade. The assessment report also provides some descriptive statistics for analyzing collected data. The assessment used these findings to build conclusions on the optimal selection and sequencing of TFMs and recommendations for implementing TF interventions in each country of study. These recommendations will enable USAID and government counterparts to make informed decisions for future programming.", + "Key Findings": "Drawing particularly on the KII findings, the assessment team\ndetermined that improving CBM at Beitbridge would offer the largest range of benefits for South African traders.\n\nThe removal of NTBs presents immediate and tangible benefits,\nparticularly in reducing the cost of transport in South Africa and the rest of the region.\n\nStakeholders broadly considered that there are solid plans already designed to improve the functioning of seaports in South Africa and to strengthen the trade-supporting infrastructure, such as special economic zones (SEZ).", + "Key Recommendations": " USAID should deploy border management and trade experts to southern Africa to identify key interventions and their sequence.\n USAID should facilitate a workshop between key stakeholders in South Africa to understand the practical implications (e.g., ownership of cargo at points along the supply chain) of the new\ncustoms legislation that is expected to enter into force in 2017.\n USAID should host a joint study tour for South African officials and private-sector representatives to consider the experience of other countries, such as Australia, Canada and the U.S., in establishing a BMA.\n USAID should identify potential private-sector associations that it can support through capacity building initiatives, project support, research, training, etc. to advocate more effectively on TF issues at the national and regional levels.\n USAID should work with South African stakeholders to develop a model for an authority for the North-South Corridor.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00N1R4.pdf", + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2016" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "John S. Holtzman" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Regional" + ], + "Document ID": "1611-Holtz-MLT", + "Document Title": "Agricultural Trade Activities under Feed the Future (2010-2016)", + "Document Summary": "Feed the Future (FTF) is the flagship agricultural development and food security initiative of the United States Government (USG). FTF’s strategy is to promote inclusive, agricultural-led economic growth that reduces global poverty, hunger, and malnutrition among women and children. This report focuses on Feed the Future efforts to promote intraregional and international agricultural trade during the Feed the Future era (since 2009). It is a thematic overview that uses examples from FTF projects and activities to illustrate programmatic thrusts, though not an exhaustive inventory of Feed the Future interventions.\n\nA central point of this paper is that trade policy and regulatory reform matter in creating opportunities within growing agrifood systems. Domestic market opportunities alone may not provide sufficient outlets for farmers; regional demand can complement national demand and provide attractive market opportunities for producers of staple food crops and higher-value agricultural products. This paper, therefore, lays out the scope and objectives of trade policy activities within Feed the Future to:\n\n1) Improve policies within international and regional frameworks that reduce trade barriers, decrease tariff and non-tariff barriers, and eliminate export bans.\n2) Build capacity to implement science-based regulations for improved sanitary and phytosanitary systems, grades, and food safety standards.\n3) Streamline border procedures, develop one-stop border posts and single secure windows, develop IT innovations to speed up paperwork and transit, and improve and make more transparent systems for the collection, analysis, and use of reliable data on trade flows, market prices, stocks of crucial staples (especially grain), and anticipated imports from international markets.\n4) Improve policies, regulations, facilities, and financial and other services that make for an improved enabling environment for the public and mainly private investments in infrastructure and services that will open up markets and trade and encourage the development of value chains.\n5) Increase competition and efficiency of domestic markets and build private sector capacity to achieve international standards.\n\nFeed the Future trade policy programs are working at various levels of engagement. At the highest level, USAID engages with regional economic communities (RECs) and organizations, directly providing financial and technical support and attention on policy and trade matters of USAID staff in regional and bilateral missions. Regional missions have also funded, among other things, projects that address regional harmonization of seed, fertilizer, and pesticide regulations. USAID regional investments typically target facilitating and promoting international trade (via AGOA in SSA) and intraregional trade (via FtF funding streams). There are many USAID bilateral mission projects explicitly and directly address policy and regulatory issues, as well as bilateral projects where policy and regulatory problems affecting specific value chains are identified and brought to governments’ attention.\n", + "Key Findings": "Feed the Future has invested in facilitating trade, improving policy and regulatory regimes, better functioning of domestic marketing systems, and expanded intraregional trade in agricultural inputs and products in support of agricultural growth. Addressing Constraints to Trade in key staples (grain, beans, e.g.) is an important Feed the Future goal that underpins USAID regional mission programs and implicitly many FTF bilateral projects. As developing country food systems modernize and increasing numbers of urban consumers demand safe, high-quality food, SPS and food safety issues take on greater importance. A hallmark of FTF’s value chain approach is linking small farmers to markets. Feed the Future has focused largely on staple food crop value chains in selected ZOIs, but there is increasing investment in diversification through USAID projects and programs in horticulture, livestock (including dairy, poultry), and high-value cash crops such as coffee and cotton.", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, and Hunting" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Agriculture and Food Security" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Micro, Small, or Medium Enterprise", + "Local Business", + "For-profit approach that generates sustainable income", + "Formal Sector" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2016" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Karamoja Resilience Support Unit" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Uganda" + ], + "Document ID": "1611-Karam-UGA-A", + "Document Title": "Karamoja Donors Mapping Report", + "Document Summary": "The Karamoja Development Partners Group (KDPG) comprises donors and UN agencies working in the Karamoja sub-region. Key objectives include enhancing dialogue between development partners and the Government of Uganda (GoU) at both national and regional levels and strengthening coordination and harmonization between development partners, including alignment with GoU priorities as expressed in the Karamoja Integrated Development Plan. This donor mapping exercise has been compiled by the USAID-supported Karamoja Resilience Unit (KRSU) on behalf of the KDPG. The KRSU is playing a critical role in helping the KDPG and working to improve analysis, collaborative learning, and evidence-based decision-making.\n\nThe ten donors who have inputted to this mapping exercise – Department for International Development (UK), USAID, World Bank, Irish Aid, SIDA (Sweden), EU, Germany, Japan, KOICA (Korea), and Italy provide a significant majority of the external funds flows to Karamoja. These funds are channeled through local and central Governments, UN agencies, and Civil Society Organizations. Other external funds flow to Karamoja include those from foundations such as the MasterCard Foundation and own funding from UN agencies and CSOs. This is the second year that the KDPG has produced this mapping exercise. This year it is estimated that these ten donors will provide €89 million (approx. 380 billion Ugx) during 2017.\n\nThe analysis in this report demonstrates that this funding is provided across all sectors with a particular focus on essential service delivery (KIDP strategic objective 1) and food security (KIDP strategic objective 6). Karamoja is going through a period of transition. There will be increasing engagement and investment from donors as efforts continue to combat poverty and inequality and sustain socio-economic development. The KDPG will continue to play its part in supporting strengthened coordination and information sharing with you and other key stakeholders, including updating this mapping exercise annually.\n\n", + "Key Findings": "There are 10 major bilateral donors supporting development activities in karamoja. In 2017 the 10 bilateral donors’ spending is estimated to be 89 million Euros, which is approximately 380 billion Ugx. DFID’s support represents 28% of the total estimated donors’ spending in Karamoja followed by USAID, WB and Irish AID with 25%, 14% and 10% respectively.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00D5QG.pdf", + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Reputation and Credible Convening Power" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID", + "Feed the Future" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth", + "Conflict" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2016" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Karamoja Resilience Support Unit" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Uganda" + ], + "Document ID": "1611-Karam-UGA-B", + "Document Title": "Karamoja NGO Mapping Report", + "Document Summary": "Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) are critical in providing development programming in Karamoja. Of the 46 projects supported by bilateral donors, 22 are implemented by national and international NGOs. This mapping exercise has been compiled by the USAID-supported Karamoja Resilience Support Unit (KRSU) on behalf of the Karamoja Development Partners Group (KDPG). A crucial role of the KDPG is to support strengthened coordination and dialogue between all the key stakeholders in Karamoja. The KRSU is playing a critical role in helping the KDPG and working to improve analysis, collaborative learning, and evidence-based decision-making.\n\nOf the 59 NGOs this exercise surveyed are operational in Karamoja, and most have been inputted. A significant majority of the funding to these NGOs is coming from the ten bi-lateral donors operating in Karamoja: Department for International Development (UK), USAID, World Bank, Irish Aid, SIDA (Sweden), EU, Germany, Japan, KOICA (Korea) and Italy. This funding is either provided directly to NGOs or through UN agencies. Other external funds flow to Karamoja include those from foundations such as the Master Card Foundation, UN agencies, and NGOs. \n\nThe analysis in this report demonstrates that funding is provided across all sectors with a particular focus on essential service delivery (Karamoja Integrated Development Plan strategic objective 3) and food security (KIDP strategic objective 6). It will be necessary to know that this is a living document that will be updated periodically. Karamoja is going through a transition period, and there will be increasing engagement and investment from donors working in partnership with central and local Governments, UN agencies, and NGOs. The KDPG will continue to play its part in supporting strengthened coordination and information sharing between these critical stakeholders in our shared efforts to contribute to poverty reduction in Karamoja.", + "Key Findings": "The distribution of projects across the various districts is relatively uniform with most of the districts except in Moroto where there are many implementing partners and more number of active projects and in Abim where there are less than half the numbers of projects in Moroto.\n\nMost NGOs support multiple sectors and a few partners specialize in specific sectors. Overall the distribution of partner’s effort on the various sectors is balanced except for the livelihoods sector, where close to 70% of the actors are actively engaged in.\n\nThe donors that support the majority of projects in Karamoja include DFID, USAID, WB, Irish Aid, EU, SIDA, Germany, KOICA, Italy and Japan, Other sources of funding for projects in Karamoja are foundations such as MasterCard foundation, Nike Foundation, and Eleanor Crook Foundation (ECF) and a number of private donations and the NGOs own sources.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00D5QH.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Retail", + "Financial Services" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "MasterCard", + "Nike", + "Eleanor Crook Foundation (ECF)" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Reputation and Credible Convening Power" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID", + "Feed the Future" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth", + "Conflict" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Multi-national Business", + "American Business", + "For-profit approach that generates sustainable income", + "Corporate Foundation", + "Financial Institution, Investors, and Intermediaries", + "Formal Sector", + "Large Enterprise" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2016" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Richard Kazis", + "Martha Ross" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "United States" + ], + "Document ID": "1611-Ross-USA-pr", + "Document Title": "Renew the federal commitment to high-quality summer youth employment programs", + "Document Summary": "Renew the federal commitment to high-quality summer youth employment program proposal recommends a five-year, $1.5 billion federally funded competitive grant program to support summer jobs programs locally. The program would build on the political will in cities across the country to offer summer employment opportunities to more young people. It would also deepen the knowledge base about effective practices and build local capacity to operate high-quality programs. The program would award approximately $300 million annually through implementation and planning grants. Grants would support communities of varying sizes and demographics and programs at different stages of maturity. Implementation grants would include an evaluation component. A learning community would accelerate and document promising practices. The recommendation is similar to the Opening Doors for Youth proposal in the Obama Administration’s 2017 budget request and the Opening Doors for Youth Act of 2016 introduced by Rep. Scott (D-VA). Both would send $1.5 billion over four years through the public workforce system to support summer employment opportunities for young people. However, this proposal uses a competitive grant process, rather than formula funds and focuses on building capacity at the local level to plan and implement program improvement strategies. \n\nIn terms of program design, the proposal highlights that the Department of Labor will administer the program and award both planning and implementation grants. Eligible grantees will be public entities that oversee or administer the programs funded by WIOA, such as local workforce investment boards and employment services agencies. A subset of funding (20 percent) will be dedicated to programs serving the hardest-to-employ, most at-risk, and disconnected youth to promote and learn from efforts to incorporate summer jobs into effective interventions for this population. Eligible uses of funds include wages for youth, staff, programming, evaluation, and technology infrastructure supporting program activities, including data and management systems. Grantees will commit to evaluating their programs, using research approaches appropriate to programs at different levels of development and maturity. Grantees will participate in a federally supported learning community designed to accelerate and document promising and effective practices, complemented by coaching and technical assistance. Finally, the grantees will be encouraged to experiment with new models, develop new services, enhance existing services, and establish new partnerships. The proposal concludes that in recent years summer job programs have recaptured the imagination of policymakers, businesses, and the public. Young people show their desire for work by enrolling in droves, often exceeding the number of available positions. We need to do better for these youth by ensuring that the programs are effective and provide maximum value to participating young people and local employers.", + "Key Findings": "Summer youth employment programs are one way to expand opportunity for\nyoung people who may otherwise struggle in the labor market, particularly low-income,\nblack, and Latino youth.\n• However, cities face operational and budgetary constraints in developing and\nexpanding quality summer youth employment programs.\n• A five-year $1.5 billion federally funded competitive grant program could fill this\ngap, supporting cities in identifying, adapting, and scaling effective practices.\n", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.brookings.edu/research/renew-the-federal-commitment-to-high-quality-summer-youth-employment-programs/", + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Brookings" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Youth" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Education and Social Services", + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "Peer-reviewed article or other research report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Local Business" + ], + "Year": "2016" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Kathy Tilford" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Pakistan" + ], + "Document ID": "1611-Tiflo-PAK", + "Document Title": "Final Evaluation of the Saving Mothers and Newborns in Communities Project", + "Document Summary": "Balochistan Province, Pakistan. The FSA provided an opportunity to take stock of accomplishments to date and to listen to the stakeholders at all levels. In-country partners will use the FSA report at the national, provincial, and local levels; USAID (Child Survival and Health Grants Program [CSHGP], Global Health Bureau, USAID Missions), the Maternal and Child Survival Program (MCSP), and other CSHGP grantees; and the international global health community as a source of evidence to help inform decisions about future program designs and policies.\n\nIn addition to answering the assessment questions, the FSA report also focused on four Learning Agenda themes, which were selected jointly with the Balochistan Department of Health (DoH) to provide the information needed to improve Community Midwives (CMW) policies and programs. These themes were improving the selection process to recruit and deploy CMWs; promoting financial self-sustainability for CMWs; ensuring that CMWs provide quality care; and streamlining reporting using mobile phones.\n\nThe methodology consisted of this assessment of a participatory mixed-methods approach that included two principal components: a comprehensive desk review of secondary quantitative and qualitative data sources and qualitative data collection. Additional information was acquired through Skype calls and e-mail exchanges with project staff. The main limitation was that security concerns meant that the evaluation field team could not access remote sites. Since the project had recently completed several qualitative and quantitative community-level surveys in the target area, the team ensured that engagement with stakeholders focused primarily on information gaps. The field team could not visit remote areas for FGDs due to security issues, so CMWs and the LHWs/LHVs/LHSs were invited to the project’s district field offices. The FGDs with female community members were held in the homes of Lead Mothers. In Kech, the security situation meant that male team members could not travel there; only the female team member conducted interviews in this district. However, this did not appear to affect the data quality.\n", + "Key Findings": "The project achieved its main objectives: it increased access to quality maternal and neonatal health services for families in underserved areas and provided tested Community Midwives (CMW) program interventions for replication throughout Balochistan.\n\n95 midwives were trained and equipped. A clinical skills refresher course was endorsed by Pakistan Nursing Council (PNC) and a business course was added to the midwifery training.\n\nA new 5 year maternal, newborn and child health (MNCH) strategy for Balochistan with a major component for CMW was introduced.\n", + "Key Recommendations": "1. Prepare a briefing paper that summarizes the main findings and recommendations from the Learning Agenda exercise; ensure wide-spread dissemination and follow-up.\n2. Commit resources to continue supportive monitoring and supervision of CMWs and invest in regular refresher training on technical themes and business skills for CMWs.\n3. Continue with the plan to integrate the mHealth application into the MNCH MIS.\n4. Continue the policy forums (Provincial Steering Committee and Technical Working Group), especially for overseeing the implementation of the Balochistan MNCH Strategy.\n5. Mobilize resources and partners for implementing the Balochistan MNCH Strategy.\n6. Create a more collaborative working relationship between CMWs and Lady Health Workers (LHWs).\n7. Make quality staffing of midwifery schools a priority.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/pa00mfd9.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Health Care" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Mercy Corps" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments", + "Risk-Mitigation and Flexible Authorities" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Advancing Learning and Market Research;", + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Health" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Micro, Small, or Medium Enterprise" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Afghanistan and Pakistan" + ], + "Year": "2016" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Muhammad Imran Zin Zawawi", + "Udayangani Kulatunga", + "Menaha Thayaparan" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Malaysia", + "Philippines", + "China", + "India", + "Indonesia", + "Chile", + "Korea (South)", + "South Africa", + "United States", + "Australia", + "Argentina", + "Italy", + "Costa Rica" + ], + "Document ID": "1611-Zawaw-MYS-pr", + "Document Title": "Malaysian experience with public-private partnership (PPP): Managing unsolicited proposal", + "Document Summary": "Lack of competition in procurement processes may affect sustainable procurement due to overpriced and low-quality infrastructure. This paper aims to investigate the current practices in Malaysian public-private partnerships (PPP) in handling unsolicited proposals within PPP and to suggest ways in which the practices can be improved to achieve sustainability. The case study was conducted in which 13 semi-structured interviews were carried out with different groups: the policymakers, the practitioners, and the experts. The study also scrutinized published guidelines and relevant regulations used by the management of unsolicited proposals in Malaysian PPP. This study takes a social constructionism viewpoint in the philosophical paradigm.\n\nThis paper has analyzed the practice of Malaysia in dealing with the unsolicited proposal. Unsolicited proposal in Malaysia seems to be a catalyst for the nation in procuring various facilities and services. Although, in the Malaysian experience, the original proposers wish to have exclusivity for the concession, the government needs to allow these opportunities appropriately for the private sector while reminding themselves always to uphold good governance practices. Direct negotiation for unsolicited proposals makes the government lose its bargaining power, thus enabling concessionary companies to make excess profits from the government over a prolonged period. This may result in government spending and unacceptable deficits due to the high cost, further affecting the sustainable procurement goals. The long-term payment due to the private partner might exceed the potential cost saving from the earlier phase. Direct negotiation with a single company may lead to corruption and abuse of power. This may be resolved by introducing competitive elements within the unsolicited proposal and transparencies, which will help achieve sustainable procurement goals. \n", + "Key Findings": "The Government of Malaysia welcomes unsolicited proposals from the private sector, even though it does not publish any established mechanisms to handle such proposals. Lack of competition in unsolicited proposals is a major concern in achieving sustainable goals of procurement. This could be addressed by introducing a competitive element to unsolicited proposals.", + "Internet URL of Document": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/BEPAM-10-2015-0059", + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;", + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Built Environment Project and Asset Management" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "Peer-reviewed article or other research report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "For-profit Commercial Entity", + "Formal Sector" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Asia", + "Latin America and the Carribean", + "Africa", + "Europe and Eurasia" + ], + "Year": "2016" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "ACDI/VOCA" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "1612-ACDI-GLO", + "Document Title": "Leveraging Economic Opportunities: Final Performance Report", + "Document Summary": "This report presents key activities, lessons learned, and accomplishments of the Leveraging Economic Opportunities (LEO) project. The report provides the details of project performance over three years (October 1, 2013 – November 13, 2016). The LEO Project served as USAID’s primary vehicle for learning market systems approaches and a convener of knowledge and best practices among its implementing partners. Leveraging the expertise of a diverse array of specialists and practitioners around the globe, the project pushed the boundaries of market systems theory, translating it into practice by bringing stakeholders together in a variety of mediums and locales, developing capacity-building guides and tool kits, producing frameworks to help make sense of complex ideas and approaches, and conducting assessments and advisory services in real-world markets, Mission contexts, and projects. LEO’s primary purpose was to deepen and widen the capacity of USAID staff and its development partners to use evidence-based, good practices to design new projects and activities that promote inclusive market development, effectively manage their implementation, and evaluate their results.\n\nThe report presents a summary of LEO’s activities with hyperlinks to all publications; highlights critical areas of influence and significance as well as lessons learned; posits several areas of focus for future learning agendas, drawing on LEO’s work; and presents the life of project results for each of LEO’s metrics. Building on a framework for inclusive market systems developed early in the project; the report explores a comprehensive learning agenda that includes the M&E for Market Systems, Facilitation, Understanding & Measuring Systemic Change, Women’s Economic Empowerment, Resilience, Sustainable Poverty Escapes, Scaling Impact through Agricultural Input and Output Markets, and Pathways out of Poverty: Labor, and Push/Pull Approaches. During its life, LEO pushed the boundaries of market systems theory and practice across this learning agenda through a wide array of documentation to lay out frameworks, critical principles, implementation guidance, and terms. Primary research and extensive literature reviews; multi-country case studies and ‘deep dives’; practical tools, intervention guides, and job aides.\n", + "Key Findings": "• Monitoring and evaluation, including understanding systemic change—LEO addressed specific challenges associated with monitoring and evaluating market systems facilitation interventions.\n\n• Facilitation—LEO shared tools and practical examples of facilitation in the field, encouraging peer-to-peer learning, and documenting approaches to build transformational capacities such as trust and innovation.\n\n• Women’s economic empowerment—LEO supported efforts to identify interventions that empower women through market development.\n\n• Models for reaching scale—LEO identified models that link farmers to inputs, markets and services, and undertook research to explore the factors that enable these models to succeed.\n\n• Resilience—LEO investigated how market systems can contribute to household resilience and can themselves be made resilient.\n", + "Key Recommendations": "1. Focus on urbanization (including small towns), wage workers and labor markets, migration, and the influence of the rural non-farm economy.\n\n2. Retain a core focus on market systems.\n\n3. Continue to invest in practical examples of facilitation ‘in action.'\n\n4. Build on the industry-wide attention to adaptive management and Collaboration, Learning, and Adapting (CLA).\n\n5. Within M&E, there is further need to explore contribution analysis, to refine the definitions, measurement methodologies, and overall acceptance for the full range of beneficiaries reached by market systems programming. ", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00MG9P.pdf", + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2016" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Stephen Ezell", + "Scott M. Andes" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "United States" + ], + "Document ID": "1612-Andes-USA-pr", + "Document Title": "Localizing the economic impact of research and development: Policy proposals for the Trump administration and Congress", + "Document Summary": "The investments government and businesses make in basic and applied research development (R&D) plant the seeds for the technologies, products, firms, and industries of tomorrow. They contribute substantially to the fact that at least one-half of America’s economic growth can be attributed to scientific and technological innovation. The increased complexity of technological innovation and the growing strength of America’s economic competitors mean that it’s no longer enough to fund scientific and engineering research simply and hope it gets translated into commercial results. The U.S. government needs to expand federal research support and, just as important, improve the efficiency of the process by which federally funded knowledge creation leads to U.S. innovation and jobs. This report provides 50 policy actions clustering them into five different categories that the Trump administration and Congress can take to bolster America’s technology transfer, commercialization, and innovation capacity, from the local to the national level. These recommendations include: 1) Strengthen innovation districts and regional technology clusters, 2) Bolster institutions supporting tech transfer, commercialization, and innovation, 3) Expand technology transfer and commercialization-related programs and investments, 4) Promote high-growth, tech-based entrepreneurship, and 5) Stimulate private-sector innovation. ", + "Key Findings": "The investments government and businesses make in basic and applied research and development (R&D) plant the seeds for the technologies, products, firms, and industries of tomorrow. They contribute substantially to the fact that at least one-half of America’s economic growth can be attributed to scientific and technological innovation. But the increased complexity of technological innovation as well as the growing strength of America’s economic competitors mean that it’s no longer enough to simply fund scientific and engineering research and hope it gets translated into commercial results. The U.S. government needs to expand federal support for research and, just as important, it needs to improve the efficiency of the process by which federally funded knowledge creation leads to U.S. innovation and jobs.", + "Key Recommendations": "To stimulate private sector innovation, the incoming administration should work with Congress on the following policies.\n1. Implement innovation vouchers.\n2. Incentivize “megafunds” around high-risk research and development.\n3. Increase R&D tax credit generosity.\n4. Ensure that small and medium-sized enterprises are familiar with available R&D tax credits.\n5. Implement an innovation box to spur enterprises’ efforts to\ncommercialize technologies.\n6. Revise the tax code to support innovation by research-intensive, pre-revenue companies.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://itif.org/publications/2016/12/07/localizing-economic-impact-research-and-development-policy-proposals-trump", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Technology" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Brookings" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "White Paper/Think Tank Report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "For-profit Commercial Entity", + "Formal Sector", + "American Business", + "Local Business" + ], + "Year": "2016" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Stephen Ezell", + "Scott Andes" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "United States" + ], + "Document ID": "1612-Andes-USA-pr", + "Document Title": "Localizing the economic impact of research and development: Policy proposals for the Trump administration and Congress", + "Key Findings": "The investments government and businesses make in basic and applied research and development (R&D) plant the seeds for the technologies, products, firms, and industries of tomorrow. They contribute substantially to the fact that at least one-half of America’s economic growth can be attributed to scientific and technological innovation1. But the increased complexity of technological innovation as well as the growing strength of America’s economic competitors mean that it’s no longer enough to simply fund scientific and engineering research and hope it gets translated into commercial results. The U.S. government needs to expand federal support for research and, just as important, it needs to improve the efficiency of the process by which federally funded knowledge creation leads to U.S. innovation and jobs.", + "Key Recommendations": "This report provides 50 policy actions the Trump administration and Congress can take to bolster America’s technology transfer, commercialization, and innovation capacity, from the local to the national level. For stimulating private sector innovation, it was recommended that the incoming administration should work with Congress on the following policies.\n- Implement innovation vouchers \n- Incentivize “megafunds” around high-risk research and development \n- Increase R&D tax credit generosity \n- Ensure that small and medium-sized enterprises are familiar with available R&D tax credits \n- Implement an innovation box to spur enterprises’ efforts to commercialize technologies \n- Revise the tax code to support innovation by research-intensive, pre-revenue companies.\n", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.brookings.edu/research/localizing-the-economic-impact-of-research-and-development/", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Technology" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments", + "Risk-Mitigation and Flexible Authorities" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment", + "Advancing Learning and Market Research;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Brookings" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "White Paper/Think Tank Report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "American Business", + "Local Business", + "For-profit Commercial Entity", + "Formal Sector" + ], + "Year": "2016" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Lee Briggs", + "Patricia Vondal", + "Charu Vijayakumar", + "Michael Maxey", + "Allyson Bear", + "Derek Byerlee", + "Lauren Rosapep", + "Amun Nadeem", + "William Fiebig" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Bangladesh", + "Ghana", + "Guatemala", + "Malawi", + "Uganda" + ], + "Document ID": "1612-Brigg-MLT-A", + "Document Title": "Feed the Future Global Performance Evaluation Report", + "Document Summary": "This global performance evaluation of Feed the Future assesses the initiative’s progress and achievements for learning and accountability purposes. This independent evaluation addresses questions on Feed the Future’s implementation and results, including the program’s contribution to the goals of reducing poverty and stunting by 20% as an average across focus countries. The evaluation’s findings and conclusions inform a set of recommendations for improvement in the design and implementation of the ongoing and future efforts for global food security and nutrition.\n\nThe assessment used a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods and data sources. Key informant interviews (KIIs) and group interviews were conducted in Washington, D.C., and five focus countries: Bangladesh, Ghana, Guatemala, Malawi, and Uganda. Interviewed participants included personnel from USG agencies, staff of implementing partners (IPs), host country governments, and other relevant stakeholders. A total of 327 persons were interviewed. Surveys were sent to all 19 focus countries, five regionally based programs, and the ten various aligned countries. Each mission was asked to assign up to two staff members to respond to the surveys, totaling up to 68 potential responses. A total of 28 survey responses were received from the field. Evaluation questions were addressed through interviews and surveys, data from the Feed the Future Monitoring System (FTFMS) and Population-Based Surveys (PBS), and extensive document review. \n\nTriangulation was used throughout the research process to address various threats to validity. This triangulation included using multiple research methods, multiple data sources, and regular and continuous peer review of findings, analysis, and conclusions. USAID was consulted regularly, including in an initial assessment of emerging findings and conclusions, to validate the research process and support utilization-focused analysis. Additionally, emerging findings and conclusions were shared with an External Oversight Committee. The results and conclusions from this performance evaluation, which examines Feed the Future performance across the years 2009 – 2016, will provide opportunities for learning which approaches and implementation actions work well. These will inform recommendations for improving the design and implementation of the next five-year iteration of the Feed the Future initiative. This evaluation will support resource allocation decisions and inform Feed the Future partners that they can adapt to modify projects and activities in ways that will improve their effectiveness in specific country settings.", + "Key Findings": "The Feed the Future Initiative is performing well against each of its eight Intermediate Results (IRs), providing evidence that the Feed the Future Initiative is contributing to reductions in global poverty and hunger. While FTFMS data show that most value chains are on target to meet fiscal year (FY) 2016 and/or FY 2017 outcome-level targets and that Feed the Future assisted many smallholders to expand their production of staple and micronutrient-dense crops, the sustainability of those outcomes with respect to agricultural productivity in some countries has been negatively impacted due to the effects of the recent El Niño. All four indicators measuring IR 8 (improved use of maternal and child nutrition services) displayed a positive trend in aggregate performance and overall, the portfolio reviews show that almost all focus countries are on track to meet the FY 2016 portfolio review target on nutritional impact and activity-level results.", + "Key Recommendations": "1. Provide clear guidance on integrating agriculture and nutrition\n\n2. Revise monitoring systems to capture and reward systems-level work\n\n3. Reconcile systems-level work with selectivity and focus of value chains and ZOI\n\n4. Encourage synergistic collaboration at the country level", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PBAAF131.pdf", + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships", + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID", + "Feed the Future" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Agriculture and Food Security" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Asia", + "Africa", + "Latin America and the Carribean" + ], + "Year": "2016" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Colombia", + "Ghana", + "Georgia" + ], + "Document ID": "1612-USAID-GLO", + "Document Title": "Private Sector Partnerships: Achieving Enduring Results", + "Document Summary": "This study examines approximately forty of USAID's private sector partnerships that ended in FY2014 to understand what endured after the partnerships and how partnership design and implementation affected these outcomes. In instances where partnership results persist, this report investigates the extent to which enduring results emerge, specifically from the private sector partners' involvement in the program. The report also offers a set of learnings from the partnerships it reviewed and recommendations that can support enduring results in future collaborations. \n\nMethodologically, the study began by reviewing all available USAID documentation to understand each partnership's context and objectives better. Given the absence of ex-post analyses within existing documentation, the study followed interviews as the primary data source. The study interviewed fifty-three stakeholders: twenty-three private sector partners, twenty-nine USAID points of contact (POCs), and one government official. The interviews were supplemented with desk research, which first entailed a review of available USAID documentation. This was complemented by web searches, particularly of company websites, press releases, and other platforms covering stakeholders involved in each partnership. The study also conducted field visits in Colombia to study five of the initial thirty-nine partnerships further. \n\nGiven the project's particular scope, this study also has some significant limitations. The study is a partial examination of only some of USAID's PPPs. Instead, it reviews approximately forty of those partnerships that ended in 2014. Therefore, the initial findings outlined here should be validated, refined, and built upon as additional data is gathered on these or other partnerships. The study does not assess whether private-sector partnerships produce more enduring or better results than partnerships that do not involve private-sector partners. This study examines whether or not results are sustained and scaled, but not the quality of results. This study is not an impact assessment of the partnerships; it focuses on the sustainability and scalability of results rather than the results themselves. Data about the post-partnership periods could be more precise. No ex-post evaluations were available for the reviewed partnerships, and very few sources with factual information on what happened after USAID funding ended.\n", + "Key Findings": "• Market-oriented activities conducted either by partners or by beneficiaries have a higher likelihood of enduring than non-market-oriented partnerships.\n• PPPs designed around a core business opportunity for a profit-driven partner have a high likelihood of creating enduring results.\n• By contrast, partnerships with profit-seeking partners engaging in CSR activities that are not linked to their core business – whether market- oriented or non-market-oriented – are less likely to achieve sustainability. \n• The private sector played a critical role in nine partnerships of the eleven that sustained and scaled.\n• Private sector relationships are most additive as an asset when used to create market linkages.\n• Not surprisingly, of the six instances where the private sector actor could have been any type of actor, our did not sustain.\n• Policy change can be particularly effective when combining private sector assets with government capabilities.\n• Capacity-building produces enduring results only in conjunction with a different pathway to sustainability.\n• Partnerships that achieve policy change demonstrate strong potential to both sustain and scale, without requiring additional funding.\n• Partnerships with corporations that have a strong local presence are more likely to have results that are financially self-sustaining.\n", + "Key Recommendations": "1. Intentionally pursue more market-oriented partnerships with private sector partners. These partnerships should provide critical additionality (ideally through the relationships and/or specialized capabilities of private sector partners) and chart a clear path to sustainability and scale at the outset.\n2. Strengthen USAID practitioners’ and partners’ understanding of expectations for sustainability and scale in USAID’s PPPs.\n3. Modify internal partnership data collection and/or analysis to track sustainability and scale outcomes.\n4. Promote knowledge sharing and peer-to-peer learning on partnership sustainability.\n5. Incorporate key success factors for market-oriented pathways to achieve sustainability and scale.\n6. Ensure continuity of people involved or the transfer of key information in design and especially implementation.\n7. Build checkpoints on sustainability into ongoing partnership processes – and course-correct as needed.\n8. Be intentional about scale during planning and implementation.\n9. Gather insights on implementation by incorporating select metrics into the annual data collection cycle and/or partnership health surveys that are conducted periodically.\n10. Incentivize midterm reporting on progress toward goals for sustainability and scale.\n11. Set expectations for ex-post reporting.\n12. Create incentives for ex-post reporting.\n", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Financial Services", + "Food & Beverage", + "Arts and entertainment" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Atento", + "Movistar", + "Coltabaco", + "Postobon", + "FENALCO", + "MTV", + "Ajinomoto", + "AgriGeorgia (Ferrerro)", + "Postobon" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Ability to Influence Policy", + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge", + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships", + "Reputation and Credible Convening Power" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;", + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Youth" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Democracy, Human Rights, & Governance", + "Economic Growth", + "Humanitarian Assistance", + "Agriculture and Food Security", + "Health" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa", + "Asia", + "Latin America and the Carribean" + ], + "Year": "2016" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Senegal" + ], + "Document ID": "1612-USAID-SEN", + "Document Title": "USAID/COMFISH Project PENCOO GEJ (Collaborative Management for a Sustainable Fisheries Future in Senegal): Final Performance Report", + "Document Summary": "The Collaborative Management for a Sustainable Fisheries Future in Senegal project (USAID/COMFISH) is a five-year initiative (February 14, 2011 - September 30, 2016) funded by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). The project is implemented through a Cooperative Agreement between USAID and the University of Rhode Island (URI). The objective of USAID/COMFISH was to support the Ministry of Fisheries and Maritime Economy through its technical directorates, particularly the Maritime Fisheries Directorate (DPM), in its efforts to achieve reform in the fisheries sector as stated in the former Fisheries Sector Policy Letter (LSP) and reaffirmed in the new “Lettre de Politique Sectorielle et de Development de la Pêche et de l’Aquaculture (LPSD/PA) of 2015. USAID/COMFISH also aimed to promote biodiversity conservation, fisheries sector sustainable livelihoods, gender equity, and adaptation to the impacts of climate change.\n\nThis is the Final Performance Report of the USAID/COMFISH project: providing an overall description of the recipient’s activities and attainment of results during the life of the Agreement, an assessment of progress made towards accomplishing the objective, and outstanding results. Section one of the report provides an executive summary followed by background on the fisheries sector in Senegal and presents the project objectives and expected results in section 2. Part three of the report gives project progress made toward accomplishing the goal. Part four provides a more detailed description of the significance of the activities. Part five of the report is a compilation of success stories from the project. Part six provides the recommendations based on findings with the financial summary under section 7. The annexes outline Performance Management Plan Results and a list of Technical Documents Produced by USAID/COMFISH.\n", + "Key Findings": "The project put in place participatory fisheries co-management plans for two priority stocks (Sardinella and Ethmalosa) based on the concept of ecosystem scale fisheries co-management, and using Local Artisanal Fisheries Councils as the co-management entry point from an institutional point of view.\n\nOne of the innovations of the project was the application of a unifying paradigm: the Sustainable Management Unit (SMU) concept that was accepted by the Maritime Fisheries Directorate (DPM).\n\nThe key stocks on which the USAID/COMFISH project worked were identified through a consultative and participatory process involving CLPAs at the intervention sites, the central fisheries administration, the decentralized services of the Ministry of Fisheries, associations of fishery professionals, universities, and representatives of other projects and donors involved in the fisheries sector.\n\nFive participatory, ecosystem-based management plans for Sardinella were prepared, validated by CLPA fisheries actors and approved by the Minister of Fisheries and Maritime Economy.\n\nThe capacities of institutions and actors were strengthened at all levels to provide them with tools, approaches and knowledge to enable them to contribute effectively to reform in the fisheries sector and to change behavior in favor of sustainable co management of fisheries resources in Senegal.", + "Key Recommendations": "1. Continued CLPA capacity development and monitoring.\n\n2. Implementation and monitoring of Local Agreements.\n\n3. Implementation of Sardinella and Ethmalosa management plans.\n\n4. Pursue the implementation of the National Climate Change\nAdaptation Plan for Fisheries.\n\n5. Take action at the national level and regional level to combat IUU fishing. ", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00TGTJ.pdf", + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Agriculture and Food Security" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2016" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Ravi Peri", + "R. Schuyler House", + "Xun Wu" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "India", + "China", + "France", + "Germany" + ], + "Document ID": "1612-Wu-MLT-pr", + "Document Title": "Public-private partnerships (PPPs) in water and sanitation in India: Lessons from China", + "Document Summary": "Since the 1990s, China has emerged as one of the world’s most active markets for public-private partnerships (PPPs) in water and sanitation. In contrast, the private sector has played a rather limited role in the water sector in India. From 2001 to 2012, there were 237 PPP projects in water and sanitation in China, accounting for 40% of the total number of such projects globally. The Chinese population served by private water companies increased from 8% in 1989 to 38% in 2008. The development of PPPs in the water sector in India during the same period was insignificant. This comparative analysis report of PPPs in water and sanitation in the two countries highlights the importance of water tariff reform, strong support and oversight from the national government, and the availability of credible regulatory mechanisms to safeguard the development and sustainability of PPPs in the water sector.\n\nThe report describes that light on China’s development of water PPPs since the early 2000s has turned the country into a leader for such projects globally. Indeed, some of China’s success can be attributed to its particular political and bureaucratic climate. In the face of robust central control and bureaucratic coordination and with limited direct democracy, reforms that involve private sector participation in sectors traditionally dominated by public enterprises are arguably easier to sail through than they would be in contexts with high levels of public voice. In China, where public protest and intergovernmental (multilevel) conflicts are moderate, privatization is less strongly resisted by consumer citizens and local agencies. Further, the central government may be more willing to provide risk-management functions, and centrally coordinated control and regulatory systems may be more easily implemented locally. In these senses, China does not offer the full spectrum of lessons important to India. Some practical examples undoubtedly can be drawn from successes and failures in China’s PPPs and potentially from successes and failures in countries with similar politics.\n\nNevertheless, while India and China are different operating contexts, there are transferable lessons from China’s experiences with water PPPs that may be applied to India’s underdeveloped portfolio. In particular, India should consider difficult but necessary water tariff reform and create a policy environment that promotes sound regulation, which would add impetus to developing water and sanitation programs and attractiveness of infrastructure investment to local companies. Lastly, the evidence presented here demonstrates the importance of developing local private-sector technical capacity and government contract-management capacity, a unified system of central-local support (both financial and technical) on the government side, and a network of centrally coordinated regulators.", + "Key Findings": "Since the 1990s China has emerged as one of the world’s most active markets for public-private partnerships (PPPs) in water and sanitation, while the private sector has played a rather limited role in the water sector in India. From 2001 to 2012, there were 237 PPP projects in water and sanitation in China, accounting for 40% of the total number of such projects globally, and the Chinese population served by private water companies increased from merely 8% in 1989 to 38% in 2008. Development of PPPs in the water sector in India during the same period was\ninsignificant. Our comparative analysis of PPPs in water and sanitation in the two countries highlights the importance of water tariff reform, strong support and oversight from the national government, and the availability of credible regulatory mechanisms to safeguard development and sustainability of PPPs in the water sector.\n", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://doi.org/10.2166/wp.2016.010", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Energy", + "Transportation and Warehousing", + "Telecommunications" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Suez", + "RWE", + "Veolia", + "Shenzhen Water Group", + "Beijing Drainage Group", + "Sino French Company", + "Everbright Environment", + "Berlinwasser", + "Asia Environment" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;", + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Water Policy" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "Peer-reviewed article or other research report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "For-profit Commercial Entity", + "Large Enterprise", + "Formal Sector", + "Multi-national Business" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Asia", + "Europe and Eurasia" + ], + "Year": "2016" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Safaa Mohamed Ali" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Turkey", + "Somalia" + ], + "Document ID": "1700-Ali-MLT-pr", + "Document Title": "Public-Private Partnerships: A Case of Turkish Companies Venturing to Somalia", + "Document Summary": "The article describes how two Turkish companies, Albayrak Group and Proje Gözetim Mühendislik (PGM) (Project Inspection Engineering), are applying lessons and experiences culled from public-private partnership (PPP) to infrastructure projects in Somalia. PPP has a long history in developed countries, but the approach has only recently gained attention as a method for boosting economic growth and development in developing countries. The article argues that the companies‘ motivation for participating in PPP in Somalia extends beyond the conventional objective of commercial considerations to the moral imperative of supporting members of the umma (community), despite considerable risks and is at the forefront of Turkey‘s interest in Africa. ", + "Key Findings": "The article describes how two Turkish companies, Albayrak Group and Proje Gözetim Mühendislik (PGM) (in English Project Inspection Engineering) are applying lessons and experiences culled from public-private partnership (PPP) to infrastructure projects in Somalia. PPP has a long history in developed countries, but the approach has only recently gained attention as a method for boosting economic growth and development in developing countries. The article argues that the companies‘ motivation for participating in PPP in Somalia extends beyond the conventional objective of commercial considerations to the moral imperative of supporting members of the umma (community), despite considerable risks, and is at the forefront of Turkey‘s interest in Africa.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://journals.co.za/content/journal/10520/EJC-9dca3b1d2", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Engineering & Construction", + "Processing & Manufacturing" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Albayrak Group", + "Proje Gözetim Mühendislik (PGM)" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments", + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships", + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;", + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment", + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Journal of Somali Studies" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Conflict" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Economic Growth", + "Humanitarian Assistance", + "Agriculture and Food Security", + "Health" + ], + "Type of Document": "Peer-reviewed article or other research report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Formal Sector", + "For-profit approach that generates sustainable income", + "For-profit Commercial Entity", + "Multi-national Business", + "Large Enterprise" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Middle East", + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2017" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Emily Ying Yang Chan" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Regional" + ], + "Document ID": "1700-CHAN-MLT", + "Document Title": "Public Health Humanitarian Responses to Natural Disasters", + "Document Summary": "This book discusses public health humanitarian responses to natural disasters and gives a theoretical understanding of how public health issues can be practically applied in the context of humanitarian relief response. The book will help readers: understand and discuss public health needs; systematically formulate key guiding questions; and select and consult relevant and credible databases. It discusses how both top-down and bottom-up approaches to relief can work in disaster relief. The different approaches the document discusses like the all-hazard approach or the human security approach have their strengths and weaknesses, but aim to help solve the problems created by natural disasters.", + "Key Findings": "Using a number of case studies and examples of innovative disaster response measures developed by international agencies and stakeholders, this book illustrates how theoretical understanding of public health issues can be practically applied in the context of humanitarian relief response. Starting with an introduction to public health principles within the context of medical and public health disaster and humanitarian response, the book goes on to explore key trends, threats and challenges in contemporary disaster medical response.", + "Key Recommendations": "Humanitarian principles are important values that underlie humanitarian action in disaster and emergency crisis. Basic needs for survival (e.g. water and sanitation, food, shelter, health services and information) must be addressed and secured to minimise negative impact of natural disasters on the affected population.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/oa-mono/10.4324/9781315667218/public-health-humanitarian-responses-natural-disasters-emily-ying-yang-chan", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Health Care" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Ability to Influence Policy" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Reputation and Credible Convening Power" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment", + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Routledge Humanitarian Studies Series" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Health", + "Humanitarian Assistance", + "Environment/Climate Change" + ], + "Type of Document": "Landscape Analysis", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Formal Sector" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Asia" + ], + "Year": "2017" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Anna Dos" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global", + "Sweden", + "Lithuania", + "United Kingdom", + "Germany", + "France", + "Portugal", + "Romania", + "Belgium", + "Italy", + "Poland", + "Spain", + "Austria", + "Turkey" + ], + "Document ID": "1700-Dos-GLO-pr", + "Document Title": "Developing sustainable healthcare governance mechanisms to manage public-private partnerships", + "Document Summary": "Despite a growing body of research literature focused on public-private partnerships (PPPs) in healthcare, some critical issues still seem to be insufficiently investigated due to the frequent lack of clarity in defining the goals for healthcare management and an oversimplified framework for analyzing PPPs. Resolving conflicts of interest between diverse PPP stakeholders in healthcare requires special attention. Practical solutions in this area are not well known in Central and Eastern Europe countries, which are trying to modernize their healthcare systems. Authored by Anna Doś, the paper first establishes an appropriate understanding of healthcare sustainability, currently understood as the ultimate goal for healthcare management. Secondly, it shifts the context for analyzing the performance of PPPs from a purely financial to a wider and well-framed one, comprising the pillars of healthcare sustainability. Thirdly, it identifies the governance mechanisms intended to improve the impact of PPPs on healthcare sustainability. This study report employs a broad conceptual analysis of international literature and external online desk research of the materials published by PPP consortia, financial institutions, and public authorities engaged in managing PPPs for healthcare in Europe.", + "Key Findings": "Results: Healthcare sustainability is a complex, multifaceted and multi-pillar problem. PPPs can enhance, or damage, all healthcare sustainability pillars due to a complex conflict of interest between the parties involved. Embedding certain governance mechanisms in PPP contracting and management is necessary to foster both financial and non- financial sustainability in healthcare provided via PPPs. Some countries and some PPPs have managed to develop suitable mechanisms to govern the conflicting goals in healthcare management.", + "Internet URL of Document": "http://dx.doi.org/10.15678/ZP.2017.42.4.06", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Business Services", + "Financial Services", + "Health Care" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Swedish Hospital Partners AB" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness", + "Ability to Influence Policy", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Risk-Mitigation and Flexible Authorities", + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;", + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Zarządzanie Publiczne" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Health", + "Economic Growth", + "Environment/Climate Change" + ], + "Type of Document": "Peer-reviewed article or other research report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "For-profit Commercial Entity", + "Financial Institution, Investors, and Intermediaries", + "Formal Sector" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Global", + "Europe and Eurasia" + ], + "Year": "2017" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Education Development Center (EDC)" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Guyana" + ], + "Document ID": "1700-EDC-GUY", + "Document Title": "Skills and Knowledge for Youth Employment (SKYE) Project Guyana Final Report", + "Document Summary": "The story of the Skills and Knowledge for Youth Employment (SKYE) project is one of continual reflection and change. SKYE began in August 2011 as a relatively small, 2-year project aiming to provide work readiness and entrepreneurship training and coaching to 605 youth in four of Guyana’s ten regions. By its eventual end in December 2016, it was a 5-year project that had worked with more than 3,000 youth in 6 of the ten administrative regions with a menu of training options in the areas of work readiness, literacy, and entrepreneurship; a well-developed cadre of professional coaches; and a country-wide reputation for helping at-risk youth turn around their lives. The project was part of the Caribbean Basin Security Initiative (CBSI), intending to reduce youth crime and violence by strengthening economic participation and civic engagement. \n\nAs appealing as it is to understand SKYE and its impact through the many voices of individual youth who have participated in the project, this report takes a step back. It looks at the story of transformation not just of individual youth but of the management of the project. SKYE embodied the process known as “adaptive management” by continually gathering and assessing information, formally and informally monitoring its own and partner performance, and using that information to shift both the content and the delivery of services to youth. The report highlights a solid commitment to building upon youth’s strengths and positive assets, recognizing that all youth can reach their full potential when supported and given the opportunity. \n\nAlthough coaching was incorporated across the project components, it was its cross-cutting component. Coaching was the cornerstone of the SKYE project; it was the cross-cutting element that connected all aspects of SKYE. Coaching supported youth participants in thinking through potential life paths and goals; encouraged and motivated youth and provided them with guidance; improved youths’ discipline, communication, and self-confidence; helped youth find employment and provided advice on how to run their small businesses; and provided a positive role model for youth. The SKYE mid-term evaluation and the Coaching Survey found coaching to be an essential element of the project.\n", + "Key Findings": "• An adaptive management approach allowed SKYE to evolve and improve over time.\n• Coaching provides numerous benefits to youth.\n• Literacy needs of at-risk youth need to be taken into consideration from the beginning.\n• The majority of at-risk youth in Guyana do not want loans.\n• Institutional changes will not happen without leadership from within the institution, regardless of project investment.\n• Further work with parents and families is needed to better support vulnerable youth.\n", + "Key Recommendations": "• Integrate coaching using an assets-based approach in programs that work with at-risk youth.\n• Integrate literacy elements into any intervention with vulnerable youth.\n• Establish pathways for youth to receive additional training as they move forward in their careers.\n• Continue to invest in reintegration planning for youth exiting the NOC.\n• Conduct highly localized, ongoing labor market assessments for youth workforce development programs.\n", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00TJTT.pdf", + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Latin America and the Carribean" + ], + "Year": "2017" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Kirsten Vorwerk", + "Felix Gaisbauer", + "Christoph Hartmann" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "1700-Hartm-MLT", + "Document Title": "Evaluation of the develoPPP.de programme,", + "Document Summary": "This document discussed international and German development corporations that develop projects with the private sector. Their goal is to provide long term benefits to local populations with the projects they take on. This evaluation follows a theory-based approach to finding the best ways to conduct private sector projects. The research mainly looks at the developePPP.de programme and found that their projects have difficulty with the effectiveness within the development sector. The developePPP.de programme, established in 1999, is featured as the largest and most important support system for development partnerships with the private sector. The document recommends the corporations focus on project objectives, design and implementation to promote the relevance of the projects. \n", + "Key Findings": "The prominent position of develoPPP.de as BMZ’s major programme for promoting development partnerships with the private sector makes it possible to enlist support from private companies in achieving sustainable development goals, in addition to the classical stakeholders at state and civil-society level. Via its projects, the programme contributes to knowledge and technology transfer in developing countries and emerging economies. The project results endure beyond the end of the project term, but rarely extend beyond the project level. The develoPPP.de programme promotes a large number of stand-alone projects, despite its original intention of providing impetus to enhance performance across entire systems. In its current form, the programme has difficulty meeting the high demands for development effectiveness.", + "Key Recommendations": "• BMZ is advised to continue the programme. This should be done under the proviso that it takes a clear position vis-à-vis the programme’s objectives and that the programme be consolidated and given a corresponding strategic orientation. In this context, it should be made\nclear whether cooperation with the private sector and the related function of maintaining a dialogue with companies and sensitising them to development issues represents added value in itself (which must be more\nprecisely defined), or whether the added value of the programme should be attained exclusively by achieving development results in the partner countries.\n• BMZ should make clear the extent to which there is a division of labour with bilateral DC programmes and other BMZ programmes on cooperation with the private sector, and the extent to which these programmes can be linked up. It should draw up a policy paper on this\nsubject that explicitly defines and regulates cooperation with the private sector.\n• BMZ should adjust the programme design based on a consolidated set of objectives. Existing conflicts between private sector and development-policy interests should be spelled out to make clear whether synergies can be leveraged, and where there are limits as regards orientation towards the intended objectives. This should be supported via a dialogue between BMZ and the private sector.\n• The programme design needs to be adjusted with regard\nto two core aspects: (1) Strengthening the programme’s function of sensitising the private sector to development issues and engaging\nin a corresponding dialogue; (2) Strengthening orientation towards development priorities and impacts in the partner countries. The possible adjustments proposed here are not mutually exclusive: some of them can be made in parallel.\n• To make full use of existing potentials, it is recommended that project implementation and the acquisition of partner companies be systematically aligned with the core competencies of the implementing\norganisations. Within the implementing organisations, every effort should therefore be made to dovetail activities more closely with key business segments.\n• The existing forms of cooperation should be retained, but a greater distinction should be made between them, and they should be aligned with the expertise of the individual implementing organisations.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.deval.org/fileadmin/Redaktion/PDF/05-Publikationen/Berichte/2017_Evaluierung_des_develoPPP.de/DEval_develoPPP_Bericht_2017_EN_.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Financial Services" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Advancing Learning and Market Research;", + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "German Institute for Development Evlaluation" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "Impact Evaluation Report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Micro, Small, or Medium Enterprise", + "Formal Sector", + "Local Business" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2017" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Amanda Hult", + "Lovisa Persson Segell" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "1700-HULT-GLO", + "Document Title": "The role of the private sector in preparing for humanitarian operations", + "Document Summary": "There are many actors included in the humanitarian system, such as NGOs, UN humanitarian agencies and governments. However, a gap in the humanitarian system can be identified where the traditional actors lack resources, which provides an opportunity for the private sector to be more involved, particularly in preparing for humanitarian operations. Therefore, in this research, a multiple-case study has been performed with three private businesses; DP-DHL, MasterCard and Cisco, with the purpose to understand the present role of the private sector in preparing for humanitarian operations and the possibility to improve this role.\n\nBoth benefits and some challenges have been revealed related to the involvement of the private sector. An understanding of their role has been obtained where it has been found that there are many possibilities for the private sector to engage in preparing for humanitarian operations. The outcomes of the engagements studied in this research imply that successful initiatives are achievable and factors of success have been formulated. These can indicate what areas should be invested in to achieve successful initiatives in the future. ", + "Key Findings": "The research clearly shows that there are many possibilities for the private sector to engage in preparing for humanitarian operations. The companies studied in this research are engaged in successful initiatives related to their area of expertise, within telecommunications, logistics and finance respectively. ", + "Key Recommendations": "Due to limitations in time and resources this research presents a rather narrow focus, which means that there is great potential for further research within this area.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://lup.lub.lu.se/luur/download?func=downloadFile&recordOId=8923869&fileOId=8923874", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Financial Services", + "Technology" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Cisco", + "MasterCard", + "DP-DHL" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Lund University" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Humanitarian Assistance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "For-profit Commercial Entity", + "Formal Sector" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2017" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA)" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Ghana", + "Mali", + "Nigeria", + "Senegal" + ], + "Document ID": "1700-IITA-MLT", + "Document Title": "Feed the Future Taking Cowpea to Scale in West Africa: Final Technical Report for Feed the Future Centrally Funded Scaling Programs", + "Document Summary": "The Cowpea Out-scaling Project (COSP) was a three-year (1 October 2014–31 December 2017) project funded by United States Agency for International Development (USAID), Bureau for Food Security (BFS) under the Feed the Future (FtF) program. The International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) led the project and worked through local partners in each target country. The project aimed to increase cowpea productivity sustainably, decrease postharvest losses and increase the home consumption of cowpea in Ghana, Mali, Nigeria, and Senegal. This was addressed by strengthening local seed systems and increasing the adoption of quality seeds of improved varieties and complementary practices (e.g., pest management, agronomic practices, and storage). The project also aimed at increasing (a) cowpea grain sales, (b) smallholder producers' gross margins, and (c) consumption of cowpea grain-based products in households, thereby improving their nutritional status. The project was implemented in four target countries of West Africa: Ghana, Mali, Nigeria, and Senegal. This report presents the theory of change (TOC), the approach used by the project, and the achievements and challenges of the project over the past three years in the target countries.\n\nThe report points out that the supply and consumption of cowpea grain and cowpea-based products in Ghana, Mali, Nigeria, and Senegal are limited due to poor access to quality seeds and complementary technologies, low productivity, high rates of postharvest losses, and poor knowledge of the nutritious value of cowpea. Hence, the high demand for cowpea grain in these countries must be met. Cowpea productivity can be significantly increased using good quality seeds of improved and preferred cowpea varieties and good agricultural practices, such as Integrated Pest Management (IPM) technologies. \n\nThe approach used to scale out cowpea technologies in this project sustainably was based on using multi-stakeholder innovation platforms (IPs). The IPs, which include community-based organizations (CBOs) and farmer-based organizations (FBOs), are characterized by the networking of several categories of actors along the value chains from research, extension services, Government, farmers' organizations, rural development NGOs, and the private sector including financial institutions, processors, agro-dealers, and other actors involved in cowpea value chains. The private sector was influential in the whole business model as providers of inputs (seeds, agrochemicals, packaging, and storage materials), marketers, and processors. It should be supported by conducive public policies in the form of public-private partnerships (PPP). This report discusses how the work plan activities for the past three years helped the overall TOC of the project. Since the work plan activities were similar for all target countries, the report presents and discusses the overall progress against the overall TOC of the project.\n", + "Key Findings": "• For developing an advanced seed system, in each of the target countries, improved and preferred cowpea varieties—high yielding, disease-resistant and preferred by farmers and consumers (see details on varieties in appendices 1.1 to 1.4)—have been selected from improved varieties released by research institutions.\n\n• For increasing the productivity of cowpea, a total of 167,940* farmers (30,769* in Ghana, 34,276* in Mali, 36,678* in Nigeria, and 66,217* in Senegal) and other actors have been trained and briefed in the use of good quality seeds of improved varieties accompanied by GAP (soil fertility management [type and rate of fertilizer], planting density [spacing], pest and weed management, harvesting and storage, and seed treatment).\n\n• For reducing postharvest losses, at least 163 awareness campaigns were organized (31 in Ghana, 99 in Mali, 20 in Nigeria, and 13 in Senegal).\n\n• For increasing sale and home consumption of cowpea and cowpea-based products as targeted by the project, multiple awareness campaigns including mini-fora were organized in target countries.\n", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00T7ZC.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Processing & Manufacturing", + "Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, and Hunting", + "Financial Services" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Flexibility and Pace" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA)" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Agriculture and Food Security" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2017" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "PwC Advisory LLC" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Japan" + ], + "Document ID": "1700-LLC-JPN", + "Document Title": "Resilient Infrastructure Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs): Contracts and Procurement", + "Document Summary": "Resilient economic infrastructure plays an increasingly significant role in mitigating natural disaster risks, including hydrometeorological and geophysical hazards, especially in the contexts of climate variability and change. Building on the theoretical approaches to the key challenges in resilient infrastructure public-private partnerships (PPPs) outlined by Public-Private Infrastructure Advisory Facility (PPIAF), the World Bank's Global Infrastructure Facility (GIF) and the Tokyo Disaster Risk Management (DRM) Hub have initiated a knowledge project on \"Resilient Infrastructure PPPs—Contracts and Procurement\" to harness the knowledge and expertise gained from PPP projects in selected countries to help the governments of low- and middle-income countries to prepare and structure disaster-resilient infrastructure PPPs. This report presents a case study of infrastructure PPP projects in Japan under the knowledge development component. Japan is highly exposed to natural disaster risks ranging from earthquake, tsunami, cyclone, floods, and landslides to volcanic eruptions. Japan's experience in structuring resilient infrastructure PPPs offers policy recommendations and insights on how disaster and climate risks can be managed under PPPs.", + "Key Findings": "Disaster Countermeasures Basic Act is the fundamental basis for DRM and resilience in Japan. \nThis project also highlights legal frameworks for PPP and DRM, PPP procurement methods, contracts, and risk mitigation measures based on an analysis of case studies. The case studies were conducted by reviewing terms and conditions of PPP contracts such as definition of force majeure, risk allocation, and incentives as well as insurance as part of risk transfer measures. The overall knowledge project consists of two components: (a) knowledge development, and (b) knowledge exchange and dissemination.\nThis report presents a case study of infrastructure PPP projects in Japan under the knowledge development component. Good practices and lessons learned from case studies are incorporated into the separately developed technical guide.", + "Key Recommendations": "The paper recommends following for policy and legal frameworks:\nA. Policy and Legal Frameworks:\n1. Create Synergy between PPP and Disaster-Related Policies and Legislation\n2. Understand Risks and Open Data\n3. Respond to Increased Climate Risks in the Future\n\nB. Contracting Risk Allocation \n1. Clarify the Scope of Force Majeure in Contracts\n2. Define and Allocate Risks between Public and Private Entities to Maximize VfM\n3. Use Iterative Processes to Enhance Understanding and Risk Sharing between the Public and Private Sectors", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/29208", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Business Services" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "PwC Advisory LLC" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "World Bank’s Global Infrastructure Facility (GIF)" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Humanitarian Assistance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "For-profit Commercial Entity", + "Formal Sector" + ], + "Year": "2017" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Nguyễn H Manh", + "Jennifer Norfolk", + "Nayna Jhaveri", + "Matt Sommerville" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Vietnam" + ], + "Document ID": "1700-Mahn-VNM", + "Document Title": "Tenure & Global Climate Change Our Coast -- Our Future Project: Examination of Lessons Learned in Vietnam", + "Document Summary": "The goal of USAID’s Our Coast – Our Future pilot in Vietnam was to facilitate better mangrove conservation and protection in light of this resource’s key role in climate change mitigation and adaptation. The implementation team carried out the pilot in Tien Lang District of Haiphong Municipality, located within the Red River Delta, through a partnership with the District Peoples Committee (DPC) and the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (MARD). This brief sets out the main lessons learned and recommendations from the pilot activity to support the improvement and scaling of the methodologies by the government, communities, and implementing partners. \n\nThe lessons learned in this report are clustered into understanding coastal systems and mangrove governance; establishing government partnerships; realizing community engagement; carrying out a successful process; and achieving scale and sustainability. The lessons learned are developed through observing the implementing team, monitoring and evaluating data analysis, and conversing with local and national government counterparts. The brief begins with a description of the implementation approach and pilot achievements and is followed by the lessons learned and concluding recommendations.\n\nCoastal areas, particularly those with mangroves, present unique planning challenges with overlapping resource rights regimes. Given the high value and wide range of sectoral economic interests and the importance of coastal resources for subsistence livelihoods, multi-sectoral spatial planning provides a powerful tool to identify actual or potential conflicts and support negotiated agreements. Privatizing mangrove areas to individual households or organizations introduces a risk of excluding legitimate users. As a result, co-management governance structures of mangrove forests that integrate diverse user groups provide a potential design to balance multiple social, ecological, and economic objectives in managing this system. The Vietnam pilot demonstrates the appetite of local stakeholders for these structures and their ability to acquire the technical mapping and facilitation skills to develop their own coastal spatial development plans.\n", + "Key Findings": "Coastal areas, and those with mangroves in particular, present unique planning challenges, with overlapping resource rights regimes. Given the high value and wide-range of sectoral economic interests, as well as the importance of coastal resources for subsistence livelihoods, multi-sectoral spatial planning provides a powerful tool to identify real or potential conflicts and to support negotiated agreements. Privatization of mangrove areas to individual households or organizations introduces a risk of excluding legitimate users. As a result, co-management governance structures of mangrove forest that integrate diverse user groups provide a potential structure to balance multiple social, ecological and economic objectives in managing this system. The Vietnam pilot demonstrates the appetite of local stakeholders for these structures and their ability to acquire the technical mapping and facilitation skills to develop their own coastal spatial development plans.", + "Key Recommendations": "1. Implementors of participatory coastal mapping activities must engage with authorities at every level.\n2. Based on the above experiences, the pilot recommends engaging with key cross-sectoral stakeholders on coastal spatial planning and mangrove management going forward from local to provincial levels.\n3. Allow new participants to join throughout the process.\n4. Participatory coastal resource planning is most useful in areas where there are complex and competing land use needs.\n5. When seeking the support and engagement of various community\nstakeholders, as well as the private sector, the implementer should have a clear understanding of how the activity will benefit each group and be able to articulate it effectively.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00SWWR.pdf", + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Ability to Influence Policy" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Conflict", + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Environment/Climate Change" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Asia" + ], + "Year": "2017" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Kermen M. Maksimova" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Russia" + ], + "Document ID": "1700-Maksi-RUS-pr", + "Document Title": "On the Development of Public-Private Partnership in the Context of Regional Economy (On the Example of Republic of Kalmykia)", + "Document Summary": "This brief report, authored by Kermen M. Maksimova, describes that public-private partnership is a significant factor in the socioeconomic development of a territory. The widespread use should enhance the region's investment attractiveness, increase revenues for the regional budget, and implement socially significant investment projects in the Republic of Kalmykia. The study report found that today a public-private partnership is in the process of formation in the Republic of Kalmykia. In the near future, there is a need to carry out substantial and systematic work on the development of partnerships and improvement of the regulatory legal base, regulating the issues of property rights, sharing risks and responsibility; the creation of a specialized structure that is responsible for the development and coordination of the interaction between the state (municipal) agencies and private businesses; the training of highly qualified specialists among the employees of the regional and municipal levels; and the issue of financial security of projects.", + "Key Findings": "Public-private partnership is a significant factor of socio-economic development of the territory, the widespread use of which should enhance the investment attractiveness of the region, increase revenues for the regional budget, as well as the implementation of socially significant investment projects in the Republic of Kalmykia. The study found that today a public-private partnership is in the process of its formation in the Republic of Kalmykia. In the near future there is need to carry out substantial and systematic work on the development of partnership and improvement of regulatory legal base, regulating the issues of property rights, sharing risks and responsibility; the creation of a specialized structure, responsible for the development and coordination of the interaction between the state (municipal) agencies and private businesses; the training of highly qualified specialists among the employees of the regional and municipal levels, as well as the issue of financial security of projects.", + "Key Recommendations": "Regional governments should provide guarantees to attract private sector investments and stimulate engagement in Public-Private Partnerships (PPP).\n\nRegional Center for Development, the goal of which is to spur collaboration among experts to design PPP implementation methods, should be formed.", + "Internet URL of Document": "http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu3.2017.2.7", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, and Hunting", + "Energy", + "Engineering & Construction", + "Hospitality/Tourism", + "Financial Services" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Falkon Capital a.s.", + "Калмыцкий бройлер (Kalmytskii Broiler)", + "Биф Арт (Beef Art)", + "ЗАО Био-ресурс (CJSC Bio-Resurs)", + "УК «Первая» (\"Pervaya\" management company)" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;", + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Volgograd State University" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "Peer-reviewed article or other research report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Micro, Small, or Medium Enterprise", + "Local Business", + "Financial Institution, Investors, and Intermediaries" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Asia" + ], + "Year": "2017" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Danielle Resnick", + "David Mather", + "Nicole Mason", + "Daniel Ndyetabula" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Ghana", + "Tanzania", + "Zambia" + ], + "Document ID": "1700-MSU-MLT", + "Document Title": "What Drives Agricultural Input Subsidy Reform in Africa? Applying the Kaleidoscope Model of Food Security Policy Change", + "Document Summary": "Input subsidies are one of the more controversial agricultural policies in sub-Saharan Africa. On the one hand, they can play a critical role in providing inputs to poor farmers. On the other hand, they typically raise questions about appropriate targeting, implications for agricultural budgets, and potential misuse for personal or political gain. The resurgence in agricultural input subsidies that began in the early 2000s and expanded throughout Africa during that decade precipitated a new wave of rigorous empirical research on the effectiveness of different modalities and pointed to some clear challenges across countries for these interventions. Nevertheless, reforms to improve the effectiveness of agricultural input subsidy programs (ISPs) have occurred at a variable pace across countries and resulted in different design and implementation modalities. Understanding the reasons for such policy variation is helpful for the international development and research communities to recognize when evidence is likely to have an impact on policymakers, which stakeholder interests are most important to consider, and how to disentangle whether it is low capacity, insufficient political will, or both that ultimately stymies input subsidy reform.\n\nThis brief synthesizes findings from three in-depth African case studies of ISP reform: Ghana, Tanzania, and Zambia. The cases were guided by the Kaleidoscope Model of Food Security Policy Change, which provides a systematic framework for analyzing variations in policy reforms over time and across countries. The Model identifies a set of 16 hypotheses that collectively serve as “key determinants” to explain when and why policy change occurs. The Model maps these 16 hypotheses into five key elements of the policy cycle: agenda setting, design, adoption, implementation, and evaluation and reform. These variables are shaped by a non-exhaustive range of “illustrative contextual conditions.” The Model’s name reflects that just as shifting a kaleidoscope refracts light on a new pattern, so does focusing on a particular stage of the policy process identify a different constellation of key variables that are important for driving change. Like the pieces of a kaleidoscope, many contextual conditions remain the same. Still, as policy dynamics unfurl, some factors tend to play a disproportionately more significant role in driving toward policy change than others at any particular point in time.\n\nThe report emphasizes that while there are many studies of the impacts of ISPs across Africa, there are few accounts of the full range of policy process dynamics underlying these programs. This inhibits our understanding of when and why ISPs are chosen by governments, what underlies critical moments of innovation within these programs, and the main criteria for their sustainability. The Kaleidoscope Model helps fill this void by providing a set of focused and tractable hypotheses to address these dynamics and thereby guide the efforts of those donors, researchers, and national governments concerned with improving the effectiveness of such programs over time.\n", + "Key Findings": "While there are many studies of the impacts of ISPs across Africa (see Jayne et al. 2016 for a review of such studies), there are few accounts of the full range of policy process dynamics underlying these programs. In turn, this inhibits our understanding of when and why ISPs are chosen by governments, what underlies key moments of innovation within these programs, and the main criteria for their sustainability. The Kaleidoscope Model helps fill this void by providing a set of focused and tractable hypotheses to address these dynamics and thereby guide the efforts of those donors, researchers, and national governments concerned with improving the effectiveness of such programs over tim", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.canr.msu.edu/resources/what-drives-agricultural-input-subsidy-reform-in-africa-applying-the-kaleidoscope-model", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Retail", + "Transportation and Warehousing", + "Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, and Hunting" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Flexibility and Pace", + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships", + "Reputation and Credible Convening Power" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Michigan State University" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Agriculture and Food Security" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2017" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Camila García Pérez", + "Dorotea López Giral", + "Felipe Muñoz Navia" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Chile", + "China" + ], + "Document ID": "1700-Perez-CHL-pr", + "Document Title": "Public-private partnerships for internationalization of services: the case of Chilean architecture industry", + "Document Summary": "This study report identifies the factors that explain the performance of the PPP established for the export promotion of Chilean architecture. The results suggest that the policy had deficiencies at the design level that resulted in an internationalization process that lacked a clear strategy. In concrete terms, since the creation of the PPP, no projects were developed abroad traceable to the Sectoral Brand program. For the evaluation of the PPP, it was reaffirmed that it does not only matter to review the strategies implemented but also the environment in which they are formulated. In this sense, although the factors identified by the key stakeholders responded essentially to institutional and economic considerations, it is necessary to analyze where this initiative lay within the framework of the Chilean trade policy, as the public and private sectors involved had to assume the sunk costs of being one of the first services industries to create the Sectoral Brand program and also the first Chilean services industry trying to enter to China.", + "Key Findings": "In the last decade, Chile has prioritized export promotion policies for the service sector as a result of global dynamism of trade in services and the need for diversification of the Chilean economy towards higher value-added industries. This study evaluates the results and identifies the factors that explain the performance of the public-private partnership implemented in Chile to promote architectural services. The analysis suggests a poor performance, mainly as a result of the inertia on the preservation of strategies developed for goods to intangibles as services, affecting the design and implementation of the programs; also, the private sector presents, among others, collective action and associativity issues that limit the capability to develop market research and business models. ", + "Key Recommendations": "For future studies, it would be interesting to verify some of the hypotheses that emerge from this research. For example, to analyze if the learning costs absorbed by the PPP, as being one of the first in the service sector, were indeed overcome in the design and implementation of subsequent Sectoral Brands. On the other hand, considering the general framework of the PPP, it seems necessary to evaluate the trade promotion policy for Chilean services export in the last decade in Chile, to the extent that there is an evident public speech that places this sector as a priority within trade policy, which is questionable in the light of the findings of this research.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2965567", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Other", + "Engineering & Construction" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "The Association of Architects Offices" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities", + "Flexibility and Pace", + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Estudios Internacionales" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "Peer-reviewed article or other research report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "For-profit Commercial Entity", + "Formal Sector", + "Micro, Small, or Medium Enterprise", + "Business Association or Cooperative" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Latin America and the Carribean", + "Asia" + ], + "Year": "2017" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Wenbo Qin", + "Antonio Sanchez Solino", + "Vicente Alcaraz Carrillo de Albornoz" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "China" + ], + "Document ID": "1700-Qin-CHN-pr", + "Document Title": "Introducing Public-Private Partnerships for Affordable Housing in China", + "Document Summary": "China’s social housing reform has made some progress, several affordable housing programs offer different income level households different ways of owning or renting a property, but the lack of financing support and project efficiency is still an urgent issue. Rapidly growing demand for affordable housing has encouraged large Chinese cities, faced with housing imbalance, to invest in developing affordable properties. As a result, the Chinese central government has started encouraging local governments to use Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) and private capital to supplement the funding deficit. There is also an ongoing debate regarding establishing prerequisites for institutions to meet to achieve effective PPPs. In this light, this paper examines what the current institutional environment is in China and how China is meeting these prerequisites for effective PPPs. It also examines the main programs on affordable housing and proposes a potential field for using PPPs. The paper concludes that PPPs are more favorable for renting-oriented projects than owning-oriented ones. In this context, the advantages of the PPP model for China’s renting-oriented affordable housing programs would be the provision of private financing, the enhancing efficiency by involving private sector experts, and the statement of bundling constructions and maintenance and operation work in the contract, which motivates the private sector to build properties up to standard for its cost efficiency from the whole project perspective. More specifically, as for the renting-oriented affordable housing programs, this paper proposes a design build-finance-maintain-transfer plus special arrangements on the land provision model. Hopefully, it offers some implications for future academic research.", + "Key Findings": "We draw the conclusion that PPPs are more favorable for renting-oriented type projects than owning-oriented projects. In this context, the advantages of the PPP model for China’s renting oriented affordable housing programs are would be the provision of private financing, the enhancing efficiency by involving private sector experts and the statement of bundling constructions and maintenance and operation work in the contract, which motivates the private sector to build properties up to standard for its cost efficiency from the whole project perspective.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://oa.upm.es/68954/1/171003_OHI.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Engineering & Construction", + "Financial Services", + "Other" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Efficiency and Effectiveness", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities", + "Flexibility and Pace" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Risk-Mitigation and Flexible Authorities", + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;", + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Open House International" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "Peer-reviewed article or other research report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Financial Institution, Investors, and Intermediaries" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Asia" + ], + "Year": "2017" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Razilya Shakirova" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "United States", + "Thailand", + "Spain" + ], + "Document ID": "1700-Shaki-USA-pr", + "Document Title": "An investigation of government employees’ support for public-private partnerships ", + "Document Summary": "This paper aims to investigate the factors that may influence the support of public-private partnerships (PPPs) by government employees potentially involved in designing and implementing cross-sectoral collaborations. Based on an original survey of government employees in the USA, this report explores organizations' impact on their support for PPPs by employing ordinary least squares regression. According to this study's results, most government employees have rather positive attitudes toward partnerships with the private sector. The study revealed significant effects of several individuals and environmental factors on government employees’ support. ", + "Key Findings": "Among the individual factors, involvement in PPPs and concerns for efficiency have been identified as factors having positive impact on government employees’ support for PPPs. Male government employees seem to be less supportive of PPPs than female government employees. Environmental factors such as public opinion and appointed agency heads positively influence government employees’ views of PPPs. No evidence for the significant impact of organizational factors on government employee perceptions of PPPs was found.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPSM-05-2016-0093", + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Efficiency and Effectiveness", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Risk-Mitigation and Flexible Authorities" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;", + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "International Journal of Public Sector Management" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Democracy, Human Rights, & Governance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Peer-reviewed article or other research report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Formal Sector" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Asia", + "Europe and Eurasia" + ], + "Year": "2017" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Mihai Aristotel Ungureanu", + "Ioana Tatiana Stanese" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Australia", + "France", + "Germany", + "Korea (South)", + "United Kingdom", + "Romania" + ], + "Document ID": "1700-Stane-ROU-pr", + "Document Title": "Defining Public-Private Partnership in Romania", + "Document Summary": "This research paper addresses the concerns about what a public-private partnership means and illustrates that there is no clear and universally valid definition of what constitutes a public-private partnership: \"there is no single definition of PPP. It covers a wide range of transactions in which the private sector has a certain responsibility, including investment, ranging from management contracts without investment obligations to concession contracts with significant investment obligations, in addition to operational and management obligations,\" and describes it more specifically to the Romanian context. The definition of public-private partnership (PPP) in Romania becomes essential under strict legislation constantly changing, updating, republicating, or repealing. In the current European and international context, where PPPs are gaining momentum and are considered fundamental tools for financing major infrastructure projects urgently needed for the development of a state, understanding the concept of PPP brings essential clarifications to the use of this new type of public-private cooperation. The scope of application, the eligibility of the private partner, the PPP contract, and the financing mechanisms are fundamental elements of the concept of public-private partnership. The European Union, international organizations such as the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), and international bodies such as the World Bank or the European Investment Bank are constantly concerned about implementing and improving public-private partnerships. They consider concrete ways of solving the needs of developing countries, cooperation beyond the public sector's boundaries through financial contributions, and the influx of expertise in the matter brought by investors as private partners of public authorities. Legislative developments in the field of PPP in Romania have been troublesome and failed to provide a stable and secure framework for potential private investors. In 2016, a new law was approved to shed light on the matter and bring the necessary provisions and clarifications to implement such partnerships in Romania successfully.\n\nThe report highlights that a more detailed definition of concrete PPP activities and mechanisms cannot be achieved without standard specifications and regulations. Starting from the spirit of the law on public-private cooperation and the literature in the field, we can conclude that through a PPP can be achieved the design, financing, construction, operation, maintenance, and transfer of any public good as long as all the conditions provided by the law are met. The question remains regarding how to properly apply all the necessary conditions imposed by law so that PPP becomes usable.", + "Key Findings": " Legislative developments in the field of PPP in Romania have been troublesome and failed to provide a stable and secure framework for potential private investors. In 2016 a new law is approved in the desire to shed light on the matter and to bring the necessary provisions and clarifications for the successful implementation of such partnerships in Romania.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.upet.ro/annals/economics/pdf/2017/p1/Stanese-Ungureanu.pdf", + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Risk-Mitigation and Flexible Authorities" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;", + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Annals of the University of Petroşani, Economics" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "Peer-reviewed article or other research report", + "USAID Region": [ + "Europe and Eurasia", + "Asia" + ], + "Year": "2017" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "World Health Organization (WHO)" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "1700-WHO-GLO", + "Document Title": "Global Tuberculosis Report", + "Document Summary": "The purpose of WHO's Global Tuberculosis Report is to provide a comprehensive and up-to-date assessment of the TB epidemic and progress in care and prevention at global, regional, and country levels. This is done in the context of recommended global TB strategies, associated targets, and broader development goals. The primary data sources for this report are annual rounds of global TB data collection implemented by WHO's Global TB Program since 1995 and databases maintained by other WHO departments, UNAIDS, and the World Bank. In WHO's 2017 round of global TB data collection, 201 countries and territories account for over 99% of the world's population and TB cases reported data. \n\nThe report highlights the specific targets set in the End TB Strategy, including a 90% reduction in TB deaths and an 80% reduction in TB incidence by 2030 compared with 2015. Achieving these targets requires providing TB care and prevention within the broader context of universal health coverage, multisectoral action to address TB's social and economic determinants and consequences, and technological breakthroughs by 2025 so that incidence can fall faster than rates achieved historically. Overall, the latest picture is one of a still high disease burden, and progress needs to be quicker to reach targets or make significant headway in closing persistent gaps.\n\nThe report suggests that most deaths from TB could be prevented with early diagnosis and appropriate treatment. Millions of people are diagnosed and successfully treated for TB each year, averting millions of deaths, but there are still large gaps in detection and treatment. Making significant inroads into these gaps requires progress in a particular subset of high TB-burden countries. Ten countries accounted for 76% of the total gap between TB incidence and reported cases; the top three were India (25%), Indonesia (16%), and Nigeria (8%). Ten countries accounted for 75% of the incidence-treatment enrolment gap for drug-resistant TB; India and China accounted for 39% of the global gap. Most of the holes related to HIV-associated TB were in the WHO African Region. Financing for TB care and prevention has been increasing for more than ten years, but funding gaps still exist (US$ 2.3 billion in 2017). Total health spending also falls short of the resources needed to achieve universal health coverage. Closing these gaps requires more resources from both domestic sources and international donors.\n", + "Key Findings": "• Overall, the latest picture is one of a still high burden of disease, and progress that is not fast enough to reach targets or to make major headway in closing persistent gaps.\n\n• Drug-resistant TB is a continuing threat. Globally, the TB mortality rate is falling at about 3% per year.\n\n• Most deaths from TB could be prevented with early\ndiagnosis and appropriate treatment.\n\n• In 2016, 6.3 million new cases of TB were reported (up from 6.1 million in 2015), equivalent to 61% of the estimated incidence of 10.4 million; the latest treatment outcome data show a global treatment success rate of 83%, similar to recent years.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00ST5G.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Health Care" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Efficiency and Effectiveness", + "Flexibility and Pace", + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge", + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;", + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "World Health Organization (WHO)" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Health" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Local Business" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2017" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "World Bank Group" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "1700-WORLD-GLO", + "Document Title": "Sovereign Climate and Disaster Risk Pooling World Bank Technical Contribution to the G20", + "Document Summary": "More than 1 billion people have lifted themselves out of poverty in the past 15 years, but climate and disaster risks threaten these achievements. Global asset losses from disasters are now reaching an average of more than US$300 billion a year. A recent World Bank report finds that the impacts of disasters on well-being are equivalent to a US$520 billion drop in consumption (60 percent more than the asset losses usually reported) and force some 26 million people into poverty every year (Hallegatte et al., 2017). Moreover, countries face increasingly complex threats that often compound the negative impacts of disaster and climate shocks, ranging from migration caused by fragility and conflict situations, to the risk of pandemics. For instance, it is estimated that 93 percent of people facing extreme poverty today are living in countries that are politically fragile or environmentally vulnerable, and in many cases, both. The United Nations’ humanitarian appeal for 2017, for example, stands at a record US$22.2 billion, to help almost 93 million people affected by conflicts and natural disasters. Climate change exacerbates some of these risks by increasing the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events. In addition, economic growth and rapid urbanization increase exposure. Building resilience is therefore crucial to safeguard poverty reduction efforts and promote sustainable and inclusive development, particularly for the poor and vulnerable, who are the least able to cope with and adapt to increasing risks. To achieve the overarching objective of reducing the protection gap in vulnerable developing countries, and to catalyze action around these priority areas and activities, the G20 could promote the creation of a Global Partnership for Climate and Disaster Risk Finance and Insurance Solutions. The Global Partnership could bring together relevant partners from developing and developed countries, international organizations, the private sector, and civil society. To achieve maximum impact, the Global Partnership would leverage the comparative advantages of all partners and build on the work of existing platforms and initiatives. It will leverage the technical expertise and capacity of the private insurance and reinsurance industry. The G20 could develop a work program structured around the four priority action areas identified above to specify how countries will support specific activities. Such efforts will not only promote financial protection and help close the protection gap, but will also support the broader disaster and climate resilience agenda.", + "Key Findings": "-Catastrophe Risk Pools can Enhance the Financing of Climate and Disaster Risks \n-Catastrophe Risk Pools are Not the Only Solution for the Financing of Climate and Disaster Risks \n", + "Key Recommendations": "Recommendations for G20 Members: \n1. Facilitate the adoption of financial protection strategies that include a mix of financial instruments against disaster and climate risks, such as budgetary instruments, contingent credit, and catastrophe risk transfer to increase the ownership, impact, and cost-efficiency of disaster response financing.\n\n2. Support the development of pre-agreed disaster response plans backed by financial protection strategies to help poor and vulnerable households and protect key lifeline infrastructure. Such plans can help raise awareness of the benefits of risk reduction and financial protection by engaging a wide range of stakeholders, including members of civil society.\n\n3. Promote institutional and legal frameworks that enable the implementation of financial protection strategies. This includes creating the legal base that enables governments to establish disaster risk management funds, pay insurance premium and manage insurance proceeds, and join supranational financial entities such as catastrophe risk pools.\n\n4. Develop new concessional financing for catastrophe risk transfer instruments to incentivize vulnerable developing countries to develop and adopt sustainable financial protection strategies.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/28311", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Financial Services" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Flood Re", + "ARC Ltd." + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "World Bank Group" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Humanitarian Assistance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Industry Publication", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Formal Sector" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2017" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Advanced Marketing Systems" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Uganda" + ], + "Document ID": "1701-Advan-UGA", + "Document Title": "Evaluation of the Northern Karamoja Growth, Health and Governance Project in Karamoja Region, Uganda", + "Document Summary": "This report evaluates the USAID-supported five-year Growth, Health, and Governance (GHG) Program implemented by a consortium of partners in northern Karamoja, Uganda. GHG utilized a multi-sectoral approach to reach its goals of improved peace and food security by addressing three objectives:\n1) Economic growth - agriculture, livestock, and other income-generating activities (IGAs) through market systems and entrepreneurship.\n2) Improved nutrition - nutritional well-being of mothers and their children under five years of age and safe water, sanitation, and hygiene.\n3) Good governance – strengthening group formation and local authority to address governance issues, build capacity for conflict mitigation, and improve youth capacity to engage productively with the government. Using the gender and youth-sensitive approach across all sectors, this report assesses the relevance of implemented strategies and their relationship to Development Food Assistance Program (DFAP) goals, captures program impacts, collects best practices for dissemination, and determines the sustainability of program interventions. \n\nThe evaluation approach was based on the “Utilization-Focused Evaluation” principles developed by Michael Patton. The evaluation approach used mixed methods, both qualitative and quantitative, for data collection in the project areas of Karamoja. The assessment conducted focus group discussions (FGDs) with livestock keepers, butchers, hide and skin traders, crop producers, village savings and loan associations (VSLAs), and key informant interviews (KIIs) with retailers of stoves and livestock producers. The interviews were conducted using an interview guide for either key informant interviews (KIIs) or focus group discussions (FGDs). The evaluation was a rapid assessment of GHG activities. The evaluation team met a cross-section of stakeholders and beneficiaries but had limited time to cover three districts (Abim, Kaabong, and Kotido). The household nutrition survey (HNS) was not a randomized control treatment (RCT), but instead included women in the Mother Care Groups (MCG) and Mother Care Groups Plus (MCG+) receiving GHG interventions. The survey results are correlations and not causation with general development.\n", + "Key Findings": "• The Growth, Health and Governance (GHG) program improved nutrition outcomes of children under two.\n• The evaluation identifies non-traditional factors as contributors to under nutrition in Karamoja\n• GHG’s new Care Group Model was more effective at improving nutrition outcomes in Karamoja.\n• The evaluation found that safe water and community-led total sanitation (CLTS) activities were effective at combating undernutrition in Karamoja.\n• Gender equity was identified as a key factor in children’s undernutrition.\n• The evaluation confirmed that market facilitation delivers results, even where markets are initially lacking.", + "Key Recommendations": "A number of recommendations are made in the report, a few of these are mentioned below.\n\n1. Growth:\n• Promote the cultivation and crop protection (pests and disease) of bio-fortified food crops that are adapted to farming systems in the Karamoja Region.\n• Pivot to include adolescents in training on life skills and business management to create employment and entrepreneurship opportunities for girls and boys as alternatives to early marriage and pregnancy.\n\n2. Health and Nutrition:\n• Continue partnerships with the District Health Office (DHO) to assist with planning and budgeting of health facilities and services with a five-year health plan for the districts.\n• Upgrade the capacity of the village health team (VHT)/community health workers (CHW) with appropriate IT tools for better delivery of information and services to the households.\n\n3. Governance:\n• Continue to reduce the number of conflicts with continued support to peace groups, youth-led community based organizations (YCOB) and government agencies.\n• Support women’s involvement in decision-making in mitigating the impacts of climate change because\nwomen are mainly responsible for food production and are more vulnerable to the effects of climate change.\n", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00SVZZ.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Health Care", + "Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, and Hunting" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Mercy Corps", + "World Vision", + "Abim Women Together in Development", + "Feinstein International Center", + "Karamoja Peace and Development Agency" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Flexibility and Pace" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Risk-Mitigation and Flexible Authorities", + "Reputation and Credible Convening Power" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Advancing Learning and Market Research;", + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID", + "Mercy Corps" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Youth" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Health", + "Agriculture and Food Security", + "Democracy, Human Rights, & Governance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Micro, Small, or Medium Enterprise" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2017" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Dorice Agol" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Burundi", + "Kenya", + "Rwanda", + "Tanzania", + "Uganda" + ], + "Document ID": "1701-Agol-MLT", + "Document Title": "A Performance Evaluation of Planning for Resilience in East Africa through Policy, Adaptation, Research, and Economic Development (PREPARED) Project", + "Document Summary": "Preserving the integrity of the environment is a cornerstone of sustainable economic growth. This is especially true for five East African Community (EAC) Partner States: Burundi, Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania, and Uganda. The rich resource base is an essential platform for the public health and control of infectious diseases linked to a safe and efficiently operated transboundary freshwater supply. World-class wildlife is the backbone of tourism, generating a significant proportion of the region’s gross domestic product. Adaptations to the effects of climate change across the agriculture sector are necessary to ensure adequate food security and expansion of trade in future decades. USAID/Kenya East Africa (USAID/KEA) awarded a five-year, $23.249 million project ‘Planning for Resilience in East Africa through Policy Adaptation, Research, and Economic Development (PREPARED)’, to Tetra Tech in December, 2012. PREPARED is composed of five components three of which are technical: 1) transboundary freshwater biodiversity conservation; 2) improved access to drinking water supply, sanitation and wastewater treatment services; 3) increased resiliency to climate change; 4) crosscutting program coordination; and 5) management. Separately and together, these issues have enormous social and economic implications for equitable development across the region. This midterm performance evaluation was completed at the end of the fourth year of implementation. The overall objectives of the evaluation are to: 1) inform the mission on how the current PREPARED project may be adjusted for improved development results; 2) to inform future activities and current project design; and 3) to document challenges, opportunities, successes, and lessons learned that can be used to guide potential scale up of certain activities.", + "Key Findings": "• First, the nature of the USAID design process coupled with EAC protocols often means that experienced line staff implementing projects at the EAC and within Partner States, are not included in the design phase of projects.\n\n• Secondly, M&E systems across most activities are perceived as inadequate, focusing on outputs rather than outcomes.\n\n• Third, PREPARED lacked an effective overall community strategy for engaging and communicating with stakeholders including EAC Partner States and regional organizations, on project matters.\n\n• Fourth, in several instances, custom indicators for the PREPARED M&E plan may have better reflected the project's strengths and weaknesses. Indicators reflected outputs rather than outcomes.\n\n• Finally, the team found that most activities will require an accelerated effort to become sustainable after PREPARED support ends.\n", + "Key Recommendations": "1. It is recommended that USAID/KEA makes a concerted effort to facilitate a more inclusive project design process for regional programs.\n\n2. It is recommended that an outcome-based M&E system be established.\n\n3. It is recommended that PREPARED should compile a living\ndocument to illustrate lessons learned throughout the project’s life.\n\n4. It is recommended that USAID/KEA use such custom indicators for projects similar to PREPARED.\n\n5. It is recommended that this become the primary focus for the remaining life of the project.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00N5M1.pdf", + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships", + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Conflict" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Environment/Climate Change" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Regional Business" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2017" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Joyce Kyalo", + "Sayaka Koseki" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Kenya" + ], + "Document ID": "1701-Kyalo-KEN", + "Document Title": "Expanding HIV Services through the Private Sector in Kenya: A Costing Study", + "Document Summary": "At the International Health Economics Association (iHEA) 2017 World Congress in Boston, HP+ shared evidence and experiences from a range of countries. Sayaka Koseki shared evidence of the potential costs and cost savings of the Kenyan government’s plan to partner with the private sector to scale-up HIV services.", + "Key Findings": "• Staff competency: Aware of treatment guidelines but not consistently applied\n\n• Drug availability: Difficult to access affordable drugs in alignment with treatment guidelines\n\n• Lab equipment: Lab equipment and reagents are especially expensive to procure\n\n• Referral mechanism: No strong links within and across facilities to ensure treatment continuity\n", + "Key Recommendations": "Considerations for HIV Service Expansion in the Private Sector:\n1. With 2016 treatment guidelines, ensure private sector inclusion\n2. Address market failures for essential ARV medicines and laboratory reagents\n3. Consider payment mechanisms that incentivize standardized care\n4. Better segment market to identify high-need areas that are prime for private sector expansion", + "Internet URL of Document": "http://www.healthpolicyplus.com/ns/pubs/7150-7269_KenyaPrivateSectorHIVCostingIHEAJuly.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Health Care" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships", + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID", + "U.S. President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR)", + "HP+" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Health" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Formal Sector", + "Local Business" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2017" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "W. Pieter Pauw" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global", + "United States", + "Japan", + "Norway", + "Regional", + "Canada", + "New Zealand", + "Colombia", + "Zambia" + ], + "Document ID": "1701-Pauw-GLO-pr", + "Document Title": "Mobilising Private Adaptation Finance: Developed Country Perspectives", + "Document Summary": "The private sector is one of the sources of finance included in developed countries’ pledges in the UN climate negotiations to mobilize $100 billion annually by 2020 to support developing countries efforts to address climate change. In particular, it remains unclear what mobilized private finance is for adaptation. Research so far has focused on its potential and experiences in developing countries but not on the arguments of those who introduced and continue to advocate private adaptation finance: developed countries. This paper investigates the positions of developed countries and development banks and agencies. In particular, it aims to identify whether those actors can reach a common understanding of private adaptation finance that minimizes norm conflicts in a fragmented climate finance system. Empirically, the paper examines the Biennial Reports and submissions on Strategies and Approaches for Mobilizing Scaled-up Finance of six developed country parties, as well as data from interviews with experts from development banks and agencies. This paper first analyses four sets of documents from Canada, the EU, Japan, New Zealand, Norway, and the USA on their perspective on private adaptation finance: their Biennial Reports (BR) of 2014 (BR1) and 2015/2016 (BR2) and their submissions on Strategies and Approaches for Mobilising Scaled-up Finance of 2013 (MSF) and 2014 (MSF2).\n\nThis paper concludes diplomatic UNFCCC language around private adaptation finance differs from private sector reality. The report highlights the private sector’s low awareness of political aspects and conceptualizations of adaptation. Still, it states that the private sector has practical experience in addressing climate-related hazards such as heat waves and flooding. This sees the potential value for private investments in resilience in various sectors, including in developing countries. According to the respondents, technical assistance could increase the private sector’s understanding of climate change and stimulate investment in adaptation. This need for technical assistance, in combination with the limited mobilization of private adaptation finance so far, shows the private sector is not integrated into the climate finance system. One limitation of this study report is that private sector actors were not interviewed. ", + "Key Findings": "The private sector is one of the sources of finance included in developed countries’ pledge in the UN climate negotiations to mobilise $100 billion annually by 2020 to support developing countries’ efforts to address climate change. For adaptation in particular, it remains unclear what mobilised private finance is. Research so far has focused on its potential and experiences in developing countries, but not on the arguments of those who introduced and continue to advocate private adaptation finance: developed countries. This paper investigates the positions of developed countries and development banks and agencies. In particular, it aims to identify whether those actors can reach a common understanding of private adaptation finance that minimises norm conflicts in a fragmented climate finance system. Empirically, the paper examines the Biennial Reports and submissions on Strategies and Approaches for Mobilising Scaled-up Finance of six developed country parties, as well as data from interviews with experts from development banks and agencies. The analysis finds a number of discrepancies between these sets of actors, for example on motivations for and modes of private sector involvement. This discrepancy is the result of ambiguity around the concept of private adaptation finance in a highly fragmented climate finance architecture. This ambiguity is problematic when the aim of mobilising private adaptation finance is to contribute to the $100 billion commitment. However, if the aim is adaptation in practice, both ambiguity and fragmentation might actually make the climate finance system more inclusive and innovative", + "Key Recommendations": "However, if the aim of mobilising private finance is to reach the $100 billion commitment, the climate finance system requires a more static and integrated architecture.\n\nAlternatively, the aim could be output: maximising the mobilisation of effective private investments (rather than finance) in resilience and reducing vulnerability, regardless of whether these constitute climate finance or not.\n\nRather than being fixated on reaching the $100 billion commitment, the climate finance system should aim for adaptation output. This might also enhance innovation and include more actors in the system.", + "Internet URL of Document": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10784-016-9342-9", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Financial Services", + "Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, and Hunting", + "Hospitality/Tourism", + "Engineering & Construction" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities", + "Ability to Influence Policy" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;", + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment", + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "International Environmental Agreements" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Environment/Climate Change", + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "Peer-reviewed article or other research report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Multi-national Business", + "Financial Institution, Investors, and Intermediaries", + "Local Business" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Global", + "Asia", + "Europe and Eurasia", + "Africa", + "Latin America and the Carribean" + ], + "Year": "2017" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Leni M. Silverstein", + "Ana West", + "Jaime Matias de Araujo Lobo", + "Paul Burns" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Angola" + ], + "Document ID": "1701-Silve-AGO", + "Document Title": "Final Performance Evaluation Report: Systems for Improved Access to Pharmaceuticals and Services (SIAPS) 2011- 2015, Angola", + "Document Summary": "The U.S. Agency for International Development’s (USAID’s) Systems for Improved Access to Pharmaceuticals and Services (SIAPS) Program in Angola goal was to improve the availability and use of quality products for effective pharmaceutical service delivery and to enhance better health. The Management Sciences for Health (MSH)/SIAPS Program adopted a comprehensive approach aimed at improving and strengthening health systems overall through initiatives that cut across the healthcare spectrum. The SIAPS Program applied a health/pharmaceutical system strengthening approach that addressed governance, human resources, management, information, and service delivery, and focused on four major health and disease areas: HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria, and reproductive health. Differential emphases were weighted in these areas, depending upon government commitments and international funding. The SIAPS Program design and implementation aimed to create continuous, sustainable, systemic improvements in supply chain management through the building of institutional and individual capacity. The program designed innovative approaches and proposed policy and technical guidelines to support the unique requirements of disease programs in the Angolan context. By leveraging the vast and growing investments of the Government of the Republic of Angola (GRA) and the private sector towards advancing health outcomes while also enhancing citizen participation, USAID hoped to transform its partnership with the GRA to support the effective and sustainable accomplishment of the nation’s own development goals.", + "Key Findings": "The main findings and conclusions underscore the considerable contributions that SIAPS and its collaborating partners made towards organizing, regulating and controlling the purchase, storage and distribution of Angola's medical supplies. After conducting an initial assessment, SIAPS identified key gaps in the Angolan public supply chain (SC) systems, which included: inadequate coordination of SC stakeholder efforts and the lack of a national coordination mechanism or platform; the lack of a national SC strategy; the lack of a national medicines regulatory system; suboptimal logistics management information systems (LMIS); poor availability and lack of a culture of consistent use of data to inform decision-making; and inadequate performance measurement and monitoring for improvement across all levels of the SC system.", + "Key Recommendations": "Primary recommendations include: stronger advocacy by USAID, including urging the GRA Ministry of Health to approve and implement SIAPS policy documents and manuals (see Annex V), and to maintain USAID’s engagement with and advocacy of the government. Continued cooperation among implementing partners and stakeholders (a practice inaugurated by SIAPS) is encouraged as it presents opportunities for increasing both human and non-human resources and coordination. Additional training and resources are needed, both to maintain the systems and staffing that SIAPS put into place, and to strengthen the coordination and management of Angola’s pharmaceutical delivery system throughout the country, particularly in the provinces and municipalities.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00SVK8.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Health Care", + "Financial Services", + "Transportation and Warehousing" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Suninvest", + "Neofarma" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships", + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Health" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Multi-national Business", + "For-profit approach that generates sustainable income", + "Formal Sector", + "Financial Institution, Investors, and Intermediaries" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2017" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Jenna Wright", + "Karishmah Bhuwanee", + "Ffyona Patel", + "Jeanna Holtz", + "Thierry van Bastelaer", + "Rena Eichler" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Burkina Faso", + "Benin", + "Cameroon", + "Guinea", + "Mali", + "Niger", + "Senegal", + "Togo" + ], + "Document ID": "1701-Wrigh-MLT", + "Document Title": "Financing of Universal Health Coverage and Family Planning: A Multi-Regional Landscape Study and Analysis of Select West African Countries", + "Document Summary": "This Multi-Regional Landscape Study and Analysis of Select West African Countries report presents findings of a landscape study of observed trends and lessons learned from fifteen countries across multiple regions. The report discusses the landscape study findings from analysis across the fifteen countries. It presents in-depth results from the eight core countries, including descriptions of each country’s health financing landscape and its government’s strategies for UHC and family planning, a discussion of the country’s health financing challenges and strengths, and potential opportunities for high-impact interventions that could improve the country’s health financing landscape for UHC and family planning. \n\nHFG undertook a landscape study to identify regionally relevant strategies and policies for health financing for UHC and family planning. Health financing specialists from HFG reviewed the health financing landscape for UHC and family planning across eight countries in West Africa: Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Guinea, Mali, Niger, Senegal, and Togo (“core countries”). HFG also reviewed the health financing landscape of seven additional countries (“reference countries”) at various stages of achieving UHC to draw lessons learned and inform potential strategies. HFG selected the fifteen study countries using a scoring system to rank potential study sites. Likely core countries comprised the twenty-one countries in West Africa that are included in the USAID West Africa Regional Development Cooperation Strategy. The study collected qualitative data on the health financing arrangements in the fifteen countries and conducted a desk-based review of the critical government strategies and study reports: the government’s health sector strategic plan, UHC strategy, or equivalent; the government’s health financing policy or equivalent; the government’s reproductive health or family planning policy or equivalent; Demographic and Health Survey reports for the country; and National Health Accounts reports for the country. The review also collected data from additional public domain sources identified through web-based searches, including other government strategy documents, studies and reports, peer-reviewed journal articles, news articles, and gray literature.\n", + "Key Findings": "Government Strategies to Pursue Universal Health Coverage and Universal Access to Family Planning: All fifteen governments mentioned UHC or a similar concept in major government health sector strategies, although most countries do not intend to reach universal coverage during their strategy’s timeframe. Health Financing Mechanisms in Core and Reference Countries, and Private Sector Engagement: Even in the least fragmented health care systems, health services are financed through a plurality of mechanisms.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.hfgproject.org/financing-universal-health-coverage-family-planning-multi-regional-landscape-study-analysis-select-west-african-countries/", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Health Care" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Efficiency and Effectiveness", + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships", + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Health" + ], + "Type of Document": "Landscape Analysis", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Local Business" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2017" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Sulzhan Bali", + "Jessica Taaffe" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global", + "Syria" + ], + "Document ID": "1702-Bali-GLO-pr", + "Document Title": "The Sustainable Development Goals and the Global Health Security Agenda: exploring synergies for a sustainable and resilient world", + "Document Summary": "Both the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the Global Health Security Agenda (GHSA) represent bold initiatives to address systematic gaps in previous efforts to ensure that societies can be resilient when confronted with potentially overwhelming threats to health. Despite their obvious differences and differing criticisms of both, they shift away from vertical (problem- or disease-specific) to horizontal (comprehensive) solutions. Despite the comprehensiveness of the SDGs, they lack a specific target for global health security. The GHSA focuses primarily on infectious diseases and neglects non-communicable diseases and socioeconomic drivers of health. Even though each agenda has limitations and unique challenges, they are complementary. This paper discusses how to synergistically understand and implement the two agendas to hasten progress toward a more sustainable and resilient world. \n\nThe paper highlights ‘‘securitization of health’’ or viewing epidemics as a threat to national and international security has increased political awareness and funding for epidemic responses, such as the Ebola and Zika epidemics. In an increasingly shrinking global village (due to globalization), health stretches beyond the realm of the health sector to impact all critical areas of foreign policy: diplomacy, trade, development, human dignity, security, and political and legal institutions. Thus, it is essential to optimize the delivery of any donor-driven global health program to take foreign policy and diplomatic perspectives into account, to ensure downstream gains to donor and recipient countries. Health-related ceasefires in conflict areas and the US government’s President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPfAR) are two examples of synergistic diplomatic and global health gains achieved with global health programs. SDGs are unique in their recognition of the importance of ‘‘planetary health’’— integration of the interconnected human health systems and natural systems— to achieve equity, sustainability, and security. \n\nThe paper concludes that the successful implementation of the SDGs and the GHSA will require extensive mobilization of international and national political support and effective governance and political accountability from countries. A key challenge for the GHSA pertains to global health governance, specifically the lack of binding mechanisms to ensure political accountability for compliance with IHR. Implementation of both the SDGs and the GHSA by states would face ‘‘grand challenges of governance’’— collaboration, corruption, stewardship, and accountability. The GHSA and the SDGs use complex and horizontal approaches to strengthen health systems and build IHR core capacities for a sustainable world resilient against infectious disease threats. Implementation of SDGs and the GHSA is still in the early stages. Opportunities abound to influence and guide their implementation. Obstacles to achieving the goals of the GHSA and SDGs are not insurmountable, and overcoming them would be significantly facilitated by recognizing the synergy between the two agendas rather than by assuming they must be mutually exclusive.", + "Key Findings": "Both the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the Global Health Security Agenda (GHSA) represent bold initiatives to address systematically gaps in previous efforts to assure that societies can be resilient when confronted with potentially overwhelming threats to health. Despite their obvious differences, and differing criticisms of both, they shift away from vertical (problem-or disease-specific) to horizontal (comprehensive) solutions. Despite the comprehensiveness of the SDGs, they lack a specific target for global health security. The GHSA focuses primarily on infectious diseases and neglects non communicable diseases and socioeconomic drivers of health. Even though each agenda has limitations and unique challenges, they are complementary. We discuss ways to understand and implement the two agendas synergistically to hasten progress toward a more sustainable and resilient world.", + "Key Recommendations": "1. Increase financial support for SDGs and GHSA implementation by enhancing private sector engagement and domestic resource mobilization and allocation.\n\n2. Increase fiscal support for SDGs and GHSA by encouraging OECD countries to achieve their target Overseas Development\nAid (ODA) of 0.7 per cent as agreed by donor nations at high-level international development conferences and by mobilizing G20 nations (an international forum for the governments and central bank governors from 20 major economies founded in 1999 to study, review, and promote high-level discussion of policy issues about international financial stability) to allocate greater resources toward health.\n\n3. Engage civil society for GHSA advocacy and support.\n\n4. Facilitate implementation of SDGs and the GHSA through incentives and by developing five-year plans.\n\n5. Enhance governance structures to include political accountability for IHR implementation during outbreaks and ensure transparency for SDG implementation.", + "Internet URL of Document": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/s41271-016-0058-4", + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Journal of Public Health Policy" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Conflict" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Health" + ], + "Type of Document": "Peer-reviewed article or other research report", + "USAID Region": [ + "Middle East", + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2017" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Barnaby Willitts-King", + "Nisar Majid", + "Sherine El Taraboulsi-McCarthy" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Yemen", + "Somalia" + ], + "Document ID": "1702-ELTAR-MLT", + "Document Title": "Private sector engagement in complex emergencies: case studies from Yemen and southern Somalia", + "Document Summary": "While there is growing recognition of the role of the private sector in humanitarian action, little in-depth analysis on this issue has been conducted in areas of conflict. Building on previous research by the Humanitarian Policy Group at the Overseas Development Institute, in collaboration with the Humanitarian Futures Programme and the UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA), this study explores how the local private sector has responded to the crises in Yemen and Somalia, and the opportunities for, and obstacles to, private sector engagement with the humanitarian sector in such contexts. The study offers several correctives to existing assumptions about the scope and scale of potential private sector involvement in situations of conflict. These assumptions are informed by perceptions of the private sector as risk-averse, limiting its humanitarian role to that of a funder of humanitarian causes rather than an actively engaged partner on the ground. Another perception is that the private sector in a conflict, like many local actors, is politicised and thus unable to uphold humanitarian principles of impartiality and neutrality. Finally, the study identifies potential opportunities for cooperation between the business and humanitarian communities (international, national and local) in order to better address the needs of affected communities.", + "Key Findings": "Analysis in this study focuses on private sector actors that have a humanitarian role. In both contexts, the private sector has facilitated access to humanitarian aid, leveraged its own resources and distributed assistance (cash and otherwise) to affected communities. In Yemen, a microfinance bank has used its established networks across the country to distribute cash assistance and has collaborated with humanitarian actors such as the Red Cross. Two of Yemen’s largest business groups have taken on responsibility for distributing food and other resources. In Somalia, the private sector delivers humanitarian commodities under contracts worth hundreds of millions of dollars. Private sector actors and humanitarian organizations have also collaborated in delivering cash-based programming via the hawala money transfer network.\n\nThis preliminary study finds a number of areas of common ground that may help foster stronger connections between the business and humanitarian communities, both within these contexts and more broadly. A key recognition is that the private sector is present in complex emergencies, contrary to the\ngeneral perception that areas of conflict are no place for business. The challenge is to foster positive relationships which can support humanitarian goals.", + "Key Recommendations": "Key recommendations across the two countries include:\n• Strengthen the links between local and international businesses, and between business and the humanitarian sector.\n• Convene discussions to chart constructive responses\nto counter-terror requirements.\n• Actively integrate business engagement in humanitarian action within the wider corporate sustainability movement and lexicon.\n• Networking networks: convene business networks at country and regional levels.\n• Understand the links between private sector and market-based approaches in complex emergencies.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://cdn.odi.org/media/documents/11354.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Financial Services", + "Food & Beverage" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Risk-Mitigation and Flexible Authorities", + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Humanitarian Policy Group (HPG)" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Humanitarian Assistance", + "Environment/Climate Change" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "USAID Region": [ + "Middle East", + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2017" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Oleksiy Ivaschenko", + "Jesse Doyle", + "Aisha Mansur" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Fiji" + ], + "Document ID": "1702-MANSU-FJI", + "Document Title": "Social Protection and Humanitarian Assistance Nexus for Disaster Response: Lessons Lernt from Fiji's Tropical Cyclone Winston", + "Document Summary": "This discussion paper presents an analysis of the humanitarian response following Tropical Cyclone (TC) Winston, and looks specifically at the role social protection played in improving disaster response and complementing the humanitarian assistance effort in Fiji. The paper also explores the changing landscape of social protections following TC Winston and documents some of the key achievements and challenges faced in the response period. Furthermore, a list of recommendations has been put together for further discussion on future disaster responsive social protection.", + "Key Findings": "This paper presents an analysis of the humanitarian response led by the\nGovernment of Fiji following Tropical Cyclone Winston, and looks specifically at the role the social protection system played in disaster response, as well as complementing the humanitarian relief efforts. The safety net system or social assistance programs, were scaled up to provide relief to the most vulnerable, in the form of cash transfer top-up payments.\n\nWhile the national social protection system was used to channel humanitarian relief in the form of cash vouchers to the affected families. The interplay between the social protection and humanitarian assistance efforts in Fiji, presents a compelling case for synchronizing and complementing relief efforts in the future. And, a set of recommendations have been put forward for consideration, for strengthening future disaster responsive social protection.", + "Key Recommendations": "Based on the experiences of TC Winston and the lessons learnt, the following recommendations can be put forward for the Government’s consideration moving forward, for a stronger and resilient disaster response framework.\n1) Develop an institutionalized (formal) Social Protection Policy Framework, with an embedded disaster responsive component.\n2) Develop Standard Operating Procedures (SOP’s) and guidelines for disaster responsive social protection.\n3) Establish a coordination mechanism for cash transfer interventions in times of disaster.\n4) Consolidate and centralize the Poverty Benefit Scheme (PBS) database so that both poor and near-poor households can be targeted in times of disaster. \n5) Complement humanitarian assistance with both in-kind and cash assistance, based on access and functionality of local markets.\n6) Develop a Post-Disaster Communication Plan.\n7) Explore options for Disaster Risk Financing for Fiji.\n", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/26408", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Other", + "Food & Beverage", + "Business Services" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;", + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "World Bank Group" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Humanitarian Assistance" + ], + "Type of Document": "White Paper/Think Tank Report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Formal Sector" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Asia" + ], + "Year": "2017" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Barbara O'Hanlon", + "Angellah Nakyanzi", + "Veronica Musembi", + "Ivan Busulwa", + "Rebecca Husband", + "Robert Okumu", + "Francis Zikusooka", + "Joy Batusa", + "Dithan Kiragga", + "Sarah Byakika", + "Timothy Musila", + "Sandra Kebirungi", + "Andrew Kyambadde" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Uganda" + ], + "Document ID": "1702-O'Hanl-UGA", + "Document Title": "Exploring Partnership Opportunities to Achieve Universal Health Access: 2016 Uganda Private Sector Assessment in Health", + "Document Summary": "The Ministry of Health (MoH), with support from the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), the World Bank Group’s Health in Africa Initiative, and the Global Finance Facility (GFF) supporting the United Nations (UN) Secretary-General’s Every Woman Every Child initiative, commissioned the USAID/Uganda Private Health Support Program to conduct a private health sector assessment (PSA) in Uganda. The overall aim was to generate and consolidate information on the relevance and contribution of the private health sector to inform country planning by government, development partners, and private health sector entities. \n\nThis report documents and develops a comprehensive understanding of private sector activities throughout the health system in Uganda; identifies potential areas for the Ugandan private health sector to contribute to MoH’s goal and objectives as outlined in Health Sector Development Plan (HSDP) 2015/16-2019/20; and proposes a road map to harness private sector potential to address a select number of strategic health areas and/or health systems gaps as outlined in the MoH Public-Private Partnership in Health (PPPH) Policy 2012 and Strategy, 2016.\n\nThe assessment adopted the approach developed by USAID called “Assessment to Action,” which is comprised of five steps: Plan, Collect Data, Analyze the Data, Validate the Findings, and Act on Recommendations. The assessment began with a literature review of gray literature, published policy documents, and previous studies on the private sector and public-private partnership (PPP) arrangements in health. In addition, the PSA conducted a secondary analysis of surveys (Uganda Demographic and Health Surveys [UDHS], Health Service Provision Assessment [HSPA], and National Health Accounts [NHA]) as well as routine monitoring data from the District Health Information System (DHIS 2). Following the literature review, the study conducted over 18 stakeholder interviews to fill information gaps. The team also conducted 162 site visits at public and private health facilities in 22 districts, ensuring urban-rural representation. The PSA Team triangulated all the data from the different data collection processes and organized the findings and recommendations by the World Health Organization (WHO) health system building blocks.\n", + "Key Recommendations": "1. Build government capacity to assure quality in a mixed health delivery system.\n2. Create financial incentives to harness the private sector.\n3. Reduce economic barriers to health services and medicines.\n4. Build public and private sector capacity to foster PPD.\n5. Broker targeted partnerships to increase access to health services and strengthen health systems. ", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00THHJ.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Health Care" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships", + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;", + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Health" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Local Business" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2017" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Jared C. Woollacott", + "Amanda C. Walsh", + "Alan C. O'Connor" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Haiti" + ], + "Document ID": "1702-Wooll-HTI", + "Document Title": "Local Enterprise and Value Chain Enhancement (LEVE) Project: Measuring Job Impacts in the Haitian Apparel Sector Technical Report", + "Document Summary": "Measuring Job Impacts in the Haitian Apparel Sector Technical Report estimates the indirect and induced employment impacts of the Haitian apparel manufacturing sector. Understanding indirect and induced employment provides a more comprehensive picture of the employment impact of the apparel manufacturing sector. The United States Agency for International Development (USAID) funded this study through its Local Enterprise and Value Chain Enhancement (LEVE) Project to better understand the impact of USAID’s work on employment in Haiti’s apparel sector. Beyond meeting USAID and LEVE’s needs, this study offers valuable information to the Haitian Ministry of Commerce and Industry (MCI), Association des Industries d’Haiti (ADIH), and the Haitian public sector as they consider public policies that may affect apparel manufacturing in Haiti. \n\nThe report provides a detailed description of the Haitian apparel industry and describes the process of estimating indirect and induced job impacts. It summarizes job impact estimates from other development settings and for the apparel sector in twenty countries with significant apparel sector exports based on secondary data from the Global Trade Analysis Project. The report details the results of our primary data collection efforts targeting manufacturers, employees, suppliers, and vendors connected with the apparel sector, summarizes the results of our analysis and provides conclusions.\n\nRTI International devised and implemented a multi-faceted approach that relies on primary data collection and the best-available secondary data sources. Existing data on production and consumption patterns formed the initial basis of the impact estimates. To reflect local conditions in Haiti, the assessment revised these data based on results from surveys and interviews we commissioned and conducted. To generate employment multipliers, the study used an economic input-output model incorporating production and trade data about the apparel sector in the Caribbean region; Haitian apparel industry data from ADIH; Business operations and employment requirements of apparel manufacturers, their suppliers, and nearby street vendors from structured interviews and surveys; and income and expenditures for apparel workers and their households from surveys. The study also commissioned surveys of employees and street vendors in three industrial parks: Parc Industrial Metropolitan (PIM) in Port-au-Prince, Parc Industrial de Caracol (PIC), and Compagnie de Development Industrial (CODE). As a cross-reference for our Haiti-specific estimates, the study reviewed studies from other development settings. It derived impact estimates from secondary data for twenty countries and regions with significant apparel exports.\n", + "Key Findings": "For every one job in apparel production in Haiti, 0.28 jobs exist in the supply chain, and 0.33 jobs are supported by workers spending their wages on food, education, goods, and services. This means that the apparel industry in Haiti supports a total of 65,892 jobs throughout the economy in the form of:\n\n• 41,000 apparel industry jobs,\n• 11,456 jobs with companies in the supply chain supporting the industry , and\n• 13,437 jobs supported by workers spending their wages in the community.\nThese are largely net new jobs because the revenue that supports them comes from abroad and not from Haitian consumers. In calculating job impacts, we varied certain key inputs to see how the estimates could vary under different economic conditions.\n", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.marketlinks.org/sites/default/files/resource/files/LEVE-Technical-Report-Apparel-Sector-Multiplier_508.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Retail" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Local Business" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Latin America and the Carribean" + ], + "Year": "2017" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Gigih Udi Atmo", + "Colin Duffield", + "Lihai Zhang", + "David Ian Wilson" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Indonesia", + "Australia" + ], + "Document ID": "1703-Atmo-IDN-pr", + "Document Title": "Comparative performance of PPPs and traditional procurement projects in Indonesia", + "Document Summary": "This paper aims to investigate the outcomes of Indonesian power projects as representative projects of Asian emerging economies that were procured via public-private partnerships (PPPs) and traditional public sector procurement. This paper compares the performance between PPPs and traditional procurement methods for Indonesian power projects. It measures the outcomes of a project based on the dimensions of time, cost, and quality performance. Project performance of ex-ante commercial operation date was used to compare project time and cost performance between PPPs and traditional power projects. These two dimensions of project performance were measured between original contractual commitment and project construction and commissioning completion. The power plant availability performance for the first two years ex-post commercial operation date was used to compare project quality performance between these two procurement methods.", + "Key Findings": "The results indicate that PPP projects had superior time and operating availability to those procured traditionally whereas no significant differences were identified in the cost performance between PPPs and traditionally procured projects. These findings highlight the importance of adopting policies that are supported by broader sources of international financiers and high quality power plant developers.", + "Key Recommendations": "This study provides an empirical basis for governments of emerging economies to select the most beneficial procurement strategy for power plant projects. It highlights the importance of selecting experienced providers and to adopt policies that attract high quality international project financiers and power plant developers. This includes the need to ensure the commercial viability of projects and to seriously consider the use of cleaner power technologies.", + "Internet URL of Document": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/IJPSM-02-2016-0047", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Energy", + "Engineering & Construction", + "Financial Services" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Flexibility and Pace", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments", + "Risk-Mitigation and Flexible Authorities" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;", + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "International Journal of Public Sector Management" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "Peer-reviewed article or other research report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "For-profit Commercial Entity", + "Formal Sector", + "Local Business", + "Financial Institution, Investors, and Intermediaries" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Asia" + ], + "Year": "2017" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Sarah Bailey" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Ethiopia", + "Zimbabwe", + "Bangladesh" + ], + "Document ID": "1703-BAILE-MLT", + "Document Title": "Electronic transfers in humanitarian assistance and uptake of financial services: A synthesis of ELAN case studies", + "Document Summary": "The Electronic Cash Transfer Learning Action Network (ELAN) undertook case studies to provide evidence on whether delivering humanitarian cash transfers through mobile money influences recipients’ future use of digital financial services. The case studies examine electronic transfer (‘e-transfer’) projects in Ethiopia, Zimbabwe and Bangladesh. The Humanitarian Policy Group at ODI\nproduced this paper summarising the case study findings. Each case study examined:\n• the extent to which e-transfer projects influenced the use of mobile money among recipients;\n• factors that affected e-transfer recipients’ uptake of financial services; and\n• considerations for future e-transfer programmes aiming to increase the use of digital financial services among recipients. ", + "Key Findings": "1. Delivering humanitarian cash transfers through mobile money\ncreates potential opportunities to connect recipients with broader digital financial services, but does not automatically lead to widespread or sustained uptake. People may prefer to continue using informal financial systems that are more familiar, accessible and profitable.\n2. In the case studies looked at in this research, exposure to mobile\nmoney through humanitarian cash transfers was not sufficient to enable recipients previously unfamiliar with mobile money to conduct transactions independently.\n3. Given that the priorities of humanitarian responses are to meet urgent needs, a disaster or crisis may not be the most appropriate time to invest in building digital literacy.\n4. Aid agencies should still be able to use mobile money delivery systems when they are the most efficient, accessible and transparent way to deliver humanitarian cash transfers.", + "Key Recommendations": "1. Recognise that improving the digital literacy of people new to mobile technology requires continued training and opportunities to practice, which may not be appropriate or a priority in short-term humanitarian programmes.\n2. Assess demand for digital financial services (e.g. savings, money transfers) before investing in activities to improve uptake and recognise that recipients may prefer to continue using other financial services that they consider more relevant and accessible.\n3. Ensure that recipients unfamiliar with mobile technologies have adequate support to cash out their transfers during the project, for instance dedicated NGO staff and helpdesks.\n4. Monitor mobile money agents’ liquidity to ensure that lack of cash does not significantly affect programme quality or restrict participants’ choices.\n5. Consider ways to support mobile phone purchases, including through loans, payment plans and subsidies.\n6. Assess and mitigate gender-specific constraints, such as women’s access to phones and mobile money agents.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.mercycorps.org/sites/default/files/2019-11/ETransfersinHumanitarianAssistanceFinancialServices.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Financial Services", + "Telecommunications" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "The Electronic Cash Transfer Learning Action Network (ELAN)", + "MasterCard" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments", + "Reputation and Credible Convening Power" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Overseas Development Institute (ODI)" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Humanitarian Assistance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Financial Institution, Investors, and Intermediaries", + "Large Enterprise", + "Formal Sector" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa", + "Asia" + ], + "Year": "2017" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Rebecca Lewin", + "Gabrielle Smith", + "Marion Péchayre", + "Lili Mohiddin", + "Helene Juillard" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "1703-JUILL-GLO", + "Document Title": "The Influence of Market Support Interventions on Household Food Security ", + "Document Summary": "There is growing consensus on the need to consider and support markets as part of humanitarian responses. It is assumed that this support will increase the impact of responses – yet to date such assumptions are rarely supported by data and strong evidence. This evidence synthesis, commissioned by the Humanitarian Evidence Programme and carried out by a team of independent and multidisciplinary consultants, represents the first ever attempt to identify, synthesize and evaluate the existing evidence on the influence of market support interventions on household food security in humanitarian crises. It is accompanied by a stand-alone executive summary and evidence brief. It forms part of a series of humanitarian evidence syntheses and systematic reviews commissioned by the Humanitarian Evidence Programme.", + "Key Findings": "1. Market support interventions do positively influence the food security of disaster-affected households\n2. Sufficient coverage of targeted market actors is needed to ensure an impact on household food security\n3. Market support interventions improve the income (and assumed food security) of targeted market actors\n4. Market support interventions can be part of an integrated programme approach, potentially increasing their positive influence on household food security\n5. Market support interventions complemented with vouchers can influence the food security of targeted households\n6. Market support interventions can be implemented in a range of contexts and response types", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://policy-practice.oxfam.org/resources/the-influence-of-market-support-interventions-on-household-food-security-an-evi-620238/", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Other" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Tufts University" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Oxfam", + "Feinstein International Center", + "Tufts University Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy", + "UKAID" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Humanitarian Assistance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Landscape Analysis", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Formal Sector" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2017" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Faheem Khan" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Bangladesh" + ], + "Document ID": "1703-Khan-BGD", + "Document Title": "SHOUHARDO III, CARE Bangladesh Labor Market Assessment ", + "Document Summary": "The Labor Market Assessment (LMA) report provides essential guidance to Bangladesh's SHOUHARDO III project management. It covers the critical components of the Theory of Change (ToC), including the types of self-employment and wage-employment participants currently are involved with and areas of growth potential where participants can consider for better and more sustained improved income. \n\nThe report highlights that the LMA is a relatively new approach in Bangladesh. To best understand the \"labor demand\" required by the private sector, government sector, and civil society (including NGOs) and the \"labor supply\" currently on offer by youth participants of SHOUHARDO III, the primary survey targeted respondents from the youth population of participants of the program, appointed government representatives, elected representatives, and local businesses. Interviews were also conducted with select national actors mandated to work with poor youth – to strengthen their capacity to engage more effectively with the wage-employment sector and their ability to engage in sustainable self-employment. Tools such as survey questionnaires for Key Informant Interviews (KII), including the local private sector businesses, and a Focus Group Discussion (FGD) questionnaire for conducting separate female and male group discussions were developed and used. \n\nThis report details the findings and analytical conclusions drawn from the LMA. It was evident from the survey that agriculture-related work – as day laborers or sharecroppers – livestock rearing and fishing continue to dominate as self-employment sectors across the char and haor regions. Rickshaw-pulling, spinning, and tailoring are the pre-dominant wage-employment sectors, where tailoring could also be a source of self-employment for small entrepreneurs. Based on the findings from the survey, the report suggests that SHOUHARDO III must continually be diligent in its commitment to improving people's lives, not only in terms of increasing incomes but ensuring that people live a life of dignity. Accordingly, the program must gauge the broader implications of how people's lives will change working in their chosen sectors.\n", + "Key Findings": "75 percent participants from Key Informant Interviews (KII) and 84 percent Focus Group respondents, described youth as being between the age range of 18-35 years; 35 percent Key Informants and 32 percent Focus Group respondents described youth as unmarried; and 49 percent Key Informants and 75 percent Focus Group respondents described youth as willing and able to work.\n\nIn the char districts of Kurigram and Sirajganj, primary current self-employment income sources for youth include tailoring, livestock rearing, handicrafts for female participants, and mobile phone servicing, livestock rearing, masonry, computer operations, electrical work, and tailoring for male participants.\n\nMore progressive income opportunities are growing in the areas of mobile phone servicing, computer operators, auto-mechanics and electricians – all of which are almost entirely male dominated.\n\nThe haor districts of Sunamganj and Kishoreganj came with similar responses of income sources to that of the char districts.\n\nA portion of the PEP depend on seasonal or temporary migration to the larger cities of Dhaka, Sylhet and Chittagong.\n", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00N4T6.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Telecommunications", + "Business Services" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Bangladesh Small & Cottage Industries Corporation (BSCIC)", + "Grameen Phone" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships", + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment", + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Local Business" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Asia" + ], + "Year": "2017" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Emily Mangone", + "Nelson Gitonga" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Tanzania", + "Papua New Guinea", + "Pakistan", + "Senegal" + ], + "Document ID": "1703-Mango-TZA", + "Document Title": "Public-Private Partnerships for Family Planning: Case Studies on Local Participation", + "Document Summary": "Intended for ministries of health and finance and private organizations, this primer highlights diverse case studies from Papua New Guinea, Pakistan, Senegal, and Tanzania for family planning that demonstrate local engagement and have the potential to be replicated in resource-constrained settings. Through these examples, this primer discusses each PPP’s relevance to family planning, its achievements and challenges, and the contributions of each partner. Ultimately, these examples may encourage public and private actors to think more broadly and inclusively about how PPPs can advance family planning. The primer may also stimulate discussion among the international community about inclusive approaches to PPP development.\n\nThis study uses a two-pronged approach to identify PPPs for family planning and understand their contexts. First, a comprehensive literature review of PPPs in family planning, health, and other sectors, such as energy, water, and infrastructure, to identify documented innovations, achievements, and challenges. Secondary sources included peer-reviewed articles, project reports, policy documents, and technical briefs. Second, the key informant interviews representatives of public and private entities in four sub-Saharan African countries (Kenya, Malawi, Tanzania, and Uganda). Stakeholders included PPP practitioners and members of newly established PPP units housed within the ministries of health and policy. Five case studies are presented focusing on different aspects of the health system; all examples show local participation. \n\nThe primer highlights a variety of functions beyond service delivery, which may inspire innovation and encourage novel partnerships. The study uses the WHO health system building blocks framework as an organizing principle to stimulate new thinking on how PPPs could address various health system functions. Using this framework, this study identifies examples of PPPs for family planning in service delivery, workforce, financing, medical products and technologies, health information, and leadership and governance. While there are many examples of solid PPPs for family planning at the global level, driven by aid agencies and private donors, this primer highlights PPPs for family planning relevant to host country ministries of health and finance in low-resource settings. Therefore, only PPPs with the active participation of local governments or ministries of health are included.\n", + "Key Findings": "In general, PPPs for family planning do not yet have the scientific evidence base to be listed as a family planning high impact practice. This is in part because PPPs are not one practice but several practices with varying contractual and financing models. To better understand the potential scope and impact of these partnerships, clearer definitions, deeper interrogation of the roles of key parties (the government, donors, and the private sector), additional examples, and further research are needed.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.shopsplusproject.org/sites/default/files/2017-04/Public-Private%20Partnerships%20for%20Family%20Planning-Case%20Studies%20on%20Local%20Participation.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Health Care", + "Pharmaceuticals", + "Business Services", + "Telecommunications" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Marie Stopes International (MSI)", + "Pfizer Inc.", + "Airtel", + "TIGO", + "Zantel", + "Vodacom Foundation", + "Cardno Emerging Markets USA, Ltd.", + "Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities", + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships", + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "SHOPS Plus", + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Health" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "American Business", + "Multi-national Business", + "For-profit approach that generates sustainable income", + "Corporate Foundation", + "Formal Sector" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Asia", + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2017" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Emily C. Riley", + "Monty L. Lynn", + "Malini Tolat", + "Elly Kaganzi", + "Emily Janoch", + "Dan Norell" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Bangladesh", + "India", + "Ghana", + "Malawi", + "Mali", + "Niger", + "Tanzania", + "Zimbabwe" + ], + "Document ID": "1703-NOREL-GLO-pr", + "Document Title": "Value chain development with the extremely poor: evidence and lessons from CARE, Save the Children, and World Vision", + "Document Summary": "‘Value chain development with the extremely poor: evidence and lessons from CARE, Save the Children, and World Vision\" is a paper that explores lessons of how organizations’ use of value chain development and market-based approaches helps improve the livelihoods and food security of people living in extreme poverty. The authors explain value chain development and summarize different impacts, approaches, and innovations present in the programming of the three organizations. In particular, they connect each example with five levers of change that were identified through this research as essential components in an initiative. Concretely, the five levers are 1. capacity; 2. access; 3. productivity; 4. Household influence; and 5. Enabling environment. Capacity entails providing knowledge and boosting households’ self-confidence, access refers to increasing the possibility of getting productive resources and reliable services, productivity calls for improving income through the adoption of sustainable practices. Furthermore, household influence refers to the possibility of influencing decision-making processes and enabling environment entails creating and fostering positive attitudes, norms, and policies. For each lever, they focus on a particular example implemented by CARE, Save the Children, and World Vision among poor populations in Bangladesh, India, Ghana, Malawi, Mali, Niger, Tazania or Zimbanwe and note best practices, with holistic recommendations to conclude the paper.\n\n The authors emphasize that successful projects implemented by the three organization involved multisectoral approaches that incorporated health and nutrition components rather than just being focused on agricultural practices. Furthermore, the report suggests that projects need to incorporate the poor into markets, empower women to make informed nutrition decisions and control income, and focus on changing gender norms to allow more equitable decision-making processes. \n", + "Key Findings": "The majority of the world’s poorest people live in South Asia and Sub Saharan Africa. Most of these households engage in rural farming and subsist on incomes at or below the international extreme poverty line of US$1.90 per person per day (our working definition for the ‘extremely poor’) (FAO, 2015). CARE, Save the Children, and World Vision are applying inclusive value chain development (VCD) among households living in extreme poverty in an effort to catalyse sustained food security. In this article, we discuss how VCD can be applied with the extremely poor and how five levers of change can improve livelihoods: 1) capacity; 2) access; 3) productivity; 4) household influence; and 5) enabling environment. We describe examples of how market-based approaches can be utilized effectively to enhance food security. Although they may be distinctive at points, we highlight the complementary approaches and outcomes utilized by CARE, Save the Children, and World Vision in facilitating VCD. ", + "Key Recommendations": "1. Focus capacity building on sustainable access to information. The most vulnerable farmers need special support – such as lead farmers and women-focused extension – to access information in order to be able to increase yields and negotiate prices. Do not assume that all information channels are appropriate for the extremely poor, especially women, and tailor interventions accordingly. VSLAs can help extremely poor households build their productive assets and social capital over time. Training programmes help extremely poor households build their capacity to enter markets over time.\n\n2. Bring markets to the poor. Design ways to reduce cost and distance between extremely poor farmers and input suppliers, rather than assume that these farmers can overcome barriers on their own. Some successful interventions explored in this article include village agents, agri-kiosks, input fairs, buying centres and agro-dealers.\n\n3. Increase women’s influence to make decisions. Simply adding women participants to programmes is not enough. Increased production and income must be combined with increasing women’s influence over all household decisions. Women need to be empowered to increase their mobility, control income, make nutrition and health choices, and have increased access to extension.\n\n4. Change gender norms. Women’s access and capacity need to be supported by broader forces. Community leaders’ attitudes towards gender need to change to allow for more equitable decision-making processes at the household level. Men need to get involved in sharing women’s heavy labour burdens.\n\n5. Think beyond our silo. Value chains and economic development cannot stand alone. The poorest people face a variety of obstacles, including malnutrition, lack of education, and poor water and sanitation, that must also be addressed to sustain improvements in the food security indicators, such as a reduction of stunting. VCD activities need to operate with these additional sectors in project design or in collaboration with other public and private efforts in these sectors. ", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.wvi.org/sites/default/files/Value%20Chain%20Development%20with%20the%20Extremely%20Poor.FINAL_.2017.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, and Hunting", + "Telecommunications" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "SeedCo", + "DuPont Pioneer", + "Steward Bank", + "EcoNet" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment", + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Practical Action Publishing" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Agriculture and Food Security", + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "Peer-reviewed article or other research report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Informal Sector", + "Formal Sector", + "Financial Institution, Investors, and Intermediaries" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Asia", + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2017" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Matthew Soursourian", + "Peter McConaghy", + "Nadine Chehade", + "Mayada El-Zoghbi" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "1704-ELZOG-GLO", + "Document Title": "The role of financial services in Humanitarian Crises", + "Document Summary": "This paper seeks to enhance the knowledge of policy makers and donors on the role of financial services mitigating humanitarian crises by synthesizing existing empirical evidence as well as operational lessons from programmatic evaluations. Where evidence is strong enough, the paper recommends actions that policy makers and donors can take to improve the provision of financial services to crisis-affected populations. The paper also identifies future research and policy priorities. ", + "Key Findings": "Over 75 percent of adults living in countries with humanitarian crises remain outside of the formal financial system and struggle to respond to shocks and emergencies, build up productive assets, and invest in health, education, and business. Demand for financial services in crisis contexts, however, is high.\n\nExisting evidence suggests that access to financial services can strengthen the resilience of individuals and households in the face of negative shocks and significantly contribute to supporting livelihoods and stimulating economic activity after a crisis or disaster. Remittances help maintain consumption during difficult periods and contribute positively to local economic activity. Savings, whether formal or informal, can provide a form of self-insurance and thus help people to weather economic shocks without resorting to negative coping mechanisms such as assets depletion and child labor.", + "Key Recommendations": "1. Leveraging financial services as a tool to mitigate humanitarian crises requires the sustained commitment of Financial Services Providers (FSPs) \n2. Investing in host country systems and capacity to manage crisis by leveraging financial services should be prioritized \n3. Donors need to play a role in building deliberate linkages between humanitarian and development efforts through financial services provision \n4. Further evidence is needed to better understand the demand for and use of financial services by different segments of populations affected by crises. ", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.cgap.org/sites/default/files/Forum-The-Role-of-Financial-Services-in-Humanitarian-Crises_1.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Financial Services" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Efficiency and Effectiveness", + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "State and Peace-Building Fund (SPF)", + "World Bank Group", + "Consultative Group to Assist the Poor (CGAP)" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Humanitarian Assistance" + ], + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Financial Institution, Investors, and Intermediaries" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2017" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Burma", + "Burundi", + "Colombia", + "Congo (Kinshasa)", + "Ethiopia", + "Guatemala", + "Honduras", + "Nepal", + "Peru", + "Rwanda", + "South Sudan", + "Uganda", + "El Salvador", + "Nicaragua", + "Costa Rica", + "Panama", + "Dominican Republic", + "Jamaica" + ], + "Document ID": "1704-USAID-MLT", + "Document Title": "How USAID Works to Make the Coffee Supply Chain Sustainable", + "Document Summary": "This summary report briefly describes how USAID makes the coffee supply chain sustainable. The brief highlights that the U.S. coffee industry, responsible for nearly 1.7 million American jobs and $225 billion of the national Gross Domestic Product, is almost entirely dependent on overseas production. Only Hawaii is suitable for coffee production domestically. Through the Feed the Future initiative, USAID works closely with U.S. coffee companies to ensure a steady supply of quality coffee by assisting the world’s many at-risk coffee producers on whom our industry depends. Through its Feed the Future Project, USAID invests in efforts to help smallholder coffee producers in Africa, Latin America, the Caribbean, and Asia boost their productivity and incomes, transforming lives and supporting thousands of U.S. jobs. \n\nIn Burma, The Value Chains for Rural Development project is helping modernize smallholder agriculture by sustainably reducing poverty and hunger by improving smallholder productivity and profitability, including in the coffee sector. In Burundi, USAID supports the Burundi Coffee Alliance, a public-private partnership that harnesses investment from the two biggest coffee exporters, Olam International and Sucafina SA. In Colombia, USAID takes an integrated approach to support the coffee sector. USAID is helping the DRC modernize its coffee industry by strengthening coffee cooperatives in South Kivu. In Ethiopia, USAID helps its farmers improve productivity, and the country to enhance its coffee industry and promotes Ethiopian coffees on the world stage. USAID’s Rural Value Chains Project promotes sustainable market-led growth in rural areas, including the coffee sector in Guatemala. Coffee is one of the two priority value chains for USAID’s work in Honduras to increase household incomes and improve nutrition. In Nepal, USAID provided coffee-growing families training on tree nursery management and pest control. Through a public-private partnership, USAID is helping small-scale coffee farmers in Peru. The USAID has expanded its support in other resource-constrained countries to raise family income through coffee production, thus reducing poverty and hunger. The brief report also provides information about USAID support at regional and global levels. \n", + "Key Findings": "Through the Feed the Future initiative, USAID works closely with U.S. coffee companies to ensure a steady supply of quality coffee by assisting the world’s many at-risk coffee producers on whom our industry depends. By investing in efforts that help smallholder coffee producers in Africa, Latin America, the Caribbean, and Asia boost their productivity and incomes, we are transforming lives and supporting thousands of U.S. jobs in the process.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PBAAH612.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, and Hunting", + "Food & Beverage", + "Business Services" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "J.M. Smucker", + "Keurig Green Mountain", + "Starbucks", + "Olam International", + "Sucafina", + "Nespresso", + "TechnoServe", + "Cooperative Coffees" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships", + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge", + "Reputation and Credible Convening Power" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Conflict" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Agriculture and Food Security" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Formal Sector", + "Multi-national Business", + "For-profit approach that generates sustainable income", + "American Business", + "Large Enterprise" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa", + "Latin America and the Carribean", + "Asia" + ], + "Year": "2017" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Celine Aerts", + "Temmy Sunyoto", + "Fabrizio Tediosi", + "Elisa Sicuri" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "1705-Aerts-GLO-pr", + "Document Title": "Are public-private partnerships the solution to tackle neglected tropical diseases? A systematic review of the literature", + "Document Summary": "Pharmaceutical companies are reluctant to invest in research and development (R&D) of products for neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) mainly due to the low ability-to-pay of health insurance systems and potential consumers. The available preventive and curative interventions for NTDs mostly rely on old technologies and often inadequate products. Moreover, NTDs mostly affect populations living in remote rural areas and conflict zones, thereby hampering access to healthcare. The challenges posed by NTDs have led to the proliferation of various public-private partnerships (PPPs) in the last decades. This paper has conducted a systematic review to assess the functioning and impact of these partnerships on the development of and access to better technologies for NTDs. Our systematic review revealed a lack of empirical assessment of PPPs: the study team could not find any impact evaluation analyses. At the same time, these are crucial to realize PPPs' full potential and progress toward NTDs elimination. ", + "Key Findings": "Pharmaceutical companies are reluctant to invest in research and development (R&D) of products for neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) mainly due to the low ability-to-pay of health insurance systems and of potential consumers. The available preventive and curative interventions for NTDs mostly rely on old technologies and products that are often not adequate. Moreover, NTDs mostly affect populations living in remote rural areas and conflict zones, thereby hampering access to healthcare. The challenges posed by\nNTDs have led to the proliferation of a variety of public-private partnerships (PPPs) in the last decades. We conducted a systematic review to assess the functioning and impact of these partnerships on the development of and access to better technologies for NTDs. Our systematic review revealed a clear lack of empirical assessment of PPPs: we could not find any impact evaluation analyses, while these are crucial to realize the full potential of PPPs and to progress further towards NTDs elimination.", + "Key Recommendations": "To deal with this lack of transparency and ensuing shortage of data, one could require partnerships to register on a single platform, on which partners would have to declare all funding received; investments made; starting and ending dates of each clinical step; etc. This incentive to the public provision of information on partnership could be enhanced by a scheme, as suggested in the literature: “transparency in exchange for public funds.”\n\nIn addition to the lack of data, the research is challenged by the absence of a counterfactual to which PPPs for NTDs could be compared; as it is unlikely to see non-PPP models for diseases that mainly affect the poor. However, assessing how different characteristics of PPPs – such as geographic coverage, stakeholders involved, funding and governance structure – affect the desired outcome would already provide good insights into how the model could be optimized; shedding light on the drivers of their success or failure.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthpol.2017.05.005", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Pharmaceuticals", + "Health Care" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;", + "Advancing Learning and Market Research;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Health Policy" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Health" + ], + "Type of Document": "Peer-reviewed article or other research report", + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2017" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Helene Juillard" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "1705-CRS-MLT", + "Document Title": "Supporting Markets in Emergencies", + "Document Summary": "A review of recent humanitarian interventions that support local markets in emergency contexts revealed a limited scope and breadth of this type of activity. While many agencies show good creativity and understanding of market systems in emergencies, most activities are in the form of small grants to traders, to help them recover and to facilitate access to markets for disaster-affected communities. Such support includes small and large, formal and informal traders, but does not often go beyond grants, although sometimes trainings and other “soft support” are provided. The limited scope of market support activities is probably linked to the focused scope of many emergency market analyses or response analysis efforts that may not study all market actors or adequately consider market support activities, due to time constraints or simply humanitarians’ comfort level. Another likely barrier to scale and quality of market support activities is a lack of clarity across agencies of good practices. More evidence-building is suggested to contribute to the collective understanding of good market support practices.", + "Key Findings": "A few general trends were observed from the selection of fourteen case studies reviewed. These observations indicate the interesting but somewhat limited types of market support programs currently implanted by humanitarian practitioners:\n• Market support is largely implemented as cash grants to small traders.\n• Both formal (registered) and informal traders are recipients of market support.\n• Most market support programs impose conditions or restrictions on the money they distribute.\n• Market support by international actors is highly subsidized.\n• Market support programs may include trainings or other soft components.", + "Key Recommendations": "By gathering context-specific examples of programs that support market actors, market services, and the market environment during emergencies, this review begins to meet the need for more evidence-based guidelines for designing and implementing market-based programming. It is also meant to generate more creative response analysis by showcasing what has been done successfully in the past. There are significant opportunities for increased numbers and improved quality of market support programs in humanitarian sector, building on successes and challenges to date. The humanitarian community should continue to gather lessons learned and grow the evidence base around market support programs, to continue to develop this type of programming in humanitarian response.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://resourcecentre.savethechildren.net/document/supporting-markets-emergencies-scoping-study/", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Food & Beverage", + "Other" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Oxfam" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments", + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Advancing Learning and Market Research;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Catholic Relief Services" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Humanitarian Assistance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Landscape Analysis", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Large Enterprise", + "Informal Sector", + "Formal Sector", + "Micro, Small, or Medium Enterprise" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2017" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Albena Godlove" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Albania", + "Bulgaria", + "Romania", + "Hungary", + "Ukraine", + "Moldova" + ], + "Document ID": "1705-DevTe-MLT", + "Document Title": "Europe and Eurasia Enterprise Funds and Legacy Foundations Final Evaluation Report", + "Document Summary": "The United States Agency for International Development (USAID) contracted DevTech Systems, Inc. (DevTech) to carry out an evaluation of Enterprise Funds established by the Support for Eastern European Democracy (SEED) Act of 1989 and the Freedom Support Act (FSA) of 1992, and Legacy Foundations set up in the host countries between 2000 – 2015, funded with some of the proceeds from the investments of the Enterprise Funds. The overall purpose of this evaluation was to provide USAID and other stakeholders, including the American public, with an account of the Enterprise Funds and Legacy Foundations' experience, successes and shortcomings, and accomplishments. The evaluation also aimed to assess the effectiveness of the Enterprise Funds and Legacy Foundations as development tools in practice and to make recommendations for adaptations should policymakers consider using these mechanisms in other settings in the future.\n\nThe evaluation of the Enterprise Funds consisted of the following components: desk reviews; KIIs with Directors of the Board or Senior Executives; and a sample of site visits with investees, where these were available during the fieldwork. The evaluation of the Legacy Foundations consisted of desk reviews; KIIs with Directors of the Board and executives of contractors implementing scholarship programs on behalf of Foundations; sampling of grantees and site visits during the fieldwork; e-surveys for grantees in Romania and Hungary; and FGDs with foundation staff as part of the assessment of the Legacy Foundations' adherence to best practices in corporate governance. The evaluation team adapted a structured framework to assess corporate governance, finalized with extensive input from USAID. It incorporated recognized corporate governance principles in governing and staffing structures, strategic planning and management, grant-making practices, monitoring, evaluation, accountability, and communication. \n\nThe evaluation used a combination of probability and non-probability sampling methods to identify investees and grantees interviewed in the field. The assessment used a random number generator to choose participants among investees and grantees of Funds and Foundations from comprehensive lists validated with the Foundations and Western New Independent States Enterprise Fund (WNISEF). The target population was further broken into strata, and then applied the sampling technique within each stratum to ensure that we had enough participants from each stratum to conclude. The evaluation team used non-probability sampling concerning crucial informants such as Board Members of Funds and Foundations, USG officials, including U.S. Missions in the target countries, Government representatives in host countries, and international donors.\n", + "Key Findings": "• The Support for Eastern European Democracy (SEED) Act of 1989, the Freedom for Russia and Emerging Eurasian Democracies and Open Markets (FREEDOM) Support Act of 1992, and the Grant Agreements between USAID and the Enterprise Funds defined the objectives of the Funds in very broad terms and did not delineate clearly between development and financial objectives. \n• In accordance with their Grant Agreements, Enterprise Funds could provide technical assistance only to the companies in their portfolios or to potential investees. \n• The record is mixed and it provides some insight into additional considerations for decision makers. \n• Enterprise Funds and their Boards resisted USAID oversight in the early days, which they interpreted as interference.\n", + "Key Recommendations": "1. Consider the creation or utilization of existing communication and knowledge management platforms within USG to share knowledge about the experience of Enterprise Funds and Legacy Foundations. \n2. An even more structured alternative to knowledge sharing would be a consolidation of the management of the Enterprise Funds. \n3. Define what a reasonable expectation from the Funds in terms of effecting development impact would be and what appropriate and sufficient reporting metrics would be expected. \n4. Consider setting up a structure such as an Advisory Board of professionals with relevant private equity, venture capital, commercial and investment banking, advisory and legal experience as well as retired USAID personnel.\n5. Consider using legal counsel with experience in private equity and the financial industry when negotiating contracts and compensation plans with Enterprise Funds’ Boards.\n", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00STKC.pdf", + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships", + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth", + "Conflict" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Europe and Eurasia" + ], + "Year": "2017" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "George Gray", + "John Morton", + "Solomon Bogale", + "Eden Mengistu", + "Getachew Gebru", + "Mesfin Zewde", + "Mulugeta Tefera", + "Mestawet Gebru", + "Thomas Birk", + "Bewket Siraw" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Ethiopia" + ], + "Document ID": "1705-Feins-ETH", + "Document Title": "Performance Evaluation of Title II Funded Development Food Assistance Programs in Ethiopia", + "Document Summary": "The Performance Evaluation of Title II Funded Development Food Assistance Programs (DFAPs) in Ethiopia was designed to measure the performance of the four DFAPs, specifically to evaluate the individual effectiveness of each of the four DFAPs in achieving program objectives and targets, including their crosscutting goals, and assess their contribution to USAID’s effort to improve the food security of the target population in the project areas; evaluate changes (results) produced by the programs—intended and unintended, direct, and indirect; and provide specific recommendations on aspects of design, sustainability strategies, and implementation approaches that the FFP and Mission should consider in the design and development of future programs in Ethiopia. \n\nThe evaluation was a qualitative exercise. The methodology was designed to answer the questions in the Scope of Work through interviews and focus group discussions (FGDs) at a scale and resolution that would be both comprehensive and meaningful. The original number of DFAP woredas varied between Implementing Partners (IPs). As in this case, a qualitative evaluation seeks to compare performance between IPs and requires a minimum sample size per IP to generate meaningful results. Accordingly, a minimum number of three woredas was chosen. In the highland areas, the number of kebeles visited was eight in Tigray, four in Amhara, and six in Oromia/ Dire Dawa. \n\nQualitative responses were analyzed by a group discussion process, according to which the entire evaluation team discussed each of the critical questions raised in the original statement of work. Quantitative data were derived by the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) for a limited number of woredas assessed as part of an ongoing PSNP monitoring exercise every two years. These data were used to reinforce observations and conclusions when relevant. Unfortunately, however, it did not include all IPs. The report provides the most evident limitations together with the measures to undertake to reduce their impact. Despite these limitations, the assessment obtained an accurate and sensitive determination of the circumstances and issues in each DFAP.\n", + "Key Findings": "• Design and effectiveness: The effectiveness of the program was constrained by the limited capacity of IPs to influence its two most critical aspects: beneficiary numbers and graduate numbers.\n\n• MCHN/WASH: DFAP messaging has proved effective in changing attitudes.\n\n• Capacity development: Current approaches to capacity development, although much appreciated, are constrained by staff turnover.\n\n• Graduation: For the poorer households, progress towards graduation is slow and not dramatically enhanced by community assets or MCHN/WASH activities.\n\n• Gender equality and empowerment: Progress is inherently gradual; nevertheless, repetition and a diversified “multichannel” approach have proven effective, especially when Health Extension Workers (HEWs) and schools have been involved.\n\n• Program management and sustainability: The capacity of management to coordinate different interventions within a layered approach has definitely enhanced program outcomes.\n", + "Key Recommendations": "1.To achieve program goals and objectives: \nConsider the reinstatement of full family targeting and fortified vegetable oil in the ration, as well as the introduction of variable month transfers (3–6–9), depending upon household needs.\n2. To enhance the graduation process:\nAdvocate for a more comprehensive role for IPs in the graduation process from which they are currently excluded, especially in the application of the GPS and targeting processes. \n3. To strengthen the DFAPs’ contribution to gender equity: \nDFAPs should continue the process of empowerment, reaching out to both men and women through social behavior change communication (SBCC), while strengthening girl’s and women’s education. \n4. To strengthen program management: \nM&E units should reduce the number of output indicators and increase the use of small KPC (Knowledge, Practice, and Coverage) Surveys and other assessments to guide management on a more frequent basis.\n5. To enhance program sustainability: \nIncreased emphasis is required on family planning.\n", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.agri-learning-ethiopia.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/TUFTS_Performance_DFAP_report.pdf", + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth", + "Conflict" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Agriculture and Food Security" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2017" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "HEPS-Uganda" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Uganda" + ], + "Document ID": "1705-HEPS-UGA", + "Document Title": "Report on the Existing Medicine: Price Monitoring Policies", + "Document Summary": "USAID/Uganda Private Health Support Program, in collaboration with Coalition for Health Promotion and Social Development (HEPS-Uganda), is implementing a campaign to increase awareness of essential medicines in the Kamuli, Mukono, and Jinja districts. This campaign seeks to sensitize consumers and private health providers about medicine policies in Uganda, rights related to medicines, medicine prices, and other information necessary to improve the rational use of drugs and increase the affordability of private health services. \n\nAs part of this campaign, HEPS-Uganda has reviewed relevant policies to try to identify the government's and its agencies' position on medicine pricing in the private sector. The review has scanned government policy documents for provisions on ensuring the affordability of essential medicines, including through price regulation. This paper summarizes findings from the policy scan and a few initiatives by different actors to reign in high medicine prices, including HEPS Uganda's engagement with communities, private sector medicine sellers, and other actors. \n\nThe report highlights that the policies and strategies need to elaborate on the framework to regulate prices and specify whose mandate it is to hold the prices of medicines. They have been drawn in a general policy framework of a liberalized, free-market economy. However, when markets fail to produce optimal prices or quantities, the state plays an essential role in clearing market failures, as evidenced by the 1929 and 2008 financial crises. The need to ensure access to affordable medicines is emphasized in many policy documents and these provisions should be leveraged to regulate prices within the context of a liberalized market, borrowing from the recommendations of WHO on policy options for price regulation. Specifically, the development and enforcement of generic policies in public and PNFP sectors; publishing \"indicator\" or \"recommended\" prices and price mark-ups for commonly used EMHS in the mass media; and conducting price surveys and publishing findings as envisaged by the NPSSP should be implemented where other options are explored and tried for multiple approaches.\n", + "Key Findings": "The policies and strategies are not elaborate on the framework to regulate prices and do not specify whose mandate it is to regulate prices of medicines. They have been drawn in a general policy framework of a liberalized, free market economy. However, in principle, where markets fail to result into optimal prices or quantities, the state plays an important role in clearing market failures, as evidenced by the 1929 and 2008 financial crises.", + "Key Recommendations": "1. A national medicine price monitoring system should be instituted throughout the supply chain.\n2. The indicative medicine prices derived from routine surveys should be routinely published and made widely available for the public.\n3. MoH initiative of providing recommended retail prices for medicines should be scaled up to cover a broader range of communicable and non-communicable diseases.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00THG1.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Pharmaceuticals", + "Health Care" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge", + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Health" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Local Business" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2017" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Michael Minkoff", + "Raymond Von Culin", + "Ed Toth", + "Jane Kahata", + "Rob Ng'ethe", + "Dishon Murage", + "Simon Seno" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Kenya" + ], + "Document ID": "1705-Minko-KEN", + "Document Title": "USAID/Kenya Biodiversity and Tropical Forestry (FAA 118/119) Assessment", + "Document Summary": "This biodiversity and tropical forestry assessment (the Assessment) supports the USAID/Kenya Mission in its ongoing implementation of its 2014-2018 Country Development Cooperation Strategy (CDCS), as well as strategic planning and prioritization for the next CDCS (anticipated to begin in/around 2020). The Assessment includes an evaluation of biodiversity and tropical forest management within Kenya and the proposed programmatic scope of responsibility; a review of strategic plan components within the context of environmental threats; and an identification of potential negative impacts of proposed activities on biodiversity and tropical forests. This Assessment also identifies issues and opportunities for adding value to those plan components through environmental considerations and, in doing so, complies with Sections 118 and 119 of the Foreign Assistance Act (FAA) of 1961, as amended, and Agency guidance on country strategy development under ADS 201 and ADS 204.\n\nSpecifically, the Assessment analyzes direct environmental threats and their direct and indirect drivers (i.e., root causes) to identify actions necessary for biodiversity and tropical forestry conservation. These critical actions are discussed in terms of both specific opportunities and strategic recommendations for USAID/Kenya programming, considering its current CDCS, which runs through 2018, and looking ahead to the development of its next CDCS. \n\nThe Assessment was conducted in three partially overlapping phases: desk review of available information on socioeconomic issues, ecology and conservation, environmental management, and USAID programming in Kenya; stakeholder consultations with Washington, D.C., and Kenya-based stakeholders; and geographic information system (GIS) mapping and analysis of Kenya data on biodiversity and tropical forestry. This information was used to refine a pre-trip outline for the report and questions to be asked during field-based consultations, identify critical resources, and clarify gaps in knowledge. Field-based consultations and site visits were undertaken to understand the broader set of threats and underlying direct and indirect drivers affecting biodiversity and tropical forests in Kenya. Following completion of fieldwork, Washington, DC, and additional Kenya-based consultations were conducted, stemming from discussion during the out brief. This Review Draft of the Assessment was finalized based on updated literature, GIS analysis, and stakeholder consultations.\n", + "Key Recommendations": "1. Integrated natural resource planning as core component of devolution support.\n\n2. Ensuring that county-level data management systems and portals integrate biodiversity and conservation within directly managed USAID programming and advocating for such integration in USAID-supported programing\n\n3. Strengthening of data management systems to link to centralized databases and data-sharing platforms\n\n4. Increasing engagement with Community Forest Associations and Beach Management Units in areas of current implementation\n\n5. Explicit integration of agroforestry, sustainable forestry initiatives, and sustainable wetland management within current FTF programming\n\n", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://usaidgems.org/Documents/FAA&Regs/FAA118119/Kenya_2017.pdf", + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships", + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth", + "Conflict" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Environment/Climate Change" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2017" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Hannah Peterson" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "El Salvador" + ], + "Document ID": "1705-Peter-SLV", + "Document Title": "Fiscal Policy and Expenditure Management Program (FPEMP) Final Report", + "Document Summary": "Implemented by DAI, USAID/FPEMP contributed to achieving the objectives of El Salvador's Five-Year Development Plan 2014-2019 and the new Strategic Plan of the Ministry of Finance, namely, to improve the efficiency of public expenditure management, enhance tax administration to mobilize more significant tax revenues, and improve public-private relations and transparency to accelerate economic growth. \n\nThis final report provides the project background, the purpose of the project, a general overview of El Salvador's macro-fiscal trends, and an evaluation of the role of FPEMP's activities in achieving macro-fiscal stability. The report highlights project activities and results that have been performed throughout the six years of project implementation and discusses the sustainability of FPEMP's assistance. It analyzes FPEMP's achievement of international benchmarks set at the beginning of the project. This is followed by a section highlighting the success stories of the project. Finally, the report provides insight into the weaknesses, issues, lessons learned, and recommendations for future work. The information includes annexes –areas of assistance, project results, targets, benchmarks, and a complete list of all capacity-building activities and furnishings completed throughout the project. \n\nOver the project's life, FPEMP has implemented many successful activities that have allowed the project to achieve its anticipated results. However, a few initiatives have surpassed expectations and illustrate the importance and effectiveness of FPEMP's activities to ensure fiscal sustainability in El Salvador. Despite the achievements and results, various issues and weaknesses challenged the project activities' progress. Throughout the six years of implementing the project, FPEMP encountered several challenges that threatened the completion of critical activities. In hindsight, they report some essential lessons that would have helped avoid these challenges from arising. As highlighted in the news, FPEMP performed necessary actions and achieved unprecedented results that were crucial for reforming the fiscal system of El Salvador. However, despite the country's improvements over the past ten years, El Salvador remains in a budgetary deficit and has yet to achieve economic stability. Therefore, based on the experience gained from FPEMP and the predecessor project, TPAR, it is highly recommended that future USAID assistance consider the recommendations provided in this report.\n", + "Key Findings": "Through strong leadership, technical expertise, technological prowess and a robust partnership with the donor community and the Ministry of Finance, FPEMP was able to achieve unprecedented results in both the region and globally. Most notably, this project made technological advances in modernizing public expenditure management through sophisticated software development and design as seen through the SAFI II and COMPRASAL II systems; it has moved El Salvador closer to achieving IPSAS, the internationally recognized public accounting standards; and it has made a valiant effort to support the GOES achieve a fiscal sustainability agreement under a serious threat of a government default.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00N32R.pdf", + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Youth" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Democracy, Human Rights, & Governance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Latin America and the Carribean" + ], + "Year": "2017" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Research, Consultancy and Training International (RCTI)" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Uganda" + ], + "Document ID": "1705-RCTI-UGA", + "Document Title": "Faithbased Medical Bureaus and Health Facilities: A Comprehensive Health Systems Needs Assessment Report", + "Document Summary": "USAID/Uganda Private Health Support Program is USAID’s flagship project for the private sector in Uganda, implemented by Cardno Emerging Markets USA Ltd. The program aims to contribute towards viable, cost-effective health services by strengthening the private providers’ ability to contribute to the achievement of Uganda’s health goals. Since 2014, the program has provided managerial and technical oversight support to 17 faith-based health facilities under the leadership of the Inter-Religious Council of Uganda. In a bid to strengthen health systems for improved service delivery through evidence-based programs, USAID/Private Health Support Contracted Research Consultancy and Training International (RCTI) to conduct a comprehensive health system strengthening needs assessment for 134 faith-based medical facilities and four respective Medical Bureaus in vital critical areas including human resource for health, health financing, coordination, health governance and the quality of services.\n\nThis synthesis report details the results of a comprehensive needs assessment for 134 faith-based medical facilities and the four medical bureaus in the areas of human resources for health, health financing, coordination, health governance, and the quality of services. Separate reports have been prepared for the different health facilities and the four bureaus. The bureaus assessed include Uganda Catholic Medical Bureau, the Uganda Protestant Medical Bureau, the Uganda Orthodox Medical Bureau, and the Uganda Moslem Medical Bureau. \n\nThe assessment adopted an approach that allowed for the collection and triangulation of data and sources, ensuring data quality and integrity. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected using a structured questionnaire, an observation checklist, and an interview guide. The tools were developed to guide the collection of data on the status of selected PNFP health facilities in the critical areas of human resources for health, health governance, health financing, and quality of health services, infrastructure, and coordination. Observation checklists guided the assessment teams on critical areas of interest, including equipment, documents, physical structures, and compliance with standard procedures like triage and waste segregation. This assessment was conducted in phases: preparation, fieldwork, data analysis, report writing, and evaluation results validation.\n", + "Key Findings": "• As regards the organization of the bureaus, we find a rather complex and sometimes a bureaucratic governance structure.\n\n• We found that the governance and the top management positions were filled with professionals with technical expertise and relevant experience for health service delivery.\n\n• As regards the human resources within the bureaus, there are resident technical competencies especially at the management level to deliver on their mandate.\n\n• From the funding perspective, generally the funding for the operations of the bureaus is from external sources, with a minimum percentage coming from sub subscription fees, government subsidy (PHC fund) and income generating activities.\n\n• In terms of the quality of health services, the bureaus are in a continuous process of accreditation of the health facilities.\n", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00THHD.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Business Services" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Cardno Emerging Markets USA, Ltd." + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Health" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "American Business", + "Multi-national Business", + "For-profit approach that generates sustainable income", + "Formal Sector" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2017" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Maria Jose Romero" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global", + "Regional", + "Lesotho" + ], + "Document ID": "1705-Romer-GLO-pr", + "Document Title": "Development Finance Takes ‘Private Turn’: Implications and Challenges Ahead", + "Document Summary": "In recent years, policy debates on development finance have been dominated by how to ‘leverage’ international private capital flows for development projects. The outcome of the Third International Conference on Financing for Development, held in Addis Ababa in July 2015, included an unchecked promotion of private finance through blended finance and public-private partnerships, even though these mechanisms do not have an excellent track record. Authored by Marı ́a Jose ́ Romero, this article provides an overview of Development Finance Takes ‘Private Turn’: Implications and Challenges Ahead. The article is divided into three sections. The first section presents the limitations of international private finance and evaluates its risks and rewards. It emphasizes the need to focus on quality rather than the number of private investments. The second section critically analyzes two financing tools currently being promoted: blended finance mechanisms and PPPs. The third section raises some key issues in the future that are relevant for all stakeholders interested in this topic. ", + "Key Findings": "In recent years, policy debates on development finance have been dominated by how to ‘leverage’ international private capital flows for development projects. The outcome of the Third International Conference on Financing for Development, held in Addis Ababa in July 2015, also included an unchecked promotion of private finance through blended finance and public–private partnerships, even though these mechanisms do not have a great track record.", + "Key Recommendations": "First, the use of public finance to subsidize, guarantee or leverage private finance should be carefully evaluated: a review led by developing country stakeholders, under the auspices of the UN, could be a good start.\n\nSecond, the international community has to tackle the perverse incentives in favour of PPPs.\n\nThird, there is a need for a standard-setting process for PPPs to take place in an inclusive and transparent way.", + "Internet URL of Document": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/s41301-017-0074-0", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Financial Services", + "Health Care", + "Engineering & Construction", + "Mining & Extractives" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Ability to Influence Policy", + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Risk-Mitigation and Flexible Authorities" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Society for International Development" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "Peer-reviewed article or other research report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Micro, Small, or Medium Enterprise", + "Financial Institution, Investors, and Intermediaries", + "Informal Sector", + "Formal Sector", + "For-profit Commercial Entity", + "Multi-national Business" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Global", + "Europe and Eurasia", + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2017" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Mali" + ], + "Document ID": "1705-USAID-MLI", + "Document Title": "USAID Mali Accelerated Economic Growth Program Overview ", + "Document Summary": "This summary report includes two Presidential Initiatives - Feed the Future and Global Climate Change. The team also serves as the technical resource for Agency priorities, including Digital Financial Services, the Development Credit Authority, and Public-Private Partnerships. According to the report, Feed the Future (FTF) is focused on reducing poverty and malnutrition by 20 percent globally. USAID Mali’s five-year Feed the Future Program, with a 2016 budget of $22.5 million, launched a new generation of rural entrepreneurs by developing sustainable agricultural and health systems, delivering technology and knowledge, and building local institutional capacity to energize the Government of Mali and spur a vibrant private sector. The initiative targets investments in two value chains: 1) cereals, defined as millet, rice, and sorghum, and 2) livestock, focused on cattle and small ruminants. The Presidential Global Climate Change (GCC) Initiative promotes adaptation and resilience by working to provide accurate and reliable climate and weather information to Malians, building on already-strong Malian government programs, including the Malian Meteorological Agency’s (Mali Météo) agro-meteorological information program. USAID’s private sector engagement program includes increasing access to credit for smallholders and women, which encourages large-scale investment in significant enterprises.\n", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://2017-2020.usaid.gov/sites/default/files/documents/1860/USAID_AEG_-_Program_Overview_Final_19.pdf", + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships", + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2017" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Martijn Goddeeris", + "Gregg McDonald" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Somalia" + ], + "Document ID": "1706-Godde-SOM-pr", + "Document Title": "Choice in shelter solutions in Somalia", + "Document Summary": "Authored by Martijn Goddeeris and Gregg McDonald, the short paper on choice in shelter solutions in Somalia described the complex, interlinked, and multi-dimensional humanitarian challenges in Somalia that require equally complex responses to be able to bolster the resilience of Somali people. The paper highlights that the Somalia Shelter Cluster (SSC) and its partners have historically provided emergency assistance to newly displaced people; however, since the beginning of 2013, the overall security situation has progressively improved, allowing the SSC members to place more emphasis on more durable and sustainable shelter solutions for persons who have been displaced for protracted periods. The SSC identified land tenure, urban planning, livelihood development, private sector engagement, and sustainable solutions as the key elements to consider. \n", + "Key Findings": "Giving future residents of shelters a choice in the style of building and getting them involved in the construction is empowering and builds capacity.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.fmreview.org/shelter/goddeeris-mcdonald", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Engineering & Construction" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Forced Migration Review" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Conflict" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Humanitarian Assistance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Peer-reviewed article or other research report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Local Business", + "For-profit Commercial Entity", + "For-profit approach that generates sustainable income" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2017" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Social Impact" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Liberia" + ], + "Document ID": "1706-Socia-LBR", + "Document Title": "Excellence in Higher Education for Liberian Development (EHELD) Final Performance Evaluation: Final Report", + "Document Summary": "EHELD is a $22.6 million project aiming to establish regionally recognized and competitive academic Centers of Excellence (CoEs) at the University of Liberia (UL) and Cuttington University (CU), to produce top-performing young Liberian graduates in two key sectors: engineering and agriculture, respectively. EHELD also promoted a pipeline of secondary school students to attract and prepare equal numbers of promising young Liberian women and men for these fields of study and sought to network with the private sector and Government of Liberia (GoL) partners to facilitate financial and experiential opportunities. This evaluation aims to provide an independent and in-depth examination of the efficacy of the Excellence in Higher Education for Liberian Development (EHELD) activity. The performance evaluation identified the project’s significant accomplishments, limitations, and potential solutions, and constraints that affected activity implementation and effectiveness. This evaluation report discusses results and lessons learned from implementation and provides recommendations for university partners and USAID going forward.\n\nThe methodology for this performance evaluation focused firmly on qualitative data gathered through semi-structured key informant interviews (KIIs) with 64 individuals. Respondents were identified through a process of purposive sampling, concentrating on university administration and faculty (24 KIIs), contract faculty (CF) from consortium universities (10 KIIs), and student beneficiaries (13 KIIs). In addition, focus group discussions (FGDs) were facilitated with 56 university students and alumni. Focus groups included female-only, male-only, mixed-gender groups, and scholarship and non-scholarship beneficiaries. Each group numbered 8-10 respondents and engaged participants through the interactive methodology to encourage active participation. Some quantitative data, largely output-level indicator data, was used to complement and provide a sense of scope for the qualitative inputs. \n\nThe methodology sought to incorporate gender-sensitive and social-sensitive perspectives by organizing gender-segregated focus groups and exploring social stratification between scholarship and non-scholarship students. While this strategy may not have eliminated all potential gender and social-based biases, the evaluation seeks to mitigate them to the most significant degree possible. Other potential limitations, including biased or skewed qualitative data or inaccurate quantitative data, were recognized but not thought to be a determining factor in the quality of information presented since the team worked to triangulate data among stakeholders to the most significant degree possible.\n", + "Key Findings": "EHELD was successful in establishing CoEs at both universities, including: updating curricula and developing specialized fields of study, upgrading laboratory equipment and resource rooms, providing scholarships to nearly 300 students and 22 faculty members to acquire degrees in target fields, and facilitating 29 CF to teach at the two colleges to enhance quality through provision of new classes and capacity building support for local faculty (LF). \nOne of the primary challenges of EHELD was the complex relationship between the implementing partner (IP) and the other various stakeholders, including the two beneficiary universities, as well as the three US-based universities involved as consortium partners.EHELD’s consortium members worked in close collaboration with all stakeholders to offer an updated, comprehensive, and specialized learning experience for students, including the development of three professional specializations at the Center for Agriculture and Sustainable Development (CASD) and integrating active learning approaches.\n", + "Key Recommendations": "The CoEs are strong assets that should be supported to transition to locally-owned entities, as they work to implement sustainability strategies to maintain their status as premier educational institutions in their select fields. Continue to explore innovative strategies to make school fees affordable for students, and other funding sources to reduce dependency on school fees (FFS, research grants, etc.). Train students and faculty to perform routine maintenance on equipment, where appropriate, to reduce maintenance costs. Explore strategies to increase awareness and utilization of valuable CoE resources, such as lab equipment, among relevant partners. Expand the role of the internship coordinator to network with the PS, so that the university can start facilitating support for graduates to find jobs.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.edu-links.org/sites/default/files/media/file/EHELD%20Performance%20Evaluation.pdf", + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Reputation and Credible Convening Power" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Conflict" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Education and Social Services" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Local Business" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2017" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "1706-USAID-GLO", + "Document Title": "USAID Partners: Private Sector Engagement", + "Document Summary": "This summary report provides the details of USAID's partnership with the Private Sector to end extreme poverty and promote resilient, democratic societies while advancing security and prosperity. The USAID recognizes the long history of working with the private sector on a broad range of issues where core business interests and objectives align with USAID's development priorities. \n\nThe Agency partners with the private sector to catalyze investment in renewable resources and leverage the business community's unique skills, perspectives, and capabilities. The Agency is working to increase energy access for hundreds of millions worldwide. For instance, Power Africa, a U.S. Government-led initiative, has created a network of over 140 public and private sector partners and 12 U.S. Government agencies committed to investing in Africa's future and developing power solutions to meet its vast energy needs. With a focus on strengthening the investment climate across sub-Saharan Africa and increasing the capacity of African governments and utilities to develop and manage their domestic energy sectors, Power Africa is helping to enable and catalyze the investments of private companies across the continent. Similarly, USAID is committed to ending preventable maternal and child deaths, creating an AIDS-free generation, and protecting communities from infectious diseases. USAID works with the private sector to strengthen local health systems, increase access to health services and information, and develop life-saving interventions. In Nepal, USAID works with local pharmaceutical manufacturers to create a simple, life-saving intervention: chlorhexidine antiseptic gel. \n\nTo promote democratic governance and human rights, USAID helps facilitate increased collaboration and trust between government, business, and civil society to better protect citizens' fundamental rights and foster greater accountability. In El Salvador, USAID supports activities that provide educational and economic opportunities for vulnerable youth. Through its Feed the Future Partnering for Innovation (FTF-P4I) program, USAID is partnering with Tolaro Global, a recognized leader among primary processors of raw cashew nuts in West Africa, to establish the first cashew roasting and packaging facility in Benin. USAID promotes fair and open markets, increases access to finance, creates jobs, and helps to spur economic growth in the U.S. and abroad. USAID is working with the Government of Colombia, the private sector, and community groups to promote economic and social development efforts that improve the livelihoods of victims of violence and vulnerable groups, including the 7.8 million people that have been displaced from their communities and land.\n", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://2017-2020.usaid.gov/sites/default/files/documents/15396/USAIDPartners_PrivateSectorEngagement.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Financial Services", + "Engineering & Construction", + "Pharmaceuticals", + "Technology", + "Processing & Manufacturing" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Blackstone", + "Dangote Group", + "CrossBoundary Energy", + "Lomus Pharmaceuticals", + "SR Pharmaceuticals", + "Microsoft", + "Tolaro GLobal", + "Bancamía" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities", + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships", + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;", + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth", + "Conflict" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Economic Growth", + "Health", + "Democracy, Human Rights, & Governance", + "Agriculture and Food Security", + "Environment/Climate Change" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "American Business", + "Formal Sector", + "Financial Institution, Investors, and Intermediaries", + "Local Business", + "Micro, Small, or Medium Enterprise", + "Large Enterprise", + "For-profit approach that generates sustainable income", + "Multi-national Business", + "Regional Business" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2017" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Marija Babovic", + "James Alan Newkirk", + "Dejana Razic Ilic", + "Anamaria Golemac-Powell", + "Dzenita Hrelja Hasecic", + "Danilo Vukovic" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Serbia" + ], + "Document ID": "1707-Babov-SRB", + "Document Title": "The Role of Community Development and Citizen Engagement Activities in Strengthening Civic Engagement and Government Responsiveness in Serbia", + "Document Summary": "USAID/Serbia initiated this assignment to address the role of community development and citizen engagement activities in strengthening civic engagement and government responsiveness in Serbia, as defined in a Statement of Work issued in late 2016. The report focuses on identifying approaches that had positive, sustainable effects on civic participation and the strategies that did not work well. It also investigates the approaches that have had positive, sustainable effects on government responsiveness as well as the approaches that could not produce the result as it was expected. The evaluation encompassed three USAID-funded programs (CRDA, SLGRP, and CSAI) implemented in Serbia from 2001-2011. Each of these programs focused on responsive government and civic participation; although CRDA and SLGRP were coordinated, CSAI was a standalone initiative.\n\nMethodologically, the evaluation consists of three main components: \n1) Initial research on the programming approaches – a desk review of more than 100 programming documents and other relevant reports and studies; interviews with key informants; reconstruction of the general Theory of Change for the three programs; development of research questions and hypotheses. \n2) Mapping sustainable effects of the programs on government responsiveness and citizen participation – identification of practices and mechanisms of citizen participation and government responsiveness that have been sustained over time, based on interviews with key informants, a phone survey with municipalities, a phone survey with grassroots initiatives/ CSAI grantees and an online survey with CSOs/ CSAI grantees.\n3) A more detailed analysis of selected areas of interest based on semi-structured interviews with key informants, group interviews, and focused group discussions in local communities. Based on the findings, four- areas of interest were selected for in-depth analysis and two for illustrations of certain aspects of interventions. The selection was made with collaboration between the evaluation team and the USAID team, including support from a methodologist from the USAID Office in Washington, DC. This in-depth analysis forms the basis of this report.\n\nMethodological limitations were mainly grounded in the time distance from the implementation of the programs. Some participants in the performance of the three programs could only remember some aspects of the programs. \n", + "Key Findings": "• Sustainability of democratic processes requires systemic changes and interventions that address all components, elements and stakeholders in the policy cycle.\n\n• Sustainability of change requires systematic oversight of policy and budget making processes, to avoid pro forma processes.\n\n• Citizen participation depends primarily on the awareness and commitment of local politicians to engaging citizens and capacities and the enthusiasm of community leaders.\n\n• A tailor-made, well-designed and expertly implemented local grant scheme can assist the translation of project ideas that tackle specific local concerns or problems into sustainable interventions that have an impact on people’s lives.\n\n• Support provided for strengthening organizational capacities and improving policy-focused advocacy strategy can result in legislative changes in specific issue areas, as has been the case in regulating protection from and prevention of domestic violence and introducing needed services.\n\n• CSO sustainability and the sustainability of their initiatives show creative ways that local organizations have persevered from social enterprise creation to technical assistance provision.", + "Key Recommendations": "1. Any future program aimed at strengthening democratic processes should target, at the same time, the government, private and civil sectors, in a well-coordinated manner, as well as during all phases and with all stakeholders of the policy cycle.\n\n2. Any future programming should emphasize this role while having realistic expectations of capacities and political context possibilities amongst CSOs and citizens.\n\n3. A key focus of future efforts should be raising the awareness of and building the capacities of Mayors, their teams and members of local councils to embrace and support participatory processes and understand the benefits it brings - on strengthening the knowledge and skills of current leadership.\n\n4. Future efforts should be modeled on the best practices of a local grant scheme that has flexibility and close collaboration with the communities.\n\n5. Any future efforts should consider the extent to which legislative changes are of interest to all sides and can be prioritized in specific issue areas.\n\n6. Any future effort should keep in mind the variety of forms sustainability can take, and support innovative approaches to fostering both organizational and issue sustainability.\n", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/pa00mzfx.pdf", + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments", + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth", + "Conflict" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Democracy, Human Rights, & Governance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Local Business", + "Micro, Small, or Medium Enterprise" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Europe and Eurasia" + ], + "Year": "2017" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Bram E.C. Schreuder", + "Raymond P. Briscoe", + "M. Hamed Shams", + "A. Qader Fakhri", + "Chris J.M. Bartels" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Afghanistan" + ], + "Document ID": "1707-BARTE-AFG", + "Document Title": "Livestock mortality and offtake in sheep and goat flocks of livestock owners making use of services offered by paravets in West Afghanistan", + "Document Summary": "The study quantified the effect of livestock services provided through paravets (intermediate-level training in veterinary medicine) on mortality and offtake of small ruminants in Western Afghanistan for the years 2010, 2011 and 2013. [The authors] compared mortality in adult and in young stock, and offtake of young stock of 120 livestock owners that made use of the paravet services (Users) with 120 livestock owners who did not make use of these services (Non-users). Security issues in the districts under study influenced the choice of villages. Within villages, livestock owners were purposively selected based on their known use of the services, including the provision of biologicals such as anthelmintics and vaccines. In addition, [the authors] subdivided both categories into 'partial' and 'full' based on the intensity of use of biologicals. Paravets were not only trained on preventive and curative veterinary medicine, they were also trained in extension and trained on adhering to a cold-chain and applying quality biologicals. For Non-users there was the possibility to buy biologicals through a local market or bazaar. In Afghanistan, local markets have an extensive supply of vaccines, anthelmintics, and medicines from a variety of sources, often not handled appropriately and therefore of varying quality. The results indicated that livestock owners making partial or full use of the paravet services had statistically significant better animal health and production results", + "Key Findings": "The current study focused on animal health and production parameters that can be considered robust as livestock owners in general remember deaths and sales well. It clearly demonstrated that the combined animal health and extension services as provided by paravets, substantially reduced mortality in adult and young stock, while enhancing the off-farm sales.\nIn the study area, the North-western region of Afghanistan, over 95% of the veterinary field personnel were paravets providing private veterinary and extension services. The remainder consisted of higher qualified veterinary staff. The results of the present study are supportive for the choices made in the early stages of the program as to focus on intermediate level of veterinary auxiliary personnel (para-professionals) with additional skills like extension activities trained for over time.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28992931/", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, and Hunting" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Elsevier" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Humanitarian Assistance", + "Agriculture and Food Security" + ], + "Type of Document": "Peer-reviewed article or other research report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Formal Sector" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Afghanistan and Pakistan" + ], + "Year": "2017" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Jenny Coneff", + "Marie Boulinaud" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "South Sudan", + "Canada", + "Guatemala", + "Congo (Kinshasa)", + "Nepal", + "Burma" + ], + "Document ID": "1707-BOULI-MLT", + "Document Title": "Cash or In-kind Why Not Both? Response Analysis Lessons from Multimodal Programming ", + "Document Summary": "Humanitarians maintain “do no harm” as a fundamental operating principle. However, CaLP North America’s 2016 needs assessment found that the level of rigor and documentation applied in identifying and evaluating evidence about the effectiveness, appropriateness, efficiency, feasibility, and risk of different response options to decide on the “best fit” for a given humanitarian problem and context varies greatly between organizations. This process, known as “response [options] analysis,” justifies response decisions and demonstrates due diligence efforts to do no harm. As such, it is increasingly required for proposals to donors, including the recently released USAID Office of Food for Peace’s Emergency Food Security Program 2017 Annual Program Statement.\n\nThis research reviews lessons learned about response analysis from multimodal responses, that is, responses in which practitioners determined that more than one response modality between cash, vouchers, and in-kind, was a “best fit” or in which the conclusions about “best fit” changed over the course of the project.1 The research hypothesizes that comparing the reasons for choosing different types of response within the same project and among the same beneficiaries should provide concrete examples of the relative importance of different criteria in response and, by extension, the conditions under which cash or vouchers or in-kind assistance may be most appropriate.\n\nThis work does not aim to inform technical or operational considerations of how to do cash transfers or multimodal programming. Rather, this work is intended to help analysts, advisors, and decision-makers develop and articulate the nexus between emergency context and response through concrete examples of response analysis, both at project design and throughout a response.\n\nThe cases analyzed in this study span the globe and include low-, middle-, and high-income countries. The crises include sudden-onset and slow-onset natural disasters, as well as sudden-onset and protracted conflict.\n", + "Key Findings": "General conclusions drawn from multiple cases include:\n\n1. An analysis of multimodal programming expects that there may often be multiple “right” responses in a given context. It is because the various goods and services needed may involve different supply chains with different regulatory environments (imported commodities, locally produced commodities, telecoms, banks, etc.), shock affectedness, and cultural contexts (including willingness to pay) that different modalities may be appropriate.\n\n2. Despite these differences, the general information categories needed for response analysis are quite similar across sectors suggesting that a harmonized approach to response analysis would be appropriate.\n \n3. Interestingly, the case studies did not demonstrate financial cost savings as a major decision-making factor for choosing between cash, vouchers, or in-kind assistance. Rather than cost, the most influential arguments in deciding a given modality mix included: time to delivery, organizational capacity (human resource availability or experience), market supply response capacity (trader capacity), security, and beneficiary preference.\n\n4. Respondents felt the human-resource cost of preparing or maintaining multiple pipelines for more or less simultaneous delivery was high, suggesting that it may not be reasonable to assume efficiencies through simultaneous distribution of these multiple types of goods and services, particularly at the beginning of a project or in a true emergency context (Nepal, Guatemala). On the other hand, switching modalities once multiple pipelines and products are established is relatively straightforward (Canada, South Sudan, Myanmar, DRC).\n\n5. Careful assessment and validation; slow, progressive change; and well-communicated contingency planning contribute to trust and change acceptance. Engaging stakeholders in rigorous situation and response analysis contributes to acceptance and trust and is particularly important in volatile and sensitive contexts.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://reliefweb.int/report/world/cash-or-kind-why-not-both-response-analysis-lessons-multimodal-programming", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Financial Services" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "TANGO International" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments", + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Catholic Relief Services", + "Samaritan's Purse", + "Cash Learning Partnership (CaLP)", + "Tops Small Grant", + "USAID" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Humanitarian Assistance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Micro, Small, or Medium Enterprise", + "Formal Sector" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2017" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Mary Pat Selvaggio", + "Edna Berhane", + "Puveshni Crozier", + "Stephen van Houten", + "Tabitha Kibuka" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "South Africa" + ], + "Document ID": "1707-Selva-ZAF", + "Document Title": "External Evaluation of the USAID/South Africa “Systems Strengthening for Better HIV/TB Outcomes” Project (2012-2017)", + "Document Summary": "USAID/South Africa finances the “Systems Strengthening for Better HIV/TB Outcomes” project through 7 District Support Partners (DSPs) working in 8 provinces, and 21 districts of South Africa support the Government of South Africa (GOSA) in improving patient outcomes: planning, management of facilities, commodities/ supplies, and data. In defining core standards and state-of-the-art practices and in ensuring their application. Each DSP implements a comprehensive model of support at the district level to strengthen Government systems for improving HIV/TB patient outcomes and preventing HIV/TB. This external evaluation report of the “Systems Strengthening for Better HIV/TB Outcomes” project to (i) assess the progress that the project has made towards achieving set goals and objectives, (ii) assess the quality of the District Support Partners’ (DSPs) project implementation and (iii) determine which approaches and activities are working (and why). The evaluation is intended to inform USAID’s future strategic directions of its HIV Care and Treatment investments in South Africa, particularly for achieving maximum impact under the 90-90-90 goals.\n\nThe assessment used a non-experimental evaluation design that excluded a comparison group but allowed for measuring project trends and achievements. In addition to answering the evaluation questions and their sub-questions, the report quantifies the HSS/CB activities and programmatic focus undertaken by the District Support Partners since FY2014. Given the difficulty in establishing consistent units of measure across the different DSP programs and HSS/CB activities, the evaluation team decided to use two proxy measures for quantifying HSS/CB – the amount of money and human resources (in full-time equivalent or FTE) dedicated to Health System Strengthening/Capacity Building (HSS/CB) activities. The evaluation employed Data Mining and Key Informants Interviews (KIIS) data collection approaches to answer the evaluation questions. \n\nTight timelines for the evaluation limited the data collection calendar, limiting the assessor’s access to National Department of Health respondents, who often need several weeks’ advance notice for meetings. Moreover, many DSPs could not provide values for certain President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) indicators listed in our SOW because they said they were not required to report on these to PEPFAR and thus had no data. The accuracy of the performance indicator data received from the DSPs could not be verified.", + "Key Findings": "The recent accelerated pace of the HIV/TB program as a result of South Africa’s adoption of the 90-90-90 goals and UTT requires a commensurate increase in capacity within the health system. USAID’s focus on Health Systems Strengthening/Capacity Building (HSS/CB) has been a relatively sound strategy for improving and expanding HIV/AIDS services in South Africa. DSPs have positively contributed to strengthening the six health system building blocks in their respective districts, but most especially the 3 building blocks of service delivery, health workforce, and information management.", + "Key Recommendations": "1. Engage in a transparent and open dialogue with Provincial DOHs about USAID’s mandate to, and expectations of, the partners it finances in the province.\n2. Support DOH in improving overall HR Performance Management\n3. Align PEPFAR and DOH planning/implementation processes and MER indicators/processes.\n4. Continue to support M&E to address critical capacity gaps and data backlogs.\n5. Identify key HSS/CB indicators to be reported on by DSPs when technical assistance/capacity building is the main focus of the project.\n6. Review the performance of districts that have “graduated” from DSP support to identify lessons learned and success/sustainability factors.\n", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00SVTK.pdf", + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge", + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;", + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Health" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2017" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "The Mitchell Group" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Nepal" + ], + "Document ID": "1707-TMG-NPL", + "Document Title": "Summative Performance Evaluation of USAID/OFDA's Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) Programming in Nepal", + "Document Summary": "This report is a summative performance evaluation of disaster risk reduction (DRR) programming in Nepal funded by USAID's Office of U.S. Foreign Disaster Assistance (OFDA) between 2009 and 2016. It is focused on the performance of two programs: The Program for Enhancement of Emergency Response (PEER), Stages 3 and 4, and the Building Code Implementation Program in Municipalities of Nepal (BCIPN). The evaluation aims to improve OFDA's understanding of the performance of its DRR activities in Nepal. The assessment has utilized the Gorkha Earthquake of 2015 and its powerful aftershocks to assess the degree to which those activities successfully achieved their desired outcomes.\n\nThe evaluation utilized a mixed-methods design that included written re-tests of hundreds of training participants on the skills they learned through OFDA-funded DRR capacity-building activities, utilizing the same tests administered immediately after training. Statistical tests were then used to determine the degree to which the skills they had acquired were retained over time. This was supplemented by structured interviews of the training participants that consisted of multiple-choice and open-ended questions, focus group discussions (FGDs), and key informant interviews (KIIs). The methodology also included a comparison of evidence obtained through site visits to OFDA-targeted and non-OFDA-targeted municipalities to see whether building code compliance appeared to be better in the former. \n\nPre- and post-tests were not administered by the implementing partners to all categories of training participants, and in these cases, the evaluation had to rely only on qualitative evidence. Another area for improvement was that the PEER program trainees couldn't observe practical application skills. This was ameliorated by asking participants to self-rank their practical skills retention. The lack of information on trainees' two levels removed from OFDA's Implementing Partner (IP)' meant it was impossible to assess these trainees' acquisition or retention of skills. And the fact that several other donor entities had been working throughout Nepal to improve municipal adherence to the National Building Code (NBC) made it challenging to document differences between OFDA-targeted and non-OFDA-targeted municipalities on this measure.\n", + "Key Findings": "A. Direct re-tests of hundreds of MFR, CSSR and HOPE professionals in Nepal tended to confirm that the skills they acquired from OFDA-funded training to help them respond to disasters were retained.\n\nB. Direct re-tests of hundreds of masons and engineers tended to confirm that the skills they acquired from OFDA-funded training have increased their knowledge of earthquake-resistant building\ntechniques adhering to the NBC.", + "Key Recommendations": "OFDA-wide: the Office might consider requiring delivery of Implementation Plans that articulate clear theories of change; performance indicators and targets for achievement of program objectives; and exit strategies for eventual program closure with sustainable impact.\n\nPEER Program: OFDA should continue to progressively hand off MFR, CSSR and HOPE capacity building activities in disaster risk reduction to GON entities in accordance with an established exit strategy.\n\nBCIPN Program: OFDA should adhere to a role of piloting, standardizing and then progressively devolving training programs for masons, engineers and municipal staff in building code compliance to Nepalese agencies and development institutions.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00MXV7.pdf", + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Humanitarian Assistance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Asia" + ], + "Year": "2017" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Luis Bernal", + "Amy Angel", + "Rafael Cornejo", + "Fernando Hernandez", + "Joke Vuurmans" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "El Salvador", + "Guatemala", + "Honduras", + "Costa Rica", + "Nicaragua" + ], + "Document ID": "1708-Berna-MLT", + "Document Title": "Final Performance Evaluation: Regional Integrated Trade and Food Security Strategy 2011-2017", + "Document Summary": "The primary purpose of this final performance evaluation was to assess if the design and implementation of the four activities under the Strategy were effective in achieving the Strategy's expected results and to inform on future programming in trade and food security based on that assessment.\n\nThe evaluation adopted a non-experimental design. It focused not only on the Strategy's performance per se, but also on its activities' performance and whether the Strategy and its activities have made any impact resulting from a before-after comparison. As a performance evaluation, it was designed to analyze the Strategy to identify results and accomplishments, recognize performance issues and constraints in its implementation, and determine how it is perceived and valued. The evaluation was conducted in four successive stages:\n1. Review and analyze secondary and activity-related information, including identifying stakeholders and sampling them for fieldwork.\n2. Direct information data capture.\n3. Data analysis.\n4. Evaluation Reporting.\n\nThe assessment was based on evaluation questions and criteria and included extensive document reviews, key informant interviews, site visits, and an online survey. Its fieldwork included interviews in El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Costa Rica, and the U.S. The evaluation is focused on El Salvador, Guatemala, and Honduras, so the findings may not be as comprehensive as expected. The assessment addressed this potential issue by including stakeholders in regional institutions and involving USAID/CAM and Washington DC-based USAID and U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) staff. Due to staff changes at USAID offices and among Strategy implementing partners (IPs), the evaluation encountered reduced availability of some preliminary information. Significant delays or refusal to provide critical documentation regarding RTMA and lack of M&E data of the IFC activity limited the ability to reach conclusions about the effectiveness and efficiency of this activity. A lack of mid-term evaluations for the activities and the Strategy, and generally weak M&E systems in activities, as well as the absence of one for the Strategy, created difficulties in obtaining information on the progress of activities ́ outputs, and outcomes and whether corrective actions had been taken if targets were not being met.\n", + "Key Findings": "• Strengthening of national governments’ and regional entities’ capacity for analysis and policy formulation related to trade facilitation and food security was one of the major accomplishments of the activities, mostly through training and technical assistance.\n• RTMA’s grants program contributed to producer organizations capacity building in the administrative, accounting, and financial areas, as well as their decision-making capacities.\n• RTMA’s contribution to changes in income consumption patterns and living standards of small farmers were not found.\n• There were no significant instances of collaboration among the four Strategy activities, nor they were mandated by it, or otherwise monitored or evaluated.\n• Activities did contribute to the dissemination and use of science, technology and innovation for agricultural practices among small farmers, mostly through training and technical assistance.", + "Key Recommendations": "Although this is not an evaluation of the management performance of USAID/CAM, based on all the findings related to the effectiveness of the Strategy and each one of its activities, mentioned in Section 4.2 it is recommendable to emphasize that implementation of activities be more than managing a contract or an award with an IP. It should include an active process of defining realistic expected results, monitoring progress toward the achievement of expected results, learning and integrating lessons learned into management decisions, and reporting on performance. To reinforce a culture of results-based management, a set of practices are recommended: 1) holding managers accountable; 2) empowering managers; 3) focusing on bringing about change in the lives of activity beneficiaries; 4) regularly checking the effectiveness of policies and procedures; 5) establishing a culture of learning; 6) building internal capacities; and 7) sharing and communicating results.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00N6TH.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, and Hunting", + "Retail", + "Fast Moving Consumer Goods", + "Food & Beverage" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Mondelez", + "Unilever", + "Dinart", + "Walmart" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships", + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Agriculture and Food Security" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Regional Business", + "Local Business", + "Micro, Small, or Medium Enterprise", + "Large Enterprise", + "Multi-national Business", + "Formal Sector", + "For-profit approach that generates sustainable income", + "American Business" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Latin America and the Carribean" + ], + "Year": "2017" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Robert Hagan" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Afghanistan" + ], + "Document ID": "1708-Hagan-AFG", + "Document Title": "Final Performance Evaluation of Mining Investment and Development for Afghan Sustainability 2012-2017", + "Document Summary": "This evaluation aims to identify lessons learned in the extractives sector to influence future management decision-making. This evaluation addresses how the lack of a consistent strategy on the part of the Government of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan (GIRoA), especially within the Ministry of Mines and Petroleum (MoMP), affected the Mining Investment and Development for Afghan Sustainability (MIDAS) program and its intended results. An equal effort is directed towards identifying MIDAS' shortcomings in its planned and implemented support to help the MoMP establish a framework and management system for the extractives sector that attracts investors and yields appropriate returns to the GIRoA. The focus includes observed achievements and weaknesses related to the MIDAS project's engagement with the MoMP and whether intended outcomes were achieved.\n\nThe study employed a mixed methods approach using rapid appraisal techniques such as document review, semi-structured key informant interviews (KIIs), focus group discussions (FGDs), and informal direct observation to obtain qualitative and available quantitative data. These methods helped ensure all key stakeholders' participation in an open environment. Although these questions were structured and semi-structured to get information for individual evaluation questions, an open-ended discussion was initiated after initial responses were recorded. The evaluation team conducted teleconferences with the senior MIDAS staff members that had departed Afghanistan before the closure of the project. Although the MIDAS project was in the process of closing its offices, a site visit was made to undertake KIIs with the remaining staff. The evaluation team also made five visits to the MoMP offices at AGS. Additionally, it held FGDs at a venue away from the MoMP to facilitate participation by MoMP female staff and those who had not yet been assigned a new office at MoMP. MoMP Directorates were invited to nominate their section heads and senior staff whose work groups most directly interacted with MIDAS for participation in KIIs. Consequently, the leadership and representative staff of the MoMP Legal, Investment Promotion, Contracts, Human Resources, Gender, Cadastre, Petroleum Authority, and Afghan Geological Survey directorates were interviewed.\n\nMIDAS' impending closeout limited the evaluation two weeks after the team's arrival, the departure of most expatriate and FSN MIDAS staff before the team's arrival, ongoing relocation and consolidation of MoMP into the AGS building, inconsistent access to training participants between the activity's components, and an inability to contact the 12-15 reported MIDAS-supported female interns to obtain their insights on the evaluation questions.\n", + "Key Findings": "MIDAS was conceived as an attempt to address and resolve the most critical issues impeding rapid development of the mining industry. Though the MIDAS interventions were and are critically needed, the planned scope was perhaps too ambitious given the project resources committed by USAID and the degree of disorder and dysfunction within MoMP. The opportunity for success was further hampered by the unexpected - though not unforeseeable - commodity price collapse that began during the MIDAS design phase and the inability of GIRoA, despite numerous attempts over the preceding decade, to pass a workable mining law.", + "Key Recommendations": "Because of the high turnover rates within MoMP, capacity building efforts should be continued. The capacity builders must be specialists within their fields, and must be embedded with their counterparts to provide on-the-job training experiences. The MoMP must be an active partner in designing capacity building interventions. Based upon its historical success and reputation at the MoMP, the U.S. Geological Survey should be the primary agency responsible for capacity building at AGS.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00N1TJ.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Mining & Extractives" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments", + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Economic Growth", + "Democracy, Human Rights, & Governance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Local Business", + "For-profit approach that generates sustainable income", + "Micro, Small, or Medium Enterprise" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Afghanistan and Pakistan" + ], + "Year": "2017" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "International Business & Technical Consultants, Inc." + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Kenya", + "Burundi", + "Rwanda", + "Tanzania", + "Uganda" + ], + "Document ID": "1708-Inter-MLT", + "Document Title": "A Performance Evaluation of Planning for Resilience in East Africa through Policy, Adaptation, Research, and Economic Development (PREPARED) Project", + "Document Summary": "The mid-term performance evaluation of ‘Planning for Resilience in East Africa through Policy Adaptation, Research, and Economic Development (PREPARED)’ in Africa was conducted and completed at the end of the fourth year of implementation with the objectives of:\n1. Informing the mission on how the current PREPARED project may be adjusted for improved development results\n2. Informing future activities and current project design\n3. Documenting the challenges, opportunities, successes, and lessons learned that can be used to guide the potential scale-up of certain activities\n\nThis mid-term evaluation adopted a descriptive, external, and retrospective performance evaluation approach using a multi-site participatory qualitative study design. Before the fieldwork, the evaluation team conducted a five-day document review and finalized the work plan and data collection tools. Concurrent with data analysis, the evaluation team held two validation meetings with USAID/KEA, the PREPARED party chief, the deputy chief of the party, and ESPS staff. After complete data triangulation from these sources, the final result, interpretation, conclusions, and recommendations were drafted. Two dissemination seminars were held—one with the USAID/KEA front office in Nairobi and another in Arusha with the EAC and LVBC.\n\nSome limitations to the evaluation design must be acknowledged. First, because purposive sampling methods were used for selecting KII participants, the analysis does not make inferences or generalizations of issues about the general population of stakeholders. Second, because the key informants constituted the primary source of information, the interview data were subject to personal biases, opinions, and recollections (respondent bias). Interviewer bias was mitigated by daily team debriefs where the team members compared their transcripts. The rigor and validity of findings in the methodology were ensured through triangulation of interview and document sources, appropriate sampling of KII participants, validation of the data collected, and their interpretation throughout the data collection and analysis process. These methods collectively reduced bias due to the subjective nature of qualitative methods. Due to time and resource constraints, the team could not visit project activities to review the progress reported.\n", + "Key Findings": "First, the nature of the USAID design process coupled with EAC protocols often means that experienced line staff implementing projects at the EAC and within Partner States, are not included in\nthe design phase of projects.\n\nSecondly, M&E systems across most activities are perceived as inadequate, focusing on outputs rather than outcomes.\n\nThird, PREPARED should compile a living document to illustrate lessons learned throughout the project’s life.\n\nFourth, in several instances, custom indicators for the PREPARED M&E plan may have better reflected the project's strengths and\nweaknesses.\n\nFinally, the team found that most activities will require an accelerated effort to become sustainable after PREPARED support ends.", + "Key Recommendations": "It is recommended that USAID/KEA make a concerted effort to facilitate a more inclusive project design process for regional programs.\n\nIt is recommended that an outcome-based M&E system be established.\n\nIt is recommended that USAID/KEA use such custom indicators for projects similar to PREPARED.\n\nIt is recommended that sustainability become the primary focus for the remaining life of the project.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00N5M1.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Financial Services" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Efficiency and Effectiveness", + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge", + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Conflict" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2017" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Nils Junge", + "Anthea Dallimore", + "Hilary Eaton" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "South Africa" + ], + "Document ID": "1708-Junge-ZAF", + "Document Title": "Learning, Evaluation, and Analysis Project-II (LEAP-II): Evaluation of the Beyond Advocacy Fund (BAF)", + "Document Summary": "This evaluation aimed to assess the effectiveness and efficiency of the Beyond Advocacy Fund (BAF) project in achieving its goals. It also evaluated BAF’s efforts to promote better government-private sector relations through funding small projects. Through partnering with government entities, BAF seeks to leverage the power of business to address common economic and social issues facing South African society. The findings are designed to inform adjustments and improvements to current activities and a second three-year funding phase.\n\nThe evaluation used a desk review of project documentation, key informant interviews (KIIs) with key project stakeholders and grant recipients, and field observations for two projects: ECD and Youth Employment, using qualitative methods and a non-experimental design. Although less extensive than many evaluations, the evaluators still followed all evaluation principles and good practices in conducting the work. The assessment was based on comparing projects’ responses of different stakeholder groups (government, private sector, grant recipients, and BAF/BLSA management) on a predetermined set of questions relating to projects themselves and more significant themes of private-sector-government relations. Combined with a review of project documentation, data collected this way allowed the evaluators to assess the validity and reliability of responses. The evaluators took notes and reviewed answers to the questions using expert judgment to produce the analysis.\n\nThe fundamental limitations to the evaluation were: time constraints, the wide range of sectors that made generalization difficult, and the absence of observable socio-economic effects. These factors pointed toward a streamlined methodology approach as the most feasible. However, given the small scale of the projects, it is still being determined whether a larger-scale evaluation would have been warranted or appropriate at this time.\n", + "Key Findings": "1.1. BAF activities are selected through a relatively informal process.\n\n1.2. Understanding of BAF objectives varied.\n\n1.3. There are clear opportunities for government-private sector cooperation.\n\n2.1. On the positive side, BAF’s management approach has encouraged private sector commitments, through its ability to link partners to its network.\n\n2.2. Trust between partners did not emerge as an issue or concern in any of the interviews.\n\n2.3. Although outside the scope of the review, the evaluators still sought to make some preliminary assessments as to what types and levels of effects had been generated by the projects to date.\n\n2.4. Big business in South Africa is currently in a difficult position.", + "Key Recommendations": " BLSA should engage in awareness raising activities for BAF, especially among government partners. \n BLSA should develop a detailed mission statement, hierarchy of objectives, and strategy for the BAF. \n BAF should consider moving to a more formal selection process, and combine this with efforts to increase awareness (in tandem with clarifying its purpose).\n BLSA should draft a statement or position piece on how BAF fits in within the new BLSA strategy.\n BLSA should make a more conscious effort to engage with the government partner in the conceptualization of projects. ", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00MZ9T.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Financial Services", + "Technology", + "Transportation and Warehousing" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Barclays Bank", + "Banking Association of South Africa", + "KYB", + "Finfind Pty Ltd", + "EOH" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities", + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge", + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Local Business", + "Multi-national Business", + "Formal Sector", + "For-profit approach that generates sustainable income", + "Financial Institution, Investors, and Intermediaries", + "Business Association or Cooperative" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2017" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Donald Lauro", + "Elizabeth McDavid" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Niger", + "Tanzania", + "Togo", + "Ethiopia", + "Burundi", + "Uganda", + "Congo (Kinshasa)", + "Mozambique", + "Nigeria", + "Burkina Faso", + "Cameroon" + ], + "Document ID": "1708-Lauro-MLT", + "Document Title": "Evidence to Action (E2A) Project Performance Evaluation Report", + "Document Summary": "By design, the Evidence to Action (E2A) Project focuses on strengthening family planning (FP) services by advancing best practices (BPs). As two high-level USAID key informants succinctly summarize, “[E2A is] our flagship on identifying and introducing BPs and family planning” and “the underpinning of this project is doing things that strengthen service delivery.” In its winning proposal, Pathfinder summarized E2A as a project that “will increase global support for the use of evidenced base best practices (BPs) to improve FP/reproductive health (RH) service access and quality.” (Technical Approach, AID-OAA-A-11-00024, May 2011: p.1).\n\nThis evaluation’s scope of work focused on how E2A has performed in four areas: BPs, youth interventions, USAID’s gender priorities, and exercising global/regional leadership. This report centers on evaluation team responses to these questions. Data analyzed to formulate responses came from reviewing 75 documents, 70 key informant interviews, and visits to Niger, Tanzania, and Togo.\n\nGiven the wide range of BPs, E2A focused on just a few to get started, gaining momentum as more Missions learned about the project. Under a three-year extension, it is well-positioned to continue making contributions at country, regional, and global levels. Over time, field support funding increased to a level approaching E2A’s $230 million ceiling. To date, the project has fielded and generated evidence on BPs in 15 sub-Saharan countries, including expanding method mix in Burundi, Ethiopia, Nigeria, and Tanzania; post-abortion care/FP in Burkina Faso and Togo; youth-friendly services in Ethiopia, Niger, Cameroon, Nigeria, and Tanzania; the Training Resource Package in pre-service midwifery education in Uganda and Tanzania; and population, health, and environment in Uganda and Kenya. In its remaining years, E2A will continue to apply, advance, scale up, generate, and consolidate evidence and share the learning.", + "Key Findings": "E2A has worked in 15 sub-Saharan countries to define, refine, apply, and/or scale up FP BPs.\n\nE2A locally adapted and applied other established BPs in various settings, such as the World Health Organization’s (WHO) Training Resource Package (TRP).\n\nE2A has implemented and gathered evidence on a range of BPs in different settings.", + "Key Recommendations": "The evaluation team recommends that E2A prioritize the following in its remaining years:\n• Continue implementing and generating evidence on established BPs, such as expanding the method mix, working with CHWs, task-sharing, PHE, and PAC/FP, particularly in Togo, where the Ministry of Health is poised for scale-up. \n• Gain more experience with and continue to document FTP and ULC as emerging BPs\n• Funding permitting, continue support for ULC in Niger, including ongoing efforts in Niamey and extending ULC in Tahoua, Maradi, and Zinder\n• Continue to promulgate ExpandNet’s scale-up methodology within E2A, especially for regional work with youth in West Africa and PHE in East Africa, by remaining anchored in solid on-the-\nground projects and committed to working within collaborative partnerships\n• Identify research opportunities that will lead to published articles about E2A potential areas of interest (e.g., cumulative experience with new methods contributing to overall contraceptive\nuse and documenting the cost and benefits related to CHWs and task-sharing)\n• Building on current solid leadership, strong staff, and momentum, leave a published legacy of BP experience and evidence", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Business Services", + "Health Care" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "ExpandNet", + "IntraHealth", + "PATH", + "Pathfinder International", + "Management Sciences for Health (MSH)" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge", + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Health" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Multi-national Business", + "Formal Sector", + "American Business", + "Large Enterprise" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2017" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Simon Levine" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global", + "South Sudan", + "Mali", + "Pakistan" + ], + "Document ID": "1708-LEVIN-MLT", + "Document Title": "Market in crises: the implications for humanitarian action", + "Document Summary": "In almost all societies today, including those in crisis, markets are a key determinant of household livelihoods and resilience. Market outcomes are a significant determinant of livelihood outcomes, and so understanding how crises affect markets and market relations is critical. However, humanitarian actors are thinking about markets mainly because of their instrumental use to aid, rather than as institutions critical to crisis-affected populations in and of themselves. \n\nThis report collates findings across three case studies on what actually happens to the institutions around markets during and after crises, including the floods in Pakistan in 2010, conflict in northern Mali from 2012 and acute conflict in South Sudan in 2014. It also explores how humanitarian policies and interventions can be best used to maximise the potential of markets to support the household resilience of people living in situations of crises. ", + "Key Findings": "The studies showed that there were often unintended and far- reaching consequences from the way in which aid was delivered, because the potential impact on markets of how aid was organised had not been adequately considered. These lessons provide powerful arguments that the aid sector needs to make radical changes in how it incorporates market awareness into its planning, and how it thinks about the private sector and its role in crises. They also give reason to believe that even more revolutionary change is needed in how humanitarians organise themselves to support food security and livelihoods in crises.", + "Key Recommendations": "In our three studies, the impacts of a crisis on people’s lives depended in part on how markets were affected. In some cases, markets adapted, to dampen the disturbance; in others, the direct shock was magnified by market perturbations, and spread over a wider geographic area. There was no constant timeframe for the duration of these effects. This suggests that a problem analysis will be incomplete without a consideration of what has happened, and what is likely to happen, to markets. An immediate snap- shot assessment of market prices and availability may give only a transitory picture, which may cause needs for emergency relief (and for support for recovery) to be missed – or to be assumed wrongly to exist.\n\nA better understanding of markets could also help identify geographical areas needing assistance, since, as discussed above, these are not always confined to areas directly affected by a shock.\n\nEngaging with the private sector may help the recovery of necessary trade and economic activity, or it may feed corruption and a war economy. A more critical approach to thinking about who the market players are would facilitate thinking about the most constructive way to support economic activity, which may lead, for example, to a decision to help local chambers of commerce have their voices heard in the distant capitals where decisions on aid and recovery are made. Starting generically from a desire to ‘work with the private sector’ will not lead to such an analysis.\n\nBetter understanding of the many different ways in which crises and aid change markets enables agencies to take action before a crisis to help strengthen the resilience of market systems to crises.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://cdn.odi.org/media/documents/11722.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Financial Services", + "Business Services" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Humanitarian Policy Group (HPG)" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Efficiency and Effectiveness", + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge", + "Reputation and Credible Convening Power" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Advancing Learning and Market Research;", + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Overseas Development Institute (ODI)" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Conflict" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Humanitarian Assistance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Landscape Analysis", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Micro, Small, or Medium Enterprise", + "Local Business", + "Regional Business" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2017" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Abelardo Rodriguez", + "Carolina Dreikorn", + "Charles Kenny Jordan" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Guatemala", + "Honduras", + "El Salvador", + "Costa Rica" + ], + "Document ID": "1708-Mende-MLT", + "Document Title": "Final Performance Evaluation of the USAID Regional Climate Change Program (RCCP) 2017 ", + "Document Summary": "The final performance evaluation of the USAID Regional Climate Change Program (RCCP) in the Central American region evaluated the most significant intended and unintended results achieved by RCCP; the extent to which the results are aligned with national and regional climate change strategies, needs, and priorities in Central America; the extent to which the RCCP has built local capacity in the region to address climate change issues; and the approaches and results that have the potential to exist after USAID funding ends. \n\nThe evaluation was predominantly qualitative and focused on processes that have led to changes in attitudes and empowerment and the Program's role in these processes. A total of 118 individuals from Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, and Panama were interviewed (36 percent were women). The evaluation found that RCCP has developed practical methodologies and tools to help different countries move forward on customized \"Reducing Emissions from Deforestation, Forest Degradation, Conservation, and Sustainable Management\" issues (REDD+). \n\nThe Program learned how to develop national agendas following a standard methodology that included consultation, free and informed prior consultation, and social and environmental safeguards aligned with commitments and international agreements, including economic development options to benefit women, indigenous, and forest-dependent communities. There were numerous activities conducive to building local capacity. Knowledge and skills were transferred from end-users to planners in central government offices. Centro Clima was created as a regional private-public partnership to provide specialized meteorological services and inputs needed to craft tools to help stakeholders in different sectors decrease their vulnerability associated with climate change. Thus, Centro Clima is a regional asset. Coffee Cloud and Clima Pesca are two apps praised by the end users, but their sustainability depends on suitable inter-institutional arrangements.\n", + "Key Findings": "1. RCCP developed common definitions, practical methodologies, and tools to help different countries move forward on customized REDD+ issues.\n\n2. At the beginning of the Program, REDD+ was not a well understood task, but it was a priority for RCCP to align REDD+ closely with the policies of those countries in order to reduce deforestation and vulnerability, and create employment by using the REDD+ development pathways following national environmental laws and work plans.\n\n3. There were numerous activities that facilitated the transfer of knowledge and skills to stakeholders at different levels. However, other than the general learning goals for these events expressed in training plans, the Team did not find information regarding how learning is measured.\n\n4. RCCP has played a key role in strengthening capacities and providing technical advice, tools and methodologies. Most of the countries in Central America were not ready for REDD+ when the RCCP began, but they are now working toward this end.", + "Key Recommendations": "1. To enrich REDD+ strategies and restoration strategies, CATIE should finalize and publish the MAS tool.\n\n2. USAID/CAM, in collaboration with CCAD, and possibly with GIZ, should develop a mechanism to exchange information between the USAID bilateral Missions, and also between different projects under different donors involved in similar thematic areas.\n\n3. In future programs, USAID should consider requiring that programs and projects have a training program with clear goals and objectives that go beyond the quantitative performance indicators.\n\n4. Ministries of Environment in the Central American region should continue to update and prepare statements about their readiness in REDD+.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Abelardo_Rodriguez5/publication/321013104_Final_Performance_Evaluation_of_the_USAID_Regional_Climate_Change_Program_RCCP_2017/links/5a078d3b4585157013a5c66d/Final-Performance-Evaluation-of-the-USAID-Regional-Climate-Change-Program-RCCP-2017.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, and Hunting" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth", + "Conflict" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Environment/Climate Change" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Latin America and the Carribean" + ], + "Year": "2017" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia Ministry of Health" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Ethiopia" + ], + "Document ID": "1708-MOH-ETH", + "Document Title": "Ethiopia Health Accounts, 2013/2014", + "Document Summary": "Health Accounts (HA) track a health system's total health expenditure flows from financing sources to purposes of spending and end users for a given period. Ethiopia's sixth round of Health Accounts covered the fiscal year 2013/14 (July 8, 2013, through July 7, 2014). This was the first time Ethiopia conducted a Health Accounts exercise using the World Health Organization's (WHO's) Systems of Health Accounts 2011 framework. This Health Accounts exercise, like its predecessors, aimed to answer the following specific policy questions regarding Ethiopia's healthcare sector: What is the magnitude of health financing, and how much was spent on a per capita basis? Who finances the health sector? Where do government resources go in the health sector? How are healthcare funds managed and distributed? Who are the health service providers, and how much is spent at each level of the health system? For what purposes are these resources used? Which diseases and health conditions does Ethiopia spend on? What is the burden of financing on households? What is the role of the private sector in health?\n\nHealth expenditure data were collected from the Ministry of Finance and Economic Cooperation, universities, bilateral and multilateral donors, nongovernmental organizations (I/NGOs), employers, insurance companies, and line ministries. In addition, a general health care utilization and expenditure survey collected data from households and a study of people living with HIV collected utilization and expenditure data from citizens clinically diagnosed as HIV positive. All collected data were entered and analyzed in the Health Accounts Production Tool (HAPT) software, developed by the WHO and USAID's Health System 20/20 project.\n\nNevertheless, the study was not without limitations. Government budget and expenditure reports do not directly match the SHA 2011 classifications. Therefore, as in previous HA rounds, distribution keys were used to disaggregate government expenditure figures between outpatient and inpatient health and into the various disease categories/programs at the different levels of care. Hence, these figures are not actual ones but rather estimates. Other institutions keep information in other formats. This also made it difficult to obtain data according to HA categories. HA does not track community in-kind contributions, however, as the HA methodology defines health expenditure in terms of financial transactions.\n", + "Key Findings": "The exercise estimated total health expenditure in Ethiopia in 2013/14 at 49.6 billion Ethiopian Birr, representing 4.73 percent of gross domestic product (GDP). \n\nOver 86 percent of the spending was on recurrent expenditures (delivery of health services, provision of health commodities and supplies, and operationalization of the health system), 10 percent was on capital formation, and 3 percent on training and research. \n\nWhile Ethiopia’s per capita health expenditure on essential health services is very low compared with peer countries and WHO’s recommendation of US$60 (by year 2015), it has grown significantly over the past two decades, from US$4.5 in 1995/96 to of US$28.65 in 2013/14. \n\nThe share of domestic health financing has increased from 50 percent to 64 percent (30 percent from government, 33 percent from households, and 1 percent from private employers and\nothers) in the same period. \n\nThe share of spending by “the rest of the world” (bilateral and multilateral donors, and private philanthropists) has fallen from 50 percent in 2010/11 to 36 percent in 2013/14.", + "Key Recommendations": "Increase the magnitude and per capita spending on health with emphasis on domestic financing.\n\nExpand financial protection to reduce the financial burden that health spending imposes on households and to increase health service utilization by citizens.\n\nProvide financial protection for the poor and needy segments of the population.\n\nInstitutionalize health accounts and regular generation of evidence for policy decision making.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.hfgproject.org/ethiopia-health-accounts-201314/", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Financial Services" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Youth" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Health" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Financial Institution, Investors, and Intermediaries" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2017" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Sarah Parkinson", + "Timothy Foster", + "Abdul Wakeel" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Afghanistan" + ], + "Document ID": "1708-Parki-AFG", + "Document Title": "Retrospective Performance Evaluation of the Afghan Sustainable Water Supply and Sanitation Project", + "Document Summary": "USAID/Afghanistan’s $43 million investment in the Afghan Sustainable Water Supply and Sanitation (SWSS) activity is one of the Agency’s most significant single investments globally in sustainable rural water supply delivery. The project installed about 2,123 wells with hand pumps across Afghanistan from 2009-2012. This evaluation was conducted to identify factors that support and hinder sustainable water service delivery in different contexts. It is achieved through a comparative analysis of SWSS well sites based on their functionality and concerning the five categories of factors identified in the literature as relevant to the sustainability of water supply systems (technical, environmental, financial, governance, and social). This report presents the results of a retrospective evaluative study of wells installed in Afghanistan. By looking at how many communities have managed to maintain their wells and the reasons for success and failure, the benefits of hindsight can be applied to ongoing efforts in rural drinking water supply, which remains a critical need for many communities in Afghanistan.\n\nThe primary data source for this study is a survey of 500 wells sampled from the general population of 2,123 SWSS wells, augmented by focus group discussions with women and men from beneficiary households at 13 of the well sites. Project documentation and key informant interviews with former SWSS staff and other critical actors in rural water supply within Afghanistan were used to provide context and background in interpreting results. The study faced several risks and limitations, mainly anticipated at the outset of inaccessibility due to insecurity and weather, difficulty in positively identifying well sites, attrition of knowledge, gaps in documentation, and challenges to some initial study assumptions. These limitations need to be considered in interpreting the study findings. However, the overall study design and specific mitigation strategies were robust enough that the evaluation findings can be mainly considered reflective of the actual situation on the ground.\n", + "Key Findings": "1. When communities need a water source4, have a sense of buy-in/ownership, have access to spare parts and repair services, and the well is reasonably constructed, they are highly motivated to maintain it. \n2. SWSS’s quality assurance processes directed at ensuring construction companies correctly installed wells appear to have been relatively successful, and may be the main source of the\nmodestly better-than-average performance of its wells. \n3. SWSS well performance was also supported by the long-term ongoing work of other actors in the field, including MRRD and DACAAR, particularly with respect to the widespread availability of spare parts and trained pump mechanics.", + "Key Recommendations": "For implementers of current and future water supply projects:\n1. Document processes and results clearly, to allow for proper follow-up and improve the sector’s capacity to learn from experience.\n2. Previous to constructing any wells, develop a tracking system with clear unambiguous identification codes.\n3. Recognize community strengths5 and use existing community structures and processes where possible, while being cognizant that in some communities, leaders may not represent everyone’s interests or may attempt to capture project benefits for themselves and their families.\n4. Needs assessment should be done routinely as part of water supply construction, learning from best practices already documented by DACAAR.\n5. Community contributions to well construction, especially in the form of labor, should be a requirement. ", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.globalwaters.org/sites/default/files/Retrospective-Performance-Eval-Afghan-Sustainable-Water-Supply-Sanitation-project-Aug2017.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Engineering & Construction" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge", + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth", + "Conflict" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Health" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Micro, Small, or Medium Enterprise", + "For-profit approach that generates sustainable income", + "Local Business" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Afghanistan and Pakistan" + ], + "Year": "2017" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Sally Pauw" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Ethiopia" + ], + "Document ID": "1708-Pauw-ETH", + "Document Title": "Agricultural Commercialization in Ethiopia: A Review of Warehouse Receipts in the Maize, Wheat, Sorghum, and Tef Value Chains", + "Document Summary": "This study report assesses whether the Warehouse Receipt System (WRS) in Ethiopia— through the provision of credit, the reduction of post-harvest losses, and by linking producers, cooperatives, and traders to agricultural value chains—can contribute to the fast-tracking of agricultural commercialization and transformation in the sector, as envisioned under the second Growth and Transformation Plan (GTP II). The analysis focuses on tef, maize, wheat, and barley value chains, of which the latter three commodities are currently eligible for warehouse receipting on the Exchange Commodity Ethiopia (ECX). Following an extensive review of the issues and challenges, this study proposes the adoption of a multi-tiered WRS for Ethiopia—starting from producers at the ground level, followed by primary organizations (POs), then cooperative farmer unions (FCU), and eventually ending users, such as traders, exporters, government agencies and aid organizations.\n \nThis study begins with a review of the recent literature evaluating the performance of the WRS in Ethiopia, including the Agriculture Growth Program-Agribusiness and Market Development (AGP-AMDe) review that made several recommendations on how the WRS could be strengthened. The literature review is complemented by information gathered through interviews with key stakeholders to obtain their perspectives on commodity finance and storage issues, challenges in the Ethiopian context, and the evolution of the WRS. An analysis of production and market statistics is then conducted to understand market trends and seasonal price curves better to better assess the viability of WRF in the current market context. The study revisited recommendations made in the Agriculture Growth Program-Agribusiness and Market Development (AGP-AMDe) review of the Ethiopian WRS. It assessed the physical storability and the seasonality of the four key bowls of cereal.\n", + "Key Findings": "In reviewing the utilization and performance of the current WRS, this study found that Ethiopian smallholders are currently excluded from the benefits of a WRS and WRF by factors such as minimum required lot sizes, illiquid credit supply, debilitating interest rates, lack of (quality) storage infrastructure and financial illiteracy. Private warehouses are not accredited by the exchange to issue WRs and are therefore excluded from the system; public warehouses have been criticized from quality and quantity deterioration; and the Exchange cannot hedge lending against the security of future crop production. If, however, all these systems are included in the same overarching WRS, risk is spread across all actors, transaction costs decline, liquidity increases, and prices become more stable. ", + "Key Recommendations": "1. Expand the focus of the WRS from exported crops to maize, wheat, tef, and barley.\n2. Conduct a capacity audit of all market actors, followed by a capacity building plan with ongoing training and sensitization at all levels.\n3. Align grade standards for all traded commodities across all sectors, tiers, ACCs.\n4. Create a Storage Investment Plan alongside the ATA's planned National Storage Strategy to first analyze constraints and therefore mobilize investment.\n5. Include all members of all tiers in the WRS management and oversight body/ECEA.\n6. Seek evolution of the national telecommunications provider to include services such as mobile money. ", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://agri-learning-ethiopia.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/WRS-report_web_revised_3.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Transportation and Warehousing", + "Processing & Manufacturing" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Feed the Future" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Agriculture and Food Security" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2017" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Duncan Wood", + "Angela Robertson" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Mexico", + "United States" + ], + "Document ID": "1708-ROBER-MEX", + "Document Title": "Building on Early Success: Next Steps in U.S.-Mexico Educational Cooperation", + "Document Summary": "The document looks at the U.S.-Mexico education cooperation, which focuses on the exchange of educational resources between the two countries. The U.S.-Mexico Bilateral Forum on Higher Education was formed to expand the opportunities allowed by previous exchange programs. The document concludes that although the U.S.-Mexico Bilateral Forum on Higher education does increase collaboration the goals put forth were not met and further work should be done to increase the educational exchange.", + "Key Findings": "Cultural and educational exchanges help to create connections between the people and institutions of the United States and Mexico via exchange programs, scholarships, grants, and joint research. Increasing educational exchanges and strengthening workforce development and innovation, particularly in STEM areas, will allow the United States and Mexico, and North America as a whole, to compete in global markets. Thus, FOBESII has the potential to build a more prosperous future for both the United States and Mexico.", + "Key Recommendations": "We argue that to overcome these challenges, future initiatives must focus on advancing private sector engagement, workforce development, and improving public communication and outreach. FOBESII continues to be a relevant and important initiative, but it is in urgent need of restructuring\nand redirection if it is to make a significant contribution to bilateral affairs and regional competitiveness.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.wilsoncenter.org/publication/building-early-success-next-steps-us-mexico-educational-cooperation", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Educational Services" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Wilson Center Mexico Institute" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Education and Social Services" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Formal Sector" + ], + "Year": "2017" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Systems for Improved Access to Pharmaceuticals and Services (SIAPS)" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "1708-SIAPS-GLO", + "Document Title": "Building Coalitions for Containing Antimicrobial Resistance: A Guide", + "Document Summary": "Building Coalitions for Containing Antimicrobial Resistance: A Guide Building Coalitions for Containing Antimicrobial Resistance: A Guide August 2017 aims to help member states “ensure, for as long as possible, continuity of successful treatment and prevention of infectious diseases with effective and safe medicines that are quality-assured, used responsibly, and accessible to all who need them.” This guide helps individuals, organizations, and governments develop, establish, and maintain effective multidisciplinary and multisectoral coalitions to combat AMR. The principles and guidance provided should be helpful in many types of collaborations at different levels of operation and with varying scopes. The five objectives outlined in the plan provide the framework for AMR efforts at the country level.\n\nThis document provides guidance on building and strengthening coalitions to combat AMR through mobilization support, understanding the local situation, formulating a plan, implementing the plan, and monitoring and evaluation. It primarily focuses on creating and establishing new coalitions; however, these elements are relevant throughout the lifespan of a coalition, and revisiting each period may be necessary as coalitions grow, evolve, expand, or wane and need to be revitalized. In addition, the elements of coalition building may sometimes occur in a more relaxed sequential order. Depending on the context and existing systems, coalitions can use situational analyses that have already been conducted or utilize an existing active network. In each setting, it is vital to understand the needs of the coalition and focus on the elements of this guide that align best with those needs.\n\nThis guide is primarily intended for individuals or groups working to establish, revitalize, or maintain coalitions to combat AMR and current, future, and potential members of these coalitions. This may include organizations or individuals from a diverse group of disciplines and sectors, including medicine, nursing, pharmacy, public health, laboratory, civil society, agriculture, veterinary medicine, environment, donors and development partners, academia, professional associations, consumer advocacy groups, government, non-governmental organizations, and the private sector. This guide provides a high-level approach to coalition building, but it represents a flexible stepwise approach and can be used by coalitions regardless of where they are in the process.\n", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00SW97.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Health Care", + "Pharmaceuticals" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Youth" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Health" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2017" + }, + { + "Country(ies)": [ + "South Sudan" + ], + "Document ID": "1708-USAID-SSD", + "Document Title": "South Sudan Coffee Initiative Final Report", + "Document Summary": "In March 2016, TechnoServe and Nespresso entered an agreement with USAID to catalyze a high-value, export-oriented coffee industry in South Sudan. The South Sudan Coffee Initiative aimed to enable 1,500 South Sudanese smallholder farmers to triple their coffee incomes and improve their household resilience. In line with USAID’s development objectives to expand agricultural-based economic opportunities and build conflict-resilient communities, this alliance ultimately sought to increase productivity and strengthen resilience, accelerate agricultural market development, and diversify South Sudan’s export market. This final report covers the entire project period from 1 March 2016 to 31 July 2017. The report highlights its achievements, including securing high-quality coffee and improving wet mill performance; improving farmer productivity, quality, and sustainability; and sowing seeds of hope for the future. The report highlights how the deteriorating security situation in Sudan impacted the project operation.", + "Key Findings": "Securing AAA Quality Coffee and Improving Wet Mill Performance\n 23.7 metric tons of green coffee was exported from South Sudan in early-2016, signaling the official launch of Nespresso’s Suluja specialty coffee.\n\nImproving AAA Farmer Productivity, Quality and Sustainability\n 731 farmers from the 2015 Cohort attended at least five of the ten training topics delivered through the AAA Academy agronomy training program through July 2016, 27% of whom were women.\n\nPromoting New Coffee Farm Opportunities\n The AAA team facilitated farmer access to an estimated 27,000 coffee seedlings during 2016 and facilitated the production of approximately 69,000 seedlings.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00MZ5X.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Business Services", + "Food & Beverage" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "TechnoServe", + "Nespresso" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments", + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment", + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth", + "Conflict" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Agriculture and Food Security" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Multi-national Business", + "For-profit approach that generates sustainable income", + "Large Enterprise", + "Formal Sector", + "American Business" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2017" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Chemonics International" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Bangladesh", + "India", + "Sri Lanka", + "Nepal", + "Bhutan" + ], + "Document ID": "1709-Chemo-MLT", + "Document Title": "Facilitating Regional Connectivity in South Asia: Indo-Pacific Economic Corridor Final Report", + "Document Summary": "The United States envisions an Indo-Pacific Economic Corridor (IPEC) that bridges South and Southeast Asia to promote regional stability and economic prosperity. As part of the IPEC vision, the U.S. government implemented a series of activities to foster more excellent regional economic connectivity in Asia. USAID, in collaboration with the U.S. State Department—funded this activity with its centrally managed funds for advancing regional cooperation in South Asia. Facilitating regional connectivity in South Asia Indo-pacific economic corridor final report focuses solely on one component of the broader IPEC initiative — economic integration through trade, investment, and private sector engagement. USAID engaged Asia and the Middle East Economic Growth Best Practices (AMEG), a regional program based in Washington, D.C., as the lead implementing partner for the trade integration support of IPEC. \n\nTo present AMEG’s contributions to the broader IPEC initiative, the report summarizes the implementation of IPEC over three phases. Phases 1 and II consists of the assessment portion of the initiative. The report summarizes the activities implemented under Phase III, as well as some activities attempted but not implemented due to factors outside the control of USAID and AMEG. It identifies lessons learned and best practices based on AMEG’s experience. Lastly, the report makes recommendations for USAID, the State Department, and any other institutions seeking to promote South Asia regional trade integration. It includes specific opportunities for additional assistance, building on the momentum generated throughout this two-year initiative. \n\nThe report highlights that over 12 months, IPEC laid the groundwork for future U.S. government assistance to promote regional connectivity in South Asia and open markets for U.S. businesses to benefit from this dynamic region. Among several recommendations for future U.S. government assistance to South Asia regional integration is the creation of a private sector-led “Borderless Alliance” — a successful model used by USAID in West Africa that the IPEC team customized to the South Asian context. Rather than creating another comprehensive regional institution, AMEG recommends that the South Asia Borderless Alliance be a lean, opportunistic mechanism for 1) identifying priorities having a high probability of being changed and 2) mobilizing task forces that focus on concrete NTBs and developing time-bound plans for addressing them, and then implementing those plans until a change is realized. Other ideas for U.S. government assistance, such as risk management technical assistance for Sri Lanka Customs, are also provided in this report. The momentum built by IPEC can be harnessed to eliminate NTBs, strengthen U.S.-South Asia ties, and alleviate poverty across the region.\n", + "Key Recommendations": "Among several recommendations for future U.S. government assistance to South Asia regional integration is the creation of a private sector-led “Borderless Alliance” — a successful model used by USAID in West Africa that the IPEC team customized to the\nSouth Asian context. Rather than create another broad regional institution, AMEG recommends that the South Asia Borderless Alliance be a lean, opportunistic mechanism for: 1) identifying priorities having a high probability of being changed; and 2) mobilizing task forces that focus on concrete NTBs and develop time-bound plans for addressing them, and then implementing those plans until change is realized.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00N1CP.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Business Services" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Confederation of Indian Industry (CII)", + "Business Initiative Leading Development in Bangladesh (BUILD)" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments", + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Business Association or Cooperative" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Asia" + ], + "Year": "2017" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Dalberg" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "1709-Dalbe-GLO", + "Document Title": "Private Sector Partnerships in Agriculture Value Chains: Building Effective Relationships to Sustain Results", + "Document Summary": "Private Sector Partnerships in Agriculture Value Chains Building Effective Relationships to sustain results is a guiding document that provides USAID staff with lessons and guidance on building and maintaining solid relationships for effective private sector partnerships in agricultural value chains.\n\nOver the last decade, USAID has developed more than 1,500 strategic alliances involving more than 3,500 private sector partner organizations. Many of these partnerships are between USAID and private sector partners (PSPs) working in agriculture. Most partnerships within agriculture value chains aim to (i) graduate smallholder farmers into the commercial sector, (ii) integrate farmers into value chains, (iii) improve farmer skills and productivity, and (iv) increase farmer access to technologies. Effective private partnerships can, therefore, meaningfully improve development outcomes for smallholder farmers while realizing the business interests of PSPs. USAID’s internal research and academic literature consistently highlight that solid relationships with PSPs are essential for effective partnerships and that healthier relationships are associated with better program outcomes.\n\nThis guide illustrates how USAID can foster these relationships to create impactful agricultural private-sector partnerships; it also offers a series of questions and considerations for staff to reflect on at each relationship stage, from prospecting to sustaining results. The insights and recommendations are drawn from a careful study of USAID’s portfolio of public-private partnerships in agricultural value chains in 2016. The insights reflect (i) desk research, (ii) a survey of USAID staff involved in 22 of these partnerships, (iii) 17 interviews with actors across these partnerships from a non-USAID perspective (15 PSPs and two implementing partners), and (iv) in-depth case studies on four of these partnerships comprised of in-country interviews with USAID staff, PSPs, implementers, sub-grantees, government officials, external stakeholders, and beneficiaries.\n", + "Key Findings": "Over the course of the last decade, USAID has developed more than 1,500 strategic alliances involving more than 3,500 private sector partner organizations. Many of these partnerships are between USAID and private sector partners (PSPs) working in agriculture. Most partnerships within agriculture value chains aim to (i) graduate smallholder farmers into the commercial sector, (ii) integrate farmers into value chains, (iii) improve farmer skills and productivity, and (iv) increase farmer access to technologies. Effective private partnerships can, therefore, meaningfully improve development outcomes for smallholder farmers while realizing the business interests of PSPs.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.agrilinks.org/sites/default/files/20170911_isp_partnerships_guide_-_vf_clean.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Chemicals", + "Food & Beverage", + "Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, and Hunting", + "Business Services" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA)", + "World Cocoa Foundation (WCF)", + "Mars", + "Cargill", + "Hershey", + "Dupont", + "AgriGeorgia (Ferrerro)", + "Heineken", + "Papyrus" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge", + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment", + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Agriculture and Food Security" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "American Business", + "Formal Sector", + "Large Enterprise", + "For-profit approach that generates sustainable income", + "Multi-national Business", + "Local Business" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2017" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Dexis Consulting Group" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "1709-Dexis-GLO", + "Document Title": "Center for Transformational Partnerships Institutional Support Services Final Report", + "Document Summary": "The U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) has a long history of working with the private sector on a broad range of issues where core business interests and objectives align with USAID development priorities. In support of USAID’s efforts to highlight, increase, and improve partnerships with the private sector, along with the core mandate of the Center for Transformational Partnerships (CTP) of the U.S. Global Development Lab (Lab) to advance partnerships with the private sector, USAID awarded the Center for Transformational Partnerships Institutional Support Services (CISS) contract to Dexis Consulting Group (Dexis) on May 13, 2014. This report is a final report that provides a detail of progress made throughout the project period.\n\nThe report highlights that CISS helped to advance the mission of USAID and CTP by providing technical and logistical support to CTP in the following areas: advisory services and engagement; convening external and internal events and special projects; managing a strategic partnership between USAID and Devex (Devex Impact); organizing travel for Mission Private Sector Engagement (PSE) training and PSE events; providing vendor technical services in the areas of communications and event logistics; and engaging short-term technical assistance. Throughout the program, the Dexis team played a critical role in increasing CTP’s private sector engagement capacity through technical service and support across all contract areas. \n\nDexis’ advisory services and engagement support addressed CTP’s core mandate to work across the Agency to leverage partnerships to achieve development outcomes. This was accomplished by providing a range of services, including communications, training, knowledge management, collaborations, data collection and analysis, and facilitation of the community of practice. CTP regularly convenes external and internal events to advance its mission and mandate. Dexis provided technical and logistical support to CTP to produce seven major externally-facing events, convening hundreds of private sector and development professionals. The Devex Impact partnership was created to meet a growing need to acknowledge, report on, and build an external community around the increasing role of the private sector in international development. Most works under CISS were based in Washington, D.C.; however, there were occasional travel requests to support specific activities.\n", + "Key Findings": "Advisory Services and Engagement: Dexis’ advisory services and engagement support addressed CTP’s core mandate to work across the Agency to leverage partnerships to achieve development outcomes.\n\nEvents and Special Projects: CTP regularly convenes both external and internal events to advance its mission and mandate. Dexis provided technical and logistical support to CTP to produce seven major externally-facing events, convening hundreds of private sector and development professionals.\n\nDevex Impact: The Devex Impact partnership was created to meet a growing need to acknowledge, report on, and build an external community around the increasing role of the private sector in international development.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00N18V.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Business Services" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Devex", + "Dexis Consulting Group" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Advancing Learning and Market Research;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "American Business", + "For-profit approach that generates sustainable income", + "Micro, Small, or Medium Enterprise", + "Formal Sector", + "Multi-national Business", + "Large Enterprise" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2017" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Feed the Future" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Ghana" + ], + "Document ID": "1709-Feed-GHA", + "Document Title": "Feed the Future Enabling Environment for Food Security: AgCLIR Ghana", + "Document Summary": "This report addresses the legal, institutional, and social environment for doing business in Ghana’s agricultural sector. By closely examining agriculture-related policies, laws, institutions, and social dynamics, this report aims to inform strategies and decisions by government institutions, donors, nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), the private sector, and others concerning developing agricultural enterprises and economic growth generally. The use of this document is intended to be multifaceted: it can be accessed as a foundation for developing agrarian policy, a framework for donor intervention, a substantive resource for future projects, a benchmark for assessing change, a tool for academic instruction, and, most immediately, a “jumping off point” for stakeholder discussion and consensus-building. Notably, this report represents the first time that the Agribusiness Commercial Legal and Institutional Reform (AgCLIR) diagnostic has been repeated in a country, as Ghana was the first to receive an AgCLIR assessment in 2008. From March 27 to April 7, 2017, a cross-disciplinary team of consultants convened in Ghana to conduct interviews across the agricultural sector.\n\nThe AgCLIR methodology provides an in-depth qualitative assessment across four dimensions of the enabling environment for agriculture: specifically, the legal framework, implementing institutions, supporting institutions, and social dynamics that govern economic behavior in the agricultural market system. To develop a 360-degree view of market dynamics, AgCLIR findings are based on (1) a thorough review of the extant policy, legal, and regulatory framework and (2) interviews with key stakeholders throughout the public and private sectors. The AgCLIR team analyzes enabling environment constraints to growth in the agricultural sector and provides actionable recommendations for reform across a wide range of regulatory areas. \n\nIn light of the Enabling, the Business of Agriculture (EBA) introduction and its 2017 comparative findings across 62 countries, the AgCLIR methodology used for this assessment was expanded and tailored to directly address six of the eight topics areas covered by the EBA. First, this AgCLIR diagnostic contains three new chapters that focus exclusively on seed, fertilizer, and mechanization to shed light on these critical agricultural inputs and dive deeper into the scores from the EBA topics on the same subjects. In addition, the traditional AgCLIR methodology for the chapters Starting a Business, Getting Credit, and Trading Across Borders has been adapted to incorporate specific regulations and institutional procedures measured by EBA. Finally, the AgCLIR chapter on Accessing Marketing Infrastructure has been retitled Accessing Markets and Transport to reflect the EBA focus on transportation better. Throughout the chapters of this report, the analysis references relevant EBA and other relevant benchmarking indices and places these data points in the context of broader enabling environment factors. To this end, the report aims to ensure that users of this report understand what these indices measure, what their scores represent, and how to use them as a tool to inform reforms effectively.\n", + "Key Findings": "The seed industry in Ghana has been slow to develop since the parastatal Ghana Seed Company was privatized in 1989—in fact, slower than peer countries under similar circumstances.\n\nFertilizer use has historically been low in Ghana, particularly outside of the cocoa subsector.\n\nAn estimated 6,500–7,500 tractors exist in Ghana, but only about half of them are operational.\n\nFarmers and downstream agricultural market system actors have little access to financing in Ghana.\n\nGhana favors the agricultural sector through reduced tax rates and subsidies.", + "Key Recommendations": "In coordination with the National Board for Small Scale Industries (NBSSI), coordinate to offer business skills training and extension services for smallholder farmers in the Savannah Accelerated Development Authority (SADA) region.\n\nRepeal the new policy that suspends tax exemptions, or at a minimum provide relief for small and medium-sized businesses, until the review of existing exemptions is complete.\n\nConduct a release time study for the Port of Tema.\n\nConduct a checkpoint verification study for agricultural goods along the major trade corridors.\n\nExpand women’s access to justice in commercial disputes.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.agrilinks.org/sites/default/files/resources/agclir_ghana_full_report_-_final_2017_web.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Technology" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "GCNet" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth", + "Conflict" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Agriculture and Food Security" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Local Business", + "Formal Sector", + "For-profit approach that generates sustainable income" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2017" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "LEARN" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Regional", + "Uganda" + ], + "Document ID": "1709-LEARN-MLT", + "Document Title": "Performance Evaluation: Integrating Science, Technology, Innovation & Partnerships at USAID Final Report", + "Document Summary": "The United States Agency for International Development (USAID) established the Global Development Lab (“the Lab”) in April 2014 with a two-part mission to 1) produce breakthrough development innovations by sourcing, testing, and scaling proven solutions and 2) accelerate the transformation of the development enterprise through modern tools and approaches. Toward this effort, the Lab worked across USAID and the international development community using science, technology, innovation, and partnerships (STIP) to help USAID and its partner countries accelerate the achievement of their development objectives (DOs). To evaluate progress against its strategy, this evaluation was conducted to understand how, through priority engagements with the West Africa Regional and Uganda Missions, the Lab is increasing the application of STIP throughout the Program Cycle and building STIP capacity within the Agency to increase STIP integration. The Lab plans to use this evaluation's findings to understand better its role in enabling Missions to integrate STIP and help hone the Lab’s strategies toward achieving the second part of its mission.\n \nThe evaluation employed a qualitative methodology, and data sources included documentation provided by the Lab and the Missions and crucial informant- and group information interviews (KIIs and GIIs) with staff. A purposive sample of interviewees was compiled for the evaluation to selectively interview key staff engaged in STIP activities and those in leadership positions. There were no significant limitations in the evaluation; however, more Lab services have been implemented in the Uganda Mission, so most Lab interviewees had engagements with the Uganda Mission, and fewer had engaged with the West Africa Regional Mission.\n", + "Key Findings": "1. There are mixed views on the Lab’s role in increasing understanding of and capacity to use STIP.\n\n2. STIP is integrated at the strategic level more holistically when it is a guiding principle in the Country Development Cooperation Strategy/Regional Development Cooperation Strategy.\n\n3. Missions request more demand-driven services.\n\n4. STIP integration depends on many factors for implementing partners.", + "Key Recommendations": "● Create an online module of the STIP Integration training to make it easily accessible for Missions around the world.\n● Solicit feedback from Mission staff regarding additional specific STIP knowledge gaps.\n● Examine where GIS expertise might be needed in the Missions to provide additional support given the high demand for this type of service.\n● Continue hosting a STIP forum annually or bi-annually to share lessons learned and best practices around the application of STIP in strategies, projects, and activities.\n● Explore the possibility of working with relevant Mission teams to encourage STIP learning via a learning agenda or other mechanisms, such as an internal STIP integration competition, brown bags, etc.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00N4ST.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Business Services", + "Transportation and Warehousing", + "Processing & Manufacturing" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Real Impact Analytics", + "Carana", + "AgroWays" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships", + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Conflict" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Local Business", + "Multi-national Business", + "For-profit approach that generates sustainable income", + "Formal Sector" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2017" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "MSI" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Colombia", + "Indonesia", + "Malawi", + "Mexico", + "Philippines", + "Vietnam", + "Guatemala", + "Bangladesh" + ], + "Document ID": "1709-Manag-MLT", + "Document Title": "Performance Evaluation of Enhancing Capacity for Low Emission Development Strategies (EC-LEDS)", + "Document Summary": "This report presents the findings, conclusions, and recommendations from a performance evaluation of the Enhancing Capacity for Low Emission Development Strategies (EC-LEDS) program. The Global Climate Change Office in the Bureau for Economic Growth, Education, and Environment of the United States Agency for International Development (USAID/E3/GCC) commissioned the evaluation. The E3 Analytics and Evaluation Project designed and conducted the assessment. The purpose of the review, which focused on the first five years of EC-LEDS (FY2010 – FY2015), was to review the program’s progress and make recommendations for the next five years of implementation. \n\nThis evaluation used a mixed-methods approach incorporating a range of primarily qualitative data methods with quantitative analysis to analyze program outcomes. This analysis identified key interventions and mapped these to program outcomes. Qualitative research components were built on a desk review framework, key informant interviews, and a multi-site field visit approach in six countries (Colombia, Indonesia, Malawi, Mexico, the Philippines, and Vietnam). The desk review portion of this evaluation, which reviewed available project implementation reports from the selected EC-LEDS implementing mechanisms, was most beneficial for comprehensively identifying the program’s development outcomes. Fieldwork examined the contribution of EC-LEDS actions to development outcomes with additional data gathered through phone calls to several USAID missions. \n\nThe evaluation faced several challenges inherent to multi-site evaluations of large-scale programs composed of disparate activities. Limitations included a lack of available data for some programs, data inconsistency, and the complications of varying country contexts and how they affect the program. The EC-LEDS program has not systematically tracked the development of LEDS capacity across its portfolio, and there was a paucity of information on partner governments’ application of acquired capacity in terms of progress in transitioning from analysis and planning to the implementation of specific emission reduction actions. To summarize progress across countries, the team adopted a DOS-USAID framework defining the stages of LEDS capacity development around planning and implementation: institutional and management arrangements established; greenhouse gas inventories developed; analysis of mitigation options completed; mitigation priorities identified; and systematic implementation with internal and external finance underway. The team assessed the six fieldwork countries against this framework, cross-referencing against multiple sources.\n", + "Key Findings": "In a relatively brief period, EC-LEDS has made great progress in helping countries adopt the tools, skills, and systems that are required to develop LEDS.\n\nEC-LEDS’s work to date is expected to achieve large quantities of emissions reductions as a result of the approaches it has applied.\n\nAssistance to support partner countries’ engagement in international climate mitigation engagement has been effective by building the capacity required to conduct GHG emissions measurement and analysis.\n\nThe WoG approach has worked well in enabling the development of country-level plans to support low emission development planning, in accessing a range of high-level technical assistance from specialized U.S. Government agencies, and in coordinating with EC-LEDS partner countries to prioritize and address needs.", + "Key Recommendations": "Considering the significant progress achieved to develop national LEDS, USAID should reassess the capacity needs of partner countries in key LEDS areas.\n\nContinue to focus on removing barriers to clean energy implementation.\n\nContinue to support the analysis of mitigation options, as needed: each EC-LEDS country should receive continued support in data analysis of GHG inventories, cost-benefit analysis, and marginal abatement cost curves, if required to further define and implement their mitigation priorities.\n\nContinue to manage the program as per the current structure; however, revisit the performance reporting system to standardize performance information reporting across agencies and to focus on assessment of capacity achievements as per core LEDS components and the implementation of LEDS-related mitigation actions.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.climatelinks.org/sites/default/files/asset/document/2017_USAID_Performance%20evaluation%20of%20EC-LEDS.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Processing & Manufacturing", + "Energy", + "Business Services" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Tetra Tech", + "Walt Disney Company" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Environment/Climate Change" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Large Enterprise", + "Local Business", + "American Business", + "For-profit approach that generates sustainable income", + "Formal Sector", + "Multi-national Business" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2017" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Susan Minushkin" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Vietnam" + ], + "Document ID": "1709-Minus-VNM", + "Document Title": "Performance Evaluation of USAID's Governance for Inclusive Growth (GIG) Program", + "Document Summary": "The USAID Governance for Inclusive Growth (GIG) Program is USAID's primary activity for cooperation with the public and private sectors in Vietnam to enhance areas of governance to facilitate broader-based economic growth, with an emphasis on legal frameworks and systems for accountability. GIG's performance evaluation was conducted to provide USAID with information to improve GIG's performance, articulate GIG's results for the governance and economic growth sectors, and inform the design and implementation of USAID's future economic growth and governance programming. Aligning with the objective, this report presents the findings, conclusions, and recommendations from a mid-term performance evaluation of the GIG project. The assessment examines the GIG Program's intervention logic, assesses GIG's performance with a focus on management, coordination and planning, staffing, and technical expertise mobilization, and identifies lessons learned from GIG implementation. \n\nThe evaluation team reviewed project documents and internal management documents. The evaluation team also reviewed documents external to the project, such as issue documents and relevant literature. The team conducted semi-structured interviews with representatives of key counterpart organizations, ad-hoc partners, and social organizations, using a standardized interview instrument that the team members used as a guide to direct the conversations. Key informants were purposively identified through the document review.\n\nThe evaluation team identified two limitations: i) Lack of Baseline Information: The project did not collect baseline information for the KRAs, nor were the key concepts in the KRAs defined. What baseline information does exist is insufficient to measure the change in the KRAs without clear definitions of the concepts, and ii) Respondent Bias: Key informants constitute the primary source of information for answering all evaluation questions. Interview data is subject to cognitive biases, including recall bias.", + "Key Findings": "By and large, GIG has largely achieved or exceeded the output indicator targets in its M&E Plan.\n\nWhile GIG has experienced success in parts of its intervention, there remain some important shortfalls in its design, implementation, and performance.\n\nThere is a lack of a clear logical connection between the output indicators and the KRAs, and somewhat differing understandings between the GVN, USAID, and GIG on the overall purpose of GIG, its objectives, and its implementation process.\n\nWhile most counterparts valued the technical support from GIG, others reported that the support they received was not useful, inconsistent, and/or led to a lack of ownership as they felt that GIG imposed its agenda or placed logistical restrictions on them that they did not consider warranted.", + "Key Recommendations": "● Establish regular, face-to-face meetings with the PMU on at least a monthly basis to discuss project implementation, operations, and performance.\n● Increase GIG transparency and information sharing with the PMU including for activity-related spending, activity budgets, funds remaining for activities, implementation constraints and opportunities, and proposed strategies.\n● Develop a sustainability strategy for the remaining implementation period.\n● Develop a learning strategy for the remaining implementation period so that the key counterparts can continue with on their own after GIG ends.\n● Develop the Year 5 work plan through frank and open conversations with the PMU, Steering Committee, and key counterparts.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00N4NM.pdf", + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Conflict", + "Youth" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Economic Growth", + "Democracy, Human Rights, & Governance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Asia" + ], + "Year": "2017" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Barbara O'Hanlon", + "Angellah Nakyanzi", + "Veronica Musembi", + "Ivan Busulwa", + "Rebecca Husband", + "Robert Okumu", + "Francis Zikusooka", + "Joy Batusa", + "Dithan Kiragga", + "Sarah Byakika", + "Timothy Musila", + "Andrew Kyambadde", + "Sandra Kebirungi" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Uganda" + ], + "Document ID": "1709-O'Hanl-UGA-A", + "Document Title": "Exploring Partnership Opportunities to Achieve Universal Health Access: 2016 Uganda Private Sector Assessment in Health ", + "Document Summary": "The Ministry of Health (MoH), with support from the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) and the World Bank Group’s Health in Africa Initiative (HIA), and the Global Finance Facility (GFF), commissioned an assessment of the private health sector in Uganda (PSA) to generate and consolidate data on private sector activities into a single document to understand better the relevance of the private sector in the Ugandan health system. \n\nThe report discusses the scope of PSA, objectives, methodology, and expected outcomes. It provides a contextual background to PPPs and describes the key segments of the private health sector, including its size and distribution in Uganda. The PSA also offers a new perspective –the landscape of the health system in which all public and private sector actors are mapped in the mixed health system. The report focuses on the policy environment and market conditions supporting the private sector’s role in Uganda’s goal to achieve UHC. It discusses the MoH stewardship of the private sector, policies enabling or hindering the private sector, and market conditions. The report analyzes trends in public and private financing of health and the different mechanisms currently used to mobilize sector resources to deliver health services and products. It also explores the dynamics in accessing financing for health services in the private sector. It presents the size and contribution of the private health sector in delivering essential health services critical to achieving UHC. Selected areas of focus are HIV/AIDS and maternal and reproductive health. The report highlights the private sector’s delivery of essential medicines, health supplies, diagnostic services, and participation in key aspects of pharmaceutical supply. With a focus on the private sector delivery of laboratory services, the report examines the role of the private sector in producing and employing human resources for health.\n\nThe PSA team proposed to adopt the approach developed by USAID called “Assessment to Action,” which includes planning, learning (collecting data), analyzing the data, validating and sharing the findings, and acting on recommendations.\n", + "Key Findings": "The private health in Uganda sector:\n Is active in all the WHO health system building blocks, not just health service delivery;\n owns and operates a significant percent of health infrastructure;\n employs most doctors, pharmacists and laboratory pathologists;\n trains an important number of health professionals; and\n Is located throughout Uganda, particularly the PNFPs in rural areas and PHPS in urban areas.", + "Key Recommendations": "Build the “policy toolbox” to govern non-state actors external to the MoH.\n\nLobby the GoU to move forward with the NHI.\n\nConduct regular National AIDS Spending Assessments to generate up-to-date data to inform planning for HIV/AIDS services.\n\nStreamline and modernize the regulatory system governing EMHS supply.\n\nStrengthen MoH capacity to assure quality.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00THHJ.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Health Care" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships", + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;", + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth", + "Conflict" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Health" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Local Business", + "Regional Business" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2017" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Andrzej Schafernaker", + "Todd Kirkbride", + "Artan Loxha", + "Ilir Zenelaj", + "Bill Mays" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Kosovo" + ], + "Document ID": "1709-Schaf-KOS", + "Document Title": "Project Appraisal Document Evaluation Report", + "Document Summary": "The Project Appraisal Document (PAD) Evaluation Report assesses several activities launched in support of the economic growth Development Objective (DO2) and its corresponding Intermediate Results (IRs), Sub-IRs, and goals as part of the implementation of the USAID Country Development Cooperation Strategy 2014-2018. Rather than evaluating each activity separately, the PAD evaluation elucidates whether and how the associated activities worked together to achieve their common goals and strategic objectives. The report gathers information from various actors within the public and private sectors to assess the performance of PAD activities and to answer several key evaluation questions related to the activities’ achievements, coordination, and lessons learned. The evaluation team performed an unbiased assessment of this effort. It was mindful that the results of this evaluation would inform the creation of the new FY2019-2022 CDCS in the latter part of 2017.\n\nThe evaluation team conducted the Kosovo PAD evaluation using a mixed-methods (MM) approach, which integrated quantitative and qualitative data collection, analysis, and interpretation. The evaluation team conducted a MM evaluation because the approach: (1) strengthens the reliability of data and the validity of the findings and recommendations, (2) broadens and deepens the understanding of the mechanisms through which PAD achieves its economic development outcomes and impacts, and (3) integrates contextual factors that affect how activities under the PAD are implemented. \n\nThe evaluation team did not set out to conduct an in-depth evaluation of any one part of the Kosovo PAD but rather to assess how all PAD activities work together to drive economic development. To evaluate PAD activities, the evaluation team conducted: (1) a desk review of key documents related to the PAD and analysis of implementing partner monitoring and evaluation (M&E) data; (2) key informant interviews and focus group discussions with key stakeholder groups within Pristina and in four cities outside of Pristina, including Prizren, Peja, Ferizaj, and Mitrovice, which are all areas covered by the PAD’s activities; and (3) an enterprise survey of Kosovar businesses, including PAD beneficiaries and a group of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) that did not receive support from the PAD Project.\n", + "Key Findings": "The PAD Project activities are implementing the Kosovo CDCS for DO2, performing in accordance with expectations and even exceeding targets in some cases.\n\nThe enterprise survey indicates notable differences in workforce growth between the PAD activity beneficiary and comparison groups respectively, which reinforces the view that these activities made a useful contribution to workforce growth in Kosovo.\n\nBoth the Government of Kosovo and SME beneficiaries stated that they benefited from the PAD Projects because of the close partnership in implementing important reforms, and improving\ncompetitiveness of enterprises by introducing new technologies, as well as creating market linkages to increase sales and exports.\n\nWhether through formal or informal mechanisms, PAD Activities to date have coordinated and collaborated with a wide range of stakeholders, whether with USAID implementing partners or with other multilateral or bilateral organizations, thereby avoiding duplication of interventions, although it is possible to find examples of donors working in the same area without cooperation.\n\nThe main PAD Project’s competitiveness and job creation activities, EMPOWER PS and AGRO, were not designed to address challenges with respect to women or minority enterprises or job creation; however, both have cooperated with minor PAD Project activities, namely the Kosovo Cluster Business Support (KCBS) activities specially designed to tackle minority business development in North Kosovo, as well as the DO1 Advancing Kosovo Together (AKT) activities.", + "Key Recommendations": "Improve linkage between Activity IR and Project Results.\n\nMove away from grants for enterprises.\n\nThe PAD Project faces a significant number of important challenges that USAID should address in future projects.\n\nFuture PAD activities should continue to apply a mix of formal and informal mechanisms for collaboration between USAID activities.\n\nUSAID should consider building a long-term component strategy within the CDCS to support local organizations within minority communities to work in concert with the government and other donor programs.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00MZS2.pdf", + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth", + "Conflict" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Europe and Eurasia" + ], + "Year": "2017" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Sustainable Water Partnership" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "1709-SWP-MLT", + "Document Title": "Improving Water Security", + "Document Summary": "Population growth, urbanization, industrialization, rising living standards, and Westernized diets are likely to increase water resources' over-extraction and pollution. This will raise insecurity and uncertainty over water access and the vulnerability of communities and infrastructure to natural disasters. This is the first in a series of six toolkits that presents an effective and efficient process to address water risks, including long-term water stresses that constrain social and economic development and sudden shocks that can quickly ruin the health and livelihoods of vulnerable populations. It briefly introduces water security and a detailed walkthrough of SWP’s five-step Water Security Improvement (WSI) process.\n\nThe toolkit highlights that improving water security involves focusing actors and resources on key water risks. It is also about collaboratively planning and implementing specific activities to mitigate risks and provide tangible benefits to water users. Activities may include gray and green infrastructure (including improved operation and maintenance of existing infrastructure), awareness-raising and behavior change campaigns, management, and policy and institutional improvements (such as better data and better-informed decision-making). Improving water security must be a cross-sectoral theme. Development strategies and investments that ignore water security usually fall short of their objectives when water issues and conflicts undermine political and social cohesion, supply and value chains, public and environmental health, service delivery, and infrastructure operation.", + "Key Findings": "The report is part of a series of toolkits created to present an efficient process that tackles water risks that have consequences for health, livelihoods and social and economic development. \n\nIt lays out the Water Security Improvement (WSI) process which is as follows:\n- Confirm the demand and need for a WSI process, ensure governmental and financial support, and formally start the process\n- Step 1: Focus the process by identifying which actors to engage and defining the scope (geographic area, timescale, and priority water risks)\n- Step 2: Assess the situation by conducting technical, institutional/management, and risk studies to provide an understanding of current and likely future water security\n- Step 3: Plan by defining, analyzing, comparing, and selecting relevant water security activities while identifying and securing financing\n- Step 4: Implement water security activities that target priority water risks and provide tangible benefits to stakeholders\n- Step 5: Monitor the progress and performance of implementation, building the adaptive capacity of all actors and guiding activity adjustments as needed\n\nThis toolkit details the information needed for implementing step 1 of WSI process.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.issuelab.org/resources/28249/28249.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Other" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Winrock International", + "Tetra Tech", + "International Union for the Conservation of Nature", + "World Resources Institute", + "Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI)" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities", + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge", + "Reputation and Credible Convening Power" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Advancing Learning and Market Research;", + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID", + "Sustainable Water Partnership" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Environment/Climate Change", + "Peace & Security", + "Agriculture and Food Security" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Regional Business", + "Micro, Small, or Medium Enterprise" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2017" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Winrock International" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "1709-USAID-GLO", + "Document Title": "Private Sector Engagement in the Water Security Improvement Process", + "Document Summary": "Improving the sustainability of a watershed requires active engagement with all major water users — particularly private sector actors, which can be significant, impactful, and politically influential water users. However, engaging the private sector in broader water security efforts requires understanding their motivations and drivers, including their water risks and business opportunities.\n\nThe Private Sector Engagement in the Water Security Improvement Process report provides an essential highlight on motivations and drivers for private sector action on the water, water-related risks, water stewardship progression, understanding the role of the private sector in water security, types of private sector partners, and implementing private sector engagement. \n\nThe report suggests there are three main principles to keep in mind when engaging with the private sector: i) Engaging the private sector on water security is most effective when presented both as a way to address water-related business risks and as a business opportunity, ii) Industry sectors that have the most significant water footprint (apparel, beverage, mining, etc.) have developed water stewardship plans and can be helpful to partners and champions when engaging SMEs, who are often suppliers in their industry sector for efforts around water security, and iii) SMEs are often part of bigger value chains.\n", + "Key Findings": "There are three main principles to keep in mind when engaging with the private sector:\n1) Engaging the private sector on water security is most effective when presented both as a way to address water-related business risks and as a business opportunity.\n2) Industry sectors that have the largest water footprint (apparel, beverage, mining, etc.) have developed water stewardship plans, and can be useful partners and champions when engaging SMEs, who are often suppliers in their industry sector for efforts around water security.\n3) SMEs are often part of bigger value chains, though not always. A two-pronged – top-down and bottom-up – approach, working with MNCs but also with local industry associations, may be the best way to engage SMEs. For both SMEs and MNCs, it is often important to dialogue with neutral brokers (e.g., consulting firms or NGOs) along with local government officials or water managers on basics of water stress, risk and business opportunities.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.swpwater.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Private-Sector-Engagement-in-the-Water-Security-Improvement-Process.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Retail", + "Food & Beverage", + "Chemicals", + "Energy", + "Hospitality/Tourism", + "Mining & Extractives", + "Technology", + "Financial Services" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Tetra Tech", + "IUCN", + "mWater", + "Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI)", + "World Resources Institute", + "The CEO Water Mandate", + "H&M", + "Hansae", + "Lucretia", + "Coca Cola", + "AB Inbev", + "Dow", + "Dupont", + "Exelon", + "Unilever", + "Nestle", + "General Mills", + "KB Home", + "Hovnanian", + "Hilton", + "Rio Tinto", + "BP", + "Chevron", + "Royal Dutch Shell", + "Intel", + "Veolia", + "Suez", + "Grundfos", + "Netafim", + "Dyecoo", + "Oxymen", + "Banco de Brasil", + "Bank of America", + "Norwegian Pension Fund", + "GIZ", + "Kiva" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Ability to Influence Policy", + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships", + "Reputation and Credible Convening Power" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Health" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Multi-national Business", + "Micro, Small, or Medium Enterprise", + "Large Enterprise", + "For-profit approach that generates sustainable income", + "American Business", + "Financial Institution, Investors, and Intermediaries" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2017" + }, + { + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "1709-USAID-MLT", + "Document Title": "Improving Water Security: A process to address “too little, too much, too dirty, too erratic”", + "Document Summary": "As populations continue to grow, climate variability and change affect water availability and the frequency and severity of extreme events; achieving and maintaining water security is a fundamental development challenge. Total protection from water risks or the definitive resolution of water problems is rarely, if ever, possible. Improving water security is about building the capacity of all actors—water managers and users, businesses, and communities—to regularly assess and address water risks by mitigating their negative impacts through negotiated activities. The Water Security Improvement (WSI) process relies heavily on changing behaviors away from wasteful practices and conventional engineering approaches that often prevail in many countries. \n\nPopulation growth, urbanization, industrialization, rising living standards, and Westernized diets are likely to increase water resources' over-extraction and pollution. This will raise insecurity over water access and the vulnerability of communities and infrastructure to natural disasters. This series of toolkits presents an effective and efficient process to address water risks, including long-term water stresses that constrain development and sudden shocks that can quickly jeopardize vulnerable populations.\n\nImproving water security is about focusing actors and resources on key water risks. It is also about collaboratively planning and implementing specific activities to mitigate risks and provide tangible benefits to water users. Water security activities should combine gray and green infrastructure (including improved operation and maintenance of existing infrastructure), awareness-raising and behavior change campaigns, management, and policy and institutional improvements (such as better data and better-informed decision-making). Improving water security must be a cross-sectoral theme. Development strategies and investments that ignore water security usually fall short of their objectives when water issues undermine political and social cohesion, supply and value chains, public and environmental health, service delivery, and infrastructure operation.\n", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.issuelab.org/resource/improving-water-security-a-process-to-address-too-little-too-much-too-dirty-too-erratic.html", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Business Services", + "Other" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Winrock International", + "Tetra Tech", + "IUCN", + "mWater", + "Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI)", + "World Resources Institute", + "The CEO Water Mandate" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Efficiency and Effectiveness", + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge", + "Reputation and Credible Convening Power" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "SWP", + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Conflict" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Health", + "Education and Social Services", + "Environment/Climate Change", + "Peace & Security" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Multi-national Business", + "American Business", + "Large Enterprise", + "Formal Sector" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2017" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Anna Van Rooyen" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Haiti" + ], + "Document ID": "1709-VanRo-HTI", + "Document Title": "LMG/Haiti Final Project Report (August 2012-September, 2017)", + "Document Summary": "On behalf of the United States Agency for International Development (USAID)/Haiti, the Leadership, Management, and Governance Project in Haiti (LMG/Haiti) was a five-year project (August 1, 2012 – September 24, 2017) that worked in partnership with the Ministère de la Santé Publique et de la Population (MSPP), the World Bank, and the Haiti Country Coordinating Mechanism (CCM) to generate inspired leadership, sound management, and transparent governance for stronger health teams and organizations. Leadership, Management, and Governance Project/Haiti (LMG/Haiti) final report presents key achievements under the original scope of work for department-level activities that did not continue after December 2013, as well as the accomplishments under each of the four project objectives in the revised scope of work.\n\nThe report acknowledges the contributions the LMG/Haiti made towards developing stronger health teams and organizations and improving the health of Haitians. Project results and achievements have been widely recognized by the MSPP, USAID, CCM, RHJS, and other project partners and stakeholders and stressed the importance of collaboration and partnerships with NGOs and international and governmental agencies in building a robust health system in Haiti and acknowledged LMG/Haiti for the results achieved. It was also commended for the project’s notable achievements and partnership with the MSPP, including the developing of the PES, RBF implementation, and the various plans to improve internal and external communication—noting that these successes will play a significant role in enabling the MSPP to face present and future health challenges. As stronger leaders, managers, and governors of the health system, the MSPP and CCM will pave the way forward in creating a more resilient and responsive health system for Haitians.", + "Key Findings": "LMG/Haiti made significant contributions towards reinforcing the health sector, including the following:\n Strengthened referral networks\n Strengthened the capacity of the MSPP to develop and implement the national RBF strategy\n Developed standards and norms to better regulate and manage health services\n Strengthened HIV/TB co-infection management and monitoring\n Strengthened the capacity of the MSPP to monitor the health system", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00N1QK.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Financial Services" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "World Bank", + "Haiti Country Coordinating Mechanism (CCM)" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities", + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships", + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID", + "Management Sciences for Health" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Health" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Multi-national Business" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Latin America and the Carribean" + ], + "Year": "2017" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Leo Bill Emerson", + "Alex B. Muhweezi", + "James Thubo Ayul" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "South Sudan" + ], + "Document ID": "1710-Emers-SSD", + "Document Title": "End-of-Project Evaluation: Boma-Jonglei-Equatoria Landscape (BJEL) Program", + "Document Summary": "This is an end-of-program performance evaluation report for the Boma-Jonglei-Equatoria Landscape (BJEL) program covering 2008-2017 to assess the effectiveness, efficiency, sustainability, and impact of the BJEL program. The evaluation results will inform future programming of similar project activities by USAID/South Sudan, the implementing partner Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS), the Government of the Republic of South Sudan (GRSS) entities, and other donor organizations.\n\nThe Evaluation utilized a mixed-method approach, relying on quantitative and qualitative data from primary and secondary sources based on indicators. The Evaluation interrogated information obtained and provided responses to i) How effective was the BJEL program in achieving project objectives?, ii) Did the project achieve the proper focus and balance in terms of design, theory of change/development hypothesis, and strengthening strategies for sustainable safeguards of the wildlife population needs of South Sudan?, iii) To what extent was BJEL's operational model and project implementation cost-efficient and cost-effective in achieving the project's expected results in comparison to similar interventions in the region? iv) What critical human and institutional capacity gaps need to be addressed after this cooperative agreement ends, given increased threats and opportunities facing biodiversity conservation and capacity strengthening within the protected BJEL landscape? v) What are some of the lessons learned and recommendations for USAID/South Sudan to best support safeguards of the wildlife populations of South Sudan and the Assessment of Gender?\n\nOverall, the report highlights that the BJEL program has been a triumphant investment addressing priority wildlife conservation and natural resources management priorities and needs of South Sudan. The program has successfully established foundations for long-term conservation and demonstrated the conservation approaches relevant to South Sudan's conservation needs. The BJEL program presents a learning experience for programs or projects operating in post-conflict situations often characterized by weak government capacity for law enforcement, regulation, and policy implementation. It recommends actions and strategies aimed at consolidating the achievements, upscaling the success stories, and addressing shortcomings in the design and implementation of the program to effectively respond to the continuing challenges of wildlife conservation and sustainable natural resources management in BJEL landscape and RSS as a whole.", + "Key Findings": "The BJEL program has been a successful investment addressing priority wildlife conservation and natural resources management priorities and needs of South Sudan. The program has successfully established foundations for long-term conservation and demonstrated the conservation approaches that are relevant to conservation needs in the South Sudan. The primary goal of ensuring the survival of the wildlife population has been reasonably realized, but more investments are needed to consolidate these foundations. The program has satisfactorily achieved performance indicators in the Performance Monitoring Report (PMP), with exceptional performance in targets for patrols and aerial surveys. Given the prevailing political and security environment, the progress made by the program is commendable since the factors that hindered better performance were external to the program.", + "Key Recommendations": "Wildlife and natural resources management:\nContinue to provide support implementation of park management plans for Bandingilo and Boma National Parks focusing on capacities for anti-poaching, conflict management and wildlife\nmanagement.\n\nLivelihood improvement:\nIncrease supports to local NGO partners to enable them consolidate and scale up livelihood activities support and peace building initiatives.\n\nImproving policy performance:\nLobby for approval of the following policy and legal frameworks and guidelines that were prepared in concluded phase: i) National Tourism Strategy and associated regulation; ii) Strategic Plan for the National Resources Management Group (NRMG); iii) proposals for extending the size of protected areas; iv) Natural Resources Policy; and v) a framework for land use planning.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00SVGV.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, and Hunting", + "Business Services" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "WCS", + "MSI", + "Northern Rangelands Trust" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities", + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments", + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth", + "Conflict" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Environment/Climate Change" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Regional Business", + "For-profit approach that generates sustainable income", + "Formal Sector", + "Multi-national Business", + "Large Enterprise", + "American Business" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2017" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Mercy Corps" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Timor-Leste" + ], + "Document ID": "1710-Mercy-TLS", + "Document Title": "Final Narrative Report: The Effective Seed Storage in Timor-Leste Program", + "Document Summary": "Mercy Corps’ Effective Seed Storage (ESS), funded by the United States Agency for International Development/ Office of Foreign Disaster Assistance (USAID/OFDA), seeks to increase food security in Timor-Leste through initiatives aimed at reducing seed and harvest storage losses and maintaining better access to quality seeds. Against the backdrop of the 2015/2016 El Niño elongated drought, and other shocks and stresses in Timor-Leste, ESS’ experience of successfully implementing a market systems development (MSD) approach to achieving food security objectives in a weak market and fragile political environment offers significant lessons for programs seeking to understand how market-based approaches can contribute to resilience. The final narrative report provides the details of project activities, assessment of program performance, lessons learned, and way forward. \n\nTo understand the impact of the drought on seed system security, in May and June 2016, CRS, Mercy Corps, and CARE conducted a follow-on study on seed system security and a market assessment to determine whether cash/voucher food assistance and/or seed assistance would be an appropriate response. The evaluation was conducted in Baucau, Lautem, Viqueque, Manufahi, Covalima, and Bobonaro municipalities – areas indicated by the MAF assessment as badly impacted municipalities.\n\nWhile ESS did not explicitly set out to build resilience in its market program design, it targeted a market sector intending to reduce farmers’ production risks to increase food security. Following a secondary data review focused on ESS evaluations, annual reports, and other program documents, the assessment team conducted a resilience orientation and program mapping exercise with the ESS team to build a shared understanding of Mercy Corps’ resilience approach. The mapping exercise also helped the team clarify key shocks and stresses—their drivers in the program context, their connections, and how they affected program stakeholders. The exercise also helped the team further brainstorm where their program was helping reduce risk. This work, along with a literature review, framed the field questionnaires and identified appropriate market actors for key informant interviews (KIIs) and focus group discussions (FGDs). Field interviews helped explore: 1) which elements of the MSD approach build resilience, 2) the effectiveness and tradeoffs of applying a resilience lens to MSD programs in fragile contexts, and 3) how MSD principles can strengthen resilience.\n\n", + "Key Findings": "Assessing local preferences and risks can improve market intervention design for resilience.\n\nCarefully crafted subsidies can foster long-term access to\nresilience-building technologies.\n\nCultivating social capital and networks across farmers and market actors stimulates resilience.\n\nFailure to target gender-based norms and vulnerabilities in markets programs can undermine resilience.", + "Key Recommendations": "1. Assess stakeholder risks and needs holistically to inform MSD intervention design and partner selection\n2. Harness market systems change to catalyze risk reduction and build resilience at scale\n3. Build and leverage social networks to enhance markets’ risk-reducing potential\n4. Design smart subsidies to target immediate risks while building long-term resilience through market system change\n5. Understand and address gender-based vulnerabilities to build individual and household resilience more effectively.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00N48G.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Processing & Manufacturing" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships", + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID", + "CRS", + "Mercy Corps" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Agriculture and Food Security" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Local Business" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Asia" + ], + "Year": "2017" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Penny Dawson", + "Sabita T. Pradhan", + "Stephen Hodgins", + "Leela Khanal", + "Peter Oyloe" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Nepal" + ], + "Document ID": "1710-OYLOE-NPL", + "Document Title": "Innovative Product Development Partnership Reduced Neonatal Mortality in Nepal Through Improved Umbilical Cord Care ", + "Document Summary": "Approximately 40 percent of all newborn deaths in Nepal are attributable to neonatal infections. A randomized controlled trial conducted in Nepal in the period 2002-05 on the application of a solution of the disinfectant chlorhexidine to umbilical cord stumps of newborns showed a reduced risk of infections and death. In response to these results, the Government of Nepal and various partners mobilized to deliver this simple, low-cost intervention on a national scale. We describe the design, development, and maturation of a partnership among the government, technical assistance agencies, and a local pharmaceutical company to create a suitable, commercially available gel product to reduce newborn infections. Essential contributors to the partnership's effectiveness included having a for-profit pharmaceutical company as a fully engaged partner; having responsive, flexible relationships among the partners that evolved over time; and paying attention to competition within the private sector. A less formalized arrangement among partners allowed them to build trust in each other over time. Government stewardship of the program throughout the scale-up process ensured that policy and systems integration were aligned as the program matured.", + "Key Findings": "A randomized controlled trial conducted in Nepal in the period 2002-05 on the application of a solution of the disinfectant chlorhexidine to umbilical cord stumps of newborns showed a reduced risk of infections and death. \n\nIn this study, our findings suggest that an approach that involved a private-sector partner beginning in the early stages; ensured formal government recognition of private-sector contributions; and maintained flexibility in partnership models between the government, technical groups, aid agencies, and the private sector throughout the development process was critical to the successful national scale-up of a low-cost innovation. Government stewardship of the program evolved with the scale-up period, from creating conditions to test product formulations and introduction approaches to integrating chlorhexidine into government and health systems and ultimately financing and procuring the product.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.healthaffairs.org/doi/pdf/10.1377/hlthaff.2017.0548", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Pharmaceuticals" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Lomus Pharmaceuticals" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;", + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Global Health Policy" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Health" + ], + "Type of Document": "Peer-reviewed article or other research report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "For-profit Commercial Entity" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Asia" + ], + "Year": "2017" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Kerina Tull" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "1710-TULL-GLO", + "Document Title": "Innovative WASH options in situations of severe overcrowding", + "Document Summary": "A rapid review of the literature has found a selection of innovative WASH options available for situations of severe population overcrowding and limited spaces. Case study information was collated from African, Middle Eastern, South Asian and Caribbean countries. As requested, a number of experts were consulted for their opinion where there was a lack of project evaluations or grey literature.", + "Key Findings": "The private sector can play a pivotal role in bridging water and sanitation service delivery gaps by partnering with the public sector to provide innovative and low-cost water and sanitation solutions to the poor", + "Key Recommendations": "While conclusive evidence on the value and use of innovation prizes will only emerge at the end of the programme in 2019, IMC Worldwide can already draw three key lessons based on their experience (Ideas to Inpact, 2015):\n1. Know your local context and stakeholders: These relationships and networks can ensure that the design of the prize is relevant. It also allows creation of strong links to the prize participant community, to identify and understand those who will benefit from the winning solutions in these countries.\n2. Cast your net wide and know your pool of participants\nA primary benefit of innovation prizes is their ability to reach many potential new participants with innovative ideas. Understanding which type of solvers you should target and how to incentivise them helps to attract the right attention to a prize and results in workable solutions.\n3. Support applicants and level the playing field: The winning initiatives that are emerging from Ideas to Impact suggest that innovation prizes can stimulate creative solutions. A clear objective, a moderately large but well-defined pool of potential problem solvers and an enabling environment are essential ingredients is still necessary, as is the willingness of participants to bear some of the costs and risks.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://opendocs.ids.ac.uk/opendocs/handle/20.500.12413/13359", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Telecommunications", + "Financial Services", + "Technology" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "GSM Association (GSMA)", + "Kericho Water and Sanitation Company", + "BRCK" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities", + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;", + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Knowledge, Evidence, and Learning for Development (K4D)" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Humanitarian Assistance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "For-profit Commercial Entity", + "Large Enterprise", + "Financial Institution, Investors, and Intermediaries", + "Micro, Small, or Medium Enterprise" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2017" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Seychelles" + ], + "Document ID": "1710-USAID-SYC", + "Document Title": "Restoring Coral Reefs in the Face of Climate Change in the Seychelles: An Ecosystem-based Adaptation Approach", + "Document Summary": "The USAID/Southern Africa Regional Mission’s Reef Rescuers Project is implemented by the non-governmental organization Nature Seychelles. It focuses on restoring damaged coral reefs in Seychelles to increase their resilience and reduce the vulnerability of coastal communities to storms, floods, and sea level rise. This brief summarizes the project background, key ecosystem-based adaptation activities, approaches to maximizing the effectiveness of coral reef restoration, and strategies to support and sustain ecosystem-based adaptation.\n\nThe report highlights the key activities that include: i) Harvest small, healthy coral fragments from reefs that survived the 1998 bleaching event without high coral mortality, create stocks of healthy coral colonies on suspended rope nurseries, and transplant them to degraded areas once they reach an appropriate size, ii) Monitor coral bleaching and fish populations to compare the resilience of transplanted areas with control areas and to evaluate project impacts on biodiversity and ecosystem services, and iii) Train stakeholders, including marine protected area managers, on the principles of reef restoration, how to build mid-water nurseries and how to transplant corals onto degraded sites. This report features several innovative approaches that are important to their combined effectiveness as a climate change adaptation strategy, such as working at a meaningful scale, designing pilots to minimize outside threats, maximizing the opportunity for resilience, and allowing adequate time for assessment and validation. In its highlights, the report shares the strategies to support and sustain ecosystem-based adaptation that includes: i) Expanding EbA application through targeted private sector engagement, ii) Promoting knowledge transfer through strong communications efforts, iii) Supporting relevant policy processes, and iv) Developing a business model to support the sustainability of restoration efforts.", + "Key Findings": "12 Mid-water nurseries built and cultivated with ~40,000 coral fragments from 32 species.\n\n5x increase in fish abundance and three-fold increase in fish species diversity was noted in project sites as compared with baseline.\n\n5,225 square meters of coral reef transplanted with cultivated coral colonies.\n\n11,000 coral colonies transplanted onto degraded sites.", + "Key Recommendations": "Expand EbA application through targeted private sector engagement.\n\nPromote knowledge transfer through strong communications efforts.\n\nSupport relevant policy processes.\n\nDevelop a business model to support the sustainability of restoration efforts. ", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.climatelinks.org/sites/default/files/asset/document/2017_USAID_Restoring%20Coral%20Reefs%20in%20the%20Face%20of%20Climate%20Change%20in%20the%20Seychelles.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Hospitality/Tourism" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Constance Lemuria Resort", + "Octopus Diving Center" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Environment/Climate Change" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Local Business", + "For-profit approach that generates sustainable income", + "Formal Sector" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2017" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "IMPAQ" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Bosnia and Herzegovina" + ], + "Document ID": "1711-IMPAQ-BIH-A", + "Document Title": "Building Civil Society in Bosnia and Herzegovina: Performance Evaluation of USAID/BIH 1999-2004 Democracy Network (DEMNET)", + "Document Summary": "This evaluation was commissioned by the U.S. Agency for International Development in Bosnia and Herzegovina (USAID/BiH) to examine USAID/BiH 1999–2004 civil society sector intervention Democracy Network (DemNet). This unique evaluation looks at the intervention from a considerable time distance (13 years). Its focus is on the main long-term legacies and perceived influence of DemNet. DemNet aimed to strengthen local non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) by improving their organizational and service-providing capacities. The intervention was delivered in two phases. It included training and technical assistance (delivery of customized support packages to NGOs), grants (to reinforce the former), exit strategy (development of resource centers for NGOs), and coalition-building. The evaluation focuses on the 28 core DemNet NGO beneficiaries and answers three research questions. The first question examines how sustainable these DemNet core NGOs have been in the long run and to what extent they have used DemNet's experience and assistance in building their capacity. The second question examines how successful these NGOs were in the long run as leaders in BiH civil society. The third question examines NGO coalitions formed through DemNet, their success in public advocacy, and the long-term influence of the DemNet experience in coalition building. The evaluation team employed a mixed-methods approach to answer each evaluation question through triangulation. In addition to reviewing DemNet design and implementation documents, the team conducted 60 semi-structured interviews, held a roundtable discussion with core DemNet beneficiaries, conducted an online survey of 56 DemNet beneficiary and non-beneficiary NGOs, conducted a case study of three beneficiaries, and conducted media content analysis (706 articles analyzed). \n\nThe report shows that perceptions of the DemNet legacy are overwhelmingly positive. Twenty of the 28 DemNet core NGO beneficiaries are still active. They credit DemNet for building their institutional capacities, most notably in the development of sound organizational structures, procedures, and divisions of responsibilities. They said that DemNet’s implementation approach distinguished it from other civil society sector interventions at the time of DemNet and afterward. They perceived several aspects of implementation as effective: (1) tailoring the intervention to the needs of the post-conflict transitional period; (2) tailoring the assistance to the needs of individual NGOs, based on extensive assessment and intensive one-on-one mentorship; (3) pacing and sequencing assistance in a way that enabled beneficiaries to apply newly acquired knowledge; (4) including a variety of different types of NGOs, but focusing primarily on service providers dealing with marginalized populations, and (5) ensuring geographic and ethnic representation.\n", + "Key Findings": "Beneficiary respondents noted that the most important contribution of the intervention was the development of sound organizational structures, procedures, and division of responsibilities.\n\nThe particularly positive side of DemNet is that NGOs learned what their role is in a democratic society.\n\nRespondents agreed that the DemNet implementation methodology and approach were well prepared and executed.", + "Key Recommendations": "1. Conduct a thorough needs assessment at the country level and at the level of potential beneficiaries at the beginning of the program.\n\n2. Ensure that program implementers have expertise specifically in post-conflict transitional contexts and in local contexts.\n\n3. Carefully select NGO beneficiaries to ensure representation of the country’s diversities and geographic areas and participation of various types of NGOs.", + "Internet URL of Document": "http://www.measurebih.com/uimages/DemNet20Evaluation20Final20Report20MEASURE-BiH201208201720FINAL.pdf", + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Reputation and Credible Convening Power" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth", + "Conflict" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Democracy, Human Rights, & Governance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Europe and Eurasia" + ], + "Year": "2017" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "IMPAQ" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Bosnia and Herzegovina" + ], + "Document ID": "1711-IMPAQ-BIH-B", + "Document Title": "Expanding USAID's Network of Development Partners Through Development Grants Program (DGP): Performance Evaluation of the 2010-2013 USAID DGP in Bosnia and Herzegovina", + "Document Summary": "This evaluation is commissioned by the U.S. Agency for International Development in Bosnia and Herzegovina (USAID/BiH), in line with USAID’s Evaluation Policy, to examine the 2010-2013 USAID/BiH Development Grants Program (DGP). The DGP’s goal was to expand USAID’s local NGO (LNGO) network of development partners and to provide capacity-building assistance to the new partners by supporting their initiatives. The purpose of this performance evaluation was to examine past and current relationships between the USAID Mission and the six LNGOs and the results of the capacity-building part of the DGP: the extent to which the program increased the technical and organizational capacities of grantees and improved their sustainability and flexibility, enabling them to respond rapidly to the evolving needs of their beneficiaries,\n\nThe evaluation examines how the work of the implementing LNGOs’ grantees was perceived and valued by end beneficiaries, whether the LNGOs' capacities changed because of their partnership with USAID, and whether they sustained their development efforts. The performance evaluation of the DGP provides analysis, conclusions, and recommendations on the nature of the USAID/BiH Mission’s outreach and relationships with LNGOs in BiH. It examines its post-DGP ability to partner with non-traditional partners in BiH directly. The evaluation outlines lessons learned and practical, action-oriented recommendations for designing and implementing potential similar future initiatives. The assessment was carried out in four phases: (i) the preparatory phase; (ii) the field data collection phase; (iii) data processing and analysis and report drafting; and (iv) report finalization and presentation.\n\nThe Evaluation Team employed a mixed-method approach to design this performance evaluation. The first three evaluation questions examined the impact of the 2010-2013 USAID/BiH Development Grants Program on the USAID/BiH Mission’s post-DGP ability to partner directly with non-traditional partners in BiH. The last three questions examined: implementation and how the work of the implementing LNGOs was perceived and valued by end beneficiaries; challenges faced by the LNGOs in meeting USAID program requirements; whether the LNGOs’ capacities changed because of their partnership with USAID; and whether they sustained their development efforts. To answer these questions, the evaluation team reviewed the LNGO grantees’ documentation and conducted semi-structured interviews with end beneficiaries, management staff of the LNGO grantees, key USAID/BiH Mission staff, non-beneficiary LNGOs, and other stakeholders.\n", + "Key Findings": "The 2010–2013 Development Grants Program significantly increased the USIAD/BiH Mission’s ability to partner with non-traditional partners in the economic growth sector.\n\nFour of the six LNGOs achieved all the output level targeted indicator values, but overall development effects were rather modest at the higher level of outcome results.\n\nRegarding lack of governments’ support for DGP activities, CRP’s activity failed to assist 10,000 farmers due to the absence of government drought adaptation support measures.", + "Key Recommendations": "To transfer more activities to local prime implementing partners, EDO’s resources should be augmented and some interventions implemented by local prime implementing partners.\n\nTo increase the likelihood of success of interventions implemented by local prime implementing partners in the economic growth sector, a new pre-award assessment tool should be introduced.\n\nRisk management should be improved, and AOR/COR involvement should be frequent and substantive throughout implementation.", + "Internet URL of Document": "http://www.measurebih.com/uimages/THE202010-201320USAID20BiH20DGP20EVALUATION20FINAL20REPORT2C20edited2C2012072017.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, and Hunting" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Micro, Small, or Medium Enterprise" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Europe and Eurasia" + ], + "Year": "2017" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Virginia Lambert", + "Ashraf Bakr", + "Doaa Mohammed", + "Ola Hussein Hosny", + "Tamer Said", + "Youmna Khalil", + "May Gadallah" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Egypt" + ], + "Document ID": "1711-Lambe-EGY-B", + "Document Title": "Final Performance Evaluation of the Egypt STEM Schools Project (ESSP)", + "Document Summary": "The USAID Egypt STEM Schools Project (ESSP) supports the Ministry of Education (MOE) initiative to upgrade the quality of Egyptian education in science and mathematics through the establishment of a network of public secondary schools specializing in STEM subjects (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics). This End-of-Project Performance Evaluation was carried out by the USAID/Egypt Services to Improve Performance and Enhance Learning and Evaluation (SIMPLE) activity. The evaluation purpose has two parts: (1) To review, analyze, and evaluate the achievement of the objectives and (2) To provide recommendations and lessons learned to ensure that the ESSP activities contribute to the continuation of the change process initiated by the ministry. The achievements of the ESSP are measured by whether the process of innovation and change continues.\n\nThe assessment used a mixed methods approach to data collection and analysis to provide quantitative and qualitative data for a broad spectrum of stakeholders. Qualitative data were collected in the schools and in Cairo. In Cairo, the team interviewed all members of the Central STEM Unit, USAID project officials, and multiple representatives of the implementing organizations. The team also held two group discussions with STEM school graduates. The team supplemented the qualitative findings with quantitative data collected in three anonymous online surveys with students, teachers, and graduates. The third data source was 54 classroom observations (six per school) using the tool developed by the ESSP for STEM (i.e., the Classroom Observation Scale or COS) and conducted by trained MOE observers during the school visits. Finally, the team used quantitative data from published secondary sources, the ESSP monitoring database, and ESSP reports to contextualize qualitative findings and document project deliverables.\n\nLimitations to the analysis due to the methodology were minor. For the qualitative data collection, the principal constraint, especially in the schools, was the scheduled time. Discussion groups are frequently pushed beyond the one-hour limit. Limitations for the quantitative data centered on online rather than paper-and-pencil surveys. Although the response rates were adequate, the gaps, especially for graduates, probably introduced unknown response bias. The most severe limitation of the online surveys for teachers and students was the incidence of missing responses, which increased exponentially toward the end of the questionnaires. This suggests problems of poor Internet quality in STEM schools.", + "Key Findings": "The achievements of the MOE STEM School initiative are concrete, visible, and positive (i.e., fully functioning schools that demonstrate the success of the educational model in generating high levels of\nachievement among students and graduates). Implementation has occurred through a collaborative and participatory process, with a conscious plan to ensure that the model and development process are fully Egyptian, and integrated into the MOE institutional structure. The strong sense of commitment and ownership voiced by stakeholders at all levels, in the schools and in the ministry, attest to the impact of this approach.", + "Key Recommendations": "USAID should support the MOE to develop a comprehensive plan for institutionalizing the STEM school model, addressing fundamental governance structures and arrangements, both within and outside the ministry, at the central, governorate, and school levels.\n\nIn response to teacher uncertainty and dissatisfaction, the MOE, through PAT, should define the parameters of the career path for STEM teachers, within the provisions of the Special Cadre for Teachers Law, and institutionalize a corresponding professional development system.\n\nUSAID should collaborate with the MOE to explore alternative approaches to partnering with the private sector and the community, based on a mutually beneficial relationship, and draw upon the experience in the US with partnerships between private firms and government entities.\n\nThe MOE should ensure that an efficient and reliable management mechanism is in place, with adequate financial resources for infrastructure, equipment maintenance, and supplies.\n\nUSAID and the Central STEM Unit should expand the mechanisms for strengthening and supporting teachers, within the schools and during the work week, building on the emerging experience with team teaching, coaching and mentoring, and peer support networks.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00N777.pdf", + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Education and Social Services" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Middle East" + ], + "Year": "2017" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Helgard Muller", + "Neil Macleod", + "Mike Muller", + "Ian Palmer", + "Geraldine Schoeman" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "South Africa" + ], + "Document ID": "1711-Mulle-ZAF", + "Document Title": "Africa, WASH, and the Millennium Development Goals: A Local Systems Case Study of How South Africa Achieved MDG Target 7c", + "Document Summary": "Democratic dispensation in 1994 created a political and social platform that reshaped life in South Africa. There was a surge in the common belief that the inequity and wrongs of Apartheid should and could be rectified. Equity of access to water and sanitation were obvious targets for improvement. In 1994, an estimated 14–15 million South Africans were without access to an improved water supply, while nearly 21 million—more than half of the population at that time—did not have access to improved sanitation facilities. These problems were most severe in poorer rural areas. The water and sanitation sector became unified by the vision of universal access for all South Africans. This case study documents the industry's progression between 1994 and 2016 and analyzes the impact of local systems created in South Africa to respond to the water and sanitation challenge.\n\nThe final part of this report focuses on the important shifts being taken to get the South African water sector back on track toward a vision of the SDGs. The resolution is complex, with many issues that need urgent attention, and priorities and capacity may be available to a different extent than during the Golden Era. Fundamental changes are required to increase transparency, improve governance, and simplify institutional relationships. A \"back-to-basics program\" is needed, especially concerning sectoral leadership, coordination, and management. An essential step is for municipalities and Water Boards to improve their financial viability.\n\nAppreciative Inquiry was used for this review to evaluate country systems and key driving factors that led to the national government's ability to reach MDG Target 7c. Appreciative Inquiry is an approach that allows investigators to move beyond the simple and all-too-common identification of challenges to success or achievement. A much more vital effort, Appreciative Inquiry continues beyond describing the challenges, which is simple to do and not particularly beneficial. Instead, Appreciative Inquiry captures how challenges were met, how messy and complex conditions were addressed, and how lessons learned from success and failure were adapted into new efforts and management approaches.\n\n", + "Key Findings": "• It was essential to have an enabling environment created by political will and commitment, clear targets, and a foundation of concise and practical policies and legislation.\n• The Government was prepared to commit significant, multi-year funding from the national treasury to ensure equity and access.\n• The Golden Era was comprehensively based on collaboration, cooperation, and a keen sense of being part of a team working toward a greater good.\n• DWAF was technically competent with solid, committed, and professional staff.\n• Because the municipalities were well staffed and competent, DWAF could focus on extending water supply to the underserved in weaker municipalities and more rural areas.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00TK8W.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Other" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities", + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge", + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Health" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2017" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Philanthropy Advisors", + "Vantage Partners", + "OCHA" + ], + "Document ID": "1711-OCHA-GLO", + "Document Title": "The Business Case: A study of private sector engagement in humanitarian action", + "Document Summary": "This study was motivated by an increasing public recognition that while Governments have the primary responsibility for humanitarian assistance and planning, the changing humanitarian landscape and needs can no longer be addressed effectively by humanitarian actors alone. The study is aimed at three key audiences: private sector actors, the humanitarian community and Governments.\n\nThis study focuses on the perspectives of private sector actors regarding their engagement in humanitarian action, collated from a review of existing published material, 51 interviews, and a survey of 36 representatives of businesses and business foundations. Through these perceptions, this study attempts to promote a better understanding of private sector humanitarian engagement, and to encourage principled, timely and effective humanitarian action through collaboration. The results were collated and used to identify four key rationales/motivations identified by the private sector, recognizing that any specific engagement may simultaneously incorporate one or more rationales.", + "Key Findings": "Collaboration between humanitarian organizations and such companies is recognized as being increasingly essential to address the needs of people affected by humanitarian crises. The private sector in crisis-affected communities is not only severely affected but may also have the greatest impact, especially during the early stages of a humanitarian crisis. A deeper understanding of the quantitative benefits of engagement, including examples of a return on investment to local communities, humanitarian organizations, and companies, would be helpful in advocating for greater principled involvement by companies in humanitarian action around the world. Perhaps the most immediate impact can be achieved through public calls for private sector engagement, and for collaboration by governments and humanitarian organizations.\n", + "Key Recommendations": "Recommendations to businesses include: \n\n1. Involve the company’s senior management in humanitarian action and partnership strategies.\n2. Identify and understand the business rationale for engaging in humanitarian action. Based on the rationale, decide which partnerships, models of engagement and tools are the most appropriate.\n3. Devise and share custom tools and strategies to tap the potential of partnerships. Select partners according to the rationale for engagement. Define and clearly communicate the business-engagement objective.\n4. Act in accordance with humanitarian principles and international human rights standards.\n5. Monitor, follow up, evaluate and measure the business value of partnerships.\n6. Share measuring tools, techniques and results.\n7. Be transparent about intentions and motivations.\n\nRecommendations to governments include: \n\n1. Incentivize collaboration and understanding of private sector motivations for humanitarian engagement. Set up national-level collective action platforms for collaboration.\n\nRecommendations to the humanitarian community include: \n\n1. Recognize and appreciate rationales and models for engagement by companies.\n2. Enhance and continually evolve partnerships with the private sector.\n3. Include the private sector as a partner in coordinated international humanitarian response.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.unocha.org/sites/unocha/files/PSS-BusinessCase-FINAL_0.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Food & Beverage", + "Financial Services", + "Technology", + "Transportation and Warehousing", + "Educational Services", + "Business Services" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Equity Bank", + "Hewlett Packard Enterprise", + "LafargeHolcim", + "Swiss Re", + "IKEA", + "UPS", + "LinkedIn", + "Salesforce", + "Total", + "Coca-Cola", + "Fiji Hotel", + "MasterCard" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Flexibility and Pace", + "Ability to Influence Policy", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Risk-Mitigation and Flexible Authorities" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment", + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;", + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Philanthropy Advisors", + "Vantage Partners", + "OCHA" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Humanitarian Assistance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Industry Publication", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Formal Sector", + "For-profit Commercial Entity", + "Multi-national Business" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2017" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Palladium" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Nigeria" + ], + "Document ID": "1711-Palla-NGA", + "Document Title": "Nigeria Expanded Trade and Transport Final Report", + "Document Summary": "USAID initiated the Nigeria Expanded Trade and Transport (NEXTT) project in October 2012. NEXTT’s objectives were to support the Nigerian government’s efforts to improve the efficiency of trade, particularly in agricultural products, to expand domestic and international business, and provide inclusive economic growth and development of Nigeria. Following an integrated approach to trade and transport competitiveness, the NEXTT project was designed to build on prior GoN and USAID efforts- including the Maximizing Agriculture Revenue in Key Enterprise and Target Sites (MARKETS) project and Nigeria Expanded Exports Program (NEEP). The report highlights NEXTT’s key activities implemented along the Lagos-Kano-Jibiya (LAKAJI) Corridor—a road and rail network that connects northern states with Lagos, the commercial capital, and its seaports. The specific objectives of the project were to reduce bottlenecks to the movement of agricultural goods from the ports in Lagos along Nigeria‘s main trunk road through Kano up to the Niger border, increase the establishment of agribusinesses around this important Corridor, improve the capacity of Nigerian government officials to address Nigeria‘s trade policy, trade facilitation constraints and implementation issues, and increase the export capability of small and medium enterprises to improve overall nonoil export performance within the West African region and the United States by strengthening export service providers and the export promotion institution.\n\nWith the realization of these objectives, this final report describes the involvement of the strategic deployment of NEXTT resources and capacity; working relationships with existing chambers of commerce and trade associations; and building the capacity of platforms such as the LAKAJI Corridor Management Group (CMG), the Trade Policy Advisory Council (TPAC), the Trade Facilitation Task Force (TFTF), and NFC. The report examines the NEXTT collaboration with the Association of Business Development Professionals in Nigeria (ABDPIN) on its efforts to promote the growth of a Business Development Services Provider (BDSP) network targeting firms in agribusiness and other nonoil export industries—with a particular focus on high-value export value chains such as the cocoa and cashew.\n\nAccording to the report, NEXTT’s project activities were organized through three components, with a fourth sub-component (the Project Development Facility, or PDF), launched in early 2015 that includes:\n1. Component 1 (C1) activities contributed to improving LAKAJI Corridor performance.\n2. Component 2 (C2) improved the trade environment by strengthening Nigeria’s trade policy and facilitation capacity.\n3. Component 3 (C3) facilitated expanded business development and exports by improving the competitiveness of Nigerian exporters.\n\nThe report found that much of NEXTT’s success was due to its enduring partnerships with organizations from the public sector, membership associations, and companies in the private sector. \n\n", + "Key Findings": "NEXTT leveraged past and ongoing efforts to achieve its high-level\nobjectives and outcomes to increase investments, reduce trade and\ntransport costs, promote trade policy coordination and customs\nmodernization, and increase exports. These outcomes are expected to lead to further and lasting impacts in the form of reduced costs and higher quality of food available in the domestic market, as well as jobs and income generation opportunities for people linked to firms that export goods abroad.", + "Key Recommendations": "Transactional Assistance: As capital is increasingly mobile, seek the financing from all parts of the world, as opposed to a narrow focus on Nigerian- based funding.\n\nTransactional Assistance: In future efforts to facilitate access to finance, train BDSPs and the entrepreneurs on the requirements for alternative forms of finance.\n\nTransformational Assistance: To promote sustainability, focus from startup on existing organizations that are well-funded.\n\nTransformational Assistance: Focus LAKAJI reform advocacy at the state level.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00SX4Q.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, and Hunting" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment", + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2017" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Heather Skilling" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Burkina Faso", + "Ethiopia", + "Madagascar", + "Malawi", + "Pakistan", + "Zimbabwe" + ], + "Document ID": "1711-Skill-MLT", + "Document Title": "Strengthening SWA Engagement at Country Level ", + "Document Summary": "In December 2016, the SWA Steering Committee (SC) agreed on a Framework for how its partners should work toward the SDGs. In 2017, the SWA Country Process Working Group (CPWG) undertook country case studies to examine how: i) Partners currently work together at the country level to strengthen country processes, ii) How are these processes supported or enabled by the SWA partnership?, iii) and How to better operationalize the Framework at a country level from now on.\n\nThe CPWG guided the development of this Synthesis Report to provide the SC and partners with specific recommendations to advance the uptake of the Framework. Drawing from the case study findings, the Report offers suggestions of how the prior country experience can shape and guide SWA country engagement. The selection of countries was driven mainly by the government’s willingness to engage and the availability of a willing partner and resources. Burkina Faso, Ethiopia, Madagascar, Malawi, Pakistan, and Zimbabwe were considered to conduct the case study.\n\nThe study applied a case study approach that includes a set of guiding questions around topics including the sector status, the understanding of SWA among stakeholders and level of engagement, the understanding and adoption of the Framework, the role of the partners in advancing the sector, etc. The study also used the ‘Synthesis Approach’ that helped the study team to review the SWA Strategy, Accountability Mechanisms, and background materials on the Framework. The Synthesis Report attempts to make the best use of all available information in the Case Studies without making extraordinary assumptions about the relevance and meaning of specific content points where those need to be clarified. Where similar issues were raised across the range of Case Studies, those are presented as shared experiences and deviations, or interesting nuance and detail have been highlighted. Where information on an element (or sub-component) is limited across the range of Case Studies, the Synthesis Report flags this limitation.\n", + "Key Findings": "Based on the Case Studies and discussion, the Synthesis Report found that SWA:\n Needs to re-balance partnership activity, sharing and learning toward a primary focus on country processes;\n Brings different value in every country depending on the context and needs;\n SWA should better connect with existing multi-stakeholder fora and processes, especially JSRs, within countries and regions; and\n SWA should not create an additional burden on countries by generating requirements in support of the partnership rather than the country.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00THMR.pdf", + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "DAI" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Health" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2017" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "ECODIT", + "Institute of Resource Assessment (IRA) of the University of Dar es Salaam" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Tanzania" + ], + "Document ID": "1711-WOPE-TZA", + "Document Title": "Tanzania Whole-of-Project Evaluation (WOPE) of the Natural Resources Management Project Final Evaluation Report", + "Document Summary": "The United States Agency for International Development (USAID) Natural Resource Management (NRM) Project seeks to improve natural resource stewardship by supporting six activities covering critical and biodiversity-rich landscapes in Tanzania. This Whole-of-Project Evaluation (WOPE) is a midterm performance evaluation of the NRM Project, whose purpose is “Stewardship of Natural Resources Improved.” The purpose of this mid-term WOPE is 1) to illuminate how the project is progressing toward the stated project purpose and 2) to identify the assumptions or gaps in the project’s design and management approach to help inform course corrections and/or a new project design.\n\nThe evaluation used a mixed-methods assessment, using a combination of methods and data sources to answer the evaluation questions. This type of evaluation, according to the USAID Technical Note on Conducting Mixed Methods Evaluations (2013), “systematically integrates two or more evaluation methods, potentially at every stage of the evaluation process, usually drawing on both quantitative and qualitative data.” This evaluation collected secondary data from project documentation and primary data from the relevant populations. The study team managed and analyzed qualitative and quantitative data from four different people:\n1. The NRM Community of Practice.\n2. The relevant activity stakeholders include the Chiefs of Parties (COPs), program implementers, and other activity staff.\n3. Other NRM stakeholders include relevant GoT, NGO, and private sector stakeholders.\n4. The beneficiary communities in each of the activity locations.\n\nAn evaluation of this scope and complexity faces several limitations. This complex project involves multiple activities and a host of implementers, collaborators, and beneficiaries. A project of this scale faces multi-dimensional, multi-sectoral, and multi-level challenges. To mitigate these risks and uncertainties, the study team developed a realistic methodology given the short timeframe, providing the most valuable data possible in the allotted time. Although each method/source may have had some weaknesses, they formed a robust approach to the evaluation.\n", + "Key Findings": "With respect to the NRM Project assumptions, the evaluation found them to be inadequate (i.e., they were either not comprehensive and/or there were sufficient gaps in the Project design to render some of them inapplicable).\n\nIn terms of integration and coordination, the evaluation found that each activity contributed to improved stewardship of NRM to varying degrees, often marginal, but there was lack of sufficient\ncoordination and integration efforts to build synergies and ensure that the total contributions of the NRM Project was greater than the sum of its constituent parts.\n\nUSAID’s Monitoring, Evaluation, and Learning Program (MELP) for NRM identified four categories of direct threats to biodiversity.\n\nIn terms of governance, the Project primarily focused on supporting Wildlife Management Areas (WMAs) as a tool for promoting access and control (or property rights) over resources.\n\nOverall, the WOPE found the current level of private sector engagement, the level of economic benefits, and their distribution insufficient to contribute to poverty alleviation and empower local groups, especially women and youth.", + "Key Recommendations": "The Project should support a wider range of tools and instruments that increase both property and procedural rights.\n\nThe NRM Project should aim at generating a wider scope of benefits through private and public sector actors beyond economic ones, as well as supporting mechanisms that ensure those benefits accrue at community, household, and individual levels.\n\nSystematic integration of gender variables in the design of all activities, implementation, and monitoring systems is required if gender goals are to be met.\n\nThere is no value added in the portfolio but there should be—the missed opportunity is a major cause of slow progress on NRM in\nTanzania.\n\nThe WOPE has underlined a number of related issues; among them are the inability to scale up evidence and use it for real-time decision-making, lack of sharing of lessons learned and best practices across the project, and inadequate adaptive management for changing context.\n\nA principle of USAID and its Biodiversity Policy is the long-term environmental, financial, and social sustainability and viability of benefits, impacts, and results.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00N4SR.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Hospitality/Tourism" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Chem Chem Safari Tanzania" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments", + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth", + "Conflict" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Environment/Climate Change" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Local Business", + "For-profit approach that generates sustainable income" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2017" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Jeannie Brown", + "Hilaire Zon", + "Leonard Kasereka", + "Bavon Mupenda" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Congo (Kinshasa)" + ], + "Document ID": "1712-Brown-COD", + "Document Title": "President's Malaria Initiative Expansion Project in the Democratic Republic of the Congo Final Performance Evaluation", + "Document Summary": "The President's Malaria Initiative (PMI) Expansion Project (PMI-EP) was a five-year USAID cooperative agreement through the PMI initiative that started on October 18, 2012, and is scheduled to end on October 17, 2017. The project's purpose was to support the Democratic Republic of the Congo in increasing coverage and use of key malaria interventions and strengthening the health system to provide sustainable, high-quality preventive and curative services. This final performance evaluation is intended to help assess: 1) increased use of malaria prevention interventions; 2) improved malaria diagnosis and treatment; 3) strengthened health system to support malaria programs; 4) facilitating and limiting factors; 5) innovative approaches; and 6) recognition of USAID and PMI support. The evaluation consisted of a review of project background documents, field visits for data collection, and triangulation to compare existing baseline data to currently available data.\n\nThe evaluation used descriptive cross-sectional methods, utilizing existing, currently available, and newly collected quantitative and qualitative data. The design also included a review of project background documents (project implementation plan, annual work plans, reports, M&E plans, and other documents relevant to the evaluation). Based on the scope of work and the orientation from the USAID Mission in DRC, the Evaluation Team developed a protocol including data collection tools, which it shared with the USAID Mission for approval before the field visit. The evaluation methods included a desk review of existing documents and data and field-based data collection to provide answers to the evaluation questions. The desk review included the secondary data and the relevant project documents. The field-based data collection was conducted to gather additional qualitative/quantitative information on project implementation through key informant interviews (KIIs), observations, and focus group discussions (FGDs).\n\nWhile a field visit was conducted in two provinces to gather additional qualitative information, a review of the project's and HMIS data/records and a KII at the central level were performed for all nine provinces. Consequently, the results indicate challenges and lessons learned for the seven provinces that have not been visited. All the results cannot be considered conclusive or generalizable for all project sites. The generalizability of the data is limited. Despite efforts to solicit a response from the Provincial Health Directorate in all project sites, no response was received outside the sites visited. When reporting the findings of this evaluation, the time and place of data collection have been specified, and the results may not appropriately reflect the situation in those provinces not visited.\n", + "Key Findings": "The key findings revealed overall the project has made significant contributions to the increase in availability and access to malaria prevention, diagnostic, and treatment interventions. This is especially commendable given the constraints the project has faced in terms of inadequate communications networks and extremely poor condition of roads, weak existing capacity of the health system and supply chain management system, and lack of adequate financial motivation of health workers.", + "Key Recommendations": "Based on these evaluation findings, it can be concluded that PMI-EP has contributed to an increase in availability and use of malaria prevention and treatment products and services. It is recommended that future malaria projects expand upon and sustain these achievements.", + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Health" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2017" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Hannah Tappis", + "Shannon Doocy" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "1712-DOOCY-GLO", + "Document Title": "Cash-based Approaches in Humanitarian Emergencies", + "Document Summary": "Both cash-based approaches and in-kind food assistance can be effective means of increasing household food security for people who live in areas of conflict.\n\nCash-based approaches have become an increasingly common strategy for the provision of humanitarian assistance. Both cash-based approaches and in-kind food assistance can be effective means of increasing household food security among conflict-affected populations and maintaining household food security among food insecure and drought-affected populations. Cash transfers are more cost effective than vouchers which are more cost effective than in-kind food assistance.\n\nThis review assesses the effects of cash-based approaches on individual and household outcomes in humanitarian emergencies. It also assesses the efficiency of different cash-based approaches and identifies factors that hinder and facilitate programme implementation.\n\nThis Campbell systematic review examines the effectiveness, efficiency and implementation of cash transfers in humanitarian settings. The review summarises evidence from five studies of effects, 10 studies of efficiency and 108 studies of barriers and facilitators to implementation of cash-based humanitarian assistance.", + "Key Findings": "Unconditional cash transfers and vouchers can be effective and efficient ways to provide humanitarian assistance.\nEach assistance modality has different advantages and disadvantages that should be considered in the design of future interventions. However, no definitive conclusions on the effectiveness of cash transfer or voucher programmes could be drawn that are universally applicable for humanitarian policy.\nFurther development of the evidence base, with more rigorous evaluations comparing the effectiveness of different cash-based approaches and transfer modalities, as well as approaches to comparing costs and benefits of cash-transfer and voucher programmes, is needed to further strengthen the evidence base.\n", + "Key Recommendations": "Despite the widespread use and increasing number of evaluations of cash-based humanitarian assistance, there is a paucity of rigorous evidence about how best to address the needs of crisis-affected populations. This is not surprising, as studies meeting the methodological criteria for inclusion in most systematic reviews are relatively rare in emergency settings. Findings suggests that both cash-based approaches and in-kind food assistance can be\neffective means of increasing household food security among conflict-affected populations and maintaining household food security among food insecure and drought-affected populations; each assistance modality has different advantages and disadvantages that should be considered in the design of future interventions. However, no definitive conclusions on the effectiveness of cash transfer or voucher programmes could be drawn that are universally applicable for humanitarian policy. Further development of the evidence base, with more rigorous evaluations comparing the effectiveness of different cash-based approaches (or combinations of approaches) and transfer modalities, as well as standardized approaches to documenting and comparing both costs and benefits of cash-transfer and voucher programmes, is needed to further strengthen the evidence base in this area. ", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.4073/csr.2017.17", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Other" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Efficiency and Effectiveness", + "Flexibility and Pace" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Advancing Learning and Market Research;", + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Campbell Systematic Review" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Humanitarian Assistance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Systematic review or Meta-analysis", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "For-profit approach that generates sustainable income" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2017" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Karen Kaplan", + "Ndiaye Tabara", + "Joachim Diene" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Senegal" + ], + "Document ID": "1712-Kapla-SEN", + "Document Title": "Senegal Conflict Vulnerability Assessment Final Report", + "Document Summary": "In 2017, USAID/Senegal requested an assessment of conflict dynamics and mitigating factors to inform their new Country Development Cooperation Strategy (CDCS). The evaluation explored contextual trends, shifts, opportunities, and threats to support USAID's efforts to implement a conflict-sensitive portfolio of programs and their ability to achieve intended results. To inform the upcoming CDCS, the assessment focused on investigating the: i) Decentralization and service provision; ii) GoS reform agenda (including anticorruption, economic development, land tenure reform, and peace in Casamance); iii) Cross-border dynamics (including emigration, trafficking of commodities and persons, violent extremism, and the change of government in Gambia). The team focused on collecting perception data because people's perceptions drive dynamics related to conflict and peace. The report represents findings, conclusions, and recommendations from this perception data in a subset of border regions. When reviewing the information, it is vital to keep in mind that the team's findings, conclusions, and recommendations relate to how people perceive their reality, which is inherently subjectively linked to their identities and how these identities interact with their environment. Therefore, the assessment represents a snapshot in time, not a comprehensive quantitative study.\n\nMethodologically, the assessment team completed a desk review to provide an overview of Senegal's political, economic, and social context today. The desk review provided a common point of departure for the assessment team and highlighted gaps in understanding current conflict issues and trends in Senegal. To further develop the desk review, the team lead interviewed the U.S. government and non-governmental stakeholders to gain additional perspectives on conflict dynamics in Senegal. The assessment team used the gaps identified in the desk study and information collected from interviews to design the team interview protocol.", + "Key Findings": "Under the umbrella of this social pattern, five distinct but interrelated core themes emerged across all regions. These included perceptions of:\n1) Limited livelihoods opportunities;\n2) Lack of transparency and politicization of land allocation;\n3) Limited capacity of local communes to implement decentralization and deliver services;\n4) Lack of transparency in local commune resource allocation;\n5) Political, economic, and social exclusion of youth.", + "Key Recommendations": "Immediate Activities: Engage local civil society in efforts to create or restore mediation mechanisms that include women and youth in Kolda and Kédougou to reduce tensions between communities and security forces.\n\nIntegration into Development Programming: When working to curtail illicit economic activities, simultaneously provide opportunities for licit livelihoods (diversification options) to affected populations.\n\nSupport for Policy Reform: Strengthen formal and informal mechanisms that may be adapted to address land conflict.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00SVXF.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Health Care" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships", + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth", + "Conflict" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Peace & Security" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2017" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Corine Karema", + "Drew Lent", + "Aboubakiry Koulibaly", + "Moussa Sy", + "Safyatou Diallo", + "Aissatou Mbaye" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Senegal" + ], + "Document ID": "1712-Karem-SEN", + "Document Title": "Performance Evaluation: Senegal National Malaria Control Program Government-To-Government Fixed-Amount Reimbursement Agreement", + "Document Summary": "This report presents findings, conclusions, and recommendations from a performance evaluation of the United States Agency for International Development in Senegal (USAID/Senegal) Mission’s government–to–government (G2G) fixed-amount reimbursement agreements (FARA) to support the Government of Senegal (GOS) National Malaria Control Program (NMCP). USAID/Senegal commissioned the USAID/Senegal Monitoring and Evaluation Project (USAID/Senegal MEP) to design and implement the evaluation. The purpose of this evaluation is to provide USAID/Senegal with evidence-based data regarding the performance of its investment in the NMCP. The findings from this evaluation will inform the design of future health G2G direct-funded activities (specifically, but not exclusively, using fixed-amount reimbursement agreements) that: 1) seek to improve the health status of the national population, 2) focus on malaria prevention and treatment and aim to increase the availability of health services, 3) improve health-seeking and healthy behaviors and 4) improve performance of the health system. In the recommendations section, the evaluation team addresses improvements to the G2G FARA processes within NCMP and USAID/Senegal that would better position the NMCP FARA to meet its intended objectives.\n\nThe evaluation team used a mixed methods approach to conduct this performance evaluation, including a document review of quantitative data and Demographic Health Survey (DHS) data. The team generated qualitative data from key informant interviews, group interviews, and site observations in two regions selected with input from NMCP, USAID/Senegal Health Office, and PMI. The team also set up two districts in each region, which allowed them to focus on four NMCP interventions funded through the FARA: malariology courses, seasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC), sentinel site surveillance, and supportive supervision. During data analysis, the team analyzed trends on selected key malaria indicators and the content of interview transcripts using MaxQDA software to establish general crosscutting themes that emerged across all informant types.\n\nThe assessment faced several limitations while implementing this evaluation, including the need for performance measurement indicators and indicator data related to NMCP organizational performance in planning, financial management, and data management and use. In addition, the evaluation findings may be subject to possible respondent recall bias given the four-year reference timespan and limited availability of critical informants for in-person interviews. To mitigate the limitations, the evaluation team reviewed secondary data on NMCP financial and data management before 2012 and triangulated data collected through interviews with project staff or secondary documents.", + "Key Findings": "Through document review and interviews, the evaluation team found that PMI’s Malaria Operation Plans (MOPs) aligned well with the NMCP national strategic plan (NSP) from 2012 to 2016.\n\nThe team found evidence of increased capacity to deliver and manage efficient and effective services over the period 2012-2016, including the increase in the number of milestones achieved and the level of funding from PMI to NMCP.\n\nThrough participation in FARA funded activities such as the malariology course and supportive supervision, health care workers at the regional and district levels have gained skills that increased their capacities to provide better patient care.", + "Key Recommendations": "ACTIONS FOR USAID\n• Use GOTAP to review documents as part of the milestone validation process\n• Revise financial approval deadlines and respect milestones payment deadlines\n• Align planning with the MSAS planning cycle to start planning and negotiations between the months of January and March\n• Enforce the G2G Direct Financing cash flow process and the provisions of the PNDS Procedural Manual", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00TFQM.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, and Hunting" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Senegalese Sugar Company (CSS)" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Health" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Local Business", + "For-profit approach that generates sustainable income", + "Formal Sector" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2017" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Nikolai Ivanovich Kuznetsov", + "Nadezhda Viktorovna Ukolova", + "Sergey Vladimirovich Monakhov", + "Juliya Anatolyevna Shikhanova" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Czechia", + "Russia", + "Regional", + "Slovakia", + "Lithuania", + "Estonia", + "Latvia" + ], + "Document ID": "1712-Kuzne-MLT-pr", + "Document Title": "Public-Private Partnership in the Agriculture of Russia and the European Union: Economic Problems and Prospects for Development", + "Document Summary": "The article's authors explore the specifics of the development of public-private partnerships in the economy of Russia and the countries of the European Union. In the study, the authors identified the factors that affect the development of public-private partnerships in nowadays conditions. The author’s interpretation of the concept of ‘public-private partnership’ is given in the article, and the features of its use in agriculture are analyzed. The experience of developing public-private partnerships in the EU countries and Russia is considered. The study presents extensive statistical material that characterizes the level of PPP development in the EU and Russia. The successful experience of using the PPP mechanism in Russian agriculture is presented. The authors outline the priorities for developing public-private partnerships in Russia and the EU. The conclusion is made about the need for active development of PPP in the agriculture of Russia, and the development directions in the EU are defined.\n\nThe paper acknowledges that Public-private partnership is an integral part of the market economic system. The degree of development depends on the level of development of the economic system. As a rule, the higher the level of economic development, the higher the interaction between the state and the private sector. The priority in the European Union countries is the further development of the private segment of the economy, which ensures the stability of macroeconomic indicators and the development of the economy as a whole. Agriculture, being the basis for the development of many countries in the European Union, develops based on constant improvement of interaction between the state and private organizations and farms, manifested in the increase in state support for agriculture. ", + "Key Findings": "The authors of the article explore the specifics of the development of public-private partnership in the economy of Russia and the countries of the European Union. In the study, the authors identified the factors that affect the development of public-private partnerships in nowaday conditions. The authors’ interpretation of the concept of ‘public-private partnership’ is given in the article, the features of its use in agriculture are analyzed. The experience of development of public-private partnership in the EU countries and Russia is considered. The study presents extensive statistical material that characterizes the level of PPP development in the EU and Russia. The successful experience of using the PPP mechanism in the Russian agriculture is presented. The authors outline the priorities for the development of public-private partnership in Russia and the EU. The conclusion is made about the need for active development of PPP in the agriculture of Russia, the development directions in the EU are defined.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://journals.aserspublishing.eu/jarle/article/view/2210", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Engineering & Construction", + "Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, and Hunting", + "Processing & Manufacturing" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Solnechnye Produkty" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Efficiency and Effectiveness", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities", + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge", + "Risk-Mitigation and Flexible Authorities", + "Reputation and Credible Convening Power" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;", + "Advancing Learning and Market Research;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Journal of Advanced Research in Law and Economics" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Economic Growth", + "Agriculture and Food Security" + ], + "Type of Document": "Peer-reviewed article or other research report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "For-profit Commercial Entity", + "Multi-national Business", + "Regional Business", + "Formal Sector", + "Local Business" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Europe and Eurasia" + ], + "Year": "2017" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Janet E. Lord", + "Allison deFranco", + "Nadia Adib Bamieh", + "Abdel Hamid Kabesh", + "Mostafa Attia", + "Nesma Gad", + "Amira Ayman El Refaei", + "Nadia Abdallah", + "Mahasen Elsayed", + "Jehan Farouk Hassan", + "Menat Hussein", + "Heba Kholeif", + "Sherif Elsayed" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Egypt" + ], + "Document ID": "1712-Lord-EGY", + "Document Title": "Needs Assessment of Persons with Disabilities in Egyptian Public Universities and Regional Technical Colleges", + "Document Summary": "The USAID/Egypt OEH undertook this assessment to understand better the educational needs of students with disabilities and the services that public universities and regional technical colleges can provide to improve the accessibility of these institutions for these students. The assessment will inform future program design.\n\nThe team employed a mixed-methods approach to collect and analyze data. In preparation for the fieldwork, the assessment team designed data collection tools consisting of crucial informant interview protocols, group discussion protocols, paper and pencil surveys, online surveys, a facility accessibility tool, and a checklist. In addition, the team reviewed vital documents before and after the arrival of the expatriate consultants in Egypt. Key informant interviews (KII); site visits to educational institutions, GOE offices, donors, businesses, and educational institutions; and structured surveys were all used to collect information. The team’s practice combined a KII with the administration of structured survey instruments and a site visit. Academic and administrative staff, as well as students with physical and sensory disabilities from public universities and technical colleges, were interviewed. The assessment Field Manual was developed, drawing on the research team’s knowledge and experience of the research area, interviews with GOE and other stakeholders in pre-assessment planning, revision based on USAID inputs, and a comprehensive desk review. \n \nAs with any assessment or evaluative exercise, there were limitations and constraints associated with implementing the SOW. To a degree, three factors constrained the assessment team in the fieldwork. First, there was a narrow time frame to schedule visits before fieldwork. This was due to delays in authorizing the project team to communicate with target institutions to request meetings. Second, the commencement of fieldwork was delayed by a week and resulted in the need to make adjustments in team composition based on the availability of team members. This impacted the consistency of field team membership and required considerable flexibility on the part of all field teams. Third, there was a limited window of opportunity for data collection given the time allotted for fieldwork, the vast scope of the assessment, and limited time on the campuses. This resulted in less complete access to university facilities.", + "Key Findings": "1. Data gaps exist for the population of persons with disabilities in Egypt.\n\n2. In the overall university rankings, two universities (8.7%) score in the high favorability range, 14 universities (60.9%) score in the medium favorability range, and seven universities (30.4%) score in the low favorability range.\n\n3. The criteria for selection are current capacity on disability inclusion; university (executive level) commitment to disability inclusion; geography; size; opportunity to influence other institutions; and focus on improving accessibility for usability to enhance sustainability.\n\n4. The assistive technology audit revealed needs for equipment/updated equipment. Interviews also brought up the need for training on assistive technology for students, staff, faculty,\nand E-learning professionals.\n\n5. Data gaps exist on the number of students with disabilities (male and female) enrolled.", + "Key Recommendations": "1. Capacity building for disability data collection in Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) is needed.\n\n2. Support HEIs to develop institutionalized disability frameworks that include (a) a disability policy and (b) a disability support office, with specific processes and procedures for providing disability accommodations to students with disabilities.\n\n3. Support 4-5 public institutions in a comprehensive “whole of institution” approach to improve access to facilities, and services programs for students with physical and sensory disabilities.\n\n4. Support the procurement of assistive technology and training for HEIs.\n\n5. Provide technical assistance to support the GOE (e.g., CAPMAS, National Council for Disability Affairs) and HEIs to collect appropriate statistical and research data.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00N6TT.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Food & Beverage", + "Telecommunications" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Vodafone Call Centers", + "Orascom Corporation", + "PepsiCo" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Education and Social Services" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "For-profit approach that generates sustainable income", + "Local Business", + "Multi-national Business", + "American Business", + "Formal Sector" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Middle East" + ], + "Year": "2017" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Mark Ampah", + "Ishmael Edjekumhene", + "Isaac Morrison", + "Macdonald Acquah", + "Ann MacFadyen" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Ghana" + ], + "Document ID": "1712-Manag-GHA", + "Document Title": "Performance Evaluation of the Partnership for Growth in Ghana", + "Document Summary": "Partnership for Growth (PFG) is a bilateral partnership that leveraged USG and the Government of Ghana (GOG) resources to support a shared development program that aimed to accelerate and sustain broad-based economic growth by addressing two critical binding constraints to private investment and economic growth in Ghana: (1) an unreliable and inadequate supply of electric power and (2) insufficient access to credit in the weak financial system. Commissioned by the United States Government (USG), this report presents the findings, conclusions, and recommendations from a final performance evaluation of the Partnership for Growth (PFG) in Ghana. It informs whether: (1) the PFG whole-of-government approach led to changes in the effectiveness of interagency and bilateral engagement, and (2) PFG achieved verifiable results in target goal areas, increasing the country’s growth rate.\n\nThe evaluation team used various methods, including desk review and key informant interviews, to answer the evaluation questions. Field research for this evaluation looked across all PFG goals, focusing on higher-level stakeholders and decision-makers from the USG and GOG. The evaluation team conducted interviews in Washington, D.C., and Ghana and completed a desk review of PFG-related documents and data on PFG results. The main challenge that PFG faced was the need for new funding streams for identified interventions, which limited the ability of some agencies to meet performance and diminished overall enthusiasm for PFG. Additionally, while some limited funding was initially diverted from other projects to support the PFG secretariat, this evaluation exhausted that funding, which affected the secretariat’s ability to implement its mandate. PFG also failed to establish universal definitions for small and medium enterprises, which could have reduced service redundancy in that area. The absence of a formal strategy to bring in private sector actors and civil society organizations may have also limited broader buy-in to the PFG agenda. PFG did not explicitly incorporate gender issues or include a mechanism for integrating them into its reporting chain.", + "Key Findings": "PFG’s influence on the USG-GOG bilateral relationship was particularly evident in the partnership’s convening power, the USG provision of research studies and policy documents for decision-making, and PFG’s creative approaches to supporting select GOG institutions and projects through USAID’s Financing Ghanaian Agriculture Project (FinGAP). The lack of new funding streams, however, was an obstacle to PFG’s implementation and success.\n\nAs an addendum to the JCAP, PFG in Ghana developed a monitoring and evaluation (M&E) framework with quantifiable metrics for all 10 goals, including 22 indicators related to the power sector and 27 indicators related to the credit sector. Per the M&E framework, all TWGs were required to adhere to these metrics to ensure consistency and accuracy in reporting. An integral part of the M&E framework was the semiannual scorecards, which reported progress toward macro-, goal-, and LOA-level indicators. ", + "Key Recommendations": "• Establish a clear exit strategy and sustainability plan;\n• Preserve and more fully institutionalize indicator collecting and reporting practices; and\n• Hold a final convening of all USG and GOG personnel actively participating in PFG to enable a final sharing of ideas and experiences and ensure that lessons learned from PFG are not lost.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00ST75.pdf", + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2017" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Sarah Rose", + "Erin Collinson", + "Jared Kalow" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "1712-Rose-GLO", + "Document Title": "Working Itself Out of a Job: USAID and Smart Strategic Transitions", + "Document Summary": "This paper aims to inform USAID's approach to strategic transitions by offering 1) a review of lessons learned from past USAID transitions and mission closures as well as similar efforts undertaken by other bilateral aid agencies; 2) an assessment of the advantages and drawbacks of using quantitative benchmarks to identify countries for transition, as well as an illustrative framework for evaluating countries' transition readiness; and 3) a selection of tools and approaches the US government can leverage to create a path for sustained country engagement. This analysis focuses on how the agency could advance middle-income countries along a continuum of engagement beyond traditional development assistance. Methodologically, USAID used quantitative benchmarks to evaluate a country's readiness for transition to ensure evidence is brought to bear on a vital determination and can lend greater transparency, credibility, and accountability to the process, but employing data-based indicators can also have drawbacks. \n\nThis paper recommends a two-stage assessment for determining which countries are ready for the transition. The first stage would employ quantitative indicators to measure the country's needs, good governance, business and economic environment, and financing capacity. This first pass would also filter out fragile countries since grant-based support will likely remain essential for US engagement in fragile settings. From the first stage of the assessment, USAID can develop a subset of countries that are high performers across many of these categories. From there, USAID should undertake a second-stage analysis that relies on quantitative and qualitative assessments. Specific considerations, such as whether national-level performance masks pernicious disparities, should be applied across the board. However, measures will vary based on a partner country's goals, progress, and institutional capacity. At this assessment stage, USAID should also focus on the policy, institutional, and capacity issues most relevant to the sectors where USAID has concentrated its investments.\n", + "Key Recommendations": "In outlining plans for strategic transitions, USAID should seek to draw lessons from its own history and that of other bilateral donors.\n\nAmong the most critical factors USAID will need to consider are the length of the timeframe afforded to the transition process—a minimum of three to five years is crucial for guarding development gains—and the need to set clear objectives and tasks as part of a\ntransition strategy.\n\nCoordination has also proven important to the success of past transitions.\n\nWhile USAID should be sure to consider options short of complete exit, as part of any transition planning, the agency will need to evaluate threats to sustaining results achieved with help from past USAID investments and to incorporate plans to mitigate such risks.\n\nFinally, USAID can help ensure its own success—as it looks to reshape partnerships well into the future—by transparently monitoring its transition process and capturing any lessons learned.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.cgdev.org/sites/default/files/working-itself-out-job-usaid-and-smart-strategic-transitions.pdf", + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments", + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Center for Global Development (CGD)" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Conflict" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Democracy, Human Rights, & Governance" + ], + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Local Business", + "Multi-national Business", + "American Business", + "For-profit approach that generates sustainable income", + "Formal Sector" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2017" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Nhu-An Tran", + "Amanda MacArthur", + "Pratima Bhuthapuri", + "Namita Assi" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "India" + ], + "Document ID": "1712-Tran-IND", + "Document Title": "Evaluation of USAID/India Development Objective (DO) 3: Assessing the Relevance, Effectiveness, and Impact of Public Private Partnerships", + "Document Summary": "As USAID/India approaches the end of its current CDCS and is in the process of designing the next phase of its strategy, the mission is interested in evaluating the extent to which partnerships have effectively achieved development impact based upon agreed performance measures or have defined innovation progressing through the four (4) stages/steps of the \"innovation pipelines.\" To that end, the purpose of the evaluation is to assess the relevance, effectiveness, and impact of the partnership models and approaches implemented by USAID/India since 2012.\n\nThe assessment used quantitative and qualitative methods to generate findings that are both generalizable and which are based on a rich level of detail. Primary data were collected through surveys, key informant interviews (KIIs), and focus group discussions (FGDs). Secondary data were collected through a desk review of documentation at three levels: (i) the country level (CDCS, DO3 Project Appraisal Document, Performance Plan Report), (ii) the project level, and (iii) the published research level. The technical approach enabled a consistent triangulation of quantitative and qualitative data through the combination of these methods. It helped ensure that findings were drawn from the highest possible quality evidence. The survey also conducted site visits to IPE Global's PAHAL, WaterHealth International's Community Water Systems, Aakar Innovations' Empowering Women through menstrual hygiene solutions, CLT's e-Patashale, CKS' READ Alliance, and Center for Microfinance's Nurturing Early Literacy. \n\nGiven the allotted timeframe of three weeks for in-country planning and data collection, most of the findings in this evaluation apply to the sampled activities only and should not be projected to the broader DO3 portfolio. Specific results or examples about an individual activity/program should be interpreted in the context of the partnership approach and process and are not meant to make a value judgment on the implementing organization's technical merit or financial performance.\n", + "Key Findings": "1. Using a variety of partnership models and approaches allows for a wider range of collaboration and provides a useful testing ground for tackling the complexity inherent in development.\n\n2. Establishing new partnership platforms means longer start-up time and slower expenditures but can reap rewards down the line.\n\n3. Programs falling under DO3 have been effective in meeting program goals and objectives.\n\n4. There is limited evidence that programs and initiatives classified under DO3 are significantly more scalable or sustainable than traditional USAID programs in creating change for the population at the Bottom of the Pyramid.", + "Key Recommendations": "1. Partnership Approach: shift to a more focused portfolio of partnerships to reduce USAID management burden and deepen impact.\n\n2. Create intentional opportunities for greater knowledge sharing, virtual, and in-person networking among DO3 implementing partners, and between DO3 platforms and more traditional programs.\n\n3. Both the IPP and the MA are valid mechanisms to test innovative partnership and intervention models and should be continued in future CDCS.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00N6B1.pdf", + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships", + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Local Business", + "Multi-national Business" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Asia" + ], + "Year": "2017" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "El Salvador" + ], + "Document ID": "1712-USAID-SLV", + "Document Title": "Ex-Post Performance Evaluation of USAID’s Fiscal Policy Development Activities Evaluation Report", + "Document Summary": "This Ex-Post Performance Evaluation of USAID’s Fiscal Policy Development Activities Evaluation presents an overview of the primary findings, conclusions, and recommendations from the performance evaluation of the United States Agency for International Development in El Salvador’s (USAID/El Salvador) fiscal policy development activities. The purpose of the assessment was to 1) assess the contribution of USAID’s investments in reforming El Salvador’s fiscal policy administration via its support of the Tax Policy and Administration Reform (TPAR) and Fiscal Policy and Expenditure Management (FPEMP) programs; 2) evaluate the sustainability of program results; and 3) identify areas of implementation that will best achieve the Mission’s goals with future fiscal policy investments. The report examines the extent to which they individually and jointly contributed to achieving these objectives and the likely sustainability of their achievements. The evaluation also examines questions related to how external factors contributed to program achievements and the program’s coordination with other donor organizations.\n\nThe evaluation used a mixed-methods data collection design consisting of four qualitative and quantitative methods: 1. Document review, 2. Secondary data review, and 3. Key informant interviews (KIIs). The study used purposive sampling methods to select KII participants to focus on particular population characteristics of interest, which will best enable evaluators to answer the evaluation questions. Qualitative data analysis involved coding the data using Atlas.ti software to identify themes and sub-themes and assess their relative importance in answering the EQs. Quantitative data analysis consisted of calculating summary statistics from the mini-survey results. The absence of a counterfactual to determine attribution, the inability of the evaluation team to verify all perceptions and anecdotes cited by interviewed stakeholders due to time constraints, difficulty in assessing the sustainability of observed results, the potential for respondent and/or interview bias, and turnover of MOF staff were the limitations of this evaluation.\n", + "Key Findings": "1. Macro-economic and political factors have made a negative contribution to income tax collections.\n\n2. TPAR/FPEMP activities that show signs of becoming institutionalized, thus contributing to the long-term sustainability prospects, include: call centers, Fiscal Transparency Portal (FTP), self-service kiosks, decentralized solvency statements, massive audit plans, tax evasion crackdown, treasury single account (TSA), USC, LTO, TPU, and Criminal Tax Investigation Unit.\n\n3. TPAR and FPEMP have successfully collaborated with other donor organizations to implement a large number and wide variety of activities, including activities related to public finance administration, IT system development, and engagement with policymakers and other stakeholders on policy and legal reform.", + "Key Recommendations": "1. The MOF should establish and maintain a central repository for technical documentation of every IT system in order to improve technical operation and support efficiency.\n2. The MOF should establish and maintain a central repository for end-user documentation, support knowledge base, frequently asked questions, and training manuals in order to achieve a sustainable operation, as well as technical support efficiency.\n3. The MOF should train its specialists as backups for critical IT positions or hire additional personnel as necessary to fulfill this critical role in order to safeguard systems’ availability and operation.\n4. The MOF should perform an analysis of the current size and technical capacity of the IT workforce in order to ensure that all aspects of the MOF’s operations are covered and that all IT positions that are crucial for business operations have a backup.\n5. The MOF should ensure that all critical system components (hardware and software) have the support of their corresponding vendors and their warranties are current.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00SV5J.pdf", + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Ability to Influence Policy" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Latin America and the Carribean" + ], + "Year": "2017" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Ryan Whalen" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Burundi", + "Djibouti", + "Kenya", + "Ethiopia", + "Rwanda", + "South Sudan", + "Tanzania", + "Uganda" + ], + "Document ID": "1712-Whale-MLT", + "Document Title": "Analytical Brief: M/CIO Economic Analysis and Data Services (EADS)", + "Document Summary": "This brief analytical paper examines the current state of natural resources in East Africa—with an analysis of energy, water, biodiversity, and climate change—and investments that U.S. foreign assistance has made in these areas. The paper, in its analysis, covers East Africa, including Burundi, Djibouti, Kenya, Ethiopia, Rwanda, South Sudan, Tanzania, and Uganda.\n\nThe paper highlights the unique opportunities and challenges East Africa holds for managing natural resources in sub-Saharan Africa. Although East Africa currently uses a relatively small amount of energy, strong economic and population growth coupled with the exploration of newly discovered energy sources will likely lead to increased energy production within the region and energy trade throughout sub-Saharan Africa. In terms of biodiversity, every East African country has improved protected land area since 2000, and significant investments of U.S. foreign assistance have worked to counter the wildlife trade in the region. East African countries are generally not large emitters of carbon dioxide. However, extreme weather events and dependence on agriculture mean that the region is particularly vulnerable to some long-term effects of climate change, including food insecurity. The U.S. government has sought to mitigate these risks, making significant investments with foreign assistance in biosphere protection. Foreign aid in energy and the environment has also focused on improving access to electricity—a need demonstrated particularly in rural parts of East Africa—and exploring new sources of energy production.\n", + "Key Findings": "East Africa presents unique opportunities and challenges for the management of natural resources in sub-Saharan Africa. \n\nAlthough East Africa currently uses a relatively small amount of energy, strong economic and population growth coupled with the exploration of newly-discovered energy sources will likely lead to increased energy production within the region and energy trade throughout sub-Saharan Africa. \n\nIn terms of biodiversity, every East African country has made progress in increasing protected land area since 2000, and large investments of U.S. foreign assistance have worked to counter the wildlife trade in the region. \n\nEast African countries are generally not large emitters of carbon dioxide, but extreme weather events and dependence on agriculture mean that the region is particularly vulnerable to some of the long-term effects of climate change, including food insecurity. \n\nThe U.S. government has sought to mitigate these risks, making significant investments with foreign assistance in biosphere protection. \n\nForeign assistance in the areas of energy and the environment has also focused on improving access to electricity—a need demonstrated particularly in rural parts of East Africa—and exploring new sources of energy production.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://urban-links.org/wp-content/uploads/eads_analytical_brief_12.pdf", + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Conflict" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2017" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "George Zimbizi", + "Sunungurai Chingarande-Mutanga" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Zimbabwe" + ], + "Document ID": "1712-Zimbi-ZWE", + "Document Title": "Zimbabwe:Works End of Project Performance Evaluation", + "Document Summary": "This report contains findings of an independent End of Project Performance Evaluation of Zimbabwe: Works (Z: W) project (Phase II, January 2015-December 2017) implemented by the International Youth Foundation (IYF). It focused on implementing program activities through local Zimbabwean NGOs and selected private sector entities that scaled up proven models, innovated through ICTs, and mainstreamed gender in their programming. The project's goal was to build job skills and improve the employment and self-employment status of Zimbabweans, particularly young women, to enable them to contribute towards and benefit from economic growth in Zimbabwe. The evaluation findings and recommendations assist IYF and its donors USAID, DFID, and SIDA to determine the effectiveness of the implemented activities and assess program design and implementation. The evaluation captured vital lessons learned, which can feed into future interventions. The specific objectives of the review were to assess the impact, efficiency, design, relevance, effectiveness, and sustainability of Zimbabwe: Works project.\n\nA participatory and consultative approach was adopted for this evaluation. All key stakeholders, including direct beneficiaries, participated in the evaluation process as key informants or focused group discussion participants. The threats to the validity of the evaluation findings include the evaluator's prior involvement with the project as a consultant in supporting the implementation of Z: W in gender mainstreaming. The assignment involved gender audits and gender policy development for seven partners: SMEAZ, AWEP, PROWEB, Restless Development, Virl, Zambuko, and RBCT. Another threat to the validity of the findings was the involvement of implementing partner staff in administering the Outcome Survey tool.\n", + "Key Findings": "• Investing technical and financial resources in post care support is crucial for projects of this nature.\n• Advisory board and Technical Working Group (TWG) played a major role in opening internship opportunities.\n• Partner coordination in private sector engagement is key to developing relationships across multiple sectors.\n• Involvement and participation of local stakeholders in the design and implementation of project activities is key to ensuring ownership and sustainability of project activities and benefits.\n• The sustainability of youth programming work largely depends on the level of technical, human resource and financial capacity of the implementing partner organization and hence all the three key tenets need to reach sustainable levels before weaning off these organizations.", + "Key Recommendations": "The evaluation recommends an investment in post-care support. \n\nConsideration should be given to supporting implementing partners which have produced good results, and for partners with a presence in the areas where project activities will be implemented.\n\nIn order to reach out to more youth, a working model of using local grassroots structures such as those put in place by the various government departments including Agriculture Extension Officers, Ward Coordinators and Youth Officers could be developed.\n\nThe evaluation further recommends a long project gestation period, more than three years to allow more time for business incubation and placement, considering the challenging economic environment,\nparticularly for internship placements. \n\nEngagement with national and local stakeholders: For ownership and sustainability of the project, there is need for more engagement with relevant government sectors at both national and district levels on the part of implementing partners. ", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00N6XM.pdf", + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships", + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment", + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Zimbabwe:Works" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth", + "Conflict" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "For-profit approach that generates sustainable income", + "Local Business", + "Formal Sector" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2017" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Kennedy Tetu", + "Edwin Mangeni Barasa" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Somalia" + ], + "Document ID": "1800-BARAS-SOM", + "Document Title": "Public-private partnerships in fragile states - Reflection on the practice, challenges and opportunities in Somaliland", + "Document Summary": "This paper largely draws from the experiences of the DfID-funded Sustainable Employment and Economic Development (SEED) programme implemented in Somalia. It seeks to shed light on Public Private Partnership (PPP) in fragile states to justify the continued dialogue on the viability of the PPP approach in enhancing governance and service delivery in public institutions and sustaining them towards economic development in Somalia. The thrust of this paper is that public and private sector partnership if enhanced in Somalia will create incremental effect to development which can later on be strengthened by a stable and credible polity. The operational thesis is that PPP can rely on existing structures and resources (local and external) to improve the deteriorated situation in Somalia but with a strong resolve to strengthen these structures for posterity.\n\nThe paper introduces various conceptual frameworks on PPP, advanced by scholars in the last decade. It also presents a variety of thoughts on the subject for purpose of getting insights into how the concept has been practiced in selected parts of the world.\n\nIt explores the pros and cons of public private sector collaboration and examines its application in Somalia. From a practical perspective a review of PPP implemented under the SEED programme is presented while exploring the opportunities to enhance the limited success so far experienced after implementation. In the final analysis, the paper presents suggestions on how to improve the investment environment as pertaining to PPP in order to contribute to sustainable economic development.", + "Key Findings": "From the foregoing, the resuscitation of the economy and the reconstruction of Somalia will largely depend on the business acumen of the private sector. The existing potential needs to be harnessed and directed towards ensuring business discipline that will not only serve the interests of the people of Somalia but also link them to the international market that they have been delinked from for more than two decades. PPP initiatives have the opportunity to serve show case what joint ventures with the public can result into given the orientation towards profit by the private sector and dedication towards service delivery to the general public that defines the state-citizens relations.\n\nDespite much hype about PPP, it may be necessary for those concerned to interrogate its viability based on potential threats within a given context. The following represent some of the risks that PPPs present: loss of control by the government/public sector, increased costs, political risks, bias in selection process, labor issues and unreliable/ reduced quality or efficiency services.\n\nThe SEED programme generated very important lessons as far as PPP is concerned. The participation of all stakeholders and involvement in decision making is one of the key lessons learnt. During the negotiation process, the inclusion of value chain actors to generate “buy-in” is very important and failure to do this could potentially result in sabotage and boycotts along the value chain which can adversely affect productivity of the facility", + "Key Recommendations": "The focus on local private sector players could have the benefit of compensating (to a certain extent) for the loss of external investors but more importantly increased local investment which is good for a recovering local economy with potential returns in employment creation and income generation. To this end, the private sector in Somaliland needs to be empowered to respond to demand for better services, guaranteeing quality output, and profitability. The existing social networks purely based on family/clan ties can facilitate such arrangements but this needs to be looked at vis-a-vis the presentation of the same networks as drivers of conflict a situation that projects that more of a dividing element in the complex web and layers of conflict in the greater Somalia.\n\nDespite all existing challenges that face PPP interventions in fragile states such as Somalia, greater opportunities exist that could act as a driving force towards strengthening such processes. The idea that PPPs could provide opportunities for investments that in turn creates employment and improve service delivery is a good justification for continued support for such ventures. Nevertheless, efforts towards making the operational environment conducive for business needs to be of prime priority as this will determine increase in the level of investment in the long run.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.fao.org/3/i9308en/I9308EN.pdf", + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Reputation and Credible Convening Power" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Conflict", + "Youth", + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Humanitarian Assistance", + "Agriculture and Food Security", + "Environment/Climate Change", + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "Landscape Analysis", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2018" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Boston Consulting Group (BCG)" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Indonesia" + ], + "Document ID": "1800-BCG-IDN", + "Document Title": "Strengthening Private Provider Engagement to Improve TB Outcomes in Indonesia", + "Document Summary": "The US Agency for International Development (USAID) commissioned this review to deepen understanding the institutional relationships and incentives of private sector health facilities and organizations in TB care in Indonesia. This report builds on a previous study commissioned by USAID, which focused on understanding individual private providers' critical behaviors and patients in Indonesia's private-sector TB care. \n\nThe report provides information to support the implementation of future initiatives to increase uptake and improve the quality of TB services, particularly opportunities to use JKN – the National Health Insurance system – as a lever to change the behaviors of private sector providers. The results of this review – in conjunction with the findings from the previous individual provider/patient review – will be used to inform USAID's upcoming Tuberculosis Private Sector (TBPS) activity, which will serve as USAID's principal investment in supporting Indonesia in improving TB services in the private sector.\n\n\nThe study involved qualitative fieldwork that included one-on-one structured interviews or focused group discussions with the DHO, management team, and/or TB team of private health facilities (i.e., hospitals, clinics, labs, and pharmacies), professional associations, and relevant civil society organizations (CSOs).\n", + "Key Findings": "Although the behaviors and the extent of the relationships for each facility type are influenced by different factors, there are two common drivers that affect all typologies: the size of the facility and level of participation in the BPJS-K program.\n\nTB contributes to less than 5% of revenue for private sector institutions.\n\nDistrict-based PPM (DPPM) is still in the early stages of implementation in Indonesia.\n\nThe review focused on two non-public stakeholders: professional\nassociations and CSOs, and found that only a few associations have TB-specific education programs or advocacy support.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00TGRX.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Health Care", + "Pharmaceuticals" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships", + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Health" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "For-profit approach that generates sustainable income", + "Local Business", + "Formal Sector" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Asia" + ], + "Year": "2018" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Lars Engberg-Pedersen", + "Adam Moe Fejerskov" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Denmark", + "Bangladesh", + "Ethiopia", + "Afghanistan", + "Somalia" + ], + "Document ID": "1800-Engbe-DNK-pr", + "Document Title": "The transformation of Danish foreign aid", + "Document Summary": "This article explores recent changes in Danish development priorities, budgets, and allocations vis-à-vis academic discussions on the ideal quality of aid and the issue of how development agencies adapt to a changing global context. The question was to what extent marked changes in Danish development cooperation could be identified, and secondly, to what extent these changes should be seen as responses to a changing global context or driven by other concerns. While over time, shifting development policies move back and forth between sets of similar priorities- which are continuously repackaged, reframed, and prioritized in their relative importance- remarkable changes have occurred during the 2010s. \n\nThe paper highlights that Danish foreign aid has moved from a combination of a set of values (human rights, democracy, good governance, sustainable environments, gender equality, etc.) and a concern with the ideas in the Paris Declaration on Aid Effectiveness (ownership, alignment, harmonization, and mutual accountability) towards a strong focus on short-term Danish non-development interests. The policies increasingly seek to satisfy Danish commercial interests through development cooperation, choices of partner countries and sectors, and multilateral development activities are no longer strongly related to a perceived need but rather made based on investment potential, security risk, migration concerns, and Danish (often commercial) capacities. The share of aid reaching developing countries is highly fluctuating, as bilateral budgets suffered a great blow between 2015 and 2016 when they were almost halved. Unsurprisingly, aid predictability has been significantly weakened at the hands of shifting priorities, leaving partner countries unable to trust in the persistence and dependability of Danish aid.", + "Key Findings": "Danish foreign aid has moved from a combination of a set of values (human rights, democracy, good governance, sustainable environments, gender equality, etc.) and a concern with the ideas in the Paris Declaration on Aid Effectiveness (ownership, alignment, harmonisation and mutual accountability) towards a strong focus on short-term Danish non-development interests. The policies increasingly seek to satisfy Danish commercial interests through development cooperation, and choices of partner countries, sectors and multilateral development activities are no longer strongly related to perceived need but rather made on the basis of investment potential, security risk, migration concerns and Danish (often commercial) capacities. The share of aid reaching developing countries is highly fluctuating, as bilateral budgets suffered a great blow between 2015 and 2016 when they were almost halved. Unsurprisingly, aid predictability has been weakened greatly at the hands of shifting priorities, leaving partner countries unable to trust in the persistence and dependability of Danish aid.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.diis.dk/en/research/the-transformation-of-danish-foreign-aid", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Engineering & Construction", + "Energy", + "Other", + "Financial Services" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "African Guarantee Fund" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments", + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;", + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Danish Foreign Policy Review" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "Peer-reviewed article or other research report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "For-profit Commercial Entity", + "Micro, Small, or Medium Enterprise", + "Local Business", + "Formal Sector", + "Financial Institution, Investors, and Intermediaries" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Europe and Eurasia", + "Asia", + "Africa", + "Afghanistan and Pakistan" + ], + "Year": "2018" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Randi Kaarhus" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Mozambique", + "Madagascar" + ], + "Document ID": "1800-Kaarh-MOZ-pr", + "Document Title": "Land, investments and publicprivate partnerships: what happened to the Beira Agricultural Growth Corridor in Mozambique?", + "Document Summary": "Influential discourses present Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) as essential for agricultural development in Africa; a parallel, critical debate on ‘land rushes’ has denounced Land Grabs, demanding increased accountability in FDI-based land deals. This article explores an initiative in central Mozambique, the Beira Agricultural Growth Corridor (BAGC). It shows how the international fertilizer company Yara set out to enroll actors at different levels in business, governance, and agricultural development into BAGC as a public-private partnership to promote commercial agriculture. Soon, Yara shifted its engagement and market strategy, leaving the BAGC initiative to support donors and local producers. The analysis presented here shows how the tension between ‘patient-capital’ requirements, high risks, and low immediate returns have shaped this case over time – in a context of a national political economy framed by extractive-resource dynamics. This article is based on a comprehensive case study covering 2008-2016/17, with fieldwork periods concentrated on 2009-2011. ", + "Key Findings": "This article explores an initiative located in central Mozambique, the Beira Agricultural Growth Corridor (BAGC). It shows how the international fertiliser company Yara set out to enrol actors at different levels in business, governance and agricultural development into BAGC as a public-private partnership to promote commercial agriculture. Very soon, however, Yara made shifts in its engagement and market strategy, leaving the BAGC initiative to supporting donors and local producers. The analysis presented here shows how the tension between ‘patient-capital’ requirements, high risks and low immediate returns have shaped this case over time – in a context of a national political economy framed by extractive-resource dynamics.", + "Key Recommendations": "National as well as international public actors need to increase their direct support and commitment to agricultural development – at appropriate scales, and in ways that take local knowledge, local investment priorities and local time horizons seriously. The experiences represented by the remaining actors in the BAGC Catalytic Fund may provide valuable lessons informing such a reorientation.", + "Internet URL of Document": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0022278X17000489", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Chemicals", + "Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, and Hunting" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Vale", + "AgDevCo", + "InfraCo", + "Yara", + "Prorustica" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Flexibility and Pace" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Risk-Mitigation and Flexible Authorities" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;", + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Journal of Modern African Studies" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Agriculture and Food Security" + ], + "Type of Document": "Peer-reviewed article or other research report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "For-profit approach that generates sustainable income", + "For-profit Commercial Entity", + "Multi-national Business", + "Large Enterprise", + "Formal Sector", + "Local Business" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2018" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Miriam Otoo", + "Nicole Lefore", + "Petra Schmitter", + "Jennie Barron", + "Gebrehaweria Gebregziabher" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Ethiopia" + ], + "Document ID": "1800-Otoo-ETH", + "Document Title": "Business Model Scenarios and Suitability: Smallholder Solar Pump-based Irrigation in Ethiopia", + "Document Summary": "Business Model Scenarios and Suitability: Smallholder Solar Pump-based Irrigation in Ethiopia, a research report outlines a business model approach to assessing the feasibility and encouraging investment in smallholder solar pump irrigation. It also proposes a new methodology for mapping the suitability of solar energy-based irrigation pumps. The proposed business model framework and the methods for suitability mapping are applied to Ethiopia as a case study based on data from existing case studies and reports. A brief analysis outlines the regulatory and institutional context for investment in solar pump irrigation and how it both constrains and attempts to support investment. The report identifies and outlines three business model scenarios that present opportunities for investing in smallholder solar pump-based irrigation, which would contribute towards sustainable intensification for food and nutrition security.\n\nAccording to the report, the business model scenarios are based on the value proposition of supplying water to smallholder farmers for irrigated agricultural production. Analysis of potential gains and benefits suggests that the direct purchase of solar pumps by farmers is feasible and that out-grower schemes and pump supplier options with bundled financing offer promising solutions. The potential constraints different investors may face in scaling the business models are also discussed, particularly within institutional, regulatory, and financial contexts. The report provides development actors and investors with evidence-based information on the suitability and sustainability of solar pump irrigation in Ethiopia, as well as suggestions for helping to enable smallholders to invest in individually owned smallholder photovoltaic (PV) solar pumps.\n\nThe development of the business models described in this report drew on a broad range of information sources, including published and grey literature, key informant interviews, focus group discussions, secondary quantitative data, and recently collected data. The information emerged from a study – commissioned by IWMI (Alemayehu 2016) – to collect data from the private sector, relevant government officials, individual farmers using solar pumps for irrigation/drinking water, and non-profit and research organizations implementing solar pump programs. In addition, the report used data from a 2015-2016 field pilot case study of solar irrigation pumps with men and women farmers, which was conducted through the Livestock and Irrigation Value chains for Ethiopian Smallholders (LIVES) and the Africa Research in Sustainable Intensification for the Next Generation (Africa RISING) projects.\n", + "Key Findings": "The report identifies and outlines three business model scenarios that present opportunities for investing in smallholder solar pump-based irrigation, which would contribute towards sustainable intensification for food and nutrition security.\n\nAnalysis of potential gains and benefits suggests that direct purchase of solar pumps by farmers is feasible, and that out-grower schemes and pump supplier options with bundled financing offer promising solutions.", + "Internet URL of Document": "http://www.iwmi.cgiar.org/Publications/IWMI_Research_Reports/PDF/pub172/rr172.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Financial Services", + "Business Services" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "IFAD", + "CGIAR" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments", + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "IWMI" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Environment/Climate Change", + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Financial Institution, Investors, and Intermediaries", + "Formal Sector", + "Multi-national Business" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2018" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Save the Children" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "1800-TOPS-GLO", + "Document Title": "The Technical and Operational Performance Support (TOPS) Program Final Report", + "Document Summary": "Reflecting Food for Peace (FFP)’s strong commitment to organizational learning, the Technical and Operational Performance Support (TOPS) was created to facilitate knowledge exchange among practitioners in the food security community for two primary purposes: to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of U.S. Government-funded development food security activities; and to strengthen the knowledge, skills, and practices of the implementing partners (IPs) in delivering those activities to improve the lives of vulnerable families around the world. Save the Children, the leader of the award, provided overall vision and managerial oversight for TOPS and led a consortium of four PVO partners experienced in food security and nutrition programming. The consortium comprised CORE Group (knowledge management); Food for the Hungry (social and behavioral change); Mercy Corps (agriculture and natural resource management, resilience); and TANGO International (monitoring and evaluation, resilience). Save the Children brought technical expertise to TOPS in nutrition and food technology, commodity management, and gender.\n\nThe TOPS consortium members worked together to achieve four program results (PRs): Knowledge Capture; Knowledge Generation; Knowledge Application; and Knowledge Sharing. The report covers the entire seven years in a comprehensive look at the sum of the work in TOPS’ program activities, achievement of program targets, and overall impact on thinking and practice in the food security and nutrition community. The project successfully achieved its goal using strategies such as a directed program of capacity strengthening activities, an inclusive community of practice, the formation and mobilization of an inclusive Program Advisory Committee, the launch of a food security and nutrition website, and the launch of the Small Grants Program.\n", + "Key Findings": "The TOPS Program operated from August 2010 through January 2018. During seven-plus years, the five consortium members collaboratively engaged with scores of food security actors in hundreds of activities globally. TOPS staff, implementing partner organizations, and USAID/FFP experts worked together to learn and share knowledge, advance thinking, and apply improved practices in food security programming. TOPS addressed the four PRs using a variety of strategies and techniques, from interactive learning/sharing events to small grants, and more. At the end of each program year, TOPS submitted individual annual progress reports (APRs) to FFP describing that year’s successes and\nchallenges in delivering this broad range of activities, interactions, and outputs.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00W467.pdf", + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID", + "TOPS" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Agriculture and Food Security" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2018" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Winrock International" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Bangladesh", + "Burma", + "Nepal", + "Cambodia", + "Ghana", + "Turkmenistan", + "Vietnam", + "Zimbabwe" + ], + "Document ID": "1800-Winro-MLT", + "Document Title": "Asia Farmer-to-Farmer Program Final Report", + "Document Summary": "Winrock International implemented the five-year Asia Farmer-to-Farmer (F2F) Program from October 1, 2013, to September 29, 20181, in the core countries of Bangladesh, Burma, and Nepal and non-core countries of Cambodia, Ghana, Turkmenistan, Vietnam, and Zimbabwe. The Asia F2F Program goal was to generate rapid, sustainable, and broad-based food security and economic growth in the agricultural sector. A secondary goal was to increase the American public's understanding of international development issues and programs and international understanding of the U.S. and U.S. development programs. The program objectives were to introduce new technologies and innovations and develop local capacity for more productive, profitable, sustainable, and equitable agricultural systems. Concurrently, the program provided opportunities for people-to-people interaction in agricultural development activities. This report summarizes activities, results, and impacts on the program's life (LOP). It analyzes the results against program performance, impact indicators, and program activities and has implications for each Country's F2F Project. The report presents the volunteer assignment summaries and success stories.\n\nDespite the project's success, Asia F2F's hosts and partners faced significant barriers to economic progress during the LOP. Bangladesh experienced recurring strikes that prevented road travel and other security concerns, such as terrorist attach in 2016, throughout the five-year program. In spring 2015, a 7.8 magnitude earthquake and recurring aftershocks in Nepal postponed all F2F assignments for nine weeks. In the fall of 2015, a four-month blockade between the Nepal-India border created extreme fuel shortages, another economic and humanitarian crisis for Nepal's citizens. In Burma, heavy floods affected parts of the country in 2015, and hailstorms affected F2F hosts in Mandalay and Southern Shan State in 2016. Despite these challenges, F2F stayed on track with implementation by adjusting assignment schedules and locations. Asia F2F's regional approach allowed several scheduled volunteers to work in other core countries when travel restrictions occurred successfully. Other problems affecting F2F hosts are inflation, market stability, and trade policy. F2F volunteers responded by helping hosts diversify market outlets and improve storage, postharvest handling, and processing to strengthen farmers' negotiating positions and increase net incomes.", + "Key Findings": "In five years, Asia F2F hosts and participants achieved the following results and impacts:\n• 30 universities, five colleges, and five tertiary/vocational and technical institutes adopted more relevant, up-to-date curriculum and better programs and opportunities for hands-on student learning.\n• 2,000 faculty and lecturers gained new technical knowledge, better research and data analysis skills, and new teaching tools for lesson planning, engaging students, and assessing learning.\n• Volunteers helped scale up agricultural technologies and practices that increase profitability and improve natural resource management, and introduced 694 new and improved products and services, benefitting nearly 3 million members, owners, clients, and\nsuppliers.\n• F2F volunteers worked with hosts and partners to develop new training modules, videos, and printed training manuals and booklets that hosts are using to continue disseminating new practices and skills –reaching over 200,000 individuals thus far, thereby significantly increasing the spread effect of the F2F program.\n• Informal AET assignments increased annual net incomes for 8,335 producers and agribusinesses by $65,015.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00TG4B.pdf", + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Agriculture and Food Security" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Asia", + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2018" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Thomaz Alvares de Azevedo" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "1801-Alvar-GLO", + "Document Title": "Assessment of the Quality of USAID-Funded Evaluations: Education Sector, 2013-2016", + "Document Summary": "This evaluation report assesses the quality of USAID-funded evaluations in the education sector to curate, analyze, and disseminate the robust evidence generated by USAID related to the objectives laid out in the Agency's 2011 Education Strategy. The evaluations included in this study spanned the Agency's three Education Strategy Goals, all six USAID regions, and countries ranging from low- to upper-middle income and those that were or were not in crisis and conflict. The Office of Education may use findings from this study to identify specific topics on which it could develop additional guidance, products, and presentations to improve the quality of evidence generated for USAID-funded activities in the education sector.\n\nIn collaboration with the Office of Education, the study team developed an evaluation quality tool based on a framework for assessing principles of quality that was prepared by the United Kingdom's Department for International Development and produced by the Building Evidence in Education (BE). For each principle, the study team developed assessment items based on the USAID Evaluation Policy and relevant Automated Directives System (ADS) sections for evaluation; the group also adapted items from established evaluation report quality checklists. Before this assessment, the study team piloted the tool in a workshop co-presented with the Office of Education at the Comparative and International Education Society's 2017 annual conference. The study team developed an online platform for reviewing two reviewers' evaluations. Each pair of reviewers also met virtually to reconcile any differences in scoring and produce consensus responses. \n\nThe design and implementation of this study faced several limitations. The design, implementation, and overall quality of the evaluations reviewed in this study were likely affected by the programmatic realignment that the projects and activities being evaluated faced during the rollout of the Education Strategy. Some of the information assessed in the evaluation quality tool might have been missing from the evaluation report since it was not a part of the original evaluation statement of work. This study did not include value for money among the principles of quality assessed, as examining cost information was outside the assessment's scope.\n", + "Key Findings": "Overall, the evaluations showed greater strength in conceptual framing and cogency, and greater weakness in validity and reliability. \n\nThis aligns with findings from the U.S. Government Accountability\nOffice’s (GAO’s) 2017 performance audit about how Agencies Can Improve the Quality and Dissemination of Program Evaluations, which reviewed 49 performance and 14 impact evaluation reports from all USAID sectors. \n\nThis suggests that the quality issues facing the education sector are present in other sectors.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00SRW1.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Business Services" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "MSI" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Flexibility and Pace" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth", + "Conflict" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Education and Social Services" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "American Business", + "For-profit approach that generates sustainable income", + "Large Enterprise", + "Formal Sector" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2018" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Banyan Global" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Tunisia" + ], + "Document ID": "1801-Banya-TUN", + "Document Title": "Tunisian American Enterprise Fund (TAEF) Evaluation", + "Document Summary": "Banyan Global conducted an early implementation evaluation of the Tunisian American Enterprise Fund (TAEF) in collaboration with subcontractor Millennium Partners to provide USAID/Washington with a full, evidence-based, and independent early implementation evaluation of the first three and a half years of TAEF to determine if TAEF has successfully laid the foundation for success. The focus is to address whether TAEF’s internal governing structure and related operational activities, as well as its investment strategy and engagement with the private sector, will effectively yield financial and development impact success over the next decade. Specifically, this evaluation examines four evaluation questions related to TAEF’s governance, operations, private-sector engagement, and investment strategy. \n\nThe evaluation used mixed methods for this assessment. Meetings and key informant interviews (KIIs) were conducted in the United States and Tunisia. At the same time, focus group discussions (FGDs) and investee site visits in Tunisia enabled the team to assess TAEF’s foundational structures critically. A rigorous mix of quantitative methods provided data against which qualitative information collected from interviews, FGDs, and meetings were coded and analyzed. A thorough review of documents provided context to understand the private sector in Tunisia and a means to question, triangulate, and research findings from various sources.\n\nWhile the team conducted a rigorous and thorough evaluation, some limitations may have impacted the evaluation findings. Interview data are prone to cognitive biases, including recall and social desirability bias. While electronic surveys can reach large numbers of respondents, the challenge is often low uptake and the inability to ask probing questions. While FGDs allowed the evaluation team to interact with more SMEs in open-ended discussions, they are not necessarily a representative method, can be subject to respondent bias, and can be skewed by individuals who dominate the conversation. The team encountered an issue with all necessary documents through the desk review, especially confidential ones.\n", + "Key Findings": "In conducting this early implementation evaluation, the evaluation team determined that TAEF has successfully laid the foundations for achieving its legislative and grant agreement purposes to develop Tunisia’s private sector.\n\nThe evaluation team found that TAEF’s governance structures and processes largely conform to internationally accepted best practices.\n\nWith regards to TAEF’'s operations, the evaluation team finds that the existing operating structures, policies, and procedures at this stage of TAEF’s operational history provide an effective foundation for implementing TAEF’s investment goals as set forth in the legislation and grant agreement between USAID and TAEF.\n\nTAEF has strategically engaged the private sector, along with other stakeholders, including USAID-funded projects as important elements in identifying investees.", + "Key Recommendations": "Promoting operational continuity through succession planning and establishing term limits.\n\nAdopting a portfolio-management data system.\n\nDocumenting development impact considerations.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://banyanglobal.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/TAEF-Final-Evaluation-Report.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Financial Services" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "TAEF Advisory Company", + "Tunisian American SME Company", + "SME Consulting Company" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Financial Institution, Investors, and Intermediaries" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Middle East" + ], + "Year": "2018" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Suvira Chaturvedi", + "Ashley Barr", + "Bazlur Rahman" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Bangladesh" + ], + "Document ID": "1801-Chatu-BGD", + "Document Title": "Final Performance Evaluation: Feed the Future Bangladesh Women’s Empowerment Activity (WEA)", + "Document Summary": "USAID/Bangladesh Development Objective (D.O.) 2: Food Security Improved is Bangladesh's flagship D.O. for the U.S. Government's Feed the Future (FTF) initiative. Within the DO2 portfolio, USAID is funding a three-year activity titled \"Feed the Future Bangladesh Women's Empowerment Activity (WEA, implemented by Winrock International and sub-partners from December 1, 2014, to November 30, 2017, since extended to May 31, 2018. WEA empowers women by strengthening women's community leadership, improving women's decision-making over productive resources and agricultural production, improving control over income and time use, and increasing social acceptance of women's empowerment. The WEA final performance evaluation assesses the extent to which WEA has achieved its overall performance goals. The primary objectives of the review are to determine the efficiency, effectiveness, and sustainability of the approaches and models of WEA for promoting women's empowerment and to identify and document good practices, lessons learned, and factors that influenced program effectiveness. The evaluation addresses six questions related to WEA's success in increasing women's empowerment; the effectiveness of WEA training; challenges WEA faced; the effectiveness of WEA's approach to linking women to training, financing, and markets for income-generating activities (IGAs); the effectiveness of village savings and loan (VSL) activities; and sustainability.\n\nThe evaluation team used a mixed-methods approach to gather qualitative and quantitative data from primary and secondary sources, with attention to gender sensitivity and sex-disaggregated data. The team reviewed relevant documents and data provided by USAID and WEA, including reports from other USAID FTF activities in Bangladesh. The team conducted Key Informant Interviews (KIIs) and Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) with individuals. To avoid sampling bias, the evaluation team used a three-tier random selection of upazilas, women's groups, and participants from women's groups. Direct observation visits and a \"mini-survey\" were given to women beneficiaries of WEA. Limitations - Constraints included time and geographical distances, which made it impractical to conduct the evaluation in all five project districts. The assessment occurred during the monsoon season, with heavy rains in some locations. One site observation visit in Barisal was canceled due to a sudden downpour.", + "Key Findings": "The evaluation team suggests the following six lessons learned from WEA:\n Group-based strategies empower women.\n Engaging men effectively in women’s empowerment is essential.\n Technical training for women on agricultural and entrepreneurial skills is a good approach to women’s empowerment.\n Earlier and more reinforced links to government, NGOs and private trader services are essential for the long-term success of women’s IGAs and for women’s full empowerment.\n Women’s VSL groups have significant benefits for women’s empowerment and other development outcomes.\n Private sector partners can significantly contribute to women’ empowerment, but present challenges for development partners because their primary focus is efficient use of human and other resources to ensure profit, rather than long-term investment in the development and empowerment of people and communities. ", + "Key Recommendations": "1. Integrate some aspects of the WEA approach, with its core element of women’s empowerment in agriculture, in other USAID/Bangladesh FTF programs where applicable.\n\n2. Provide additional, hands-on technical training for WEA women beneficiaries.\n\n3. Consider alternative vocabulary to “women’s empowerment” to reduce resistance.\n\n4. Organize and facilitate additional workshops for women with market actors.\n\n5. Enhance training on accounting systems for VSLs members and start a new VSL cycle.\n\n6. Consolidate WEA gains.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00SWCG.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Pharmaceuticals", + "Chemicals" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "ACI Ltd" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships", + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth", + "Conflict" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Agriculture and Food Security" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Regional Business", + "For-profit approach that generates sustainable income", + "Formal Sector", + "Large Enterprise" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Asia" + ], + "Year": "2018" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Arthur H. Mitchell", + "Sudipta Chatterjee", + "Karen Glenski", + "Bishwa Paudyal" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "India" + ], + "Document ID": "1801-Mitch-IND", + "Document Title": "Final Evaluation Report: Partnership for Land Use Science (FOREST-PLUS) Program ", + "Document Summary": "This document is a final performance evaluation report of the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) Partnership for Land Use Science (Forest-PLUS) program in India. This assessment aims to evaluate the program’s relevance, effectiveness, efficiency, potential sustainability, and likelihood of impact. Evaluation findings can be used to learn lessons for future program design. The evaluation used a mixed-methods and gender-oriented approach. Methods included (1) a systematic review of relevant literature and Forest-PLUS program documents, (2) semi-structured key informant interviews (KIIs), (3) focus group discussions (FGDs), (4) direct observation of program-supported technologies and community activities, and (5) an online survey of training participants. The recall bias, response bias, selection bias, and online survey respondents were some of the evaluation limitations that the study team faced.", + "Key Findings": "1. Engaging the private sector to further climate change mitigation and environmental conservation was effective and could be used in other USAID/India programs.\n\n2. Effectively responding to the needs of GOI institutions requires building the capacity in many forestry and climate change topics and addressing the importance of training a wide spectrum of stakeholders within the government (including upper-level, mid-level, and front-line field staff.)\n\n3. USAID programs, especially those intended to build capacity of government counterparts, should factor in the time and human resources necessary to build and maintain strong relationships over\nthe life of the program.\n\n4. The program has shown that promoting long-term carbon sequestration and reduced GHG emissions is possible through an emphasis on capacity building for improved forest management\npractices; awareness campaigns on harmful impacts of deforestation and forest degradation; improved forest and carbon measurement TTMs; community programs with promise as models\nfor scaling; and private sector and donor support for awareness campaigns, forest protection, and restoration.\n\n5. An environmental program can significantly impact the lives of women and men through TTMs that provide them with income generating opportunities.", + "Key Recommendations": "1. Interventions that are linked to livelihoods showed great promise and uptake in communities. \n\n2. USAID should plan to conduct a comprehensive training needs assessment with the GOI that includes an assessment of the need for training across sectors, at different levels and for training\nof trainers.\n\n3. USAID should continue to emphasize frequent and repeated communication of project goals, activities, and approaches to GOI counterparts, especially as staff turnover occurs.\n\n4. USAID should consider scaling up and expanding focused, needs assessment-based, capacity building and awareness campaigns at all levels, targets and topics to include, for example, awareness of global carbon markets.\n\n5. Future USAID programs should continue the highly successful practice demonstrated by Forest-PLUS to consider gender when designing activities based on the particular social conditions of the state or community where activities are to be implemented.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00D5TM.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Technology", + "Transportation and Warehousing" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Mahindra", + "Sanyo", + "Pangaea" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID", + "Social Impact" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Agriculture and Food Security" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "For-profit approach that generates sustainable income", + "Multi-national Business", + "American Business", + "Formal Sector", + "Large Enterprise" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Asia" + ], + "Year": "2018" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "mSTAR" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "1801-mSTAR-GLO", + "Document Title": "Using Digital Tools to Expand Access to Agricultural Insurance", + "Document Summary": "This is a guiding document that guides using Digital Tools to Expand Access to Agricultural Insurance and aims to help USAID and its development partners effectively leverage these new tools to expand access to and use agricultural insurance. This guide aims to support the integration of digital tools and interventions that promote access to agriculture insurance to develop an inclusive insurance market that meets the needs of households and enterprises at all income levels. This guide provides an analytical framework to help USAID staff and implementing partners determine approaches for using digital tools to expand access to agricultural insurance further. The guide highlights current industry practices and shares examples of digital initiatives and models. Templates and illustrative examples are included to assist USAID mission staff and implementing partners in determining the appropriate type and level of intervention. \n\nThe guide's content is based on a desk review of existing research, pilot initiatives, project activities, and other business models that have integrated digital tools into their agricultural insurance offerings. While all efforts were made to be comprehensive, the examples provided in this guide are meant to be informative and illustrative rather than best practices. It should also be recognized that technological innovations occur at a rapid pace. As such, this guide provides a snapshot of tools implemented as of late 2017.\n", + "Key Findings": "• Between 2014 and 2015, the number of mobile insurance policies issued worldwide increased by 68 percent, to a total of 31 million policies.\n• Only 7 percent of these new policies are in agricultural insurance, so there is tremendous opportunity in the sector.\n• Advances in remote sensing technologies have produced several 30-year time series of rainfall data, enabling government and private insurers to develop and calibrate more accurate predictive models for risk coverage and pricing.\n• In Uganda, the USAID Commodity Production and Marketing (CPM) Activity used mobile technology to collect biographical information on smallholder farmers and connect them to a range of digital financial services, bundling crop insurance and production loans to increase client value.\n• In India, the use of radio frequency identification devices (RFID) comprising a microchip inserted into livestock resulted in fewer fraudulent claims and faster claims processing.\n• The use of a mobile-based loyalty model to offer insurance—where coverage is based on parameters such as increased use of airtime, mobile money transactions, or savings in mobile wallets—has achieved significant scale in certain countries. ", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://2017-2020.usaid.gov/sites/default/files/documents/15396/Guide_to_Using_Digital_Tools_to_Expand_Agricultural_Insurance.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Technology", + "Financial Services" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Trustco Group Holdings", + "Econet Wireless", + "First Mutual Life", + "Hollard Insurance", + "MTN Ghana", + "MFS Africa", + "MicroEnsure", + "UAP", + "CIC", + "Jubilee", + "Heritage", + "Amaco", + "Kenya Orient", + "APA Insurance", + "Swiss Re", + "Chemonics International", + "Akorion Company Ltd", + "Tokio Marine", + "Nichido Fire Inc.", + "SORAS" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments", + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;", + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID", + "Feed the Future" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Agriculture and Food Security" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "For-profit approach that generates sustainable income", + "Multi-national Business", + "Regional Business", + "Formal Sector", + "Large Enterprise", + "Micro, Small, or Medium Enterprise" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2018" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Lauren Persha", + "John Magistro", + "Mamadou Baro" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Niger" + ], + "Document ID": "1801-Persh-NER", + "Document Title": "Summative Performance Evaluation of Food for Peace Title II Projects LAHIA, PASAM-TAI, and SAWKI in Niger", + "Document Summary": "This document is a summative performance evaluation report of the United States Agency for International Development's (USAID) Food Assistance Projects (DFAPs) in Niger. The evaluation was conducted to: measure the development outcomes of the PASAM-TAI, LAHIA, and Sawki projects; assess the performance of processes established independently by the projects to achieve project outcomes and sustainability; evaluate the effectiveness and relevance of the technical interventions in terms of achieving project outcomes; and identify best practices, strengths, and challenges in project design. The objective was to derive conclusions and recommendations that FFP and the USAID Mission in Niger should consider in the design and development of future projects to achieve food and nutrition security and strengthen the resilience capacities of households and communities in the Sahel region. The evaluation's findings, conclusions, and recommendations are expected to have primary accountability and learning value for USAID stakeholders (FFP/Washington, USAID/Niger, FFP West Africa Regional Office, and the FFP learning network). The assessment relied on a very robust database of information derived from two population-based surveys (PBS) of households in areas supported by the three projects—as well as extensive key informant interviews (KIIs) and group discussions (GDs). ", + "Key Findings": "Analysis of PBS results and supporting qualitative data from\nbeneficiaries and key stakeholders and review of IP documentation indicates that each of the several overarching goals and outcomes across most of the associated technical sectors were met. \n\nThere were some notable exceptions on the: poverty indicators; water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) indicators; and prevalence of underweight women. \n\nAcross the three DFAPs, greater challenges were experienced\nfor activities related to value chain development and other livelihoods/income-generating activities (IGAs), water infrastructure, and latrine building which were also reflected in the midterm evaluations for the projects. \n\nThe water and latrine issues may contribute to the smaller or negligible gains on WASH indicators that were generally observed.\n\nThe use of financial services increased during the project timeframe, but gains were smaller and the overall use of financial services among the populations within the project area was still relatively small at endline.", + "Key Recommendations": "Overall: Future project design may consider the potential gains associated with an implementation model that aims for fewer activities and more direct beneficiaries per activity within a given community, which may in turn increase the marginal impact per household and likelihood for sustained gains across all households in a community.\n\nMCHN and WASH: FFP should consider replicating and expanding the SBCC model on MCHN interventions that emphasizes gender segregated caregiver/peer educator groups promoting positive health, nutrition, and hygiene outcomes in future DFAPs in Niger.\n\nAgriculture and Livelihoods: The package of CA techniques, improved seed varieties, and effective service delivery models (Farmer Field School, Participatory Varietal Selection) should be closely reviewed for potential scale up in future DFSA design.\n\nResilience: A strategic review of the structural factors impeding progress of the SCAP-RU to work more effectively with commune and regional government authorities should be undertaken by FFP.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00SV58.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, and Hunting", + "Business Services" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "AMATE", + "HALAL", + "ICRISAT" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge", + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Agriculture and Food Security" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Multi-national Business", + "Regional Business", + "For-profit approach that generates sustainable income", + "Formal Sector", + "Local Business" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2018" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Nancy Mock", + "Elizabeth Cuellar" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Haiti" + ], + "Document ID": "1801-TANGO-HTI", + "Document Title": "Review of Food for Peace Market-Based Emergency Food Assistance Programs: Haiti Case-Study Report", + "Document Summary": "This report is one of seven case studies conducted under a global review of Food for Peace (FFP) market-based emergency programs (MBEP) that received Emergency Food Security Program (EFSP) or Title II 202(e)-enhanced funding between FY 2010 and 2016. This case study provides information about the global review’s four main objectives: (1) establish a historical narrative about FFP market-based emergency food assistance programming between 2010 and 2016, (2) review program design and implementation processes, (3) analyze program cost-efficiency trends across a range of variables, and (4) identify developmental impacts of the projects on local economies and market actors.\n\nThe global review is based on: FFP’s guidance, award documents, and partner reports; field visits to seven countries specified by FFP; and data, documentation and information provided by FFP, IPs, key informants, and program beneficiaries. A consistent methodology was used across cases to allow for comparison and aggregation of findings for the Global Report. The review is intended to gather lessons learned that focus on how FFP, as a unique actor and the largest international food assistance donor, has evolved to address food security in crisis contexts.", + "Key Findings": "Haiti is a very low-income country with a degraded ecological setting that faces repeated threats from multiple hazards. It is an excellent example of Food for Peace (FFP) linking emergency and development funding through the Kore Lavi Title II program that serves as a model for the national social protection program. FFP effectively provides multiple and blended food assistance modalities as well as modalities that are sequenced and layered where implementing partners provide a combination of different types of assistance through different modalities, depending on the needs of the Haitian population. This approach has shown to be an effective strategy for addressing both short- and long-term needs to improve resilience trajectories. Families were relocated to evacuation centers and received hot meals even before Hurricane Matthew struck in 2016 in part due to the versatility of Title II 202(e)- enhanced funds. As an example of sequencing, this was followed by cash transfers and essential non-food items for immediate shelter and hygiene through close cooperation between FFP and the Office of U.S. Foreign Disaster Assistance. FFP-funded implementing partners also provided unconditional cash transfers, Cash for Work, and agricultural vouchers in the months following the hurricane to ensure layered programming would meet beneficiaries’ needs. Beneficiaries in Kore Lavi areas also received food voucher programming to meet ongoing food security needs.", + "Key Recommendations": "Continue to invest in enhancing humanitarian and development funded programming, such as Kore Lavi, to ensure long-term solutions, by improving coordination mechanisms (including systematization of monitoring and evaluation across IPs in partnerships).\nIPs should continue to invest in preparedness, especially in a fragile context where natural disasters are expected to continue. Although advancements have been made in establishing supply chains in Haiti, a continued investment in having prepositioned assistance and supply chains for multiple food assistance modalities can help ensure timely response mechanisms.\nEncourage IPs to continue to select modalities that address the needs of the population at the community-level following different types of disasters, based on the local context – including conducting studies on modality options based on the Haitian context.\n Encourage IPs to continue to layer and sequence development and emergency interventions following the onset of a disaster so they meet the changing needs of the population over time. This is particularly needed in Haiti where coherence between various programming needs to continue to invest in improving the resilience trajectories of the population so that people are not worse off after each disaster.\nContinue to partner with government stakeholders to ensure graduation strategies are effectively rolled out, particularity for social protection schemes, including ensuring that donor- government collaboration is consistent among the numerous stakeholders involved in both the humanitarian and development response in Haiti.\nContinue to ensure that emergency transfers are planned to respond to local planting seasons so that assistance is provided during the lean season, for instance (April to early June). This would help farmers to plan around their seasonal calendars to be able to pay for expenses.\nContinue to encourage IPs to work with local community groups (including CBOs and faith- based groups) to ensure programming is community-driven, responsive, accountable to the most vulnerable, and continues to promote long-term partnerships with local groups with programming that reflects the idiosyncrasies of the Haitian socio-political environment and culture.\nContinue to invest in engaging beneficiaries and local community groups and leaders to ensure accountability and prevent fraud, waste, and loss.\n Continue to invest in the capacity of a network of vendors and suppliers to support local markets’ ability to respond to emergencies, especially since local market-based actors are often responsive immediately after disasters in Haiti.\n Continue to invest in improving digital distribution mechanisms through partnerships with the private sector (i.e., mobile service providers) while investing in digital literacy and mobile coverage, particularly in rural areas.\nContinue to promote local food production in program design. In cases where local goods are not available, the use of imported goods to supplement and eventually complement local foods should continue. This approach would continue to take into consideration local food preferences and crop potential.\nContinue to invest in the cash supply chain through continued cash preparedness training of IP staff and ensuring that cash transfer companies and vendors are equipped to handle cash transfers.\nContinue to conduct market assessments prior to emergencies, including at sub-national levels, to prevent delays in implementation immediately after a disaster.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.calpnetwork.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/pa00t2bx-1.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Food & Beverage" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "TANGO International" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Efficiency and Effectiveness", + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Agriculture and Food Security", + "Humanitarian Assistance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Corporate Foundation" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Latin America and the Carribean" + ], + "Year": "2018" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Feed the Future" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global", + "Uganda" + ], + "Document ID": "1801-USAID-GLO", + "Document Title": "Private Sector Consultation of Climate Smart Agriculture", + "Document Summary": "This report has been prepared based on information collected from coffee companies. This study's results are supplemented by a case study of Ugandan coffee companies, illustrating how their use of and need for climate information differs at the national level. The results give insight into the types of information private sector companies seek to design and implement effective climate-smart agriculture programs. It also yields insight into information and tools that facilitate sector-level strategies.\n\nThe report provides an analytical view of private sector commitments, approaches, and needs regarding climate-smart agriculture, so members can tailor tools and resources to the private sector. The section \"Current Programs, Initiatives, and Roadblocks\" gives an overview of the activities that the coffee companies interviewed are focused on and involved in. The section also covers perceived \"roadblocks\" or challenges to implementing climate-smart agriculture programs. It provides insights to the ARC consortium into the types of tools or resources that could be used to support current activities or as a solution to challenges faced by the companies in implementing effective strategies or initiatives. Demand and Use of Climate Change Information illustrate the different types of climate information companies use, where they see the gaps, and in what format they would most likely access and use tools and resources. This section gives detailed insight into the type of information and tools companies are looking for and what formats are most appealing for use so that consortium members can tailor information and tools to the private sector's needs. Drivers for Decision-Making discusses the range of corporate priorities for engagement, how that is reflected by the position of the sustainability department, and who are the leading influencers of the CSA and sustainability strategies. This section gives insight into how different companies view climate change in coffee, which will help the ARC consortium members determine how to approach and work with other companies and what types of tools and resources they will find most helpful.\n", + "Key Findings": "One of the key findings of this study is that in order to successfully approach companies and tailor tools and resources to their needs, tool/resource developers need to understand the role of climate smart agriculture within their business model and sustainability strategy, their motivations for investing in climate smart agriculture and the types of tools and resources that would most benefit them.", + "Internet URL of Document": "http://sustainablefoodlab.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/Private-Sector-Consultation-on-Climate-Smart-Agriculture-FtF.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Food & Beverage", + "Processing & Manufacturing", + "Retail", + "Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, and Hunting", + "Business Services" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Cooperative Coffees", + "Ecom", + "EFICO", + "Farmer Brothers", + "JDE", + "Keurig Green Mountain", + "Lavazza", + "Nestle", + "Olam International", + "Paulig", + "S&D", + "Strauss Coffee", + "Sucafina", + "Tchibo", + "Union Hand Roasted Coffee", + "Volcafé", + "Sustainable Food Laboratory", + "Green Line Consulting", + "International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA)", + "International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT)" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Reputation and Credible Convening Power" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Agriculture and Food Security" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Regional Business", + "Multi-national Business", + "Micro, Small, or Medium Enterprise", + "Large Enterprise", + "Formal Sector", + "For-profit approach that generates sustainable income", + "American Business" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2018" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Gilberto Montibeller", + "Jarrod Goentzel", + "Corinne Carland" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Uganda" + ], + "Document ID": "1802-Carla-UGA", + "Document Title": "Modeling the values of private sector agents in multi-echelon humanitarian supply chains", + "Document Summary": "Humanitarian organizations (HOs) increasingly look to engage private sector supply chains in achieving outcomes. The right engagement approach may require knowledge of agents’ preferences across multi-echelon supply chains to align private sector value creation with humanitarian outcomes. We propose a multi-attribute value analysis (MAVA) framework to elucidate such preferences. We formalize this approach and apply it in collaboration with a HO pilot aiming to facilitate better private sector availability of malaria rapid diagnostic tests in Uganda. We demonstrate how HOs could use criteria weights and value functions from MAVA for project evaluation; in the process, we reveal business model insights for importers, distributors, and retailers in the pilot. We also show how MAVA facilitates the impact assessment of hypothetical options (i.e., combinations of products, services, and subsidies) to guide HO resource deployment. This paper offers the first attempt, to our knowledge, to develop quantitative measures for economic and non-economic objectives involving all agents in a multi-echelon supply chain, either humanitarian or commercial. We hope that this initial step stimulates further research to validate results and develop the framework proposed.", + "Key Findings": "The case study highlights potential benefits that Humanitarian Organizations could gain in adopting an integrated multi-echelon supply chain. The criteria weights and value functions helped the organization evaluate the pilot and hint at business model insights for agents across the diagnostic supply chain. The most impactful may be the retailers’ emphasis on the time to complete a sale, perhaps suggesting that diagnostics be positioned as a paid service and not as a product sale. Retailers’ emphasis on training indicates interest in providing diagnosis. A paid service could include medical treatment with a positive test result and counseling or referral if negative. The analysis also enabled assessment of hypothetical options based on combinations of products, services, and subsidies. Surprising results indicated that investment in subsidies may not only be wasteful, but perhaps detrimental to private sector adoption. Further studies to validate the results from this single case are essential, but this pilot illustrates how MAVA could improve the productivity of humanitarian funding by avoiding poor investment.", + "Key Recommendations": "This research indicates that a multi-attribute value analysis (MAVA) might be a promising approach to understand the objectives of agents in multi-echelon supply chains, and particularly may help to engage the private sector in achieving humanitarian outcomes. However, further research is needed to confirm the findings of the case study used in this paper. ", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0377221718301255", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Retail", + "Transportation and Warehousing", + "Health Care" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Efficiency and Effectiveness", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities", + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;", + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "European Journal of Operational Research" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Humanitarian Assistance", + "Health" + ], + "Type of Document": "Peer-reviewed article or other research report", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2018" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Sam Clark", + "M.E. Khan", + "Catherine Kahabuka", + "Neema Matee", + "Rose Ernest", + "Mercy Joseph", + "Deodatus Mwingizi", + "Edward Nkya" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Tanzania" + ], + "Document ID": "1802-Clark-TZA", + "Document Title": "Tanzania Respond: End-of-Project Performance Evaluation", + "Document Summary": "This document is the USAID Tanzania Responding to the Need for Family Planning through Expanded Contraceptive Choices and Program Services (RESPOND) Project Evaluation Report, which was carried out to review RESPOND's achievement of results related to 1) increasing FP uptake in program-supported areas; 2) improving service delivery through integration; and 3) strengthening systems by applying a district-centered approach. The evaluation was designed to identify best practices and conclusions by exploring the strategies and interventions employed. It also intended to help USAID identify facilitating and limiting factors faced while implementing a complex FP program. Finally, the evaluation was intended to enable more effective design, implementation, monitoring, and evaluation of FP programming in the future, focusing on three themes: 1) achievement of results, 2) best practices, and 3) facilitating and limiting factors within each of the above mentioned four results.\n\nThe evaluation methodology combined a desk review of pertinent documents with a review and analysis of quantitative data and applied qualitative techniques by conducting in-depth interviews (IDI) of key informants. Observations were made of health facilities using a structured observation sheet, quantitative analysis, and focus group discussions (FGDs). The evaluation used a mixed methods approach, collecting data from different sources pertinent to the project to help triangulate diverse data sets to get insights on the RESPOND project's impact and answer the SOW's critical questions. The evaluation model follows USAID Evaluation Policy and performance evaluation practices. The evaluation cannot generate findings based on a sample statistically representative of the larger population from which they are drawn. Non-probability sampling methods were used for selecting districts, facilities, communities, and critical informants for IDI and FGD participants. ", + "Key Findings": "Key RESPOND achievements included evidence of a significant uptake of contraceptive methods (especially for implants) with a three-fold increase in the Arusha Zonal area, improved contraceptive accessibility, and improved method choice.", + "Key Recommendations": "1. Continue capacity building until most facilities routinely provide LARCs/LAPMs and MCH services.\n\n2. Scale up integration of services within the context of Boresha Afya with greater focus on better equipped and staffed facilities.\n\n3. Adapt the district-targeted approach by integrating key indicators under the Boresha Afya project.\n\n4. Adapt and sustain a set of locally adapted, culturally appropriate mobilization techniques in Boresha Afya (e.g., in Lake Regions, find ways to combine FP mobilization with MCH and malaria eradication).", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.researchgate.net/publication/326723100_TANZANIA_RESPOND_END-OFPROJECT_PERFORMANCE_EVALUATION", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Hospitality/Tourism", + "Mining & Extractives", + "Telecommunications" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Health" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2018" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Nils Junge", + "Darian Diachok" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Ukraine" + ], + "Document ID": "1802-Junge-UKR", + "Document Title": "Municipal Energy Reform Project (MERP) Final Performance Evaluation ", + "Document Summary": "This document is a final performance evaluation of the Municipal Energy Reform Project (MERP) in Ukraine. The report assesses the relevance and effectiveness of MERP activities focused on enhancing Ukraine’s energy security by improving the clean energy (CE) regulatory and legislative enabling environment and promoting investment in CE technologies and applications. It identifies MERP elements, models, or methodologies, which, in their original or adjusted form, have significant potential for enhancing Ukraine’s energy security in the next five years. The evaluation findings, conclusions, and recommendations inform the Mission as it re-assesses its role in improving energy security in Ukraine, the adequacy of current and future activities, and the opportunities for complementary and/or subsequent interventions. Since USAID does not plan to fund a follow-up to MERP, the recommendations in this report are intended for other donors interested in continuing this type of support.\n\nThe evaluation used a mixed-methods, non-experimental design as the most appropriate for addressing the evaluation questions, which focused on stakeholder perceptions and processes and factors underlying causal linkages. The evaluation conducted semi-structured key informant interviews, focus group discussions (FGDs), site visits, and a mixed telephone/online survey of municipal-level stakeholders using SurveyGizmo to generate firsthand information for the report. Several limitations may have affected the evaluation findings and analysis. This included selection bias of key informants, non-response bias, and limited time for a survey and qualitative data analysis.", + "Key Findings": "1. MERP activities have directly and indirectly helped to reduce emissions at the municipal level.\n\n2. In the past two years, with assistance from MERP and other development partners, GOU has adopted key laws to stimulate energy efficiency in the housing and utility sector – Law on Ownership in Multi-apartment Residential Buildings; Law on Energy Efficiency of Buildings; Law on Commercial Metering, which requires meters for heat and water, and regulates billing; and Law on Housing and Communal Services.\n\n3. MERP’s assistance in the passage of key energy efficiency legislation (especially, metering, building standards, and HOAs) created a legal and regulatory climate that was much more conducive to commercial and donor investment in Energy Efficiency (EE).\n\n4. The municipalities interviewed rated MERP’s assistance highly.\n\n5. The evaluation found that MERP has successfully helped municipalities take advantage of investment opportunities offered by IFIs.", + "Key Recommendations": "1. Any future program should replicate and expand the work MERP has begun at the municipal level.\n\n2. Further donor support is needed to develop secondary legislation for recently passed laws on energy efficiency, commercial metering, and housing and communal services.\n\n3. Adopt proven and effective methodologies.\n\n4. Both key informants and focus groups brought up the need to replicate permanent energy advisory groups or “resource centers,” which could be regional, municipal, or HOA-based.\n\n5. Replicate the methodology to help more municipalities attract investments.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00SW5X.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Financial Services", + "Energy" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge", + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Conflict" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Environment/Climate Change" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Europe and Eurasia" + ], + "Year": "2018" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Elena Lucchi" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "1802-LUCCH-GLO", + "Document Title": "Introducing 'for profit' initiatives and actors in humanitarian response", + "Document Summary": "The introduction of ‘for profit’ notions in the humanitarian arena can understandably generate some discomfort. This research was triggered by the concern MSF had that, when an ‘emergency gap’ occurs, where the humanitarian sector is unable to provide an effective response (because of deskilling and/or risk aversion), it may be tempting to try to bridge that gap with services/actors that operate ‘for profit’. \n\nThus, the research objectives are the following:\n•\t Mapping of practices: what is done, by whom, and with what justification.\n•\t Identification of the most likely future scenarios regarding the privatisation of the response in emergency contexts.\n•\t Identification and flagging of concerns regarding practices and trends.", + "Key Findings": "This review has found that the private sector is already involved in a number of sectors of humanitarian action; examples include the management of specific tasks, the provision of specific services, and the direct management and provision of specific services. The private sector is often involved in innovation processes developing new products and services for affected populations or in the use of new technologies for assessment and data collection.\n\nFor humanitarian organizations, in addition to the urge to improve the efficiency of the response (timeliness and cost), key drivers for partnering with the private sector can include improving processes, enhancing effectiveness and relevance, improving operations, increasing coverage, and ensuring sustainability, as well as flexible financing.\n\nIn summary, while the engagement with the private sector might offer a certain number of advantages, the mindset in which it occurs, however, is a cause for concern. On one hand, it seems that humanitarian organisations, while recognising the need for better capacity and diversified skills in the sector, tend to over-rely on the private sector as a solution. On the other hand, donors’ subcontracting and transfer of risk of humanitarian responses to the private sector play into the underlying dynamics that drive the gap in the emergency response by humanitarian organisations. All this feeds into an ever-growing vicious circle of even more reduced capacity and increased gaps in the response: humanitarian organizations shy away from timely and effective responses and do not invest sufficiently in technical capacities (giving then way and legitimacy for the private sector to intervene). If, on one side, technology does not necessarily equate to meeting needs and ensuring the quality and impact of the response, on the other side the humanitarian sector needs to build its own capacity to innovate and respond to the needs of the most vulnerable.", + "Key Recommendations": "Given the potential risks mentioned [in the paper], partnerships with the private sector need to be considered carefully. From the humanitarian organisations’ side, respondents have noted ways of mitigating the risks, such as remaining vigilant, identifying services or offers corresponding to actual demands, and avoiding systematic partnerships. A number of possible solutions to be implemented at organisational level have been identified: Dialogue and understanding (to bridge the cultural and values differences); transparency and precise frameworks (to build a common approach, accountability); reciprocal investment in time and resources (to avoid dependence) and third-party facilitation.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://arhp.msf.es/sites/default/files/Introducing%20for%20profit%20initiatives_Elena%20Lucchi_2018.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Financial Services", + "Technology", + "Health Care", + "Transportation and Warehousing", + "Telecommunications", + "Other" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "KOIS Invest", + "The UPS Foundation", + "ASPEN Medical", + "Adam Smith International", + "Chemonics International", + "Charlie Goldsmith Associates", + "Boston Consulting Group", + "Microsoft", + "IKEA Foundation", + "MasterCard", + "GlaxoSmithKline" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Efficiency and Effectiveness", + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Flexibility and Pace", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Medicos sin Fronteras" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Humanitarian Assistance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Systematic review or Meta-analysis", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Business Association or Cooperative", + "Multi-national Business" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2018" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Mercy Corps" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Somalia" + ], + "Document ID": "1802-Mercy-SOM", + "Document Title": "Somali Youth Learners (SYLI) Final Report", + "Document Summary": "This document is a final report of the USAID-funded Somali Youth Learners Initiative (SYLI) jointly designed and implemented by a consortium consisting of Mercy Corps (as the lead), CARE International, Save the Children UK, Somaliland National Youth Organization (SONYO), Juba Foundation, Somali Youth League Forum (SYLF), and Mudug Development Association Network (MUDAN). SYLI consisted of three Intermediate Results: I) Improved access to fair and equitable education, II) Improved literacy, numeracy, and life skills for youth, and III) Youth empowered to contribute positively and productively to society. The program focused on increasing access to education through the construction and/or rehabilitation of secondary schools, capacity building of teacher and student skills and abilities, and youth civic engagement.\n\nThe SYLI program results were achieved during the three phases of implementation. SYLI started in September 2011 and was geographically focused in Somaliland and Puntland. In 2014, after Somalia's security situation changed dramatically and allowed greater access to vulnerable populations, the SYLI consortium submitted and was granted a cost extension. During Phase 2, Save the Children UK left the consortium, and Juba Foundation and Somali Youth League Forum (SYLF) joined for work in Somalia. During Phase I, SYLI increased the role of relevant ministries and regional offices and made significant contributions to increase youth’s access to secondary education, non-formal education, and business training. In addition, SYLI contributed to key advances in school infrastructure development, training and capacity building of key education stakeholders, school management, community ownership, and support for women and girls. The main results changed during Phase II (September 2014 – September 2016). The overall approach was to empower youth and institutions that support their development. Security remained a challenge throughout the program, affecting the implementation schedule in some areas.", + "Key Findings": "Overall, SYLI helped shift community attitudes around the value of education and civic engagement and built Federal and FMSs’ ministry of education capacity in the secondary education sector. The program also created strong partnerships with in-country stakeholders, leading to sustainable institutions and infrastructure that will continue to support secondary school attendance, equitable education and civic engagement.", + "Key Recommendations": "● A thought leadership and research agenda should be created and agreed upon within 6 months of program start up instead of creating the plan midway into the program.\n● Programs of this size should have a Consortium Coordinator position to help manage all key stakeholders, and to bring together all key stakeholders (i.e. IPs, donor, ministries) to reaffirm the way forward whenever there are significant changes (i.e. annual plans, key personnel, new partners, cost modification).\n● There is a need for a multi-stakeholder forum where the UN is also involved in program activities to build consensus.\n● Programming should be more holistic, including both education/training and economic activities. ", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00ST11.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, and Hunting", + "Transportation and Warehousing" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Sahil Fishing Company", + "Jeska Auto Mechanic" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments", + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships", + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID", + "Mercy Corps" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth", + "Conflict" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Education and Social Services" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Local Business", + "For-profit approach that generates sustainable income", + "Micro, Small, or Medium Enterprise" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2018" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Social Impact" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Burma" + ], + "Document ID": "1802-Socia-MMR", + "Document Title": "USAID/Burma Shae Thot Final Performance Evaluation ", + "Document Summary": "USAID/Burma contracted Social Impact, Inc. to conduct a final rigorous performance evaluation of the Shae Thot program, an integrated model for community development in Burma. This evaluation report examines the project’s performance and effectiveness, focusing on program impact, the integrated approach, program sustainability, and the advancement of equality and inclusion.\n\nThis evaluation utilized a mixed-methods design, drawing on qualitative and quantitative data collection and analysis. The survey team conducted household and village (community-level) surveys in partnership with Third Eye, a local data collection firm with expertise in qualitative and quantitative data collection. This survey data provided representative population-level data on key program outcomes compared to baseline and midline results. The study team also collected qualitative data through key informant interviews (KIIs) and focus group discussions (FGDs). The ET’s ability to conduct true Difference-in-Differences (DID) analysis was constrained by the comparability of the treatment and comparison groups and the validity of the parallel trends assumption. While our calculations of the differences between baseline, midline, and endline values illustrate the trends over time in the comparison and treatment areas, this DID value does not represent the causal impact of the Shae Thot program, as Shae Thot interventions were not randomly assigned, and there are many differences between the treatment and comparison groups.", + "Key Findings": "1. Overall, access to healthcare and health outcomes in Burma are gradually improving, due at least partially to new infrastructure and increased availability of healthcare services.\n\n2. Project beneficiaries generally characterized Shae Thot’s multi-sectoral integrated community development approach positively, explaining that the complementary nature of interventions in multiple sectors hastened development progress.\n\n3. Findings from the FGDs and the KIIs highlighted communities’ strong desire and willingness to sustain project activities.\n\n4. Shae Thot made notable strides to advance gender equality and inclusion of marginalized groups, most effectively through VDCs and VDFs, microfinance structures like WORTH and PGMF, and capacity building and empowerment efforts.", + "Key Recommendations": "1. Conduct a needs assessment and situational analysis in each state/region of planned implementation to thoroughly understand the contextual differences among project communities and design activities according to the most pressing community development needs. \n2. Conduct a thorough gender analysis or assessment prior to program implementation to identify the opportunities and entry points to ensure activities in all sectors holistically advance gender\nequality and target restrictive gender norms.\n3. Engage marginalized/vulnerable individuals and groups (including youth, people with disabilities, the illiterate, the very poor), during the program design stage to build early engagement and ensure planned interventions are maximally inclusive.\n4. Clearly articulate the activities within each sector and delineate how consortium partners will share and coordinate responsibilities, if multiple partners are working in the same sector and/or\ngeographic area. \n5. Consider deepening engagement with the government (or relevant non-state actors, like armed groups) at both the national and local levels, as well as with the private sector, to share knowledge and lessons learned, expand the impact of a multi-sectoral integrated approach as early as possible, and identify additional technical and financial resources to support community development activities.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00SSDW.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Business Services" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Third Eye" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Advancing Learning and Market Research;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth", + "Conflict" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Health", + "Agriculture and Food Security", + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "For-profit approach that generates sustainable income", + "Local Business", + "Formal Sector" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Asia" + ], + "Year": "2018" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Francine Menashy", + "Zeena Zakharia" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Syria", + "Lebanon", + "Turkey", + "Jordan" + ], + "Document ID": "1802-Zakha-SYR-pr", + "Document Title": "Private Sector Engagement in Refugee Education", + "Document Summary": "Private sector engagement in education has become increasingly appealing to a growing portion of the international community. In the Syrian context, with public education systems in the Middle East struggling to provide for growing refugee populations, high-profile businesses such as Goldman Sachs, Google, Hewlett- Packard, LinkedIn, McKinsey & Company, Microsoft, and Pearson Education have made funding commitments, proposed new initiatives, and developed partnership arrangements to advance the cause of educating Syrian refugee children. On the surface, the mobilization of these and other private sector actors appears commendable. Prominent actors are voicing their concern for refugee education, and businesses may be able to help address crucial educational gaps. Critics argue that the involvement of the private sector can weaken public education systems, undermine state responsibility, and, in contexts of crisis, be seen as exploitation. This paper talks about these ethical tensions between humanitarian and profit-motivated private entities. While some private actors express humanitarian aims, for others creating markets, increasing visibility, and developing brand loyalty are central motivations.\n\nThe paper highlights that many business actors work collaboratively with governments and ministries of education, but many others do not, bypassing the public sector and establishing privately run schools. Critics argue that such schools foster a lack of accountability, often hire non-unionized and poorly trained teachers, and lack an exit strategy, which leaves students stranded when profits and other returns are no longer considered sufficient, and schools have to close. The findings of this study reveal that, despite serious concerns about their motivations, businesses and foundations have a potentially vital role to play in supporting the education of Syrian refugees. Given the scale of the impact of the Syrian crisis, it would seem that reliance solely on traditional public sector engagement in education is both limiting and unrealistic. Furthermore, several corporate actors – businesses and philanthropic foundations – have made significant strides in meeting educational needs, including financial support to local and international NGOs working in this field. However, this study sheds light on the limitations of the private sector in understanding and working within rapidly evolving humanitarian contexts. The global education community needs to ask how to harness the expertise and funds of the private sector in a coordinated and ethical way that is mindful of the state’s responsibility to be the primary provider and regulator of quality education.", + "Key Findings": "The involvement of the private sector in providing education for Syrian refugees has much to commend it but greater consideration needs to be paid to the ethical and practical concerns that may arise. Private sector engagement in education has become increasingly appealing to a growing portion of the international community. In the Syrian context, with public education systems in the Middle East struggling to provide for growing refugee populations, high-profile businesses such as Goldman Sachs, Google, Hewlett-Packard, LinkedIn, McKinsey & Company, Microsoft and Pearson Education have made funding commitments, proposed new initiatives and developed partnership arrangements to advance the cause of educating Syrian refugee children.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.fmreview.org/syria2018/zakharia-menashy", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Technology", + "Financial Services", + "Educational Services" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Hewlett Packard Enterprise", + "Microsoft", + "McKinsey & Co.", + "Goldman Sachs", + "Pearson Education", + "LlinkedIn" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge", + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;", + "Advancing Learning and Market Research;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Forced Migration Review" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Conflict" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Education and Social Services" + ], + "Type of Document": "Peer-reviewed article or other research report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Multi-national Business", + "Corporate Foundation", + "Financial Institution, Investors, and Intermediaries" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Middle East" + ], + "Year": "2018" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Olivier Lavinal", + "Franck Bousquet" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "1803-BOUSQ-GLO", + "Document Title": "Maximizing the Impact of the World Bank Group in Fragile and\nConflict-Affected Situations", + "Document Summary": "This report provides a comprehensive overview of the World Bank Group’s (WBG) engagement in contexts of fragility, conflict, and violence (FCV). Its central message is that the Bank will only achieve its Twin Goals of ending extreme poverty by 2030 and boosting shared prosperity by increasing its impact in FCV settings. The report provides insight on how Global Practices and teams across the WBG are tackling these critical challenges, with a focus on cross-cutting fragility issues that appear across geographies and sectors. In cooperation with local, national and global partners, the WBG aims to strengthen its strategic and operational approach to FCV situations to enhance impact on the ground.", + "Key Findings": "This report provides an overview of the WBG’s strategic and operational engagement in FCV settings, and lays out pathways for maximizing impact in the years ahead. The contributions in this volume clearly demonstrate increasing institutional focus on addressing the fragility challenge. Equally clear is the imperative of working across technical and geographic silos, and of taking risks to address grievances, exclusion, and other underlying drivers of FCV. Looking forward, extreme poverty and the curve of fragility are inextricably linked, progress on the former demands breaking down the latter. For the WBG, this means that achieving the Twin Goals requires doing business differently to help the world’s most marginalized people realize their shared aspiration for a better future. ", + "Key Recommendations": "• Expanding the scope of WBG engagement to tackle the drivers of fragility throughout the cycle of conflict and violence, from early intervention through recovery and reconstruction;\n• Strengthening partnerships with humanitarian and development organizations, as well as with local and national authorities and non-traditional stakeholders; • Leveraging geo-enabling and other ICT\ntools for smart supervision of projects in conflict settings;\n• Enhancing our engagement on forced displacement through the IDA18 Refugee Sub-window and the Global Concessional Financing Facility (GCFF) for middle-income countries;\n• Shifting to a culture of prevention and developing an integrated approach\nto prevention;\n• Operationalizing the nexus between peace, security, and development at the country level consistently with Bank’s mandate under its Articles;\n• Placing gender equity at the heart of programming, and doing more to combat gender-based violence; and\n• Enhancing the employee value proposition to attract and retain top\nperformers in FCV settings.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/855631522172060313/pdf/124654-WP-PUBLIC-MaximizingImpactLowresFINAL.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Telecommunications" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Celtel", + "Celpay" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "The World Bank" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Humanitarian Assistance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Industry Publication", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "For-profit Commercial Entity" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2018" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Cindi Cisek", + "Flora Khomani" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Malawi" + ], + "Document ID": "1803-Cisek-MWI", + "Document Title": "Condom Distribution and Reporting Assessment: Strengthening Linkages at National, District, Facility, and Community Levels in Malawi", + "Document Summary": "This document is a condom distribution and reporting assessment report in Malawi, which assess barriers at the district level, linkages between public and private facilities, and both nongovernmental (NGO) and community-based organizations (CBO) systems for accessing commodities to improve condom distribution and use. Accordingly, the report: identifies data related to total market size, procurement trends, market segments, and market inequities to support programming and strategic decisions for comprehensive condom programming; documents public sector supply channels to identify the actors involved in the distribution and how multiple supply chain partners coordinate on procurement, warehousing, and distribution patterns; documents private sector supply channels and opportunities to improve data and segmentation efforts; assesses significant challenges in distribution and reporting faced by stakeholders at the district and community level; reviews condom management information systems better to understand data gaps and opportunities for improved data analysis; and identifies opportunities for improved coordination among stakeholders.\n\nThe assessment team conducted in-depth interviews among various government and private sector stakeholders to assess condom distribution and reporting patterns at national, district, facility, and community levels. The findings, which were compared across districts to understand better commonalities, gaps, and opportunities for better coordination, are summarized in this report. \n", + "Key Findings": "Government stakeholders are acutely aware of the valuable roles that the varied organizations involved in distributing male and female condoms in public and private sectors play, and the need for a comprehensive, coordinated approach among these actors.\n\nThe procurement of male and female condoms for distribution via the public sector and social marketing programs in Malawi is largely supported by international donors; in the last few years, these have primarily been the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), USAID, and the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria (Global Fund).", + "Key Recommendations": "Discuss discrepancies in total market data with all stakeholders and achieve consensus on the total condom market for each sector (public, social marketing, and NGO).\n\nInitiate dialogue with MOH and better coordination among donors to develop specific procurement milestones for MOH for male and female condoms and clarity around donor investment timelines.\n\nCollect more detailed information from social marketing organizations on sales, positioning, geographic coverage, price, and cost-recovery levels for market segmentation analysis.\n\nUse OpenLMIS system to conduct a district-by-district analysis of public sector condom distribution, including frequency of reported stockouts.\n\nUse LMIS data to conduct an analysis of the frequency of condom stockouts by district.\n\nImplement systems to improve requisition and reporting systems for CBOs and NGOs working at the community level.", + "Internet URL of Document": "http://www.healthpolicyplus.com/ns/pubs/8201-8356_CondomDistributionandReportingAssessment.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Health Care", + "Media", + "Transportation and Warehousing" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Bollore Transport and Logistics Malawi, Ltd.", + "Chishango", + "Banja La Mtsogolo", + "Limbe Leaf Tobacco Company Ltd." + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Flexibility and Pace" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;", + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID", + "U.S. President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR)", + "HP+" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Health" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "For-profit approach that generates sustainable income", + "Local Business", + "Micro, Small, or Medium Enterprise", + "Formal Sector", + "Multi-national Business" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2018" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Stanley Mutinda", + "Michelle Hassan", + "Kim Wilson", + "Roland Amoah", + "Daryl Collins" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Rwanda" + ], + "Document ID": "1803-COLLI-RWA", + "Document Title": "Refugees and Their Money: The Business Case for Providing Financial Services to Refugees", + "Document Summary": "Rwanda has been hosting refugees for over 20 years. In this context of long-term displacement, governments, humanitarian agencies, the development sector and other stakeholders must provide long-term solutions for refugees, such as financial services, which can support market-based livelihoods. FSDA, UNHCR and AFR partnered on this study to assess both the demand for financial services in refugee populations and the business case for Rwandan financial institutions to provide these services.\n\nThe study had two objectives: first, to provide market intelligence to build a sound business case for financial institutions to profitably serve the forcibly displaced persons (FDPs) population; and second, to better understand the financial needs of the FDP population in Rwanda to enable financial service providers (FSPs) to effectively target the segment. This report is the result of a triangulation of four different research activities: segmenting and sizing refugees as a market for financial services; translating the segments into business cases to assess potential for serving this market; creating profiles of segments based on field research in refugee camps; and assessing the\nregulatory environment to provide financial services for refugees. ", + "Key Findings": "1. At the moment, six of the seven camps in Rwanda have cash and the last camp Mahama is likely to become cash before the end of the year.\n2. Contrary to expectations, refugees in Rwanda have enough income to be strong potential customers for FSPs.\n3. Using these segments, it is estimated that extending financial services to the refugee population of Rwanda would expand the market for financial services by approximately 44,000 individuals.\n4. Many refugees have used financial services before and want to use them again, perhaps even more urgently than Rwandan nationals.\n5. BFA’s dynamic business case model suggests the refugee population has as much potential to generate profit for FSPs as the traditional Rwandan population.\n6. One of the biggest challenges refugees face in accessing financial services relates to satisfying the ID requirement for ‘know your customer’ (KYC) purposes. ", + "Key Recommendations": "Cross-selling financial products such as a micro insurance product and a loan product has the potential to enhance the profitability of providing a savings or transaction account to a refugee customer. The models presented in this paper show that the profitability of providing financial services to refugees is estimated to be about the same as the profitability of serving the typical low-income Rwandan account holder.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.fsdafrica.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/Refugees-and-Their-Money-Assessing-the-Business-Case-for-Providing-Financial-Services-to-Refugees-2-compressed.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Financial Services" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Bankable Frontiers Associates (BFA)" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;", + "Advancing Learning and Market Research;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Bankable Frontiers Associates (BFA)" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Humanitarian Assistance", + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "Industry Publication", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Financial Institution, Investors, and Intermediaries", + "Formal Sector", + "Multi-national Business" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2018" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "ECODIT" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Jordan", + "Lebanon", + "Morocco" + ], + "Document ID": "1803-ECODI-MLT", + "Document Title": "Middle East and North Africa Water Sector Evaluation Performance Evaluation Report", + "Document Summary": "This report evaluates water sector activities in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, funded by USAID’s Middle East Bureau. The evaluation aims to provide lessons learned and recommendations for future programming in anticipation of limited funding scenarios. This evaluation will inform the following: 1) Lessons learned from the design and implementation of past programs and considerations for future activities. 2) Recommendations for three funding level scenarios: a. Annual program budget of $0–1 million b. Annual program budget of $1–3 million c. Annual program budget of $3–6 million, and 3) ways the Middle East Bureau can design programs to complement bilateral activities to increase development impact.\n\nThe evaluation methodology comprised a comprehensive desk review of program and activity literature and primary source data collection via Key Informant Interviews in the United States, Jordan, Lebanon, and Morocco. The desk review followed a rigorous analysis protocol. The ET conducted Key Informant Interviews (KIIs) to supplement the desk review. Qualitative data collection provided detailed insight into local as well as regional perceptions of how and why activities were, or were not, contributing to USAID objectives; how or why activities were overlapping or were uncoordinated; and how ongoing water activities were aligned with national security and foreign policy objectives of the current administration. This evaluation faced several challenges and limitations in its execution that necessitate careful discussion. Key evaluation limitations included: a change in fieldwork location, a change in fieldwork timeline, a limitation in the number of interviews accomplished, and a related change in the fieldwork context.", + "Key Findings": "1. From the findings and analyses, the ET concluded that the water strategy was targeted more than any other strategy.\n\n2. There seems to be very little duplication of work between the bilateral and the regional programs, possibly because there are only few bilateral programs in the target countries focusing on water or related activities.\n\n3. The ET found that because every water sector activity has downstream consequences, these consequences can impact American national security priorities.", + "Key Recommendations": "1. Become more focused when undertaking regional programming.\n\n2. Increased coordination and communication between the regional and bilateral program is imperative, certainly as programs are being designed, and more so when they are set to be implemented.\n\n3. Education, employment, and sustainable livelihoods are critical for youth, who make up large percentages of many MENA countries.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.globalwaters.org/sites/default/files/mena-water-sector-evaluation.pdf", + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Health", + "Environment/Climate Change" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa", + "Middle East" + ], + "Year": "2018" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Molly Hageboeck", + "Rozalija Karchicka-Vasilevska", + "Suzana Ignatovic-Aleksova", + "Brian Price", + "Andrew McNamara", + "Irene Velez", + "Lala Kasimova" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "North Macedonia" + ], + "Document ID": "1803-Hageb-MKD", + "Document Title": "Impact and Performance Evaluation of USAID/Macedonia’s Small Business Expansion Project", + "Document Summary": "This is an impact evaluation report of the Mission’s Small Business Expansion Project (SBEP), a multi-component regional economic development activity initiated in October 2012, the project funded by USAID/Macedonia. The report provides USAID with the most rigorous findings possible on how SBEP affected economic growth in the regions where it was active.\n\nThe evaluation team used a mixed-methods approach to examine each SBEP initiative it was asked to investigate. These included document reviews keyed to information about beneficiary and partner perceptions, expectations, production and sales, jobs created, and investments by farmers and business owners. The evaluation team also reviewed the results information that SBEP reported in its quarterly reports and its performance indicator tracking system. Primary data for the evaluation was collected through interviews. Most of those interviews were conducted by MSI’s local research partner, GfK, which conducted baseline and endline surveys for the study. The surveys included both closed- and opened-ended questions. The key informant and other beneficiary interviews were conducted by seasoned local evaluators fluent in languages used by the country’s ethnic Macedonian and ethnic Albanian populations. Statistical analysis of the study data was supported by GfK using SPSS software, intending to transfer the study’s national data set to USAID, consistent with its open data protocols. Representative survey and purposive interview protocols were all used together with a study-wide informed consent procedure. Issues that may have affected the quality and reliability of data used in this evaluation include beneficiary identification and contact, political campaign season and the weather, fear of possible tax repercussions, and the absence of intervention-specific indicators and targets.", + "Key Findings": "1. SBEP was highly effective at opening citizens’ eyes to economic opportunities around them, inspiring them to try new approaches and aim high when it came to what they could accomplish.\n2. Among country partner observers of SBEP in Regional Development Centers and municipal governments, SBEP’s assistance leading to the formation of LAGs across four regions was often considered the most significant change the project introduced. \n3. USAID’s decision to rely on bottom-up suggestions on its project’s economic development priorities was much appreciated by mayors, local economic development office representatives, and municipal private sector representatives, and viewed as right for the country’s stage of economic development.\n4. The scale of SBEP initiatives may not have been large or gained early enough traction to achieve the kind of “critical mass” of awareness and evidence needed to spark their continued growth\nand diffusion within or beyond their regions of demonstration.\n5. SBEP’s influence on regional development trends may become more detectable and significant over time.", + "Key Recommendations": "1. In future large and complex economic growth projects, improve the balance between monitoring for accountability (at the input level) and monitoring to support adaptive management of economic development projects (at the intermediate result and outcome levels).\n2. When selecting performance indicators, carefully examine what they tell the Mission – not only about a particular result but also about the likelihood of achieving higher-level results.\n3. For product-based economic development activities, encourage USAID partners to undertake – while USAID funding is in place - actions that would improve the integration of those products\ninto broader supply chains, including those that reach into international markets on both the import and export sides.\n4. For projects in economic growth and other sectors in which long-term and goal-level success depends on the institutionalization of initiatives in government or their continued existence on a business basis, elevate thinking about sustainability for those which must be self-financing to business plans with milestones that can be monitored and self-sufficiency outcomes to be realized before USAID’s support terminates.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00TFFM.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Hospitality/Tourism" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "ATTA" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "Impact Evaluation Report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Multi-national Business", + "American Business", + "Formal Sector" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Europe and Eurasia" + ], + "Year": "2018" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Dave Algoso", + "Sasha Muench", + "Alison Hemberger" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "1803-HAMBE-GLO", + "Document Title": "Beyond Cash Making markets work in crisis ", + "Document Summary": "The aid sector needs a new vision for crisis response—one that is market-driven, that leverages the capacities of non-aid actors in local and global economic systems, and that ultimately gives crisis-affected individuals the ability to drive their own decisions and secure their own lives and livelihoods. The approach in this paper, grounded in resilience thinking, recognizes that systems-led responses are central to helping individuals cope and recover. It requires aid actors to focus on core cross-cutting issues, including strengthening financial services systems and understanding the role of social and political power in markets. At a practical level, it involves targeted market support to essential business and local institutions that have more reach and sustainable impact than aid agencies. While this paper focuses on economic systems, these theories have broader implications—they also impact health, education, and other systems crucial to life and livelihoods.", + "Key Findings": "The humanitarian sector’s evolving understanding of the role of markets in coping and recovery has helped charter a new direction for crisis response. Building on emerging practice, the outlines of an overarching vision come into focus: a response that meets the immediate needs of affected populations while, at the same time, enabling them to take increasing control of their own coping and recovery through local systems and resources. This vision has four interconnected components. The first two components acknowledge the role of existing approaches that provide direct support to individuals and households, where needed: \n\n1. Meet basic needs while protecting future productivity \n2. Address immediate barriers to individual participation in the local economy The last two components of this vision challenge the aid sector to engage more deeply with the systems individuals rely on most, to increase the durability and reach of our work \n3. Support coping through local market systems \n4. Improve market systems over time", + "Key Recommendations": "There is a need for further evidence to support evolving practice in market-driven crisis response. Key areas for research and learning include: better documentation of how markets and businesses adapt in challenging environments; learning on the role of market-driven programming in sustaining and strengthening social capital; and research on outcomes and the system effects of aid, including a focus beyond direct beneficiaries and program timeframes.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.mercycorps.org/sites/default/files/2019-11/CashMarketsMercyCorpsApril2018_0.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Fast Moving Consumer Goods", + "Business Services" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Mercy Corps" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Efficiency and Effectiveness", + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships", + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Advancing Learning and Market Research;", + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment", + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Mercy Corps" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Humanitarian Assistance", + "Economic Growth", + "Agriculture and Food Security" + ], + "Type of Document": "White Paper/Think Tank Report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Micro, Small, or Medium Enterprise", + "Formal Sector", + "Multi-national Business" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2018" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "MCSP" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Liberia" + ], + "Document ID": "1803-MCSP-LBR-A", + "Document Title": "MCSP Liberia Restoration of Health Services Project Endline Assessment Report", + "Document Summary": "This is an endline assessment report to measure the effectiveness and outcomes of the USAID MCSP/RHS project on the health of Liberian families can be measured compared to the situation at baseline. The assessment aimed to establish the endline status of all facilities after project implementation and assess the extent to which the RHS project has restored confidence, quality, and the use of reproductive, maternal, newborn, child, and adolescent health (RMNCAH) services in the targeted counties and facilities.\n\nThe endline assessment utilized a quasi-experimental design that allowed a consistent analysis of pre-and post-intervention facility readiness and quality of care in MCSP-supported facilities. This included the use of quantitative and qualitative methods: i) Facility readiness assessment, ii) Quality of care assessment, and iii) Qualitative key informant interviews with Ministry of Health (MOH) managers and supervisors at the district and county levels. The facility readiness assessment used three tools developed from the EPHS guide and the WHO Service Availability and Readiness Assessment tool to assess: i) Human resources, service provision, and infrastructure, ii) Commodities, supplies, and equipment, and iii) Implementation of health activities. For the quality-of-care assessment, facilities were assessed using the tools adapted from the 10 MOH Core Standards and an IPC standards assessment. The assessment team developed a qualitative data collection tool to collect perspectives from MOH stakeholders on the project’s implementation and impact. Thirty-nine (50%) of MCSP’s supported health facilities were selected using a stratified random sampling approach. Convenience and purposive sampling methods were used to identify key informants for interviews. Quantitative data were double-entered and validated in CommCare. Cleaning and analysis were conducted in Excel. Detailed notes were written for all interviews, and themes were summarized in Word.\n", + "Key Findings": "This endline assessment revealed tremendous improvement in MCSP-supported facilities between baseline and endline in the key areas supported by MCSP/RHS—availability of health workers and payment of salaries, basic equipment and supplies, basic infrastructure (e.g., wells, incinerators, triage, isolation units, and\nlatrines), service provision for essential RMNCAH interventions, and adherence to clinical standards to ensure quality of care. \n\nMOH perception of the project was also very positive.\n\nThe endline assessment results demonstrate that MCSP/RHS has remarkably restored access to and utilization of health services and has rebuilt confidence in the health systems at the facility and county levels, thereby contributing to improvements in RMNCAH outcomes in Liberia following the tremendous impact Ebola had on utilization of and confidence in the health system.\n\nThe restoration of the system is evidenced by a combination of programmatic improvements in health service delivery in MCSP-supported facilities and the positive performance of key outcome indicators over the 34 months of the project.", + "Key Recommendations": "Despite the huge improvements in the supported health facilities, one key area that needs to be critically addressed is recurrent stock outs of essential medicines. \n\nThe gains made by MCSP/ RHS need to be sustained through transitioning of health facility staff to the government payroll; ongoing procurement and distribution of IPC supplies; and proper use and maintenance of medical equipment and waste, water, and triage features.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.mcsprogram.org/resource/mcsp-liberia-restoration-of-health-services-project-endline-assessment-report/", + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Health" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2018" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "MSD Consulting" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Sierra Leone" + ], + "Document ID": "1803-MSD-SLE", + "Document Title": "Cash Based Food Security Assistance for Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) -- Affected Sierra Leoneans in Kenema District, Implemented by Catholic Relief Services (CRS) Sierra Leone Final Evaluation Report", + "Document Summary": "This is a final evaluation report of cash-based food security assistance for Ebola virus disease (EVD) – affected Sierra Leoneans in Kenema district, implemented by Catholic Relief Services (CRS) Sierra Leone. The evaluation was commissioned for accountability and future cash-based intervention design and implementation purposes and to permit them to make conclusions on the achievement (or non-achievement) of intervention results based on evidence. The evaluation was conducted by assessing the relevance, appropriateness, efficiency, effectiveness, and contribution towards improving food security amongst the participating households in nine intervention chiefdoms of Kenema district.\n\nThrough a participatory approach, the evaluation used a mixed-method evaluation design. With the use of a two-stage cluster as well as purposive sampling techniques, the evaluation was conducted to present findings in response to the evaluation questions. A mobile-based household survey questionnaire designed on a KOBO collect platform was used to collect quantitative data on key interventions and other outcome indicators. Focus group discussions (FGD) and key informant interview (KII) guides were used as qualitative tools to collect in-depth information and to enhance triangulation.\n\nPhase I baseline data for HHS could not be analyzed due to a gap in the frequency for this occurrence question. The independent sample t-tests were conducted for significance among HHS and HDDS outcome indicators. There was no baseline dataset containing data on other outcome indicators, including; the Reduced Coping Strategies Index, Food Consumption Score, and Meal Frequency. This limited the evaluation team from conducting similar independent sample t-tests to estimate and ascertain whether these indicators' associated values from baseline to endline were statistically significant. The absence of baseline data for specific outcome indicators made it impossible for the evaluation team to directly compare baseline and endline indicator values. ", + "Key Findings": "Crop farming continues to be the main household income source, with 91.4% of participants who said that they depend on crop farming as their primary source of income compared to 70.8% who said so at baseline.\n\nOn average, 57% of participant household normal income is spent on food; followed by agriculture (14.7%), health care (10%), education (8.7%), and savings (4%).\n\nThe proportion of households with Little or no Hunger\nincreased significantly from 2.1% at baseline to 78.2% at endline, which led to a corresponding decrease in the proportions of households with Moderate Hunger from 84.3% at baseline to 20.7% at endline and those with Severe Hunger from 13.6% at baseline down to 1.1% at endline.", + "Key Recommendations": "The Government of Sierra Leone through the Ministry of Health and Sanitation, represented by the District Health Management Team (DHMT) and other related community structures should continue\nsensitizing and monitoring on-going programs on nutrition and hygiene with other implementing partners.\n\nThe Government of Sierra Leone, through the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Security (MAFFS) should\nundertake regular sensitizations on the benefits of backyard gardening and the importance of eating diverse foods to help improve their nutritional status rather than selling them.\n\nThe Government should work on community market access roads to increase market access to target communities.\n\nIn the future, some part capacity assessment should be done before relying on national partners to undertake certain technical aspects of the intervention.\n\nThe Government should support the local banks and telecommunication companies to increase outreach services to the rural poor.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00SWSV.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Financial Services", + "Telecommunications" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Splash Mobile Money Ltd" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID", + "CRS" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Agriculture and Food Security", + "Health" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Regional Business", + "For-profit approach that generates sustainable income", + "Formal Sector" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2018" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Jacques Berard", + "Shahid Umar" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Pakistan" + ], + "Document ID": "1803-Tetra-PAK", + "Document Title": "Agricultural Innovation Program Final Evaluation", + "Document Summary": "This is a final evaluation report of the Agricultural Innovation Program (AIP), funded by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) in Pakistan. It has assessed the extent to which and how AIP has built the agricultural research capacity of partner public and private research institutions; contributed to the diffusion of agricultural practices and technologies; and enhanced the knowledge, skills, attitudes, and behaviors of researchers, farmers, and others with whom it has engaged.\n\nThe evaluation employed a mixed-methods approach that included collecting quantitative and qualitative data from multiple sources (i.e., project documents, beneficiaries, stakeholders, and experts). The evaluation team surveyed public and private research organizations; conducted group interviews with farmers, members of research organizations, extension workers, and other trainees such as teachers and students; and interviewed key informants such as heads of research organizations and various stakeholders. Even with the efforts of the evaluation team to obtain valid and reliable data, the assessment also includes some limitations.\n\nThe evaluation team surveyed all heads and some members of 92 research organizations and randomly selected farmers, members of research organizations, extension workers, and other beneficiaries for group interviews. However, those who chose to respond to online surveys or agreed to participate in an interview may have been systematically different from those who have yet to respond or participate. This creates the potential for self-selection bias, although it is not practical to determine the magnitude or direction of any resulting bias. Rigorous attribution of outcomes to AIP activities was impossible because the program needed to be designed to accommodate impact evaluation. Instead, the evaluation team collected data to develop plausible explanations of AIP’s contribution to outcomes.", + "Key Findings": "A large majority of interview respondents believed that AIP has contributed to revitalizing agriculture research and innovation, attributable mainly to introducing new practices and technologies.\n\nAIP has been successful at building the research capacity of partner institutions.\n\nRoughly two-thirds of interview respondents thought that AIP’s implementation was effective and were particularly appreciative of the training.\n\nEighty-one percent of survey respondents said that AIP assessed their individual and organizations’ needs.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00TD39.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, and Hunting", + "Biotechnology" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Advancing Learning and Market Research;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Agriculture and Food Security" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Afghanistan and Pakistan" + ], + "Year": "2018" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Syarifah Aini Dalimunthe" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Indonesia" + ], + "Document ID": "1804-DALIM-IDN", + "Document Title": "Who Manages Space? Eco-DRR and the Local Community", + "Document Summary": "The notion of ecosystem-based disaster risk reduction (DRR) has only recently emerged in Indonesia. The Indonesian central government now adopts some policies related to ecosystem-based DRR with formal commitments from local administrations. At the implementation level, various activities have taken place, such as mangrove planting and restoration along the coastline to address the rising sea level and the “one billion trees” program to address the urgent issue of deforestation. These governmental activities have involved local communities that reside in the high-risk area, while nonlocal actors, particularly from the private and the nongovernmental sectors, have contributed as a third element to development. This paper examines space management in the context of Eco-DRR, paying special attention to uncertainty and anxiety in the local communities as the government and private sectors engage in development activities that have significant impacts on their present and future lives. The present study pursues this purpose by means of in-depth interview and focus group discussions (FGD) with local leaders in mangrove planting and restoration programs. The study took place in a small island community in a part of the Jakarta Megapolitan Region,\nIndonesia. The results point out that the community feels left behind due to lack of trust in managing the conservation space. Another issue to be addressed is how to improve the democratization of environment management and livelihood base of the local community. Therefore, building confidence and ameliorating relationships between actors within/without the local community should lead to a better Eco-DRR initiative.", + "Key Findings": "The results point out that the community feels left behind due to lack of trust in managing the conservation space. Another issue to be addressed is how to improve the democratization of environment management and livelihood base of the local community. Therefore, building confidence and ameliorating relationships between actors within/without the local community should lead to a better Eco-DRR initiative.", + "Key Recommendations": "(1) Future initiatives should be scrutinized to ensure they are promoting the actual community needs rather than community acceptance. Promoting actual community needs and considering heterogeneous characteristic of the in situ community may empower and at the same time significantly increase community resilience to coastal hazards. \n(2) Alternative actors should play a more significant role and be able to improve their capacity to work as partners with the ministry to attain the mandates. Considering such complex landscapes of coastal settings, it is highly probable that stand-alone legislation will likely fail to address the problems. Thus, better management must play a supporting role to carry that burden. \n(3) In the larger scale, the governance system likely needs to shift its environmental conservation from the centralist state to a decentralized manner, delegating the power to the civil society at the local level. Some scholars have commented on how DRR, conservation, and development are likely to be coupled, as the three activities have a common aim and all focus on attaining goals through market mechanisms. \n(4) Market mechanism instrument that complements DRR regulations may offer an economically efficient push to socio-environmental protection, encourage sustainable growth, and protect resources. For example, community-based payment model may also help limit community discrimination and promote more comprehensive engagement with outside actors. Therefore, it is an urgent need to factor economic incentives to the Eco-DRR activity delicately. It is to avoid a failure that will have a detrimental effect on social concerns such as poverty alleviation in the long run.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/10/6/1705/htm", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, and Hunting" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Ability to Influence Policy" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments", + "Reputation and Credible Convening Power" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "MDPI" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Environment/Climate Change", + "Humanitarian Assistance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Peer-reviewed article or other research report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Multi-national Business" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Asia" + ], + "Year": "2018" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Miyamoto International" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Costa Rica", + "Colombia", + "El Salvador", + "Mexico" + ], + "Document ID": "1804-USAID-MLT", + "Document Title": "USAID/OFDA PREPARE PROGRAM Final Program Results Report", + "Document Summary": "This document is a final program results report for USAID/OFDA's PREPARE program. Miyamoto International (Miyamoto) implemented the USAID/OFDA Preparing Rescue and Emergency Personnel to Ameliorate the Response to Earthquakes (PREPARE) program in San Jose, Costa Rica and Pasto, Colombia\nfrom November 2015 to April 2018. A funded modification (FM) in June 2017 provided additional resources for Miyamoto to continue PREPARE work in Costa Rica and Colombia while expanding the program to Guadalajara,\nMexico and San Salvador, El Salvador. On April 19, 2018, Miyamoto received a pre-award letter from USAID/OFDA to begin implementation of PREPARE II, a 27-month program focused on the institutionalization of products and outcomes delivered under PREPARE in Costa Rica and Colombia and expansion of seismic risk assessment, technical and capacity building\nassistance in Mexico and El Salvador. ", + "Key Recommendations": "PREPARE Program has proposed the following objectives and activities for the next period, starting in May 2018, to provide technical assistance for the development of the action plan to strengthen and formalize the collaboration between the USAR teams and the engineers in an emergency response to an\nearthquake:\n\n1. PREPARE will facilitate the execution of memoranda of understanding, letters of commitment or similar agreement mechanisms to provide a collaborative framework and define and link the institutional mandates, functions and responsibilities during a response.\n2. The lessons learned in the Mexico City response will be shared with the USAR groups and the volunteer engineering corps.\n3. In Mexico City, volunteer engineers provided support to USAR teams that responded in collapsed structures. The experience acquired by volunteer engineers in Mexico City will guide the training of the groups in Pasto.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00T837.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Engineering & Construction" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Miyamoto International" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Risk-Mitigation and Flexible Authorities", + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Miyamoto International", + "USAID" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Humanitarian Assistance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Formal Sector" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Latin America and the Carribean" + ], + "Year": "2018" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "IMPAQ" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Bosnia and Herzegovina" + ], + "Document ID": "1805-IMPAQ-BIH", + "Document Title": "Fostering Bosnia and Herzegovina's Agricultural Sector: Performance Evaluation of USAID/Sweden Fostering Agricultural Markets Activity II (FARMA II) ", + "Document Summary": "This performance evaluation of the USAID/Sweden Fostering Agricultural Markets Activity II (FARMA II) assesses progress on the Activity's contractual obligations to date. Based on the evaluation findings, conclusions, and recommendations from this evaluation, USAID/Sweden can adjust the Activity as needed. The assessment focuses on four research questions. The first question examines FARMA II's progress to date on key performance indicators and the prospects for meeting life of Activity targets. The second question examines whether the approach included in FARMA II's 2017 work plan, which provides for the addition of AgMentor, has produced results on key indicators and how this approach has been implemented. The third question examines how public sector stakeholders perceive the relevance of FARMA II and how the Activity's assistance to this group has been implemented. Finally, the fourth evaluation question assesses whether FARMA II's TA has led to progress in adopting the Rural Development Strategy and how this assistance has been implemented.\n\nThe research team employed a mixed methods approach to further evaluate FARMA II's progress. It triangulated data across the following sources to answer each of the evaluation questions: i) FARMA II design and implementation documentation and databases, including award and award modification, work plans, quarterly reports, annual reports, monitoring and evaluation (M&E) documentation, and deliverables within FARMA's work with the public sector, ii) Secondary documentation relevant to FARMA II, such as documentation from the European Commission and the World Bank, as well as documentation from relevant BiH government/public institutions, iii) 74 semi-structured key informant interviews (KIIs), and iv) Online survey of FARMA PO beneficiaries. Potential limitations of this evaluation include Response bias, Data contamination, Recall bias, Selection bias, Lack of official financial reports for 2017 indicators, and Period of implementation of some aspects of the FARMA II technical approach.", + "Key Findings": "It is likely that given past and present growth trends, FARMA II’s export and jobs targets will be met at the end of the Activity’s implementation.\n\nWhile there is progress on some indicators, given the Activity’s design and limitations of the baseline survey, it is not possible to say with certainty that FARMA II interventions have produced or will produce these changes in the sales and exports of assisted POs.\n\nGenerally, beneficiaries are satisfied with the TA provided by FARMA II and feel that it meets their business needs.\n\nTo expand their reach, FARMA II’s 2017 approach relies on the multiplication of TA through AgMentor.\n\nThere was satisfaction with the public-sector certification and training received from FARMA II and many stakeholders noted that there was effective communication and collaboration with FARMA II around this TA.", + "Key Recommendations": "Recommendation 1: The design of FARMA II limited the potential for assessing the impacts of USAID’s long-term and generally well-perceived engagement in the agriculture sector. When designing new agricultural activities, lessons learned from previous programming should be integrated as early as the Request for Proposals (RFP) stage.\n\nRecommendation 2: Given the importance of a combination of TA and grants, FARMA II should prioritize the provision of direct, high-intensity, and high-quality TA to PO grantees.\n\nRecommendation 3: Since new FARMA II beneficiaries will be smaller POs, FARMA II should tailor its TA accordingly.\n\nRecommendation 4: USAID/BiH should reconsider supporting the financing of the two AgMentor physical centers.\n\nRecommendation 5: USAID/BiH should perform a thorough financial analysis to determine whether the AgMentor approach diverted financial resources away from the direct provision of TA by FARMA II personnel to beneficiaries or served as an effective multiplier of TA to the targeted sectors.", + "Internet URL of Document": "http://www.measurebih.com/uimages/FARMA20II20Final20Evaluation20Report.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, and Hunting", + "Food & Beverage" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;", + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Agriculture and Food Security" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Local Business" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Europe and Eurasia" + ], + "Year": "2018" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "MSI" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Kenya" + ], + "Document ID": "1805-Manag-KEN", + "Document Title": "Final Performance Evaluation: Kenya Agricultural Value Chain Enterprises Activity (KAVES)", + "Document Summary": "This report presents findings and recommendations of the final Kenya Agricultural Value Chain Enterprises Activity (KAVES) performance evaluation from October 2017 to February 2018. The purpose of the assessment was to assess the project’s design and inform designs for future activities. The review was also done to determine whether the activity successfully met its goals of increasing incomes, improving nutrition, and enhancing food security in the zone of influence (ZOI).\n\nThe evaluation design included a mix of data collection and analysis methods to generate answers to the evaluation questions. Qualitative methods included primary data collection (key informant interviews, KIIs, focus group discussions, or FGDs). Preliminary data was drawn from 401 stakeholders (201 women and 200 men) in seven of the 22 counties in the ZOI. Counties visited during primary data collection were selected to draw participants across key value chains in semi-arid and high-rainfall geographic areas. Interviewees included implementing partner (IP) staff, numerous subcontractors, private sector partners, government officials at the national and county levels, and beneficiaries within various value chains. A desk review also informed results presented herein. Key among these were project documents and data, as well as other relevant documents, including Kenya, Feed the Future Strategy 2011–2015, and the USAID Multi-Sectoral Nutrition Strategy 2014–2025. The evaluation also included a telephone survey of 109 unique organizations that received KAVES support with outreach to at least 500,000 beneficiaries. Results from this exercise were used to augment qualitative findings. The evaluation team identified key areas of potential bias, such as recall bias, selection bias, limited availability of target respondents, inadequate data, data bias, and loss of follow-up. ", + "Key Findings": "KAVES met and exceeded the ambitious quantitative targets assigned in its statement of work (SOW) and monitoring, evaluation and learning (MEL) plan. The evaluation team found quantitative and qualitative evidence that KAVES met its objectives related to competitiveness and productivity. Qualitative evidence suggested that KAVES helped farmers increase their income. While not a\nrequirement of Feed the Future, monitoring data on income would have provided clearer quantitative evidence of progress toward this important objective. The evaluation team did not find conclusive\nquantitative or qualitative evidence that the activity achieved its goal of improving food security and nutrition.", + "Key Recommendations": "POVERTY, NUTRITION AND SCALE\n• Especially for an activity the size of KAVES, USAID should endeavor to measure indicators such as income, poverty and hunger, even if not required by FTF.\n\nMEASURING VALUE CHAINS\n• FTF value chain projects should place more focus on measuring small and medium enterprise (SME) employment development along value chains, as a high proportion of household incomes comes from off-farm activities.\n\nPARTNERSHIPS AND FINANCE\n• USAID should continue efforts to encourage aggregation, as this will bring additional income to smallholders and provide cost-effective raw product supply options for dairies, fruit processors, fresh produce exporters and breweries.\n\nPRODUCTION AND PROCESSING\n• The dairy value chain should be a continued key focus of FTF programming.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00T9H6.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, and Hunting" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Agriculture and Food Security" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2018" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Kiran Kamble", + "Charlotte Muheki", + "Janno Cazemier", + "Deogratious Sebuwufu", + "George Ssali", + "Augustine Wandera", + "Jordan Rief" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Uganda" + ], + "Document ID": "1806-Kambl-UGA", + "Document Title": "Evaluation of the USAID/Uganda Private Health Support (PHS) Program", + "Document Summary": "This report presents the findings of the USAID/Uganda Private Health Support Program (PHS) evaluation. This evaluation intended to examine the PHS program over its implementation period comprehensively and to determine to what extent the results were achieved and what factors enabled or hindered the achievement of these results.\n\nThe evaluation team used a mixed methods approach combining both quantitative and qualitative methods to get answers to the evaluation questions. Quantitative methods used in the evaluation mainly consisted of descriptive measures, including percentages/proportions, trend lines, pie charts, and bar charts. The evaluation team applied qualitative methods for assessing the strategy, processes, achievements, challenges, and risks in the PHS program. The evaluation team used qualitative methods for evaluating the strategy, processes, achievements, challenges, and risks in the PHS program. A purposive sampling approach was adopted to select the sites for primary data collection.\n\nSome of the limitations and challenges that the evaluation team encountered during data collection and verification were: i) Training institutes refused to grant interviews, ii) Some control HFs received Haab training, and this may have positively influenced their results, iii) Inability to secure correct contact information for the PHS partner facilities, iv) Delays in securing visit dates with the facilities, v) Physically finding the sites in the districts due to incorrect location information and getting correct contact information for the person in charge at the HFs, vii) Getting sector-wise loan disbursement data from DCA and non-DCA banks, viii) Denial of the administrator to be interviewed, ix) and Getting information from the MBs on implementing various training and HSS initiatives across their HFs was impossible.", + "Key Findings": "PHS’s quarterly and annual reports show good progress towards many of their defined indicators, but progress towards the larger IRs was not conceptualized or tracked as thoroughly as it should have been.\n\n\nPHS was successful in several areas, including in fostering relationships with the councils, in establishing SQIS protocols, in working with the medical bureaus, in providing OVC support, and in meeting their service delivery targets. \n\nThe program fell behind in lowering the prices of drugs, commodities, and services to the consumer, and in documenting progress or shortcomings towards the IRs across the life of the\nprogram. \n\nThe evaluation team found that PHS had mixed results in achieving the IRs, but the larger picture shows that PHS also struggled with the learning and adaptation needed to be able to manage the competing components as a cohesive program.", + "Key Recommendations": "• USAID/Uganda should ensure that modifications and changes in scope are undertaken in a manner that does not fundamentally alter the theory of change (TOC) of the program.\n• Implementing Partners (IPs) should periodically pause and reflect on whether their activities and the results being achieved are in sync with their TOC and the program objectives as set out in the\ntask order, including program modifications.\n• IPs should undertake investigations (learning) during implementation intended to establish impediments to achieving results and objectives with intend to support adaptive management and decision-making, and not wait for mid and endline evaluations.\n• A CLA plan should be developed at the beginning of the program and hiring of a CLA specialist should be prioritized to ensure continuous application and integration of CLA approaches.\n• Access to financing for the private health sector requires a phased approach- PHS should first prepare smaller HCBs to better situate themselves as candidates for loans, through interventions\nsuch as HaaB trainings, business skills development, and financial management, before linking the HCBs to the banks. \n• IPs should initiate other modalities to incentivize HFs to deliver comprehensive health services and to add additional services to clients, following the cancellation of use of “performance-based\ngrants” by COP 15 guidance for Program engagement with HIV care and treatment services in the private sector. ", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00TDFC.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Health Care", + "Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, and Hunting", + "Financial Services", + "Pharmaceuticals" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "New Forests Company Ltd", + "Kakira Sugar Limited", + "Mabale Growers Tea Factory Limited", + "Rwenzori Commodities Ltd", + "Ecobank", + "Centenary Bank" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships", + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments", + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Health" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Local Business", + "For-profit approach that generates sustainable income", + "Formal Sector", + "Financial Institution, Investors, and Intermediaries", + "Regional Business", + "Multi-national Business" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2018" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Yasemin Irvin-Erickson", + "Edward Mohr", + "Ammar A. Malik" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "1806-MALIK-GLO", + "Document Title": "Private sector humanitarians? New Approaches in the Global Refugee Response", + "Document Summary": "With the global displaced population exceeding 68 million, the global humanitarian response system is under unprecedented stress. With widening funding gaps and no resolution in sight, new solutions are needed to address the needs of over 68 million displaced people worldwide. The private sector’s innovative and financial capacity is emerging as one such avenue, resulting in dozens of partnerships with local and international nonprofits. Depending on local policy environments, such working arrangements create both opportunities and risks for partners and hosts.\n\nThis report is an attempt to learn lessons from existing experiences and offer insights on what works under given circumstances. Through desk research on existing partnerships, semistructured interviews with key stakeholders, site visits with partners in Jordan and Uganda, expert roundtables, and public discussions, we gather insights on both conceptual and practical aspects of partnerships benefiting refugees. We introduce a conceptual framework on the variety of options available to partners and offer recommendations for organizing win-win partnerships in the future.", + "Key Findings": "This paper shows that: private companies and humanitarian organizations face significant startup costs; local intermediaries play a key role in the inception of a successful partnership; the most successful partnerships are flexible, supported strongly by senior leadership with clear goals and open communication; private entities must build and have a clear and robust business case for serving refugees.", + "Key Recommendations": "Based on these insights, we offer several recommendations to promote the advancement of future partnerships to tackling pressing issues facing the humanitarian system. We propose setting up a global refugee clearinghouse, with an international secretariat and strong regional presence, to help match private companies with compatible humanitarian organizations. Through a small staff and a network of local member organizations, it would help overcome information asymmetries, provide partner due diligence and undertake monitoring, evaluation and learning through rigorous research. More research will thus help increase the awareness of these partnerships and provide insights on how to overcome common barriers. By providing employment and the provision of services, private-humanitarian partnerships offer a novel and promising approach to the global refugee crisis.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.urban.org/research/publication/private-sector-humanitarians", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Telecommunications", + "Technology", + "Other" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "AT&T", + "Walmart" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Efficiency and Effectiveness", + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;", + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment", + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Urban Institute" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Humanitarian Assistance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Peer-reviewed article or other research report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Multi-national Business", + "Formal Sector", + "Large Enterprise" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2018" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "MSI" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Kenya" + ], + "Document ID": "1806-Manag-KEN", + "Document Title": "Kenya Innovation Engine (KIE) Performance Evaluation Final Report", + "Document Summary": "USAID/Kenya’s stated purpose of the final performance evaluation is to assess the efficacy of KIE’s design, determine whether the project successfully met its goals of scaling innovations for market-based solutions, and discover how it could have been improved to bring innovations to market. The performance evaluation was intended to provide lessons learned to shape programming. The evaluation report would inform the implementation of the upcoming Kenya Investment Mechanism project that was due to begin in early 2018.\n\nData was gathered from both primary and secondary sources. The qualitative methods provided a means of collecting in-depth information from stakeholders. The evaluation reviewed project documents and reports produced by LOL and innovators, such as activity implementation documents and other periodic progress reports. The assessment also reviewed online resources and other reports relevant to activity efforts. To avoid the potential for positive bias among informants selected by LOL and innovators, the evaluation team selected informants and respondents from comprehensive lists whenever possible. In addition, drawing from a broad and diverse respondent pool, including partners and national and county government representatives, helped offset biases. The team also obtained information from non-project sources, particularly USAID, about key individuals to include. The availability of desired key informants varied, and the evaluation team worked with those available at the specified times, which may mean that some gaps in data are unavoidable. Due to confidentiality concerns, the evaluation team had little to no access to critical documents such as grant agreements and contracts.", + "Key Findings": "While KIE benefits were intended to flow down to smallholder farmers in areas with the greatest density of poverty to address FTF goals of food security and nutrition, KIE’s measurements of success were inherently contradictory: performance was measured by sales and growth of private sector companies to an impoverished population that had minimal funds, farms with economic potential, sufficient number of animals, access to markets, general education level and intellectual capacity to understand the cost/benefits of how innovators’ products could benefit them.\n\nKIE was neither designed nor implemented to directly address the needs of smallholder farmers; it was designed to identify, foster and bring to scale innovative market-driven solutions and enable innovations to become fully sustainable in the market.\n\nKIE had successful collaboration with two other OEG programs.\n\nThe majority of innovators found the technical assistance to be highly valuable.\n\nKIE may be credited with expediting innovators’ attractiveness to investors through a no-cost capital injection that enabled them to mitigate financial risk while entering challenging geographic markets and experimenting with business expansion without eroding their financial base and company valuations.", + "Key Recommendations": "Program Objectives, Design and Indicators:\n--Establish a single identity for the project to assist management, staff and USAID to remain on track. \n\nFinancing Criteria:\n--Work with banks to devise loan products that take into account the high-risk nature of innovative agribusiness companies. \n\nUtilize Local Networks\n--Promote project and availability of support through channels as an alternative to donor networks and that will increase reach to women and youth, such as through social networks, agriculture institutes and entrepreneur networks.\n\nMonitoring Progress\n--Establish a process to monitor companies’ financial performance, progress and use of grant funds.\n\nDevelopment Objectives\n--To maximize the adoption of agriculture innovations, emphasize a rural IP presence, ensure protracted farmer contact and employ an aggressive farmer field day schedule.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00TDMF.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, and Hunting", + "Telecommunications", + "Financial Services", + "Biotechnology", + "Technology" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Elephant Vert", + "BSP Novaster", + "Safaricom", + "Agri Seed Company", + "Unifert", + "Village Capital", + "Microsoft", + "BioPest" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities", + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge", + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Agriculture and Food Security" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Large Enterprise", + "Multi-national Business", + "For-profit approach that generates sustainable income", + "Formal Sector", + "Regional Business", + "Financial Institution, Investors, and Intermediaries", + "American Business" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2018" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Anne M. Quarshie", + "Rudolf Leuschner" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "United States" + ], + "Document ID": "1806-Quars-USA-pr", + "Document Title": "Cross‐Sector Social Interactions and Systemic Change in Disaster Response: A Qualitative Study", + "Document Summary": "This paper begins to fill the gap in the cross-sector literature regarding interactions that have systemic impacts by investigating how the simultaneous processes of systemic change and intensifying cross-sector interaction worked and interacted in the context of the preparedness system. It examines these inter-linkages through a qualitative study in the setting of Hurricane Sandy. Drawing from systems theory, it develops a grounded model that explains the system change and highlights how cross-sector interaction relates to the changes observed in the system.\n\nThe main research question addressed in this study is: How do cross-sector social interactions (CSSIs) contribute to the systemic changes that are taking place in the preparedness system? This paper studies these dynamic processes in the empirical context of Hurricane Sandy in New Jersey through a qualitative grounded theory. By addressing this research question, the paper especially seeks to advance the understanding of how transformative change can come about and unfold as a result of CSSIs. In addition, the empirical study capitalizes on a unique opportunity to examine the interlinkages between CSSI and systemic change in a multi-organizational, cross-sector network that belongs to a broader system orchestrated by government agencies and has shown a remarkable capacity for renewal and adaptation. \n\nThis study report contributes to research and theory in several ways. First, it begins to fill the gap in the CSSI literature regarding interactions that impact the transformation of broader systems. Specifically, it examines how the preparedness system has evolved from a (federal) government-centric structure, in which emergency responders played central roles in disaster preparedness and governance, into a system where the “whole community” is placed at center stage. The analysis in this paper shows that the preparedness system is essentially a constellation of actors as well as (formal and informal) cross-sector and within-sector interactions. Second, integrating systems theory-related concepts into analysis and theory, the paper contends that the system is expanding and transforming as part of a long-term process. Third, it provides a theoretical model that explains the system transformation that occurred in the aftermath of Hurricane Sandy and highlights how CSSIs contributed to this change. Overall, the paper contends that a long-term, evolutionary change occurs in the system. ", + "Key Findings": "The United States National Preparedness System has evolved significantly in the recent past. These changes have affected the system structures and goals for disaster response. At the same time, actors such as private businesses have become increasingly involved in disaster efforts. In this paper, we begin to fill the gap in the cross-sector literature regarding interactions that have systemic impacts by investigating how the simultaneous processes of systemic change and intensifying cross-sector interaction worked and interacted in the context of the preparedness system. We examine these inter-linkages through a qualitative study in the setting of Hurricane Sandy. Drawing from systems theory, we develop a grounded model that provides an explanation for the system change and highlights how cross-sector interaction relates to the changes observed in the system.", + "Internet URL of Document": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10551-018-3860-z", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Retail", + "Energy", + "Other", + "Food & Beverage", + "Telecommunications" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Ability to Influence Policy", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness", + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Flexibility and Pace", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Risk-Mitigation and Flexible Authorities" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Journal of Business Ethics" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Humanitarian Assistance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Peer-reviewed article or other research report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Regional Business", + "American Business", + "For-profit Commercial Entity", + "Local Business", + "Large Enterprise" + ], + "Year": "2018" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Joan Sullivan-Owomoyela", + "Jennifer Shin", + "Victoria O’Hara" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Regional" + ], + "Document ID": "1806-Sulli-MLT", + "Document Title": "Education Systems Strengthening Research in sub-Saharan Africa Final Report", + "Document Summary": "The USAID Education Systems Strengthening Research Activity aims to research and synthesize the critical patterns of effective institutional strengthening of host countries in Sub-Saharan Africa to build and sustain their education systems between 2000 and 2017. The research is intended to contribute to the literature on the progress that has been made toward the achievement of sustainable development in the field of education, what further work needs to be done in terms of identifying and understanding how systems strengthening was undertaken, and why activities, interventions, and practices were and were not successful. This research is intended to inform discussions on strategic directions and approaches under the READ Act.\n\nThis study employed a \"complementary design\" by collecting data through systematic document reviews and semi-structured key informant interviews. Following the global assessment, the research team reviewed USAID systems guidance, including the USAID health sector systems strengthening work, Human and Institutional Capacity Development (HICD), USAID Local Systems Framework, and G2G funding. Project evaluations focused primarily on the performance of USAID projects per se; therefore, evidence for sustainability, scale, and more extensive system change efforts is limited. ADS 201 5Rs Framework in the Program Cycle Technical Notes reinforces this point with the statement that the \"Agency's experience in applying systems practice to development problems is limited at this point and has focused more on up-front assessment of systems than it has on engaging systems through projects and activities.\" Given this study's timeframe and resource limitations, the research team did not conduct an exhaustive review of all education projects in sub-Saharan Africa with systems-strengthening elements. Instead, evaluations initially considered for review were taken from those already reviewed by the African Bureau's Education Team and deemed relevant for this activity.", + "Key Findings": "1. An initial round of interviews with key informants and a review of USAID documents conducted to frame the research revealed there is no clear education sector definition of “education systems” or “systems strengthening”\n2. Evaluations contained limited evidence of systems strengthening. Evaluations in crisis and conflict settings (e.g., South Sudan) noted that weak systems and severe resource limitations severely affected systems strengthening opportunities.\n3. ‘Listening’ to understand the capacity of the system is critical. From the beginning, establishing a forum for dialogue, information-sharing, and decision-making that involves host governments is essential for programming success.\n4. Human capacity development without requisite institutional capacity/strengthening has limited impact.\n5. Mobility of teacher and other education staff impedes human and institutional capacity development.", + "Key Recommendations": "1. Develop a collective vision and common strategy for education systems strengthening to follow the Agency’s focus on fostering local institutional and individual capacity-building initiatives that ensure all children and youth are in school and learning. \n2. Review and validate existing and develop additional assessment instruments to evaluate education system challenges and opportunities, with a focus on improving access to education and learning outcomes.\n3. Develop an integrated strategy and approach to support the building of institutional and individual capacity for systems strengthening with a focus on improving access and learning\noutcomes.\n4. Further research is needed on the impact of education workforce recruitment, deployment, migration, and retention on USAID investments in capacity building.\n5. G2G funding in the education sector that targets systems strengthening to support improved access and learning outcomes may require its own retrospective study.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00TCW5.pdf", + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth", + "Conflict" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Education and Social Services" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2018" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Anna Lowe", + "Dan Butler" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Nepal" + ], + "Document ID": "1807-BUTL-NPL", + "Document Title": " Cost-effective manufacturing in the field", + "Document Summary": "This paper compares the cost of essential relief items manufactured by Field Ready in Nepal with the best available alternatives.\n\nLocal manufacturing of aid supplies – using both high-tech and low-tech methods – provides an opportunity to create business models that can realise substantial cost savings compared to conventional procurement of finished products via international supply chains.", + "Key Findings": "Our analysis showed that items locally manufactured by Field Ready realise cost savings of up to 90%: Fetoscope: A simple, re-usable medical device The cost of manufacturing is marginally higher than buying an imported item in Kathmandu. However, if it can be produced in the field in remote areas through a fixed or mobile capability, then the overall cost can be lower. Otoscope: A more complex medical device. The cost of manufacturing is 75% lower than the cost of buying an imported item. The item can also be maintained more easily, using locally available parts. Cookstove knobs: Spare part for a high value device. The cost of manufacturing is similar to the cost of buying and shipping replacements from the manufacturer. However, in a situation where the normal supply chain had been completely disrupted a \ncostly delay could be avoided. Vacuum pump part: Spare part for a high value device. The cost of manufacturing is 90% lower than buying replacement parts, which can be difficult or impossible to source through conventional means. Aid agency staff we interviewed indicated that there is demand for locally manufactured relief supplies. However, they also raised concerns that in their experience there is rarely the capacity within local markets to deliver quality items consistently. We also spoke to local and international merchants and, whilst in theory some merchants would lose out if aid agencies bought more items locally, they saw a number of potential benefits. Individual merchants saw potential opportunities to supply new items to their customers, or to deliver value in new ways. To raise interest in supporting the local manufacturing of essential relief supplies, aid agencies and donors suggested to us that there is a need for more evidence to help them to understand how the approach can produce value for money over the medium and long term.", + "Key Recommendations": "It has not been possible in the course of this study to understand the full supply chain costs of the large humanitarian agencies or the Nepali government. Such an exercise could provide extremely valuable insight into when and how local manufacturing can realise radical cost savings in the delivery of aid, and the scale of the potential gains.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/Economic%20Study%20Nepal%202017.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Processing & Manufacturing" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge", + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Field Ready" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Humanitarian Assistance" + ], + "Type of Document": "White Paper/Think Tank Report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "For-profit Commercial Entity" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Asia" + ], + "Year": "2018" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Mark Machacek" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "1807-Macha-GLO-pr", + "Document Title": "Global Public–Private Partnerships and the New Constitutionalism of the Refugee Regime", + "Document Summary": "This article situates the emerging mode of global governance within the recent academic discussions on Global Constitutionalism from a critical political economy perspective. It focuses on the case of the UN Refugee Agency’s GP3s in refugee protection and assistance. Critically inquiring into GP3s not only as informal global constitutional arrangements but also as a set of political relations, this article asks: what is the constitutional and political nature of UNHCR–business partnerships? What impacts, if any, do they have on the agency? And what does this mean for understanding global constitutionalism? \n\nFollowing a review of the GlobCon and GP3 literature, this article dissects UNHCR–business partnerships from a critical political economy perspective that emphasizes power, the structure of the global political economy, ideology, and social forces. It argues that a) UNHCR GP3s are constituted as asymmetrical political relations in terms of their power distributions and the benefits, risks, and commitments each actor accrues, b) that they are having constitutive effects on the agency in a manner synonymous with Stephen Gill’s conception of ‘new constitutionalism’ – an existential neoliberal reconfiguration that re-constitutionalizes and embeds the agency within the forces of the capitalist global political economy, thereby further constitutionalizing the structural power of capital – and c) that these political and constitutive dynamics of GP3s challenge the more mainstream and liberal-based conceptualizations and analyses the promotion of current GlobCon processes. Finally, this analysis has articulated the constitutive potential of global constitutions and reveals the necessity to ask the ‘constitutionalism for what and for whom’ questions advanced by critical theorists. The constitutionalizing of UNHCR GP3s is best understood not as establishing legal or institutional constraints and guiding governance processes but as facilitating institutional and regime change on an existential level.", + "Key Findings": "Since the early 2000s, regimes and institutions of global governance have undergone a paradigmatic shift in their relations with multinational corporations. The United Nations, in particular, has increasingly embraced big business as ‘partner’ in humanitarian response and development with the establishment of ‘global public private partnerships’ (GP3s). This article situates this emerging mode of global governance within the recent academic discussions on Global Constitutionalism from a critical political economy perspective, focusing on the case of the UN Refugee Agency’s GP3s in refugee protection and assistance. Critically inquiring into GP3s not only as informal global constitutional arrangements but also as a set of political relations, this article asks: what is the constitutional and political nature of UNHCR– business partnerships? What impacts, if any, do they have on the agency? And, what does this mean for understanding global constitutionalism? The article argues that UNHCR partnerships are constituted as asymmetrical political relations in terms of their distributions of power, benefits, risks and commitments, that they are having neoliberal-oriented constitutive effects on the agency and that these constitutional dynamics challenge the more mainstream and liberal-based conceptualisations, analyses and promotion of current global constitutionalism processes.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://doi.org/10.1017/s2045381718000102", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Telecommunications", + "Technology", + "Other", + "Energy", + "Transportation and Warehousing", + "Retail", + "Food & Beverage" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Vodafone Foundation", + "UPS", + "Synthesis Corp.", + "Hunt Power", + "Hewlett Packard Enterprise", + "IKEA", + "Microsoft", + "Hunt Oil", + "Nestle", + "PriceWaterhouseCoopers", + "Merck for Mothers", + "Nike", + "Samasource", + "Unocal" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities", + "Ability to Influence Policy", + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Reputation and Credible Convening Power", + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Cambridge University Press" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Conflict" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Humanitarian Assistance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Peer-reviewed article or other research report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "For-profit Commercial Entity", + "Corporate Foundation", + "Large Enterprise", + "Multi-national Business" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2018" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Elizabeth McGuinness" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Regional" + ], + "Document ID": "1807-McGui-MLT", + "Document Title": "Women's Economic Empowerment in the Digital Economy", + "Document Summary": "This White Paper brings the digital economy as presenting significant opportunities for the region while also calling for gender mainstreaming in the AEC together and makes recommendations on how the ASEAN Economic Community 2025 Consolidated Strategic Action Plan (AEC 2025 CSAP) can be implemented to promote women’s economic empowerment.\n\nThis White Paper will focus on the AEC 2025 CSAP, especially the areas relating to the digital economy, to mainstream gender in the AEC. The proposed strategies and actions in the CSAP will be examined in terms of the objectives and aspirations of the AEC Blueprint 2025, at the regional or subregional levels, to WEE in the specific context of the digital ASEAN. This provides a backdrop to the follow-on analysis of the particular strategic measures and key action lines under CSAP and other sectoral action plans, which should contain or incorporate gender empowerment measures and actions to initiate and/or promote WEE in ASEAN. In particular, what practical approaches would facilitate gender empowerment through various ASEAN sectoral committees in the AEC and individual member states? To limit the scope of analysis and as requested by the ACCMSME, the emphasis will be on self-employed women entrepreneurs rather than wages and salary earners.\n\nThe paper explores these key questions: 1. What are the key ASEAN-specific factors and forces that have constrained or hindered women from obtaining equitable access to development opportunities and prevented women from playing their full economic role as wage and salary earners or self-employed entrepreneurs and business persons in the digital economy? 2. What strategic measures and key action lines under CSAP and other sectoral action plans should include gender empowerment measures and actions to initiate and/or promote WEE in ASEAN? 3. What range of practical approaches and specific activities would allow the gender empowerment measures identified and proposed in question 2 above to be introduced and implemented by various ASEAN sectoral committees in the AEC? To answer these questions, the research team conducted an extensive literature review and consultations with key informants at ASEAN and the region. ", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.nathaninc.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/WEE-in-the-Digital-Economy-White-Paper.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Business Services" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "White Paper/Think Tank Report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Business Association or Cooperative" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Asia" + ], + "Year": "2018" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Palladium" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Ghana" + ], + "Document ID": "1807-Palla-GHA", + "Document Title": "Final Report: Financing Ghanaian Agriculture Project (USAID FinGAP)", + "Document Summary": "This report is a final report of the USAID-launched Financing Ghanaian Agriculture Project (USAID FinGAP) project, which was designed and implemented to address a key constraint restricting the development of commercial agriculture in Ghana: access to finance necessary to enable investment in agricultural value chains. By unlocking financing at scale for three value chains critical for food security in Ghana – rice, maize, and soy – the project was designed to contribute to USAID's overall goal of fostering broad-based, sustained, and inclusive economic growth. The report highlights its success in achieving all of its program objectives and performance indicators, except for one – financial recovery rates for the agriculture sector, which was nearly (91%) completed. Results achieved by USAID FinGAP positively contribute to the USAID/Ghana Mission Country Development Cooperation Strategy (CDCS) Development Objective 2, Sustainable and Broadly Shared Economic Growth, and the overarching FTF goal of sustainably reducing global poverty and hunger.\n\nUSAID FinGAP was charged with increasing financing to three commodities critical to Ghana's level of food security: maize, rice, and soy. Agribusinesses across the maize, rice, and soy value chains— including processors, aggregators, traders, input providers, and producers— require a comprehensive suite of short, medium, and long-term financing, which they have struggled to access via formal FIs. The project identified the lack of quality consulting services for the agribusiness sector as a principal market failure contributing to Ghana's agribusiness financing gap. Prospective borrowers were largely unfamiliar with how to interact with the financial system, including knowing which sources of funds to target based on their needs or how to create bankable financing applications that meet the requirements of FIs. ", + "Key Findings": "After 5 years of implementation, USAID FinGAP spent $22 million in U.S. Government (USG) resources from USAID, FtF, and the PFG initiative, successfully leveraging nearly $168 million in new financing to almost 3,000 agribusinesses in the maize, rice, and soy value chains. This is more than double the project’s top-line indictor of $75M in financing. USAID FinGAP additionally mobilized $91.1 million in alternate financing from the capital markets for two SMEs. USAID FinGAP is widely considered a success, not only due to the number and scale of loans placed, but because it changed the market for agricultural financing in Ghana from one where FIs were reluctant to lend to agribusinesses, to one where FIs are competing for market position in agricultural financing.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00TCV9.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, and Hunting", + "Food & Beverage", + "Financial Services" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Shinkaafa Buni Rice Cooperative Association", + "Avnash Industries Limited", + "First Allied Savings and Loans Limited", + "Dalex Finance & Leasing Company Limited", + "Worawora Rice Mills", + "Worawora Outgrower Service Limited", + "Ghana Growth Fund Company", + "Vester Oil Mills Limited", + "Synergy Capital", + "Sinapi Aba Savings and Loans", + "John Deere" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities", + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge", + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships", + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment", + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Agriculture and Food Security" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Local Business", + "For-profit approach that generates sustainable income", + "Financial Institution, Investors, and Intermediaries", + "Business Association or Cooperative", + "American Business", + "Multi-national Business", + "Formal Sector" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2018" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "PBSP" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Philippines" + ], + "Document ID": "1807-PBSP-PHL", + "Document Title": "IMPACT: Innovations and Multisectoral Partnerships to Achieve Control of Tuberculosis Project", + "Document Summary": "This is an end-of-project report for the USAID-funded Innovations and Multisectoral Partnerships to Achieve Control of Tuberculosis (IMPACT) project that sought to respond to the tuberculosis (TB) problem in the Philippines. The Project provided TA to the Department of Health National TB Control Program (DOH-NTP). It worked directly with 43 provinces and cities with the most significant burden of TB disease and the lowest performance in case detection and cure rates. IMPACT engaged public and private sectors at the national and local levels to detect and successfully treat TB cases. This report presents the outcomes of the Project’s interventions that were measured against national program indicators and targets.\n\nThe report highlights IMPACT’s accomplishments along with the project strategies and activities. These achievements are arrayed according to three significant program challenges: (i) enhancing TB case finding to improve case notification rate, (ii) improving and sustaining treatment success rate, and (iii) ensuring an enabling environment for quality TB care. Additionally, the report discusses the Project’s: (iv) technical assistance to the Department of Health National Tuberculosis Control Program (DOH-NTP) at the national level and (v) other technical assistance that does not fit in the above categories. Recommendations and action lines that DOH-NTP, the new USAID TB projects, and other key TB players may want to pursue are also provided.", + "Key Findings": "Project technical assistance (TA) beefed up TB case notification in U.S. Government-assisted sites by 34% --281 per 100,000 population in Year 5 (FY2017), up from 209 per 100,000 population in Year 1 (FY2012), achieving 96% of the end-of-project (EOP) target (290 per 100,000 population). Meanwhile, 90% of TB cases were successfully treated in USG sites by end of Year 5, equivalent to 95% of the target treatment success rate (that is, 95%) by EOP. The Project reached 50% of the Filipino population with quality TB care through a strengthened health system. Key to these achievements was the committed participation of partners at the community, local government unit (LGU), regional, and national levels in both public and private sectors.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00TDKN.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Health Care", + "Pharmaceuticals" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge", + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth", + "Conflict" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Health" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Asia" + ], + "Year": "2018" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Daniel Puig", + "James Arthur Haselip", + "Fatemeh Bakhtiari" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global", + "Kenya" + ], + "Document ID": "1807-Puig-GLO-pr", + "Document Title": "The mismatch between the in‑country determinants of technology transfer, and the scope of technology transfer initiatives under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change", + "Document Summary": "This paper draws upon the conclusions of a series of standardized official governmental statements coupled with questionnaire-based data collection to shed light on the nature of those determinants. In the context of multilateral climate change negotiations, scaling up the adoption of lower-carbon energy technologies in developing countries is referred to as ‘technology transfer’. Over the years, the concept of technology transfer has become central to these negotiations: technology transfer has been ‘characterized by a highly narrow and instrumentalist understanding of technology and the conditions under which technology transfer occurs.\n\nReflecting the shortcomings noted above, the extent to which the plethora of past and ongoing technology transfer initiatives have been effective and efficient at scaling up the adoption of cleaner energy technologies in developing countries is unknown. Identifying the in-country determinants of technology transfer, and mapping them against the outcomes of these initiatives, is a prerequisite to evaluating the efficiency and effectiveness of the initiatives. The paper explores this question, focusing on a selection of energy-related technologies and a small group of developing countries to offer indicative results to stimulate debate and identify areas for more in-depth research. To draw broadly applicable findings relevant to multilateral climate change negotiations, we do so from an aggregated point of view by structuring the research around four technology clusters household consumer goods, industry retrofits, new industry investments, and large infrastructure projects. The study found a disconnect between what developing country governments perceive as the key enablers of and barriers to technology transfer and what bilateral and multilateral technology transfer programs can offer. Given that the conclusions of non-OECD country-driven processes inform the analysis of this paper, the study analysis is focused on non-OECD country perspectives, albeit from the developed world’s perspective.", + "Key Findings": "Despite decades of international political emphasis, little is known about the in-country determinants of technology transfer for climate change mitigation. We draw upon the conclusions of a series of standardized, official governmental statements of technology priorities, coupled with questionnaire-based data collection, to shed light on the nature of those determinants. We find that there is a disconnect between what developing country governments perceive as the key enablers of, and barriers to, technology transfer, and what bilateral and multilateral technology transfer programes can offer, given budgetary constraints and the logic of development aid spending. We show that the well established notion of making climate change mitigation actions an integral part of sound development plans is especially relevant for technology transfer. We offer pointers as to how this might be done in practice, in the context of the ‘technology action plans’ developed as part of the United Nations-sponsored technology needs assessment process.", + "Key Recommendations": "We offer pointers as to how this might be done in practice, in the context of the ‘technology action plans’ developed as part of the United Nations-sponsored technology needs assessment process.", + "Internet URL of Document": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10784-018-9405-1", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Energy", + "Technology", + "Engineering & Construction", + "Processing & Manufacturing" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "International Environmental Agreements" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Environment/Climate Change" + ], + "Type of Document": "Peer-reviewed article or other research report", + "USAID Region": [ + "Global", + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2018" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Amal Nasser" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Yemen" + ], + "Document ID": "1808-Nasse-YEM", + "Document Title": "Beyond the Business as Usual Approach: Private Sector Engagement in Post-Conflict Yemen", + "Document Summary": "Even before the current conflict, private sector development in Yemen faced many severe and interrelated challenges. These included bureaucratic obstructions, weak infrastructure, a largely unskilled workforce, a poor investment climate and lack of financing, an economy overly dependent on oil, corruption, a weak state, and a rent-seeking elite class with vested interests in stifling reforms. Now, after almost four years of civil war and regional military intervention, Yemen’s economy has been devastated and the formal private sector with it. And yet many formal and informal businesses continue to operate; indeed, the private sector’s resilience is a major reason that the country’s humanitarian crisis – the largest in the world – is not\nprecipitously worse.\n\nIn the event of an end to the conflict, rapid investment and development of the private sector will be necessary to create jobs, rebuild infrastructure, shift the flows of finance away from the war economy and back to formal markets, and to help bring overall socioeconomic stability that will contribute to a durable and long-lasting peace. Preparations for such must thus begin with urgency in order to be ready to seize the window of opportunity that will open immediately after the guns go silent.\n\nWith this in mind, this paper examines other post-conflict developing nations for lessons that can be applied to the Yemeni context. It assesses the factors weighing on private sector development in Yemen over time, including challenges to the business environment and attempted reforms programs. The paper then lays out the impacts of the 2011 uprising in Yemen, the ensuing political crisis and the current conflict on the economy and the private sector. Following this, recommendations are offered to both the Yemeni government and international stakeholders regarding steps that can be taken to revive and develop the private sector post conflict. ", + "Key Findings": "Even before the current conflict, private sector development in\nYemen faced many severe and interrelated challenges. These included bureaucratic obstructions, weak infrastructure, a largely unskilled workforce, a poor investment climate and lack of financing, an economy overly dependent on oil, corruption, a weak state, and a rent-seeking elite class with vested interests in stifling reforms. Now, after almost four years of civil war and regional military intervention, Yemen’s economy has been devastated and the formal private sector with it. And yet many formal and informal businesses continue to operate; indeed, the private sector’s resilience is a major reason that the country’s humanitarian crisis – the largest in the world – is not precipitously worse.\n\nIn the event of an end to the conflict, rapid investment and development of the private sector will be necessary to create jobs, rebuild infrastructure, shift the flows of finance away from the war economy and back to formal markets, and to help bring overall socioeconomic stability that will contribute to a durable and long-lasting peace. Preparations for such must thus begin with urgency in order to be ready to seize the window of opportunity that will open immediately after the guns go silent.\n\nWith this in mind, this paper examines other post-conflict developing nations for lessons that can be applied to the Yemeni context. It assesses the factors weighing on private sector development in Yemen over time, including challenges to the business environment and attempted reforms programs. The paper then lays out the impacts of the 2011 uprising in Yemen, the ensuing political crisis and the current conflict on the economy and the private sector. Following this, recommendations are offered to both the Yemeni government and international stakeholders regarding steps that can be taken to revive and develop the private sector post conflict. ", + "Key Recommendations": "1. Interventions must be conflict-sensitive.\n2. Build local business capacities to implement programs and create jobs.\n3. The agriculture sector should be the target of any early intervention.\n4. Target SMEs and entrepreneurs.\n5. Ensure private sector access to finance.\n6. Yemen’s experienced microfinance institutions should be a key target of all stakeholders for driving more financial inclusion across Yemen.\n7. Reform the business environment.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://carpo-bonn.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/Rethinking_Yemens_Economy_white_paper_3.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, and Hunting", + "Business Services", + "Energy", + "Financial Services", + "Transportation and Warehousing", + "Telecommunications", + "Hospitality/Tourism", + "Processing & Manufacturing" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments", + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;", + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Sana's Center for Strategic Studies" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth", + "Conflict" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Agriculture and Food Security", + "Democracy, Human Rights, & Governance", + "Economic Growth", + "Humanitarian Assistance", + "Peace & Security" + ], + "Type of Document": "White Paper/Think Tank Report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Micro, Small, or Medium Enterprise", + "Local Business", + "Formal Sector", + "Informal Sector" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Middle East" + ], + "Year": "2018" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Sean R. Roberts", + "Bakur Kvashilava", + "Khatuna Ioseliani" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Georgia" + ], + "Document ID": "1808-Rober-GEO", + "Document Title": "Final Performance Evaluation for the strengthening Electoral and Political Processes Project (SEPPS) in Georgia", + "Document Summary": "This evaluation report of USAID/Georgia funded five-year project entitled Strengthening Elections and Political Processes (SEPPs) explores the performance of this effort based on the progress that had been accomplished towards its objectives and ultimate goal. The overarching goal of the project – \"Georgia's deepened and institutionalized democratic electoral and political processes were pursued through three objectives: strengthening of political parties, improvement of government capacity to administer and oversee free and fair electoral operations, and enhancement of civic engagement and national consensus around electoral and political processes. The evaluation addressed five primary questions specified by USAID: Did the performance of the project's six activities meet expectations and achieve expected results? Were there gaps in achieving the three objectives? Did the activities meet the expectations of their direct beneficiaries? Were the project's goals feasible given the ability of USAID to influence? Did the project offer lessons learn from utilizing local partners?\n\nTo answer these questions, the evaluation team adopted a multi-faceted and mixed-method approach to its evaluation. This approach included extensive documentary research, interviews with the implementing partners, and three primary evidence-based research methods with stakeholders: semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions, and a mini-survey. While these three data collection methods were focused on answering the five evaluation questions provided to the team by USAID/Georgia, as with any data collection methods used to measure the results of political and democratic development, they have their expected limitations. However, the evaluation team sought to mitigate these limitations as much as possible through the selection of a broad spectrum of informants and the disaggregation of data collected.", + "Key Findings": "In general, the evaluation team found that the SEPPs project was diligently implemented according to each activity’s program description. It also found that each partner organization was seriously, sincerely, and professionally engaged in its work to meet the project’s objectives. Furthermore, the project’s objectives and sub-objectives are generally on target to be met as is demonstrated by the progress on meeting the project’s many performance indicators.", + "Key Recommendations": "1) Conduct an Applied Political Economy Analysis (PEA) to revisit the project’s development hypothesis and theory of change when contemplating future work in this sector \n2) Focus more on citizen involvement in politics in future work related to democratic political process strengthening\n3) Improve M&E systems through more partner coordination and mentoring local partners in projects like SEPPs, which employ multiple international and local partners to undertake different activities under the umbrella of a single project\n4) Develop sustainability plans for activities where possible if a follow-on to SEPPs is considered\n5) Seek innovative ways to incentivize political party development in future work with parties", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00T9HS.pdf", + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Democracy, Human Rights, & Governance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Asia" + ], + "Year": "2018" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Cardno Emerging Markets" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Uganda" + ], + "Document ID": "1809-Cardn-UGA", + "Document Title": "USAID/Uganda Private Health Support Program Final Report", + "Document Summary": "This report is a final report of the USAID/Uganda-funded Private Health Support Program (the PHS Program). The PHS Program’s ultimate goal was to improve the credibility and cohesiveness of the private sector and expand the capacity of private sector providers. To achieve this, the program was structured around three main intermediate results: 1) Expanded availability of health services by private providers; 2) Increased affordability of private health services and products; and 3) Improved quality of private health sector facilities and services. The PHS Program used a multi-level model which focused on proving technical expertise, enhancing quality standards, improving access to capital, supporting accreditation, and establishing leadership in the private health sector, including with PFP and PNFP providers.\n\nAs part of the expanded PNFP support, the PHS Program was directed to integrate its private sector interventions into the faith-based sector, strengthen regulatory systems, improve reporting and financing, and build public-private partnerships. The aim was to enhance faith-based sector health systems to expand the availability of and access to quality and sustainable essential health services and HIV/AIDS services. These interventions included adopting self-regulatory quality improvement standards, A2F initiatives like the DCA, and supporting private sector umbrella institutions. Concerning health systems strengthening (HSS), the Program engaged in a private sector systems support model that transcends all six HSS building blocks. The PHS Program employed a client-centered approach in the private health sector that supported the provision of Targeted HTC aimed at identifying HIV-positive clients by targeting key and priority populations; TB-related HIV services; VMMC for HIV prevention services; Malaria control; FP/RH services; MNCH services; and Prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) services. The program leveraged the private sector’s strengths while at the same time addressing longstanding concerns about the capacity, quality, and interests of the private sector. More specifically, the PHS Program helped Uganda’s private health sector to build the ability to meet the needs of large population groups, including those living in rural areas. Furthermore, the program pursued opportunities to leverage the resources of other USAID and USG implementing partners to provide a comprehensive health package to its clinics. The program sought to tap into PACE’s marketing expertise to create demand for these services at partner sites. The program also introduced the USAID/Sida-supported DCA program to PACE’s 200 Profam clinics.\n", + "Key Findings": "1. It is feasible to deliver free or subsidized health services in the private sector at affordable quality.\n\n2. The national PPPH policy provided a framework for building partnerships.\n\n3. Strong support from USAID/Uganda was critical for Program success.\n\n4. There is a need to be able to continuously adjust and respond to changes and emerging issues.\n\n5. Institutionalization of cross-learning needs to expand and become a major approach.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00THGM.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Health Care" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge", + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Youth", + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Health" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Local Business", + "Regional Business" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2018" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Deloitte" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Jamaica", + "Barbados", + "Dominica", + "Grenada", + "Saint Lucia", + "Saint Vincent and the Grenadines" + ], + "Document ID": "1809-Deloi-MLT", + "Document Title": "Caribbean Clean Energy Program Final Performance Report", + "Document Summary": "This document is a final performance report of the Caribbean Clean Energy Program (CARCEP). This report provides the details of activities and achievements in Jamaica and the Eastern Caribbean Region clustering them into six different tasks: 1) Improve Enabling Environment for Clean Energy Development, 2) Optimizing Variable Renewable Energy Integration, 3) Accelerating Private Sector Clean Energy Investment, 4) Energy Efficiency Benchmarking in the Hotel and Tourism Sector, 5) Coordination and Promotion of USAID and USG Inter-Agency Activities in the Energy Sector and Sharing Lessons Learned with other Island Nations, and 6) Coordination with CARICOM. The report has covered a section on cross-cutting activities, including the project’s Innovation Fund, a list of communications, training, events, and performance monitoring and evaluation.\n\nCARCEP’s work began in FY 2016 by laying the groundwork for subsequent activities in Jamaica and the Eastern Caribbean through extensive scoping trips and engagement with key public and private sector stakeholders in the electricity sector. CARCEP prepared an initial scoping report to USAID recommending the CARCEP countries to be included and the work needed in each. The Task 1 team then developed summary analyses of the gaps, challenges, and opportunities in the legal and regulatory framework for clean energy development. It began engagement with key electricity sector stakeholders in the public and private sectors to identify their priorities for technical assistance. CARCEP concluded that there were two key impediments to RE/EE projects in its focus countries nations. First, lack of regulatory certainty had impeded the development of RE/EE projects by utilities, businesses, and individuals, as well as private sector project financing. Second, the lack of technical capacity within each of the key stakeholder institutions and their staff had delayed the refinement of a stable framework of policies, laws, and rules essential for an enabling regulatory environment to support RE/EE projects. CARCEP laid the groundwork during Year 2 to overcome these obstacles, developing detailed work plans in collaboration with CARCEP country partners to enable revisions to be legislative and regulatory frameworks needed to support CE development. They also provided public and private sector stakeholders with the technical skills necessary to implement the framework and accelerate RE and EE initiatives.", + "Key Findings": "Working with each CARCEP country, developed a Work Plan tailored to address needed upgrades in legal framework and in technical capacity of public and private sectors to move forward with clean energy development.\n\nAssisted the creation of the Caribbean Smart Grid Working Group, which in turn supported the creation of Local Smart Grid Working Group initiatives.\n\nDeveloped a pipeline of 50 MW of RE projects and USD 10 million in CE retrofits.\n\nCompleted gap analysis of local institutions’ EE benchmarking capabilities.\n\nEngaged USAID Missions in the region and with all major U.S. Government donors and stakeholders seeking to support renewable energy and energy efficiency in the Caribbean region.\n\nCoordinated with CARICOM and GIZ on electric vehicle issues.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00STTR.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Energy" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships", + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Environment/Climate Change" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Latin America and the Carribean" + ], + "Year": "2018" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Sarah Dominis", + "Emma Golub" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "1809-Domin-GLO", + "Document Title": "Leveraging the Private Health Sector to Expand the HIV/AIDS Workforce", + "Document Summary": "Funded by PEPFAR through USAID, the Sustaining Health Outcomes through the Private Sector (SHOPS) Plus project conducted qualitative interviews with representatives from 17 private healthcare organizations in two PEPFAR countries—one in sub-Saharan Africa and one in Southeast Asia. This study examined 1. Are there specific points along the HIV clinical cascade for which private providers might be better leveraged? 2. What conditions are needed for the private sector to invest in staff to support the scale-up of HIV-related service delivery? 3. How can community-based HRH be better integrated with and financed by private organizations to sustain their operations? 4. What is the role of the public sector in strengthening the ability of the private sector to finance growth and improvements in private sector HRH to support a strengthened HIV response? Findings from this investigation intended to inform donor and government strategies to leverage the private sector to employ HRH to support national HIV responses. The assessment selected South Africa and India for the study from a pool of eight countries in Asia and sub-Saharan Africa due to their large, diverse, and innovative private sectors. The research team selected a range of private sector organizations in each country to participate in the study, including hospitals, health centers, pharmacies, laboratories, and community-based programs. A total of 17 organizations, nine from India and eight from South Africa, participated in the study.\n\nIn each country, SHOPS Plus used large-scale operations and successfully scaled in size, achieved sustainability and financial viability, demonstrated the ability to attract and retain staff, and led a community-based component to select private health service delivery organizations for inclusion in the study. SHOPS Plus also ensured that the final sample included a mix of urban and rural facilities followed by hospitals, health centers, pharmacies, laboratories, and chains. Private sector providers that met the above criteria were approached with a description of the study and a request to participate. Those that agreed to participate were interviewed by SHOPS Plus researchers using a standardized key informant interview protocol. The researchers analyzed data by country and across countries for common themes.", + "Key Findings": "The study found that private providers are already active along the entire HIV clinical cascade to varying degrees.\n\nThe study found that the private sector in South Africa and India makes decisions about investing in the expansion of service offerings based primarily on perceived demand for those services and the ability to meet that demand at a cost that is affordable to\nthe purchaser—either the client directly or through a public or private financing program.\n\nPrivate service delivery organizations in South Africa and India have already integrated low- to mid-level health worker cadres, such as CHWs, into their business models, mainly as their primary outreach\nstaf.", + "Key Recommendations": "1. Recognize a role for the private sector in HIV service delivery—the private sector won’t introduce services unless it sees a\nmarket opportunity, such as high demand or low barriers to entry.\n\n2. Leverage the private sector’s diversity to provide differentiated care across the HIV clinical cascade to clients of all income tiers.\n\n3. Determine how to pay the private sector.\n\n4. Support regulation that allows the private sector to innovate in service delivery.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.shopsplusproject.org/sites/default/files/resources/Leveraging%20the%20Private%20Health%20Sector%20to%20Expand%20the%20HIV%20AIDS%20Workforce_0.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Health Care" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge", + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;", + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID", + "SHOPS Plus" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Health" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Local Business", + "Regional Business" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2018" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "ECODIT", + "Social Impact" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "India" + ], + "Document ID": "1809-ECODI-IND", + "Document Title": "Evaluation Report: India Financial Institutions Reform and Expansion-Debt and Infrastructure Ex-Post Evaluation", + "Document Summary": "This report details findings from an ex-post evaluation of the WASH Ex-Post Evaluation Series of Water Communications and Knowledge Management (CKM) Project that examines the long-term outcomes of USAID’s Financial Institutions Reform and Expansion–Debt and Infrastructure (FIRED) activity in India seven years after its close. It identifies the long-term value of various governance and financial reforms and efforts to expand market-based WatSan financing. These findings inform USAID activity design improvements in India and other urban water, sanitation, and hygiene contexts.\n\nThis evaluation addressed five evaluation questions and four sub-questions, which are displayed with corresponding results under Key Findings in the report. For this ex-post evaluation, a six-person evaluation team (ET) conducted 49 key informant interviews and a review of government documents to collect quantitative data on WatSan access and financial stability. The team purposively selected six states and six cities where FIRE-D conducted various activities using selection criteria developed collaboratively with USAID. The sample—which includes Uttar Pradesh State and Lucknow City, Rajasthan State, Karnataka State and Bangalore City, Odisha State, Bhubaneswar City, Maharashtra State, Pune, and Sangli cities, Tamil Nadu State and Tiruppur City—represents a wide variety of contexts, FIRE-D interventions, and perceived levels of present-day success. In Delhi and across evaluation sites, ET members interviewed stakeholder groups representing the national, state, and municipal government; utilities; nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) that advocate for the poor and slum dwellers; donors; former FIRE-D implementers; and USAID. The ET coded the qualitative data using MAXQDA software and applied thematic analysis to deductively examine themes across the city, state, and national level data. The ET triangulated data across sources to ensure the reliability of the findings. Several limitations influenced the results. These include incomplete and inconsistent WatSan access and budget data, recall bias, limited depth of discussions with vital high-level informants, and challenges with attribution.", + "Key Findings": "FIRE-D's interventions were not sufficient to capacitate governments to complete planning and implementation of WatSan development on their own.\n\nAt present, the ostensible financial health of visited cities varied from very strong (e.g., Pune, which had a revenue surplus of approximately INR 20 billion in 2017-18 and an AA+ credit rating) to weak (e.g., Lucknow, which is reportedly unable to cover WatSan sector operations and maintenance costs and suffers from general funding shortfalls).\n\nAcross all sites and stakeholder types, respondents noted that plentiful government grant funding for WatSan development has in many ways suppressed the incentive to seek commercial viability and market-based financing that FIRE-D promoted.\n\nGoI funding programs have been major drivers in expanding access to WatSan over the past seven years, along with selected donor capital investment projects.", + "Key Recommendations": "1. Establish government partnerships to drive policy level and broader ecosystem changes in WatSan.\n\n2. Seek sustainable strategies for building capacity at the ULB level.\n\n3. Coordinate and integrate with other development partners on programming for longer term outcomes.\n\n4. Promote and support mapping efforts for slums and municipal assets.\n\n5. Encourage and support e-governance initiatives that improve cost recovery and service delivery.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00TD2Z.pdf", + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Health" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Asia" + ], + "Year": "2018" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Ghana" + ], + "Document ID": "1809-EDC-GHA", + "Document Title": "USAID Partnership for Education: Innovating Final Report", + "Document Summary": "This document is a final report for USAID Partnership for Education: Innovating (USAID Innovating) activities. This report covers activities from July 22, 2016, to September 30, 2018. In Year One, many significant accomplishments were achieved in promoting community engagement for literacy efforts per the USAID Innovating model, encouraging parents to take a more active role in teaching their children. The USAID Innovating model, as co-developed between USAID and EDC, focused on critical interventions that combined targeted social behavior change messaging and direct community outreach literacy activities to increase family participation in education. To this end, a sequence of foundational activities was achieved in the first year. These critical activities were to lay the groundwork for the future implementation of USAID Innovating as an SBCC education initiative that borrowed from the successes of SBCC for health initiatives.\n\nIn Year One, focus group discussions were conducted across Northern, Ashanti, and Greater Accra regions, gathering critical information about Ghanaians' attitudes, behaviors, and practices towards literacy and parental and community involvement in literacy. These focus groups were the precursor to the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) study, informing the development of the KAP survey instrument. The KAP Survey was conducted, capturing information on parent/caregiver knowledge, attitudes, self-efficacy, and behaviors around home literacy and supporting their children in literacy activities outside school. The USAID Innovating Broadcast Approach began in Year One by developing a strategy to divide our media production into phases, focusing on message themes and timing. Another critical endeavor undertaken in Year One was designing and developing the USAID Innovating SBCC Strategy. The first cohort of National Service Volunteers (NSVs) was also recruited and trained in Year One. After the modification of scope in Year Two, USAID devoted its energies to successfully implementing the community outreach component, which created a high demand from communities for this type of intervention. ", + "Key Findings": "Many respondents admitted that most parents/caregivers did not know that they had a role to play in supporting their children to read beyond provision of school fees, uniforms and writing materials.\n\nWhen parents were asked their about their involvement in USAID Innovating activities, over 80% of the total respondents acknowledged attending one or more community activities implemented by USAID Innovating NSVs or technical staff.\n\nAcross all FGDs, parents and caregivers expressed dissatisfaction about the short duration of NSV intervention in the community.\n\nMore than 80% of participants acknowledged hearing and listening pre-messages aired on radio or community information centers.", + "Key Recommendations": "• Communities should leverage other after school programs for children conducted by other NGOs, but advocate to have them expand to cover literacy and home reading efforts.\n\n• Communities should empower the community Literacy Champions who supported NSVs activities voluntarily.\n\n• USAID, the National Service Secretariat and Ministry of Education should actively seek ways to continue this model in future program designs for USAID efforts as well as NSS/GES direct interventions.\n\n• Parents should continue to visit schools and reading clubs in the communities and keep children actively engaged in reading at home;", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00TG32.pdf", + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Education and Social Services" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2018" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Toyasaki Fuminori", + "Ioanna Falagara Sigala" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "1809-Falag-GLO", + "Document Title": "Prospects and Bottlenecks of Reciprocal Parternships Between the Private and Humanitarian Sectors in Cash Transfer Programming for Humanitarian Response ", + "Document Summary": "As an alternative to commodity-based programming (in-kind aid), Cash Transfer Programming is attracting both humanitarian organizations’ and institutional donors’ attention. Unlike in-kind aid, Cash Transfer Programming transfers purchasing power directly to beneficiaries in the form of currency or vouchers for them to obtain goods and/or services directly from the local market. In distributing currency to beneficiaries, the private sector, especially financial service providers, plays a prominent role, due to the humanitarian sector’s limited relevant resources. The present work unveils challenges for the private and humanitarian sectors, which hinder implementing Cash Transfer Programming. Based on primary and secondary qualitative data, the paper presents the main characteristics and the mechanisms of Cash Transfer Programming to explore how the private sector is involved with Cash Transfer Programming. Then, this study presents bottlenecks of reciprocal relationships between financial service providers and humanitarian organizations in Cash Transfer Programming.", + "Key Findings": "The private sector's participation is essential for a successful implementation of Cash Transfer Programming due to the humanitarian sector's lack of the relevant expertise. The analysis of the results leads to the conclusion that challenges related to collaboration between private and humanitarian sectors stem from the two sectors' perception gaps. Specifically, they are knowledge on finance, governance, structure, market competition, and services offered, as well as humanitarian data protection. ", + "Key Recommendations": "In closing the paper, we highlight three avenues for future research. We find signs of new donation flows from donors through our interviews. Institutional donors are increasingly willing to contract directly FSPs in CTP because they consider that cash would reach beneficiaries more efficiently. This new trend of donation flows would warrant further research on dynamics between the two sectors as actors is humanitarian response. Secondly, considering that CTP relies on donations collected after a disaster, stakeholders need to consider consequences of liquidity problems. Horizontal cooperation can be observed for in-kind aid by the United Nations Humanitarian Response Depot (UNHRD). The applicability evaluation of a horizontal cooperation system to CTP between HOs is worth exploring. Lastly, we recognize that the hawala system transfers money without a legal contract between the entry and the exit points. What kind of information systems should be designed for the informal cash flow from the perspective of vendors and HOs is a promising future research area.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://ideas.repec.org/h/spr/spochp/978-3-319-97442-2_3.html", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Financial Services", + "Retail" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Springer Nature Switzerland AG", + "Dymanics of Disasters" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Humanitarian Assistance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Peer-reviewed article or other research report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Local Business", + "Financial Institution, Investors, and Intermediaries" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2018" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "GHSC-PSM" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Uganda" + ], + "Document ID": "1809-GHSC-UGA", + "Document Title": "Uganda National Supply Chain Assessment: Capability and Performance", + "Document Summary": "This document is an assessment report of the USAID Global Health Supply Chain Program-Procurement and Supply Management (GHSC-PSM) project. Under MOH leadership, USAID, The Global Fund, GHSC-PSM, and Uganda Health Supply Chain (UHSC) provided support for the requisite fieldwork for the National Supply Chain Assessment (NSCA) in Uganda from May 7 to May 30, 2018. The assessment report provides results that identify strengths, potential bottlenecks, and opportunities within Uganda's public health supply chain (PHSC). Based on the findings, the GOU, in collaboration with key supply chain stakeholders, can prioritize areas for root-cause analysis and develop strategic and operational plans to strengthen the PHSC in Uganda. To this end, the assessment examines the capability and performance of Uganda's PHSC. The National Supply Chain Assessment (NSCA 2.0) includes three distinct elements: the supply chain mapping exercise provides a visual representation of the country's supply chain; the capability maturity model (CMM) measures the overall capability, resources, processes, and functionality of the country supply chain; and the key performance indicators (KPIs) are used to measure supply chain performance. The primary objectives of this assessment were to i) Measure PHSC performance and capability, ii) Analyze PHSC's overall operational capacity and performance, identify bottlenecks and opportunities for improvement, and iii) Identify focus areas of opportunity for MOH planning and stakeholder coordination to inform the development of the transformational plan(s) to guide future system strengthening investments.\n\nThe report focuses only on the Uganda health sector supply chain directly financed through GOU or public sector funding. In other words, the NSCA concentrates on the public sector — NMS and sites supplied by NMS — and the 534 PNFP sites supplied by JMS through the EMHS credit line. At the PNFP sites, the USAID-procured commodities were also included in the assessment. The discussion is focused on providing interpretations of the results and translating them into recommendations for future supply chain interventions. The Summary of Findings and Conclusions sections highlight key takeaways and suggestions for future areas for analysis.\n\nThe sample frame consisted of this assessment-owned facility across the country supplied by NMS and PNFP facilities receiving public funding through the Primary Health Care fund and supplied by JMS, including HIV commodities. While individual scores are meaningful, comparing two facility types for any CMM score or KPI is more challenging. Without calculated errors, any differences less than 20 percent (assuming the maximum possible error of ±10 percent) cannot be stated with complete confidence. Therefore, to err on the side of caution, this report will not attempt to interpret differences between facility types within a CMM module unless the computed difference is more significant than 20 percent.", + "Key Findings": "Stockouts and poor stock management have been documented throughout the system; more than 90 percent of SDPs have experienced a stockout of tracer products in the last six months and no entity, not even central-level entities, has been SATP more than 60 percent of the time in the same period.\n\nFor LMIS, record accuracy is poor across the board with no lower-level facility type having 100 percent stockcard accuracy at more than 65 percent of facilities and 100 percent eLMIS record accuracy at more than 33 percent of facilities.\n\nOverall, CMM scores at central-level entities were much higher than at lower-level facilities.\n\nWaste management does not have a national strategy, and guidelines are not consistent and ubiquitous throughout the system.", + "Key Recommendations": "• Develop strategic plans for RRHs with assistance from the MOH. Align any plans developed with the MOH’s overall strategic vision and direction. Further root-cause analysis at the RRHs can help identify possible reasons for the low scores.\n• Provide further technical assistance to the RRHs so that strategic plans can map out improvement plans for poor performance in other functional areas, such as stock management and LMIS record keeping.\n• Ensure JMS has a multiyear operational plan that ties in its partnerships and strategic goals so that the operations contribute to those strategic goals.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://health.go.ug/sites/default/files/Uganda_NSCA_Report_FINAL.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Pharmaceuticals", + "Health Care" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Health" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Local Business", + "Regional Business", + "For-profit approach that generates sustainable income" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2018" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Sam Clark", + "M.E. Khan", + "Linda Sussman", + "Alanna White" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Benin", + "Uganda" + ], + "Document ID": "1810-Clark-MLT", + "Document Title": "Performance (Endline) Evaluation of the Advancing Partners and Communities Project", + "Document Summary": "This document is an online evaluation report of the Advancing Partners & Communities (APC) Project, a five-year USAID cooperative agreement with the John Snow, Inc. Research & Training Institute in collaboration with FHI 360. This evaluation assessed how APC has achieved its objectives and identified community-based family planning (CBFP) activities that might warrant future investment. The evaluation questions examined APC’s global leadership and advocacy for CBFP, its sub-grant program, and its efforts to strengthen the capacity of private voluntary organizations/nongovernmental organizations to implement effective programs. USAID will use the evaluation to inform future programming.\n\nThe evaluation used a mixed-methods consisting of quantitative and qualitative approaches. An interdisciplinary team with diverse expertise and extensive experience conducted the assessment, which combined a desk review of pertinent project documents. Field visits to Benin and Uganda were included due to these countries’ importance in APC’s FP activities. The team visited locations where APC was in progress or where activities had been completed. In addition to the KIIs, they conducted four group discussions with community health workers (CHWs), one with midwives and two with predominantly male Emanzi groups, which encourage constructive roles for men in sexual reproductive health to get their perspectives. Well-established frameworks pertinent to FP were adapted for the data collection, analysis, and evaluation writing (Bruce 1990; Rivero-Fuentes, Estela, et al. 2008; Pelto et al. 2014). Each data collection method was carried out and analyzed separately over the same period. \n\nThe evaluation team acknowledges limitations to the evaluation design. First, most informants/participants for KIIs and informal group discussions were selected purposively. However, a conscious attempt was made to include all types/groups of informants to capture variations in perceptions and responses. This was maintained in selecting informants in the United States, Benin, and Uganda. Second, the team visited only two of the 38 countries APC covers, as identified in the scope of work.", + "Key Findings": "The evaluation shows that APC worked hard to provide global and country leadership to increase CBFP.\n\nMission and grantee surveys and personal discussions with NGOs during field visits showed that the grant process was effective in developing key USAID skills and acquiring follow-up funding.\n\nAPC succeeded in supporting effective FP projects in Benin, Uganda, and other countries.", + "Key Recommendations": "APC management and grantees need to improve M&E of sub-grants and related activities. The evaluation team did not see any systematic measures that could help in accreditation of NGOs as “graduated” to implement a high-quality program independently.\n\nAPC and USAID should continue the sub-grant process for FP programs, with an emphasis on developing compatibility with USAID grant requirements while maintaining low overhead rates.\n\nAPC or USAID should continue current sub-grants for FP projects to develop and improve program performance.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.researchgate.net/publication/328744447_PERFORMANCE_ENDLINE_EVALUATION_OF_THE_ADVANCING_PARTNERS_AND_COMMUNITIES_PROJECT", + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Health" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2018" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Feed the Future" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Burundi", + "Ethiopia", + "Kenya", + "Rwanda", + "Somalia", + "South Sudan", + "Tanzania", + "Uganda" + ], + "Document ID": "1810-Feed-MLT", + "Document Title": "USAID/KEA OEGI Value Chains and Policy Mapping Assessment", + "Document Summary": "This document is a rapid activity assessment report on USAID regional and country/bilateral missions’ specific value chains and policy priorities in East Africa. The assessment was carried out to i) Identify food security and trade issues and identify how they interface at USAID regional and bilateral levels, identify common value chains and policies, and map out the common and priority value chains, policies, and programs (interventions), ii) Identify collaboration opportunities, including gaps and mechanisms to strengthen collaboration between USAID/KEA, bilateral missions, and RIGOs, and iii) Review Country Engagement Plans (CEPs)—identify priorities, activities, resources, timelines, and opportunities for collaboration.\n\nMethodologically the assessment included: i) a desk review of key regional USAID and FTF food strategy documents, as well as additional external documents; ii) case studies on both value chains and regional trade/policy issues; and iii) key informant interviews with 16 missions/RIGOs/institutions. This assessment has certain limitations. The scope entailed many actors and enabled an assessment only at a macro-level, but numerous micro-level questions or gaps arose in the process. This report highlights where this occurred and suggests where additional research could address important micro-level issues, gaps, and challenges. Considering that the focus of this study was mapping value chains, policy, and stakeholders within the region, the study needs to provide an in-depth analysis of the issues.", + "Key Findings": "The report highlights the region’s background with a variety of pertinent issues to set the scene for the subsequent findings. These include:\n1. Food security regarding vulnerability to climate, challenges in production, barriers to trade, and a lack of quantifiable data in the formal realm.\n2. Regional integration for agriculture, whereby intergovernmental organizations and laws exist, but are not institutionalized or fully domesticated.\n3. Barriers to trade in agriculture that still exist despite efforts to liberalize regional trade.\n4. Political economy aspects, including the role of informal institutions and trade.", + "Key Recommendations": " Heightened focus on value chains that present tangible opportunities (e.g. poultry, which is sustainable for women and small/marginalized farmers, and maize, which is a regional staple food)\n Invest in market and policy support activities\n Create a policy activity matrix to inform the FTF agenda and track regional policy implementation\n Develop concrete strategies and roles for engagement (from better understanding of formal and informal barriers to financial access)", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00TQH9.pdf", + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships", + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Agriculture and Food Security", + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2018" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Stephanie Fenner", + "Nora Nelson", + "Vanessa Retana", + "Heather Huntington" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Mexico", + "Honduras", + "Brazil", + "Peru", + "Colombia" + ], + "Document ID": "1810-Fenne-MLT", + "Document Title": "Performance Evaluation of the AIME Activity ", + "Document Summary": "This report presents the findings of the Final Performance Evaluation (PE) of the Accelerating Inclusion and Mitigating Emissions (AIME) activity funded by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) Bureau for Latin America and the Caribbean, Office of Regional Sustainable Development (LAC/RSD). The overall purpose of the AIME PE was to document the efficacy of the AIME activity’s approaches and methodology and inform USAID and other stakeholders of additional investment-related opportunities to reduce emissions and conserve carbon stocks.\n\nTo answer the evaluation questions and assess the performance of the AIME activity, the evaluation team applied four complementary methods across the Mid-term and Final PEs, including a desk review, final field assessment, case studies, and a gender assessment. The Mid-term PE (2016) reviewed AIME performance, assessed how project activities were contributing to the achievement of the AIME objective, and provided recommendations to improve programming in the second half of the project. Findings and recommendations from the Mid-term PE were considered as part of the Final PE analysis to examine progress and achievements throughout the life of AIME.\n\nThe Final PE faced significant limitations concerning resources, thus requiring a narrow and focused approach to primary data collection and the field assessment component of the methodology. The limited budget and timeframe for the field assessment, coupled with the geographic scope of the AIME activity (interventions focused on seven key jurisdictions across five countries), meant the evaluation team could only collect primary data from two jurisdictions of project focus during the final field assessment. In these areas, the evaluation could only conduct a limited number of FGDs and KIIs with a small sample of AIME stakeholders. As such, findings from the field assessments are based solely on qualitative data and cannot be generalized across the entire AIME activity.", + "Key Findings": "The evaluation team finds mixed results across outcomes related to capacity and engagement in territorial governance, buen vivir, and activities related to conservation and emissions reduction.\n\nThe evaluation team finds little evidence that the AIME-supported Indigenous Territorial Governance Training Program, Community Content Promoters Training Program, or Cultural Mediators Program motivated increased levels of engagement in activities related to territorial governance, conservation, or the reduction of emissions within the life of the project.\n\nWe find no evidence of inequitable benefits with respect to men and women or unintended consequences of community-level activities with respect to vulnerable subgroups of populations.", + "Key Recommendations": "USAID education and training programs should\ncenter around scalable core curriculums that are inclusive of indigenous knowledge and—to the extent possible --institutionalized within educational organizations and policies.\n\nUSAID support for tools and policies related to territorial governance should be combined with community-level efforts to implement conservation activities in order to ensure the successful and effective achievement of the outcomes these tools and policies are intended to promote.\n\nUSAID approaches intended to increase the participation of marginalized, forest-based communities in activities and\nnegotiations related to climate change mitigation and REDD+ should emphasize support for strengthened land rights—both legally and in practice—among targeted communities.\n\nUSAID should continue to support state-level policies related to territorial management and conservation that incorporate and reflect indigenous knowledge and management practices and address misunderstandings between state and indigenous institutions regarding access to and management of natural resources.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00TF2G.pdf", + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Reputation and Credible Convening Power" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth", + "Conflict" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Environment/Climate Change" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Latin America and the Carribean" + ], + "Year": "2018" + }, + { + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "1810-IPE-MLT.pkl", + "Document Title": "Evaluation of Sida’s Global Challenge Funds Lessons From a Decade Long Journey", + "Document Summary": "This document evaluates how Challenge Funds are used in private sector development. “Sida has defined a Challenge Fund (CF) as a: “financing mechanism to allocate (donor) funds for specific purposes, using competition among organizations as the lead principle.” Throughout the document 10 Challenge funds are evaluated. The methods for evaluation include: desk review, key informant interviews, and a survey of FMs and fund Grantees. The evaluation found that a more hands on approach to managing the funds led to more success of how the money was used pertaining to sustainable development. Challenge funds have also been able to reach the untapped areas of development that are difficult markets to enter. The document also provides 10 key recommendations that address how Challenge Funds need to provide greater insight throughout implementation. With greater insight, the management of resources will work to achieve the goals of helping improve poverty impact, gender equality, local ownership, and the environment. \n", + "Key Findings": "The overall conclusion is that for the majority of the 10 programmes reviewed, CFs have been an appropriate instrument for addressing development objectives and the intended outcomes for the majority of the funds have been broadly achieved. Three funds stand out for their achievement of planned outcomes and impact: AECF, Powering Agriculture and SWFF. The preparation and selection of a CF as the\npreferred instrument was not compelling for Demo Environment, MAVC and Sustainability & Resilience. For these funds, the CF was not considered to be the appropriate instrument of support. \nEnterprise Challenge Funds (ECFs) have proven effective in opening up and reducing the risk of untapped or hard-to-reach markets and in discovering hidden innovation across a wide range of sectors and geographies. CFs are most effective when they address well-articulated challenges where the outcomes are narrowly defined (e.g. Powering Agriculture) or where the project outcomes are broader (e.g. GIF). Sida has been lucky in the relative success of the portfolio, given that an explicit consideration of alternative support instruments was not undertaken as part of their appraisal process. In future, at the appraisal stage, Sida could give more detailed consideration to other aid instruments, before selecting a CF. The preconditions for using a CF are assessed under MEQ3. \nThe experience from the 10 CFs is that in general the more intensively managed funds, with a more hands-on approach, had a greater degree of success in ensuring sustainable development outcomes than the lighter touch funds. CFs which enlist wider stakeholder support, are more likely to deliver impact.\n Experience has also shown that engagement by Sida at all stages of the project cycle is of critical importance, but especially in the design of the fund. This needs to be undertaken collaboratively with the other donors in the case of multi-donor funds.\n The evaluation showed inconsistencies in the understanding of the barriers, challenges and opportunities to address the cross-cutting issues of gender equality, environment, climate change and local ownership. The experience has shown that clarity in the definitions of these terms, as well as an understanding of what objectives might be relevant and achievable is essential. \nWhile the responsibility of project implementation remains with the grantee, the task of the FM is becoming increasingly complex and demanding. There is an expectation that the FM should have a skill set which covers cross cutting issues and a range of skills beyond grant management and due diligence.\n The evaluation also found that regional engagement by Sida in an oversight and influencing role improved not only the outcomes of the CFs, but also the process of local engagement with individual CF projects which in turn offered the opportunity to learn and inform Swedish country development strategies.\nThe evaluation concluded that engagement by Sida in the design, management and learning from Global CFs is essential. From an organisational perspective, Sida’s Global CFs are mainly managed from head office, and greater stakeholder engagement would imply greater deployment of technical Sida staff attached to embassies.", + "Key Recommendations": "Ten recommendations are set out and divided into short term (immediate), and medium to longer term (1-2 years and beyond). They are focused on actions that can be taken by Sida during its oversight of the implementation of CFs, and at all stages of the project management cycle. \nThe majority of the funds in Sida’s global portfolio are multi-donor CFs and it is essential that Sida is engaged as an equal partner to influence the design of the fund. At the initial appraisal design phase resources should be assigned to prepare an explicit intervention logic or theory of change with clearly articulated outcome and impact statements, consideration of key assumptions, pre-conditions and pathways to\nimpact at scale.\n While not playing a direct implementation role, Sida needs to provide greater oversight of, and engagement in all stages of implementation, including on cross cutting issues. Sida should maintain the power of veto and a no objection basis on project selection. Sida also needs to be involved in the specification of the eligibility and selection criteria. More generally Sida needs to ensure that FMs implement according to the high expectations set for achieving results for poverty impact, gender equality, local ownership and the environment.\nFinally, Sida is now a major player in the design, funding and oversight of CFs. This level of involvement implies the need to institutionalise knowledge and develop a cadre of expertise around CFs. Specifically, programme managers responsible for individual global CFs should have enough time allocated to work on each fund to ensure that they can give them the necessary attention. Sida-only funds, where Sida works in partnership with the FMs, will necessarily require more input from the Sida programme managers than multi-donor funds, where donor oversight is shared between a number of partners.\nSida should therefore undertake a review of the organisational implications for the management of CFs. This will lead to changes in roles and responsibilities which may have a longer term time horizon for full implementation.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://reliefweb.int/report/world/evaluation-sida-s-global-challenge-funds-lessons-decade-long-journey", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Financial Services" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Sida" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "Impact Evaluation Report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Formal Sector", + "Large Enterprise" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2018" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "NRMC", + "Bhaskar Goswami", + "Malay Das", + "Ankita Singh", + "Prapti Barooah" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Laos" + ], + "Document ID": "1810-NRMC-LAO", + "Document Title": "Lao - PDR McGovern-Dole Food for Education Project", + "Document Summary": "This document is the end-line evaluation of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Mc-Govern Dole Food for Education Grant (MGD) supported School Feeding Program (SFP) in Lao PDR. The objective of the evaluation was to assess the implementation and performance of the FY14 award and generate recommendations that will strengthen and inform the operational and strategic decision-making for the FY17 award rollout. The evaluation serves the dual purpose of accountability and learning. It assesses the performance and results of the implementation and determines the causalities towards achieving or missing the results. The report provides an evidence-based independent assessment of the performance of the operation that would enable WFP and program partners to make informed operational and strategic decisions for the FY17 award.\n\nThe evaluation methodology was guided by the ToR underpinned by the results framework of the FY14 program. The difference in the status of indicators over the program period was examined by comparing the baseline data with that of the end-line through desk review and primary survey. Data from the primary survey was triangulated to assess its reliability. Gender Equality and Empowerment of Women (GEEW) was mainstreamed by disaggregating all school-level data by sex. The sampling of students was done to ensure an equal representation of boys and girls.\n\nTwo significant limitations of this study are a) unavailability of all the data points (including baseline data) for all the indicators and b) the method of assessing attentiveness. A student's attentiveness is a function of different variables, one of which is short-term hunger. Others may include poor teaching methods, lack of interest in the subject matter being taught in class, and incidents at home. The evaluation measures the attentiveness of children based on the opinion of their teachers, which may be biased based on the teacher’s perception of the child.\n", + "Key Findings": "Despite significant improvements in the status of education over the years, primary school dropouts continue to be very high.\n\nThe MGD-SFP FY14 was coherent with the relevant national policies and strategies for improving the education and nutrition sectors.\n\nGiven a high correlation between stunting rates and women’s low levels of education, WFP encouraged girls and mothers to participate in literacy activities.", + "Key Recommendations": "Children should not be leaving school during lunch break\n\nImproving access to water in schools\n\nTraining of a group of cooks in each school", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://docs.wfp.org/api/documents/WFP-0000101261/download/?_ga=2.230779871.1323243748.1581611188-751410380.1581611188", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Food & Beverage" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Yum! Brands" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USDA" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Agriculture and Food Security" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "American Business", + "Multi-national Business", + "For-profit approach that generates sustainable income", + "Formal Sector", + "Large Enterprise" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Asia" + ], + "Year": "2018" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "RTI" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "1810-RTI-GLO", + "Document Title": "Final Report: Energy Sector Technical Leadership (ESTL)", + "Document Summary": "This document is a final report of the Energy Sector Technical Leadership (ESTL) under the USAID Clean Energy Indefinite Delivery/Indefinite Quantity Contract for Non-Critical Priority Countries to design, develop, and deliver a wide range of training materials to assist USAID in building capacity and knowledge in energy development practices and policies. These training materials included webinars about vital energy, gender, and development topics; training videos; interactive multiple-day workshops delivered by energy experts from the government and the private sector; and videos featuring USAID energy projects and their impacts on developing countries. The courses and training sessions were designed for development specialists in USAID Missions and developing countries with introductory, intermediate, and advanced experience levels in energy systems and development. The report highlights that during the project's life, the gender equity component, Engendering Utilities, was launched. In collaboration with RTI in 2017, the component was redesigned into a systematic approach that USAID is now considering using in other men-dominated sectors such as water utilities.", + "Key Recommendations": "Recommendations for ESTL Knowledge:\n•Voice-over PowerPoint (PPT).\n•Repurpose Elements of Live Series.\nRecommendations for Engendering Utilities:\n•Begin with the scorecard.\n•Revisit the timing and sequence of the modules.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00TDFK.pdf", + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Reputation and Credible Convening Power" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Environment/Climate Change", + "Education and Social Services" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2018" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Robert Travers", + "Richard Gaeta", + "Monica Hanna", + "Ahmed Ibrahim", + "Nivine Ramses", + "Soheir El Sherif", + "Nesma Saleh" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Egypt" + ], + "Document ID": "1810-Trave-EGY", + "Document Title": "Sustainable Investment in Tourism in Egypt (SITE) End-of-Term Performance Evaluation", + "Document Summary": "This document is an end-of-term performance evaluation report for the Sustainable Investment in Tourism in Egypt (SITE). This evaluation examines two activities funded by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) under the project. The activities that were evaluated include: a) Cultural Heritage Tourism in Egypt (CHTE) implemented by the American Research Center in Egypt (ARCE); and b) Memphis, Egypt’s Ancient Capital: A Plan for Site and Community Development (MSCD), implemented by Ancient Egypt Research Associates (AERA). The findings of this evaluation will assist USAID in determining the human development and economic impact the interventions have had at the selected sites and feed into future decision-making in this sector. Findings will also help USAID determine if the interventions effectively promote better management of cultural heritage resources and enhance the sites’ artistic tourism potential.\n\nThe methodology agreed with USAID to address the four EQs using a mixed methods approach, which enabled the triangulation of qualitative and quantitative data, thereby strengthening the validity, reliability, and integrity of the observed findings. Data collection involved extensive desk research of IP outputs, independent sources, and an agreed program of key informant interviews (KIIs) in all project locations. A survey of trainees from both projects was undertaken. A significant limitation to the evaluation did, however, arise in that the eight Egyptian team members were not allowed into the field to conduct stakeholder interviews. In addition, the Memphis Egypt’s Ancient Capital: A Plan for Site and Community Development (MSCD) project was completed 11 months ago, which could adversely impact the accuracy of project recall by interviewees.\n", + "Key Findings": "In Sohag, the Red Monastery nave and its adjoining tower have been restored.\n\nThe online trainees’ survey indicated a very high level of satisfaction with the overall training program.\n\nTwo of three group discussions in Luxor expressed satisfaction with the wages paid by the project, and one group did not.\n\nThe Red Monastery intervention provides a flexible space that will continue to be used by the Coptic community and is available for tourists.", + "Key Recommendations": "For similar future projects, a memorandum of agreement between the MOA and prospective implementing partners should be drawn up regarding anticipated methods, protective measures and future\nsite management needs.\n\nThe newly established training department in MOA provides an opportunity for applying training materials developed and utilizing the knowledge and expertise of the field school participants for re-\ntraining other groups of MOA conservators and inspectors.\n\nUSAID should ensure that IPs pay workers at least the national minimum wage.\n\nUSAID and IPs should give greater emphasis to assisting MOA towards better visitor management at heritage sites.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00TKBT.pdf", + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Reputation and Credible Convening Power" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Youth", + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Middle East" + ], + "Year": "2018" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "WDI", + "Y.K. Fatehi", + "B.C. Lavin", + "H. Esper", + "A.K. Nurkic" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "India" + ], + "Document ID": "1810-WDI-GLO", + "Document Title": "Implementing the BalanceD-MERL Approach in the Women + Water Global Development Alliance", + "Document Summary": "The purpose of this document is to provide an insider look at the application of the BalanceD-MERL approach in a program operating in a complex environment. The Women + Water Global Development Alliance is a five-year (2017-2022) collaboration among USAID, Gap, Inc., CARE, Water.org, the Institute for Sustainable Communities, and the International Center for Research on Women. The BalanceD-MERL consortium is testing its hypotheses by delivering technical assistance to USAID programs. To this end, this document describes the 15-month technical service provided to the Women + Water Global Development Alliance (Women + Water) and the resultant learning and recommendations. In this document, the BalanceD-MERL consortium shares their experience of applying the approach and provides key takeaways from the application of the approach. The BalanceDMERL consortium also gives decision-makers, program implementers, and MERL practitioners action–items to undertake to enhance the effectiveness of this approach.\n\nThe BalanceD-MERL consortium’s integration approach relied on facilitated communication among MERL teams, program staff, and partners. The BalanceD-MERL consortium’s initial work focused on working with the partners to build the program’s theory of change, a foundational component of the MERL strategy that informs all the other strategy components. However, these early attempts to construct the theory of change while facilitating integration between the MERL and program teams and incorporating the BalanceD-MERL principles were hindered by the Alliance’s slow progress in finalizing the program design. Continued updates to the program design resulted in backtracking and revisions to the theory of change. In response, there were two occasions over the BalanceDMERL consortium’s 15-month engagement in which the consortium paused its development of the MERL strategy to allow the program design to mature. These intermissions sought to right-size resources and promoted relevant and trustworthy MERL activities that matched the program design.\n\nAs the technical assistance progressed, there were other barriers to integrating MERL with program design. These included a lack of cohesion and communication among partners stemming from the group’s rushed formation; the complexity of USAID’s management structure of Women + Water; and MERL competency issues at Gap, Inc., which provided overall management for the partnership.\n", + "Key Findings": "The BalanceD-MERL consortium found that the technical assistance pilot with Women + Water provided limited evidence to support its hypotheses about the benefits of integrating MERL activities with program design and about application of the four BalanceD-MERL principles. \n\nThe findings are limited because, as of September 2018, the program and MERL implementation activities on Women + Water are in their beginning stages. \n\nHowever, early feedback from the partners about the implementation of the MERL strategy are suggestive that integration is ongoing, and there is evidence of adaptive management.", + "Key Recommendations": "To enable integration of MERL with program design, example action items include (1) requesting program staff to work with the MERL team to co-develop the theory of change as well as the subsequent MERL activities and (2) building in sufficient time for the co-\ndevelopment of MERL activities in the program design phase.\n\nTo leverage the MERL competency of leadership and program\nstaff, example action items include (1) assessing their MERL competency and developing solutions for competency gaps and (2) identifying MERL champions who can advocate for investment in MERL competency and the use of MERL for good program management.\n\nTo give equal important to learning activities, example action items include (1) establishing a learning culture by encouraging program staff to share information transparently and (2) thoughtfully designing learning activities during the program design phase.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://wdi.umich.edu/wp-content/uploads/Implementing-the-BalanceD-MERL-Approach-in-the-Women-Water-Global-Development-Alliance.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Retail" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Gap" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities", + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships", + "Reputation and Credible Convening Power" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Health" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "American Business", + "For-profit approach that generates sustainable income", + "Formal Sector", + "Multi-national Business", + "Large Enterprise" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Asia" + ], + "Year": "2018" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Darcy Ashman", + "Susan Settergren", + "Laurel Bradley", + "Amanda Janczak", + "Jessica Ngo", + "Nicholas Prichard" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "1811-Ashma-GLO", + "Document Title": "Performance Evaluation of the Women's Leadership Portfolio", + "Document Summary": "Commissioned by the United States Agency for International Development’s (USAID’s) Office of Gender Equality and Women’s Empowerment in the Bureau for Economic Growth, Education, and Environment, this report presents the results of a performance evaluation of the Women’s Leadership Portfolio (WLP). The review addresses five main evaluation questions (EQs) from USAID’s SOW. These evaluation questions are: a) How did the WLP contribute toward implementing USAID’s GEFE Policy? b) How did partners support funding, designing, and implementing WLP activities? c)What are the characteristics, strengths, and weaknesses of WLP interventions? d) What results were achieved by the WLP activities? and e) To what extent are the WLP projects and activities sustainable?\n\nThe E3 Analytics and Evaluation Project evaluated two phases. In Phase 1, the team created a database and document library of over 2,000 USAID and implementing partner (IP) documents from 77 WLP activities funded between fiscal year (FY) 2009 and FY2014. These documents included WLP Calls for Concept Notes, internal USAID memos, activity awards, IP quarterly and annual progress reports, monitoring and evaluation plans, evaluations, and other related materials. This report covers Phase 2, which focuses on a sample of 45 WLP activities. The assessment used quantitative and qualitative analysis to review over 1,000 WLP management activity documents and the transcripts of telephone interviews with 43 USAID/Washington (USAID/W) and mission staff, 39 implementing partner staff, and field-based interviews with 46 local partners and 202 beneficiaries. The field interviews covered 9 of the 45 WLP activities in 6 countries (Bangladesh, Colombia, Ethiopia, Kenya, Rwanda, and Ukraine).\n", + "Key Findings": "The WLP activities contributed to substantial GEFE Policy outcomes in women’s leadership and decision-making and in preventing and responding to gender-based violence (GBV).\n\nWLP activities demonstrated good practices in gender program design and implementation.\n\nThe cross-sector collaboration among WLP sub-portfolio managers in USAID/W deepened Agency guidance on gender programming and enhanced development and peace-building results by USAID programs globally.", + "Key Recommendations": "Increase the impact and sustainability of WLP activities by focusing WLD resources in fewer activities with larger budgets and longer implementation periods.\n\nContinue and expand USAID country leadership on gender equality in development.\n\nStrengthen partnerships between USAID, IPs, and women’s and gender practitioners and researchers globally to promote mutual learning and improve sustainability.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://msiworldwide.com/sites/default/files/additional-resources/2018-12/Women%27s%20Leadership%20Portfolio%20Performance%20Evaluation.pdf", + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth", + "Conflict" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Democracy, Human Rights, & Governance", + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Corporate Foundation", + "Local Business" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2018" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "ECI-Africa" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Regional" + ], + "Document ID": "1811-ECI-A-MLT", + "Document Title": "Summary Report: Taking Stock of USAID’s Past and Ongoing Activities under the East Africa Feed the Future Multi-Year Strategy (2011-2015) and Work Completed from 2016 to 2018", + "Document Summary": "The USAID Kenya/East Africa Office of Economic Growth and Integration (USAID/KEA OEGI) is developing the East Africa Regional GFSS Plan, implemented through Feed the Future (FTF), to guide its programs for the next five years. In this connection, USAID/KEA commissioned a review to take stock of the progress of previous and ongoing activities (covering the 2011 - 2018 period) in the region, with a focus on the status of investments, achievements to date, challenges and gaps, and opportunities for investments in the future). The central thematic areas covered were trade and markets, resilience, nutrition, technology development, and deployment. The assessment also reviewed cross-cutting issues which underpin performance and impact – quality and appropriateness of partnerships, inclusivity, regionality content of the portfolio, sustainability, stakeholder capacity strengthening, and resourcing and reporting cycles.\n\nThis was a stock-take and not a comprehensive evaluation or assessment of USAID programs in the region. The stock-take tried to balance depth and breadth to ensure that the final report provides information of adequate specificity - supported by credible analysis and evidence – to inform the intended plan. Data was gathered primarily through desk reviews and stakeholder consultations. The latter was completed through a combination of approaches, including online questionnaire surveys, key informant interviews, focus group discussions with USAID Mission staff and other selected stakeholders, and a validation workshop with stakeholders of all categories. \n\nThe results of the stock-take are presented in two parts: 1) This Summary Report presents a synopsis of each of the thematic areas – Trade and Markets, Resilience, Nutrition, and Technology Development and Deployment – covering, for each, interventions are undertaken, achievements, challenges and gaps, and investment opportunities going forward. 2) A comprehensive Annex submitted with the first draft has detailed the stock-take process and results, including survey instruments used, major stakeholder categories interviewed, analysis and findings, and a list of references.\n", + "Key Recommendations": "Trade and markets should remain the fulcrum of USAID regional strategy.\n\nThe major recommendation for future USAID-EA program is to use the IDDRSI conceptual clustering approach to identify - in drought-prone areas of East Africa - hotspots for developing models for building multi-risk resilience (drought, crop and livestock pests and diseases, food deficits, food prices volatility and conflicts) using multi-sectoral interventions combining community-based early warning based on climate predictions, and incorporating climate smart crop and livestock production, and natural resources management.\n\nIncreased trade is recognized as an important means to enhance movement of food from surplus to deficient areas.\n\nAgricultural technology is critical for improving and sustaining agricultural productivity.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00TPB9.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, and Hunting" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships", + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth", + "Conflict" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Agriculture and Food Security" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Micro, Small, or Medium Enterprise", + "Local Business", + "American Business", + "Regional Business" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2018" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "MSI", + "Pragma Corporation" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Ghana" + ], + "Document ID": "1811-Manag-GHA", + "Document Title": "Ex-Post Evaluation of the Water Access, Sanitation, and Hygiene for Urban Poor (WASH-UP) Activity in Ghana", + "Document Summary": "This ex-post evaluation examines the sustainability of results from USAID/Ghana’s Water Access, Sanitation, and Hygiene for Urban Poor (WASH-UP) activity to understand better whether selected outcomes have been sustained and the factors that contributed to or impeded the sustainability of these outcomes. The evaluation also identifies approaches to sustainability that can be institutionalized for use in future USAID WASH programming. The assessment assesses current levels of service delivered by supported water and sanitation installations, factors that may have supported or impaired the sustainability of selected results, and how activity beneficiaries apply supported hygiene practices. USAID will use the findings from this evaluation to improve the design, implementation, impact, and sustainability of future activities. \n\nThe evaluation team used a primarily qualitative approach to ascertain the status of WASH-UP installations, investigate what factors affected the sustainability of activity outcomes since WASH-UP’s closure, and examine whether beneficiaries are still using activity-supported hygiene practices. The team collected primary data in Ghana in September and October 2018 in six urban communities where WASH-UP implemented activities. The team conducted individual and group interviews, focus group discussions, structured observations, and water quality tests. The team interviewed a broad spectrum of respondents to answer the EQs, including activity beneficiaries and implementing partners, national and local government representatives, and private- and public-sector stakeholders.\n\nSeveral factors limited the evaluation team’s ability to collect and analyze data or produce findings, including several resulting from the nature of an ex-post evaluation. These limitations included: a) Challenges in locating selected beneficiaries and intervention points; b)Inability to identify and secure interviews with key informants; c) Cognitive biases of respondents; d) Challenges with procuring water quality test materials, which limited the number of tests the team was able to conduct; e) Limited activity performance data to enable time comparisons; and f) Selection biases in the data collection sample.\n", + "Key Findings": "WASH-UP supported, through its local partners, the installation of water and sanitation facilities in households, schools, and public settings.\n\nWASH-UP established five WSCs.\n\nThe evaluation team found that despite the intention to incorporate BCC messaging into the forward planning of WSCs, there is little evidence that sanitation and hygiene messages continue to be promoted in beneficiary communities.", + "Key Recommendations": "Future USAID/Ghana WASH interventions should assess and incorporate relevant best safe-water storage practices and BCC components into their interventions to ensure that supplied water remains safe at the point of use.\n\nUSAID should consider how it can continue to support newly established organizations such as the WSCs over the medium term. \n\nUSAID should ensure that future WASH activities engage with key government and institutional stakeholders as partners to foster sustainability after the activity ends.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00TJ6C.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Financial Services" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Health" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2018" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Carl Erik Schou Larsen", + "Christopher Collins", + "Florence Nyangara", + "Sandra Scham", + "Johanna Beduhn" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "1811-Schou-GLO", + "Document Title": "Performance Evaluation of the Innovation for Agricultural Training and Education (Innovate) Project ", + "Document Summary": "The purpose of this midpoint performance evaluation (PE) of the Innovation for Agricultural Training and Education (InnovATE) project was to assess: 1) the overall rationale and strategy for the project and what has or has not worked well in its implementation; and 2) how these factors contributed to the project's progress toward achieving targeted outcomes. The evaluation provides recommendations that the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) Bureau for Food Security (BFS) can use to inform future Agricultural Education and Training (AET) programming, improve project effectiveness, better achieve intended outcomes, and contribute to its collaboration, learning, and adapting agenda. In addition, it should be noted that the Feed the Future Global Performance Evaluation Report1 states that Feed the Future's monitoring and evaluation should focus more on capacity development. Therefore, capacity building is a significant emphasis for this evaluation.\n\nFor this evaluation, a team utilized a mixed methods approach, including a document review, an online survey, key informant interviews (KIIs), case studies, triangulation of findings from 2017 and 2018 interviews, document review, monitoring data, and limited survey data. The Evaluation Team (ET) found that InnovATE achieved planned objectives in developing and disseminating valuable educational and training materials and contributed to AET's knowledge base in several cross-cutting fields, including gender, vocational training, youth entrepreneurship, quality assurance, and accountability. However, several other objectives were not achieved due to a lack of Mission responsiveness and limited in-country outreach activities. The ET recommends that similar projects in the future develop viable plans to work with Missions to create awareness, get buy-in and support from the outset, and grow closer linkages between other Feed the Future projects, Missions, and institutions in the host country.\n", + "Key Findings": "• Representatives from the Armenia (n=2) and the Honduras (n=5) Missions praised both the products’ usefulness and the project implementer's communication with their Missions. \n• In Honduras, all representatives rated the use of the products in training as very good overall and one informant from Senegal thought that the tools InnovATE developed have the potential to support better in-country AET training.\n• The majority of representatives of partner institutions and the lead institution (n=11) stated that USAID/BFS handled communications with Missions and that they only had direct contact with Senegal.\n• In describing the progress of the Armenia AA, which was designed to meet AET needs for capacity building in financial sustainability, two key informants indicated that project implementers’ efforts to support the financial sustainability of the local AET institutions were not successful.\n• According to BFS interviewees and partner institution and Mission representatives, Mission demand for InnovATE’s products was not as great as was originally expected.", + "Key Recommendations": "• To mitigate the difficulties in achieving Mission buy-ins, which stem from lack of time and resources on the part of Missions (and, with respect to some Missions, such as Nepal, a lack of interest), BFS and/or Regional Bureaus could sponsor AA's for Missions with the greatest need for improvement in AET training. Need could be determined by scoping assessments.\n• Project implementers should develop ways to make more direct contacts with AET institutions to promote good AET practices.\n• Project implementers engaged in activities aimed at supporting Missions should take stock of where Feed the Future projects are in the implementation cycle to prioritize resources towards Missions during the project design phase.\n• Future implementers of similar projects should make sure that all assessments address the major gaps and shortfalls of AET institutions, and that they also address Mission priorities and strategies for building AET capacity.\n• Project implementers need to establish public outreach programs that focus on raising the awareness of Mission staff, other Feed the Future projects, and the AET institution community.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00TJ6D.pdf", + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID", + "ME&A" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth", + "Conflict" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Agriculture and Food Security" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2018" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Emily Mangone", + "Veldony Argant" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Haiti" + ], + "Document ID": "1812-ARGAN-HTI", + "Document Title": "A Multi-faceted Digital Approach to Learning from Benefciaries and Improving Health Knowledge and Behaviors in Haiti", + "Document Summary": "In 2016, SHOPS Plus Haiti launched a digital platform to effectively send mass SMS and interactive voice messages (IVR) to inform the population about relevant health topics. Initially, messages were created on topics like Cholera, child health, and mosquito-transmitted diseases. As the program evolved, SHOPS Plus implemented several innovations including family planning reminders and a compilation of peer stories to further engage the 100,000 users that joined the platform and attract new members. \n\n“A Multi-faceted Digital Approach to Learning from Beneficiaries and Improving Health Knowledge and Behaviors in Haiti” is an infographic that highlights the digital platform’s achievements and lessons. The document shares some of the platform’s implementation insights and details how users have benefited from using it. Furthermore, it explains how SHOPS Plus has engaged with users by making surveys and a voice mailbox available in the platform to shape the content they distribute in their mass message campaigns and develop innovations to better serve their needs. \n\n", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://shopsplusproject.org/sites/default/files/resources/A%20Multi-faceted%20Digital%20Approach%20to%20Learning%20from%20Beneficiaries%20and%20Improving%20Health%20Knowledge%20and%20Behaviors%20in%20Haiti_0.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Health Care", + "Telecommunications" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "SHOPS", + "USAID" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Efficiency and Effectiveness", + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Advancing Learning and Market Research;", + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "SHOPS", + "USAID" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Health" + ], + "Type of Document": "White Paper/Think Tank Report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Formal Sector" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Latin America and the Carribean" + ], + "Year": "2018" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Charles Balina", + "Elizabeth De Benedetti", + "Ammar Rezaie", + "M. Akbar Mangal" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Afghanistan" + ], + "Document ID": "1812-Balin-AFG", + "Document Title": "Final Performance Evaluation Road Sector Sustainability Project Technical Assistance to the Ministry of Public Works Activity", + "Document Summary": "Published by the USAID, this document is a final performance evaluation of the Technical Assistance to the Ministry of Public Works Activity (TA-MoPW), a component of the Road Sector Sustainability Program (RSSP), which was carried out at the request of USAID to provide independent verification of outputs and outcomes and serve as a lessons-learned document to inform the design and implementation of future road sector activities. This report determines how successful the Contractor, the Government of Afghanistan (GoA), and USAID were in designing and implementing Road Sector Reform.\n\nThe Evaluation Team (ET) implemented a mixed-methods approach to data collection to address the evaluation questions, ensuring triangulation of evaluation findings. These methods included document review, key informant interviews (KIIs), and an online survey. Tally sheets were used to identify patterns and themes from the KIIs. Quantitative data from the online survey was used to triangulate and support these observations. Where possible, this data is disaggregated by the organization or respondent type. Significant limitations are associated with this evaluation, even after the mitigation measures taken by ET and SUPPORT II. It is not coincidental that viewpoints toward TA-MoPW’s results among key stakeholder groups varied so widely, along with perspectives on the findings and conclusions of the evaluation. Based on the significant limitations, SUPPORT II assesses its confidence level in the evaluation findings as below-the-mean. ", + "Key Findings": "USAID’s project design was based on needs identified through prior road sector projects, and it endeavored to draw from international best practices in reforming the road sector.\n\nIn reporting to USAID, the IP indicated there was cooperation with GoA stakeholders in designing the road sector reforms.\n\nUSAID’s OI engaged with MoPW on a regular basis during implementation.\n\nImplementation of reforms has not been carried out as envisaged either in the design of TA-MoPW or the IP-designed reform package, and the key GoA ministries and OoP have not taken ownership of their roles as defined in the TP.", + "Key Recommendations": "1) USAID project designs should contextualize international best practices in the local operating environment. \n\n\n2) USAID should ensure that the project design process includes a complete analysis of relevant stakeholders through a sector- specific stakeholder analysis and mapping exercise.\n\n3) USAID should directly, and not via the IP, ensure political endorsement and buy-in for projects during project implementation. \n\n4) USAID should consider more actively adjusting contract deliverables to respond to unforeseen changes in the project’s environment.\n\n5) When designing projects, both USAID and GoA should discuss mechanisms for measuring GoA engagement with the IP.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00TH7B.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Engineering & Construction" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Democracy, Human Rights, & Governance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Afghanistan and Pakistan" + ], + "Year": "2018" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "The Cadmus Group" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Uganda" + ], + "Document ID": "1812-Cadmu-UGA", + "Document Title": "USAID/ Uganda Environmental Compliance Support Report and Recommendations for Health Care Waste Management", + "Document Summary": "Produced for review by the United States Agency for International Development, this document is an in-depth assessment (aka the Assessment) of healthcare waste (HCW) management at USAID-supported healthcare facilities in Uganda. The Assessment was carried out by the Global Environmental Management Support (GEMS) with the objectives to a) Carry out a detailed assessment of HCW management issues in Uganda; b) Conduct facilitation skills training (“training of trainers”) on HCW management for the Mission Environmental Officer (MEO) and Alternate MEO (AMEO); and c) Deliver training in HCW management for USAID C/AORs and implementing partners (IPs). The findings and recommendations from this Assessment are presented as a basis for USAID/Uganda to address many factors involved in improving the management of HCW in Uganda. The findings from the Assessment are summarized in two categories, field assessment findings and general assessment findings.\n\nDuring the first phase of the Assessment, GEMS reviewed select 22 CFR 216 documentation pertinent to the mission portfolio, environmental compliance trip reports, Environmental Mitigation and Monitoring Plans (EMMPs), IP project reporting, applicable host-country regulations and requirements, and other documents necessary to acquire a working familiarity with key issues, challenges, and opportunities concerning HCW management in Uganda. During the second phase of the Assessment, the field assessment and training, GEMS completed the interviews with select mission staff and interviews with relevant IPs and site visits. ", + "Key Findings": "Health Systems Strengthening (HSS) encourages proper HCWM.\n\nSegregation of HCW is not maintained throughout the waste management chain, potentially resulting in high final disposal costs\n\nInsufficient staffing, training, and equipment for waste handlers results in potential safety and public health risks", + "Key Recommendations": "Replicate the model HSS programming implemented\nby RHITES SW and RHITES E which promotes HCWM best practices.\n\nCoordinate closely with GOU to ensure engagement at all levels.\n\nEngage with GOU to provide budget and resources for hiring, training, and providing PPE and equipment for waste handlers (both contractors and direct employees).\n\nEnsure proper segregation of HCW throughout the collection and\ndisposal process chain.\n\nImplement in Uganda, in close collaboration with the GOU, partners, and other stakeholders, key elements of the environmental compliance mitigation strategy recommended for USAID/Kenya in the August 2014 HCWM Study. ", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00TNNM.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Health Care" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Ability to Influence Policy" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Health" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Local Business" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2018" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Sarah Castle", + "Gabrielle Appleford", + "Pellavi Sharma", + "Erika Houghtaling" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "1812-Castl-GLO", + "Document Title": "Support for International Family Planning Organizations II (SIFPO2) Project Evaluation", + "Document Summary": "Published by the Global Health Program Cycle Improvement Project under the technical supervision of USAID, this document is a performance evaluation report for International Family Planning Organizations II (SIFPO2) project’s performance across all three prime implementing partners (IPs)—the International Planned Parenthood Federation (IPPF), Marie Stopes International (MSI), and Population Services International (PSI)—and to ascertain whether the core project’s activities are achieving or have achieved the intended results as outlined in the Cooperative Agreements. The primary aim of the evaluation focuses on if/how core-supported systems improved family planning (FP) service delivery among the three IPs. This includes identifying technical gaps that have prevented achieving the project’s intended results. In addition, the evaluation identifies potential future technical directions based on accomplishments toward results and the current/anticipated environment. The assessment also gathered information that resulted in valuable recommendations for a potential future project or projects, including how to provide innovative solutions to address remaining problems, how to engage new partners, how to maximize efficient use of funds, how to further build the capacity of local organizations, and how to strategically transition from this type of assistance.\n\nThe evaluation used quantitative and qualitative methods to triangulate evidence for greater validity. Review of key documentation, development of a work plan and research instruments, key informant interviews, online surveys, field visits to Uganda and Malawi, data collection, and analysis were some of the key methods that the evaluation team used to assess the project performance. There were several limitations to the evaluation. First, time in Uganda and Malawi was short, given there were three IPs for assessment. In both countries, IPPF’s affiliates had field projects far from the capital cities. In Uganda, the evaluation team was, unfortunately, unable to visit the facilities and activities of Reproductive Health Uganda (RHU), an IPPF affiliate, as the distance was too great. Second, the IPs chose the sites the evaluation team visited, which may have introduced some bias. Although the evaluation team preferred that IP staff were not present during interviews, especially with ministry partners or local providers, they may have induced “desired” responses in some cases. Last, as described, the online survey exercise had some missed submissions from francophone countries, which may have resulted in biases regarding the kinds of respondents who were able to return questionnaires. ", + "Key Findings": "The evaluation found that, in general, USAID was satisfied with the way SIFPO2 had been implemented by all three organizations and that it had left an evidence-based legacy of its impact and approaches. \n\nThe IPs’ contribution to the documenting of High-Impact Practices on, for example, FP mobile outreach, vouchers, and social franchising was important. \n\nTheir participation in the Technical Working Groups was described as “indispensable.” \n\nGlobal webinars were seen to have an effect at the country level by showcasing experience and helping to motivate local staff and partners. \n\nHowever, USAID noted that there was some competition between the three organizations, which does not facilitate high-level or in-\ncountry collaboration or sharing. ", + "Key Recommendations": "USAID’s leadership in FP and systems strengthening should\ncontinue.\n\nThere is a need to sustain efforts to reach youth and adolescents with high-quality FP information and services.\n\nIPs should be encouraged to continue to disseminate learning and evidence, both the good and bad (we learn as much from failures as successes), in the spirit of building stronger FP service delivery platforms, national FP programs, and a global CoP.\n\nThe evaluators respect organizational differences in QA as an FP service delivery investment, but believe there should be minimum standards that transcend organizations.\n\nThere is room to improve on organizational models and processes for capacity transfer.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/s3.sourceafrica.net/documents/120260/USAID-SIFPO2-Evaluation-Report.pdf", + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships", + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth", + "Conflict" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Health" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2018" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "TIM FORSTER", + "ST JOHN DAY" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "1812-DAY-GLO", + "Document Title": "Water, Sanitation and Hygiene in Post-Emergency Contexts: A study on establishing sustainable service delivery models", + "Document Summary": "Large-scale and complex emergencies often occur in countries where government institutions have weak coping capacity. They may struggle to deliver essential services routinely, even in non-emergency situations. This has serious implications for the way in which emergency water, sanitation and hygiene services are managed long-term and in the transition from\nemergency to post-emergency situations.\n\nUNHCR and Oxfam commissioned this study to better understand how emergency WASH services are delivered, and to identify how the provision of infrastructure can lead to sustainable service delivery and a more professional management mechanism. As many humanitarian crises are protracted in nature, emergency WASH services need to be sustained once humanitarian agencies depart. This report aims to review and identify alternative service\ndelivery options, and to provide some pragmatic guidance that can be incorporated into emergency response programmes and tested, evaluated and built on in the future.", + "Key Findings": "This study draws attention to four important considerations. The first is the requirement to strengthen standards of WASH service delivery. This is needed because serious failings in the quality of implementation will act as a deterrent for any future management operator. The second concerns the need to rationalize the number of INGOs and UN agencies involved in the post-emergency phase, so that water supply and sanitation services can gradually become viable business models and financially sustainable. The third requirement is to conduct an assessment of the enabling environment (i.e. conditions), which will help to determine the most realistic service delivery model.\nThis will depend on the context. The fourth requirement is to encourage government to set clear policy and strategy directions. This requires mandated institutions (service authorities) to articulate realistic levels of service performance so that business models and financial plans can be established accordingly.", + "Key Recommendations": "The most common management arrangement observed in the case studies was one of international humanitarian agencies managing large piped water systems in the absence of effective government support. In some circumstances, management arrangements included communities managing point water sources themselves. A third option (observed in Ethiopia) was the establishment of a rural water utility to manage large-scale emergency water supply systems. This is a positive approach, but it remains highly vulnerable in the absence of effective government support. A key argument emerging from this study is that emergency WASH systems should be ‘professionalized’ during the transition from emergency to post-emergency and the longer term. The main priorities for humanitarian agencies are outlined below.\n• INGOs and UN agencies should try as hard as possible to strengthen standards of WASH service delivery in accordance with the direction of government policy. WASH services should be at least adequate in terms of standards and performance, but if this is not the case then development partners and government need to determine standards for service provision (such as water quantity, quality, reliability, pressure, hours of service and acceptable periods of downtime). In particular, there should be an increased focus on the quality of design and implementation and on establishing efficient operations. This will make the handover of WASH assets and services far more attractive to other potential operators.\n• Post-emergency, agencies should collaborate to reduce the number of service providers. Constructive dialogue between government, service providers, users and regulators will create better understanding of the need for a business model approach.\n• Energy to drive change needs to be generated by WASH sector professionals. Senior management should encourage a transition from life-saving activities to the development of viable business models and financial plans.\n• Often the enabling environment for establishing professional management models is not adequately assessed. This requires working with government and development partners to undertake an assessment of conditions for a range of WASH management options. In emergencies involving refugees or IDPs, this is inextricably linked to applying the CRRF in practice.\n• Serious efforts should be made to encourage government (service authorities) to set out policy objectives for emergency response and to set performance targets for the transition period. This will provide the basis for developing business models and clarifying future financial arrangements. Sustainable WASH management models will be constrained if government does not provide clear and realistic policy guidance (see Annex 6). Business\nmodels should also comply with UNHCR’s WASH design guidelines for establishing more sustainable management systems.\n• If service delivery shifts to a more professionalized approach, grievance and accountability mechanisms also need to be established. Community groups (such as user groups and health clubs) and water (or WASH) boards can potentially play a useful role in feeding into these systems.\n• Emergency response involves complex and difficult work, and the transition from emergency WASH services to a more professionalized management model is unlikely to be a simple linear process. Flexibility and the ability to adapt to changing circumstances will be key.\n• It would be useful to develop a sustainability audit tool for use by the wider WASH sector. The audit tool could be used to guide agencies through a process that looks at the enabling environment and technical, commercial and financial requirements that affect sustainability. It could also be used to guide agencies to set realistic and acceptable levels of performance for WASH service provision.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com/bitstream/handle/10546/620598/rr-wash-post-emergency-delivery-041218-en.pdf;jsessionid=455086D7C4A582872512645CE16AD3A3?sequence=1", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Other", + "Health Care" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Oxfam" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Oxfam International" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Humanitarian Assistance", + "Health" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Formal Sector" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2018" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Jennifer Sebstad", + "Matt Ripley", + "Michael Field", + "Jeanne Downing" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "1812-DOWNI-GLO", + "Document Title": "Market Systems Resilience: A FRAMEWORK FOR MEASUREMENT", + "Document Summary": "This document from USAID details a framework for market systems resilience. This framework builds on previous approaches of market development and is aimed towards systems level resilience. The document handles markets as complex adaptive systems, analyzes the characteristics of resilience, and provides a theory of change for strengthening systems level resilience for markets. The approach of the paper is exploratory and aims to provide an initial foundation that can be further refined by practitioners.", + "Key Findings": "The structural and behavioral characteristics of market systems highlights key lessons for defining market system resilience capacities.\n\n- Market systems are structurally complex with many interconnections, making it difficult or impossible to isolate changes in markets from political, cultural, natural resource, and other systems or changes at the governmental level from the household level.\n- Interconnections tend to amplify feedback resulting from shocks and stresses.\n- System-level resilience is different from the resilience of individuals, households, or communities. Systems thinking makes clear that the emergent patterns we see in market systems are the result of a complex and dynamic network of interactions among individuals, households, communities, value chains, other interconnected systems, and so on. These interactions include feedback loops filtered through systemic biases or mental models, which in turn shape how systems respond to stimuli, such as shocks and stresses. What this means is that the complexity of the interactions, the synergies among them, and the embedded biases of the different actors make systems different from simply an amalgamation of all the parts of the system. Thus, in the short terms, individual market actors may thrive at the expense of the wider community or market-system resilience. Conversely, actors may fail but the system could become stronger.\n- Understanding system biases (i.e. slow-moving variables) can be critical to achieving longer term resilience and transformative change. Fast-moving variables should not be ignored but rather understood for what they are (i.e. while they can change quickly they can also change back quickly without meaningful change in the system).\n- Market systems are dynamic and constantly evolving. Thus—in those contexts where the system is producing outcomes that are less than ideal for individuals, households, and communities — the objective for practitioners should be to catalyze a shift in the orientation and direction of the market system that aligns with better outcomes, including improved resilience capacities. This approach is different than aiming to enhance resilience solely through singular, technical improvements, such as commercial restocking or sand dams. Rather the focus for practitioners offered here is on improving how the system allocates and marshals resources in the face of shocks and stresses.\n- Facilitation needs to guide market systems in a direction that enables individuals, communities, and systems to solve their own problems and allocate resources—through market mechanisms—to better absorb, adapt, and transform in the face of shocks and stresses over the long run.", + "Key Recommendations": "Since market systems have to be understood in context, and the pathway towards inclusivity is neither uniform nor unidirectional, we advise that market systems are only benchmarked against their previous scores for the same system, but not against other systems or idealized (normative) notions of what constitutes an optimum level of proactive-reactive orientation. The tool is designed to measure the direction of change as well as the relative change from one time period to the next (e.g., from baseline to a chosen mid-line). Measure of change in system resilience is relative rather than absolute, which is conceptually almost impossible to measure since systems evolve and the boundaries of what constitutes absolute reactive or proactive risk management in practice is fluid.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://2017-2020.usaid.gov/sites/default/files/documents/1866/Market-Systems-Resilience-Measurement-Framework-Report-Final_public-August-2019.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Other" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Advancing Learning and Market Research;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "Industry Publication", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "For-profit Commercial Entity" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2018" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Denis Dunn", + "Babar Mufti", + "Humayoon Iqbal", + "Rahmatullah Abid" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Afghanistan" + ], + "Document ID": "1812-Dunn-AFG", + "Document Title": "Final Performance Evaluation of Assistance in Building Afghanistan by Developing Enterprises", + "Document Summary": "Produced by Checchi and Company Consulting, Inc. at the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) request, this document is a final performance evaluation of assistance in building Afghanistan by developing enterprises (ABADE). The purpose of the assessment was to provide independent verification of activity outputs and outcomes and to understand the extent to which ABADE achieved its intended results and was implemented effectively. The Office of Economic Growth (OEG) management was also interested in learning more about the challenges that Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) faced in production, raw materials, and access to electricity. The findings of this evaluation will inform the USAID Mission’s new strategy and activity designs focused on the Afghan private sector to increase jobs and exports in specific value chains.\n\nThe evaluation team (ET) gathered data and information from four primary sources: one secondary source, i.e., desk review of ABADE documentation, and three primary sources - one quantitative in-person survey, Focus Group Discussions (FGD), and Key Informant Interviews (KII). In-person interviews were conducted with business owners selected randomly across four provinces and by category, per USAID criteria in the SOW, of 20% micro, 30% small, and 50% medium-sized SMEs. This sample accommodates an acceptable 95% level of confidence and +/-10% margin of error in the findings. \n\nThe fundamental limitations of this evaluation include: a) Independent verification of ABADE data was impeded because: a)) ABADE’s raw data, particularly from the end-of-activity survey, was not available for external review, and ABADE did not maintain the source data for Tier II12 indicators; b) Because the percentage breakdown by enterprise size specified in the SOW (micro-20%; small-30% and medium-50%) does not reflect the actual distribution of enterprises in each category (micro-31.1%; small-24.5% and medium-29.2%), the quantitative survey findings are not presented by type of enterprise (micro, small and medium), c) The margin-of-error had to be estimated as +/-10%. This degree of precision is low to verify sufficiently the accuracy of the number of created Jobs reported by the IP; d) Scheduling FGDs with female beneficiaries was challenging. The primary explanation is cultural, in that most women either do not carry phones or do not have their phones on during the day, and e) As the activity began in 2012 and had already ended, for many beneficiaries, there was a distinct possibility of recall bias, as well as bias in reporting.", + "Key Findings": "ABADE’s purported contribution to jobs was 17,777, or an average of 60 jobs per Public-Private Alliance (PPA) – this is similar to the ET survey result of 64 jobs per company respondent.\n\nWith respect to the accuracy and uniformity of ABADE reporting on indicators, intermediate outcomes vital to business expansion were only reflected in two vague indicators.\n\nABADE in-kind grants totaled $41.8 million and reportedly leveraged $250 million in private sector investment – a ratio of almost 1:6.\n\nWith a few exceptions, most of the SME-PPAs surveyed by the ET were highly appreciative of the M/E they received from ABADE as in-kind investment.", + "Key Recommendations": "USAID should offer more programming like ABADE; productive enterprises have a huge need for M/E and such an initiative can produce real, sustainable jobs.\n\nIf precise indicator data, e.g., “jobs created,” are not available, suitable proxies should be used together with regular on-site observations, while keeping in mind limitations on data validity.\n\nM/E vendors should provide not only M/E according to specifications, but also technicians to help install and integrate the M/E into existing production lines, and train on operation and maintenance.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00TGD5.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Food & Beverage" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Afghanistan Red Gold Saffron Company", + "Afghan Red Pomegranate" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Micro, Small, or Medium Enterprise", + "Local Business" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Afghanistan and Pakistan" + ], + "Year": "2018" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Glada Lahn", + "Owen Grafham" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Burkina Faso", + "Kenya", + "Jordan" + ], + "Document ID": "1812-GRAFH-MLT", + "Document Title": "The Cost of Fuelling Humanitarian Aid", + "Document Summary": "Most refugee and internal displacement camps are in remote locations, so humanitarian agencies consume large amounts of fuel on the transport of staff, equipment, and goods such as food and water.\n\nOperations tend to rely on on-site electricity generation to power reception centres, clinics, schools, food storage, water-pumping and street lighting. Despite the essential role of energy in humanitarian action, and the UN’s stated commitment to carbon neutrality by 2020, there is no concerted effort to move away from fossil fuel to date.\n\nThis research paper outlines the cost of fuelling humanitarian aid.", + "Key Findings": "We roughly estimate that around 5 per cent of humanitarian agency expenditure is dedicated to oil fuel and oil-fuelled generation – a share equivalent to $1.2 billion in 2017. The overall picture of energy use by humanitarian agencies is one of inefficiency and therefore wastefulness. This stands in contrast to the overall ambitions of the sector to do no harm, in terms both of global climate and local environment. The will to change is there, and several large agencies have made significant progress, but greater focus and resources are needed to make step changes in the way things are done and to bring the sector into line with the UN system’s commitment to carbon neutrality.\n\nThe examples of good practice described in this paper show that it is possible to do things better, and in many cases to save valuable funds that could be diverted to core humanitarian ends. Drawing on the examples in this research paper, we estimate that achievable changes in practice and technology could reap the sector some half a billion US dollars in operational cost savings each year.\nThe solutions variously require capital, better data, governance reforms, new skills, partnerships with private firms and other entities, or changes in human behaviour. Implementing these changes will entail both top-down and bottom-up action.", + "Key Recommendations": "Require humanitarian agencies to provide a breakdown of their energy cost projections in budgets, backed up with assumptions about consumption and costs. Ask about fuel rationalization and energy strategies in talks with humanitarian agencies, and request updates on progress. Offer support to projects that unlock system change, and that enable models that can be adapted for replication. Consider contributing to a multi-country fund to de risk the larger investments to transform large displacement operations. Ask humanitarian agencies what steps they are taking to reduce their emissions and impact on host-country resources. Where possible, include sustainable energy as a priority area in humanitarian response plans (HRPs) and encourage aid in energy projects that will leave a positive legacy in-country. Where possible, include sustainable energy as a priority area in humanitarian response plans (HRPs) and encourage aid in energy projects that will leave a positive legacy in-country. In cases of prolonged displacement/humanitarian presence, consider enabling infrastructure investments that will reduce energy and water demand in camps and harness local market expertise. Consider partnerships with humanitarian agencies operating in remote locations to improve energy access for rural areas.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.chathamhouse.org/sites/default/files/publications/research/2018-12-10-Costs-Humanitarian-Aid2.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Energy" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge", + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships", + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Advancing Learning and Market Research;", + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Moving Energy Initiative" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Humanitarian Assistance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Peer-reviewed article or other research report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Formal Sector" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2018" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Colin Maclean", + "Alexandre Monnard", + "Collette Campbell" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Jamaica" + ], + "Document ID": "1812-Macle-JAM", + "Document Title": "Final Performance Evaluation of the USAID/Jamaica Social Enterprise Boost Initiative", + "Document Summary": "Prepared independently by ME&A, Inc. and produced at the request of the United States Agency for International Development, this document is a final performance evaluation of the USAID/Jamaica Social Enterprise Boost Initiative (SEBI). According to the Statement of Work (SOW), this evaluation was “to determine whether the SEBI activity achieved its objectives and gain lessons for the implementation of ongoing or future programs.” The assessment sought to identify: 1) implementation challenges, corrective actions to project management, and progress towards achieving expected results; 2) the factors that contributed to the success/failure of the different project components; 3) the effect of the activity on men and women; and 4) the extent to which SEBI contributed to the local SE policy environment. More specifically, the evaluation serves to inform USAID/Jamaica’s Local Partner Development (LPD) program under the Caribbean Basin Security Initiative (CBSI) as well as Social Enterprise Jamaica (SEJA).\n\nThe performance evaluation of SEBI utilized a mix of mutually reinforcing qualitative and quantitative methods, allowing the ET to triangulate findings. Data and information needed to respond meaningfully to USAID’s three main questions in the evaluation SOW were gathered from several qualitative and quantitative sources. Qualitative sources included a review of project documents and fieldwork consisting of key informant interviews (KIIs) and focus group discussions (FGDs) with project beneficiaries and stakeholders. The only impediments to the evaluation that affected its outcome were logistical issues in locating and organizing KIIs and FGDs and implementing both surveys. Nonetheless, there are several important limitations inherent to the design selected for this evaluation: time and location constraints, data availability and data quality, selection bias, recall bias, and response bias.", + "Key Findings": "Evidence suggests that most incubators and accelerators (26 of\n29 interviewed) benefited from SEBI’s capacity building measures\nand networking activities.\n\nThe evaluation found that, at macro level, after six years of SEBI, there is still no legislative framework in place in Jamaica to support SEs and significant questions remain as to what that framework should look like and include.\n\nSEBI pursued a range of awareness raising activities (e.g., workshops, trade fairs, and media campaigns, such as the “Buy Social” social media campaign), which brought the concept of social entrepreneurship to a previously unreached audience (youth, women, government, and private sector players) in Kingston and St.\nAndrew.\n\nThe evaluation found no broad- based awareness of SEJA among project beneficiaries (direct or indirect) or stakeholders from KIIs\nand FGDs, in terms of its suggested purpose, structure, or business model.", + "Key Recommendations": "For any current or future similar projects, the ET strongly suggests\nthat a specific needs analysis should be conducted to identify the unique needs and challenges for each SE for targeted interventions to be developed and implemented at the pre-project design stage.\n\nTo build on the progress achieved so far, the ET recommends that any future similar projects incorporate SEBI’s enabling environment\nobjectives to ensure that social entrepreneurship remains on the\nradar in Jamaica.\n\nFor future interventions supporting SEs, special effort must be made to include local stakeholders in the rural parishes, including hosting awareness events there.\n\nBefore any such entity is contemplated all stakeholders must be consulted, including at local level in the parishes, in order to ensure that such a body is viable and sustainable and that it is aligned with the actual needs and requirements of intended beneficiaries.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00TH2K.pdf", + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Latin America and the Carribean" + ], + "Year": "2018" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Mercy Corps" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Uganda" + ], + "Document ID": "1812-MERCY-UGA", + "Document Title": "Demonstrating a Market Systems Approach in", + "Document Summary": "In July 2017 the Department for International Development (DFID) contracted Mercy Corps, the Palladium Group and DanChurchAid (DCA) to deliver a 12-month pilot programme, Demonstrating a Market System Approach in Bidibidi and Palorinya Settlements (referred to as “the pilot” in the remainder of this document) in the West Nile region of Northern Uganda with the goal of increasing refugee and host community farmers’ incomes (economic welfare) through growth of the agribusiness sector. Importantly, the pilot was not meant to replace any livelihoods/social safety net projects, nor was it intended to target all farmer households. The goal was to identify and increase access for those households who could and wanted to, produce commercially for market. The primary purpose of the Pilot endline evaluation was to provide tactical recommendations for evidence-based decision making related to programme design, targeting, and implementation of future market-systems development (MSD) programmes. \n\nThis report synthesises the successes, challenges and additional considerations brought forth from the pilot and provides key recommendations based on the lessons learned to assist the donor, implementing organisations and the community in understanding and adapting programming to a more market-based and a sustainable alternative to direct aid. The report is organised around several themes which emerged through the evaluation, which speak to both the challenges and opportunities in the region, as well as with using a market-based model to humanitarian assistance, with the key findings highlighted as follows", + "Key Findings": "This report synthesises the successes, challenges and additional considerations brought forth from the pilot and provides key recommendations based on the lessons learned to assist the donor, implementing organisations and the community in understanding and adapting programming to a more market-based and a sustainable alternative to direct aid. The report is organised around several themes which emerged through the evaluation, which speak to both the challenges and opportunities in the region, as well as with using a market-based model to humanitarian assistance, with the key findings highlighted as follows. \n(1) The pilot demonstrated mixed evidence regarding increased agricultural income but signs of increased market engagement. \n(2) The pilot incentivised host community farmers to give land to refugee farmers by offering free tillage services on one acre of their land for every five acres given to refugee farmers. \n(3)The pilot raised awareness of improved seed varieties and supported increased uptake of improved varieties. \n(4) Pilot farmers cited improved access to inputs, including improved seeds. \n(5) The pilot strengthened relationships between seed companies and agro-dealers, inspired agro-dealers to engage in more marketing activities an illustrated market opportunity to agro-dealers. \n(6) The pilot’s partial subsidies were an effective incentive to increase uptake of improved seeds and land preparation services among farmers, though willingness to pay market price for such products and services was unclear. \n(7) Changed behaviours were positive indications of early market systems changes. \n(8) Improving market opportunities requires a multiyear approach. \n(9) The pilot highlighted gaps in understanding of market dynamics and sales channels with greatest potential for farmers in West Nile. Additionally, Pilot farmers showed a significant reliance on informal sources for market information. \n(10) The pilot clearly demonstrated the need for future programming to address cross-cutting constraints such as access to finance, climate change and transport issues related to poor infrastructure.", + "Key Recommendations": "However, learnings from the pilot clearly indicated that price remained a primary barrier for farmer uptake of improved inputs and tillage services. In fact, limited access to capital as well as appropriate financing schemes were seen as key constraints to growth of the agribusiness sector by all market actors. Over half of farmers cited lack of credit as a key impediment to the success of their agricultural activities. While access to finance goes beyond the scope of project activities, further research and investment is required in this area. While the pilot captured a significant amount of valuable market information over the 12-month pilot, gaps in understanding remain related to market potential as well as the most viable and profitable sales channels for West Nile farmers. Furthermore, only time will evidence the true cost benefit to farmers in using improved inputs and services. Capturing this information over multiple years to build the business case for farming could be a powerful tool to engage farmers and leverage buy-in from agro-dealers, seed companies and offtakers, as well as external actors such as government and donors. \n\nIn the shorter-term, NGOs and programmes can facilitate linkages between farmers and market actors to build trust, reduce information asymmetries and fulfil a middleman role in supporting increased accessibility of products and services. Focus can also be placed on helping farmers access information to determine if investments to increase production can increase farmers’ incomes, while supporting them to overcome key constraints to make the transition to commercial agriculture (access to land for refugees, inputs, services and market opportunities). More strategically, NGOs can look internally at how to remove themselves from the supply-chain, and instead, work with and through appropriate market actors. \n\nIn the longer-term, there is need and potential in the region to support a larger-scale, multi-year approach to programmes supporting sustainable growth of the agribusiness sector and agricultural incomes. Such an approach would embed a wider range of cross-cutting themes, such as climate change and access to finance, and allow more time and resources to be allocated to better understanding market dynamics (such as local, informal sales channels that may offer better prices than offtake companies), better align the expectations of farmers and offtakers, and build an understanding of the most feasible and profitable sales channels for farmers. A multi-year engagement would also allow for an increased focus on addressing infrastructural challenges such as aggregation, transportation and distribution, all of which require long-term investment and buy-in. Most importantly, this would allow farmers to make the transition from subsistence to commercial farming in a way that slowly reduces reliance on NGOs and subsidies over time, allowing farmers (and all actors along the value chain) time to invest sustainably, gain the skills and experience required to be successful, and increase their incomes with the ultimate goal of long-term self-reliance rather than direct assistance.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.mercycorps.org/sites/default/files/2020-01/MSD_in_Refugee_Response_Pilot_Evaluation.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Business Services", + "Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, and Hunting" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Palladium" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Efficiency and Effectiveness", + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships", + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Advancing Learning and Market Research;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Mercy Corps" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Agriculture and Food Security", + "Humanitarian Assistance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Impact Evaluation Report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Micro, Small, or Medium Enterprise" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2018" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Tetra Tech" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Congo (Kinshasa)" + ], + "Document ID": "1812-Tetra-COD", + "Document Title": "Capacity Building for a Responsible Minerals Trade Final Report", + "Document Summary": "Produced for review by the United States Agency for International Development by Tetra Tech, this document is a final report of the Capacity Building for a Responsible Minerals Trade (CBRMT) project implemented in the Great Lakes region of Central Africa with a specific focus on the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). The project strengthened the capacity of local and regional actors to manage conflict-free supply chains. It introduced a new system to trace and conduct due diligence on artisanal tin, tantalum, tungsten, and gold (3TG). This report describes achievements and challenges, shares key products, and suggests ways to advance responsible sourcing of minerals in the DRC.\n\nThis USAID-funded project supported the Government of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (GDRC) and the International Conference for the Great Lakes Region (ICGLR) to establish and scale up a responsible minerals trade (RMT) from the region and transform the region’s mineral wealth into a tool for economic growth and development. To achieve these aims, CBRMT worked with the GDRC Ministry of Mines (MoM): they targeted mining sector actors to increase the volume of conflict-free minerals and improve the integrity of due diligence and traceability systems in the DRC. The project also strengthened the ICGLR by improving its financial and management capacity and monitoring and auditing conflict-free supply chains.", + "Key Findings": "To transform policies governing artisanal mining in the DRC and the Great Lakes region, CBRMT worked closely with GDRC counterparts, the ICGLR, and governmental and nongovernmental partners.\n\nCBRMT’s Field Training Coordinator and Capacity Building Advisor first assessed the capacity gaps and needs of partners, and then led the design and implementation of tailored capacity building activities.\n\nArtisanal mining of 3TG takes place at over 2,000 mine sites in eastern DRC, feeding into complex supply chains that are informal and unregulated, and serve to support ongoing fraud and smuggling.\n\nTo maximize leverage and impact, CBRMT closely coordinated activities with a broad cross section of international, national, and regional public and private sector actors.", + "Key Recommendations": "Legal and policy reform: complete the RCM reform process.\n\nStrengthening the capacity of key actors to implement responsible supply chains: encourage the GDRC to commit the necessary resources for mining services.\n\nModels: scale up responsible gold mining.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00TNFP.pdf", + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Reputation and Credible Convening Power" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Conflict" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Democracy, Human Rights, & Governance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Regional Business" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2018" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "DAI" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Indonesia", + "Regional", + "Nepal" + ], + "Document ID": "1812-USAID-MLT", + "Document Title": "DAI Final Report: Center for Development Innovation Professional Management Services Contract September 2014-December 2018", + "Document Summary": "Prepared by DAI Global LLC and produced for review by United States Agency for International Development U.S. Global Development Lab, Center for Development Innovation (Lab/CDI), this document is a final report for a Professional Management Consulting services contracted to DAI in September 2014. Under this 4-year contract, DAI supported 24 Operating Units across the agency, including every center within the Lab and 19 USAID Missions around the world. This work was done through 50 buy-ins and focused on developing pipelines for breakthroughs by harnessing the best in American and global innovation and entrepreneurship and engaging a broad range of communities and stakeholders.\n\nOver the past four years, DAI provided a broad range of technical services for teams and initiatives across the Lab. This support included communications services such as press/media outreach, campaign strategies, video production, writing and editing help, and social media support. DAI provided acceleration support to grantees across five programs and innovation program and design support to 32 initiatives. It worked on a wide range of platforms, including developing the Global Innovation Exchange and DIV’s Salesforce platform. It carried out a robust learning capture agenda resulting in five toolkits, six training, and 21 learning products. Extending USAID’s reach, making a client’s vision a reality, Flexibility, and Experimenting and learning were the fundamental principles guiding DAI’s strategic counsel and implementation. The hallmark of the DAI CDI contract has been key learning alongside USAID and collaboratively remixing this hard-won experience into subsequent activities. Whether in its approaches to communications, operational innovation, acceleration, open innovation, program design activities, platforms, or learning, DAI has found this theme as it recounts its activities over the last four years below.", + "Key Findings": "The first trend is that buy-in based contracts and cooperative agreements are on the rise.\n\nThe second trend that we see is innovation’s prominence in new USAID activities.\n\nFinally, the essence of innovation is learning and adapting.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00TPH7.pdf", + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Agriculture and Food Security", + "Humanitarian Assistance", + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Local Business" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa", + "Asia", + "Latin America and the Carribean" + ], + "Year": "2018" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "ANDE" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "1900-Aspen-GLO", + "Document Title": "State of the Small & Growing Business Sector: 2018 Report", + "Document Summary": "Prepped and published by the Aspen Network of Development Enterprise (ANDE), this document is a testament to the work that ANDE members have accomplished and a reminder that the sector’s work is not finished. The paper provides important highlights on the changes in the network, starting with its scope. ANDE has now grown to more than 290 members. Perhaps more importantly, over the past several years, it has also seen a shift in the geographic base of the membership. Today, more than 40 percent of our members are headquartered in emerging markets. Another significant progression among ANDE members has been their embrace of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs or “global goals”). Eighty-seven percent of our members now align their work with one or more of the goals, with SDG 8, “Decent Work and Economic Growth,” being the most common. ANDE member adoption reflects a more significant trend among international development organizations to focus their work on the SDGs.\n\nThis past year remained important for ANDE to develop new insights on gender lens approaches to entrepreneurship support. Through a wide variety of initiatives, ANDE gained a more nuanced understanding of gender barriers in the sector and strategies for addressing those barriers. In addition to an increase in gender-inclusive investment vehicles, gender-based strategies expanded beyond the investment world into acceleration, impact measurement, and sector research. While gender inclusion continues to gain prominence as an issue, there remains more work to be done, and ANDE commits to continuing to help expand opportunities for gender-inclusive Small and Growing Businesses (SGBs).", + "Key Findings": "Notable developments in the broader SGB Landscape:\nThe past 10 years have seen a growing focus on South Asia and Southeast Asia among SGB investment vehicles.\n\nUS $7.4 billion in donor agency support went to SME development in 2017, with at least US $33.8 billion supporting the sector over the past decade.\n\nThere are at least 283 accelerators operating in Latin America, Africa, and South and Southeast Asia.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://2018.andeglobal.org/assets/2018/document/report2018_web_final.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Business Services", + "Financial Services", + "Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, and Hunting" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Argidius Foundation", + "Heifer International", + "Lutheran World Relief", + "Palladium", + "Naasakle", + "International Development Research Center (IDRC)", + "Pearl Capital Partners" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Aspen Network of Development Entrepreneurs (ANDE)" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "For-profit approach that generates sustainable income", + "Corporate Foundation", + "Regional Business", + "Local Business", + "Formal Sector" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2019" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "John Bardo" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "United States" + ], + "Document ID": "1900-Bardo-USA-pr", + "Document Title": "Innovation in the Heartland", + "Document Summary": "It has become clear since Bayh-Dole that higher education is a crucial component of US economic success now and into the future. University education and research play a pivotal role in the nation’s global competitiveness. With this realization, this paper gives an overview of Wichita State University (WSU) and its efforts to spur competitiveness to provide a path that is focused on delivering higher education deeply grounded in applied learning and research in securing the future with the vision to make the WSU internationally recognized as the model for applied learning and research.\n\nIn the abstract, the paper highlights that applied education incorporates internships, mentorships, and apprenticeships focused on science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) to improve student outcomes in these areas. However, when moving beyond the abstract, what to implement and how to implement it becomes much more complicated and nuanced. What might be appropriate in Huntsville, Alabama, may not fit well in Wichita. From experience, WSU has learned that programs to improve STEM education must be designed and implemented with an integrated approach that involves economic analytics, economic structural analysis, and rigorous feedback and assessment. The paper presents four significant components to WSU’s contextual analysis that are; i) Regional economic structural analysis, ii) Trade good destination analysis, iii) Specific metropolitan economic analysis, and iv) Blueprint for regional economic growth, which provides the basis for modifying the university’s approach to education, research, and development (R&D), and its relationship with its broader community. One of the important issues facing the greater Wichita area has been the continuing outmigration of educated workers and jobs that lower-wage positions filled by less-skilled workers are replacing. \n", + "Key Findings": "Starting a process by involving the private sector, nongovernmental organizations, and other entities outside the university provides a base from which to begin developing educational programming. Maintaining those relationships is critical. The competitive situation in the broader market requires interactions with business and the job creators so that the models of STEM education can be modified in ways that continue to promote competitiveness and success that supports the community, region, and state.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://issues.org/innovation-in-the-heartland/", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Aerospace and Defense", + "Engineering & Construction", + "Technology", + "Other" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Beech Aircraft Corporation" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Issues in Science and Technology" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Youth" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "White Paper/Think Tank Report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "American Business", + "Formal Sector", + "For-profit Commercial Entity" + ], + "Year": "2019" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Nicolas Bricas", + "Thierry Giordano", + "Étienne Hainzelin", + "Pauline Bendjebbar", + "Sandrine Dury" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "1900-DURY-GLO", + "Document Title": "Food Systems at Risk: New Trends and Challenges", + "Document Summary": "This document examines food systems at risk. It provides a scientific assessment of the danger humanity faces in its current food climate– the document does not give suggestions to solve food systems at risk. It addresses what a food system is, the interactions of food systems, environmental consequences of existing food systems, social and economic dimensions of food systems, and concerns for food and nutrition security.", + "Key Findings": "The first section provides the framework of what comprises a food system, its drivers and outcomes, and how the main drivers have changed in past decades and are expected to change in coming years. There are\nmultiple ways for dealing with the modelling/representation of food systems and our choice was based on our own experience and on the latest scientific literature and studies by international organisations. Our choice was also motivated by the need to assess, in the future, food systems on a local basis, where many political decisions will have to be designed and implemented.\nSection 2 deals with the interactions between food systems and climate change. It concerns both the contribution of existing food systems to climate change (their carbon footprint, the specific contribution of the increase in animal production and deforestation), and one specific consequence of climate change on food systems, with a chapter dedicated to the emergence of new pests and diseases.\nSection 3 deals with the environmental consequences of existing food systems: over-exploitation of natural resources, irreversible biodiversity loss and pollution of water, air and soil. It also assesses the possible feedback effects of these degradations of natural resources on food systems.\nSection 4 considers the social and economic dimensions of food systems. It reviews the implications of current trends for job creation, for the inclusion of small-scale actors, women, minorities and territories into food systems, and the implications of modern digital technologies. It shows that while food systems could be a major building block for prosperity and stability in many LI and LMI countries, current trends are threatening the\nability of countries to meet this potential. There are inequalities between actors within food systems, including women and minorities, between territories, there are difficulties in making labour-intensive food systems a\npriority and there is a high risk of excluding many stakeholders from the benefits of digital technology, which may trigger further civil conflicts and food crises.\nFinally, Section 5 concerns food and nutrition security, an outcome determined by two other food system outcomes (environmental and social and economic). It deals first with the difficult question of food production which is sufficient to meet needs, then two chapters are devoted to the question of the international market for food products and its price instability. Finally, the last two chapters address the negative effects of changing diets on health and the increase in safety risks.", + "Key Recommendations": " Based on this analysis, this food system diagnosis framework must meet a set of indispensable requirements: it must be systemic (and not value chain centred) to embrace the locally specific features and combination of risks food systems face; applicable at different scales depending on inner features of food systems; dynamic to unravel past evolutions and imagine future scenarios and their main drivers; and operational to identify the potential policies, projects and programmes – and the critical stakeholders – which could radically transform food systems in the future. Such a diagnosis framework does not yet exist, but is urgently needed.", + "Internet URL of Document": "http://www.fao.org/3/ca5724en/ca5724en.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, and Hunting", + "Food & Beverage" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities", + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Advancing Learning and Market Research;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "European Commission", + "Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Agriculture and Food Security" + ], + "Type of Document": "Systematic review or Meta-analysis", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Formal Sector" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2019" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Tina Wakolbinger", + "Ioanna Falagara Sigala" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "1900-Falag-GLO", + "Document Title": "Outsourcing of humanitarian logistics to commercial logistics service providers", + "Document Summary": "The purpose of this paper is to empirically explore the potential of outsourcing of humanitarian logistics activities to commercial logistics service providers (LSPs) throughout the different disaster phases. The authors identify incentives for initiating outsourcing of humanitarian logistics activities to commercial logistics providers, humanitarian logistics activities to be outsourced and selection criteria for partners.\nThis study is based on empirical data collected by interviewing 12 practitioners from commercial LSPs and 12 practitioners from humanitarian organizations (HOs). A review of related literature guided this research.", + "Key Findings": "The findings of this study can be summarized in four propositions. The first proposition reflects how the disaster phases affect the outsourcing decision and relates to our three research questions. We found that incentives (Why) for initiating outsourcing engagements, selection criteria of providers (How) and activities to be outsourced differ between the three disaster phases (What). This has an impact on the perspectives that HOs and LSPs have of the process of outsourcing, because of the different characteristics of humanitarian operations and needs in the different phases, for instance differences with respect to urgency of response, uncertainty of the environment and available resources (Kovács and Spens, 2007): P1. The outsourcing process of humanitarian logistics is highly affected by the disaster phases. It differs with respect to incentives to initiate outsourcing, partner selection criteria and activities to be outsourced. P2. HOs lack a strategic perspective concerning how they initiate and execute outsourcing. Many HOs are mainly adopting an ad hoc/short-term outsourcing perspective due to donor requirements and the uncertainty of humanitarian operations. P3. Many HOs lack a specific outsourcing policy. Further steps should be taken to analyze the logistics systems and set up a policy for activities to be outsourced throughout the disaster phases. The establishment of a set of selection criteria of LSPs is necessary. P4. HOs can play an mportant role in development and capacity building of local logistics providers. Hence, careful selection of and interaction with providers is necessary.", + "Key Recommendations": "Future research needs to investigate outsourcing in small HOs. Alliances of HOs may be an option as many interviewees said that they are interested in collaborating with other HOs in their effort to establish partnerships with the private sector. They believe that alliances of HOs are attractive to the private sector and can guarantee better prices. A second area for further research relates to the selection and evaluation of partners. Our results indicate that many HOs lack a systematic list of criteria when they are selecting LSPs. Future research is needed for the development of a comprehensive framework for the selection of logistics providers for HOs. In addition, HOs lack measurements to evaluate the performance of LSPs. Case studies which investigate the performance of existing outsourcing relationships are needed to develop metrics. A third area for future research relates to the role of LSPs in humanitarian operations. We investigated the willingness of LSPs to cooperate horizontally or in clusters with other commercial logistics providers in order to directly offer relief services to beneficiaries. The majority of organizations are interested in horizontal cooperation and “see the potential in direct cooperation and collaboration, but it will take a long time.” It is worth investigating, how LSPs can collaborate to offer profit-based services to HOs. In addition, since donors are increasingly willing to contract the private sector directly for the execution of humanitarian programs like cash transfers (ECHO, 2017), future research is needed that explores this partnership. Finally, further research is needed with respect to the coordination mechanism of outsourcing especially with a focus on contracts between the two sectors. Further research needs to propose a framework that will help organizations to decide the parameters to put in place to standardize contracts with LSPs. Choosing the right contract design and pricing policy plays a very important role in facilitating successful outsourcing partnerships.\nFuture research should develop analytical models that explore which types of contracts and pricing policies are appropriate for which types of situation. Game-theoretic models seem especially suited to address the underlying trade-offs.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/JHLSCM-12-2017-0073/full/html", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Transportation and Warehousing", + "Business Services" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;", + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Journal of Humanitarian Logistics and Supply Chain Management" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Humanitarian Assistance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Peer-reviewed article or other research report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "For-profit Commercial Entity" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2019" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Seong Kang", + "Dhanakorn Mulaphong", + "Eunjin Hwang", + "Chih-Kai Chang" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global", + "Regional", + "South Africa", + "Mali", + "Gabon", + "Guatemala", + "Morocco", + "Philippines", + "Argentina", + "Uruguay", + "Colombia", + "Sri Lanka", + "Malaysia", + "Mozambique", + "India", + "Bolivia", + "Senegal", + "Indonesia" + ], + "Document ID": "1900-Kang-GLO-pr", + "Document Title": "Public-private partnerships in developing countries: Factors for successful adoption and implementation", + "Document Summary": "Mounting fiscal constraints and increasing complexity of public services have led governments to search for alternative service delivery mechanisms. The public-private partnership (PPP) is one service arrangement in which the public and private sectors enter into a long-term cooperative relationship to deliver a public good or service. Despite increasing private sector participation in developing nations, there is a need for a more systematic assessment of PPPs in such countries. This paper aims to explore the factors that affect the adoption and implementation of projects in the context of developing countries.\n\nThis study employs Yang et al.’s (2013) framework to analyze factors that influenced the success of the 19 special PPP projects in several developing countries. The analysis focused on three major components building government credibility via open and transparent systems, creating favorable conditions for PPPs, maintaining political and economic stability, and creating a working market that promotes incentives for private operators to join. In addition, the analysis discussed how factors such as effective contract management, marketing strategies, public relations, and conflict management were crucial for successful PPP adoption and implementation. One limitation of this study is that further research may be required to explain the success of soft infrastructure or humanitarian projects, which do not offer immediate financial benefits. Although the success of PPP projects in developing countries might be explained by Yang et al.’s (2013) framework, future research may require other frameworks to understand better successful projects that do not provide immediate monetary benefits.\n\nAnother limitation is that the cases were not selected at random. However, the projects are spread across various areas such as public health, public utilities, public works, transportation, and water/wastewater infrastructure. This may enhance the generalizability of the results by examining how common factors apply across different contextual settings. The findings shed some implications for practitioners to successfully promote and implement PPP projects. First, the cases emphasize the importance of having open and effective management practices to promote the success of PPP projects. Second, creating new independent agencies may help run PPP projects smoothly, leading to greater efficiency and flexibility. Finally, PPPs require support from local governments, private operators, local citizens, and other community organizations. Overall, effective leadership is what ties all these factors together. Leaders are pivotal in building trust, allocating appropriate benefits among partners, developing effective lines of communication, and maintaining a favorable working environment. In addition to securing external funds and resources, leaders must know how to handle conflicts and manage relationships among stakeholders. These goals can be achieved through the efforts of public officials who can coordinate all partners to work and reap benefits together.", + "Key Findings": "The findings shed light on some implications for practitioners to successfully promote and implement PPP projects. First, the cases emphasize the importance of having open and effective management practices to promote the success of PPP projects. Second, the creation of new independent agencies may help run the PPP projects smoothly, which, in turn, can lead to greater efficiency and flexibility. Finally, PPPs require support from not only local governments or private operators but also from local citizens and other community organizations. Overall, effective leadership is what ties all these factors together. ", + "Internet URL of Document": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/IJPSM-01-2018-0001", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Energy", + "Engineering & Construction", + "Health Care", + "Transportation and Warehousing" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Efficiency and Effectiveness", + "Ability to Influence Policy" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Risk-Mitigation and Flexible Authorities", + "Reputation and Credible Convening Power" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;", + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "International Journal of Public Sector Management" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Democracy, Human Rights, & Governance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Peer-reviewed article or other research report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Formal Sector" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Global", + "Africa", + "Asia", + "Latin America and the Carribean" + ], + "Year": "2019" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Kathleen Auth", + "Sasha Kapadia" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "1900-KAPAD-GLO", + "Document Title": "2019 Year in Review", + "Document Summary": "The Smart Communities Coalition (SCC) seeks to improve the delivery of essential services to forcibly displaced individuals and host community members through enhanced coordination between public and private entities and strategic implementation of technology. SCC efforts will focus on three foundational pillars — energy, connectivity and digital tools. This annual report documents the SCC's work throughout 2019.", + "Key Findings": "Throughout 2019, the SCC has placed increasing importance on more frequent structured engagements for members. This includes quarterly, in-person member meetings in Kenya and Uganda and regular, thematic “Pillar Calls”, allowing for opportunities to identify and strengthen collaborations and enable deep technical learning. These engagements have fostered new bilateral collaborations between members who highlight the role of SCC in creating these linkages.", + "Key Recommendations": "On World Refugee Day, the SCC published a blog that outlined our approach to date: narrow the scope; understand needs, identify gaps; implement. In order to make good on the promise that the SCC can facilitate effective collaboration among the public and private sectors to improve the delivery of vital services and enable better outcomes for the forcibly displaced and their host communities, 2020 must be the year of implementation. We are counting on you to poke and prod us to stay resolutely focused on action, and we will count on you to act. Together we can show that change – in the way we work, in the way we address needs, in the way we measure success – is possible.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.mastercard.us/content/dam/public/mastercardcom/na/us/en/documents/scc-2019-year-in-review-final.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Technology", + "Business Services", + "Energy" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Smart Communities Coalition" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Humanitarian Assistance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "For-profit Commercial Entity", + "Business Association or Cooperative", + "Micro, Small, or Medium Enterprise", + "American Business", + "Multi-national Business" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2019" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Neema Kavishe", + "Nicholas Chileshe", + "Ian Jefferson" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Tanzania", + "India", + "Malaysia", + "Thailand", + "Nigeria", + "Ghana", + "China", + "Indonesia", + "South Africa", + "Kenya", + "Uganda" + ], + "Document ID": "1900-Kavis-TZA-pr", + "Document Title": "Public–private partnerships in Tanzanian affordable housing schemes", + "Document Summary": "This paper aims to identify and rank policy and regulatory framework factors and inherent pitfalls in delivering Tanzanian public-private partnerships (PPPs) affordable housing schemes. The strength of interactions between pitfalls is established, with practical solution proposals offered. The study used a questionnaire survey and interviews to investigate the influencing policy, regulatory framework factors, and pitfalls that hinder the delivery of successful PPP projects within Tanzanian AHSs. In addition, this study also proposed practical solutions to these pitfalls. The overall results show “current PPP policy and guidelines require further improvement” as the highest-ranked policy and regulatory factor. In contrast, “poor planning skills and analytical capacity in formulating affordable housing proposals,” “high costs of building materials,”; and “inadequate access to housing finance” are the top three pitfalls for PPP project delivery in Tanzania. The interview results show “high costs of building materials,”; “lack of government subsidies,”; and “inadequate housing finance” as the highly cited pitfalls. Relative to the practical solutions, these were drawn from categories related to “training,” “financial,” “project management,”; and “PPP-enabling environments.”", + "Key Findings": "Results show that “current PPP policy and guidelines need further improvement” and “Tanzania has a PPP policy and clear regulatory framework” were rated higher as policy and regulatory factors. In contrast, “poor planning skills and analytical capacity”, “high cost of building materials” and “inadequate access to housing finance” were the critical pitfalls. Most practical solutions were broadly financial in nature, or related to training, project management or PPP-enabling environment.", + "Key Recommendations": "The study findings reinforce the need for practical solutions tailored to local or host environment contexts.", + "Internet URL of Document": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/BEPAM-01-2018-0010", + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Ability to Influence Policy" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Built Environment Project and Asset Management" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Economic Growth", + "Democracy, Human Rights, & Governance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Peer-reviewed article or other research report", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa", + "Asia" + ], + "Year": "2019" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Rajib Shaw", + "Aleksandrina V. Mavrodieva" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Indonesia", + "Philippines", + "Japan", + "Nepal" + ], + "Document ID": "1900-MAVRO-MLT", + "Document Title": "Enabling Private Sector Engagement in Disaster Resilience in South and East Asia", + "Document Summary": "Businesses are closely related with communities not only as providers of goods but also as job market creators. The timely and efficient recovery of business operations is crucial for serving the basic needs of disaster‐stricken communities and the continuation of daily life activities, thus speeding up the return to “normalcy.” The majority of private business is still unaware of the possibilities, opportunities, and advantages of engaging in disaster risk reduction (DRR)‐related initiatives. The current paper argues that information sharing, access to funding, adequate and easy‐to‐understand and to follow rules and regulations, and functioning public institutions with designated coordinating bodies need to be in place to enable this process. This study concludes that coordinated, tailored, continuous efforts by both businesses and the public sector, supported by international organizations, will be needed to tackle the complex web of disaster challenges now and in the decades to follow. The paper will focus on East and South Asia as some of the most disaster‐prone regions in the world, without comparing the success rate between the individual countries. It is, instead, intended as a perspective paper, aiming to provide a broad regional overview of some of the challenges and opportunities in engaging the private sector in disaster management, and to present some high‐level policy suggestions on how to better address the existing issues.", + "Key Findings": "Businesses are closely related with communities not only as providers of goods but also as job market creators. The timely and efficient recovery of business operations is crucial for serving the basic needs of disaster‐stricken communities and the continuation of daily life activities, thus speeding up the return to “normalcy.” The majority of private business is still unaware of the possibilities, opportunities, and advantages of engaging in disaster risk reduction (DRR)‐related initiatives. The current paper argues that information sharing, access to funding, adequate and easy‐to‐understand and to follow rules and regulations, and functioning public institutions with designated coordinating bodies need to be in place to enable this process. This study concludes that coordinated, tailored, continuous efforts by both businesses and the public sector, supported by international organizations, will be needed to tackle the complex web of disaster challenges now and in the decades to follow. The paper will focus on East and South Asia as some of the most disaster‐prone regions in the world, without comparing the success rate between the individual countries. It is, instead, intended as a perspective paper, aiming to provide a broad regional overview of some of the challenges and opportunities in engaging the private sector in disaster management, and to present some high‐level policy suggestions on how to better address the existing issues.", + "Key Recommendations": "For any government to be able to coordinate and engage private sector effectively there is a need for a clear vision and strategy with defined goals and assessment metrics. The government should be able to identify public and private stakeholders who an share leadership and pinpoint common issues among partners an suggest possibilities for common projects to tackle those issues. ", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/rhc3.12175", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Health Care", + "Transportation and Warehousing", + "Telecommunications", + "Other", + "Energy" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships", + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment", + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Policy Studies Organization (PSO)" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Humanitarian Assistance" + ], + "Type of Document": "White Paper/Think Tank Report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Micro, Small, or Medium Enterprise", + "Local Business", + "Financial Institution, Investors, and Intermediaries" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Asia" + ], + "Year": "2019" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Andres R. Negro", + "Ronald Mesia" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Peru" + ], + "Document ID": "1900-Negro-PER-pr", + "Document Title": "Organization and Society: Understanding Corporate Social Responsibility and The Inclusive Business in The Peruvian Business Environment", + "Document Summary": "The concepts and terminologies that link the efforts of companies and society for poverty reduction are increasingly numerous and lend themselves to confusion, both conceptually and in their practical business applications. Terms such as inclusive innovation, inclusive business, corporate social responsibility, sustainability, and third sector-social enterprise, all, in essence, have some link between the vision of a business and its contribution to society through its management model. But in practice, that linkage does not mean that they have the same approach and objective. The abundance of terms makes it difficult to create more dynamic progress toward the common goals established by the United Nations at the World Economic Forum in Davos (1999). These goals emphasize the relevance of collaborative contributions from the business sector for the preservation of social 'values and global economic progress, as well as sustainable global development. In this work, our objective is to clarify two concepts of business management-corporate social responsibility and inclusive business-in the Peruvian Business Environment. This research is intended to generate clarity for future research that seeks to strengthen the link between business and society in Peru. We present, as an introductory framework, a brief review of scenarios related to world poverty, and, poverty in Peru.", + "Key Findings": "The primary conclusion of this article is that both corporate social responsibility and inclusive business often generate short term positive reputation which is intangible profits for companies. For this reason, companies tend to consider them as marketing tools instead of striving to develop and implement such programs on a larger scale.", + "Key Recommendations": "Increased awareness will help business leaders incorporate within their entrepreneurial mindset the need to forge a close relationship between financial and social profitability as a possible market link. This objective will be achieved based on well-defined concepts, their dissemination, and their replication at the same level when new challenges or strategies are met within the business of an organization.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://search.proquest.com/docview/2307083276?pq-origsite=gscholar&fromopenview=true", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, and Hunting" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Alicorp" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge", + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Journal of Applied Business and Economics" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "Peer-reviewed article or other research report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Formal Sector", + "For-profit Commercial Entity", + "Local Business" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Latin America and the Carribean" + ], + "Year": "2019" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Emma Richardson", + "Emma Hughes", + "Sharon McLennan", + "Litea Meo-Sewabu" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Papua New Guinea", + "Fiji" + ], + "Document ID": "1900-Richa-MLT-pr", + "Document Title": "Indigenous Well-Being and Development: Connections to Large-Scale Mining and Tourism in the Pacific", + "Document Summary": "This article explores the nature of the connections between well-being, development, international capital, and implications for private sector-led development in these communities. It first situates the study in the context of the literature on well-being and development before outlining conceptions of well-being in the case study areas. These ideas are then examined in the context of the presence of international capital, allowing for reflection on the ways in which communities’ perceptions of well-being intersect with private-sector development intervention.\n\nThe paper argues although multinational operations have the potential to benefit communities in the Pacific, they can also disrupt local values and principles and lead to more individualized practices. This ultimately has negative impacts on community well-being. This article illustrates two specific cases, highlighting the disjuncture between indigenous perceptions of the good life in Fiji and Papua New Guinea and experiences of “development” associated with large-scale mining and tourism operations. The gap between the aspirations for community well-being, development, and fulfillment is the space where opportunities exist to advance meaningful forms of development. How can this be achieved? The authors believe that if multinational companies genuinely seek to support locally meaningful forms of human development, they must find points of connection with indigenous values of well-being and development. The authors argue that recognizing the value of the collective good to indigenous communities must be a vital component of any community development intervention. After all, at the core of notions of collective well-being in the Pacific is the ability to work together for the common good, share burdens, and share responsibilities and benefits. ", + "Key Findings": "Although multinational operations have the potential to benefit communities in the Pacific, they can also disrupt local values and principles and lead to more individualized practices, ultimately having negative impacts on community well-being. This article illustrates two specific cases of this, highlighting the disjunctures between indigenous perceptions of the good life in Fiji and Papua New Guinea and experiences of “development” associated with large-scale mining and tourism operations. Yet the gap between the aspirations for community well-being and development and their fulfillment is also the space where opportunities exist to advance meaningful forms of development.", + "Key Recommendations": "We believe that if multinational companies genuinely seek to support locally meaningful forms of human development, they must find points of connection with indigenous values of well-being and development.\n\nWe argue that recognizing the value of the collective good to indigenous communities must be a key component of any form of community development intervention.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://doi.org/10.1353/cp.2019.0004", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Mining & Extractives", + "Hospitality/Tourism" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "The Contemporary Pacific" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Youth" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Environment/Climate Change", + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "Peer-reviewed article or other research report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Multi-national Business", + "For-profit Commercial Entity", + "For-profit approach that generates sustainable income", + "Formal Sector", + "Local Business" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Asia" + ], + "Year": "2019" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Ana Maria Ruiz Rivadeneira", + "Juan Garin" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Kazakhstan" + ], + "Document ID": "1900-Rivad-KAZ-pr", + "Document Title": "Public Private Partnerships Review of Kazakhstan", + "Document Summary": "This article captures the review findings of OECD Public-Private Partnerships (PPP) under the auspices of the OECD Network of Senior PPP and Infrastructure Officials and at the request of the country under consideration. Through a comparison with best country practices, this review provides an overview of the country’s reform efforts, assesses the main achievements and remaining challenges, and identifies how to move the reform agenda forward.\n\nThe article sheds light on Kazakhstan’s well-structured legal and institutional framework for preparing Public Private Partnerships (PPPs) at national and regional levels. The legal framework comprises a Concessions Law adopted in 2006 and a PPP Law adopted in 2015. The PPP Law provides a very expansive definition of PPPs encompassing various contractual arrangements, including service contracts, trust management, and IT outsourcing contracts. Institutions have been created to support PPP project preparation and review at national and regional levels.\n\nThe article highlights that the Kazakhstan Project Preparation Fund supports line ministries and regions for commissioning studies (design, feasibility) and preparing project documentation (tender documents and contracts). The Kazakhstan PPP Centre, reporting to the Ministry of National Economy (MNE), performs as a center of expertise on PPPs supporting the development of PPP policy and legislation, developing guidelines and methodologies, and assessing the economic efficiency and budget affordability of PPP projects proposed by line ministries. Further, several line ministries have created their own PPP units for developing PPP projects. This structure has been mirrored at the regional level, with most regional governments establishing separate units responsible for preparing and assessing PPPs. In response to the slow progress in developing PPPs at the national level, the government is introducing changes to the PPP law aimed at streamlining the PPP review process by reducing the number of review steps from two to one. However, it is not clear that loosening the project review process will address the core of the problem, which has to do with how risks are allocated between the state and the private sector. ", + "Key Findings": "Kazakhstan has put in place a well-structured legal and institutional framework for preparing Public Private Partnerships (PPPs) at both the national and regional levels. The government has prioritised PPPs as a delivery mode for both economic and social infrastructure. The central emphasis on PPPs had a strong impact at the regional level with a large number of relatively small projects signed in the past years. At the national level the impact has been modest mostly due to financing challenges. In terms of priority areas for reform, the report outlines capacity building (particularly during the project preparation phase), the need to promote quality over quantity of PPPs, strengthening the methods used to guide the choice of delivery mode, and transparency and accounting of contingent liabilities", + "Key Recommendations": "1. Strengthen central government support for PPP preparation and monitoring at the regional level.\n2. Ensure coherence between the PPP Law and other relevant legislation.\n3. Adopt sector standards for PPPs.\n4. Reform the domestic financial system so that it becomes a more effective partner for infrastructure development.\n5. Demonstrate long-term commitment to private financing.\n6. Ensure project documentation matches international standards.\n7. Leverage public resources to mobilise private financing. \n8. Strengthen partnerships with MDBs.\n9. Develop a clear policy and limits on guarantees for PPPs.\n10. Strengthen central government support for PPP preparation and monitoring at the regional level.\n11. Maintain the rigour of the current gateway process while simplifying the analytical requirements for smaller projects\n12. Develop clear guidance and transparent criteria for prioritising all infrastructure projects, including PPPs and concessions\n13. Develop clear guidance and transparent criteria for prioritising all infrastructure projects, including PPPs and concessions.\n14. Ensure that the choice of delivery mode is grounded in value for money analysis rather than budget expediency.\n15. Expand data collection on PPPs.\n16. Assign responsibilities and allocate resources for conducting independent ex post evaluations.\n17. Kazakhstan could improve transparency of PPP procurement process.\n18. Kazakhstan could develop additional tools to improve the way PPPs are treated in the budget process.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://doi.org/10.1787/f7696c94-en", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Financial Services", + "Energy", + "Health Care", + "Educational Services", + "Engineering & Construction" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "EBRD" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Efficiency and Effectiveness", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments", + "Risk-Mitigation and Flexible Authorities" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;", + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "OECD Journal on Budgeting" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "Peer-reviewed article or other research report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Financial Institution, Investors, and Intermediaries", + "For-profit Commercial Entity", + "Formal Sector" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Europe and Eurasia" + ], + "Year": "2019" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "UNDP Connecting Business Initiative (CBI)" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Madagascar", + "Kenya", + "Turkey", + "Philippines", + "Côte d’Ivoire", + "Mexico", + "Haiti", + "Vanuatu", + "Sri Lanka", + "Fiji", + "Bahamas", + "Colombia", + "Ecuador", + "Burma", + "Nigeria", + "Vietnam", + "Yemen" + ], + "Document ID": "1900-UNDP-GLO", + "Document Title": "Connecting Business Initiative: Progress Report 2019", + "Document Summary": "CBi Progress Report 2019 provides an overview of the achievements of CBi in 2019 as well as the results of the CBi Annual Survey.\n\nSome highlights of 2019 achievements include:\n\n19 business networks were engaged and supported by the CBi Secretariat;\n9 CBi Member Networks and their partners addressed a total of 31 crises;\nCBi Member Networks organized 93 local events and trainings in 2019;\nOver 35 million people were reached through media coverage", + "Key Findings": "To assess the initiative’s value proposition, collect feedback on performance and solicit suggestions on priority areas, CBi conducts an annual survey among its Member Networks. In 2019 again, the results were encouraging across all areas, indicating that CBi is valued by its key stakeholders and provides much-needed humanitarian support.\n\n- 100% believe that CBi is positively influencing its Member Networks’ efforts to address disaster management (73% strongly influenced, 27% moderately influenced)\n- 80% believe that CBi helps them connect and coordinate well or very well with actors in disaster management.\n- Over 80% of the Member Networks find that CBi is very successful at providing opportunities for peer-to-peer learning.\n- Over 90% of the Member Networks said CBi successfully raised awareness of and advocated for the role of the private sector in disaster management.", + "Key Recommendations": "Moving towards more resilient and sustainable approaches requires CBi and its partners to increasingly consider: strengthening local actors to implement disaster management; addressing climate change-related hazards; leveraging innovation and new technologies; using predictive analytics and anticipatory approaches to better prepare for crises; shifting towards prevention and addressing root causes, particularly in the context of manmade disasters; ensuring that no one is left behind, including women who are often more adversely affected by disasters. ", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://reliefweb.int/report/world/connecting-business-initiative-progress-report-2019", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Telecommunications", + "Media", + "Financial Services", + "Transportation and Warehousing", + "Engineering & Construction" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;", + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "OCHA" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Humanitarian Assistance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Financial Institution, Investors, and Intermediaries", + "Local Business", + "Micro, Small, or Medium Enterprise", + "Business Association or Cooperative" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2019" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "The UPS Foundation" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "1900-UPS-MLT", + "Document Title": "2019 UPS Humanitarian Relief & Resilience Program", + "Document Summary": "This is a social impact report from the UPS Foundation for their 2019 Humanitarian Relief & Resilience Program.", + "Key Findings": "In 2019, UPS' Humanitarian Relief & Resilience Program supported 28 global disasters and crisis and provided $6.5 million via in-kind support.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://about.ups.com/content/dam/upsstories/assets/reporting/2019-UPS-Humanitarian-Relief-and-Resilience-Program.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Other" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Johnson and Johnson", + "The UPS Foundation" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "The UPS Foundation" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Humanitarian Assistance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "For-profit Commercial Entity", + "Formal Sector", + "Corporate Foundation" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2019" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Lope Calanog", + "Luis Eleazar", + "Diomedes Racelis", + "Imelda Pagtolun-an", + "Lourdes Margarita Caballero" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Philippines" + ], + "Document ID": "1901-Calan-PHL", + "Document Title": "Final Performance Evaluation: USAID/Philippines' Biodiversity and Watersheds Improved for Stronger Economy and Ecosystems Resilience Project", + "Document Summary": "Prepared independently by Pacific Rim Innovation and Management Exponents, Inc. and produced at the request of the United States Agency for International Development, this document is a Final Performance Evaluation USAID/Philippines’ Biodiversity and Watersheds Improved for Stronger Economy and Ecosystems Resilience (B+WISER ) Project. The USAID commissioned Pacific Rim Innovation and Management Exponents, Inc. (PRIMEX) to conduct the Final Performance Evaluation (FPE) of B+WISER with two main objectives, namely: (i) to assess program performance in terms of (a) expected results, as defined in the Program Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) Plan; and (b) factors that either enhanced or diminished the achievement of the expected results; and (ii) to verify the lessons reported by B+WISER by providing a third party, an independent assessment from a learning review conducted by the B+WISER IP. The report directly links these two objectives to USAID’s evaluation policy to demonstrate program results and systematically generate evidence from data collected to promote learning, inform decisions, and ensure accountability.\n\nThe FPE Team employed a mix of qualitative and quantitative research methods, including desk review of relevant B+WISER documents (e.g., Annual Work Plans and Progress Reports, including unique and technical reports and forest patrol data), focus group discussions (FGDs), key informant interviews (KIIs), and direct observations (DOs). The use of external validity in data analysis provided evidence of the applicability of B+WISER strategies and lessons learned in different places or sites. However, the generalization of the findings to all the 17 regions, in the case of Lawin Forest and Biodiversity Protection System (LAWIN) institutionalization, or to the original seven sites, in the case of all strategies, were largely dependent on the existence of enabling conditions like issuance of the necessary policy, provision of user manuals, training on LAWIN, and establishment of data management centers.", + "Key Findings": "Overall, B+WISER either achieved or exceeded its performance targets and successfully assisted in the setting up of LAWIN within DENR\n\nWith LAWIN, B+WISER created a large pool of trained DENR personnel and people belonging to LGUs and community groups.\n\nB+WISER also raised the level of community awareness of, and participation in, the importance of patrol efforts not only in restoring forest regeneration and sustaining natural sources of living (e.g., clean water supply and air quality, food supply, etc.), but also in generating livelihood opportunities (e.g., ecotourism\nactivities).\n\nApplying all six strategies, B+WISER achieved the expected results, with the full commitment and support of the DENR leadership.", + "Key Recommendations": "For DENR to strengthen LAWIN, it has to:\n regularize the LAWIN Command Center within DENR with personnel and funding complement;\n expand the indicators in assessing and monitoring forest protection and biodiversity conservation;\n design and implement field validation sites for more accurate and reliable estimates of improvements in patrol activities, forest regeneration, GHG emission, and biodiversity conservation;\n improve data integrity with real-time data transmission from patrol teams to the Command Center;\n roll out the PES scheme to support LAWIN implementation;\n increase participation of LGUs in LAWIN; and\n mobilize state universities and colleges for IEC and M&E of LAWIN implementation.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.globalwaters.org/sites/default/files/philippines-b-wiser-evaluation.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Energy" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "EDC", + "Hedcor", + "Aboitiz" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Environment/Climate Change" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "For-profit approach that generates sustainable income", + "Regional Business" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Asia" + ], + "Year": "2019" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Sean Callahan", + "Nelson Gitonga", + "Micah Sorum" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Afghanistan", + "Ethiopia", + "Nicaragua", + "Jordan", + "Philippines", + "Malaysia", + "Malawi" + ], + "Document ID": "1901-Calla-GLO", + "Document Title": "Stewarding the Private Sector for Family Planning", + "Document Summary": "This paper highlights examples of successful efforts by public stewards to engage the private health sector in policy and strategy development, regulation, and supervision. The paper deals with these three interrelated stewardship functions based on these examples. Accordingly, policies and strategies create an overarching framework for the functioning of the health system. Strategies lay out the vision and goals for what governments want to achieve, while policies specify the high-level principles under which they will act. Regulations operationalize those frameworks, providing specific guidelines for what public and private actors can and cannot do. Supervision encourages actors to adhere to those regulations. While there are other tools that stewards can employ, these three functions help private providers understand how they are supposed to operate and support providers to act in those ways. The detail of this paper provides a general overview of these functions, discusses how they are adapted to address family planning concerns, and illustrates key concepts with positive country experiences.\n\nTo be effective stewards, the paper emphasizes that governments must take a more proactive role in establishing a clear vision for how a health system will achieve family planning results. Private providers need to know what is expected of them and understand how those expectations will affect their business operations. To that end, government stewards should first and foremost promote a stable policy environment conducive to private sector involvement. This includes: i) Articulating medium- and longer-term family planning goals and objectives that include the private sector; ii) Defining clearly the roles of public and private actors at all levels of the health system to deliver family planning information, products, and services; iii) Developing policies and strategies that include the full range of provider types and cadres and the full range of family planning services to promote access to the full range of modern methods; and iv) Identifying the regulations and institutional arrangements needed for the public and private sector to work together to achieve the stated family planning goals. \n\nFinally, public stewardship is easier with a private sector that is organized. An organized private sector can better participate in policy and strategy formulation. It can help disseminate information about regulations throughout the sector. Also, it can develop and implement self-regulation mechanisms that reach beyond the areas where stewards have formal authority. However, in many countries, private providers are heavily fragmented. They lack information about how and where to organize. As stewards seek to better use the private sector for family planning, they can help the private sector to build coalitions and partnerships. By considering all these factors, government stewards can design and implement systems that better engage the private sector for improved family planning outcomes.", + "Key Recommendations": "Government stewards should first and foremost promote a stable policy environment that is conducive to private sector involvement. This includes:\n• Articulating medium- and longer-term family planning goals and objectives that include the private sector;\n• Defining clearly the roles of public and private actors at all levels of the health system to deliver family planning information, products, and services;\n• Developing policies and strategies that include the full range of provider types and cadres and the full range of family planning services to promote access to the full range of modern methods; and\n• Identifying the regulations and institutional arrangements needed for the public and private sector to work together to achieve the stated family planning goals.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://shopsplusproject.org/resource-center/stewarding-private-sector-family-planning ", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Health Care" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Efficiency and Effectiveness", + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments", + "Reputation and Credible Convening Power" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID", + "SHOPS Plus" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Health", + "Democracy, Human Rights, & Governance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2019" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Katia De Pinho Campos", + "Joanna E. Cohen", + "Denise Gastaldo", + "Alejandro R. Jadad" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "1901-Campo-GLO-pr", + "Document Title": "Public‐private partnership (PPP) development: Toward building a PPP framework for healthy eating", + "Document Summary": "Public‐private partnerships (PPPs) in public health have gained great attention in the global health literature over the last two decades. Evidence suggests that PPPs could contribute to mitigating complex health problems. There is, however, limited knowledge about the process and specific conditions in which PPPs for healthy eating, in particular, can be developed successfully. To address this gap, this article first summarizes the literature and then uses qualitative content analysis to identify factors deemed to influence the process of building PPPs for healthy eating. \n\nThis review has shown a scarcity of original studies examining empirical PPPs for public health, including healthy eating, and uncovered some research gaps. Studies to understand the underlying dynamics that influence the formation of PPPs in public health were not found. Most studies aimed to inform the context of the process for successful PPPs. However, success in the context of these PPPs was neither defined nor studied, perhaps due to a lack of sufficient time to develop, implement, and assess the impact of PPPs on public health. Experts argue, however, that PPPs for public health are context‐specific and that no single model exists. Furthermore, PPPs for public health does not represent a simple intervention that can be developed in a controlled environment for the sole purpose of investigation. Numerous ethical aspects embedded in the creation of PPPs may hinder any attempt to develop one. This might explain the limited empirical research conducted in the field. The lack of research guiding the formation of PPPs in public health, particularly for healthy eating, suggests the need to understand better the factors influencing the process of building PPPs. \n\nThis review provides a foundation for further research on developing and empirically testing a framework that can guide governments in building PPPs for healthy eating. Many governments are striving to address complex public health problems such as obesity prevention and diet‐related chronic diseases. However, intense market pressures are working against governments trying to respond to those health problems, compounded by great financial constraints and a market‐based economy, in which the central tenet of the government tends to be economic growth. An empirically based theory‐driven framework that explores, from a public health perspective, the stages for building PPPs and their influencing factors is thus urgently needed to guide governments in their response to obesity prevention.", + "Key Findings": "Public‐private partnerships (PPPs) in public health have gained great attention in the global health literature over the last two decades. Evidence suggests that PPPs could contribute to mitigating complex health problems. There is, however, limited knowledge about the process and specific conditions in which PPPs for healthy eating, in particular, can be developed successfully. To address this gap, this article first summarizes the literature, and second, using qualitative content analysis, identifies factors deemed to influence the process of building PPPs for healthy eating. The literature search was undertaken in two stages. The first stage focused on PPPs in public health to understand what constitutes a PPP, and the types and characteristics of PPPs. The second stage sought empirical examples and conceptual papers related to PPPs for healthy eating to identify critical elements that could facilitate or hinder partnerships between the government and the food industry. The search yielded 38 articles on PPPs in public health and 20 on PPPs for healthy eating. The analysis generated 23 individual elements that have the potential to influence a successful process of building PPPs for healthy eating (eg, endorsement from an individual champion, equal representation from partner organizations on board committees). The analysis also yielded five factors that appeared to well represent the 23 individual elements of PPP formation: motivation, enablers, governance, benefits, and barriers. These results constitute an important step to understand critical factors involved in the formation of PPPs in public health and should inform additional empirical research to validate them.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://doi.org/10.1002/hpm.2714", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Pharmaceuticals", + "Food & Beverage", + "Educational Services" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "GlaxoSmithKline (GSK)", + "Serum Institute of India", + "Merck & Co., Inc.", + "Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities", + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "The International Journal of Health Planning and Management" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Health" + ], + "Type of Document": "Peer-reviewed article or other research report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Formal Sector", + "For-profit Commercial Entity", + "Large Enterprise", + "Multi-national Business", + "American Business", + "Corporate Foundation" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2019" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Maria Ciurea" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Romania", + "Regional" + ], + "Document ID": "1901-Ciure-ROU-pr", + "Document Title": "The Public-Private Partnership in Romania -Theoretical Approaches", + "Document Summary": "Along with the new challenges in the process of adapting to the market economy, targeting the demand and supply law, the competition law, and the process of Romania’s integration into the European Union, the rehabilitation of transport infrastructure, water supply, waste recycling, environmental protection, monitoring state aids, ensuring a loyal and predictable business environment, are the main reasons for using the public-private partnership as a way of working together between the public sector, the initiator of public utility projects, and the private sector, the fund holder and the executive management. Increasing the availability of the private sector to take on a range of responsibilities and risks, as well as the public sector to privatize public utility services, has resulted in the multiplication of efforts to introduce the concept of public-private partnership to achieve economic and social objectives and projects from Romania.\n\nOver time, the concept of public-private partnership has been the subject of legislative regulations in the Member States of the European Union and Romania. They have recently adopted a new normative act on this type of partnership, which constitutes an objective of the Governance Program over the period 2018-2020 on the objectives of economic growth and strengthening fiscal-budgetary sustainability by significantly increasing the budget-financed investments or by accelerating the absorption of the European funds and by stimulating private investment. Given the above-mentioned aspects, this paper addresses the theoretical issues of the public-private partnership and, from the investigations carried out, highlights the advantages and the limits of a partnership of this kind, but also the main categories of institutions that are most effective in realizing of such partnerships with significant benefits for the entire national economy.\n", + "Key Findings": "Along with the new challenges in the process of adapting to the market economy, targeting the demand and supply law, the competition law and the process of Romania's integration into the European Union, the rehabilitation of transport infrastructure, water supply, waste recycling, environmental protection, monitoring state aids, ensuring a loyal and predictable business environment, are the main reasons for using public-private partnership as a way of working together between the public sector, the initiator of public utility projects and the private sector, the fund holder and the executive management. Increasing the availability of the private sector to take on a range of responsibilities and risks as well as the public sector to privatize public utility services has resulted in the multiplication of efforts to introduce the concept of public-private partnership to achieve economic and social objectives and projects from Romania. Over time, the concept of public-private partnership has been the subject of legislative regulations both in the Member States of the European Union and in Romania, which recently adopted a new normative act on this type of partnership and which constitutes a objective of the Governance Program over the period 2018-2020 on the objectives of economic growth and strengthening fiscal-budgetary sustainability by significantly increasing the budget-financed investments or by accelerating the absorption of the European funds and by stimulating private investment. In view of the above-mentioned aspects, we propose that through this paper we address the theoretical issues of the public-private partnership and from the investigations carried out to highlight the advantages and the limits of a partnership of this kind, but also the main categories of institutions that are most effective in realizing of such partnerships with major benefits for the entire national economy.", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Energy", + "Other", + "Mining & Extractives", + "Telecommunications" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Efficiency and Effectiveness", + "Ability to Influence Policy", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities", + "Flexibility and Pace" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Risk-Mitigation and Flexible Authorities" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;", + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Romanian Society for Quality Assurance" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "Peer-reviewed article or other research report", + "USAID Region": [ + "Europe and Eurasia" + ], + "Year": "2019" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Compete Project Staff" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Israel" + ], + "Document ID": "1901-Compe-MLT", + "Document Title": "Compete Project Final Report", + "Document Summary": "Prepared by DAI for review by the United States Agency for International Development, this document is a final report for the USAID-funded Enterprise Development for Global Competitiveness (EDGC) (Compete) program. Since 2012, this flagship USAID project has weathered political uncertainty and violence to consistently and effectively support the transformation of targeted sectors within the Palestinian economy into globally competitive industries. Beyond achieving — and, in many cases, exceeding — its contractually mandated targets, USAID/Compete has, through its innovative approach to implementation, developed a new model for building the sustainable capacity of firms in both the West Bank and Gaza, providing tailored solutions that have addressed critical impediments to competitiveness.\n\nThroughout, the project team worked hand-in-hand with local partners and targeted beneficiaries with the potential for growth and export, delivering a broad range of assistance across four key industries in the West Bank (WB): agriculture, information, and communications technology (ICT), tourism, and stone and marble. In Gaza, the project delivered a broad range of assistance across four key industries: agriculture, fishing, ICT, and textile and garment. Initial assistance to selected firms in Gaza’s tourism and furniture industries was halted after it became evident that these sectors were not economically feasible.\n\nTo tie together the project’s strategic principles, interventions, and partnerships, Compete developed a results framework as a planning, communications, and management tool, providing a foundation for work planning and performance monitoring. This conveyed the development hypothesis implicit in the program’s goal and objectives and the cause-effect relationships among key results areas, intermediate results, and objectives. Compete also developed a communications strategy to reflect several important objectives for its programming in both territories to capture and communicate the project’s initiatives and impact on the sectoral level in the WB and Gaza. Additionally, the communications role was to ensure that all activities, publications, and events were properly branded and marked according to USAID policies.", + "Key Findings": "All told, more than 1,797 firms received assistance — 1,381 in the WB and 416 in Gaza. Combined, these firms:\n● Increased sales by $383 million, with $308 million of that amount generated in the WB and $75 million generated in Gaza.\n● Increased exports by $254 million, with $223 million of that amount generated in the WB and $31 million generated in Gaza.\n● Created 6,932 jobs, with 5,438 of those generated in the WB and 1,494 generated in Gaza.\n● Leveraged $105 million in private-sector investment, with $97.6 million of that amount invested in the WB and $7.5 million invested in Gaza.\n● Introduced new technologies to 3,320 hectares, with 2,890 hectares of that land in the WB and 430 hectares of it in Gaza.", + "Key Recommendations": "Continue with an integrated approach to workforce development. \n\nHelp generate more timely, accurate, and informative trade data.\n\nProvide consistent protection and space for projects to operate apolitically in the West Bank and Gaza.\n\nContinue to support and monitor the technology-focused approach to ICT and the partnership between NI and PPU.\n\nOperate private sector-focused projects like a business.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00TK4W.pdf", + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Middle East" + ], + "Year": "2019" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Deloitte" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "1901-Deloi-GLO", + "Document Title": "Mobilizing Private Finance for Development: A Comprehensive Introduction ", + "Document Summary": "Published by USAID and Delloite, this document is a guiding document that intends to serve as an overview for development professionals at USAID and elsewhere who wish to learn more about how to mobilize private capital and engage with private enterprises to accomplish development objectives. It has been written to accompany the “Mobilizing Financing for Development” course offered by USAID’s Office of Private Capital and Microenterprise (PCM) and Deloitte. Still, it can equally serve as a stand-alone introduction to this timely topic.\n\nChapter One of this document addresses the questions: “what is finance?” and “why does finance matter for development?.” It introduces financial sector actors and instruments and how they relate to the different financing needs of households, businesses, and governments. Chapter Two explores the constraints that impede finance and hinder investment in developing countries. It outlines a range of interventions that development agencies can use to mitigate these constraints. Chapter Three suggests an approach to deciding which interventions to undertake and how to incorporate them into programming. It advocates for the use of ‘pay-for-results’ in programming, as well as new approaches to engaging non-traditional partners. Chapter Four provides a deeper dive into the field of finance. It provides a guide to understanding the leading financial accounting statements and an overview of key finance concepts.\n\nThis Guide and the Mobilizing Finance for Development course are intended to help development practitioners transition from the traditional model of funding development (through grants and contracts) to a new model of engaging with private enterprises and leveraging private capital to conquer development challenges. The focus is on facilitating the financing needed for personal enterprise-led development – from a systemic perspective (easing access to finance broadly) and a transactional perspective (catalyzing specific transactions).\n", + "Key Findings": "Numerous successes are testimony to USAID’s ability to mobilize private (non-public) financing to support development. \nThis allowed USAID to leverage our limited development dollars with vastly more abundant private dollars to accomplish more. Research by Deloitte and others shows that across the world, private enterprise is finding more and more ways of profitably serving the poor. \nEngaging the power of private enterprise in development – supporting responsible spending of Agency resources for sustainable outcomes – is becoming an essential capability for development agencies.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.usaid.gov/sites/default/files/2022-05/MFD_Comprehensive_Introduction.pdf", + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Reputation and Credible Convening Power" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2019" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Sarah Henly-Shepard", + "Eliot Levine", + "Arzu Culhaci", + "Nyoman Prayoga", + "Chet Tamang" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Indonesia", + "Timor-Leste", + "Nepal", + "Bangladesh" + ], + "Document ID": "1901-Henly-MLT", + "Document Title": "Resilience in Action Technical Brief: Climate & Ecosystem-Inclusive Disaster Risk Reduction", + "Document Summary": "This action brief report has offered a new Framework, which is framed as an Adapted Framework: Climate & Ecosystems-Inclusive Disaster Risk Reduction Approach to Building Resilience, three CEDRR case studies, and example best practices for applying CEDRR to inform and shift how we design to manage development and humanitarian programs and policies adaptively. This process cultivates the tenets necessary for integrating CEDRR to build resilience and improve development gains over time and scales. The framework illustrated above highlights opportunities for integration of CEDRR tools and processes into program assessment, design, and adaptive management to foster risk reduction, build resilience to threats and achieve development outcomes. When this framework is operationalized, it offers guidance on critical focal points for various assessment, design, and adaptive management tools to better understand and address CEDRR in support of building resilience. The framework enables practitioners to understand vulnerabilities, system dynamics, shocks comprehensively, and stresses through program scoping, assessment, and design activities to inform CEDRR interventions for adaptive management. \n\nThe report has offered three cases: i) Building Resilience through Transboundary CEDRR Coordination, Indonesia; ii) A Resilience Nexus Approach to Market Systems Development and Disaster Risk Reduction, Timor Leste & Nepal; and iii) Transforming Humanitarian Response: Building Resilience through community mobilized CEDRR in the World’s Largest Humanitarian Crisis, Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh. Four key tenets emerge across all three case studies for how programming scoping, assessment, design, and adaptive management are enhanced when we integrate CEDRR within a resilience framework. First, the utilization and linking of cross-sector tools covering comprehensive risk and resilience assessments (e.g., climate change adaptation and ecosystem services mechanisms, disaster risk reduction measures, cost-benefit analyses, and ecosystem services analysis tools) support better integration and layering of programs. Second, systems thinking enables the application of win-win CEDRR nexus strategies that support addressing systemic root causes of risk and have impact assessment measures that ensure programs will not increase risk whilst supporting resilience capacity-building for immediate coping and longer-term adaptation to risks and achievement of development outcomes. Third, community mobilization and transboundary, cross-sector governance over extended periods are required to foster sustainable CEDRR at landscape scales and across boundaries. Investments in operational resilience are critical for integrating CEDRR into humanitarian and development programs to achieve resilience and well-being gains.\n", + "Key Findings": "Amidst dynamic systemic change, uncertainty and complex risks, in order to achieve development and wellbeing outcomes, communities, governance structures, implementing and thought partners must engage in integrating a resilience approach to applying CEDRR in humanitarian and development programs.\n\nThis approach to promoting climate and environmental sensitivity, risk reduction and resilience capacity-building must be applied equally to operations, staffing, partnership, as a precursor enabling environment. \n\nThis approach supports adaptive program design,\nimplementation, monitoring and evaluation amidst shocks and stresses impacting the communities we work with and the way we are able to work with them. \n\nThis action brief has offered a new Framework (Fig. 1), three CEDRR case studies and example best practices for applying CEDRR (Table 1) to inform and shift how we design and adaptively manage development and humanitarian programs and policies. \n\nThis process cultivates the tenets necessary for integration of CEDRR to build resilience and improve development gains over time and scales.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/63305_realriaclimateecosystemdrrfinal.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Business Services" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Ecometrix Solutions Group (ESG)" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge", + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Mercy Corps", + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Environment/Climate Change" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "American Business", + "Micro, Small, or Medium Enterprise" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Asia" + ], + "Year": "2019" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Jessica Majno", + "Kurt Dassel", + "Merab Labadze", + "Maka Dakhundaridze" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Georgia" + ], + "Document ID": "1901-Majno-GEO", + "Document Title": "Georgia's Innovation Strategy & Recommendations", + "Document Summary": "Prepared by Deloitte Consulting LLP. For review by the United States Agency for International Development, this document presents a strategy for the government of Georgia to increase private sector innovation in the country. While Georgia has experienced economic growth over recent decades, that growth has slowed, creating a need for the government to stimulate local innovation to remain on a pathway toward long-term prosperity. Based on research conducted between June and September 2018 and collaboration with over fifty public and private institutions, this document provides a theoretical framework for innovation and its drivers in the economic context and a diagnostic summary of the current state of innovation in Georgia. Findings show Georgia is currently locked in a vicious cycle, wherein lack of global integration deters investment in innovation and enabling assets, which in turn inhibits the competitiveness of local business abroad, perpetuating the cycle. The subsequent analysis posits that unleashing innovation requires breaking this cycle by building on Georgia’s strengths, mainly oriented toward high-value, low-volume manufacturing. By creating assets and incentives tailored for companies in this category of business to innovate and lead global integration but accessible to all – both high-growth startups and established businesses – Georgia can create a pathway towards broad-based innovation across sectors and industries. Attracting strategic foreign direct investment from companies with an established track record of investing in the communities where they operate can accelerate this trajectory.", + "Key Findings": "Georgia has a national culture that broadly values creativity and celebrates it as a point of national pride.\n\nGeorgia’s second opportunity to build on is the innovation happening in the country today.\n\nGeorgia has a number of key differentiated assets and incentives that can help companies compete in global markets if enabled and applied strategically.\n\nFor a small economy that is located far from major markets, Georgia has a number of competitive and potentially competitive traded industries.", + "Key Recommendations": "The future of innovation in Georgia depends on its ability to integrate into global value chains.\n\nSucceeding in this effort requires building on Georgia’s differentiated assets, ranging from its free trade agreements, to low cost labor and energy, to low levels of corruption.\n\nWhile Georgians have an innate capability to innovate, cultivating this capability from the ground up will take generations and is most likely to keep the country in a perpetual state of “catch-up”.", + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Europe and Eurasia" + ], + "Year": "2019" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Sida" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Syria", + "Uganda", + "Rwanda" + ], + "Document ID": "1901-SIDA-MLT", + "Document Title": "Market Systems Development in Fragile Contexts", + "Document Summary": "This brief is a synthesis of how Sida as donor could implement more inclusive and sustainable interventions in fragile contexts, reaching the most vulnerable and avoiding doing harm to the local market systems. ", + "Key Findings": "A Market Systems Development (MSD) approach can be useful in fragile contexts, such as protracted/humanitarian crises as well as conflict and post-conflict situations. It can support the transition from crisis to recovery, building resilience of vulnerable groups and societies. ", + "Key Recommendations": "MSD adapted to fragile contexts needs to be more diversified than in relatively stable contexts where focus is on long-term development cooperation. The MSD-support should start at early stages of crisis and conflict. ", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://beamexchange.org/resources/1234/", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, and Hunting", + "Retail", + "Financial Services" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Sida" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Conflict" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Humanitarian Assistance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Micro, Small, or Medium Enterprise", + "Local Business" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa", + "Middle East" + ], + "Year": "2019" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Melinda Smale", + "Veronique Theriault" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Mali", + "Burkina Faso", + "Burundi", + "Ghana", + "Kenya", + "Malawi", + "Nigeria", + "Tanzania", + "Rwanda", + "Senegal" + ], + "Document ID": "1901-Smale-MLT", + "Document Title": "A cross-country summary of fertilizer subsidy programs in Sub-Saharan Africa", + "Document Summary": "Published by USAID and Michigan State University, this Research Paper series is designed to timely disseminate research and policy analytical outputs generated by the USAID-funded Feed the Future Innovation Lab for Food Security Policy (FSP) and its Associate Awards. The FSP project is managed by the Food Security Group (FSG) of the Department of Agricultural, Food, and Resource Economics (AFRE) at Michigan State University (MSU) and implemented in partnership with the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) and the University of Pretoria (UP). Together, the MSU-IFPRI-UP consortium works with governments, researchers, and private sector stakeholders in Feed the Future focus countries in Africa and Asia to increase agricultural productivity, improve dietary diversity and build greater resilience to challenges like climate change that affect livelihoods. The papers are aimed at researchers, policymakers, donor agencies, educators, and international development practitioners.\n\nThis comparative summary of the literature first reviews the pros and cons of input subsidies in a developing agricultural context. Then, it draws on several in-depth, informative reviews, comparing Sub-Saharan countries and consulting additional case studies. The purpose of this paper is to situate the understanding of the fertilizer subsidy program in Mali within a broader policy context and to draw lessons on what might be done to improve it. It refers the reader to Theriault et al. (2018b) for a detailed description of the Malian fertilizer value chain with an analysis of subsidy impacts. The companion paper to this one, by Kone et al. (2018), focuses on the origins and evolution of Mali’s subsidy program.\n", + "Key Findings": "All studies reviewed show positive effects on yield and production by the farm household.\n\nCrop planted has not always been investigated, but studies show mixed results.\n\nIncremental increases in crop production can, but do not necessarily lead to outcomes, such as higher farm incomes and greater food security.", + "Key Recommendations": "First, clear and non-contradictory program objectives (economic vs noneconomic) should be stated.\n \nSecond, various design and implementation approaches should be tested. \n\nThird, the targeting outcomes and program design and implementation should be aligned with each other and with the program objectives. \n\nFourth, a strong monitoring and evaluation system should be installed. \n\nFinally, there is a strong need for more empirical evidence to better understand the intended and unintended impacts of the program, including the new e-voucher scheme.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00TJ56.pdf", + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Agriculture and Food Security" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2019" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Michelle Stern", + "Tasmih Tabassum", + "Ruksana Eyasmin" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Bangladesh" + ], + "Document ID": "1901-Stern-BGD", + "Document Title": "DO 2 Gender Analysis Feed the Future Bangladesh", + "Document Summary": "This document is a gender analysis report prepared and published by USAID Bangladesh to identify gender-related constraints and opportunities in the FTF portfolio through an examination of unique activities, building on the vast body of existing research that USAID has carried out, its partners and other public and private sector Bangladeshi stakeholders and generate ambitious yet realistic recommendations for improved inclusion of women and men that will influence future USAID/Bangladesh activity design. The analysis was prepared under ADS 205, which guides integrating gender equality and female empowerment in USAID’s program cycle and parallel with the gender-focused market systems assessment (GFMSA) carried out concurrently.\n\nInformation for the gender analysis was captured through a literature review of reports and studies by USAID and other stakeholders, key informant interviews (KIIs) with Dhaka and field-based stakeholders in the FTF zone of influence (ZOI), Focus group discussions (FGDs) with mixed and women-only beneficiary groups working with USAID IPs and other stakeholders, and Review of meeting notes from the GFMSA. This was a rapid analysis, and the team spoke with a limited number of stakeholders and program participants from each USAID activity. Given their prior experience with development programs in the region, participants may have thought they knew what the review team wished to hear, and their responses must be looked at with a touch of skepticism. \n", + "Key Findings": "The gender analysis revealed that USAID implementing partners (IPs) and other stakeholders in Bangladesh are grappling with how to best engage women under a private sector-driven approach.\nDifferent strategies are being applied, some of which show promise. Certain actors are targeting women through traditional value chains (VCs) and roles, while others are looking for new opportunities. Long- term sensitization programs around shared decision-making and control over assets have made a household approach viable, while supporting strong female entrepreneurs is helping women access larger and nontraditional sectors.", + "Key Recommendations": "Gender mainstreaming in the DO 2 portfolio: IPs should remain open to a variety of potential pathways to achieve women’s\neconomic empowerment that are designed around gender-sensitive analyses carried out during the start-up phase, and that are regularly updated to capture and respond to any changes that take place as a result of activity interventions or other external factors.\n\nEnabling environment: IPs can work through local stakeholders to raise awareness of and access to any government subsidies and other benefits targeted at female farmers/entrepreneurs.\n\nValue chain roles: To enable female producers to learn good agricultural practices and access inputs and information, IPs should continue to apply the local service provider (LSP) model.\n\nAccess to resources and opportunities: IPs can continue to engage with financial service providers – both microfinance institutions and commercial banks that are committed to working with women- to\ndesign and promote gender-sensitive financial products.\n\nEffective monitoring: Investing in monitoring, evaluation, and learning at the IP level is critical, both to improve internal practices and to understand how to motivate the private sector to expand its role in women’s empowerment.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00THDW.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, and Hunting", + "Pharmaceuticals", + "Energy", + "Processing & Manufacturing" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "ACI Ltd", + "Semco", + "SACO", + "Foshol", + "Syngenta" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge", + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Democracy, Human Rights, & Governance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "For-profit approach that generates sustainable income", + "Large Enterprise", + "Multi-national Business", + "Regional Business", + "Local Business" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Asia" + ], + "Year": "2019" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Sarah Adamczyk", + "Dominic Llewellyn", + "Tej Dhami", + "Clare McCartney", + "John Bryant", + "Roshni Assomull", + "Barnaby Willitts-King" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Syria", + "Yemen", + "South Sudan", + "Iraq", + "Uganda", + "Kenya", + "Malawi", + "Nigeria", + "Mali" + ], + "Document ID": "1901-WILLI-MLT", + "Document Title": "New financing partnerships for humanitarian impact", + "Document Summary": "This report aims to do three things:\n1. Identify which challenges in humanitarian financing can be best solved using investment approaches harnessing capital markets.\n2. Explain the different innovative financing mechanisms and how they can be applied to different challenges.\n3. Set out specific proposals for (a) expanding the market for humanitarian investing and (b) building momentum around specific types of investment. \n\nThis report was jointly developed by ODI, a leading think tank on humanitarian and development policy issues, and Numbers for Good, a social investment consultancy, both located in London. It is based on a review of policy reports, investor documentation, academic and think tank analysis, and current or planned investment deals; interviews with representatives of 25 humanitarian agencies, government donors, private foundations and investors; and the research team’s participation in workshops and discussions.\n\nIt is structured as follows. Section 2 outlines the challenges the humanitarian system is trying to address and provides an introduction to how it operates. Section 3 describes how international private finance operates. In Section 4 we discuss the particular challenges facing\nhumanitarian financing and which instruments may be best suited to addressing them, with examples. Section 5 then considers the difficulties faced by the different motivations and norms of the finance and humanitarian worlds, both in cultural and legal terms, and the\noperational challenges of working in humanitarian contexts. Section 6 sets out the ingredients of an effective market and assesses the current state of the market for products in humanitarian contexts. Section 7 draws together recommendations for specific action by\ndifferent stakeholders. ", + "Key Findings": "Investment approaches to financing humanitarian impact represent a new model that could influence positive behavioural change among important stakeholders and drive better outcomes for those most in need. \n\nOpportunity 1: Preventative investment approaches.\nOpportunity 2: Investments in job creation and social sectors for refugees and host communities.\nOpportunity 3: Investments in enterprises or assets that support the wider market for humanitarian impact are an effective route to improving\nhumanitarian responses.", + "Key Recommendations": "Following key recommendations are given to increase investment:\n1. Make new strategic alliance\n2. Focus on the humanitarian financing need\n3. Create shared learning and greater transparency", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://cdn.odi.org/media/documents/12581.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Financial Services" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "IKEA Foundation" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Humanitarian Policy Group (HPG)" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Humanitarian Assistance" + ], + "Type of Document": "White Paper/Think Tank Report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "For-profit Commercial Entity", + "Formal Sector" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa", + "Middle East" + ], + "Year": "2019" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Nahad Sadr-Azodi", + "Denise DeRoeck", + "Nada Ahmed" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Sudan" + ], + "Document ID": "1902-AHMED-SDN", + "Document Title": "Private sector engagement and contributions to immunisation service delivery and coverage in Sudan", + "Document Summary": "For more than two decades, the private sector in the Sudan (henceforth, Sudan), including non-governmental organisations and for-profit providers, has played a key role in delivering immunisation services, especially in the\nconflict-affected Darfur region and the most populated Khartoum state. The agreements that the providers enter into with state governments necessitate that they are licenced; follow the national immunisation policy and reporting and supervision requirements; use the vaccines supplied by government; and offer vaccinations free-ofcharge. These private providers are well integrated into the states’ immunisation programmes as they take part in the Ministry of Health immunisation trainings and district review meetings and they are incorporated into annual district immunisation microplans. The purpose of this article is to describe the private sector contributions to equitable access to immunisation services and coverage, as well as key challenges, lessons learned and future considerations. Fifty-five per cent of private health facilities\nin Sudan (411 out of 752) provide immunisation services, with 75% (307 out of 411) based in Khartoum state and the Darfur region. In 2017, private providers administered around 16% of all third doses of pentavalent (diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus, hepatitis B and Haemophilus influenzae type b) vaccines to children. Private health providers of immunisation services have especially been critical in filling the gaps in government services in hard-to-reach\nor conflict-affected areas and among marginalised populations, and thus in reducing inequities in access. Through its experience in engaging the private sector, Sudan has learned the importance of regulating and licencing private facilities and incorporating them into the immunisation programme’s decision-making, planning, regular evaluation and supervision system to ensure their compliance with immunisation guidelines and the overall quality of services. In moving forward, strategic engagement with the private sector will become more prominent as Sudan transitions out of donors’ financial\nassistance with its projected income growth.", + "Key Findings": "Private providers have made an important contribution to Sudan’s immunisation programme and its efforts to improve vaccination coverage—from 62% for diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis third dose in 2000 to 95% for Penta3 in 2017 (using WHO–Unicef estimates). Moreover, as in Malawi, private facilities in Sudan participate in ‘cost sharing’ by providing the venues, health personnel, some of the cold chain and running costs.\nWithout the private sector, the government would need to significantly increase its capital investment in health facilities and recurring personnel cost to fill gaps in services, especially in states like Khartoum. \nYet, this engagement has faced a number of challenges. For example, despite the government oversight described above, there are anecdotes of suboptimal quality standards and of the private sector charging ‘fees’ to beneficiaries for vaccination. Therefore, a key lesson learnt is the importance of the licencing process for private facilities and incorporating them into the immunisation programme’s regular supervision and quality assurance system to ensure compliance with immunisation guidelines and policy. the experience in Sudan demonstrates the importance of making private providers feel that they are part of or have ownership in the delivery system and are accountable to it by taking part in regular planning, training, review and decision-making activities.\n\nOther key findings included:\n1. The global immunisation community is increasingly urging countries to engage more closely with the private sector in coordinating, planning and monitoring immunisation activities, particularly to reduce inequities in availability of services between geographic areas and population groups and increase overall coverage of immunisation services.\n2. Given the prolonged conflict, economic turmoil and limited human and institutional capacity of the government, Sudan has explored innovative ways of regulating, integrating and expanding partnerships with private providers to deliver health and immunesation services to inaccessible and difficult-to-reach populations.\n3. Overall, private/non-governmental health providers administered approximately 16% of the third dose of pentavalent vaccine given to children in 2017.\n4. In moving forward, ensuring effective public–private collaboration will become more critical to address service gaps and inequities especially as Sudan, with its projected income growth, is preparing to enter the accelerated Gavi transition phase, during which financial support will wind down.", + "Key Recommendations": "Future initiatives and studies should consider the demand aspects (eg, experiences and perceptions of the beneficiaries towards private facilities and quality of care), the quality of data reporting, and missed opportunities for vaccination. Additionally, government and partners should review the dynamics between state-level regulators/authorities and private providers and include a comparetive analysis of the states and their determinants for effective engagement with the private sector. It is also importantto understand the role of external assistance particularly to NGOs—and how a potential reduction or disruption in funding may impact service delivery in conflict-affected and low-resource areas.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://gh.bmj.com/content/bmjgh/4/2/e001414.full.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Health Care" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness", + "Ability to Influence Policy" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment", + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "BMJ Global Health" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Conflict" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Health", + "Humanitarian Assistance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Local Business", + "Formal Sector" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2019" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Rachel Blum", + "Saah N'Tow", + "Lindsey Woolf", + "Cassandra Jessee" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Liberia" + ], + "Document ID": "1902-Blum-LBR", + "Document Title": "USAID/Liberia Youth Situational Analysis", + "Document Summary": "This cross-sectoral youth assessment report aims to capture the experiences, aspirations, challenges, and assets of Liberian youth ages 15-35. USAID/Liberia will use the data to inform their approach to working with youth, incorporating findings into their 2019-2023 Country Development and Cooperation Strategy. Assessment results are also intended to provide donors and development practitioners working in Liberia with information on youth’s journey from adolescence to adulthood. The assessment identifies opportunities to optimally support a child and guide USAID/Liberia toward a more strategic engagement with youth as a) beneficiaries and participants of sustainable Liberia-owned development solutions that can be brought to scale over time and b) critical actors empowered to identify and prioritize challenges to the lack of livelihoods and propose innovative solutions.\n\nThe assessment process consisted of several data collection methods: i) a desk review of over 150 secondary sources; and ii) a field visit to six counties, as prioritized by USAID: Montserrado, Lofa, Grand Bassa, Bong, Nimba, and Margibi that included iii) Youth Focus Group Discussions, iv) Community Group Discussions, and v) Key Informant Interviews (KIIs). Although the breadth of the assessment was extensive, it was only possible to answer some 74 research questions exhaustively. Where feasible, the data collection team conducted follow-up interviews and additional literature reviews to deepen the analysis of the most salient issues, policies, and programs. As a largely qualitative assessment using purposive sampling, the evaluation cannot purport to be statistically representative or generalizable to all youth in Liberia.", + "Key Findings": "Within the Liberian context, the most appropriate way to identify youth cohorts is by the relative assets that they possess, including relative skills, physical and financial assets, information, access to services, and personal networks.\n\nIn Liberia, the youth experience is largely driven by poverty and lack of education.\n\nOverall, “youth participation,” a key component of the positive youth development (PYD) approach, does not seem to be a high priority.", + "Key Recommendations": "1. Increase youth earnings in the informal sector\n2. Grow Liberian micro-, small-, and medium-sized enterprises for youth employment\n3. Increase youth's access to finance\n4. Expand youth-friendly voluntary family planning\n5. Address the emerging substance abuse epidemic", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.youthpower.org/sites/default/files/YouthPower/files/resources/Liberia%20Youth%20Assessment%20Situational%20Analysis%20Report_0.pdf", + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID", + "MCI" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Micro, Small, or Medium Enterprise", + "Large Enterprise", + "Formal Sector", + "Informal Sector" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2019" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Deepika Chawla", + "Jeffrey Tines", + "Basab Dasgupta", + "Worku Ambelu", + "Hika Alemu", + "Ermias Assefa Eshetu", + "Estera Barbarasa" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Ethiopia" + ], + "Document ID": "1902-Chawl-ETH", + "Document Title": "Evaluation: Youth Potential Activity, Youth Cohort Study", + "Document Summary": "In 2017, USAID/Ethiopia contracted with Social Impact, Inc. (SI) to implement the Ethiopia Performance Monitoring and Evaluation Service (EPMES) Activity. Under EPMES, USAID requested an independent performance evaluation of YP. The assessment included three activities: i) A baseline study, ii) Performance monitoring and a data system review, and iii) A multi-round cohort study of beneficiaries is, henceforth referred to as the Youth Cohort Study (YCS). This report is the final report of the multi-round YCS and incorporates findings from all three rounds. YCS aims to examine whether youth who receive workforce development and livelihood support through YP earn a higher income and acquire the necessary skills, knowledge, and social capital to achieve economic self-sufficiency over the longer term.\n\nTo address the evaluation questions, YCS used a panel design to follow a subset of one cohort of YP participants from select woredas and kebeles to gain insights into their employment and income status changes. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected through surveys and focus group discussions (FGDs) with a sample of participants, which FGDs supplemented with parents and guardians and key informant interviews (KIIs) with implementation staff and other stakeholders on various indicators to document changes over the year following YP enrollment. To ensure comparability, data collection instruments used at baseline were also used at midline and endline. Still, questions were added at the midline and end lines to assess YP impacts. Data collected at the endline were compared with data from the baseline (and midline, as necessary) to measure changes in participant outcomes and YP’s impacts on them. Data were disaggregated by sex, age, education level, and region. The variable “region” was used as a proxy both for the different service delivery partners and for the pastoral/productive nature of the target populations. This study has several limitations. First, the data used in assessing YP contribution are based on self-reporting. Although using a combination of methods and triangulating data from other sources, such as key stakeholder interviews, could have mitigated the resultant bias, the likelihood remains of a response shift bias caused by a change in the participant’s frame of reference across measurement points.", + "Key Findings": "Employment increased by more than 40 percent between YP enrollment and 12 months following enrollment.\n\nAmong the self-employed, there was a marked shift between baseline and endline away from working in family business toward working in self-owned enterprises.\n\nThe vast majority of study respondents (71 percent) reported an increase in income between YP enrollment and 12 months following enrollment.", + "Key Recommendations": "With one year to go, several urgently important actions must be taken to maximize YP contribution toward increasing employment and income among youth in Ethiopia. In order to have an increased\ncontribution toward that, there is a need to strengthen coaching and mentoring of youth, involvement of parents and guardians improve access to financial and marketing opportunities, and place more emphasis on the building of skills and access to employment opportunities for female youth.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00TJMR.pdf", + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID", + "Social Impact" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Youth", + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2019" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "EPMES", + "Francis Ogojo Okello", + "Worku Ambelu", + "Lomi Yadeta Kumsa", + "Yehualashet Tadesse Wondimu", + "Fiseha Terefe Yinesu", + "Andenet Haile Godana" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Ethiopia" + ], + "Document ID": "1902-EPMES-ETH", + "Document Title": "Final Performance Evaluation of the Strengthening Ethiopia's Urban Health Activity", + "Document Summary": "The United States Agency for International Development (USAID)/Ethiopia designed the Strengthening Ethiopia’s Urban Health (SEUH) Activity to support the Government of Ethiopia’s (GoE) Urban Health Extension Program (UHEP) by improving the quality of urban health services, strengthening referral linkages, building the institutional and technical capacity of regional health bureaus, and promoting intersectoral collaboration on urban health challenges. This final performance evaluation of Strengthening Ethiopia’s Urban Health (SEUH), conducted from August to December 2018, documents lessons learned about SEUH design, implementation efficiency, and sustainability of results.\n\nThe evaluation used a mixed-methods design involving document review, secondary data analysis, direct observation, key informant interviews (KIIs), and focus group discussions (FGDs). Documents reviewed included the activity description, progress reports, and any studies conducted on SEUH. Secondary data analysis was performed on monitoring data collected by SEUH and Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) data. The evaluation team worked with 79 KIIs with federal and regional government officials (including the RHB staff), USAID, SEUH staff, and urban health extension professionals (UHEps). The team also conducted interviews with male beneficiaries at each evaluation site. Finally, 22 FGDs were conducted with female beneficiaries of SEUH living within the catchment areas of supported health facilities and with UHE-ps working with selected health centers.\n\nThis evaluation was conducted in all SEUH regions; however, data were collected from a sample of implementation cities/towns using a purposive sampling procedure. The findings, therefore, may not reflect SEUH performance in towns/villages that were not visited. The evaluation team consulted with the SEUH team to obtain insights for sampling. While the team did not necessarily take instruction from SEUH to select actual evaluation sites, and the limited selection of sites resulting from the information obtained from the implementing partner may have affected the accuracy of the findings.", + "Key Findings": "1. SEUH was relevant to UHEP priorities and was positively perceived by stakeholders but was not sufficiently practical in relation to the needs of UHEP and of the urban poor, which cut across NCDs, CDs, MCH, and injury control/prevention.\n\n2. SEUH efficiency was evident mostly in its work with the FMoH, RHBs, C/THOs, and the health centers.\n\n3. SEUH contributed to the increasing availability of human resources for health (HRH) through CPHT,\nIRT, and LMG training.\n\n4. Most of the SEUH results are far from being sustainable due to resource limitations.", + "Key Recommendations": "1. UHEP’s various priorities require multiple sources and support mechanisms beyond USAID.\n\n2. Future activities should continue to strengthen the capacity of government offices to lead UHEP\nimplementation.\n\n3. To ensure sustainability, future activities should strengthen the capacity of specific government offices at the RHB and C/THO to analyze, convene, and lead the dissemination and data use efforts. \n\n4. The evaluation team recommends planning timely and efficient strategies for the supply of commodities to work toward sustainability of SEUH results.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00TP84.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Engineering & Construction", + "Media", + "Health Care" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Reputation and Credible Convening Power" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID", + "Social Impact" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Youth", + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Health" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2019" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Laura Gibney", + "Stephen Rahaim", + "Caitlin Thistle", + "Samantha Nibali" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Tanzania", + "Nepal", + "India", + "Senegal", + "Madagascar", + "Haiti" + ], + "Document ID": "1902-Gibne-MLT", + "Document Title": "Sustaining Health Outcomes Through Private Sector Plus Project Performance Evaluation", + "Document Summary": "This midterm evaluation of the Sustaining Health Outcomes Through the Private Sector (SHOPS) Plus project, a five-year USAID global health program (2015-2020), was undertaken to assess: (1) the project’s family planning achievements: (2) how it applied newer areas of focus (Public Private Engagement [PPE], Health Financing [HF], Total Market Approach [TMA], Corporate Engagement [CE]); and (3) the effectiveness of the implementing consortium.\n\nThe evaluation (July – December 2018) used mixed qualitative and quantitative methods to collect data in key informant interviews (individual, group) at headquarters, during visits to two countries (Nepal and Tanzania), and in an electronic survey. A total of 108 key informants were interviewed (SHOPS Plus leaders/staff, consortium, local partners, USAID funders, stakeholders, beneficiaries), while an additional 16 completed the e-survey (SHOPS Plus country leads, mission funders). Additional information was gathered in an extensive desk review of project documentation. \n\nKey limitations of the evaluation included:\n1. The narrow focus of the evaluation (concentrating on FP in Evaluation Question 1, though the project receives funding from other health elements, and on four of the project’s 11 technical and cross-cutting approaches in Evaluation Question 2).\n2. Visits to only two countries resulted in their over-representation in findings.\n3. The inaccessibility of many Year 3 results (the global Performance Monitoring Plan Report, Annual Report, and some country office reports) due to the timing of the evaluation.\n", + "Key Findings": "At the global level, the project appears to be progressing well, despite delays in certain activities (e.g., in research/assessment and dissemination).\n\nWith all four focus areas there is a definitional issue (i.e., how people understand the term), which can make it challenging to gauge where or how they have been applied; this is particularly true of TMA.\n\nSHOPS Plus’ 10-member consortium appears to be very well-managed and effective in providing the technical expertise needed to fulfill the project’s SOW.", + "Key Recommendations": "Focus on consolidating and deepening the current set of activities being implemented to maximize their potential for impact, scale, adaptation, and replication.\n\nConsolidate learning from the successes of PPE across and within countries.\n\nContinue to identify opportunities to expand the application of TMA analysis.\n\nConsider ways of increasing innovative, rigorous applications of technical approaches.\n\nContinue to promote the private sector, while ensuring balance and candor about its limitations and failures.", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Health Care", + "Arts and entertainment", + "Business Services", + "Food & Beverage" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "MTV", + "Trafigura", + "Futs Metallique", + "Deep Spring" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities", + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID", + "GH Pro" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Youth", + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Health" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Large Enterprise", + "American Business", + "Multi-national Business", + "For-profit approach that generates sustainable income", + "Corporate Foundation" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa", + "Asia", + "Latin America and the Carribean" + ], + "Year": "2019" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Kathleen Hurley", + "Byron Kominek", + "Jaime Rooke", + "Saliou Diallo" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Benin", + "Burkina Faso", + "Côte d’Ivoire", + "Cabo Verde", + "Gambia", + "Ghana", + "Guinea-Bissau", + "Liberia", + "Mali", + "Niger", + "Nigeria", + "Senegal", + "Sierra Leone", + "Togo", + "Chad", + "Cameroon", + "Guinea" + ], + "Document ID": "1902-Hurle-MLT", + "Document Title": "USAID Global Environment Management Support (GEMS): USAID/West Africa Tropical Forestry & Biodiversity Assessment", + "Document Summary": "This document is the USAID/West Africa Tropical Forestry & Biodiversity Assessment Report, which The Cadmus Group LLC prepared under USAID's Global Environmental Management Support Program. This AssessmentAssessment supports the USAID/West Africa Mission's development and implementation of a Regional Development Cooperation Strategy (RDCS) for 2020 – 2024. The AssessmentAssessment is a tool to facilitate planning and decision-making by USAID/ West Africa and regional and bilateral missions and will inform ongoing and future USAID programming. This AssessmentAssessment summarizes the status of biodiversity and forests in these countries; several bilateral 118/119 assessments exist (e.g., Ghana, Liberia, Mali, Senegal, Niger, Burkina Faso, and Central Africa); as such, the country-specific assessments complement this regional overview. This document includes a regional overview of the legal framework and regional organizations affecting conservation; a brief discussion of the value of the economic potential of the ecosystem services within the USAID/ West Africa region; a review of USAID/ West Africa programming within the context of regional environmental threats; a summary of biodiversity and tropical forests within the USAID/ West Africa's geographic range and the status of tropical forest and biodiversity resources; and identification of potential negative impacts of proposed activities to biodiversity and tropical forests.\n\nThe Assessment team conducted this AssessmentAssessment in two phases: (1) a desk review of available information on socioeconomic issues, ecology and conservation, environmental management, and USAID programming in West Africa, and (2) fieldwork in West Africa, including one-on-one meetings and site visits with stakeholders, in Côte d'Ivoire, Ghana, and Guinea. The desk review under Phase I collected and synthesized available information on socioeconomic issues, ecology and conservation, environmental management, and USAID programming in West Africa. Phase I also involved geographic information system (GIS) mapping and analysis of regional data about biodiversity and tropical forestry, such as a change in forest cover, development trends in areas of ecological importance, and changes in population density over time. Fieldwork (Phase II) focused on Ramsar sites, designated under the Ramsar Convention as wetlands of international importance, and transboundary forest areas from which anthropogenic effects on biodiversity and tropical forests were observed.", + "Key Recommendations": "• Incorporate training and advocacy focused on eliminating slash and burn practices across the region into all agricultural activities. \n• Encourage open dialogue between agrarian and pastoral peoples in intervention zones to decrease possible tensions and to be responsive in case of increasing tensions due to the provision of assistance.\n• Promote processes and activities relating to combating desertification and/or mitigating the effects of drought within the arid, semi-arid and dry sub-humid areas. ", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, and Hunting" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships", + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID", + "The Cadmus Group" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth", + "Conflict" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Environment/Climate Change" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Multi-national Business", + "Regional Business" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2019" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Andrew Lambert", + "Rafiq Sakar", + "Reshad Alam", + "Nazrul Islam", + "Ruksana Eyasmin", + "Tasmih Tabassum" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Bangladesh" + ], + "Document ID": "1902-Lambe-BGD", + "Document Title": "Gender-Focused Market Systems Assessment: Feed the Future Bangladesh Final Report", + "Document Summary": "This document is a short-term technical assistance (STTA) report of selected agricultural market systems for the USAID/Bangladesh Economic Growth Feed the Future (DO 2) office. This assessment aims to study and identify the gender integration status in USAID/Bangladesh’s Feed the Future (FTF) activities’ private sector engagement strategies following the market system approach. This report: 1) Collects empirical data among USAID FTF-supported private sector firms and beneficiaries to document gender equality and female empowerment in priority agricultural value chains. d) Provides recommendations for the FTF team for addressing specific market systems-related constraints for gender integration and equality, specifically opportunities for women to improve horizontal coordination within value chain activities and vertical coordination. 3) Identifies and provides empirical support regarding opportunities and incentives for the private sector firms within a market system approach to address gender gaps and target women clientele, and 4) Provides recommendations that USAID can undertake to facilitate an enabling environment through its private sector partners for greater gender integration and women’s empowerment.\n\nTo meet this objective, the assessment team has adopted a two-pronged approach: (1) Study the workings of the selected market systems and the male and female roles within them, identify the opportunities and constraints that the producers operate under, focusing mainly on female value chain (VC) actors, determine the underlying causes of the constraints, and indicate where producer benefits can be optimized cost-effectively, using market system approaches; and (2) Characterize the current roles and functions of female actors in the market systems and identify significant changes that may be underway, as well as the inherent or external causes, while highlighting those with the greatest potential for the relevant Feed the Future (FTF) Implementing Partners (IPs).\n", + "Key Findings": "Through the team’s research, the rural sector of Southern Bangladesh is revealed to be a crowded mosaic of tiny plots of land that barely support the livelihoods of myriad hardworking farming households.\n\nProducers seemingly operate independently, not to say alone, buying and selling as individual units, despite potential for lower input prices and higher output prices of purchases and sales made in bulk. \n\nThe organization of farmers into groups for business purposes was not found to be a common practice, nor was it a standard component of IPs’ implementation strategies, contrary to international best practice in rural development circles.", + "Key Recommendations": "1. Strengthen focus on GAP and build alliances with the district-level DAEs to disseminate GAP principles as widely as possible, using male and female field agents to spread the technology and train producers in its application.\n2. Project-driven interventions should remain as an optional intervention modality to enhance desired impact on the economic empowerment of women in the targeted MS. \n3. Make women empowerment a targeted and specifically monitorable outcome through tailored\nand effective project-driven interventions. \n4. To ensure full application of the MS approach (i.e., with due attention to support functions and the role of government and women farmer organizations), work closely and holistically with one “Bibhag” or divisional administration to strengthen support functions of one promising MS with high women IGA potential. \n5. Explore concrete options to set up capital loan bank guarantee services to female-headed agribusinesses at experienced commercial banks that actively support rural sector enterprise.\n6. Market the IP projects to the selected banks as the quality assurance provider of MS development activities – being less experienced in agriculture, they will need that reassurance to fully engage with beneficiaries.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00TJJT.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, and Hunting", + "Food & Beverage", + "Financial Services", + "Processing & Manufacturing" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Ishpahani Agro Ltd", + "ACI Ltd", + "SACO", + "NCPL", + "NAAFCO (Pvt) Ltd", + "MRT", + "Bombay Agro Ltd", + "Prantojon Agro Enterprise", + "Partex Agro Ltd", + "Swapno", + "DCCI", + "BFS", + "Konica Seed (Pvt.) Ltd", + "RENAISSANCE Enterprise", + "Alim Industries" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities", + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge", + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Agriculture and Food Security", + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Micro, Small, or Medium Enterprise", + "Large Enterprise" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Asia" + ], + "Year": "2019" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Catherine Longley", + "Monica Woldt", + "Ina Schonberg", + "Nkwenge Priscilla Kimbugwe", + "Ramu Bishwakarma", + "Benita O'Colmain" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Uganda" + ], + "Document ID": "1902-Longl-UGA", + "Document Title": "Final Performance Evaluation of Resiliency through Wealth, Agriculture, and Nutrition in Karamoja (RWANU)", + "Document Summary": "This document is a final performance evaluation report of resiliency through the Wealth, Agriculture, and Nutrition in Karamoja (RWANU) project, which was produced at the request of the United States Agency for International Development by ICF Macro, Inc. The purpose of the evaluation was to provide robust evidence-based findings, conclusions, and recommendations to determine the effectiveness of RWANU, influence the implementation of the two current Development Food Security Activities (DFSAs) in Karamoja, and inform and shape future United States Agency for International Development (USAID) projects.\n\nThe evaluation used a mixed-methods approach. Quantitative data were collected by baseline and endline population-based surveys (PBSs). Qualitative data were collected through 1) The review of major project documents, 2) Key informant interviews (KIIs), 3) Semi-structured in-depth interviews (IDIs), 4) Focus group discussions (FGDs) with both participants and non-participants, 5( Direct field observations in the five village sites visited, and 6) Profiles of selected individual participant households. Methodological limitations included: (1) Timing of baseline and endline surveys—baseline data were collected at the beginning of the typical lean season, whereas endline data were collected at the end of the regular lean season. Results for some indicators, particularly the food security and anthropometric indicators, may have been affected by this difference in timing and reflect conditions at their worst at the endline. (2) Identification and sampling of project participants in the PBS— Respondents verbally confirmed whether they participated in RWANU, but no formal verification was made.", + "Key Findings": "Overall, project targets were ambitious, and the project did not meet them.\n\nInter-agency coordination and collaboration with government structures is essential to ensure close linkage and limit potential for\nduplication and working at crossed purposes.\n\nClear exit plan from the beginning would have improved buy-in and assignment of institutional responsibilities and capacity building\n– to foster shared ownership from the start.", + "Key Recommendations": "The Karamoja context presents an extremely complex and challenging context for donor-funded aid interventions and must be fully understood if development interventions are to be successful.\n\nA close working relationship with both government and traditional structures is essential to ensure coordination, uptake of improved practices and behaviors, and long-term sustainability.\n\nTo gain greater insight and learning from implemented strategies, approaches, and activities, projects should ensure that monitoring, evaluation, and learning systems across the life of the project can characterize households to understand which types of households participated in which activities, and how different household types (e.g., based on project participation and relative wealth and food security status) benefitted in term of adoption, outcomes, and impacts.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00TJHP.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, and Hunting" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth", + "Conflict" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Health" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2019" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Zhuzhi Moore", + "Annette Bongiovanni", + "Swati Sadaphal", + "Orlando Hernandez", + "Donna Espeut", + "Carol Levin", + "Michael Toole" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Guinea", + "Liberia", + "Sierra Leone" + ], + "Document ID": "1902-Moore-MLT", + "Document Title": "Performance Evaluation of USAID Ebola Pillar II Activities", + "Document Summary": "This document is a final performance evaluation report of USAID Ebola PILLAR II Activities. The evaluation was conducted by International Business & Technical Consultants, Inc. (IBTCI) in Guinea, Liberia, and Sierra Leone. The assessment aims to document the overall performance of Pillar II activities in the three countries—Guinea, Liberia, and Sierra Leone— and provide information and lessons learned to inform and improve USAID's ability to respond effectively to future global health emergencies. The performance evaluation used a mix of qualitative and quantitative methods in a three-phase design to create a cross-sectional picture of Pillar II's accomplishments in each country. An evaluability assessment was conducted in Phases One, Two, and Three.\n\nThe data collection methods included desk reviews, KIIs, focus group discussions (FGDs), health facility surveys (IBTCI's 2017 HFS), and household surveys (IBTCI's 2017 HHS). The evaluation questions were categorized into four analytical domains: 1) performance; 2) sustainability; 3) gaps and opportunities; and 4) management. Detailed information on the service delivery baseline data for outcome indicators, disaggregated by counties, prefectures, or districts, is unavailable. It is, therefore, a challenge to assess and compare the results of individual activities that vary significantly in duration and scale. \n", + "Key Findings": "Overall, Pillar II recovery activities were of relatively short duration and the actual implementation period was often further compressed by necessary start-up activities.\nNonetheless, relative to activities for which there is data, IPs report achieving their outputs.", + "Key Recommendations": "USAID’s future emergency coordinating bodies, such as the AEU, should be based in the front office and comprise a team of leaders with senior staff experienced in development and humanitarian relief.\n\nUSAID/AFR should create standard operating procedures to\nbe available for immediate use in future emergencies.\n\nUSAID should judiciously consider supporting with non-emergency funds limited follow-on activities at the national and district levels in each country to prepare government agencies and communities for the sunset of Pillar II resources.\n\nIt is recommended that IPs continue to invest in trust-building activities with government and civil society.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Annette_Bongiovanni/publication/332232480_Performance_Evaluation_of_USAID_Ebola_Pillar_II_Activities_Final_Report/links/5ca78ac892851c64bd5302e0/Performance-Evaluation-of-USAID-Ebola-Pillar-II-Activities-Final-Report.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Telecommunications", + "Financial Services", + "Business Services", + "Food & Beverage" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Africel", + "Orange", + "Splash", + "Lonestar", + "Ecobank", + "Tetra Tech", + "Innovation Lab", + "Google", + "Coca Cola" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships", + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID", + "IBTCI" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth", + "Conflict" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Health" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Regional Business", + "Multi-national Business", + "Large Enterprise", + "Formal Sector", + "American Business", + "Financial Institution, Investors, and Intermediaries", + "For-profit approach that generates sustainable income" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2019" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Hadi Sarvari", + "Nordin Yahya", + "Alireza Valipour", + "Norhazilan MD Noor", + "Michael Beer", + "Nerija Banaitiene" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Malaysia" + ], + "Document ID": "1902-Sarva-MYS-pr", + "Document Title": "Approaches to Risk Identification in Public–Private Partnership Projects: Malaysian Private Partners’ Overview", + "Document Summary": "The complexity of public-private partnership (PPP) projects ensures that risks could emerge and spread in unpredictable ways if they are not well identified and managed. The emergence of PPP projects has brought significant changes in the construction industry, the most notable being procurement methods influencing risk allocation to private parties. Thus, it is crucial to have adequate risk management for public and private partners to eliminate or minimize risks. Both parties must formulate an effective risk management system to minimize or optimize risks. This study investigates the risk identification process of private partners in Malaysian PPP projects. \n\nBased on the survey's outcome, this study reports on assessing private partners’ risk identification approaches for PPP projects in Malaysia at the estimating stage and evaluates their process of risk identification. The result shows that the most frequently applied risk identification procedure is a group exercise, for instance, a tender review by departments and their joint meetings, as well as with a group of persons from the tender department. Historical information and previous experience play an undeniably important role in ensuring a smooth risk identification process. Most previous research related to this field of study agreed that group exercise is always the best option for risk identification, regardless of any technique employed. This is because an individually conducted risk identification process may not be as effective as group exercise since the experience and knowledge are limited.\n\nThe study has explained that lack of time is the primary reason restraining risk management programs in companies. Meanwhile, money is not listed as the most important factor. This may be because production only starts after the client’s request in the construction business. Connivance, an opportunity arising from a good risk management program or lack of attention to the existing potential risks, may jeopardize the project objectives. Thus, the early development of a risk management plan during the initial stage of the project plays a significant role in helping the management to cater to major issues and keep the situation under control. Though it is impossible to generalize risk factors since they are unique to each project, this study's findings might contribute by helping the public and private sectors make decisions during the bidding, estimating, and tendering stages. Furthermore, it is also helpful in helping them to improve their risk management plan by considering the construction industry risk factors.\n", + "Key Findings": "The complexity of public–private partnership (PPP) projects ensures that risks could emerge and spread in unpredictable ways if they are not well identified and managed. The emergence of PPP projects has brought major changes in the construction industry, the most notable being in procurement methods influencing risk allocation to private parties. Thus, it is crucial to have an effective risk management for public and private partners to eliminate or minimise risks. Formulating an effective risk management system is a crucial challenge faced by both of parties in order to minimise or optimise risks. The aim of this study was to investigate the process of risk identification of private partners in Malaysian PPP projects. Data were collected throughout a 2-month period using a survey with a sample of nine Malaysian companies engaged in PPP projects, and the survey results were analysed using mean scores. The findings indicate that due to a lack of knowledge and experience of Malaysian private partners in the risk identification process, a comprehensive database for risk identification is highly necessary for the private sector. Another issue emerging from the findings is that it may be reasonable to use a combination of risk identification tools for PPP projects with a high level of complexity. The findings of the present study can greatly assist public and private partners to select the most appropriate tools for risk identification at the early stages of PPP projects.", + "Internet URL of Document": "http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/admsci9010017", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Engineering & Construction" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Administrative Sciences" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Democracy, Human Rights, & Governance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Peer-reviewed article or other research report", + "USAID Region": [ + "Asia" + ], + "Year": "2019" + }, + { + "Country(ies)": [ + "Zambia" + ], + "Document ID": "1903-AgDev-ZMB", + "Document Title": "STIMULATING THE POTATO VALUE CHAIN IN ZAMBIA Case study of the emerging transformational impact of AgDevCo’s investment in Saise Farming Enterprises Limited", + "Document Summary": "This case study examines how AgDevCo’s investment in Saise, Zambia’s first seed potato producer, contributes to the expansion of the value chain and encourages commercial farming. AgDevCo has given over $128 million to aid commercial agriculture businesses in eight countries in Africa. AgDevCo hopes to stimulate the Zambian economy with its partnership while working with Saise to partner with smallholder farmers. Its goal is to help create jobs and raise incomes and so far it has created 95 full time equivalent jobs, increased female participation in the workforce, benefitted smallholder farmers, and increased income for smallholder farmers. The potato value chain has been impacted by providing a transformational change due to the newly formed/expanded industries. ", + "Key Findings": "Although it is only three years since the initial investment was made, there are already emerging signs of transformational change. While there is some evidence that community uplift in the Mbala area will occur in the future as Saise injects income into local businesses both by purchasing goods and services and increasing incomes, Saise’s transformational impact mostly lies in the way it impacts the Zambian potato value chain. Figure 4, which summarises the logical pathway from Saise’s investment level changes to the expected transformational impact, shows how by producing local inputs in a newly established industry and neglected region, Saise is contributing to future crowding-in. This can be expected to happen through demonstration effects, efficiency gains and to a lesser extent by increasing demand for agricultural inputs and services.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://beamexchange.org/resources/1230/", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, and Hunting", + "Financial Services" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "AgDevCo" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Advancing Learning and Market Research;", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "UKAID", + "AgDevCo" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Economic Growth", + "Agriculture and Food Security" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Local Business", + "Financial Institution, Investors, and Intermediaries" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2019" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Catie Erskine", + "Alma Agusti Strid", + "Hashim Ahmed", + "Jennifer Armitage", + "Zachary Levey", + "Sara Rizzo", + "Kay Lau", + "James Ronicle", + "Korina Cox" + ], + "Document ID": "1903-Cox-MLT", + "Document Title": "Independent Evaluation of the UK Department for International Development’s Development Impact Bonds (DIBs) Pilot programme", + "Document Summary": "This evaluation report is the Independent Evaluation of the UK Department for International Development (DFID) Development Impact Bonds (DBIs) Pilot Programme. The DIBs pilot program runs for six years and gave 6.3 million pounds for three projects, “ICRC: Humanitarian Impact Bond for Physical Rehabilitation; Village Enterprise: Micro-Enterprise Poverty Graduation Impact Bond; and Support to British Asian Trust: to design impact bonds for education and other outcomes in South Asia.” The report aims to test whether DIBs are a tool that DFID can use and add value to DFID programs to support commissioning, management, and effectiveness of programs. The document gives many recommendations: be transparent, make contracts, build a database on interest rates, and prioritize the documentation of lessons learned. ", + "Key Findings": "The lessons of potential wider relevance for the design and set up phase of DIBs. These are split out against the DIB effects and different stages of designing and setting up DIBs. As discussed in section 3, there is not yet a predominant design for DIBs, and it is perhaps more helpful to understand DIBs as a funding class within which there is great\nvariation. The precise structure and nature of the DIBs depend on the stakeholders involved, their objectives for using the DIB and the organisational and regulatory requirements in place. These have implications for the DIB effects and for the process of design and set up phase. This diversity must be borne in mind when taking stock of the lessons learned to date.", + "Key Recommendations": "Recommendations to all DIB stakeholders\n• Be transparent and share lessons learned and key successes and failures (including DIBs that failed to launch) to facilitate dissemination of learning across the sector;\n• Make contracts, payment terms, feasibility studies, investor documents and learning documents publicly available;\n• Building a database on interest rates, outcome metrics and rate cards and drawing on private sector expertise on pricing risk would facilitate the growing of the DIBs market;\n• Prioritise the documentation of lessons learned and evaluation, in order to facilitate the development of a more finely grained understanding of what works, and in what contexts.\nRecommendations to DIB designers\n• Clearly agree upfront the roles and responsibilities of all involved parties, including how these responsibilities may change depending on circumstances;\n• When structuring the DIB, ensure that the contracts and governance arrangements have provisions for a range of potential eventualities;\n• Be clear about the objectives of using the DIB, and how the DIB is expected to resolve a policy problem. Then, structure the DIB so it focuses on delivering the targeted DIB effects, and seek to reduce transaction costs that do not contribute to the targeted effects of using the DIB. Be clear what is needed from stakeholders, including investors, outcome funders and advisors. This can affect whether hands-on or hands-off stakeholders are more appropriate.\n• Consider carefully the number and types of stakeholders involved, as, in this early stage of the market, complexities and potential inefficiencies increase with the number of stakeholders. Consider solutions to reduce this complexity, such as limiting the number of stakeholders involved or using contractual arrangements that simplify the processes required.\n• Develop outcome metrics and rate cards that are understood by all stakeholders and linked to other metrics used in the sector or country, to increase the value of the learning generated, minimise the costs of data collection and facilitate the broader DIB market and/or potential transition to a SIB.\n• Collaboration is important to reducing transaction costs. Seek to draw on the expertise and experience of stakeholders within the DIB.\n", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://iati.fcdo.gov.uk/iati_documents/49909563.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Financial Services" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Efficiency and Effectiveness", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Advancing Learning and Market Research;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Ecorys", + "UKAID" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "Impact Evaluation Report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Formal Sector" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Asia" + ], + "Year": "2019" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Verena Girschik", + "Jasper Hotho" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "1903-HOTH-GLO-pr", + "Document Title": "Corporate engagement in humanitarian action Concepts, challenges, and areas for international business research ", + "Document Summary": "The purpose of this paper is to open up new lines of research into the engagement of corporations during humanitarian crises. The paper provides an introduction to core concepts in the delivery of humanitarian assistance, as well as a comprehensive overview of when, why, how, and to what effect\ncorporations engage in humanitarian action. Building on extant literature and policy reports, the paper synthesizes concepts and insights to map the interdisciplinary field of research on corporate engagement in humanitarian action", + "Key Findings": "(pg. 201) The paper systematically reviews and describes different dimensions of corporate engagement for delivering humanitarian action and explains key complications that inspire new research questions. In particular, the paper highlights challenges associated with getting corporations to engage in humanitarian action; challenges associated with ensuring effective corporate engagement; and challenges associated with ensuring ethical engagement.\n\nBy raising new questions about corporate engagement in humanitarian action, this paper develops an original and positive research agenda for international business, management research, and related fields.", + "Key Recommendations": "(pg. 215) The aim of this article has been to encourage management research not to overlook or ignore this trend but instead consider private sector engagement in humanitarian action as an important area of research.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/cpoib-02-2019-0015/full/pdf?title=corporate-engagement-in-humanitarian-action-concepts-challenges-and-areas-for-international-business-research", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Pharmaceuticals", + "Financial Services", + "Retail", + "Technology" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "MasterCard", + "International SOS", + "Arla", + "Microsoft", + "Walmart", + "Mapp Biopharmaceutical" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Efficiency and Effectiveness", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Emerald Insight" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Humanitarian Assistance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Peer-reviewed article or other research report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Formal Sector", + "For-profit Commercial Entity" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2019" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Dan Killian", + "Dima Toukan", + "Jacob Patterson-Stein", + "Nikki Zimmerman" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Jordan" + ], + "Document ID": "1903-Killi-JOR", + "Document Title": "CITIES Evaluation Baseline Report", + "Document Summary": "Cities Implementing Transparent, Innovative, and Effective Solutions (CITIES), Jordan is an evaluation baseline report produced for review by the United States Agency for International Development. The document was prepared by Dan Killian, Dima Toukan, Jacob Patterson-Stein, and Nikki Zimmerman for Management Systems International (MSI), A Tetra Tech Company. This evaluation report contributes to an emerging body of evidence to help USAID better tailor subsequent democracy and governance investments in Jordan and elsewhere. The findings from this evaluation and the learning agenda also support USAID, the Government of Jordan, and the broader donor and governance community better understand the impact of decentralization efforts at the municipal institution level and for the citizens who ultimately benefit from efforts to make government more effective, equitable, and responsive.\n\nThe evaluation utilizes a mixed-methods, quasi-experimental design approach focusing on impact and performance. Critical aspects of the design include: 1) Quantitative institutional measures between 15 treatment and 15 comparison municipalities to measure changes in municipal capacity, 2) Qualitative interviews with key informants on state and local governance and decentralization, as well as small-scale surveys of direct beneficiaries of municipal service improvements, to inform contextual understanding and performance-related evaluation questions, and 3) A large-scale General Population household survey to assess public perception of municipal responsiveness and effectiveness. In addition, the evaluation also focuses on tracking implementation fidelity and a series of learning agenda questions to inform overall findings, conclusions, recommendations, and broader learning goals. Key limitations of this design include Unobservable factors and data scope, External validity, Changing implementation context, and Other donor activity. ", + "Key Findings": "Baseline data suggest that factors beyond the control of municipalities have a strong effect on municipal capacity\nand service delivery.\n\nMore time will be needed to determine the sustainability of specific CITIES interventions, but a number of factors\nand risks to sustainability emerged.\n\nBaseline data suggests that there has been some initial coordination between CITIES and other donor activities,\nbut there are salient gaps in overall donor coordination and synergy to overcome.", + "Key Recommendations": "Strengthening Implementation Effectiveness and Sustainability:\n• CITIES should focus more on contextually nuanced and technical training than awareness raising efforts especially when targeting municipal staff and leadership.\n• To the extent possible, CITIES should tie grants to needs identified in the needs manual sanctioned by official process.\n• CITIES should support the unification of all capacity building efforts under one institutional umbrella whether it is MOMA’s training directorate or another institution to increase\nsustainability and advocate that such efforts are sequenced to ensure effectiveness and knowledge retention and application.\n\nSynergy:\n• USAID and CITIES should continue, and increasingly take an active role, to strengthen inter-donor coordination related to support for municipal services and decentralization.\n• CITIES and the next ET should support efforts to capture learning generated by the multiple donors in the same development space as CITIES, and its application.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00TN4Z.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Business Services" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Chemonics International" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge", + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Advancing Learning and Market Research;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Youth", + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Democracy, Human Rights, & Governance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "American Business", + "Multi-national Business", + "For-profit approach that generates sustainable income" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Middle East" + ], + "Year": "2019" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Mercy Corps" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Colombia", + "Mexico", + "Honduras", + "Dominican Republic", + "El Salvador", + "Ghana", + "Bangladesh", + "Uganda", + "Kenya", + "Zambia", + "Nigeria", + "Malawi", + "Brazil", + "Rwanda", + "Burma", + "India" + ], + "Document ID": "1903-Mercy-MLT", + "Document Title": "Scaling High-Impact Innovations of Social Entrepreneurs: Final Report", + "Document Summary": "This document is a final report of the Innovation Investment Alliance (IIA), a funding and learning partnership established between the Skoll Foundation and USAID with support from Mercy Corps as USAID’s implementing partner. Based on the goals laid out in the Cooperative Agreement, success under this program was measured on three levels: 1) Mercy Corps’ management of the partnership activities and USAID’s funds distributed to recipient organizations as described in the Award Monitoring Plan (AMP), 2) Aggregate program results across all recipient organizations, which was measured using the Aggregate Impact Dashboard, and 3) Individual recipient organizations reported against their Performance Monitoring Plans (PMP), which are included as part of the Aggregate Impact Dashboard.\n\nMercy Corps has reported on its overall management of partnership activities and sub-awards using the AMP template developed in consultation with the IIA partners. It was revised and approved by USAID in the second program year. Mercy Corps subsequently re-ordered some of the indicators that underlie each Objective on the AMP, but with no change to the indicators themselves. Mercy Corps has also aggregated reach, outcome, and impact data from the PMPs of individual recipient organizations and reported the data in the Aggregate Impact Dashboard quarterly. The final report reviews the activities conducted under each of the three Objectives of Mercy Corps’ Cooperative Agreement. The review of each Objective also includes AMP performance data and a narrative corresponding to the AMP indicators aligned with that Objective. In addition, the report consists of a more detailed description of the PMPs and Aggregate Impact Dashboard.\n", + "Key Recommendations": "Lesson 1: Fund organizational outcomes, not activities.\n\nLesson 2: Fund pilots and testing at all stages.\n\nLesson 3: Explore performance metrics in partnership with grantees and other funders.\n\nLesson 4: To create systems change and disrupt the status quo, expect and encourage iteration and pivoting.\n\nLesson 5: Encourage and reward transparency.", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Financial Services", + "Business Services", + "Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, and Hunting", + "Pharmaceuticals", + "Health Care" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Evidence Action", + "Fundación Capital", + "Imazon", + "Living Goods", + "One Acre Fund", + "Proximity Designs", + "VisionSpring", + "WSUP Advisory" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships", + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment", + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Multi-national Business" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa", + "Asia", + "Latin America and the Carribean" + ], + "Year": "2019" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Stella Siegel", + "Brian Foster", + "Mark Stoughton", + "Ashley Fox", + "Josh Habib" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "1903-Siege-GLO", + "Document Title": "Sector Environmental Guideline: Crop Production", + "Document Summary": "This document presents one sector of the Sector Environmental Guidelines (SEGs) prepared for the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) under the Agency’s Global Environmental Management Support Project (GEMS II). It covers the Agricultural Crop Production Sector. For this document, crop production is the branch of agriculture that deals with growing crops for food, fiber, feed, and fuel.\n\nConsistent with the entire SEG series, this Crop Production SEG aims to support Environmentally Sound Design and Management (ESDM) of crop production activities commonly supported by USAID in efforts to reduce poverty, increase resilience, and improve nutrition. ESDM means that activities are appropriate for the environmental context, resilient to foreseeable changes in this environment, and designed and implemented to minimize adverse impacts on the environment, health, and communities—and to maximize environmental co-benefits when consistent with their primary objective. This SEG supports ESDM by providing plain-language information regarding 1) The environmental and social context of the crop production sector; 2) The potential environmental and social impacts of crop production actions supported by USAID; 3) Measures for preventing or otherwise mitigating adverse social and environmental impacts of crop production activities, both through sound design and by integrating environmental and social mitigation measures into implementation; 4) Measures for minimizing the vulnerability of activities to climate change; and 5) More detailed resources for further exploration of these issues.\n\nSection A: Crop Production Sector Description briefly describes the crop production sector focusing on those elements most relevant to environmental and social impacts and their mitigation. Section B: Quick Reference Guide summarizes the impacts and mitigation measures presented in sections B and C. Cross-references to discussing these issues in the main text are provided. Section C: Potential Environmental Impacts of Crop Production describes potential impacts— whether direct or indirect--of the crop production actions commonly supported by USAID. Section D: Mitigation Recommendations, Including Design Measures, provides general and sometimes specific mitigation measures for mitigating the adverse impacts described in Section C, and Section E: Resources and References provides a linked bibliography for further learning. ", + "Key Recommendations": "Minimize agricultural land expansion by intensifying production using inputs and improved techniques to increase productivity and reduce losses per unit of land, therefore reducing the pressures\nfor land conversion.\n\nPromote alternative livelihoods such as value-adding businesses based in non-traditional agriculture or non-timber forest products.\n\nMaintain appropriate riparian buffers both to control streambank erosion and to reduce surface water pollution.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.usaid.gov/sites/default/files/2022-05/CropProduction_SEG_25Mar2019.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, and Hunting" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Global GAP" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Ability to Influence Policy", + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID", + "The Cadmus Group" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Conflict" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Agriculture and Food Security" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Multi-national Business", + "Formal Sector" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2019" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "1903-USAID-GLO", + "Document Title": "Developmental Evaluation Pilot Sustained Uptake: Final Report March 2019", + "Document Summary": "This document is a final report of the Developmental Evaluation Pilot Sustained Uptake produced and published the USAID in collaboration with Social Impact, William Davidson Institute, and Search for Common Ground. The report highlights that USAID's U.S. Global Development Lab (the Lab) has evolved its programming related to scaling, adoption, acceleration, and uptake. This evolution occurred in response to the Lab’s charter to “source, test, and scale” development solutions and was also informed by ad hoc learnings from previous efforts. Following the Lab Wide Priorities (LWPs) conception, the Lab agreed to undertake active learning to understand better and implement different approaches to scale/sustained uptake. Over nearly two years, the Developmental Evaluation Pilot Activity (DEPA-MERL) supported Lab teams using a developmental evaluation (DE) approach. The DE approach helped several Lab teams and offices – including Digital Development for Feed the Future (D2FTF), Scaling Off-Grid Energy (SOGE), Digital Financial Services (DFS), Digital Inclusion (DI), and the Office of Evaluation, Impact, and Assessment (EIA) – to rigorously collect, analyze, and disseminate learnings regarding the sustained uptake of innovations these teams seek to promote within and beyond USAID. The DE appealed to the teams given its innovative and rigorous nature and, most importantly, its emphasis on providing timely, on-demand, and use-focused deliverables.\n\nThroughout its engagement, the Sustained Uptake DE worked with seven teams in the Lab over 22 months. In doing so, teams engaged in capacity building around sustainability planning. The Developmental Evaluator (Evaluator) employed appreciative inquiry, positive deviance case studies, process tracing, outcome harvesting, and various facilitated work with the DE teams. These evaluative efforts contributed to an iterative database used throughout the DE, resulting in evidence informed by 474 sources and 1,675 unique data points. ", + "Key Findings": "The DE:\n• Identified effective and efficient models to achieve sustained uptake with both internal and external audiences.\n• Helped six teams develop and implement Sustainability Plans and exit strategies, improving sustainability of programming and increasing the understanding of pathways to scale for the teams’ respective innovations.\n• Created and disseminated the Mission Engagement Playbook – a how-to manual built on evidence from the DE on how to work with USAID Missions effectively – that improved the efficiency and effectiveness of Mission-HQ relationships for teams who implemented the guidance.\n• Improved working relationships between Bureaus and with private sector partners.\n• Helped teams’ design pathways to scale, including their ability to assess ecosystem-level impact.\n• Improved team culture for five teams focusing on developing action-oriented, adaptive decision-making.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://2017-2020.usaid.gov/sites/default/files/documents/15396/DE_Final_report.pdf", + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2019" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Ukraine" + ], + "Document ID": "1903-USAID-UKR", + "Document Title": "Municipal Energy Reform Project -- Ukraine (MERP): Final Report", + "Document Summary": "This document serves to evaluate the Rural Development Support Project in Ukraine after the decentralization of the pro-Russian government. The decentralization gave local level communities more power, which caused the project to focus on creating sustainable living environments for local communities. This bottom-up approach to supporting a sustainable future focused on two goals: improving rules and regulations governing land-market reform and enhancing agricultural value chains and their supporting functions. The document then reviews how the ARDS system is being used by looking at value chains of different agricultural sectors. ", + "Key Findings": "Coordination of donors active in the area is essential during the first phase of an initiative.\n\nEstablishing a focused working group by assisted institution, with participation of Project expert(s) in the working group, imparts the institution with a sense of ownership of the drafted legal item.\n\nCity management priorities is one of the key factors in attracting funding.\n\nBroad inclusion of multiple national stakeholders promotes national ownership of the suggested initiative.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00TMT1.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Energy" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Environment/Climate Change" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Europe and Eurasia" + ], + "Year": "2019" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Katie Whitehouse" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Kenya", + "Burkina Faso" + ], + "Document ID": "1903-WHITE-MLT", + "Document Title": "Adopting a Market Based Approach to Boost Energy Access in Displaced Contexts", + "Document Summary": "The Moving Energy Initiative (MEI) has garnered insights and lessons that are widely applicable to interventions in various protracted displacement situations. This paper is based on interviews with the MEI project delivery teams in Burkina Faso, Kenya and the UK, as well as project evaluation consultants from IMC Worldwide. It also makes use of MEI project materials and current literature on markets, energy access and protracted displacement contexts.\nThis paper evaluates the market-based approaches adopted in the MEI projects in Kenya and Burkina Faso. It articulates how such commercial strategies can be applied to the delivery of energy in displacement settings and compares this to real world examples, highlighting areas for improvement for practitioners and donors in future programming.\nThis paper should be read in conjunction with the publicly available learning briefs and output documents produced for the MEI research projects in Kenya and Burkina Faso, which provide detailed overviews of each research project. \n\nThe first section of this paper provides an overview of the energy access imperative in protracted displacement settings as well as the rationale for considering market-based approaches for energy provision. The second and third sections of the paper reflect on the experience of adopting commercial approaches in the delivery of energy in refugee camps.", + "Key Findings": "• Development of long-term energy solutions in displacement settings tends to be perceived as investment that falls outside the remit of emergency responses. In addition, when emergency energy supply measures are implemented they often result in expensive, unreliable and unhealthy energy provision for those in protracted or recurrent crises.\n• There is widespread agreement among humanitarian and development experts that an effective refugee response should include long-term development solutions as well as emergency relief.\n• The energy access imperative is more pronounced when considering the need for effective energy distribution in practically all camp activities and basic necessities: pumping and treatment of clean water; heating and cooling for food storage and cooking; energy for livelihood activities; and provision of light for schooling, hospitals and the prevention of violence against women and children.\n• Minor shifts in household energy use to basic solar lighting options and non-wood fuels would save $303 million annually on refugee fuel costs.\n• Within refugee contexts in Kenya and Burkina Faso, the MEI sought to examine opportunities to use market interventions, rather than in-kind distributions, to improve clean energy access over the long-term and test the delivery of market-based approaches.", + "Key Recommendations": "The MEI projects in Burkina Faso and Kenya have provided the perfect opportunity to take risks and showcase the potential for a different development approach. The MEI’s research – from energy market assessments to intervention delivery – has shown that there is a case for improving energy access for displaced populations and their hosts through market-based approaches.\nAlthough the overall objectives of the projects have yet to be realized, there are many useful lessons for any sector working on market-based approaches in a protracted displacement context.\nImportantly, the MEI has not only articulated the intervention activities conducted in each country, but also assessed the contextual, operational and programmatic factors that influence their successful design and delivery. These lessons are often lost as the humanitarian and development sectors try to find the perfect market-intervention activity (noting that there will never be a ‘one size fits all’ intervention), but they are important in facilitating success.\nSharing practical experience and delivering training to support practitioners in designing and delivering optimum market interventions, although valuable, will be ineffective if they are working in an operating environment that will ultimately undermine these efforts.\nIt is futile to try to deliver market-based approaches in isolation in a constantly changing, protracted-crisis context that is heavily distorted by the activities of other aid agencies. Sustaining the outcomes of any market-based intervention will be contingent on effective communication and decision-making by others in the aid sector.\nMulti-stakeholder forums should use the results of the MEI projects to facilitate difficult discussions on what is an acceptable outcome in protracted displacement contexts, on how aid agencies position themselves throughout the crisis life cycle, and on how this affects the role, coordination and collaboration of agencies.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.chathamhouse.org/sites/default/files/publications/research/2019-03-25-MEIWhitehouse.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Energy" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "NRC", + "Practical Action", + "Chattam House", + "Energy 4 Impact" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Ability to Influence Policy" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Moving Energy Initiative" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Humanitarian Assistance" + ], + "Type of Document": "White Paper/Think Tank Report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Formal Sector" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2019" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Ruta Aidis", + "Delia Khaled" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Dominican Republic", + "Guatemala", + "El Salvador", + "Honduras", + "Peru" + ], + "Document ID": "1904-Aidis-MLT", + "Document Title": "Women's Economic Empowerment and Equality (WE3) Technical Assistance: Municipal Waste Management and Recycling WE3 Gender Analysis Report ", + "Document Summary": "This document is a Municipal Waste Management and Recycling WE3 Gender Analysis Report. Banyan Global prepared the report for review by the United States Agency for International Development. USAID’s E3/LU and E3/GenDev offices are collaborating to ensure the integration of WE3 into new activity design and implementation. To best understand the context, opportunities, challenges, and innovative ways to integrate, address, and strengthen WE3 in the LAC WMR sector, E3/LU and E3/GenDev requested that Banyan Global, through the WE3 TA task order under ADVANTAGE IDIQ, conduct a limited WE3 gender analysis to inform the design of the new program. This analysis broadly covers gender and WE3 issues affecting the WMR sector and identifies opportunities and recommendations for interventions that will strengthen and scale women’s economic empowerment in the sector. The geographic scope of the analysis is global, with further investigation focusing on the LAC region. Country-level analysis of the Dominican Republic, Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, and Peru is based on key stakeholder interviews and document reviews.\n\nBased on an in-depth desk review and KIIs, the analysis provides an overview of the roles and status of women and men in the WMR sector and identifies WE3-related gender disparities therein. Guided by USAID’s ADS 205 domains, the analysis intentionally integrated a WE3 lens and tested WE3 analytical tools developed by the USAID ADVANTAGE WE3 TA task order. Specifically, the newly developed WE3 gender analysis illustrative questions are organized by five categories relevant to making progress on WE3: markets; finance; decent work and income; assets; and human capital. The team used the WE3 gender analysis illustrative questions and analysis of initial findings to refine the research questions and used the accompanying WE3 literature review worksheet to capture the literature review findings and identify the gaps in data to inform the development of interview tools for KIIs.", + "Key Findings": "1. Gender integration in the waste management and recycling sector globally has been negligible.\n\n2. A traditional gendered division of labor exists throughout the WMR sector globally.\n\n3. Gendered power relations within the informal sector restrict women’s access to recyclables.\n\n4. Sexual harassment and abuse are significant issues affecting women and inhibiting their advancement throughout the recycling value chain.\n\n5. The absence of data, in general, and sex-disaggregated data, are a widely acknowledged problem throughout the WMR sector globally.", + "Key Recommendations": "WMR interventions should:\n1. Carefully tailor programs at the country level to address gendered barriers to women’s economic empowerment along the WMR value chain.\n2. Incorporate activities that strengthen GBV awareness, prevention and reporting throughout the value chain\n3. Strengthen women’s leadership and organization within the WMR value chain.\n4. Improve gender equity in access to recyclables for informal male and female waste-pickers and collectors.\n5. Increase women’s access to, understanding and application of market information", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://banyanglobal.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/USAID-MWMR-WE3-GA-Report_Banyan-Global_ADVANTAGE_FINAL_Apr_18_2019.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Food & Beverage", + "Retail" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "GAP", + "PepsiCo", + "Walmart" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships", + "Reputation and Credible Convening Power", + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment", + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Democracy, Human Rights, & Governance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "For-profit approach that generates sustainable income", + "Multi-national Business", + "American Business", + "Large Enterprise" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Latin America and the Carribean" + ], + "Year": "2019" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Michel Botzung", + "Jan Schwier", + "Jiyeon Janice Ryu", + "Soa Andrian", + "Danielle Berfond" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Syria", + "Jordan", + "Kenya", + "Rwanda", + "Uganda", + "Chad", + "Ethiopia", + "Sudan", + "South Sudan" + ], + "Document ID": "1904-BERFO-GLO", + "Document Title": "Private Sector & Refugees: Pathways to Scale", + "Document Summary": "Rampant wars, conflict, and persecution are driving the world’s displaced population to record high numbers. According to United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), by the end of 2017, more than 68 million people worldwide were forcibly displaced—more than the entire population of the United Kingdom. More than a third of displaced persons have become refugees, seeking safety across international borders.\n\nA new IFC study—Private Sector & Refugees: Pathways to Scale—produced in partnership with The Bridgespan Group, takes an unprecedented look at over 170 initiatives in both Africa and the Middle East to understand the nature of, and derive lessons from, private sector engagement with refugees and host communities.\n\nThe study is the first to assess the landscape of initiatives and identify critical enablers for impact and scale and common pathways of private sector engagement that go beyond funding humanitarian assistance.", + "Key Findings": "Appendix B lists over 100 private sector engagements. \n\nFour principles for effective private sector collaboration:\nBased on our survey and stakeholder interviews, we have developed a set of emerging principles for effective private sector collaboration in the refugee space.\n1. Orient around the problem\n2. Define strength-based roles \n3. Dedicate empowered resources\n4. Test and learn \n\nFour critical information needs:\nThrough our research, we found four common categories of information and data that are critical to deeper private sector engagement with refugees and host communities.\n1. Refugee skill sets and qualifications\n2. Refugee demands and preferences \n3. Local context and environment \n4. Other private sector activity \n\nWith the right enablers in place – more flexible financing, effective cross-sector partnerships, and accessible information – the impact and scale of private sector efforts could deepen, improving the lives of refugees and host communities around the globe. \n\n", + "Key Recommendations": "To run a refugee-inclusive business: start small and learn from experience; invest in understanding refugees' economic and environmental context. To support refugee-inclusive businesses: foster a small business-friendly market environment; provide short-term funding/capital as companies work toward sustainability. ", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.ifc.org/wps/wcm/connect/region__ext_content/ifc_external_corporate_site/sub-saharan+africa/resources/psr-pathways-to-scale", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Technology", + "Financial Services", + "Educational Services", + "Other", + "Energy", + "Telecommunications" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "EDP", + "KOIS", + "Airtel Uganda", + "Itworx Education", + "IKEA Foundation", + "Equity Bank", + "Inyenyeri", + "Sanivation", + "Luminus Education Group", + "IrisGuard" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness", + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments", + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;", + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "The Bridgespan Group", + "International Finance Corporation" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Conflict" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Humanitarian Assistance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Formal Sector", + "Financial Institution, Investors, and Intermediaries", + "Large Enterprise", + "Local Business", + "Multi-national Business" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Global", + "Middle East", + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2019" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Katie Malouf Bous" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Uganda", + "Pakistan", + "Liberia", + "South Africa", + "India", + "Philippines", + "Burkina Faso" + ], + "Document ID": "1904-BOUS-MLT", + "Document Title": "False Promises: How delivering education through public-private partnerships risks fueling inequality instead of achieving quality education for all", + "Document Summary": "World Bank technical support to countries on eduation is delivered through its Systems Approach for Better Education Results (SABER) program. Oxfam analyzes SABER's recommendations and policy advice incentivizes expanding the role of the private sector in education, and this paper finds that the World Bank should redesign or do away with its SABER policy advice on the private sector. Oxfam further recommends that governments should invest resources to public education and regulate private education providers. ", + "Key Findings": "Despite impressive global progress on education over the last several decades, pressing challenges remain in improving access and learning, and mobilizing adequate resources. However, this report finds that education PPPs are not a shortcut to success, and that their claimed benefits amount to false promises. A growing body of academic evidence shows that PPPs do not consistently deliver better education outcomes and at the same time are deepening inequality in education. Particular concerns are raised by market-oriented approaches that fund for-profit private schools or seek to expand competitive markets for education, creating incentives for exclusion and socioeconomic segregation. Low-fee private schools have been shown to disproportionately exclude girls and exploit the labor rights of teachers, who are predominantly women in many countries. \n\nHowever, this report finds that the World Bank is actively advising countries to adopt a PPP approach in education and expand the role of private education provision through its SABER policy advice. Oxfam’s research also finds the World Bank’s financing portfolio for this approach, while still modest, is significant and growing. Case studies from Uganda and Pakistan highlight the Bank’s instrumental role in supporting the expansion of private education provision through its policy advice and lending. Taken together with increased direct funding of commercial schools through the IFC, these trends are cause for deep concern.", + "Key Recommendations": "- The World Bank should cease its advocacy and funding for market oriented education PPPs, especially those that support low-fee and commercial private schools, and instead redouble its focus on supporting governments to strengthen public education provision. It should redesign or do away with its SABER policy advice on the private sector. The International Finance Corporation should stop funding K-12 commercial schools.\n- Governments should devote the maximum available resources to public education including at least six percent of GDP and 20 percent of national budgets, and avoid diverting scarce public resources and attention away from the essential task of building free, good-quality, inclusive public schools. They should adequately regulate private education providers, especially commercial schools. \n- The Global Partnership for Education and other donors should focus their support on improving the provision of public schooling in developing countries, and should not fund market-oriented education PPPs, especially those that support low-fee and commercial private schools. Donors should substantially increase their aid commitments to education, stop funding commercial schools through their private finance arms, and insist that the World Bank reorient its approach away from PPPs and commercial schools.\n- All actors must ensure that their efforts are compatible with the progressive realization of the right to education and gender equality.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com/bitstream/handle/10546/620720/bp-world-bank-education-ppps-090419-en.pdf;jsessionid=73D445501502E2A79066671478D6F1FC?sequence=1", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Educational Services", + "Financial Services" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Ability to Influence Policy", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Advancing Learning and Market Research;", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;", + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Oxfam International" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Education and Social Services", + "Democracy, Human Rights, & Governance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Landscape Analysis", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "For-profit Commercial Entity", + "Corporate Foundation", + "Financial Institution, Investors, and Intermediaries", + "Informal Sector" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2019" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Michael Minkoff", + "Josh Habib", + "Richard Kangalawe", + "Daudi Msangameno", + "Geofrey Mwanjela", + "Hussein Sosovele" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Tanzania" + ], + "Document ID": "1904-Cadmu-TZA", + "Document Title": "USAID/Tanzania Biodiversity and Tropical Forestry (FAA 118/119) Assessment", + "Document Summary": "This document is prepared by the Cadmus Group LLC and ICF, the USAID/Tanzania Biodiversity and Tropical Forestry (FAA 118/119) assessment report. This report analyzes tropical forests and biodiversity throughout Tanzania. It supports the USAID/Tanzania Mission in informing the strategic planning and prioritization for the next Country Development Cooperation Strategy (CDCS) for 2019-2024. Specifically, this Assessment identifies the following, as required by FAA Sections 118 and 119: (1) The actions necessary in that country to achieve conservation and sustainable management of tropical forests and biodiversity, and (2) The extent to which the actions proposed for support by the Agency meet the needs thus identified.\n\nThe Assessment covers the country's context and biophysical setting; the status of biodiversity and tropical forests; the legal and institutional framework in the country related to biodiversity and tropical forests; and the value and economic potential of biodiversity and tropical forests. It then analyzes direct threats and their drivers (i.e., root causes) to identify actions necessary for biodiversity and tropical forestry conservation. The Assessment discusses how USAID programming contributes to necessary measures and offers guiding principles and targeted recommendations for future USAID programming to support biodiversity and tropical forests conservation. The Assessment consisted of five phases: Phase 1: Work Planning; Phase 2: Desk-based research, preliminary writing, DC-based consultations, and logistical arrangements for in-country site visits and consultations; Phase 3: In-country consultations and site visits; Phase 4: Post-field work DC- and Tanzania-based consultations; and Phase 5: Report writing.\n\nThe Assessment used: i) A desk-based review of relevant scientific literature, published reports, and media accounts; ii). Stakeholder consultation with US- (predominantly Washington, DC) and Tanzania-based key informants from civil society, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), United States Government (USG), Government of Tanzania (GoT), multilateral donors, and the private sector; iii) Limited in-country site visits; iv) Geographic Information System (GIS) analysis; and v) Insight and professional best judgment from the six core members of the assessment team.", + "Key Findings": "The Assessment Team identified the most significant threats to biodiversity as follows:\n• land use change from internal migration,\n• agricultural expansion,\n• livestock grazing and expansion,\n• unsustainable wood fuel production (firewood, timber, and charcoal),\n• poaching and wildlife trafficking, and\n• bushmeat hunting and unsustainable fishing.", + "Key Recommendations": "1. Geographically align future food security and biodiversity-funded NRM programs such that technical assistance in the appropriate livelihoods will be integrated with land use and resource management planning as part of an NRM program.\n\n2. Support research in promoting viable energy alternatives that will be less damaging to biodiversity than existing options and exploring renewable energy feed-in tariff or energy subsidy programs that could improve non-biomass energy use in urban areas.\n\n3. Introduce dedicated programming focused on conservation of biodiversity and tropical forests in coastal landscapes, targeting the Coastal Forests of Eastern Africa Biodiversity Hotspot and marine ecosystems.\n\n4. Continue working with relevant GoT agencies, other donors, and IPs to support CWT initiatives through capacity building and training for law enforcement, rangers, and village game scouts.\n\n5. Introduce integrated family planning programming in high population growth areas that also have high biodiversity value.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00TP93.pdf", + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships", + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;", + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Youth", + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Environment/Climate Change" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2019" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "David Clarke", + "Mostafa Hunter", + "Shana Doerr", + "Gerard Schmets", + "Agnes Soucat", + "Aurelie Paviza" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "1904-Clark-GLO-pr", + "Document Title": "The Private Sector and Universal Health Coverage", + "Document Summary": "This brief paper suggests the approaches to managing and, where appropriate, engaging the private sector as part of efforts to achieve Universal Health Coverage (UHC). The paper highlights that the attributes of these actors include whether they are for-profit or not-for-profit, their social intentions, whether they have domestic or foreign affiliations, their social and ethical behavior, and their willingness to support the government’s health policies. After mapping the different private sector actors in a health system, governments should engage in multistakeholder dialogues to establish their policy on the private sector and UHC. Multistakeholder involvement is vital because it can uncover risks and conflicts of interest and strengthen health system accountability. Third is implementing the government’s policy on the role of the private sector for UHC, with a mix of legal and financial regulatory tools to manage the private sector and steer efforts towards achieving UHC. \n\nAs the coordinating authority on health within the United Nations (UN) system, the WHO is widely perceived as a neutral organization with no vested interest in supporting private healthcare provision. WHO can therefore ensure the topic is addressed while safeguarding core health values of equity, quality, and financial protection. WHO is actively working to support Member States to develop policy on the private sector and UHC, strengthen the Member States’ capacity to make informed decisions, and develop and implement suitable regulatory and financial tools for managing the private sector and public–private partnerships. Moreover, international health partnerships, such as UHC20309, are providing a platform for WHO, the World Bank, civil society organizations, and other partners to engage in dialogue with the private sector regarding the role of the private sector in reaching UHC. \n", + "Key Findings": "The sustainable development goals (SDGs) of Transforming our world, the 2030 agenda for sustainable development, and specifically SDG 17, call for cooperation, collaboration and partnership between government, civil society and businesses. To reach the agenda’s objectives, the international community needs to find ways to effectively harness the public and private sectors. The SDGs are integrated and indivisible, with progress in one area dependent upon progress in others. Both the private and public sector are needed to meet the health-related SDG 3, including the target of universal health coverage (UHC) and related goals such as SDG 8 (decent work and economic growth) and SDG 9 (industry, innovation and infrastructure).", + "Key Recommendations": "Here we suggest the following approach to managing, and where appropriate, engaging the private sector as part of efforts to achieve UHC.\n\nFirst, governments should take the lead and formulate domestic health goals and priorities.\n\nSecond, as the private sector is heterogeneous, context-specific policy approaches are required to align the work of the private sector with the goal of achieving UHC.\n\nThird, is implementation of the government’s policy on the role of the private sector for UHC, with a mix of legal and financial regulatory tools to manage the private sector and steer efforts towards achieving UHC.", + "Internet URL of Document": "http://dx.doi.org/10.2471/BLT.18.225540", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Health Care", + "Pharmaceuticals", + "Technology", + "Financial Services" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities", + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment", + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "World Health Organization (WHO)" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Health" + ], + "Type of Document": "Peer-reviewed article or other research report", + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2019" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Leslie Hodel", + "Basab Dasgupta" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Malawi" + ], + "Document ID": "1904-Hodel-MWI", + "Document Title": "Malawi CDCS Integrated Development Impact Evaluation", + "Document Summary": "This document, the ‘Malawi CDCS Integrated Development Impact Evaluation Endline Report,’ was produced at the request of the United States Agency for International Development. It was prepared independently by Leslie G. Hodel and Basab Dasgupta of Social Impact, Inc. This evaluation aimed to determine the validity of USAID/Malawi’s CDCS integration hypothesis and assist it in determining whether an integrated programming approach improves the quality of life for beneficiaries. This report offers an opportunity for USAID to evaluate a broad countrywide strategy using rigorous methods. The evaluation team addressed this. What impact has the integration of USAID investments through the CDCS Development Objectives had on improving the quality of life for targeted communities?\n\nThe evaluation follows a quasi-experimental mixed methods design. The three districts USAID/Malawi had targeted for the FI approach were grouped into the primary study arm. Districts with colocated projects within the PI zone were eligible for a secondary study arm selection. HSO districts targeted only for health sector projects were suitable for a single-sector comparison arm to which PI and FI would be compared. At baseline, the evaluation team used USAID geographic information system (GIS) data to restrict random sampling of census enumeration areas to only those located within the eight-kilometer catchment area of health facilities supported by SSDI. The evaluation team employed the most rigorous design and methods possible while remaining flexible to USAID/Malawi programmatic priorities and constraints. This flexibility introduced several important limitations. Most importantly, differences in outcomes between FI, PI, and HSO districts cannot be attributed to coordination and collaboration along with a high level of confidence, as these three types of districts also differed in the amount of investment made, with full integration districts having the highest investments across more than four sectors in most areas. Another limitation was that because districts were not randomly assigned to each treatment group, numerous factors could influence outcomes measured in each district, whether external or internal factors.", + "Key Findings": "Compared to HSO districts, and controlling for other factors, USAID’s Full Integration approach significantly improved perceived well-being as well as several outcomes related to health behavior change, health service quality, and nutrition and food security.\n\nCompared to the HSO districts, the Partial Integration approach exerted positive impacts on even more outcomes than FI districts.\n\nCompared to HSO, both PI and FI had significantly lower likelihood of improving the prevalence of 2nd grade literacy, lower likelihood of using mobile phone technology to report/receive government service or business information, and lower likelihood of respondents feeling they were able to control improvements to well-being.", + "Key Recommendations": "1. USAID/Malawi should continue to practice integration in some form in its development strategy.\n\n2. USAID/Malawi should work to improve local government transparency and platforms for citizen engagement.\n\n3. USAID/Malawi should work to aggressively address food insecurity to provide a secure foundation for other well-being improvements.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00TNP3.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Business Services" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Social Impact" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships", + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments", + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Education and Social Services", + "Agriculture and Food Security", + "Democracy, Human Rights, & Governance", + "Environment/Climate Change", + "Economic Growth", + "Health" + ], + "Type of Document": "Impact Evaluation Report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "For-profit approach that generates sustainable income", + "Multi-national Business" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2019" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Humanitarian Leadership Academy", + "HSBC" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "1904-HSBC-GLO", + "Document Title": "The role of the Private Sector in Humanitarian Action: Progress and Prognosis", + "Document Summary": "HSBC, as one of the world’s leading financial institutions, alongside the\nHumanitarian Leadership Academy (the Academy), a global learning initiative for the humanitarian sector, have recently partnered to better understand the most efficient and effective ways that business can contribute positively to humanitarian action. In this jointly authored paper, [they] aim to:\n1. Articulate the business case for private sector engagement in humanitarian\naction.\n2. Provide ‘best case’ examples of partnering between the humanitarian and\nprivate sectors.\n3. Signpost useful resources for further information and inspiration.", + "Key Findings": "The private sector can utilize its varied competencies and skills to assist the strengthening of humanitarian capacity through both short-term and long-term solutions. Globally, the private sector has and will continue to provide new practices and perspectives that contribute to improvements in the effectiveness of assistance. The private sector within a country or region affected by crisis plays an even more critical role, by mobilizing important local knowledge and networks that can improve or facilitate humanitarian response efforts and help rebuild the post-disaster economy and therefore community.", + "Key Recommendations": "As an additional checklist for innovative and positive action, we propose the following key actions to advance progress in humanitarian/private sector partnerships:\n\n• Build a solution-focused project team, avoiding internal silos and being open-minded to new ways of working. The ‘Agile’ approach provides a useful starting point, as does the ‘scrum’12 project management method and other innovative approaches such as ‘design thinking.\n• Be social and communicate about the process as well as the outcome –commit to the advancement of the entire humanitarian sector, not just the organization with whom you partner.\n• Create and stick to a partnership charter as well as the contract – to build mutual trust and equitable status.\n• Don’t underestimate the power of an inspired individual – we are all innovators with the ability to initiate or to drive positive change in the humanitarian sector.\n• Don’t let internal ‘naysayers’ hold you back – neither sector yet has the answer to everything, but the pace of positive impact is faster and more effective when we work together.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.humanitarianleadershipacademy.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/HSBCandtheAcademy_PrivateSectorHumanitarianAction_April2019_FINAL.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Pharmaceuticals", + "Financial Services", + "Telecommunications", + "Transportation and Warehousing" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "GlaxoSmithKline", + "TNT", + "Google", + "HSBC" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Humanitarian Leadership Academy", + "HSBC" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Humanitarian Assistance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "For-profit Commercial Entity", + "Multi-national Business", + "Large Enterprise", + "Financial Institution, Investors, and Intermediaries", + "Formal Sector" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2019" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Christine Lasway", + "Stella Mujaya" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Tanzania" + ], + "Document ID": "1904-Laswa-TZA", + "Document Title": "Resource Landscape and Priorities for Family Planning Investments in Tanzania", + "Document Summary": "Authored by Christine Lasway and Stella Mujaya, HP+ is a Policy brief on Resource Landscape and Priorities for Family Planning Investments in Tanzania. In 2018, the Health Policy Plus (HP+) project, funded by the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID), conducted a rapid family planning resource assessment to ascertain the likelihood and contexts for mobilizing near-future funding for the NFPCIP 2019–2023. As part of the analysis, HP+ conducted interviews with 19 stakeholders—including representatives from the Ministry of Health, Community Development, Gender, Elderly, and Children; the President's Office Regional Administration and Local Government; and development and implementing partners—to gauge the likelihood of mobilizing domestic and foreign resources to support NFPCIP 2019–2023 objectives. This information, together with findings from an ongoing funding gap analysis conducted for the plan's first year, is intended to inform the development of a resource mobilization and allocation plan. \n\nThe report highlights that the Government of Tanzania committed to increasing its national allocation for family planning commodities from USD 6.1 million to about USD 7.4 million by 2020. However, since the median estimated cost of commodities per year under the NFPCIP 2019–2023 is about USD 20 million, this funding allocation level, if fully disbursed, will only cover 36 percent of the required commodities budget, and the likelihood for even this level of funding to be disbursed is uncertain. Donor funding has been the mainstay of financing for Tanzania's family planning program for decades. Tanzania receives family planning funding support directly from a variety of donors, including Australian Aid, the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (BMGF), KfW Group, a prominent anonymous donor, the U.K. Department for International Development (DFID), the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), USAID, and the World Health Organization (WHO), among others, and through the Health Basket Fund, which UNFPA funds, UNICEF, the World Bank, and the countries of Canada, Denmark, Ireland, and Switzerland. Seven direct donors' self-reports showed that an estimated USD 154 million was disbursed to fund the family planning program between 2015 and 2017. USAID reported the largest amount of investment of those donors, at USD 79.2 million (52 percent), followed by an anonymous donor at USD 29.6 million (19.2 percent). ", + "Key Recommendations": "1. Optimize use of resources by maximizing technical and management efficiencies.\n\n2. Enhance advocacy efforts to position family planning as a means of supporting the country’s development agenda.\n\n3. Leverage the private sector to improve equitable access.\n\n4. Include family planning in health insurance benefits packages.", + "Internet URL of Document": "http://www.healthpolicyplus.com/ns/pubs/11305-11562_TZFPLandscapeBrief.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Financial Services" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "KfW Group" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge", + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "HP+", + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Health" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Multi-national Business", + "Financial Institution, Investors, and Intermediaries" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2019" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "John Magistro", + "John McCauley" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Cambodia" + ], + "Document ID": "1904-Magis-KHM", + "Document Title": "Mid-Term Performance Evaluation of Feed the Future Cambodia Harvest II", + "Document Summary": "This document is a final report of the Mid-Term Performance Evaluation of Feed the Future Cambodia Harvest II. The document was produced at the request of the United States Agency for International Development. It was prepared independently by John Magistro and John McCauley of The Mitchell Group, Inc. (TMG), with research support from Socheat Keo of the Cambodia Development Resource Institute (CDRI). The purpose of the MTE was to assess project implementation, identify learning opportunities, and provide findings and actionable recommendations for future activity planning and implementation of a blended Buyer-Led Approach (BLA) and Market Systems Approach (MSA) to the growth of the horticulture sector in Cambodia.\n\nA mixed methods approach was employed featuring structured Focused Assessment Surveys (FAS) and qualitative data analysis of structured key informant interviews (KIIs) and semi-structured focus group discussions (FGDs). The analytical approach focused on a BLA as the transitional fulcrum of a blended BLA and Market Systems Approach (MSA) in which Feed the Future Cambodia Harvest II partners and non-partners were surveyed, interviewed, and organized in gender-segregated and mixed-gender groups. Data analysis for the MTE involves triangulation of Focused Assessment Survey (FAS) survey data with KII and FGD observations collected by salient response patterns and thematic areas that provide the contextual understanding and descriptive analyses to interpret quantitative findings better.\n\nKII and FGD findings are organized as recurring identified factors that either facilitate or constrain the achievement of KIAs under each sub-purpose and EQ. Where possible, the ET has also used supporting secondary data from the Feed the Future Cambodia Harvest II performance indicators to support FAS and KII/FGD data findings. The FAS survey team conducted individual interviews with 549 respondents across the four provinces in the ZOI, involving 328 partners and 221 non-partners. The sample included 43 KIIs and 16 FGDs in the four provinces of the ZOI. Consistent with USAID Evaluation Policy, the team applied a gender lens throughout the MTE.", + "Key Findings": "Findings reveal that the project has made progress in\nincreasing sales, employment, and investment opportunities among horticulture sector actors, enhanced capacity for market participation, improved linkages among actors, and facilitated improved governance by employing a hybrid BLA-MSA model to realign business strategies and relationships in a more\nintegrated, inclusive market system.", + "Key Recommendations": "USAID Cambodia should explore opportunities to identify private sector modest-scale investment in cold chain transport and warehousing on a very limited basis as a pilot activity for potential scale-up if successful.\n\nUSAID Cambodia should explore internal or external funding streams to support collaborative MSA networking opportunities that promote the approach should it show signs of success. \n\nUSAID Cambodia should pursue more opportunities for institutional learning between RGC authorities and Feed the Future Cambodia Harvest II should the approach show signs of success.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00TMNK.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Business Services" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "TMG", + "Abt Associates" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Ability to Influence Policy", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments", + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Agriculture and Food Security", + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Multi-national Business", + "For-profit approach that generates sustainable income" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Asia" + ], + "Year": "2019" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Jennifer Schneider", + "Michael Szonyi", + "Karen MacClune", + "Rachel Norton" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "United States" + ], + "Document ID": "1904-NORTO-USA", + "Document Title": "Hurricane Florence: Building resilience for the new normal", + "Document Summary": "This study, written in collaboration by Zurich North America, the Zurich Flood Resilience Alliance, and ISET-International, looks in detail at the floods and their consequences that resulted from Hurricane Florence in North Carolina. Based on interviews with impacted households and businesses, and with people involved in risk reduction, response and recovery at the city, county and state level, as well as researchers and those within the nonprofit sector, the study identifies lessons learned from Florence and provides tangible\nrecommendations for enhancing flood resilience, which we believe can be applied to communities around the world that are exposed to flood risk.", + "Key Findings": "Our key findings revolve around a variety of human, social, economical and political themes. Society continues to support and subsidize investment and unprotected development in high-risk areas such as exposed coasts and river inlets. Insurance that does not accurately price for risk exacerbates the problem. The consequences of Hurricane Florence themselves were exacerbated by secondary failures and losses beyond the immediate property losses, such as outflow and subsequent contamination of the environment by harmful human, agricultural and industrial waste. These problems are technologically solved but are not socio-economically implemented in many cases. This calls for better regulation in some situations where it is not yet available, and in others for a better enforcement where regulation already exists.\n\nSome of these consequences, especially as they occur downstream of big industrial and agricultural complexes, but also in less affluent environments, hit the socially vulnerable the most. We have seen not only in Florence but earlier events that floods and other natural hazards contribute to marginalizing vulnerable populations and communities.\n\nOn a more technical level, we still find that adequate hazard mapping, identifying and managing risk through exposure and vulnerability control, communicating possible consequences as early warning messages, and getting stakeholders to take the right and timely action are challenging. Not everyone evacuated when they should have, others did not take adequate precautions to limit losses and consequences, and many failed to understand the consequences that Florence would bring. In part, explaining how dangerous storms can be only by identifying the wind force using the Saffir-Simpson-Scale is missing the flood threat that such storms bring more often and more intensely.", + "Key Recommendations": "• Broad recognition that flooding is a regional challenge and needs a regional response.\n• Direct acknowledgment of the underlying issues and recognition that addressing those issues will require a much stronger watershed approach.\n• Direct action to build intergovernmental coordination across municipalities and counties and increase the spectrum of departments and decision makers involved. For example, the importance of land zoning in building flood resilience is becoming increasingly apparent and entities involved in land use across the region are being encouraged to come to the table and collaborate.\n• Recognition that implementing isolated solutions is not enough. Resources need to be coordinated and consistent engagement will be required to make a real difference.\n• Acknowledgement that resilience projects are very expensive and the federal government is currently not supporting them. However, delaying until there is funding isn’t an option. Instead, the cities and counties themselves are going to have to figure out how to identify the funding to secure their future.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.zurichna.com/-/media/project/zwp/zna/docs/kh/weather/hurricane-florence-building-resilience-for-the-new-normal.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Other", + "Engineering & Construction", + "Business Services" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Flexibility and Pace" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Zurich", + "ISET International" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Environment/Climate Change", + "Humanitarian Assistance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Formal Sector" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2019" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Giuseppe Festa", + "Matteo Rossi", + "Ardi Gunardi" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Italy", + "France", + "Turkey", + "Netherlands", + "Lithuania", + "United Kingdom", + "Spain", + "Greece", + "Poland", + "Germany", + "Austria", + "Belgium", + "Jordan", + "Morocco" + ], + "Document ID": "1904-Rossi-MLT-pr", + "Document Title": "The Evolution of Public-Private Partnerships in a Comparison between Europe and Italy: Some Perspectives for the Energy Sector", + "Document Summary": "This study provides a general analysis of PPP models to present some evidence from a comparison between European Union with 28 countries (EU-28) and Italy in the 2008-2016 period, with specific considerations on the energy sector. The various trends demonstrate a substantial evolution in global numbers and values of the PPP initiatives in EU-28 and Italy and underline several constraints and challenges for successful PPP projects, even for the energy sector. The paper highlights the most evidence of the research: If considering PPP in general, in the 2008-2016 period, the number of projects and value of projects decreased in the EU-28 and increased in Italy, at least on five years-based trends. If this evidence could seem optimistic for Italy as it concerns the use of PPP, it could also seem not optimistic considering the public finance conditions in Italy. In other words, these increases could be consequences of the limitations of public expenditures because of the well-known constraints on public budgets and the consequences of the good health conditions of PPP in general. ", + "Key Findings": "The recent global economic and financial crisis has generated new challenges for all public governments. In a number of countries, anti-crisis packages included innovative public actions, realized also in combination with private investments, like in the case of public-private partnership (PPP), which combines the resource of government agents with those of private agents in order to realize public-interest aims. In this study, we have conducted a general analysis on PPP models, in order to present some evidences from a comparison between European Union with 28 countries (EU-28) and Italy in the 2008-2016 period, with specific considerations on the energy sector. The various trends demonstrate a substantial evolution about global numbers and values of the PPP initiatives in EU-28 and Italy, and underline several constraints and challenges for successful PPP projects, even specifically for the energy sector.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.7815", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Energy", + "Transportation and Warehousing", + "Health Care", + "Business Services", + "Engineering & Construction", + "Educational Services" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Education and Social Services", + "Health", + "Environment/Climate Change", + "Democracy, Human Rights, & Governance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Peer-reviewed article or other research report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "For-profit Commercial Entity", + "Formal Sector", + "Multi-national Business", + "Local Business", + "Regional Business" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Europe and Eurasia", + "Middle East" + ], + "Year": "2019" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Indonesia" + ], + "Document ID": "1904-USAID-IDN", + "Document Title": "Improving the Health of Indonesian Women and Young Children: Lessons Learned", + "Document Summary": "This document is an independent review lesson learned report of Indonesia monitoring and evaluation support project MNH portfolio. As a follow-up, this report summarizes the lessons learned and analyzes how they can guide efforts to strengthen Indonesia’s MNH system and programs. \n\nMethodologically, the review involved three steps: 1) Identifying promising approaches for MNH health system strengthening, 2) Analyzing how these approaches could be adapted within the national and local health systems of Indonesia, and 3) Providing recommendations of how adapted approaches could be used to strengthen Government of Indonesia (GOI) health programming. The review triangulated relevant information to assess the effectiveness of approaches, including practicality and, to some extent, the quality of the evidence. Data required for the analysis were obtained from project-related documents and reports and enhanced by qualitative information gathered through site visits involving consultations and interviews with national and local stakeholders.\n\nHowever, the following limitations influenced the approach analysis: insufficient quantitative evidence related to most approaches, use of primary qualitative data provided by key informants, and purposively selected provinces and districts for site visits. The findings were validated through discussions with stakeholders, USAID, and implementing partners. Some project activities had already closed by the time of the site visits, so not all key informants could be interviewed. On the other hand, because some projects had finished, the review team was able to gather evidence related to project sustainability. ", + "Key Findings": "Promising approaches identified from the USAID MNH portfolio lessons learned review could be adapted and used to improve the GOI health system and programs at the sub national level. To do\nthis, the GOI needs to establish a strong national and provincial team responsible for health policy development and quality assurance, located at the Ministry of Health (MOH) and assigned the following tasks:\n• Develop policy briefs based on promising approaches, including those from the USAID MNH portfolio lessons learned review, to be disseminated to relevant policymakers and key stakeholders.\n• Reform health policies to better address and strengthen critical aspects of health system programs, including quality of care, local governance, the Eastern Indonesia health system, private sector engagement, and use of data for decision-making.\n• Develop national- and provincial-level strategies with clear instructions and guidelines for health policy and program implementation.", + "Key Recommendations": "Improving quality of care through an online referral system, mentoring of all health facilities, accreditation of health facilities, audits of maternal and neonatal deaths, and ANC for early detection and management of eclampsia/pre-eclampsia.\n\nReliance on local governance for community engagement for managing basic health care services, integrated health program planning, and evidence-based health advocacy at the local level.\n\nOther recommendations include strengthening the health system in eastern Indonesia, private sector engagement, using data for decision-making, and sustaining and scaling up promising approaches. ", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00TN64.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Energy", + "Media" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Java Power of Paiton", + "Jawa Pos Group", + "General Electric", + "British Petroleum" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships", + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Health" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Multi-national Business", + "For-profit approach that generates sustainable income", + "Regional Business" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Asia" + ], + "Year": "2019" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Pakistan" + ], + "Document ID": "1904-USAID-PAK", + "Document Title": "Financial Market Development Activity Final Project Report (2016-2019)", + "Document Summary": "Prepared by USAID Financial Market Development (FMD) Activity in Pakistan, the final project report of Financial Market Development Activity was produced for review by the United States Agency for International Development. This final report highlights the major intervention areas during FMD's three years. It includes early projects removed as per USAID guidance in a \"De-Scoping Order\" delivered to Pragma Corporation in August 2017. The de-scoping entailed removing FMD's work with SME finance and the USAID Development Credit Authority. Work with the Pakistan Stock Exchange, which overlapped with FMD's SME funding objective, was also curtailed.\n\nThe FMD Activity, implemented by the Pragma Corporation, was a three-year technical assistance program based out of Islamabad, Pakistan, that delivered support to the Government of Pakistan and local financial and commodities market stakeholders from 2016-2019. This support improved the enabling environment for the development of capital markets and improved market operations. It expanded credit opportunities for small businesses across Pakistan, working in large cities and regional provinces. FMD assistance was implemented strategically to position financial markets to play a proactive role in resource mobilization for the country's economic growth. \n\nSupport beyond government institutions was developed through engagement with industry associations and market actors such as the Mutual Funds Association of Pakistan, the Financial Markets Association, several local banks, inter-bank brokerage houses, and fund managers at asset management companies. FMD also worked extensively with the Institute of Financial Markets of Pakistan in developing and delivering its flagship training program. The FMD team visited many field warehouses in Faisalabad, Jhang, Sheikhupura, Lahore, and Gujranwala districts during the period to better incorporate on-the-ground realities. ", + "Key Findings": "Private Equity (PE) funds faced key prudential roadblocks in the cost-effective investment and repatriation of their funds. Conventionally, PE funds provide equity financing to target companies; however, in case of debt financing instruments, PE management companies registered abroad are constrained by rigid caps on the debt charges that can be applied to companies receiving debt financing.\n\nSECP, the main regulatory institution for eWRS, was essential to\nexpediting the Collateral Management Companies (CMC) Regulations (May 2017), which successfully encouraged eWRS pilots in wheat, paddy, and maize.\n\nThe respective GoP agencies lacked the capacity to implement the AML supervisory manual. FMD formulated the strategy so that the supervisory manual could be implemented as early as possible.", + "Key Recommendations": "Follow-on programming is recommended to ensure that domestic PE funds are permitted to raise capital from pension funds and provident funds; and foreign PE funds will be allowed to invest in domestic securities.\n\nTwo steps are necessary for a rapid launch of the eWHR regime:\n1. SECP issues the first CMC license; and\n2. SBP includes eWHRs as collateral in its prudential regulations.\n\nIn order to ameliorate the above constraints, we recommend that the Finance and Project Management departments of each government should form a joint \"data\" office that would take ownership for loan and project data. This would greatly help the government to streamline the process of analyzing the debt portfolio.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00TP3F.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, and Hunting", + "Pharmaceuticals", + "Other", + "Transportation and Warehousing" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Agility", + "SGS", + "Muller & Phipps", + "Engro Corporation" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships", + "Reputation and Credible Convening Power", + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Agriculture and Food Security" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Multi-national Business", + "For-profit approach that generates sustainable income", + "Large Enterprise", + "For-profit Commercial Entity" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Afghanistan and Pakistan" + ], + "Year": "2019" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "World Bank" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Peru", + "Madagascar", + "Paraguay", + "Kenya", + "Haiti", + "Dominican Republic", + "Papua New Guinea", + "Solomon Islands", + "Zambia", + "Cambodia", + "Kyrgyzstan", + "Ukraine", + "Ghana", + "Rwanda", + "Nepal" + ], + "Document ID": "1904-World-MLT", + "Document Title": "‘Creating Markets’ to Leverage the Private Sector for Sustainable Development and Growth An Evaluation of the World Bank Group’s Experience Through 16 Case Studies", + "Document Summary": "This document evaluates Creating Markets’ to Leverage the Private Sector for Sustainable Development and Growth, the World Bank Group’s Experience Through 16 Case Studies. This evaluation aims to distill lessons from the Bank Group’s experience creating markets to leverage the private sector for sustainable development and growth. Unlike other significant assessments, this one strongly emphasizes learning because the Bank Group’s renewed emphasis on creating markets was made an explicit priority only recently. Given IFC’s recent focus on market creation, this evaluation emphasizes IFC interventions while fully considering the significant role of the World Bank, in particular in creating the needed enabling environment. As most Bank Group activities contribute in some way to better-functioning markets, this evaluation does not attempt to capture the underlying portfolio of Bank Group interventions comprehensively. \n\nThis evaluation focused on three SDG-relevant sectors. IEG chose the sectors in coordination with the Bank Group because of their high potential for private sector participation: agriculture/agribusiness, financial inclusion, and ICT. The evaluation focuses on FY07–17, emphasizing IFC activities but comprising all relevant World Bank and MIGA interventions for a complete picture. The assessment looks at applicable Advisory Services and Analytics (ASA), World Bank lending and nonlending, and World Bank and Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA) guarantee projects. It covers issues of sequencing of upstream and downstream work as well as the complementarity of Bank Group tools and instruments and assesses the leveraging synergies across the Bank Group. The evaluation mainly addresses immediate and intermediate outcomes, per the theory of change. \n\nThe primary sources of evidence are 16 case studies, identified in coordination with IFC and the World Bank, based on a methodology “calibrated” using IFC’s flagship creating markets projects. To safeguard IEG’s methodological independence and increase sample spread and size, IEG went beyond these flagship projects by deriving characterizing criteria and using them to calibrate a strategy that was subsequently used to review 1,104 World Bank, IFC Investment and Advisory Services, and MIGA guarantee projects in 61 countries.", + "Key Findings": "To address barriers to market creation and\nsystematically look for, and act on,\nopportunities to create markets, the Bank\nGroup, not just IFC, requires a sound\nunderstanding of the sectors and areas that\nthey get involved in their countries of\noperations.\n\nProviding market access to the poor, in a\nsustainable manner, ought to be a critical\ndevelopment outcome from Bank Group’s\nmarket creation interventions.\n\nThe evaluation confirmed a general lack of\nevidence of the direct welfare implication of\nmarket creation efforts for the poor.\n\nMarket creation opportunities develop with\nthe application of modern technologies, for\nexample in FinTech, the renewable energy\nsector or ICT.", + "Key Recommendations": "Recommendation 1. Enhance the\nunderstanding of market creating\nopportunities and associated\nconstraints at the country level and\nensure that such knowledge is\nadequately reflected in the CPF\nprocess to allow for a more strategic\ndeployment of Bank Group programs\nand interventions.\nRecommendation 2. Enhance\naccess to markets for the\nunderserved groups, including\nthe poor, and entailing\nadequate M&E provisions to\nunderstand how market\ncreation affect the poor.\nRecommendation 3. Regularly assess\nthe risk-taking capabilities of IFC to\ncarry out its market creation activities\nin IDA and other structurally weak\neconomies in a financially sustainable\nway.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://ieg.worldbankgroup.org/sites/default/files/Data/Evaluation/files/CreatingMarkets.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Food & Beverage", + "Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, and Hunting", + "Processing & Manufacturing", + "Financial Services", + "Telecommunications" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Zambeef", + "SolTuna", + "AccessBank Madagascar", + "Bancop", + "Digicel", + "EASSy", + "MicroCredit Madagascar", + "Financiera Confianza", + "Agrofusion" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Ability to Influence Policy", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge", + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment", + "Advancing Learning and Market Research;", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "World Bank" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Conflict", + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "For-profit approach that generates sustainable income", + "Regional Business", + "Formal Sector", + "Micro, Small, or Medium Enterprise", + "Large Enterprise", + "Local Business", + "Multi-national Business", + "Financial Institution, Investors, and Intermediaries" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Latin America and the Carribean", + "Africa", + "Asia", + "Europe and Eurasia" + ], + "Year": "2019" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Tess Shiras", + "Lauren Rosapep", + "Sarah E.K. Bradley" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global", + "Afghanistan", + "Bangladesh", + "Ethiopia", + "Ghana", + "Haiti", + "Indonesia", + "India", + "Kenya", + "Liberia", + "Mali", + "Mozambique", + "Burma", + "Malawi", + "Niger", + "Nigeria", + "Nepal", + "Pakistan", + "Rwanda", + "Senegal", + "Uganda", + "Yemen", + "Zambia" + ], + "Document ID": "1906-BRADL-GLO", + "Document Title": "Saving Children through Increased Access to Care: The Transformational Power of Data", + "Document Summary": "This document examines the impact of increasing access to health care for children. The document presents a set of data that shows the percentage of children who went to seek medical care, who they received care from, and what income demographic the children come from. It also showcases how countries are using the data results to improve child health.", + "Key Findings": "-1 out of 3 children experienced a treatable illness in the last two weeks\n67% of caregivers seek treatment outside the home \n-51% of caregivers use the public sector and 42% use the private sector\n-Source patterns vary substantially bycountry, and each country tells its own story", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://shopsplusproject.org/sites/default/files/resources/Saving%20Children%20Through%20Increased%20Access%20to%20Care.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Health Care", + "Other" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness", + "Ability to Influence Policy" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment", + "Advancing Learning and Market Research;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Abt Associates", + "SHOPS", + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Youth" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Health" + ], + "Type of Document": "Industry Publication", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Formal Sector", + "American Business" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2019" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Yasemin Irvin-Erickson", + "Edward Mohr", + "Ammar A. Malik" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Uganda", + "Jordan" + ], + "Document ID": "1906-UI-GLO", + "Document Title": "Private Sector Humanitarians? New Approaches in the Global Refugee Response", + "Document Summary": "With the global displaced population exceeding 68 million, the global humanitarian response system is under unprecedented stress. With widening funding gaps and no resolution in sight, new solutions are needed to address the needs of over 68 million displaced people worldwide. The private sector’s\ninnovative and financial capacity is emerging as one such avenue, resulting in dozens of partnerships with local and international nonprofits. Depending on local policy environments, such working arrangements create both opportunities and risks for partners and hosts. This report is an attempt to\nlearn lessons from existing experiences and offer insights on what works under given circumstances.\n\nThrough desk research on existing partnerships, semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders, site visits with partners in Jordan and Uganda, expert roundtables, and public discussions, we gather insights on both conceptual and practical aspects of partnerships benefiting refugees. We introduce a\nconceptual framework on the variety of options available to partners and offer recommendations for organizing win-win partnerships in the future.", + "Key Findings": "While companies and humanitarian agencies have traditionally engaged in a variety of ways, ranging from commercially driven procurement relationships to philanthropically oriented ventures, we focus on socially responsible partnerships. These aims to generate gains for businesses while producing value for refugees through humanitarian agencies – a surprisingly rare occurrence. We draw several lessons:\n\n- Private companies and humanitarian organizations face significant startup costs. Both entities lack a shared world view, which could create mutual mistrust requiring significant time and resources to overcome. These upfront costs can be prohibitive, especially for non-profits.\n\n- Local intermediaries play a key role in the inception of a successful partnership. Local civil society organizations or governments match private companies to compatible non-profits. This informal facilitation bypasses information asymmetries, reduces risks, and mitigates competitive tendencies that can become significant barriers to partnership creation.\n\n- The most successful partnerships are flexible, supported strongly by senior leadership with clear goals and open communication. Highly active communication channels, especially with leaders from each of the partners, help resolve issues quickly and build trust. Establishing clear understandings of motivations and expectations of both parties reduces uncertainty, setting a partnership up for success.\n\n- Private entities must build have a clear and robust business case for serving refugees. They offer a real-world testing opportunity and an untapped potential market for products and services, incentivizing companies to work through humanitarian agencies by providing free or highly subsidized products and services to refugees. By combining the profit motive with philanthropic goals, partnerships benefit both the private entity and the refugees they help.", + "Key Recommendations": "Based on these insights, we offer several recommendations to promote the advancement of future partnerships to tackling pressing issues facing the humanitarian system. We propose setting up a global refugee clearinghouse, with an international secretariat and strong regional presence, to help match private companies with compatible humanitarian organizations. Through a small staff and a network of local member organizations, it would help overcome information asymmetries, provide partner due diligence and undertake monitoring, evaluation and learning through rigorous research. More research will thus help increase the awareness of these partnership and provide insights on how to overcome common barriers. By providing employment and the provision of services, private-humanitarian partnerships offer a novel and promising approach to the global refugee crisis.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.urban.org/sites/default/files/publication/99202/private_humanitarian_partnerships_report_1.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Pharmaceuticals", + "Technology", + "Other" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Risk-Mitigation and Flexible Authorities", + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;", + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Urban Institute" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Humanitarian Assistance" + ], + "Type of Document": "White Paper/Think Tank Report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Multi-national Business" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2018" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Abhinav Kumar Gupta", + "Melissa Williams" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "South Sudan", + "Uganda", + "India", + "Rwanda", + "Pakistan" + ], + "Document ID": "1906-WILLIA-MLT", + "Document Title": "South Sudan : Linking the Agriculture and Food Sector to the Job Creation Agenda", + "Document Summary": "This report explores how investment in South Sudan’s food sector can not only address food security needs, it can also generate income and lay the foundation for livelihood and job creation in the country. Applying a value chain lens to investments in the sector can contribute to creating direct, indirect, and induced labor in the larger food system. More specifically, it looks at the potential technology and organizational arrangements that investment programs can start supporting now to stimulate value chain development for increased economic activity and job creation.", + "Key Findings": "The report showed how taking a value chain approach to agriculture investment can not only address ongoing food security imperatives, but also lay a foundation for future development and job creation in the food sector.", + "Key Recommendations": "The authors recommend collaboration between World Bank, donors, UN, GRSS, and NGOs for provision of technology to farmers and improving their organization.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/32103", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, and Hunting", + "Business Services", + "Retail" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "RUDI", + "Agroplan Oils and Fats Processors", + "Uganda Cooperative Alliance (UCA)", + "Cooporiz Ntende", + "Cooporiz Abahuzabikorwa" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Sustainable Development Practice Group, World bank" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Agriculture and Food Security", + "Humanitarian Assistance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Industry Publication", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Business Association or Cooperative" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2019" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "UNDP Connecting Business Initiative (CBI)" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Kenya" + ], + "Document ID": "1907-CBI-KEN", + "Document Title": "An overview of business preparedness and resilience to operate in manmade disasters and complex emergencies environment in Kenya", + "Document Summary": "This report details the findings on business preparedness and resilience to operate in manmade disaster and complex emergencies environment in Kenya. It specifically focuses on business preparedness before disasters, response during disasters and recovery measures. Preparedness was assessed in terms of contingency and risk management measures businesses take before disasters. Secondly, the landscape assessment sought to find out whether businesses participate in disaster response and whether in their response measures they have engaged humanitarian actors. Thirdly, the landscape assessment examines the existing support structures that facilitate recovery after disasters and emergencies. The findings are drawn from literature review and in-depth interviews with business owners and focal points of MSMEs and large enterprises in Kenya. ", + "Key Findings": "Disaster preparedness in Kenya is perceived to be fragmented, with the country often better at reactive rather than pro-active action. It has been difficult to get definitive answers on where agencies' mandates begin and end but it is clear that there are many different organisations and government agencies handling different elements of disaster preparedness and response. When it comes to MSMEs, most of them do not have elaborate structures for disaster risk management due to the informal nature of their business. Most Micro enterprises are risk averse and have a tendency to react to the aftermath of a disaster when it happens.", + "Key Recommendations": "a) HPPP can work towards strengthening MSMEs disaster coping strategies need to be through certain measures for example; a) promoting a preparedness culture whereby business owners will see the need to have contingency plans to recover from disasters.\n\nb) Facilitate advocacy through the relevant stakeholders for timely support of MSMEs through building of basic services and infrastructure in case of complex emergencies in order to minimize the financial burden on MSMEs and provide linkages to service providers and Government for preparedness and recovery financial assistance.\n\nc) Engage the NDMA and NDOC for the active participation and inclusion of the private sector in disaster management preparedness initiatives by the Government.\n\nd) In order to ensure the HPPP platform strengthens its founding mandate, commitment by member businesses and organizations to the Charter and vision from 2016 and adheres to Asia Preparedness Partnership and ADPC (2018) ; Engaging the private sector in preparedness for response : Experiences from the Asian Preparedness Partnership; Engaging companies in manmade disasters – a guidance toolkit for private sector networks humanitarian standards in disaster preparedness, response and recovery should be reinvigorated. HPPP aims to provide a more structured opportunity for humanitarian, business and Government together with community representatives to effectively share information on opportunities and needs. The platform will continue to facilitate networking, collaboration and opportunities to address humanitarian needs through innovation and shared value creation. The platform will also ensure all parties are integral participants in government-led disaster management from preparedness planning, to humanitarian response and early recovery. HPPP aims at improved information sharing, coordination and joint leverage for impact to improve disaster resilience. \n\ne) From the findings; it is important that HPPP considers linking up disaster affected MSMEs with opportunities for rebuilding their businesses back through financial and insurance institutions in order to hasten the recovery process.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.connectingbusiness.org/sites/default/files/2019-07/Manmade-disasters-landscape-assessment-kenya-2019-07-08_0.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Telecommunications", + "Financial Services" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Kenya Commercial Bank Limited", + "Airtel", + "Equity Bank", + "MasterCard" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships", + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "European Union Civil Protection and Humanitarian Aid", + "Humanitarian Policy Group (HPG)", + "Overseas Development Institute (ODI)", + "Connecting Business Initiative" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Humanitarian Assistance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Landscape Analysis", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Corporate Foundation", + "Formal Sector" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2019" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Michelin", + "WWF" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Indonesia" + ], + "Document ID": "1907-WWF-IDN", + "Document Title": "WWF & MICHELIN PARTNERSHIP PROGRESS REPORT 2014 / 2018", + "Document Summary": "WWF and Michelin began their partnership in 2015 with the ambitious goal to promote more sustainable natural rubber practices among the natural rubber\nvalue chain and to develop a pilot ground project in Indonesia, one of the most deforested area in the world. This report aims to showcase the impact of the partnership for the last four years a few months after the renewal of the partnership between WWF and Michelin.", + "Key Findings": "Michelin and Barito Pacific Group created in March 2015 a joint venture\ncalled Royal Lestari Utama (RLU) in Indonesia. Its vision is to promote\necosystem-friendly rubber plantation practices aiming at providing\nalternative livelihood for communities while protecting and enhancing\n natural forest for wildlife.\n\nAfter four years of major progress, WWF and Michelin Group have decided to renew their partnership in 2019 for four years. The partnership will consist of four axis:\n1. Transform the market and the production of natural rubber through the Global Platform for Sustainable Natural Rubber\n2. Support natural forest conservation and restoration and sustainable rubber plantation development in Indonesia\n3. Advance Michelin’s climate and sustainable mobility ambition\n4. Develop a biodiversity ambition", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.wwf.fr/sites/default/files/doc-2019-07/20190726_Partnership_Pogress_Report_Michelin_WWF-min.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Retail" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Michelin Group" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Ability to Influence Policy", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities", + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments", + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships", + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Advancing Learning and Market Research;", + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "WWF", + "Michelin" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Environment/Climate Change" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Large Enterprise", + "Formal Sector", + "For-profit Commercial Entity" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Asia" + ], + "Year": "2019" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "United Nations Development Program Connecting Business Initiative (CBi)" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Côte d’Ivoire" + ], + "Document ID": "1908-CBI-CIV", + "Document Title": "Case Study: La Platforme Humanitaire du Secteur Privé de Côte d'Ivoire ", + "Document Summary": "This case study is part of a toolkit that provides a framework and practical tips for private sector networks to translate manmade disaster contexts into an engagement strategy that fits the capabilities of network participants, efficiently channel private sector capabilities and support governments and the humanitarian community. This particular document is a case study of La plateforme humanitaire du secteur privé de Côte d’Ivoire.", + "Key Findings": "The manmade disaster situation in Côte d'Ivoire is not as acute as in some other sub-Saharan African countries, making it easier for the Ivorian private sector to overlook their potential role. Sine the summer of 2018 flooding in and around Abidjan, private sector attention has been directed more towards natural hazards. Lack of information and understanding on manmade disasters in general and the Ivorian context is a clear barrier to private sector engagement. ", + "Key Recommendations": "As inter-community violence is considered as one of the main manmade challenges at the moment, La Plateforme Humanitaire du Secteur Privé de Côte d'Ivoire (PHSP) should consider localized instead of national level activities. It will have to further strengthen the business case or rationale for private sector engagement. ", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.connectingbusiness.org/sites/default/files/2019-08/CBi%20Guidance%20Toolkit_case%20study%20on%20Cote%20d%27Ivoire_website.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Business Services" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Connecting Business Initiative" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Conflict" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Humanitarian Assistance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Business Association or Cooperative" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2019" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "United Nations Development Program Connecting Business Initiative (CBi)" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Kenya", + "South Sudan", + "Rwanda" + ], + "Document ID": "1908-CBI-KEN", + "Document Title": "Engaging Companies in Manmade Disasters - A Guidance Toolkit for Private Sector Networks ", + "Document Summary": "This case study is part of a toolkit that provides a framework and practical tips for private sector networks to translate manmade disaster contexts into an engagement strategy that fits the capabilities of network participants, efficiently channel private sector capabilities and support governments and the humanitarian community. This particular document presents a case study of the Humanitarian Private Sector Partnership Platform for East Africa (HPPP).", + "Key Findings": "This paper shows that some companies in East Africa have provided much needed services within the context of a complex emergency. The private sector facilitated fundraising efforts for disaster relief and provided financial services to vulnerable populations. ", + "Key Recommendations": "The paper recommends that the Humanitarian Private Sector Platform (HPPP) creates an information sharing portal to improve exchange between members and partners. \n", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.connectingbusiness.org/publications/engaging-companies-manmade-disasters-guidance-toolkit-private-sector-networks", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Financial Services", + "Telecommunications" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "United Nations Development Program Connecting Business Initiative (CBi)" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Humanitarian Assistance", + "Environment/Climate Change" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Formal Sector", + "Financial Institution, Investors, and Intermediaries", + "Micro, Small, or Medium Enterprise" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2019" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Naz Beykan", + "Erdem Ergin" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Turkey" + ], + "Document ID": "1908-ERGIN-TUR", + "Document Title": "Resilience in SMEs: New Risks, New Priorities Landscape Assessment Report Complex Emergencies and Natural Disasters", + "Document Summary": "Connecting Business initiative (CBi), launched at the World Humanitarian Summit in 2016, transforms the way business engages before, during and after natural and man-made disasters and complex emergencies to create more resilient communities, increase local capacity and alleviate human suffering. It is a private sector driven and UN-supported global initiative currently operating in 13 countries. TURKONFED, in collaboration with UNDP, launched the Connecting Business Initiative Turkey platform on November 17, 2018. With its presence across all regions in Turkey through 26 regional and 3 sectoral federations, 251 associations and more than 40,000 SMEs, TURKONFED is the best actor for the creation of this national private sector-led network for disaster risk reduction, emergency preparedness, response and recovery. The goal is to have a win-win deal where business actions translates into both societal resilience and stronger competitiveness.\n\nAs an initial step, this landscape assessment report was prepared to identify an optimal strategy for engaging the private sector in dealing with the fast evolving risk profile of Turkey (including earthquakes, climatic events and complex emergencies such as the Syrian Refugee Crisis).", + "Key Findings": "CBi Turkey aims first and foremost to develop a set of unique solutions to build resilience, both for the Turkish private sector and for the community at large. To do so, CBi Turkey will devise solutions that can be categorized as one of the following:\n• Self-help: where businesses take action regarding their own facilities, assets and/or supply chains. \n• Mutual help: where business networks and associations offer services and facilitate resilience & recovery activities using either economy of scale or political leveraging power\n• Public assistance: where either businesses or business networks and associations contribute to humanitarian efforts (response), socio-economic recovery, and/or physical reconstruction to\ncommunities around them.", + "Key Recommendations": "1. Build organization and operational capacity within TURKONFED so it can lead the member federations, associations and businesses by example.\n2. Leverage collaboration and partnership of CBi Turkey, including\nlobbying, a strong area of expertise of TURKONFED.\n3. Strengthen business recovery capacity, particularly for natural hazards and climate change\n4. Facilitate business engagement in the current complex emergency, with a focus on economic cohesion (or livelihood recovery)\n5. Achieve collective impact by targeting priority groups and firms", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.connectingbusiness.org/sites/default/files/2019-11/ING_executive_summary_ONAY.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Telecommunications", + "Business Services" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Turk Telekom", + "Turkcell" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "CBI Turkey" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Humanitarian Assistance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Landscape Analysis", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "For-profit Commercial Entity", + "Formal Sector", + "Micro, Small, or Medium Enterprise" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Middle East" + ], + "Year": "2019" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Fiona Imbali", + "Victor Orindi", + "Paul Steele", + "Joanes Atela", + "Peter Odhengo" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Kenya" + ], + "Document ID": "1908-Odhen-KEN", + "Document Title": "Climate Finance in Kenya: Review and Future Outlook", + "Document Summary": "This discussion paper examines climate finance in Kenya based on the policy goals set by the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGS). In Kenya, the effects of climate change are severe and it is one of the most vulnerable countries in Africa. This paper discusses how financial services can be used to benefit the climate and shows how Kenya can build robust climate finance mechanisms. Kenya has set up policies to help mobilize climate finance with strategies that include private sector partners. Although there has been progress, Kenya needs to manage and diversify its resources. It also needs to move funds from the national to the local to create more opportunities and create links between national climate financial mechanisms and county ones. ", + "Key Findings": "Overall, the experience with the climate finance mechanism in Kenya shows that the country has made progress but there is huge opportunity to develop a robust system and be a regional leader in climate financing. So far, the country has made good progress in setting up policies and institutional arrangements to help mobilise, allocate and monitor climate finance. The various policy instruments set out by the government to enhance processes of climate financing paint a progressive future. The National Policy on Climate Finance seeks to position the country to better access climate finance through a variety of well-thought-out strategies to be executed through public–private partnerships.", + "Key Recommendations": "The experience with Kenya’s finance mechanism show that the country has a huge opportunity to develop a robust climate system and become a regional leader in climate financing. So far, the country has made good progress in terms of setting up policies and institutional arrangements to help mobilise, allocate and monitor climate finance. The various policy instruments set out by the government to enhance processes of climate financing paints a picture of a progressive future. The National Policy on\nClimate Finance seeks to position the country to better access climate finance through a variety of well-thought-out strategies and action plans to be implemented through public–private partnerships. There is also a need to enhance linkages with the broader non-state actors including NGOs and other stakeholders so as to tap into various opportunities including learning and best practices. Open and transparent dialogue between national and county governments, business, long-term investors, and microfinance, banking and development institutions will be important to address. \nDespite the relatively well-established national systems, the country still faces some challenges in managing diverse sources of climate finance. More specifically, monitoring, evaluation implementation and the impact of climate change interventions remains weak. Mechanisms to identify the sources and track how the finance has been utilised have still not been actualised, yet these are international standards required in climate finance and this may prevent the country from accessing some funds. The NACCP 2018–2022 sets out when these mechanisms should be developed but this is still a long way off and requires sufficient political funding to actualize. Enhanced political will is needed to ensure that these goals are not pushed to the next climate action plan. Improved tracking of climate change-related inflows and expenditures should be integrated into national budgetary processes, including identification and\ncoding of climate change expenditure.\nFurthermore, despite a robust national institutional framework, there is need for key institutions to engage in clear communication on progress and give regular updates for accountability purposes such as Office of the Auditor General, Ethics and Anti-Corruption Commission etc. The national and county governments, the private sector, academia and civil society have a large enough reach to channel climate finance initiatives. However, potential implementing and executing entities have limited capacity to deal with eligibility criteria and modalities of various funds.\nDevolution of climate funds remains a major component of climate financing because this will help ensure that resources reach where they are needed most. However, there is a need to enhance the institutional connection between national government and sub-national level as this currently remains weak. While county governments provide a good opportunity to create institutional linkages for devolving funds from the national to local, there are no clear linkages between national climate financial mechanisms and county ones. ", + "Internet URL of Document": "http://site.adaconsortium.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/16-08-2019-Final-Kenya-climate-finance-paper-5.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Financial Services" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Ability to Influence Policy", + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Advancing Learning and Market Research;", + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "UKAID", + "National Drought Management Authority", + "African Center For Technology Studies", + "ADA Consortium" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Environment/Climate Change", + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "Peer-reviewed article or other research report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Formal Sector", + "Local Business" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2019" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Tran Hoang Yen", + "David Sabin Anderson" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Vietnam" + ], + "Document ID": "1908-YEN-VNM", + "Document Title": "Landscape Assessment Report on Private Sector's Engagement in Disaster Management in Vietnam ", + "Document Summary": "This landscape assessment was implemented through cooperation between the Vietnam Disaster Management Authority, Vietnam Chamber of Commerce and Industries and the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) in Vietnam, with support from the Connecting Business Initiative (CBi). With operational and technical support by the United Nations Office for the\nCoordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) and UNDP, CBi is a multi-stakeholder initiative that provides a mechanism for the private sector to engage with governments in a coordinated manner to provide technical advice on the different stages of disaster risk reduction, emergency\npreparedness, response and recovery management.\n\nThe purpose of the landscape assessment in Vietnam was to rapidly assess a variety of data to make realistic recommendations on improving public-private sector coordination in Vietnam to plan for, respond more rapidly and recover from disasters, particularly typhoons and floods, with the objective of also facilitating Vietnam’s economic growth, particularly from the perspective of strengthening SMEs and domestic supply chains. Specific data on Vietnam has included past and future disaster trends, research and recommendations from studies on threats and responses, local citizens’ experiences, and perspectives from all levels of the government and the private sector, and specific examples of lessons learned from those experiences.", + "Key Findings": "Some communities were found to be quite resilient to disasters while others are not. The difference, as the assessment team observed, is that some communities, like Hoi An City in Quan Nam Province, historically have learned to adapt to regular flooding, and to respond and recover quickly. On the other hand, provinces like Khanh Hoa were not accustomed to serious storms, and therefore less prepared. \n\nCurrently, the businesses that are more resilient tend to be those that are more urban, more prosperous, or more experienced with coping with disasters. For those businesses that are smaller, more rural, and less experienced, the impacts of disasters are catastrophic. \n\nLarger, more prosperous domestic companies and global corporations are more resilient than smaller local firms. However, to the extent that they rely on local SMEs in their supply chains, they also face substantial risks if their supply chains are not diversified. The Vietnam City Resiliency Index found that the two key drivers for risk management for larger firms are: \n1) experience of disruption to the supply chain; and \n2) the recognition that SMEs in Vietnam have poor risk management strategies. The firms managed their risks through direct collaboration with SMEs in their supply chain, scheduled workshops on disaster risk management, contractual obligations, technical design, insurance, and use of a diversified portfolio of local and regional suppliers that can offset supply from SMEs affected by disasters.", + "Key Recommendations": "The report recommends further exploration of a private sector network on disaster management that is funded and tasked with advocating for policy, legal and regulatory reforms encompassing all of the above issues. Such an approach will ensure simultaneously both resiliency against disasters and threats to sustained economic growth. ", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.connectingbusiness.org/system/files/2019-12/Vietnam%20Landscape%20Assessment%20Report.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Hospitality/Tourism", + "Business Services", + "Financial Services" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Ability to Influence Policy", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships", + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Advancing Learning and Market Research;", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "United Nations Development Program Connecting Business Initiative" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Humanitarian Assistance", + "Environment/Climate Change" + ], + "Type of Document": "Landscape Analysis", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Micro, Small, or Medium Enterprise", + "Informal Sector", + "Formal Sector" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Asia" + ], + "Year": "2019" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Carolyn Neunuebel", + "Irene Basile" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "1911-BASIL-GLO", + "Document Title": "Blended Finance In Fragile Contexts: Opportunities and Risks", + "Document Summary": "The development community agrees on the need to address conflict and fragility for global security and sustainable development. In such complex situations, that are highly interconnected and often unpredictable, programming should strive to include multiple actors at various levels of society. Although the use of private investment in fragile contexts has so far been low, in fear of exploitation and further institutional weakening, the need to address the SDG funding gap makes innovative and more flexible financing methods worth considering. While the use of ODA will remain critical to development, particularly in fragile contexts, blended finance can help enlarge the total resources available for development.", + "Key Findings": "In order to assess the linkages and potential for implementing blended finance in fragile and conflict-affect contexts, this paper analyses the OECD DAC statistics on amounts mobilised from the private sector by official development finance interventions, from 2012 to 2017, against the multidimensional lens presented in the OECD 2018 States of Fragility Framework. The data shows a positive relationship between blending opportunities and economic, political and environmental security. The amounts of private finance mobilised in 2012-2017 increase, as a country’s economic, political and environmental fragility decreases. The way blended finance interplays with societal fragility and security remains unclear, as these two dimensions exert more complex influence on the trade-off between perceived risks and anticipated returns, which typically guides private investors.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/docserver/f5e557b2-en.pdf?expires=1648216229&id=id&accname=guest&checksum=9586A96FC709E52D76817C52D01E9822", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Business Services", + "Financial Services" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "OECD" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Humanitarian Assistance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Industry Publication", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Financial Institution, Investors, and Intermediaries", + "Multi-national Business", + "Formal Sector" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2019" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Conor Seyle", + "Jinghong Wang" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "1911-SEYLE-GLO", + "Document Title": "Private Sector Peacebuilding: A Review of Past Cases and Lessons Learned", + "Document Summary": "This report provides an introduction to the existing research covering where, why, and how private sector actors (including individual business leaders, small firms, transnational corporations, and private associations) can contribute to peace. It is intended to complement the Peacebuilding Fund’s (PBF) guidance note on the private sector and peacebuilding by presenting a set of concrete cases in which private sector actors engaged in peacebuilding activity. In complement with that guidance note, UN actors interested in promoting private sector engagement can use this report to identify pathways to private sector partnerships in peace and cases that may provide specific examples of how this has been done in the past.\n\nThis report presents twelve cases of peacebuilding activity by the private sector, deliberately chosen to represent a diversity of actors, historical moments, and strategies. Not all of these interventions were successful, but collectively they provide a foundation of cases demonstrating where, why, and how private sector actors have attempted to contribute to peace.", + "Key Findings": "Private sector engagement in peacebuilding includes a spectrum of activities. Cases in this report include direct engagement in negotiation or peacebuilding, protection of civilians, economic peacebuilding, and several other approaches. There is not one single role for business engagement in peace.\nBusiness association engagement appears to be more related to sustainable peace than single-actor interventions. Because peacebuilding requires a systemic intervention, cases involving business associations or coalitions able to operate at scale seem to be more associated with sustainable peace than single actor interventions.\nIndividuals matter. In the majority of cases, the decision to engage in peacebuilding and the drive with which the business pursued it appears attributable to individual leaders within the company or organization. Finding committed individual partners may be important for effective private sector engagement.\nSuccessful interventions require multiple actors. Sustainable interventions appear to be most effective when the private sector partners are part of a larger system of political and civil society groups working towards peace.\nInnovation has not replaced tried-and-true methods. The cases include several attempts to deliver peace through innovative approaches targeting issues such as military expenditures or interpersonal contact through technology. In this set of examples, these cases are less effective than interventions focused on more traditional issues of economic development and political engagement.\nThere are multiple motivations for intervention, but economic interests persist across cases. The private sector actors in these cases appear motivated by multiple issues including humanitarian concerns or principles. However, across the cases the most consistent reason for engagement is economic interest and many cases demonstrate a blended approach focusing on economic interest as well as principle.", + "Key Recommendations": "The emerging consensus of the peacebuilding community emphasizes the necessity for coordinated multidimensional interventions for sustainable peace. While these interventions have some generic conclusions—we know that inclusive development, legitimate governance, and gender and ethnic inclusive systems are universally important tools for UN organizations must, in advance of a partnership, develop an internal understanding that the interest of potential partners may or may not be peace for its own sake. peace—in each specific conflict context they must be rooted in an understanding of local conflict dynamics. Against this background, the cases presented in this report and the existing research on peacebuilding call for a broad consideration of the role of the private sector in peacebuilding. Because private sector actors are embedded in societies at multiple levels, they have the potential to contribute to many aspects of peacebuilding (while being central to issues of development and inclusive economic growth). Engaging the private sector must start with a mapping of conflict dynamics in a target country paired with a mapping of the existing actors in the space, including the private sector. From that mapping, points of entry and engagement between the private sector and conflict analysis can be identified. The PBF guidance note proposes five specific points of entry to consider: the private sector as a source or target for violence, as a provider of sustainable peace-supporting livelihoods, as a source of technical or practical support for peacebuilding, as a source for financial resources for peacebuilding, and as a political actor directly promoting peace through political engagement. Against these five points of entry, projects with specific theories of change and associated strategic plans can be developed. In developing these plans and points of engagement, it is useful to keep in mind the key considerations of the case studies above. Questions of how to work at scale, which private sector actors and which key leaders are engaged and capable of delivering sustained engagement, and what their motivations are will all be central to developing partnerships for sustained peace. Nonetheless, as the case studies presented here demonstrate, the private sector can be an active and committed partner for peace.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://oneearthfuture.org/research-analysis/private-sector-peacebuilding", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Business Services", + "Other" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships", + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments", + "Risk-Mitigation and Flexible Authorities" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;", + "Advancing Learning and Market Research;", + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "One Earth Futur", + "OEF Research", + "PeaceNexus Foundation", + "UN Peacebuilding Support Office" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Conflict" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Peace & Security", + "Humanitarian Assistance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "For-profit Commercial Entity", + "Business Association or Cooperative", + "Multi-national Business" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2019" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Amanda Stucke" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "1911-STUCK-MLT", + "Document Title": "Public-Private Partnerships for Emerging Market Health", + "Document Summary": "IFC’s Global Private Health Care Conference took place in March 2019, with a primary aim to spark discussion and drive action around the private health sector and its role in meeting critical challenges in emerging markets. The theme of the 2019 conference was Disrupting the Present, Building the Future – Embracing Innovation to Deliver Results. Alongside the main conference sessions, invited policy experts, funders, innovators, representatives of the public sector and industry representatives from around the globe gathered for a think tank session to discuss current trends, challenges, and opportunities related to Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs), and more broadly, under what circumstances PPPs can bring sustainable and innovative value for health care in emerging markets. This briefing paper reflects key themes and\nimportant points from the discussion that took place, and leverages additional insights, research, and analysis to shine light on this important topic.", + "Key Findings": "Ultimately, a PPP should not be the end goal, but may be one possible mechanism to reach important health objectives. As governments strive to fill health service gaps, PPPs are increasingly seen across both infrastructure development and service provision in emerging markets. Evidence and opinions vary about the overall efficacy of PPPs, particularly as successful partnerships rely upon a careful balance between risk, true capabilities, and achieving nuanced and sometimes-divergent objectives across different stakeholder groups. Determining whether a PPP has achieved success requires a broad view of desired outcomes and impact across systems and stakeholders. Countries can support PPPs by ensuring enabling regulation and infrastructure is in place, and that PPP models include a broad representation and integration of stakeholders in decision-making processes.", + "Key Recommendations": "1. Stronger evaluation of the efficacy and outcomes of PPPs needs to be generated to reduce this uncertainty, particularly in emerging markets.\n2. Evaluation at regular intervals across the lifecycle of a PPP (ex-ante, during procurement, during the partnership, ex-post) to address this, and that this evaluation includes factors such as stakeholder satisfaction, processes, capabilities, and contribution.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.ifc.org/wps/wcm/connect/5c761f35-a19e-4107-adb1-0b74a71c1b2e/white+paper+PPPs_A4_11-25-19_with+logo.pdf?CVID=mWAO445&MOD=AJPERES", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Health Care", + "Other" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "IFC", + "The Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU)" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Health" + ], + "Type of Document": "White Paper/Think Tank Report", + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2019" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Sara Murray", + "Katie Whitehouse" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Uganda" + ], + "Document ID": "1911-WHITE-UGA", + "Document Title": "Praying for Darkness: Strengthening Solar Markets for Refugees in Uganda", + "Document Summary": "This research takes a close look at Pay-as-you-go (PAYGo) solar energy markets as a mechanism to improve energy access for refugees. PAYGo makes solar systems accessible to consumers who otherwise could not afford a large upfront payment, by distributing purchasing costs over time. And by pioneering new lending markets to underserved communities, it improves access to finance, similar to the way in which microfinance institutions pioneered low-income lending 30 years ago. Globally, Uganda has created one of the most successful markets for PAYGo solar energy. Yet, despite a flourishing national market, this research found a near total absence of PAYGo products and services within West Nile refugee settlements, where use of solar energy is limited to larger business owners and merchants. With a lack of solar products available in refugee settlement markets, refugees are currently spending their limited energy budgets on products and services with short-term benefits, including dry cell torches (flashlights) and batteries, and mobile charging facilities.\n\nThis research explores why PAYGo has not yet reached refugee markets and whether targeted interventions could address existing market barriers and improve choices for refugee energy consumers. It maps current access to PAYGo products and services in refugee settlements and explores local consumer, merchant and market actor attitudes towards PAYGo in refugee settlements. Merchants were carefully studied as both consumers of energy for productive purposes and potential sellers of PAYGo and other off-grid solar (OGS) products in the markets they serve", + "Key Findings": "This study has found that refugees are currently paying for substandard lighting and power products. OGS markets – including but not limited to PAYGo products – can meet the needs of refugee and host communities\nin the West Nile region. In order to succeed, markets will require investment and intervention from both the humanitarian and private sector. Refugee settlements and host communities in Uganda’s West Nile region offer\nan important test case for PAYGo solar systems’ ability to meet the energy needs of low-income and sparsely distributed rural populations. In the coming months and years, Mercy Corps, together with partners, will test\nthe hypotheses presented in this study to identify the most appropriate and influential roles and investments for humanitarian, solar and local market and finance actors to close the energy access gap for refugees and host\ncommunities in Uganda.", + "Key Recommendations": "Strengthening market systems that bring quality energy and financial services to the settlements is a key activity to make the most of limited aid dollars at this stabilization phase of Uganda’s South Sudanese refugee response. A strategy of facilitation and indirect support will minimize unsustainable, blanket aid distributions. Aid agencies need to invest in areas that can generate the most interest to incentivize further adoption by local market actors without further external intervention. The co-creation of strategies and buy-in of local market actors into the interventions is critical for the long-term success of the action and the market itself. Any planned intervention should be given support just long enough that market actors realize the benefits and scale the interventions independently. Successful business models will foster an environment for both non-PAYGo and lower costs of PAYGo OGS products, leading to the shared goal of sustainable, high-quality and affordable solar energy products for households and businesses in humanitarian crises.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.mercycorps.org/sites/default/files/2021-03/Paying-for-Darkness-2019.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Business Services", + "Energy" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "MasterCard Center for Inclusive Growth" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;", + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Mercy Corps", + "MasterCard Center for Inclusive Growth" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Humanitarian Assistance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "For-profit Commercial Entity" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2019" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "David Cooley", + "Judy Geyer", + "Tulika Narayan", + "Denise Mainville", + "Betsy Ness-Edelstein" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Kenya" + ], + "Document ID": "1912-NESSE-KEN", + "Document Title": "AgResults Evaluation: Kenya On-Farm Storage Challenge Project Final Report", + "Document Summary": "This report presents the final evaluation findings for the On-Farm Storage Challenge Project in Kenya. The AgResults Kenya challenge project aimed to incentivise private sector firms to develop and market improved on-farm storage (OFS) technologies using a pay-for-results prize competition. Improved OFS technologies such as hermetically sealed bags and containers help to prevent post-harvest losses of stored cereal and pulse crops due to pest and other damage. The project offered cash payments to private sector companies based on the volume of improved OFS capacity sold during the three-year project. The goal was to catalyse a functioning, sustainable OFS market in the Eastern and Rift Valley regions of Kenya.\n\nThe evaluation team assessed whether the project led to impacts as expected, guided by a set of evaluation questions common across all AgResults challenge project evaluations. The evaluation used a mixed methods approach to answer key evaluation questions. This approach included qualitative methods to assess the project’s impact on the development of a market for improved OFS devices, an interrupted time series design to estimate impacts of the project on adoption of improved OFS, and a difference-in-differences design to compare the outcomes of smallholder farmer adopters of the technology with a matched group of nonadopters before and after the project.", + "Key Findings": "1. Market: Evidence suggests that the project created an emerging market for improved OFS. Substantial smallholder farmer adoption of the technology indicates the presence of demand. Multiple firms compete in the market, though three large firms dominate.\n2. Adoption: Evidence suggests that the competition was successful in scaling up adoption of improved OFS. The competitors’ investments in developing distribution networks and promoting improved OFS to smallholder farmers likely increased adoption by 23 percentage points in Eastern (with 28% of farmers reporting that they adopted in total) and 6 percentage points in Rift Valley (with 10% of farmers reporting they had adopted in total) compared to what the interrupted time series model projects would have happened in the project’s absence. This is a substantial increase: the evaluation projected that without the project, adoption in 2017 would have been 5% in Eastern and 4% in Rift Valley.\n3. Smallholder income and food security: The income and food security impact of OFS adoption was small, with the main benefit of adoption being reduced use of pesticide dust. Adopters increased maize sales revenue by a small amount (nearly US$2 per year per household), but did not reduce their expenditure on maize for consumption. Adopters reduced pesticide dust usage by 36 percentage points, and many reported that reduced pesticide use was the key motivation for adopting improved OFS. In other words, adopters appeared to be substituting one storage technology (improved OFS) for another (traditional storage devices in combination with pesticide dust). Accordingly, the evaluation found that adopters spent just over US$2 less each year on pesticide dust (significant at the 1% level). Adopters’ annual spending on storage containers, however, was on average about US$1 higher than spending by non-adopters (also significant at the 1% level). In order to calculate a total monetary impact at the household level, the evaluation team estimated the combined effect of adoption on revenue net of costs for containers, pesticide dust, and maize purchased for consumption. The difference of about US$3 was not statistically significant.\n4. Scale and cost-effectiveness: The project reached substantial scale, as\nmeasured by the adoption rate. The project cost per household reached was US$39, while the project cost per metric ton of storage sold was US$25.\n5. Sustainability: The supply and demand conditions at endline are indicative of a strong basis for the market to be sustained, although smallholder farmers’ economic returns to adoption are limited in this context.", + "Key Recommendations": "The evaluation of the Kenya challenge project generated several lessons. One key lesson is relevant to sponsors as they consider whether to go ahead with a new prize competition. To understand the potential magnitude of benefits to be generated from the competition, competition designers should conduct an ex-ante cost-effectiveness analysis and carefully articulate the assumptions underlying the theory of change. Designers should also perform sensitivity analysis to determine the impact of key assumptions that influence projected\nbenefits, including accounting for any alternative technologies in use that provide the same benefit. ", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://agresults.org/learning/48-evaluation-final-report-kenya-on-farm-storage-challenge-project/file", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, and Hunting", + "Business Services" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Elite Innovations", + "A-Z Textile Mills", + "Bell Industries" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments", + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships", + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Denise Mainville Consulting", + "Abt Associates" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Agriculture and Food Security" + ], + "Type of Document": "Impact Evaluation Report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Micro, Small, or Medium Enterprise" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2019" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Elaine Tinsley", + "Ibrahim Ali Khan", + "Maitreyi Bordia Das" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "2000-DAS-GLO", + "Document Title": "Results-Based Financing Through Social Enterprises: A White Paper for the Global Partnership for Results-Based Approaches, in Response to the Covid-19 Pandemic", + "Document Summary": "This White Paper is intended as an approach and guidance for [the Global Partnership for Results-Based Approaches (GPRBA)] partners, World Bank task teams, and other actors who engage in RBF. Because a major part of GPRBA’s mandate is to design and fund results that are related to better service delivery, the paper focuses on two overarching objectives that can be achieved by engaging SEs through an RBF approach:\n\n• Helping reduce the spread of COVID-19 cases, and\n• Helping minimize the socioeconomic impact of the pandemic, especially on poor and excluded groups.\n\nThese two objectives have been developed around interventions that are already being undertaken by SEs to support their clients and communities during the pandemic. The paper, however, expands on the objectives by defining the intermediate outcomes and result indicators that need to emerge/need to be realized if these goals are to be achieved. \n\nAdditionally, since the verification of results before disbursement of funds is a core part of GPRBA’s implementation modality, the paper explores tools and\nmechanisms that could be used to substantiate results, while taking into account the need to reduce in-person interactions in light of COVID-19. In particular, it illustrates how mobile phones and aerial imagery could be employed to supervise project performance and verify results remotely, based on practices developed in the context of insecure regional environments.\nBuilding on the foundation of successful GPRBA projects, the paper furthermore provides an overview of the financing arrangements that can be utilized to collaborate with SEs. \n\nFinally, because RBF approaches typically create a lag between the delivery of a service and receipt of payment by the service provider, project designs need to incorporate mechanisms that ensure that SEs have adequate resources to continue their development activities. The paper, therefore, provides an overview of the following two mechanisms: [pre-financing and retroactive financing].", + "Key Findings": "This White Paper is meant as a guidance document for GPRBA partners, World Bank task teams, and other actors engaged in RBF.\n\ni. To help reduce the spread of the COVID-19\nThe illustrative intermediate outcomes identified below can help the overall outcome of minimizing the number of cases of COVID-19, by contributing towards reduction and containment of the spread of the virus. These include, among others, raising awareness and community support for adopting precautionary measures; providing hygiene facilities and products; and testing, tracking and treating cases. While these outcomes are structured specifically with COVID-19 in mind, their benefits can extend beyond the\npandemic.\n\nii. To help minimize the socioeconomic impact on the poor.\nSEs have been proactive in mitigating the impacts of the COVID-19 crisis, both in the short and the medium term. In the short term, many have focused on providing basic needs services such as food distribution and cash transfers. Other SEs have been engaged in preserving livelihoods, particularly in the more vulnerable rural areas. Still others have been providing school children with remote education and the sick with telemedicine remote consultations.", + "Key Recommendations": "(pg. 17) Working with SEs Using RBF Five Recommendations:\n1. Since SEs are already active in responding to the pandemic, RBF can assist them to scale up their work. If GPRBA funding is a possibility, SEs could also take on additional activities – the activity menu need not be limited to existing actions.\n2. Many mature SEs already have robust M&E systems that they use to measure and track their impact, as well as improve their feedback loop. These systems can be audited and used for data collection and verification.\n3. SEs with experience in working with the government should be utilized. For example, BRAC in Bangladesh, Life Bank in Nigeria, and Abwaab in Jordan have already been working with the government on COVID-19 relief measures.\n4. The results and outcome indicators need to be simple and easily verifiable and should build on existing data-collection methods.\n5. Interventions that are likely to have a longer-term impact, should be prioritized when possible—in particular, those that improve country systems and outcomes, allow for benefits to continue to accrue beyond the project funding cycle, and prepare the country for the next emergency.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/34319", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Health Care", + "Financial Services" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "RangSutra", + "Global Mamas", + "Green Afro-Palms", + "FoodFlow", + "Tugende", + "LabourNet", + "Hasiru Dala", + "Saral Designs", + "Kinnos", + "LifeBank", + "Sehat Kahani", + "Living Goods", + "Erk Mead", + "Hewatele", + "AlTibbi", + "ARMMAN", + "Karma Primary Healthcare", + "Ubongo", + "40K PLUS", + "Eneza Education", + "Sanivation", + "Safe Hands", + "Arifu", + "Opendream", + "Self-Employed Women’s Association (SEWA)", + "Mauqa.Online", + "Bangladesh Rural and Advancement Committee (BRAC)", + "Goonj", + "MDaaS Global", + "Mawdoo3", + "Abwaab", + "Shining Hope for Communities (SHOFCO)", + "Connect Hear" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Flexibility and Pace" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;", + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "World Bank Group", + "Global Partnership for Results-Based Approaches (GPRBA)" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "COVID-19" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Humanitarian Assistance" + ], + "Type of Document": "White Paper/Think Tank Report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Micro, Small, or Medium Enterprise", + "Formal Sector" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2020" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Elrha" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "2000-ELRHA-GLO", + "Document Title": "Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Innovation Catalogue: A Collection of Innovations for the Humanitarian Sector Second edition", + "Document Summary": "[Elrha is] proud to present the second edition of [their] Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) Innovation Catalogue. This is an updated collection of some of the most promising solutions in WASH. The updated Catalogue offers easier navigation, updated evidence on a range of [their] innovations, plus a number of newly added innovation projects.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.elrha.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/HIF-WASH-innovation-catalogue-2.0-WEB_spreads.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Health Care" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities", + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Elrha" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Humanitarian Assistance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Industry Publication", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Multi-national Business", + "Formal Sector", + "Regional Business", + "Local Business" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2020" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Gabrielle Gueye" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Philippines" + ], + "Document ID": "2000-GUEYE-PHL", + "Document Title": "The Farmer Entrepreneurship Program (FEP) Project Case Study", + "Document Summary": "This case study examines the farmer entrepreneurship program, which works to build local agricultural businesses in the Philippines. Small scale farmers faced many challenges including: not using sustainable production practices, limited access to integrated post-harvest facilities, low business skills, weak marketing links with buyers, and inadequate capital. The private sector worked to solve these problems by providing them with the proper training and resources needed. Private sector companies would then buy the products to sitmulate growth for small scale farmers.", + "Key Findings": "1. The relationship between JFC, other larger buyers and the smallholder farmers provided winning opportunities for all.\n2. The senior managers and leadership at JFC believed\nthat supporting the smallholder farmer was important, and that it ensured continued commercial success.\n3. One of the most successful FEP initiatives took place in an \narea where the mayor saw, understood and valued the partnership with JGF. Policy makers and regulators also had strong roles and responsibilities in leveling the playing field in regard to finding ways of improving business relationships between smallholder farmers and buyers.\n4. The cooperatives were geographically scattered to reduce the risk of regional weather uncertainties and to diversify the crops farmed.\n5. Many of the partner companies were unaware of the impact they had on smallholder farmers that happened to be women. This lack of awareness was a missed opportunity and amplified operational risk.\n6. Economic opportunities trickled throughout the community in the form of crop production, storage and food processing, and these activities offered new jobs for the elderly, youth and women.\n7. Scaling the project required the full participation of several partners, and coordination across multiple partners was more difficult than anticipated.\n", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.crs.org/sites/default/files/tools-research/crs_fep_jollibee_case_study.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Business Services", + "Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, and Hunting", + "Financial Services" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Jollibee Food Corporation (JFC)" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments", + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships", + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Catholic Relief Services" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Agriculture and Food Security", + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Corporate Foundation", + "Large Enterprise" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Asia" + ], + "Year": "2020" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Caryn Bredenkamp", + "Ramesh Govindaraj", + "Sang Minh Le" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Vietnam" + ], + "Document ID": "2000-MINHL-VNM", + "Document Title": "Public-Private Partnerships for Health in Vietnam: Issues and Options", + "Document Summary": "The gap between the need for investment and the capacity of the state to finance it has focused the government of Vietnam’s attention on the mobilization of private resources for public development goals, including through public-private partnership (PPP) models. Over the past two decades, 336 PPP contracts have been signed, mainly for developing infrastructure in the transport, energy, water, and commercial sectors. PPPs have thus emerged as a new way to deliver health infrastructure and services in Vietnam, supplementing other forms of public-private arrangements that have been used since the government introduced the “socialization” policy (aimed at mobilization of private resources for health and other sectors) in the early 1990s. \n\nThe objective of this report is to inform the decision-making of the government of Vietnam on health PPPs, including the PPP Investment Law and its associated regulations, as well as the policies of relevant ministries and the decisions by city and provincial authorities regarding individual PPP transactions. This report should not be interpreted as endorsing PPPs as the only or even the optimal approach to engaging the private sector in improving health care in Vietnam. Rather, given the government’s wish to implement PPP models, the report seeks to provide examples of global good practice and the lessons learned in the formulation and implementation of PPPs worldwide to support the government of Vietnam in its decisions. ", + "Key Findings": "1. This report shows that health care public-private partnerships (PPPs) have been used widely in developed countries as well as in lower-middle-income countries.\n2. In Vietnam, the gap between the need for investment and the capacity of the state to finance it has focused government attention on the mobilization of private resources for public development goals, including through PPP models.\n3. Designing and implementing health PPPs in Vietnam is constrained by significant barriers in the legal framework, institutional arrangement, and capacity of both the public and private sectors.\n\nAchievements in implementing health care infrastructure and service delivery PPPs are modest. Out of three signed health PPP contracts, a BOO contract for the development of a 500-bed general hospital was terminated; a BOT contract for the development of a 200-bed on-demand hospital, although effective since 2014, has been having problems for several years; and a BT contract for the construction of a public health university, although completed, missed the opportunity to have the private sector share in the maintenance responsibility.", + "Key Recommendations": "1. Four of the regulated contract types—Build-Lease-Transfer, Build-Transfer-Lease, Build-Operate-Transfer, and Build-Transfer-Operate—are feasible in the health sector.\n2. In the long term, the government of Vietnam should reorient health PPPs toward equity and efficiency, two fundamental objectives of the national health system.\n3. Vietnam is developing a PPP Investment Law, and this is a great opportunity to refine PPP concepts and optimize the processes and procedures for PPP project development.\n4. The PPP Investment Law should include a clear description of the purpose and the required content for each phase of the procurement process.\n5. Rather than focusing on inputs, PPP contracts should specify the required outputs or desired outcomes and link payments to the project company to the achievement of these outputs and outcomes.\n6. The PPP legal and regulatory framework should set clear requirements on when unsolicited proposals should be allowed, and, where possible, unsolicited proposals should be subject to a competitive procurement process.\n7. The PPP Investment Law should allow ASAs to provide financial support, including construction subsidies, availability payments, and guarantees.\n8. The PPP Investment Law and related legal documents should also describe in detail the roles and responsibilities of government agencies and ASAs for managing fiscal commitments associated with PPPs.\n9. The Ministry of Health (MOH) should develop a circular guiding the screening, preparation, implementation, monitoring, and evaluation of health PPP projects in line with equity and efficiency objectives.\n10. Institutional arrangements within the health sector for managing public-private engagements (PPEs) and PPPs also need to be strengthened.\n11. PPP units at the central and provincial levels should estimate and mobilize resources for developing health PPP projects, where appropriate.\n12. Public health managers should be trained to develop sufficient competencies to prepare and implement health PPPs.\n13. Further development of the private sector and communication with potential investors both create more opportunities for the public sector to build effective and sustainable partnerships on health care PPP projects.\n14. Finally, the development of local capital markets can improve the availability of long-term financing for health PPP projects.\n\nIn the current context, health PPP models and contracts should be adopted with caution. The “asset-heavy, service-light” PPP models, such as equipment PPPs and facility PPPs, seem to be the most feasible options. Small-scale “asset-light, service-heavy” PPP models, such as specialized services PPPs and integrated PPPs at the primary health care level may be suitable for selected projects for which the private sector has a competitive advantage.\n\nIn the long term, the government of Vietnam should reorient health PPPs toward equity and efficiency, two objectives of the national health system. All potential health care PPP projects should go through a rigorous screening process to ensure that they are suited to the universal health coverage goals and provide value for money (VfM) under this modality.\n\nThe definition of PPP in the legal framework should highlight the long-term nature of the contracts for service delivery, the importance of optimal sharing of risks and management responsibilities, and the key role of performance-linked payments in fostering effective PPPs. The scope of PPP contracts should not be limited to “build and operate/lease” infrastructure facilities but rather should be expanded to deliver high-quality public services to the population.\n\nThe PPP Investment Law should also allow ASAs to provide public financial support and establish mechanisms to calculate, account for, and monitor fiscal commitments.\n\nThe institutional arrangements for managing public-private engagements and partnerships in the health sector should be reinforced. \n\nFurther development of the private sector and local capital markets would create more opportunities for the public sector to build effective and sustainable partnerships with the private sector through health care PPP projects.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/33724", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Financial Services" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "World Bank" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Ability to Influence Policy" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge", + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;", + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "World Bank Group" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Health" + ], + "Type of Document": "Industry Publication", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Financial Institution, Investors, and Intermediaries" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Asia" + ], + "Year": "2020" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Jefferson Shriver" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Uganda" + ], + "Document ID": "2000-SHRIV-UGA", + "Document Title": "Revitalizing Vanilla in Uganda: A Case Study Analysis of CRS Vanilla Value Chain Programming in Uganda, 2015-2020", + "Document Summary": "This case study examines the farmer entrepreneurship program, which works to build local agricultural businesses in the Philippines. Small scale farmers faced many challenges including: not using sustainable production practices, limited access to integrated post-harvest facilities, low business skills, weak marketing links with buyers, and inadequate capital. The private sector worked to solve these problems by providing them with the proper training and resources needed. Private sector companies would then buy the products to sitmulate growth for small scale farmers.", + "Key Findings": "Production: The national plant inventory of vanilla doubled through project interventions: 200,000 new vines on 400 acres were distributed\nand planted, and 533 acres of existing vanilla plantations were rehabilitated.\nFarm Income: Average gross income from vanilla over a year period increased from US$100 at baseline to US$2,224. Removing the issue of theft, farmer incomes increase to over US$8,000.\nOrganization: CRS and project actors helped to strengthen the Rwenzori Farmers Cooperative Union (RFCU) governance and financial management systems and service delivery to members.\nDiversification: Both RFCU and primary cooperative societies are diversifying their farm plots beyond vanilla to include cacao, bananas, coffee, soy, chia and other products. Diversification is a risk mitigation strategy to smooth both cooperative and farmer incomes over the medium- to long-term.\nTrade Facilitation: CRS facilitated the relaunch of the Association of Vanilla Exporters of Uganda (VANEX), which is now influencing trade and\nthe public policy environment for vanilla on an ongoing basis.\nRegulation: CRS and project actors influenced the drafting of a national level Ministerial Policy Instrument for the vanilla sector at the country level, with official harvest campaign dates announced by the government for the first time. Based in the agriculture branch of the national government, a commissioner was named to coordinate all vanilla\npolicy-related activities at the national level.\nRegulation: CRS and project actors designed and influenced the implementation of a vanilla ordinance in the Kasese and Bundibugyo districts, using a public policy and law enforcement instrument to address early picking and theft.", + "Key Recommendations": "Uganda needs to continue to increase its production of exportable, high-quality vanilla at a national level to further strengthen its position as a strong secondary source of vanilla on the global market after Madagascar. This is a five- to ten-year process, with much work left to be done among all actors on the value chain.\nDesign climate-smart production systems using diverse agroforestry systems as a foundation. Given the probable impacts of climate change on vanilla in Uganda in the coming years, this component is paramount to a successful country level strategy. Vanilla farm landscapes should\ninclude appropriate tree-based agriculture services (shade, nitrogen fixing, fuel and fodder resources), soil conservation strategies that increase water retention and drainage, and intercropping strategies of other cash and food crops.\nSmallholder farmer organizations focusing on vanilla will need to be created or strengthened to further consolidate smallholder farmer position as relevant actors on the chain. The CRS experience in building economies of scale is that this process usually takes 7-10 years of accompanying farmer organizations to sufficient levels of maturity. CRS will apply its existing set of tools to this challenge and develop more in the coming years.\nAdopt a spatial traceability platform for use among vanilla value chain actors to track product flow from farm to final retailer. CRS is currently looking at two different options and will soon select one to promote among vanilla value chain actors in Uganda.\nAdopt risk management strategies to protect farmers and other value chain actors in Uganda from price volatility. Given the potential of vanilla\nactors to work together toward common goals, a fair price scheme could be developed and adhered to based on living income data and costs of production.\nHarmonize a performance measurement system to track the social, environmental and economic indicators relevant to all actors on the chain. These could include data on yield per plant, production costs, weather patterns, reforestation, employment and aggregated data on vanilla production volume by province.\nConvert VANEX into a sustainable, independent private sector association that governs the value chain and increases its competitiveness at the national level.\nEnhance the reputation of Uganda vanilla on the global market. Launch a marketing campaign to promote Uganda vanilla as the world’s number one source of premium quality natural vanilla.\nContinue to advocate for a strengthened public policy framework to ensure a solid foundation for sector growth over the next decade.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.crs.org/sites/default/files/tools-research/revitalizing_vanilla_in_uganda_a_case_study_web_05.14.20.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, and Hunting", + "Financial Services" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Ben and Jerry's Hommade Holdings Inc" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Ability to Influence Policy", + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments", + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge", + "Risk-Mitigation and Flexible Authorities" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Catholic Relief Services" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Agriculture and Food Security", + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Micro, Small, or Medium Enterprise", + "Formal Sector" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2020" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "United Nations Development Program Connecting Business Initiative (CBi)", + "Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA)", + "United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "2000-UNDP-GLO", + "Document Title": "Connecting Business Initiative Progress Report 2020", + "Document Summary": "The Connecting Business initiative (CBi) Progress Report provides an overview of the achievements in 2020 and results of the CBi Annual Survey.", + "Key Findings": "In 2020, the initiative supported 17 private sector networks around the world in strategically engaging the private sector in disaster management. These networks reached a combined membership of 4,100 companies and they have access to more than 40,000 micro-, small- and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs). All CBi Member Networks responded to COVID-19 and, in addition, nine networks responded 19 other emergencies, including conflict, drought, earthquakes, fire, floodings, tropical storms and a volcanic eruption. They reached 17 million people through crisis response activities and raised US$45 million. In addition, networks worked on disaster preparedness and resilience.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.undp.org/publications/connecting-business-initiative-progress-report-2020#modal-publication-download", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Business Services", + "Other" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "CIFRC", + "Conrad N Hilton Foundation", + "UPS", + "Boston Consulting Group" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities", + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "UNDP" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "COVID-19", + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Humanitarian Assistance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Micro, Small, or Medium Enterprise", + "Business Association or Cooperative", + "For-profit Commercial Entity" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2020" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA)" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "2001-OCHA-GLO", + "Document Title": "Data Responsibility in Public-Private Partnerships ", + "Document Summary": "Data responsibility in humanitarian action is the safe, ethical and effective management of personal and non-personal data for operational response. This guidance note provides an overview of the common challenges to partnerships related to ICTs and data in the humanitarian sector, and it offers a set of recommendations to help humanitarian organizations and the private sector manage them more effectively", + "Key Findings": "For humanitarians, public-private partnerships that relate to information and communications technologies (ICTs) and data have multiple benefits. They offer access to new areas of expertise and technologies with the potential to improve the efficiency and speed of response. For the private sector, humanitarian partnerships offer access to new markets and contribute toward corporate social responsibility objectives. ", + "Key Recommendations": "To improve data responsibility, public-private partnerships should: develop shared goals, conduct robust due diligence, perform a risk-benefit assessment, structure partnerships through appropriate agreements, and design technology respon", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://centre.humdata.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/guidance_note_ppp.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Technology" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "OCHA", + "The Centre for Humanitarian Data" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Humanitarian Assistance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Systematic review or Meta-analysis", + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2020" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Jeanna Holtz", + "Rachel Rosen DeLong" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "2001-USAID-MLT", + "Document Title": "Understanding Private Sector Domestic Resource Mobilization for Health", + "Document Summary": "Traditionally, domestic resource mobilization focuses on the government as the primary stakeholder responsible for raising and managing funds for health, often through taxes. Given the uncertainty around future donor commitments, sustainability concerns, emphasis on countries’ self-reliance, and increasing demand and costs for health care, there is growing interest to look beyond the public sector for additional revenues to fund health. Within this context, stakeholders agree that the private sector is an important source of additional resources that can fill global health funding gaps and help reach targets such as the Sustainable Development Goals. However, there is no consensus on what private sector domestic resource mobilization actually looks like, or its realistic potential. This primer considers a definition and examples, and examines ways to mobilize local private sector resources for health with a focus on family planning. The primer provides lessons learned and recommendations for donors who want to support future efforts in private sector domestic resource mobilization for health.", + "Key Findings": "1. Lotteries earmarked for health that the government runs, such as one in Costa Rica, earmark lottery revenues from individuals’ ticket purchases to a health program, such as one for immunization.\n2. Trust funds are private sector DRM for heath if the majority of funds that they mobilize come from the private sector, and they fund health programs. Examples include Bhutan’s Health Trust Fund, which mobilizes funds from several private sources in the country, such as private donations, salary deductions, and investment income. The government in Bhutan uses these revenues to fund health programs, including those for immunization (Thinley et al. 2017; Results for Development 2017).\n3. Taxes and levies earmarked for health that constitute private sector DRM include taxes such as an alcohol tax on households or a tax on private employers. An example is Guatemala’s alcohol tax that mobilizes funds for family planning commodities.\n4. Corporate social responsibility (CSR) for health includes contributions from companies to fund programs that aim to improve the health of employees, such as workplace wellness programs or company-run health clinics. Alternatively, CSR contributions may fund a local hospital or health program, benefiting the larger community.\n5. Lending mobilizes private sector funds by injecting private capital into a private health enterprise.\n6. Private capital investments constitute private sector DRM because they mobilize funds for health enterprises that aim to generate a financial return. An example includes investments in a health clinic. A less conventional example of private capital investment designed to generate funds for health comes from the Nam Theun 2 project in Laos in which a quasi-government entity (that mobilized public, private, and development partner funds) invested in a hydroelectric plant. The government of Laos reinvests revenue from the plant in health and development programs (Nakhimovsky et al. 2014).\n7. Health insurance contributions from households or individuals and private employers in the form of pre-payments (premiums) are forms of private sector DRM for health. Households can fund contributions from current earnings, savings, loans, or remittances. Private health insurance and government-sponsored health insurance schemes (where the government typically subsidizes and manages the scheme) both mobilize private sector funds for health.\n8. Out-of-pocket payments are “direct payments made by individuals to health care providers at the time of service use” (WHO, n.d.). Individuals can fund these payments from current earnings, savings, loans, or remittances. OOP spending differs from pre-payments, such as premiums paid for health insurance, in that OOP payments cover all or a portion of an amount owed, made when an individual uses a service. Examples of OOP spending include direct payment of fees by an individual to a provider, or cost sharing in the form of copayments, deductibles, or coinsurance, paid by individuals when they use services.\n9. Philanthropy for health includes contributions from individuals, philanthropic arms of a private business (such as a company foundation), and charities (such as religious institutions).", + "Key Recommendations": "1. Assess the fit of a DRM strategy within a country’s context. Many of the examples of private sector DRM that the authors found are relatively untested. This should not discourage donors from exploring ways to support private sector DRM, but it highlights the need to assess a country’s context and which DRM options offer the best fit. At the same time, donors must gauge the feasibility of a private sector DRM strategy, including whether its potential scale, impact, and applicability to a particular health need make sense in a country. \n\n2. Encourage resource mobilization strategies that support collaboration between the public and private sectors. When considering the potential scale and impact of private-to-private DRM strategies, the authors found that focusing on private-to-private DRM may exclude broader examples of resource mobilization that have the potential to raise funds for health (Box 4). There is potential in strategies such as consumption taxes, trust funds, and diaspora bonds that highlight how the public sector can facilitate the flow of private sector resources for health.\n\n3. Strengthen the enabling environment for private investment in private health. A favorable enabling environment can amplify efforts to mobilize private DRM for health. Donors can lend support at the systems level: helping to improve regulation, supervision, and quality assurance of private health service delivery; developing guidelines for private insurance products that complement public programs for low-income households; or investing in health information systems and digital technology.\n\n4. Consider catalytic investments in private sector DRM that will contribute to countries’ self-reliance. Donors should embrace their potential to support private sector DRM, especially through catalytic support such as technical assistance, risk mitigation, and matchmaking for investors and lenders. While private sector DRM that minimizes donor involvement may seem attractive for its apparent sustainability, solutions that mobilize catalytic support from donors may be more sustainable in the long term.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://shopsplusproject.org/sites/default/files/resources/Understanding%20Private%20Sector%20DRM.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Financial Services", + "Health Care" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities", + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Reputation and Credible Convening Power", + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge", + "Risk-Mitigation and Flexible Authorities", + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Advancing Learning and Market Research;", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;", + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment", + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID", + "Abt Associates" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Health", + "Education and Social Services" + ], + "Type of Document": "Landscape Analysis", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "For-profit Commercial Entity", + "Corporate Foundation", + "Financial Institution, Investors, and Intermediaries", + "Informal Sector", + "Local Business" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2020" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Matthew Downer", + "Belinda Baah" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Iraq", + "Pakistan", + "Mozambique" + ], + "Document ID": "2004-GSMA-GLO", + "Document Title": "Partnering During Crisis: The Shared Value of Partnerships between Mobile Network Operators and Humanitarian Organisations", + "Document Summary": "This research aims to provide evidence to help mobile network operators (MNOs) make informed decisions about engaging in partnerships with humanitarian organisations, and to help humanitarian actors better understand their MNO partners and build successful long-term partnerships.\nThis report examines the motivations and benefits for MNOs to work in partnership with the humanitarian sector. In recent years, there has been much discussion about the value of such partnerships, primarily from the perspective of humanitarian organisations. This report aims to complement these discussions with the perspectives of MNOs.", + "Key Findings": "This research aims to provide evidence to help MNOs make informed decisions about engaging in partnerships with humanitarian organisations, and to help humanitarian actors better understand their MNO partners and build successful long-term partnerships. This report examines the motivations and benefits for MNOs to work in partnership with the humanitarian sector. In recent years, there has been much discussion about the value of such partnerships, primarily from the perspective of humanitarian organisations. This report aims to complement these discussions with the perspectives of MNOs.\n\nTo provide evidence of what successful partnerships might look like, this report features the experiences of four MNOs: Zain Cash (using biometrics to deliver cash transfers in Iraq), Vodacom (supporting the responses to cyclones Ida and Kenneth in Mozambique), Jazz and Jazz Cash (working with local development partners in Pakistan) and Jawwal and Paltel Group (providing services to humanitarians and citizens in successive crises in Palestine).\n\nZain Cash Success factors\n• Embedding innovative technologies to improve cash transfer process.\n• Implementing robust operating procedures to reduce potential complications from arising.\n\nVodacom Success factors\n• Leveraging technical expertise for quick, efficient restoration of mobile connectivity.\n• Providing real-time information to humanitarians.\n• Commercial incentives combined with innovative, flexible financing schemes to enable an agile response.\n\nJazz and Jazz Cash Success factors\n• Enabling innovative solutions that are applicable to the wider humanitarian sector.\n• Co-creating sustainable mobile-based solutions with and for affected populations.\n• Creating customised dashboards in line with donor requirements.\n\nJawwal and Paltel Group Success factors\n• Resilience and redundancy in their networks through robust continuity plans, investment and innovative tech.\n• Leveraging technical expertise for quick and efficient restoration of mobile connectivity.\n• Providing real-time information to humanitarians.\n• Cultivating long-term partnerships with a range of organisations. ", + "Key Recommendations": "This report outlines four key features of successful partnerships that all parties should keep in mind:\n1. Identify shared value: structure partnerships so that they are beneficial for everyone.\n2. Align expectations: ensure that both sides align their expectations on what they are accountable for, and are clear and honest about the details of the project.\n3. Use shared language: eliminating jargon and sector-specific acronyms will make working relationships easier.\n4. Allow time: the strongest partnerships are those that are developed over time.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.gsma.com/mobilefordevelopment/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/M4H_PartneringDuringCrises_R_WEB.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Telecommunications" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Patel Group", + "Jawwal", + "Jazz Cash", + "Vodacom", + "Zain Cash" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities", + "Flexibility and Pace", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships", + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge", + "Reputation and Credible Convening Power", + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "GSM Association (GSMA)" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Conflict" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Humanitarian Assistance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Industry Publication", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Formal Sector", + "Multi-national Business", + "Large Enterprise", + "For-profit Commercial Entity" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2020" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Julia Lewis" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "2004-LEWIS-GLO", + "Document Title": "Humanitarian Rental Market Interventions", + "Document Summary": "With the increased urbanisation of humanitarian responses, shelter actors are increasingly using rental market interventions to provide shelter to vulnerable households after both man-made and natural disasters. Recognising that vulnerable households face a variety of financial, social, legal and physical barriers to accessing rental housing in these circumstances, these programmes provide not only financial support – through cash transfers, negotiated rent reductions, rent freezes or rent-free periods – but also technical support to improve the quality and availability of rental housing, services and infrastructure; to improve tenure security; and to facilitate crisis-affected households’ integration into local communities and their longer-term recovery. In their engagement with housing markets and links to the housing sector, their interaction with complex urban systems, and their dependence on various laws, policies and cultural norms, rental assistance programmes require a broader skillset than that which is usually found in the shelter sector, to include expertise in housing markets, legal counselling and social work, and highlight the need for cross-sectoral collaboration. Based on a desk review and key informant interviews, this report presents learning from those involved in the implementation, coordination and management of rental assistance programmes in a variety of natural disaster and conflict settings.", + "Key Findings": "• Rental housing occupies a grey area on the continuum between emergency and durable housing solutions, and between the shelter and housing sectors. It is therefore important that the wider rights- based concept of adequate housing is considered the benchmark in humanitarian rental market interventions.\n• Rental market interventions are a form of Market-based Programming (MBP) and should be designed, implemented and monitored following MBP best practices. This includes starting with a market analysis, and following the Minimum Standards for Market Analysis. In addition, an effective and appropriate rental market intervention is one that is founded on a context analysis and designed to address a range of barriers that displaced people face to access adequate housing.\n• Prioritise approaches that maximise the displaced households’ ability to make their choices independently (e.g. negotiating rent with landlords). Organisations should ensure that the criteria used to identify adequate rental housing are aligned with the target population’s priorities including location, cultural adequacy and cost.\n• The housing choices and preferences vary widely between men and women. It is important that the views of the different groups are captured in the decision-making process related to the selection of the properties. Attention should be given to the needs of persons with disability when identifying or upgrading properties. Integrated, multi-sectoral programmes which aim to make improvements to neighbourhoods have proven to be an effective way of addressing wider issues related to access to housing, when combined with household rental assistance.\n• Organisations should balance the need for certainty about property ownership with the need to provide humanitarian assistance, adopting an incremental approach to tenure security where necessary. Targeted support will likely be necessary to ensure that women and other vulnerable groups are not at increased risk of tenure insecurity. Trust – and proximity – between landlord and tenant can be a key factor in improving the latter’s tenure security. Written lease agreements usually help to improve tenure security. When used, a training for the two parties on the terms of the agreement is essential; including a third party in the rental contract is considered best practice.", + "Key Recommendations": "Providing shelter solutions through rental market interventions is far more than just cash assistance: it requires a multisectoral response to address the social, physical, legal and financial barriers faced by households. This is particularly challenging in complex urban environments and given the complexity of rental markets. This report serves to present some broad learning from humanitarian organisations with experience of these, to help others navigate some of these issues. Many of the examples are, however, highly context-specific, and should be viewed in this light, and applied elsewhere with caution. Equally, organisations considering using rental market approaches should ensure that programmes are informed by a full understanding of the context and markets in which they are working.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://sheltercluster.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/public/docs/rental_markets_report_final_2.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Other" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Efficiency and Effectiveness", + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Advancing Learning and Market Research;", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Global Shelter Cluster" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Conflict" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Humanitarian Assistance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Landscape Analysis", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Local Business" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2020" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Laurent Bonnefoy", + "Ali al-Jarbani", + "Tarek Barakat" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Yemen" + ], + "Document ID": "2005-BARAK-YEM", + "Document Title": "The Role of the Private Sector in Peacebuilding in Yemen", + "Document Summary": "This Brief analyzes the state of the private sector in Yemen during the ongoing war and explores its potential to contribute to the country’s peace requirements. It presents challenges entrepreneurs face and the potential contribution of these in sectors that are central to the construction and sustainability of peace. [It] focuses on the private sector’s contributions to peace requirements in six areas: the economy, politics, culture and society, security and justice, education and the environment. It is part of ’Research Cooperation on Peacebuilding in Yemen’, a wider project that encourages Yemeni-international research cooperation on peace requirements in Yemen. CARPO is implementing the entire project on behalf of the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH and by commission of the German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ).", + "Key Findings": "This Brief analyzes the state of the private sector in Yemen during the ongoing war and explores its potential to contribute to the country’s peace requirements. It presents challenges entrepreneurs face and the potential contribution of these in sectors that are central to the construction and sustainability of peace. It highlights the fact that their actions and capacity to offer jobs and revenue to the Yemeni population are constrained by the fragmentation of authority and the resultant lack of transparency. It also demonstrates that the focus on regional and international aid has left many entrepreneurs feeling abandoned and helpless.", + "Key Recommendations": "Responding to the specific needs of the private sector is crucial and, by most standards, remains a daunting task. Yet, a number of concrete steps can be taken now to ensure some form of improvement and enhance the capacity of entrepreneurs to make positive contributions to society.\n\n-Establish a coordinating body between the private sector and CSOs: Civil society actors and the formal private sector should establish a nonpartisan coordinating body that would reduce barriers between them\n\n- Establish a network between the private sector, CSOs and local authorities\n\n- Encourage international actors to establish strategies and mechanisms enabling the private sector to support society\n\n-Engage in a defragmentation of institutions", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://carpo-bonn.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/carpo_brief_19_18-05-20_EN.pdf", + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Ability to Influence Policy" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment", + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "CARPO" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Conflict", + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Humanitarian Assistance", + "Peace & Security" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "USAID Region": [ + "Middle East" + ], + "Year": "2020" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "GSM Association (GSMA)" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "2005-GSMA-GLO", + "Document Title": "Mobile for Humanitarian Innovation", + "Document Summary": "Even before the impact of COVID-19 was factored in, it was estimated that nearly 168 million people will need humanitarian assistance and protection in 2020. This reality is set against a backdrop of limited resources, access challenges and insufficient aid budgets. Research has shown that despite immense challenges, accessing and using mobile technology continues to be a priority for people affected by crisis. Mobile technology can play a vital role in helping displaced populations become more self-reliant, and offers a dignified and flexible way to provide humanitarian aid.\n\nThis belief is the backbone of the GSMA Mobile for Humanitarian Innovation (M4H) programme. The M4H programme is a multi-year programme running from 1 April 2018 through 31 March 2022, and is funded by the UK Department for International Development (DFID), the GSMA and its members.\n\nThis annual report captures the progress made by the M4H programme and our partners in 2019. It highlights key achievements, reflects on trends influencing the sector and summarises the insights and outcomes of our research, advocacy efforts, partnership projects and the M4H Innovation Fund.", + "Key Findings": "People affected by crisis continue to prioritize mobile technology not only as a means to communicate, seek and share information, but increasingly as a tool to access humanitarian assistance and become more financially resilient. It is vital that technology providers, humanitarian actors and MNOs protect client data, receive consent from clients and raise awareness of how their data is being used. A collaborative approach enables organizations to be more coordinated, to leverage strengths and to act with a shared vision. Given the multiple steps and requirements involved in delivering CVA successfully, for example, this approach may deliver greater benefits for all, particularly the recipients of humanitarian aid. ", + "Key Recommendations": "Whether humanitarian actors digitise their solutions or not, the individuals they serve are becoming more connected. A step-change is necessary to ensure that digital services are fit forpurpose and, most importantly, safe and secure. It is therefore critical that all actors operating in this space manage client data responsibly and ensure no one is left behind\n\nThere is still much to be done to ensure that local innovators can access and participate in funding mechanisms. Our hope is that they will not only be given funding to develop new ideas and prototypes, but also mentoring support and access to international support networks, which are not\navailable in all countries. Also, as more international NGOs launch in-house innovation accelerators, they should ensure that they engage, rather than\ndisplace, local actors.\n\nAdditionally, with GSMA member commitments to disclose climate impacts and energy and GHG emissions, we urge the humanitarian sector to consider sizing the climate the footprint of their digital services and determine whether these services are sustainable", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.gsma.com/mobilefordevelopment/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/M4H_Annual_Report_Spreads.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Technology", + "Telecommunications" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Ability to Influence Policy", + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment", + "Advancing Learning and Market Research;", + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "GSM Association (GSMA)" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Humanitarian Assistance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2020" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Connectivity Capital" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Nepal", + "South Africa", + "Malaysia", + "Tanzania" + ], + "Document ID": "2005-USAID-MLT", + "Document Title": "Barriers to Investing in Last-Mile Connectivity", + "Document Summary": "This research report utilizes interviews from investors in its analysis of the barriers to investing in last-mile connectivity. The interviews included different cateogires of investors: 1. Grants and Corporate Investors, 2. Development Finance Institutions (DFIs) and 3. Impact Investors, Venture Capital, and Private Equity Investors. The report discusses the four barriers to investing: 1. Last-mile connectivity is a challenging sector with multiple external dependencies, 2. The majority of last-mile connectivity companies struggle to secure investment due to their company growth stage, 3. Investor economics and return expectations often don’t align with available ISP potential transactions, and 4. Regulatory uncertainty and ineffectiveness often add significant complexity to any potential transaction. Findings highlight short term, mid term, and long term recommendations for addressing these barriers in investment. ", + "Key Findings": "To understand the barriers to investing in last-mile connectivity, it is important to first understand the typical investment process, regardless of sector. Investors prioritize investments based on risk factors and available mitigation strategies.\n\nInvestors often use a multi-step process to source and evaluate a potential investment. Each stage of the investment process introduces specific categories of risk. Investors work to identify these risks and develop pro-active risk mitigation strategies before, during, and after the investment transaction takes place. The investment process functions like a typical sales funnel. As a potential investment moves through the process, new categories of risk are identified and assessed with a decreasing number of potential transactions moving forward to the next stage of the investment process.\n\nInvesting in last mile connectivity requires investors to address four major barriers that emerge from the risk categories identified. In many ways, the operational complexity and commercial viability of operating an ISP has improved considerably over the last decade. The expansion of new telecom infrastructure and deconsolidation of legacy infrastructure has provided new opportunities for ISPs of various sizes to expand and thrive in previously unavailable market segments. \n\nHowever, our interviews indicated that investors are still reluctant to invest in last-mile connectivity transactions. After completing the interviews, our team analyzed the findings to identify key takeaways and recurring themes across the range of Investors interviewed. \n\nInvestors prioritize the potential upside vs downside of an investment based on risk factors and available mitigation strategies. Using the framework of risk categorization across sectors, this research sought to identify specific barriers within each risk category. The section below explains each of these barriers in detail and seeks to describe the challenges Investors face in making investments in last-mile connectivity companies.\n\nThe four barriers to investing are summarized below.\n1. Last-mile connectivity is a challenging sector with multiple external dependencies.\n2. The majority of last-mile connectivity companies struggle to secure investment due to their company growth stage.\n3. Investor economics and return expectations often don’t align with available ISP potential transactions.\n4. Regulatory uncertainty and ineffectiveness often add significant complexity to any potential transaction.", + "Key Recommendations": "Barrier 1, Sector Risk: Last-mile connectivity is a challenging sector with multiple external dependencies:\n- Short-term: Encourage knowledge sharing of business models, with specific focus on deployment model, customer segmentation, and revenue models.\n- Mid-term: Advance benchmarking and information sharing of Investor metrics\n- Long-term: Financing middle mile that enables last mile and overall sector attractiveness \n\nBarrier 2, Execution Risk: The majority of last-mile connectivity companies struggle to secure investment due to their company growth stage.\n- Short-term: Develop open-source Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) to provide low-touch productized technical assistance at scale.\n- Mid-term: Support targeted TA for Investment Readiness of ISPs, emphasizing investor need for a track record of performance packaged in a way that speaks to their investment criteria; Advisory and market intelligence TA support for Investors, to help reduce risk misconceptions\n- Long-term: Encourage experimentation but elevate what’s working at scale\n\nBarrier 3, Financing Risk: Investor economics and return expectations often don’t align with available Internet Service Provider (ISP) potential transactions.\n- Short-term: Support blended finance to reach missing middle growth stage ISPs\n- Mid-term: Develop currency risk-mitigation structures to unlock and leverage significant pools of private yield-minded infrastructure capital.\n- Long-term: Adapt known financing products and structures to LMC that can reduce cost of capital, risk perception, and standardize transaction process\n\nBarrier 4, Regulatory Risk: Regulatory uncertainty and ineffectiveness often add complexity to any potential transaction.\n- Short-term: Promote transparency of regulations and all sizes and types of LMC providers. \n- Mid-term: Facilitate enabling infrastructure including data centers, Internet exchange points, local hosted content, etc. \n- Long-term: Encourage harmonization of regulatory framework across economic regions.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://2017-2020.usaid.gov/sites/default/files/documents/15396/Barriers_to_Investing_in_Last-Mile_Connectivity.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Technology", + "Telecommunications", + "Business Services", + "Engineering & Construction", + "Financial Services" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "INVEST", + "Connectivity Capital", + "DAI Global, LLC" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Ability to Influence Policy", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities", + "Flexibility and Pace", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge", + "Reputation and Credible Convening Power", + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships", + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Advancing Learning and Market Research;", + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Connectivity Capital", + "USAID" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Economic Growth", + "Education and Social Services" + ], + "Type of Document": "Landscape Analysis", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "For-profit Commercial Entity", + "Corporate Foundation", + "Financial Institution, Investors, and Intermediaries", + "Micro, Small, or Medium Enterprise", + "American Business", + "Local Business", + "Regional Business", + "Multi-national Business", + "For-profit approach that generates sustainable income" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2020" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Global Protection Cluster Task Team on Cash for Protection" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "2006-GLOBA-GLO", + "Document Title": "Cash and Voucher Assistance for Protection: Taking stock of cash assistance to achieve protection outcomes in the protection sector in humanitarian settings", + "Document Summary": "The Global Protection Cluster (GPC) Task Team on Cash for Protection (TT C4P) was established in 2017 with the aim of increasing knowledge about the use of Cash and Voucher Assistance (CVA) in the protection sector and increasing the effectiveness and quality of programmes using CVA to achieve protection outcomes. The Task Team hosts open membership, currently bringing together over 40 participants across 30 organizations representing a diversity of organizations, countries and experiences on both protection and CVA. Among its objectives for 2019-20, the Task Team identified as a priority the development of a taking stock paper on the use of CVA to achieve protection outcomes in humanitarian settings. This paper is the result of that collaborative effort and will be updated periodically to capture available evidence.\n\nThis paper aims to contribute to a common understanding of the use of CVA for protection outcomes within the protection sector amongst humanitarian stakeholders — including implementing agencies (UN, INGO, NGO and CBO), donors and host governments — sharing up-to-date evidence and practice. Another purpose of this paper is to highlight opportunities for the effective use of CVA within the protection sector to achieve protection outcomes, whilst also identifying gaps in knowledge, evidence and practice that require critical attention and resources. While CVA for sectoral or multisectoral outcomes may also contribute to protection outcomes, the scope of this paper is limited to the protection sector’s experience with CVA in stand-alone protection programming. ", + "Key Recommendations": "There is a need for further research on the use of CVA for protection in conflict settings using mixed methods quasi-experimental designs – as the use of other rigorous methods in many conflict-affected settings has proven to be highly problematic both ethically and operationally.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.globalprotectioncluster.org/old/wp-content/uploads/GPC_Stock-Taking_2020_ENGLISH-1.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Other", + "Financial Services" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Efficiency and Effectiveness", + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Global Protection Cluster" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Humanitarian Assistance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Impact Evaluation Report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Financial Institution, Investors, and Intermediaries", + "Formal Sector" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2020" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Global Communities" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Yemen" + ], + "Document ID": "2006-GLOBA-YEM", + "Document Title": "Integrated Modalities to Promote Agriculture, Cash-for-Work & Training in Yemen", + "Document Summary": "This is a final program report of the Integrated Modalities to Promote Agriculture, Cash-for-Work and Training in Yemen (IMPACT Yemen) program. The [IMPACT Yemen] program, funded by the Office of U.S. Foreign Disaster Assistance (OFDA), was designed to meet humanitarian and early recovery needs of 74,908 vulnerable and conflict-affected populations in Yemen through an integrated approach to improve food security and livelihoods, improve WASH outcomes, and promote economic opportunities in Aden, Lahj, Al Dhale, Sana’a, Dhamar, Ibb, and Taiz governorates. The 18-month IMPACT Yemen program was originally awarded a budget of $7,010,000 and was implemented solely in the northern governorates of Sana’a, Ibb, Taiz, and Dhamar. The IMPACT Yemen program was later awarded a cost modification, increasing the budget by $4,179,655 (total $11,189,855), to enable Global Communities (GC) to expand the geographic reach of the IMPACT program to the southern governorates of Aden, Lahj, and Dhale. The program also received a 3-month No-Cost Extension (NCE) for the southern governorates only in January 2020, resulting in a total period of performance of 21 months. Despite initial administrative delays in the signing of principle and subagreements with Yemeni authorities and the subsequent COVID-19 pandemic, IMPACT Yemen achieved significant results in both southern and northern regions of Yemen. ", + "Key Findings": "The program report highlights key achievements of IMPACT Yemen in agriculture and food security, early recovery market systems, and WASH.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00X287.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Business Services", + "Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, and Hunting" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "IBTCI", + "Solution Consulting" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships", + "Risk-Mitigation and Flexible Authorities" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Global Communities" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "COVID-19" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Humanitarian Assistance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "For-profit Commercial Entity" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Middle East" + ], + "Year": "2020" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Helena Posthumus", + "Irene Visser", + "Anne Rappoldt", + "Katrine Danielsen", + "Rob Kuijpers", + "Verena Bitzer" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "2007-Bitzer-MLT", + "Document Title": "Evaluation of the Dutch RBC Agreements 2014-2020: Are voluntary multi-stakeholder approaches to responsible business conduct effective?", + "Document Summary": "This document looks at sector-level agreements on Responsible Business Conduct (RBC). “The objective of this evaluation is to gain insight into the extent to which RBC agreements advance the implementation of due diligence in conformity with the OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises (OECD Guidelines) and the United Nations Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights (UNGPs) in Dutch ‘high-risk’ sectors.” It does this by examining 11 RBC case studies in the coal, garments and textile, banking, forestry, gold, food products, insurance, pension funds, metals, and floriculture and natural stone industries. The report then addresses the successes and failures of the case studies and gives recommendations. \n", + "Key Findings": "i. Assessing the extent to which the RBC agreements are successful;\nii. Identifying the success factors and weaknesses of the RBC agreements;\niii. Recommending necessary improvements to make the RBC agreements more effective.", + "Key Recommendations": "1) Improve monitoring and reporting on due diligence progress\n2) Enhance internal transparency of company performance\n3) Improve monitoring and reporting on collective impact\n4) Create demand for RBC by applying a buyer-supplier model\n5) Improve outreach strategies to attract companies based on a clear value proposition\n6) Focus on targeted support to SMEs\n7) Facilitate meaningful collective engagement with (potentially) affected stakeholders\n8) Improve access to remedy via effective complaints mechanisms\n9) Put more emphasis on international alignment and upscaling\n10) Improve role efficiency and build linkages for better availability of expertise\n11) Establish clear minimum standards for future RBC agreements and agreement renewals\n12) Explore alternative—more efficient ways—to achieve the key outputs of the RBC agreements, particularly for those sectors with no or limited coverage.\n13) Integrate the RBC agreements in a broader RBC policy landscape to overcome companies’ constraints in achieving compliance and impact on the ground.\n14) Set up a learning agenda for continuous learning and improvement\n", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.kit.nl/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/KIT-2020-Evaluation-of-RBC-agreements-FINAL.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Other", + "Business Services" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Efficiency and Effectiveness", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Reputation and Credible Convening Power" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Advancing Learning and Market Research;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "KIT Royal Tropical Institute" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Humanitarian Assistance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Impact Evaluation Report", + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2020" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Mercy Corps" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Jordan", + "Colombia", + "Nepal", + "Syria" + ], + "Document ID": "2007-MERCY-GLO", + "Document Title": "Technology for Impact Annual Impact Report", + "Document Summary": "This is an annual report of the Technology for Impact partnership. The Technology for Impact partnership is a 5-year collaboration between Mercy Corps and Cisco. Cisco has given T4D $8.5 million in funding and $1.5 million in product and technical expertise to support seven specific initiatives. ", + "Key Findings": "HIGHLIGHTS\n\n1. 7 million people have benefited from Technology for Impact programming to date, including 5 million from Years 1 and 2.\n2. 52 programs incorporate Technology for Impact activities, more than double the programs in Year 2.\n3. 39 countries are or have been home to Technology for Impact programs and/or Cisco Meraki networks.\n\nIn this Year Three annual report, we focus on the impact that the Technology for Impact partnership has had on individuals, communities, our own 6,000+ person organization and the wider humanitarian sector. Throughout, we also offer updates on how COVID-19 has affected our work around the world, and the lessons we’re learning along the way.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.mercycorps.org/technology-for-impact-year-3", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Technology", + "Telecommunications", + "Financial Services" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Microsoft", + "Facebook", + "Cisco", + "Dimagi", + "THE DEVELOPER SOCIETY", + "TRANSLATORS WITHOUT BORDERS", + "TABLEAU", + "ONA", + "ESRI", + "ACCENTURE DEVELOPMENT" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments", + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Mercy Corps" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "COVID-19" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Humanitarian Assistance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Impact Evaluation Report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "For-profit Commercial Entity", + "Large Enterprise", + "Formal Sector" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2020" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "H2H Catalysts for Change", + "Field Ready" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Vanuatu" + ], + "Document ID": "2008-CATA-VUT", + "Document Title": "The Localization of Emergency Relief goodsReusable sanitary pads and soap in Vanuatu", + "Document Summary": "In recent evaluations and learnings from TC Harold, both the WASH and Gender and Protection (G&P) cluster highlighted the need to develop formalised guidelines on hygiene and dignity kits. Further, the WASH Lessons Learnt Report highlighted the viability of domestic procurement and recommended further exploration of the purchase and packing of kits locally. This provides a timely opportunity to review the possible items to be included\nin these kits and further explore openings for localised procurement. Field Ready has identified bathing soap and reusable sanitary pads as two key products in each of these kits that have an existing local production capacity in Vanuatu. This report aims to investigate the current and potential capacity of these two local industries and provide a comprehensive overview of the required considerations for integrating these products into emergency relief procurement frameworks. ", + "Key Findings": "1. It is time to redefine traditional emergency procurement.\nWith an increasing frequency of disasters and reduced certainty in access to global markets, the Government of Vanuatu and various donor agencies are looking to increase stockpiles of emergency relief goods in Vanuatu. There is an opportunity to build on this momentum and design strategies to better integrate localized procurement into a traditional emergency response. \n2. Localized procurement can maximize the benefits of emergency relief. The localized procurement of reusable sanitary pads and soap can boost local industry and increase economic opportunities for small and medium-sized enterprises. It can enable increased employment for predominately female industries and would facilitate a new market outlet that will help stabilize production and foster new revenue avenues. \n3. Locally produced reusable sanitary pads are a valuable addition into hygiene and dignity kits.Reusable sanitary pads are a contextually appropriate, sustainable, economical and environmentally-friendly alternative to the traditional distribution of disposable sanitary pads. To ensure that the product is best-utilised, there is a need to include supporting materials into distributed kits and design complementary distribution procedures that provide relevant information and training. \n4. With a little guidance, the Vanuatu soap industry could produce a viable alternative to imported products. The production of soap in Vanuatu is a growing industry that can provide increased economic opportunities to producers and their local suppliers. National specifications for soap still need to be formalized before there can be a clear validation of its appropriateness. Shared learning, research or training may assist producers to design a product that will meet national and donor expectations. \n5. Local substitutions will not be price competitive with international alternatives. While there are some opportunities to reduce production costs for both MHM products and soap in Vanuatu, it is unlikely that the locally produced goods will be economically competitive with those available through global procurement catalogues. The substitution of a local alternative will require donors to access their value for money not just through a direct price comparison of products, but through a social and environmental lens that accounts for the complimentary positive impacts for the community and local economy. \n6. Locally made reusable sanitary pads and soap will need to be prepositioned. \nWith limited access to bulk materials and a lengthy production time, local businesses will not have the capacity to produce the high volume of goods on-demand within the expected timeframe for emergency distribution. The inclusion of locally made sanitary pads and soap into emergency distribution kits will require allocated funds to prepare prepositioned stockpiles of goods. \n7. Locally produced kits will not always be able to fill the demand.Given the high volumes of kits typically required in an emergency, it is unlikely that localized procurement will be able to fill the total demand. Strategies should instead focus on key kits or items and aim to cover a percentage of total NFI requirements with locally procured goods. \n8. Increased localization of NFIs builds the local economy and Vanuatu’s resilience to disasters.Defining the required items and their specifications in national guidelines will enable local businesses to source and supply required products and overtime could see growth in the range of products that can be sourced locally. The increased capacity to produce, procure, prepare and store emergency relief items in-country can ensure that kits are relevant and appropriate for the context and provides a safety net should international stocks be inaccessible. ", + "Key Recommendations": "\n1. Advocate for collaborative working groups to formalize cluster guidelines on NFIs. Promote the establishment of a collaborative working group to define the contents of hygiene and dignity kits and formalize standards in national cluster guidelines. Review the possibility of a new MHM specific kit and identify which cluster this would fall under. \n2. Formalise a ‘Local Procurement Platform’ that links relevant businesses with donor agencies and facilitates the sharing of procurement requirements. Engage the Vanuatu Business Resilience Network (VBRN) to build on the existing framework that outlines localized sources for emergency items and facilitate a two-way dialogue between business houses and donor agencies. \n3. Share learnings with the NDMO and relevant clusters to facilitate the design of a national localization procurement policy. Support the design of a formalized tender process and comprehensive localization strategy for the procurement of emergency relief goods. Develop a long-term plan and aligning targets for the percentage of coverage of locally procured goods in an emergency response. \n4. Work with donor agencies to conduct a pre-assessment of locally procured items to confirm quality and suitability. \nBring together core donor agencies and INGOs to design a preassessment process that would validate the inclusion of locally made goods into existing kits or procurement strategies. Assess the quality of goods in-line with donor and cluster guidelines and where required conduct additional analysis or research into the suitability of the product. \n5. Identify opportunities to fund a pilot project to preposition locally made NFIs. Collaborate with traditional donors of prepositioned emergency relief stock, such as CERF, DFAT and MFAT, to design a pilot project that would trial the local production of complete or partial hygiene, dignity and MHM kits. \n6. Promote the design and distribution of an MHM kit that is sourced primarily in Vanuatu. Develop a comprehensive MHM kit that will meet the requirements of girls and women in an emergency context in Vanuatu. Work with relevant clusters, government departments, INGOs and donor agencies to confirm contents and aim where possible to source goods from local suppliers. \n7. Identify technologies, ingredients or knowledge sharing that could support Vanuatu soap producers to meet Cluster and donor standards. Identify research and knowledge sharing opportunities that could support soap producers to align products with industry/national/ donor standards. Host a workshop with both formal and informal soap producers to share learnings, increase production capacity and establish linkages with potential markets. \n8. Investigate opportunities to reduce production costs for local producers.Explore opportunities or linkages with Pacific RISE for the mobilization of stock for reusable sanitary pads at Pacific hubs. Investigate a model for the consolidation of procurement of local materials to reduce production costs for soap producers. \n9. Define and promote best-practice for distribution of MHM products. Work with relevant clusters and distribution agencies to define and promote the best practice for the distribution of MHM materials during an emergency. This should include the provision of awareness and product demonstrations by female staff during distributions.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.fieldready.org/_files/ugd/84d105_63190eb16e884f838f21bb7792df6248.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Processing & Manufacturing", + "Health Care" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities", + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments", + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment", + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "H2H Catalysts for Change", + "Field Ready" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Humanitarian Assistance", + "Environment/Climate Change" + ], + "Type of Document": "Landscape Analysis", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Local Business", + "Informal Sector", + "Micro, Small, or Medium Enterprise" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Asia" + ], + "Year": "2020" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Hannes Öhler", + "Andreas Fuchs" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "2008-FUCHS-GLO", + "Document Title": "Does Private Aid Follow the Flag? An Empirical Analysis of Humanitarian Assistance", + "Document Summary": "Little is known about foreign aid provided by private donors. This paper contributes to closing this research gap by comparing the allocation of private humanitarian aid to that of official humanitarian aid awarded to 140 recipient countries over the 2000-2016 period. We construct a new database that offers information on the country in which the headquarters of private donors are located to test whether private donors follow the aid allocation pattern of their home country. Our empirical results confirm that private aid “follows the flag.” This finding is robust against the inclusion of various fixed effects, estimating instrumental variables models, and disaggregating private aid into corporate aid and NGO aid. Donor country-specific estimations reveal that private aid from China, Sweden, the United Kingdom, and the United States “follow the flag.”", + "Key Findings": "The empirical results from studying humanitarian aid giving from 2000-2016 dash hopes that independent and more need-oriented aid giving from private actors will solve gaps in humanitarian aid. First, our results show that the allocation of private aid indeed follows the aid allocation of the respective official donor, i.e., lacks independence from official aid decisions. This finding is robust against the inclusion of various fixed effects, estimating instrumental variables models, and analyzing food and health aid separately. This pattern can be observed for both NGOs and corporate donors alike. Considering that previous research found geographic clustering among official donors (e.g., Aldasoro et al. 2010; Davies and Klasen 2019), our findings suggest that private donors are not very likely to change the existing reality of donor darlings and orphans. Second, we also find that the need orientation of private donors is not larger than that of official donors. In particular, it is worrisome that corporate private donors lack poverty orientation in their aid allocation given that poor countries typically require more resources to overcome humanitarian crises. Moreover, the results do not suggest that private donors are more inclined to work in difficult institutional environments where corruption is high when compared to official donors. These results on aid allocation decisions are disappointing from a humanitarian perspective.\nAt the same time, some observations provide reasons for more optimism. First, our analysis reveals a large heterogeneity across donor countries with respect to whether private donors “follow the flag.” More precisely, we find that the aid allocations of private donors of eight out of 23 donor countries are statistically significantly aligned to the aid allocations of their governments. However, only in the case of China, Sweden, the United Kingdom, and the United States can we interpret our findings as evidence for “following the flag.” Although, this is consequential since the United Kingdom and the United States are the most important contributors of private aid, this finding also suggests that government dependence is not necessarily inherent in private aid giving. Measures should be taken to reduce government influence in private aid giving. Second, it is encouraging that, in contrast to official aid, private humanitarian aid does not appear to be swayed by political distance, as we find no statistically significant relationship between private aid allocations and countries’ voting behavior in the United Nations.\n", + "Key Recommendations": "Our results speak only indirectly to the question of whether private aid is more or less effective in alleviating humanitarian crises. Given that private aid follows official aid and that it does not appear to be systematically more responsive to need indicators, our study provides few reasons to believe that private aid outperforms official aid. Nevertheless, future research should devote more attention to this question. Another natural next step would be to broaden our analysis beyond humanitarian assistance to cover all types of private aid. This will require the need for the challenging but important task to construct a comprehensive multi-donor country multi-recipient country panel database on private aid giving. Finally, while our paper shows that private donors “follow the flag,” we cannot say anything about the relative importance of the several suggested mechanisms throughout our paper. For example, we cannot conclude whether the close alignment of private and official flows is mainly the outcome of government coercion and anticipatory obedience, or whether private donors may just want to benefit from complementarities to reduce costs. Future research should make use of micro data to shed more light on the relative importance of these drivers of why NGOs and corporations “follow the flag.”", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/twec.13021", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Other" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Wiley" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities", + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Kiel Institute for the World Economy" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Humanitarian Assistance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Peer-reviewed article or other research report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Corporate Foundation" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2019" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Archibald Nyere", + "Isabel Gwaze", + "Daniel Chawatama", + "Kudzai Makoni" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Zimbabwe" + ], + "Document ID": "2008-MAKON-ZWE", + "Document Title": "Baseline Assessment Gokwe North Food Security and Agricultural Response", + "Document Summary": "The Zimbabwe chapter of the Adventist Development and Relief Agency (ADRA) commissioned this baseline study to assess the food security or insecurity, livelihood options and coping strategies for communities in 16 wards of Gokwe North following three types of shock: the outbreak of the Coronavirus Disease of 2019 (COVID—19) pandemic, prolonged mid—season droughts and the inflationary tendency of Zimbabwe’s economy. These shocks have exacerbated poverty levels that have always existed in Gokwe North. The baseline study collected livelihoods—related information reflective of the target households’ food security situation as well as the (un)availability of human, social, financial, physical and natural productive assets required to enable the target Gokwe North households to bounce back better or recover from the effects of emergencies and shocks.", + "Key Findings": "The findings of the baseline study generally suggest that local communities resident in the sampled wards have immense potential, but they experience constraints that frustrate their efforts towards food and income security.", + "Key Recommendations": "The authors recommend programming directions that include:\n1. Supporting collective bargaining\n2. Strategic exposure of farmers to exemplary models outside their communities\n3. Capacity building for sustainable appropriate technologies\n4. Women empowerment as a cross—cutting value", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00X2VR.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Other" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "VAL!Data Research" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "VAL!Data Research" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "COVID-19" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Humanitarian Assistance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Industry Publication", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "For-profit Commercial Entity" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2020" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Ukraine" + ], + "Document ID": "2008-USAID-UKR", + "Document Title": "AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT SUPPORT PROJECT: FINAL PERFORMANCE REPORT", + "Document Summary": "This is a final performance evaluation of USAID ARDS. USAID ARDS is a technical assistance project implemented by Chemonics International\nInc. through a four-year, cost-plus-fixed-fee, completion-type task order funded by USAID. ARDS built on USAID’s previous projects in Ukraine and lessons learned by USAID/Ukraine, Ukrainian partners, and other donors.\nARDS launched in September 2016 to support broad-based, resilient economic growth through a more inclusive, competitive, and better-governed agriculture sector that provides attractive livelihoods in rural areas. ARDS worked with stakeholders to implement an array of solutions to market-system failures that span the enabling environment, including land markets, policies, governance, and rights, as well as direct engagement and synchronization of both the core and supporting functions of agricultural value chains, namely, the meat, dairy, fruit, and vegetable value chains. The project worked at the national and local levels, with a special focus on rural development in southern and eastern Ukraine. ", + "Key Findings": "Throughout its work and in particular through its adoption of the Market Systems approach, ARDS identified and piloted systemic solutions\nto address major market system constraints in the Ukrainian agricultural sector. Having measured the effectiveness of implemented solutions, ARDS developed a Behavior Change Communications Strategy to further scale up initiatives that demonstrated potential to change system actors’ behavior and developed a primary message for each intervention and targeted audience. ARDS summarized behavior change results to high light outcomes, contributing factors, sources of evidence, and challenges, which proved effective and ensured consistency in delivering the right messages to target audiences.\n\nThe COVID-19 crisis has demonstrated the limited resilience of Ukraine’s agri-food sector, emphasizing the need for structural change to allow more efficient use of resources,to diversify production and sales, to add value, to continue efforts to organize the private sector to more effectively represent its interests, and for government to further adapt to a market economy in which government sets and enforces rules and regulations but does not normally itself play a major role in production and distribution. In other words, ARDS’ market systems approach and behavior change solutions are more important and relevant than ever for Ukraine.", + "Key Recommendations": "As detailed throughout this report, flexibility, responsiveness, innovation, and adaptation proved to be key to ARDS success. Willingness and ability to take risks, try innovative approaches, and truly take in learning significantly enhanced ARDS’ impact, and became even more important during the COVID-19 pandemic and quarantine. A quick pivot to online activities actually expanded ARDS’ reach, allowing more people and from a broader geographical area to be included in events than would have been possible with traditional conferences or demonstrations. USAID particularly praised ARDS for its swift reaction and effective adjustment during and after the quarantine.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.chemonics.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/Final-Report-Agriculture-and-Rural-Development-Support-Project.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, and Hunting", + "Business Services", + "Financial Services" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness", + "Ability to Influence Policy" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments", + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships", + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment", + "Advancing Learning and Market Research;", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "COVID-19" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Agriculture and Food Security", + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Local Business", + "Micro, Small, or Medium Enterprise" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Europe and Eurasia" + ], + "Year": "2020" + }, + { + "Country(ies)": [ + "Mozambique" + ], + "Document ID": "2009-agdev-moz", + "Document Title": "TRANSFORMING FRUIT PRODUCTION IN MANICA PROVINCE, MOZAMBIQUE Case study of the emerging transformational impact\nof AgDevCo’s investment in Westfalia Fruto", + "Document Summary": "This case study examines AgDevCo’s investments in Mozambique to connect local agricultural producers to export markets. It does this by working with Westfalia Fruto, a Mozambican subsidiary of a leading multinational supplier of fresh fruit to international markets. Its hope is to stimulate the local economy by employing women, increasing national income, and creating full-time equivalent jobs. The case study found signs of community uplift that include: increased spending in local communities, new economic actors and employment opportunities, formalization of production and employment, and financial inclusion. These signs are pointing towards transformal change in Mozambique. ", + "Key Findings": "In addition to catalysing transformational change in the fruit sector in Mozambique, Westfalia’s experiences in establishing\ncommercial export operations provide some other interesting lessons:\n1) Providing access to export markets can result in significantly greater incomes for fresh fruit producers such as litchi and avocado growers, even without accompanying investments in processing or value addition. Access to export markets does not however provide greater price stability that local markets - and perhaps even less.\n2) There are strong demonstration effects when working with emerging farmers, especially when producers are organised in an association. In the case of Westfalia, only 4 farmers initially sold litchi through Westfalia, while now over 200 are on track to start producing commercial grade litchi in the next few years. However, women are less likely to benefit as they tend to have access to less land and capital.\n3) Meeting international certification standards is difficult, but not impossible for emerging farmers. Meeting GlobalGap standards has required training and investment from both Westfalia and GIZ, but given that meeting the standards for one crop helps with certification for other crops, has the potential to help farmers diversify and hence reduce dependence on a single crop. Meeting these standards has also assisted in formalising labour practices and implementing basic health and safety guidelines, contributing towards SDG 8.\n4) Transformational change is not only about production and financial transactions but requires behaviour change in a number of areas, for example new production techniques including adherence to global standards for export markets, business management skills, and shifts in attitudes towards traditional gender roles. While these are all catalysed by commercial investment and soft finance other aspects may require partnerships with non-commercial actors (e.g. GIZ).\n\n5) Transformational change does not always come from smallholder farmers: in this case Westfalia is working with larger, emerging farmers who work with more land and so are able to generate indirect job creation and have greater purchasing power. This in turn drives additional community uplift spillovers. This demonstrates the importance of taking a holistic view of impact, as only focusing on the direct beneficiaries (emerging farmers) can mask the true transformational change taking place.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.agdevco.com/site/assets/files/1408/westfalia_case_study_oct_2020.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, and Hunting", + "Financial Services" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Advancing Learning and Market Research;", + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "UKAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Local Business", + "Regional Business" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2020" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Luli Pesqueira", + "Dennis J. Aigner" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Mexico" + ], + "Document ID": "2009-AIGNE-MEX", + "Document Title": "The Effects of Organizational Traits on NGO–Business Engagement in Mexico", + "Document Summary": "This paper explores the organizational traits that increase the likelihood of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) to engage with businesses in order to enhance their mutual economic, environmental and social goals, consistent with UN Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 17, Targets 17.16 and 17.17. The research is based on a survey of 364 randomly selected environmental\nand social NGOs in Mexico. A probit model is used to analyze the data and generate insights whereby an NGO’s proclivity to engage with the private sector is associated with a number of fundamental organizational characteristics that make them distinct from other NGOs active in their field. The paper includes an analysis of the determinants of specific forms of engagement and discusses some implications for NGO–business engagement and its support of the SDG targets.", + "Key Findings": "The main findings show that likelihood of NGO engagement with firms is correlated with making corporate donations deductible for businesses, NGO size and scope, activities and level of professionalization, sustaining broader stakeholder relations, and showing transparency about the mission and goals of the NGO. The paper includes an analysis of the determinants of specific forms of engagement and discusses some implications for NGO–business engagement and its support of the SDG targets. \nData indicated that:\n-Mexican NGOs are relatively small, with an average of 5.1 employees for environmental NGOs and 4.3 employees for social NGOs, with frequency distributions that are positively skewed, based on our sample. Thus, for most of them, sustaining an on-going relationship with the private sector is hampered by their small size. Larger NGOs, which have more employees and more volunteers, are better equipped and more likely to sustain engagement with firms because they have more capacity to manage multiple relationships and fulfill requirements\n-Regarding those NGOs that have sustained relations with the private sector in the past five years, our results confirm that NGOs are motivated to engage with firms because of the possibilities of acquiring additional resources, thus increasing the capacity to fulfill their mission and achieve their goals\n- Lastly, we found that even if NGOs are more likely to engage with businesses because of their ability to influence public policy and mobilize consumers, in reality the majority of engagements take the form of joint projects, followed by volunteering opportunities. Participation with companies in government forums and fundraising appeared in third and fourth place, respectively, followed by providing consulting services, designing CSR programs for companies, and collaborating with firms in the design of public policies. This shows that the majority of NGOs in countries like Mexico might prefer to concentrate in time-bound and activity-specific formats involving bilateral relationships, rather than engaging in more complex policy and campaigning processes that could position firms negatively in the eyes of the government or other stakeholders", + "Key Recommendations": "Better understanding of the mechanisms behind partnership design and implementation, as well as their outcomes and impacts, is central to ensuring that engagements of all forms and sizes—bilateral, trilateral, multi-stakeholder, and covering the full spectrum of business activity—are effectively serving to change or improve current conditions. Of particular importance in this regard would be to look more closely at what partnerships “do” in terms of sharing knowledge and expertise and mobilizing resources in order to achieve the SDGs.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/12/23/10108/pdf", + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Ability to Influence Policy", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships", + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;", + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Environment/Climate Change" + ], + "Type of Document": "Peer-reviewed article or other research report", + "USAID Region": [ + "Latin America and the Carribean" + ], + "Year": "2020" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Leandro García", + "Juan Sebastián Henao", + "Anamaría Martínez", + "Jaime Arteaga" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Colombia" + ], + "Document ID": "2009-artea-col", + "Document Title": "PRIVATE SECTOR LANDSCAPE ASSESSMENT U.S. COMPANIES IN COLOMBIA", + "Document Summary": "This analysis looks at how USAID/Colombia has engaged with the private sector under its Country Development Cooperation Strategy program, which works to engage the private sector in sustainability. The document examines many companies to learn about working conditions and social investment strategies of US companies in Columbia to understand the relationships between the companies from a financial perspective. The document is guided by two main questions, “How was the financial performance of U.S companies operating in Colombia between 2014 and 2018?” and “How did U.S companies operating in Columbia perform on social investment and sustainability in 2019?” It then gives recommendations, conclusions, and key findings regarding the key questions. ", + "Key Findings": "1. According to Colombia’s Banco de la República, for the years 2007-2018, the country that generated the greatest inflows of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) to Colombia was the U.S. (USD $28.208 billion).\n2. The inflows coming from the U.S. represented 19 percent of the total of FDI inflows to Colombia during this same period. However, the inflows coming from the U.S. have had a downward trend. In 2007 they were 30 percent, and in 2018, 23 percent. The reason behind it is the growth of\nFDI in Colombia.\n3. The amount of FDI inflows to Colombia for the years 2007- 2018 has fluctuated between USD $2 billion and USD $2.9 billion, except for the year 2010 when it plummeted to USD $1.592 billion.\n4. As of the year 2018, at least 328 U.S. companies were operating in Colombia. From these, 254 companies are foreign companies, and the remaining 74 operate in the country as different legal entities.\n5. According to a report published by Semana magazine in 2019, 102 of the 1,000 largest companies in Colombia are U.S. companies.\n6. Between 2014 and 2018, the number of SMEs increased rapidly in the country. These organizations are operating in various sectors of the economy, leading to a diversification of U.S. industrial activities in Colombia.\n7. The participation of U.S. companies in the Colombian economy has mostly concentrated in five sectors: the extractive industry, commerce and reparation of vehicles or motorcycles, manufacturing, information and\ncommunication, and professional, scientific, and technical activities. By 2018, the mining and energy, commerce, and manufacturing sectors represented more than 80 percent of capital inflows.\n8. Between 2014 and 2018, U.S. companies operating in Colombia greatly improved their financial performance (assets, equity, and earnings). According to a survey of 45 U.S. companies operating in the country, 62 percent of them believe that their operations have grown during the\nlast four years.\n9. The extractive and commerce industries represent more than 65 percent of the total assets owned by U.S. companies between 2014-2018.\n10. According to information published by the RUES (Unified Commercial and Social Registry), 80 percent of U.S. companies registered in Colombia reported having 49,237 permanent employees in 2018. However, in a report published by the U.S Bureau of Economic Analysis – BEA, that number doubles. The BEA reported that in 2018, international U.S. companies created more than 86,000 jobs in Colombia. The highest number of jobs in 2018 were created by the manufacturing industry (29 percent).\n11. This analysis found significant differences in the methods the 328 U.S. companies operating in Colombia use to apply sustainability indicators. For example, while 67 percent of the largest companies published sustainability reports, only nine percent reported this information in Colombia. In the case of small and medium-sized companies, only 16 percent published sustainability reports, and only two percent did so in\nColombia.\n12. According to the Private Sector Social Investment Index (IISP) of 2020, the largest 26 U.S. companies contributed USD $46.3 million in voluntary social investments in Colombia during 2019.\n13. According to a survey to foreign branches, all of the 45 U.S. SME companies invested USD $10.7 million in social projects.\n14. According to the IISP Index, the social projects implemented by U.S. companies focused on three main areas of development: rural (41 percent), socioeconomic (24 percent), and health (17 percent). In terms of demographics, the U.S. companies focused their social investment resources primarily on children, teenagers, and young adults (52 percent).\n15. These U.S. companies also reported that, in 2019, they invested USD $14 million in environmental factors: USD $11 million were voluntary investments, USD $2.5 million were mandatory investments, and USD $0.8 million were compensations.\n16. When comparing the average performance of 26 U.S. companies to the 102 companies participating in the IISP, the PSLA Team sees an opportunity to enhance the management of their social investment. The score of U.S. companies in the various aspects evaluated by the IISP index was below average.\n17. Only 19 percent of the 26 largest U.S. companies did social investments in PDET municipalities (Development Programs with a Territorial Focus). These investments are aligned with four of the eight pillars established by the national government: economic reactivation and agricultural production (32 percent), rural housing, drinking water and\nearly childhood care (22 percent), rural education and early childhood care (20 percent), and infrastructure and land use (19 percent). 18. The survey the PSLA Team conducted revealed that most of the 45 U.S. SMEs operating in Colombia agree social investments carried out by their companies had a positive impact on communities (56 percent), their companies have an established sustainability strategy (53 percent), and their social investments are aligned with the country's development agenda (49 percent). The survey also found some companies consider their investments are unrecognized (29 percent), that resources allocated to social actions are not proportional to the profits of the company (36 percent), and that social investments aren't a priority for their businesses (40 percent).\n19. One of the primary reasons U.S. SMEs do not establish international cooperation agreements is their perception international cooperation agencies do not have suitable work mechanisms. Some of the highlighted reasons are disparities in work agendas (16 percent), a high complexity on cooperation agreement processes (13 percent), operating processes of partner organizations are slow and not efficient (nine percent), and inconsistency in geographical focus (seven percent). The above reasons comprise 45 percent of the total results.\n20. Regarding the expectations of foreign companies on the roles of the U.S. Embassy and USAID/Colombia, the PSLA collected results demonstrating that companies are interested in establishing agreements and creating alliances with these two entities. However, these companies ignore the reach and the opportunities available to create joint work agendas between the U.S. Embassy, USAID, and the private sector.", + "Key Recommendations": "1. The U.S. Embassy's Economic Section in Colombia and USAID/Colombia should consider creating an investment strategy that has a clear focus on new industries, as well as small and medium-sized enterprises. The current approach towards existing industries should also be evaluated. This can be done by studying, for example, potential\ncooperation models with companies in the mining and energy industries.\n2. The U.S. Embassy's Economic Section should continue implementing\nstrategies to promote U.S. investment in Colombia's industries, because Colombia generates a growing number of opportunities. Additionally, the national government has been implementing tax measures that benefit the foreign industries, such as the Financing Law. Finally, Colombia's strategic geographic location is viewed as attractive by new investors.\n3. USAID/Colombia should consider working on creating a strategy to\nsupport U.S. companies facing these three important challenges: spreading local supply strategies, building a closer relationship between its social investments and strategies implemented by other participants in\nthe same territories, and prioritizing their sustainability strategies across\ntheir organizations, so stakeholders recognize them as sustainable\nbusinesses.\n4. The Mission should consider creating an active networking agenda with both the Colombian government and the private sector, to combine efforts in fostering social investments in PDET municipalities.\n5. The Mission could consider designing a strategy that contributes to a better promotion of the investments executed by U.S. companies in\nColombia, in order to improve their recognition among the various\nstakeholders.\n6. It is necessary and a strategic opportunity that USAID/Colombia\nMission develop an intensive process of dialogue with companies,\norganizations, and implementing partners regarding the contributions,\nchallenges, and gaps of social investment of U.S. companies in\nColombia.\n7. USAID/Colombia should design a protocol or communication strategy\noriented to informing companies about common strategic areas of\ninterest in the country and the procedures required to work jointly with the Mission in the development of social projects. It is important to\ncreate a positive story and reduce the high levels of unawareness of the\nMission in Colombia development.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00X6FC.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Financial Services", + "Business Services" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities", + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Advancing Learning and Market Research;", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "Landscape Analysis", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Micro, Small, or Medium Enterprise", + "Large Enterprise", + "American Business" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Latin America and the Carribean" + ], + "Year": "2020" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Raphael O. Nyonje", + "Charles M. Rambo", + "Catherine W. Nyambura" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Kenya" + ], + "Document ID": "2009-Nyamb-KEN", + "Document Title": "Private Sector Engagement in Humanitarian Aid Projects in Kenya ", + "Document Summary": "The objective of this study was to examine private sector engagement and the implementation of humanitarian aid projects [in Kenya]. The study focused on four areas where private sector offers services; logistics, technology and finance. The paradigm guiding the study was pragmatism and the study employed a cross sectional-survey design. The sample was drawn from NGOs in disaster relief programmes using both probability and non-probability sampling technique.", + "Key Findings": "Findings indicated that when private sector engagement in humanitarian logistics, humanitarian financing and humanitarian technology was applied there was improvement in implement humanitarian aid projects during disasters. There was more access to relief good, better transportation, agility, preparedness, solutions to insufficient funds through diversification, funding strategies and the relief funds were also more accessible to organizations in disaster relief. Further humanitarian innovation, utilization of communication technologies, digital fund mobilization and digital humanitarian response contributed to improved implementation of humanitarian aid projects. With this collaboration, it is possible to respond to sudden changes in need by persons in distress during a disaster; and there are available written contingency plans and procedures to respond to disasters. Needless to say, over dependency on one donor leads to less humanitarian funding and private sector issue grants to humanitarian organizations for sudden on-set disasters. Also, raising humanitarian funds through mobile money has been a success; cash transfer through mobile money enable quicker access to relief aid.", + "Key Recommendations": "The study made several recommendations as follows: engaging the private sector in a combination of fields to ensure effective response in onset of a disaster; creating a body of private sector companies engaging in humanitarian work. ", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.ajol.info/index.php/jolte/article/download/199580/188152", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Technology", + "Financial Services", + "Other" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Journal of Language, Technology, and Entrepreneurship in Africa" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Humanitarian Assistance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Peer-reviewed article or other research report", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2020" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Udisha Saklani", + "Christopher Schulz" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Nepal" + ], + "Document ID": "2009-SCHUL-NPL", + "Document Title": "The future of hydropower development in Nepal: Views from the private sector", + "Document Summary": "Private sector actors are taking on an increasingly prominent role in energy transitions, including in hydropower development and finance. Yet, there is little empirical research on the topic. This study covers private sector views on accelerating hydropower investment in Nepal, using Q methodology. Overall, this study contributes to debates on private sector involvement in hydropower development with a nuanced empirical assessment of views which contain clear visions for an independent and domestically driven future of the country's hydropower sector.", + "Key Findings": " 1) Efforts need to be focused on reforming hydropower policies and administration at the national level\n 2) Funds for hydropower development need to be increased and sought from a diversity of domestic and foreign private sources\n 3) Nepal needs to integrate its energy grid with its South Asian neighbors, starting with India.", + "Key Recommendations": "Future research could investigate concrete policies and strategies to implement the three visions that were described here, as well as their impacts on social, economic, and environmental indicators. The World Energy Council's World Energy Trilemma Index could serve as an inspiration, which has evaluated the performance of more than 100 countries on the indicators of energy security, energy equity, and environmental sustainability [100]. In 2020, Nepal was ranked among the bottom 10 countries in this index, although this may change with further investment in hydropower. From a methodological point of view, a scenario analysis of various energy futures would also be a worthwhile follow-up approach.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960148121011502?casa_token=a8ur6yigclsAAAAA:uOiEzfe6E3YHDthxXGWa4JGWykw_PZjDfR37i6YQO0wWcD2i4hzQtN4zlo033BSryY7HCbBi11s", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Energy" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Ability to Influence Policy", + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;", + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "ScienceDirect" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Environment/Climate Change" + ], + "Type of Document": "Peer-reviewed article or other research report", + "USAID Region": [ + "Asia" + ], + "Year": "2021" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Caroline Quijada", + "James White" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "2009-USAID-MLT", + "Document Title": "Engaging the Private Sector in Health System Resilience Efforts: A Strategic Approach", + "Document Summary": "This report discusses private sector engagement in health system resilience (HSR) efforts and provides a strategic approach that can guide USAID missions. The report outlines that when shock events do not provide time for preparedness planning, stakeholders would prioritize rapid private sector engagement in the areas of prevention, detection, response, and recovery. From this, this strategic approach aims to help USAID missions, as well as local governments and international system stakeholders to engage private sector actors in meeting health system resilience goals. ", + "Key Findings": "A resilient health system can withstand everyday stressors and unexpected shocks to ensure the continuous provision of both routine and emergency health services during times of calm and crisis. This report sets forth a strategic approach that can guide USAID missions in scaling private sector engagement in health system resilience (HSR) efforts.\n\nWe live in a world of hazards that is placing increasing strain on national health systems worldwide. As USAID missions seek to support governments in preparing health systems and societies for these stressors and shocks, the strategic approach outlined in this report can assist in prioritizing the private sector’s involvement. A resilient health system is one that has successfully identified, engaged, and mobilized a diverse range of public and private partners unique to the context and the wide range of potential stressors and shocks we face. No government, international body, or private sector entity can effectively prepare for and respond to stressors and shock events alone. The whole community is needed.", + "Key Recommendations": "This strategic approach emphasizes the need to build public-private joint preparedness efforts before shocks occur, to broker trust, conduct risk assessments and private ecosystem analyses, increase the number and improve the structure of partnerships for HSR, improve interagency coordination mechanisms, and develop dedicated financing to mobilize joint efforts. Depending on the type of stressor or shock event, this strategic approach can be applied in a flexible manner. In contexts where stressors have not yet led to health system collapse and where there is sufficient time to prepare for shock events before they occur, stakeholders would start at the outset of the approach, emphasizing early action to involve the private sector in broad preparedness planning. When shock events leave no time for preparedness planning (such as in the case of a natural disaster, fast moving epidemic, or violent event) stakeholders would emphasize the priorities in the latter portion of the strategic approach by encouraging rapid private sector engagement in the areas of prevention, detection, response, and recovery. This approach, regardless of the type of stressor or shock scenario, aims to tangibly help USAID missions, local governments, and international health system stakeholders systematically engage private sector actors in meeting health system resilience goals.\n\nStrategic Approach Before and Event Occurs:\n- Priority 1: Act early\n- Priority 2: Strengthen and prepare the health system by addressing stressors and planning for shocks\n- Priority 3: Invest in risk assessments and private sector analyses to inform HSR preparedness planning\n- Priority 4: Develop more partnerships using diverse private sector engagement methods", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://shopsplusproject.org/sites/default/files/resources/Engaging%20the%20Private%20Sector%20in%20Health%20System%20Resilience%20Efforts.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Technology", + "Business Services", + "Energy", + "Telecommunications", + "Transportation and Warehousing", + "Pharmaceuticals", + "Health Care" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Ability to Influence Policy", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Reputation and Credible Convening Power", + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge", + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Advancing Learning and Market Research;", + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID", + "Abt Associates" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Health" + ], + "Type of Document": "White Paper/Think Tank Report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Corporate Foundation", + "Financial Institution, Investors, and Intermediaries", + "Business Association or Cooperative", + "Micro, Small, or Medium Enterprise", + "Local Business", + "Informal Sector", + "Formal Sector" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2020" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Thomas Kalinowski" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "2010-kalin-glo", + "Document Title": "Institutional Innovations and Their Challenges in the Green Climate Fund: Country Ownership, Civil Society Participation and Private Sector Engagement", + "Document Summary": "This document examines institutional innovations with the Green Climate Fund (GCF), an organization that finances climate mitigation in developing countries. The study lays the groundwork for a larger study that will look at the effect institutional innovations have on society. The innovations that the GCF implemented challenged the function of the fund. The article concludes that the GCF gives the Global South a greater voice and opportunity to grow through private-public partnerships. There has been tension with conflicting views on what the fund should do, since it is a new organization and there should be further research to study the contradictions that occurred. \n", + "Key Findings": "The GCF is a new international organization with many institutional innovations. The GCF reflects a world in which the Global South has a stronger voice. The institution has learned from critiques such as undemocratic decision making, dominance of donors and lack of country ownership associated with the IMF and World Bank. The GCF is more democratic, and there is a parity between donors and recipient countries in decision making. Country ownership is highlighted, while voices from\ncivil societies are included systematically in the decision-making process and the monitoring of the secretariat. The GCF is more transparent than other institutions, with board meetings streamed live and documents available on the website. At the same time, the GCF has embraced the broad involvement of the private sector and has gone much further in this respect than other intergovernmental organizations. The GCF does not just systematically include the private sector in project design and implementation: it also sees the private sector as a partner to raise capital and generate profits. The GCF is thus much more than a climate agency but is deeply involved in developing economies in the Global South\nthrough public–private partnerships. As a result of the institutional innovations, there are substantial tensions between partly conflicting goals. Donor–recipient parity makes replenishment more difficult,\nwhile consensus orientation undermines ambitious spending goals. Transparency and civil society participation discourage private sector involvement, while the latter undermines the objective to channel half of the fund’s spending to climate adaptation projects.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/12/21/8827", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Financial Services", + "Other" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Ability to Influence Policy", + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Risk-Mitigation and Flexible Authorities", + "Reputation and Credible Convening Power" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Advancing Learning and Market Research;", + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "MDPI" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Environment/Climate Change" + ], + "Type of Document": "Peer-reviewed article or other research report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Multi-national Business" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2020" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Management Systems International (MSI)" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Mozambique" + ], + "Document ID": "2010-MSI-MOZ", + "Document Title": "Feed the Future Mozambique Agricultural Innovations Activity (FTF Inova)", + "Document Summary": "This evaluation assesses Feed the Future (FTF) Inova progress and effectiveness and recommends course corrections to maximize the likelihood of success in the remaining implementation period. The evaluation addresses the following questions (see Annex A for a complete list of sub-questions):\n\n1. Understand the FTF Inova approach to market systems development (MSD), its effectiveness, and how it compares with similar efforts elsewhere.\n2. Understand FTF Inova’s progress in improving agricultural outcomes 60 percent into implementation.\n3. Gauge whether FTF Inova has fostered significant transformational change in the agriculture sector.\n4. Understand FTF Inova’s gender approach and implications.\n5. Consider the above questions in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. \n\nThe evaluation took place as Mozambique fell under a Level 3 state of emergency in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. This response prevented travel to and within Mozambique, face-to-face interviews, in-person group interviews or workshops, and in-person debriefings. The evaluation addressed these challenges by using remote, online communication to gather data, hold briefings, and share results. ", + "Key Findings": "FTF Inova has implemented a flexible, systems-based, learning based approach to support agricultural businesses. The approach emphasizes the co-creation of ideas with the private sector and partnerships that start small, evolve, and deepen. Support focuses on technical advice as opposed to grant subsidies. ", + "Key Recommendations": "1. FTF Inova should continue with plans to focus on input and support markets and develop a theory of change to explain causality\n2. FTF Inova should further develop its interest in output markets.\n3. FTF Inova should review its communication strategy.\n4. USAID should conduct an independent ex-post evaluation\n5. FTF Inova should strengthen its linkage to government.\n6. FTF Inova should enhance the use of consortium strengths.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00X4SD.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Other" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Management Systems International (MSI)" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships", + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge", + "Risk-Mitigation and Flexible Authorities" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Advancing Learning and Market Research;", + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "COVID-19" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Agriculture and Food Security", + "Humanitarian Assistance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Formal Sector", + "For-profit approach that generates sustainable income", + "Multi-national Business" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2020" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Integra Government Services International LLC" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Egypt" + ], + "Document ID": "2010-USAID-EGY", + "Document Title": "USAID/EGYPT Private Sector Landscape Assessment", + "Document Summary": "This document is a landscape analysis of the private sector in Egypt. The eight sectors that the report looks at include agriculture and food processing, business consulting services, education-including vocational education and workforce development, financial services, health care, legal services manufacturing, and tourism. The document then shows opportunities for USAID to collaborate with private sector partners and lists a series of challenges that the private sector faces.", + "Key Findings": "1) The business-enabling environment (BEE) in Egypt is a persistent development challenge that cuts across all sectors.\n2) Integrating MSMEs into lead-firm supply, service, and support networks is an overarching business objective.\n3) Egypt needs more investment in training and technical and vocational education to upgrade workforce skills in line with shifting job opportunities in all sectors.\n4) The entire Egyptian economy needs a digital transformation, including in telehealth and in digital learning platforms, manufacturing, and government administration.\n5) Youth and women represent the greatest untapped human capital resource in Egypt and across the MENA region.\n6) Response to megatrends, like climate change and population growth, must be aggressive, comprehensive, and persistent, and include a large increase in investment in private sector–led research and development (R&D).", + "Key Recommendations": "1) Integrating MSMEs into lead-firm supply, service, and support networks is an overarching business objective.\n2) Egypt needs more investment in training and technical and vocational education to upgrade workforce skills in line with shifting job opportunities in all sectors.\n3) The entire Egyptian economy needs a digital transformation, including in telehealth and in digital learning platforms, manufacturing, and government administration.\n4) Youth and women represent the greatest untapped human capital resource in Egypt and across the MENA region.\n5) Response to megatrends, like climate change and population growth, must be aggressive, comprehensive, and persistent, and include a large increase in investment in private sector–led research and development (R&D).", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.integrallc.com/portfolio-item/egypt-private-sector-landscape-assessment/", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, and Hunting", + "Hospitality/Tourism", + "Educational Services", + "Business Services", + "Financial Services" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Oracle", + "Microsoft", + "Intel", + "HSBC", + "Houghton Mifflin", + "Hewlett Packard", + "Heinz", + "IBM", + "GlaxoSmithKline", + "General Motors", + "Coca-Cola" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "COVID-19" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Economic Growth", + "Humanitarian Assistance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Landscape Analysis", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Informal Sector", + "Micro, Small, or Medium Enterprise" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2020" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Simon White" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "2010-WHITE-GLO", + "Document Title": "Business Environment Reforms in Fragile and Conflict-Affected Situations", + "Document Summary": "This report presents the results of a study into how donor and development agencies can support business environment reform (BER) in fragile and conflict-affected situations (FCAS). It focuses on the way humanitarian and transitional development assistance lays the foundations for private sector development (PSD) programmes and the introduction of BER measures. It is specifically concerned with how PSD programmes build on humanitarian assistance activities and introduce BER, while answering four research questions. ", + "Key Findings": "This research found very little evidence of specific ‘interlinking’ between BER and humanitarian and transitional development assistance. However, this does not mean that linkages between reform assistance and humanitarian and other forms of development assistance are not established or possible. While reform support programmes themselves do not typically have these formal linkages embedded, many of the sponsoring donor and development agencies do run humanitarian and other forms of development assistance programmes.\n\nPriority reforms often reflect the most immediate needs of private investors, rather than long-term development visions. While a range of internationally applied tools are used to assess the business environment, these have limitations in FCAS. As a result, many assessments are augmented by local consultations with state and non-state actors, including consultations with a broad range of businessmen and women.\n\nThe levels and types of fragility and conflict tend to vary across territories, creating opportunities and entry points for sub-national programming. Donor and development agencies will often monitor and respond to these local variations. Even if a country is completely afflicted by fragility and conflict, there can be opportunities in which reforms can be supported at a local level.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.enterprise-development.org/wp-content/uploads/BEWG-FCAS-Discussion-Paper-2020.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Financial Services" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities", + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Flexibility and Pace", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge", + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "The Donor Committee for Enterprise Development" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Conflict" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Humanitarian Assistance" + ], + "Type of Document": "White Paper/Think Tank Report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Formal Sector", + "Financial Institution, Investors, and Intermediaries" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2020" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Olivia Collins", + "Jean Christophe Barbiche" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "2011-BARB-GLO", + "Document Title": "Evidence Building for Cash and Markets for WASH in Emergencies", + "Document Summary": "Over recent years humanitarian aid organisations have increasingly used market-based programming (MBP) to deliver water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) in emergencies. Market-based modalities include the distribution of cash and vouchers to enable recipient households to access the WASH goods and services they need, as well as supporting local WASH markets to deliver these goods and services at humanitarian standards. While MBP has many advantages in theory, such as contributing to economic recovery and addressing affected populations’ basic needs in a more efficient and effective way, what evidence is there that these approaches have actually resulted in a positive effect on WASH outcomes? This report seeks to answer this crucial question through systematically analysing and mapping available evidence of the effect of market-based modalities used in the emergency WASH sector.", + "Key Findings": "Prominent findings from the evidence review:\n(a) The use of CVA modalities such as vouchers, or market support modalities such as social marketing for hygiene during emergencies or fragile contexts, can improve indicators of availability for hygiene items, such as vendors’ satisfaction and profit, as well as the quality of the hygiene products accessed by beneficiaries.\n(b) Market support modalities such as ‘supporting private or public water market’ actors during emergency preparedness or response phases can have a positive effect on water availability indicators, resulting in an improved capacity of local water market actors and infrastructure, such as water kiosks or water utilities.\n(c) CVA can have a positive effect on financial access to most WASH goods and services; beneficiaries effectively accessed water, latrine, and hygiene items through cash or voucher during emergencies.\n(d) Supporting market actors such as water utilities or hygiene vendors can improve physical access to WASH by improving availability of water and hygiene items near the beneficiaries, during and after emergencies.\n(e) Certain CVA modalities can have a positive effect on quality indicators for sanitation, such as vouchers or conditional instalments (tranche payments) for latrine construction in recovery phase, and vouchers for latrine desludging services", + "Key Recommendations": "1) Prepare and pilot WASH interventions which include market-based modalities during the three first months of a response to a rapid onset emergency, monitor and evaluate results and produce lessons-learned documents to contribute to the evidence base.\n2) Conduct studies comparing the cost- efficiency of market-based modalities versus direct service delivery during emergencies.\n3) Conduct qualitative and rigorous research on WASH complementary programming to better understand the causal pathways that lead to these observed effects, and establish statistical correlation between modalities and observed effects. A priority would be to measure the added value of combining MPC with other WASH-specific modalities such asWASH-market support, labelled cash/vouchers/in-kind distribution for WASH items or services that are unlikely to be prioritized by beneficiaries or not included in the MEB (such as menstruation hygiene management items or latrine construction material and labour).\n4) Ensure more systematic monitoring of higher-level WASH outcomes (including quality and use) when using WASH market support modalities during emergencies.\n5) Advocate for a more systematic monitoring of higher-level WASH outcomes (quality, use) when using CVA modalities (including for MPC).\nEnsure that interventions that include multisector CVA modalities (including MPC) are appropriately designed to achieve and monitor WASH quality and use outcomes.\n6) Pilot interventions using sanitation market support modalities in humanitarian contexts, with a focus on preparedness and resilience (refer to the report on MBP for sanitation practices for examples, and details on feasibility), monitor and evaluate results and produce lessons-learned documents to contribute to the evidence base.\n7) Pilot interventions using HHWT market support modalities in humanitarian contexts, with a focus on preparedness and resilience (refer to report on MBP for water practices for examples of practices, and details on feasibility), monitor and evaluate results and produce lessons-learned documents to contribute to the evidence base.\n8) Conduct rigorous studies assessing the effect of market-based modalities for WASH (particularly market support) on health outcomes, as well as the causal pathways to achieving these outcomes.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://cash-hub.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2022/02/MBP-for-WASH-Evidence-Mapping.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Food & Beverage", + "Health Care" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "WASH Cluster Water, Sanitation, Hygiene" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Humanitarian Assistance", + "Health" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Local Business" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2011" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "FCS Africa", + "Fragile and Conflict Situations (FCS)" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "2011-FCS-GLO", + "Document Title": "Impacts of COVID-19 on the Private Sector in Fragile and Conflict-Affected Situations", + "Document Summary": "The COVID-19 pandemic is having a significant negative impact on the private sector in developing economies, and businesses and individuals in fragile and conflict-affected situations are among the most severely affected. The pandemic has evolved rapidly from a health emergency to a global economic crisis, spreading through the real sector and posing growing risks to financial systems. Notable sector-level impacts include supply and demand-based shocks to infrastructure and private healthcare; disruptions to imports, exports, and global and local value chains; and declining agribusiness activity that threatens food insecurity, all leading to financial sector instability. This note examines these sector-level impacts and provides recommendations for how the development community can address them. It advocates, among other things, for balancing short-term, sector-level relief and restructuring efforts with planning for a medium-term to long-term recovery, leveraging upstream interventions to “Build Back Better,” and collaborating with governments and development partners. As fragile and conflict-affected situations face further pandemic-related setbacks on top of already substantial hardships, it is critical that the global development community prioritize support to these vulnerable populations. ", + "Key Findings": "It advocates, among other things, for balancing short-term, sector-level relief and restructuring efforts with planning for a medium-term to long-term recovery, leveraging upstream interventions to “Build Back Better,” and collaborating with governments and development partners. As fragile and conflict-affected situations face further pandemic-related setbacks on top of already substantial hardships, it is critical that the global development community prioritize support to these vulnerable populations.", + "Key Recommendations": "The development community’s FCS COVID-19 crisis response and recovery interventions should be guided by appropriate adaptation to COVID-19 circumstances…Balancing short-term relief and restructuring efforts while\npreparing for medium-to-long-term recovery is key…In the health sector, efforts should focus on collaboration with decision makers at the country and global levels who are able to identify firms that can address the need for training healthcare workers to build capacity…In the financial sector, DFIs should collaborate to support local banks.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.ifc.org/wps/wcm/connect/publications_ext_content/ifc_external_publication_site/publications_listing_page/impacts+of+covid-19+on+the+private+sector+in+fragile+and+conflict-affected+situations", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Business Services" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "International Development Association (IDA)" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Advancing Learning and Market Research;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "EM Compass" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "COVID-19", + "Conflict" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Humanitarian Assistance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Impact Evaluation Report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Micro, Small, or Medium Enterprise" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2020" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "David Cooley", + "Kate Hausdorff", + "Judy Geyer", + "Denise Mainville", + "Tulika Narayan" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Nigeria" + ], + "Document ID": "2011-NARAY-NGA", + "Document Title": "AgResults Impact Evaluation Report: Nigeria AflasafeTM Challenge Project FINAL", + "Document Summary": "The AgResults Aflasafe Challenge Project in Nigeria used a Pay-for-Results prize competition, or results-based incentives, to incentivize the private sector to develop the supply base of Aflasafe-treated or aflatoxin-compliant (AT/AC) maize. Conceptually, the project sought to counter the risks of investing in the supply of AT/AC maize by temporarily offsetting the underlying conditions—particularly uncertain demand—with guaranteed financial compensation for successfully taking on the supply-side risks of aggregating and selling more AT/AC maize.\n\nAfter three years of full project operation (2014 through 2016), the evaluation examined findings related to market impact, smallholder impact, and cost effectiveness. It also considered the likelihood that the impact of the project would be sustained. The key evaluation findings are presented in Exhibit ES-1 and further elaborated below. Two years later and at the conclusion of the project’s final year, the evaluation team added an update to this report, which updates the evaluation’s findings on specific research questions regarding market involvement, sustainability, and cost-effectiveness.", + "Key Findings": "-Evaluation Question 1 (private sector involvement and market impact): The evaluation found that compared to the baseline, demand for AT/AC maize expanded among many market players that were reached by AgResults. By the end of project year 3, the supply of AT/AC maize increased, with more than 13,000 farmers producing 39,212 MT of AT/AC maize for sale through 24 competitors that marketed to a variety of multi-national, export, and domestic industry buyers. There was a large number of private sector actors that engaged smallholders by offering diverse incentives including access to markets, financing, and improved inputs.\n\n-Evaluation Questions 2, 3, and 4 (smallholder impacts):\nThe project expected to impact smallholder welfare along three key domains that we measured using three primary indicators: uptake of Aflasafe, net revenue from maize, and consumption of AT/AC maize. The AgResults Challenge Project had a positive and significant impact on all three primary outcomes (see Exhibit ES-6). \n\nThe evaluation found that the project had a positive impact on uptake of Aflasafe. Fifty-seven percent of smallholders in the treatment group applied Aflasafe on at least one plot, compared to only 1 percent in the comparison group. This implies an increase in uptake by 56 percentage points as a result of the project. \n\nThe project resulted in increasing smallholder income from maize. The evaluation found that smallholders in the treatment group earned US$318 (100,170 Naira) more than smallholders in the comparison group when taking into account the value of maize saved for consumption and the smallholders’ costs for all inputs for maize production. This is equivalent to a 16 percent increase as a proportion of their average annual income from maize. Among smallholders who adopted Aflasafe on at least one plot, the impact on net income from maize was US$568 (178,920 Naira). Therefore, we conclude that smallholders benefitted economically from the project.\n\nThe project had a positive and significant impact on consumption of AT/AC maize. The project was expected to increase smallholder farmers’ consumption of AT/AC maize by virtue of own consumption. Based on responses from cooks in the household, we found that smallholder households in the treatment group reported consuming 0.02 kg more Aflasafe- treated maize the previous day than the comparison group. For smallholders who adopted Aflasafe the impact was 0.04 kg. Given that an average person consumed 0.17 kg of maize per day, this implied 13 percent more consumption of AT/AC maize the previous day (see\nExhibit ES-6).\n\n-Evaluation Question 5 (sustainability). The evaluation found that the project created a niche market for AT/AC maize. Both competitors and smallholders benefitted economically from engaging in the market for AT/AC maize by accessing markets such as maize exporters, supermarkets, and the poultry feed markets, which paid a premium over average maize prices. However, this was sometimes a consequence of better quality rather than solely Aflasafe treatment. To the extent that the competitors and smallholders continue to access these premium markets, they expect to engage in the AT/AC maize market.\n\n-Evaluation Question 6 (scale and cost-effectiveness). The project’s business plan hoped that private sector investment in distribution and increase in uptake of Aflasafe by smallholders would lead to 3 percent market penetration of AT/AC maize in all of Nigeria.\n\n1. The supply of AT/AC maize increased, with more than 13,000 farmers producing 39,212 MT of AT/AC maize for sale through 24 competitors that marketed to a variety of multi-national, export, and domestic industry buyers.\n2. Fifty-seven percent of smallholders in the treatment group applied Aflasafe on at least one plot, compared to only 1 percent in the comparison group implying an increase in uptake by 56 percentage points as a result of the project. \n3. smallholder households in the treatment group reported consuming 0.02 kg more Aflasafe-treated maize the previous day than the comparison group \n4. Both competitors and smallholders benefitted economically from engaging in the market for AT/AC maize by accessing markets such as maize exporters, supermarkets, and the poultry feed markets, which paid a premium over average maize prices. \n5. Private sector investment in distribution and increase in uptake of Aflasafe by smallholders would lead to 3 percent market penetration of AT/AC maize in all of Nigeria.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://agresults.org/learning/37-evaluation-final-report-nigeria-aflasafe-challenge-project/file", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Business Services", + "Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, and Hunting" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;", + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Denise Mainville Consulting", + "Abt Associates" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Agriculture and Food Security", + "Health", + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "Impact Evaluation Report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Micro, Small, or Medium Enterprise" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2019" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Debora Ley", + "Sarpong Hammond Antwi" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Regional" + ], + "Document ID": "2012-ANTWI-GLO", + "Document Title": "Renewable energy project implementation in Africa: Ensuring sustainability through community acceptability", + "Document Summary": "This peer-reviewed paper explores how community perspectives influence the success of renewable energy efforts in Africa, highlighting the role of politics, market, and community acceptance. The authors place private sector engagement among community participation and cultural relevance as key to success in renewable energy initiatives. They place private sector engagement in the first stage of community acceptance as the new technologies must be shown to be viable in the market in order to be adopted. The paper provides a way to see private sector actors as key stakeholders and influencers in wider social perceptions.", + "Key Findings": "- There is a sheer urgency to enhance procedures and practices identified within the implementation of renewable energy across local communities in Africa. By ensuring a careful and coordinated approach towards the social dynamics of communities, including a wide variety of stakeholders and partners who will directly or indirectly be affected by a project, will have an impact on renewable energy success. The process will undoubtedly require a fundamental methodology on social acceptance, dependant on trust between project initiators and the community to advance thoughts and mutual respect for one another.\n\n- Our review also indicates the need to increase local and private sector participation in sustainable renewable energy services in Africa. \n\n- There is a need to survey the procedure on how national policies on energy can be converted into community projects through other elective methods to promote the sense of community ownership and sustainability. Perception may also influence the acceptance of renewable energy. With renewable energy technologies being relatively new in the African context, understanding psychological factors that interrelate and influence acceptance can enhance project design and implementation, for example, understanding how a technology works and its impacts, may shape the cost-benefit perception of consumers. ", + "Key Recommendations": "- We recommend amongst the following that, a bottom-up approach that allows local people to be primary actors from project initiation to monitoring and evaluation is a prerequisite that should not be downplayed. By allowing communities to lead a project will bolster not only acceptability but also sustainability and a strong sense of ownership, which is crucial to project implementation success. \n\n- More so, we found out that quality standards, effective communication of policies, and skilled labour force, are prevalent challenges in the energy sector of many African countries. These challenges can be addressed through joint public education and decentralised training programmes for communities, to awaken their consciousness on policy initiatives and efforts by government. \n\n- Policy instruments and incentives like a tax credit, feed-in-tariffs, grants, power subsidies, and payback credits should therefore be encouraged. \n\n- Lastly, the cultural dynamics and reverence for traditional leadership, local traditions and community beliefs should be treated under the lens of respect to ensure that community ownership and acceptance is fully guaranteed. To a possible extent, identified cultural institutions’ or equivalent should be actively involved in project processes to ensure that no tradition, custom or rules are breached but fully integrated into project implementation.\n", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://reader.elsevier.com/reader/sd/pii/S2468227620304166?token=87EC18F57C4E2F964ECC3827723C21EA0B1B6E7DB06B96843E7BC861A4B0F093707A981715F34C4CDACBC4FF40BD2347&originRegion=eu-west-1&originCreation=20220719203721", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Energy" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Advancing Learning and Market Research;", + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Elsevier B.V." + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Environment/Climate Change" + ], + "Type of Document": "Peer-reviewed article or other research report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Local Business" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2020" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Jennifer McConville", + "Suvi Kokko", + "Klara Fischer" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Kenya" + ], + "Document ID": "2012-FISCH-GLO-pr", + "Document Title": "No legitimacy: A study of private sector sanitation development in the Global South", + "Document Summary": "This paper examines a particular example of Private Sector Engagement (PSE) in development in which a company produced a well-received product but was unable to gain or maintain legitimacy with public partners and donors. Rather than focusing on how development organizations might interact with the private sector, this exploration flips the perspective and looks at how the private sector interacts with development actors. The paper provides insight into how the private sector and development actors/donors’ initiatives gain legitimacy and the gaps between their approaches to solutions more generally. Furthermore, the document reveals that the social and political dynamics among both parties are just as important as end-user perceptions’ towards proposed solutions and provides lessons in expectation setting, networking, scale, and scope.\n\nSpecifically, the paper presents the case of the Peepoo bag, a single-use biodegradable toilet bag developed by a Swedish company as a sanitation solution for people in informal settlements. The paper emphasizes that although the initiative prevented the spread of pathogens and diseases compared to regular toilets, it was not equally accepted by citizens who used it and other organizations working towards similar sanitation goals in the country. In this context, the document uses the Peepo bag case to explore social networks, expectation dynamics, and learning processes that should be taken into account when designing and implementing a development initiative.\n", + "Key Findings": "This emphasizes that it is not only the suitability of the technology to the user context per se that is important for its success, but the wider social and political context as well.", + "Key Recommendations": "To integrate niche innovations from the private sector in sanitation regimes, they also need to build social networks with powerful actors in the regime in order to create legitimacy and shared understandings of development. ", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://reader.elsevier.com/reader/sd/pii/S2210422420301337?token=4F0091AEBD972E2C9FEBCF10D05B931FBE6698673634B100A8BCC5C5AF876ACB35A99641C1F6C1DECD867BE42CA3A458&originRegion=us-east-1&originCreation=20220816185109", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Health Care" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Peepoople AB" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships", + "Risk-Mitigation and Flexible Authorities", + "Reputation and Credible Convening Power", + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Elsevier" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Health" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "For-profit Commercial Entity" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2020" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Tulika Narayan", + "Denise Mainville" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Zambia" + ], + "Document ID": "2012-MAINV-ZMB", + "Document Title": "AgResults Evaluation: Zambia Biofortified Maize Challenge Project\nClose-Out Assessment", + "Document Summary": "This document looks at the AgResults Biofortified Maize Challenge Project in Zambia that \"sought to test payment results as a means to catalyze the development of a sustainable, smallholder inclusive market for Pro-Vitamin A maize.\" Cash incentives were offered to people who uses the Pro-vitamin A maize to help push it into the market. The project ended early since no sufficient response was given, so the findings are not complete. The project did find that cash incentives work to promote sustainability in the short term for the smallholder market.", + "Key Findings": "AgResults played a role in the development of a niche market for PVA\nmaize, although with limited development impact as it attracted more commercially oriented smallholder farmers and urban consumers, who were less likely to be nutritionally vulnerable. While AgResults played a clear role in developing this niche market, it is not possible to identify the magnitude of its effect relative to the complementary role played by ‘push’ initiatives that were operating at the same time. HarvestPlus, in particular, played a prominent role in introducing PVA maize to smallholder farmers and shares credit for the development of the market.\n\nOur research suggested that the market would be sustained in the\nshort to medium term, with private sector respondents describing their intent to continue in the market, their specific plans for doing so, and the ready demand for PVA maize. Nonetheless, our research also suggested that under current conditions, the market would continue to operate as a niche market only, i.e., we have not found an indication that the production and consumption of PVA maize will become mainstream. Thus, for this reason and for reasons discussed in our Abt Associates AgResults Close-Out Assessment Report – December 2020 Zambia Biofortified Maize Challenge Project lessons learned, PVA maize is unlikely to reach the most nutritionally vulnerable consumers that the project sought to benefit. Our inquiries showed that the market experienced a short-term disruption due to the challenge project’s early termination. Numerous respondents reported concern that AgResults’ early termination was indicative of waning donor interest in PVA maize. \n\nHowever, there was strong confidence about continued commitment to PVA maize by the Zambian government. Early termination of the challenge project did not appear to undermine support for the concept of a PfR scheme, largely because that concept was misunderstood in the Zambian context.", + "Key Recommendations": "1) The solution to the targeted development problem should have the potential to directly and significantly impact the project’s intended beneficiaries.\n2) Challenge projects are most likely to succeed when the projects’ competitors can adequately alleviate the binding constraints limiting the market’s development.\n3) Competitors should see a long-term business case for the innovation and should have the numbers and capacity to form the foundation of a competitive market.\n4) The theory of change should articulate how the PfR scheme will induce competitors to address the market constraints limiting the development of a sustainable market and reach its potential beneficiaries.\n5) The project should seek to minimise trade-off between market impact and development impact by defining qualifying parameters for PfR awards that are linked as closely as possible to the project’s intended development objective.\n ", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.gov.uk/research-for-development-outputs/evaluation-close-out-assessment-zambia-biofortified-maize-challenge-project", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, and Hunting", + "Business Services" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness", + "Ability to Influence Policy" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Advancing Learning and Market Research;", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "AgResults", + "Abt Associates" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Agriculture and Food Security" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Formal Sector", + "Micro, Small, or Medium Enterprise" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2020" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Corey Michaud" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Costa Rica" + ], + "Document ID": "2012-MICHA-CRI", + "Document Title": "USAID/BHA PREPARE Costa Rica Baseline Report", + "Document Summary": "With funding from the Bureau for Humanitarian Assistance (BHA) of the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), the PREPARE Costa Rica Program aims to strengthen multi-hazard disaster resilience in Costa Rica through improved disaster response coordination, planning, and deployable damage assessment capacity in order to effectively inform policies and post-disaster decision-making. This two-year effort builds upon two previous phases of the PREPARE program in Costa Rica: Preparing Rescue and Emergency Personnel to Ameliorate the Response to Earthquakes (PREPARE) from 2015-18; and Preparing to Lessen the Social and Economic Impacts of Earthquake Disasters (PREPARE II) from 2018-19, both funded by the former Office of Foreign Disaster Assistance (OFDA). \n\nThe purpose of this baseline study is to assess the current conditions related to the interinstitutional coordination and deployable capacity for post-disaster damage assessments in the housing sector. This baseline study was done using primarily qualitative methods including desk study and literature review, five key informant interviews and one focus group discussion. These data collection activities benefited from the participation of representatives from all the key institutions mentioned above. ", + "Key Findings": "Major findings of the baseline are aligned with the needs assessment previously done for development of the program proposal, although additional details were learned during this process. Some priorities that had broad support among stakeholders relate to: (i) the need to standardize preliminary and rapid damage assessment tools; (ii) the need for increased automation, creating a unified and streamlined system for data gathering and data management to support damage assessments; (iii) the need to improve interinstitutional coordination in field operations for post-disaster damage assessments for housing. These three specific needs will be directly addressed by the PREPARE Costa Rica program. The study also identified gaps and needs that most likely will be indirectly addressed with Activity 1 of the program, which intends to develop a Critical Path Analysis of the post-disaster damage assessment system for housing in Costa Rica.", + "Key Recommendations": "The PREPARE Costa Rica program will address specific gaps and needs of the damage assessment system for housing identified in this baseline study. Other issues identified in this report, like the need for formal processes and protocols to recruit volunteers for post-disaster damage assessments, are out of the scope of this program. However, it is expected that the development of a Critical Path Analysis (Activity 1) will analyze this and other gaps in more detail, as an input for the development of a comprehensive roadmap for a post-disaster damage assessment system for housing in Costa Rica.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00XJWD.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Other" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Miyamoto International" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Efficiency and Effectiveness", + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships", + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Advancing Learning and Market Research;", + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Humanitarian Assistance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Formal Sector", + "Regional Business" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Latin America and the Carribean" + ], + "Year": "2020" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Corey Michaud" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Mexico" + ], + "Document ID": "2012-MICHA-MEX", + "Document Title": "USAID/BHA PREPARE Mexico Baseline Report", + "Document Summary": "The PREPARE Mexico program, funded by the Bureau for Humanitarian Assistance (BHA) of the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), aims to strengthen and institutionalize the risk management and response capacity of public disaster authorities and private-sector partners in earthquake-prone and highly vulnerable urban settings in Mexico. This two-year program builds on a previous phase of the PREPARE Program in Mexico City and Zapopan, Mexico – Preparing to Lessen the Social and Economic Impacts of Earthquake Disasters (PREPARE II) – from 2018-20, funded by the former Office of Foreign Disaster Assistance (OFDA). PREPARE programming began in Mexico after the 2017 earthquake, which exposed major gaps and weaknesses in national, state, and municipal disaster risk management and response systems. This experience also heightened awareness and political will to strengthen capacity to mitigate loss of life and the devastating social and economic impacts of seismic disasters.\n\nThe purpose of this baseline study is to assess the current conditions in the program locations including capacity of institutions and individuals charged with overseeing earthquake preparedness and response, identifying weaknesses, gaps, and strengths that will help inform program strategies and guide monitoring of changes linked to the program and its activities. The study was carried out using a mixed-methods approach, including document review and primary data collection. This report includes the observations, comments, and additional information obtained from surveys, key informant interviews (KII), and focus group discussions (FGD) conducted in November\nand December of 2020 in Mexico City and Zapopan.", + "Key Findings": "Based on analysis of these findings, the program’s planned intervention presented in the Technical Proposal remains relevant and appropriate in the current situation. Objectives and key activities planned for Mexico City and Zapopan are widely accepted by key stakeholders from both public and private arenas.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00XK52.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Other" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Miyamoto International" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Efficiency and Effectiveness", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments", + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Humanitarian Assistance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Formal Sector", + "Local Business" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Latin America and the Carribean" + ], + "Year": "2020" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Judith Monroe, MD", + "Eva Lathrop, MD, MPH", + "Darielys Cordero, DrPHc, MPH", + "Linette Sanchez, JD", + "Alicia Suarez, MA", + "Claritsa Malave, MD", + "Nabal Bracero, MD", + "Turquoise Sidibe, MPH", + "Reema Bhakta, MPA", + "Laura Croft, BAA", + "Zipatly V. Mendoza, MPH", + "Lisa Romero, DrPH, MPH" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "United States" + ], + "Document ID": "2012-ROMER-PRI", + "Document Title": "The Role of Public–Private Partnerships to Increase Access to Contraception in an Emergency Response Setting: The Zika Contraception Access Network Program", + "Document Summary": "The Zika Contraception Access Network (Z-CAN) program was a short-term emergency response intervention that used contraception to prevent unintended pregnancies to reduce Zika-related adverse birth outcomes during the 2016–2017 Zika virus outbreak in Puerto Rico. The Centers for\nDisease Control and Prevention (CDC) reported that a collaborative and coordinated response was needed from governments and private-sector partners to improve access to contraception during the Zika outbreak in Puerto Rico. In response, the National Foundation for the CDC, with technical assistance from CDC, established the Z-CAN program, a network of 153-trained physicians, that provided client-centered contraceptive counseling and same-day access to the full range of the Food and Drug Administration-approved reversible contraceptive methods at no cost for women who chose to prevent pregnancy. From May 2016 to September 2017, 29,221 women\nreceived Z-CAN services. Through Z-CAN, public–private partnerships provided a broad range of opportunities for partners to come together to leverage technical expertise, experience, and resources to remove barriers to access contraception that neither the public nor the private sector could address alone.", + "Key Findings": "The use of public–private partnerships was important to provide expertise, context, speed, support, and awareness for the Z-CAN program’s rapid development, implementation, and sustainability efforts. Strategies and lessons learned from the Z-CAN program’s public–private partnerships can serve as a model to other settings for which access to contraception could improve health outcomes.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33196331/", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Health Care" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Efficiency and Effectiveness", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge", + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;", + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "J Womens Health (Larchmt)" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Humanitarian Assistance", + "Health" + ], + "Type of Document": "Peer-reviewed article or other research report", + "USAID Region": [ + "Latin America and the Carribean" + ], + "Year": "2020" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Ganyapak Thanesnant", + "Mick Mullay", + "Dr. Lyubov Palyvoda" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Belarus" + ], + "Document ID": "2012-USAID-BLR", + "Document Title": "Belarus 13 Performance Evaluation", + "Document Summary": "This performance evaluation looks at the effectiveness of the Increasing Private Sector Competitiveness through Improving the Enabling Environment, Improving Management and Operational Capacity, and Increasing Access to Finance project in Belarus. The evaluation looks at the project's ongoing activities that are centered on contributing to private sector development in Belarus, and outlines actionable recommendations to USAID/Belarus about necessary adjustments and future programming needs and approaches. The evaluation highlights the strength of the projects in creating a supportive ecosystem for aspiring entrepreneurs, start-ups, SMEs, and local investors to become competitive and grow.", + "Key Findings": "Based on the evaluation, the three project activities evaluated were\nproperly designed, relevant, and delivered assistance aligned with\nbeneficiaries’ needs. Current modes of implementation used by\nAID-VENTURE, DRIVES, and CSISS have been efficient in achieving\nproject goals and creating a supportive ecosystem for aspiring\nentrepreneurs, start-ups, SMEs, and local investors. Each of the I3\nactivities successfully contributed to strengthening various aspects\nof the economic ecosystem needed for SMEs and start-ups to launch,\ngrow, increase employment, and become competitive. More\ndetailed findings are outlined below and discussed throughout this\nreport. \n\nAID-VENTURE KEY FINDINGS:\n- Contributed to the improvement of legislative and regulatory frameworks conducive to angel investment and venture funding.\n- Launched productive policy dialogue with national authorities by\nincreasing their attention and interest in venture funding.\n- Assisted in building the local community of private venture investors and strengthening their capacity—resulting in improved relationships between local start-ups and investors.\n- Created communities of local investors by establishing and institutionalizing the Belarus Business Angel Association (BBAN).\n- Provided access for local investors to quality training, international experts and expertise, networking opportunities, study trips, and partnership opportunities with foreign investors.\n- Advanced start-ups’ capacity to attract and work with local and foreign investors through matching events, such as forums, venture days, and promotion of Global Entrepreneurship Week. Facilitated cooperation between start-ups and investors, provided mentorship, and guided investments.\n\nDRIVES KEY FINDINGS:\n- Provided systematic, needs-based, access to practical knowledge and\nskills necessary to start and grow a business, including at the regional\nlevel.\n- Five regional Centers of Excellence in Entrepreneurship (CEEs) were\nestablished to provide access to entrepreneurship support services and\nbusiness education.\n- Raised recognition of the value of business education in regions outside of Minsk, while increasing access to high quality instructors and business experts simultaneously.\n- Improved understanding of the local context and regional differences\nimportant for marketing and delivering of business courses. \n\nCSISS KEY FINDINGS:\n- Improved overall public image of, attitudes toward, and awareness of the benefits of being an entrepreneur.\n- Increased entrepreneurial activity in regions by transferring expertise of Society of Innovative Business Support (SIBS) in start-up and SME support to local partners.\n- Supported new businesses by validating ideas and assisting in developing business projects.\n- Built entrepreneurship and leadership skills through informal education of high school students.\n- Created a network of local organizers of start-up support activities.\n- Supported complementary local initiatives and women’s entrepreneur\nclubs in regions.\n- Made well-developed and practical business trainings and materials (i.e., how-to guidelines to conduct start up school and expert days in Russian) accessible to a broader audience.", + "Key Recommendations": "- Increase focus on regional-level programs.\n- Increase the number of start-ups and SMEs to enhance competition, especially at the regional level.\n- Increase Access to finance.\n- Attract more attention to support to women entrepreneurs.\n- Improve communication and outreach to entrepreneurs, especially youth, in regions.\n- Improve communication with state and regional authorities.\n- Strengthen the organizational capacity of I3 local implementing partners.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00X935.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Business Services", + "Educational Services", + "Financial Services", + "Technology" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Zubr Capital Private Equity Fund", + "Belarus Business Angel Association (BBAN)" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Ability to Influence Policy", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships", + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge", + "Reputation and Credible Convening Power", + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;", + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Integra Government Services International LLC" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "COVID-19", + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Economic Growth", + "Education and Social Services" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Micro, Small, or Medium Enterprise", + "Informal Sector", + "Business Association or Cooperative", + "Local Business", + "Financial Institution, Investors, and Intermediaries" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Europe and Eurasia" + ], + "Year": "2020" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Sean Callahan", + "Bettina Brunner", + "Marianne El-Khoury" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Nigeria", + "Senegal", + "Tanzania" + ], + "Document ID": "2012-USAID-MLT", + "Document Title": "Accelerating Private Sector Engagement: A series on private sector approaches in family planning", + "Document Summary": "This brief details the approaches and experiences in public-private engagement engagments from SHOPS Plus work in Nigeria, Senegal, and Tanzania. It also provides lessons learned and practical tips for donors who want to support future efforts in public-private engagement in health. This brief focuses on four components of effective public-private engagement: ensuring availability and use of quality information on the private health sector; strengthening the private health sector to have a strong, unified voice; building the capacity of the government to effectively steward the private health sector; and facilitating the design and implementation of public-private partnership agreements. ", + "Key Findings": "- Knowing private providers’ service offerings, specialties, and locations is essential for effective public-private engagement. This information helps stakeholders build systems that routinely engage all health system entities.\n- The participation of a wide range of stakeholders throughout the data-generating process is instrumental in getting support across the board. It also eases the transition of databases to local ownership and increases the likelihood that the data is used.\n- Efforts to organize and strengthen the voice of the private sector need to go beyond the sector itself. If public stewards and regulators are engaged early on to help identify problems and solutions, they will be more likely to support the organizing effort and view the private sector organization as a legitimate partner for engagement. Private providers may see more value in participating in the organizing effort if the government is involved. \n- By narrowing the focus on a specific problem, opportunity, or geographic area, organizing efforts can dedicate sufficient time and resources to ensure the initial efforts are successful, thereby creating momentum for broader engagement down the line. Once success is proven, organizing efforts can more effectively expand the geographic scale of membership and the technical scope of activities.\n- Building the capacity of the public sector to engage with the private sector requires more than just training stakeholders. Pairing trainings with user-friendly tools, processes, and systems can reduce barriers within the public sector and motivate public stewards to use their new skills.\n- Embedding long-term advisors within key public sector agencies can help promote public sector staff to take up new tools, troubleshoot questions, and better understand opportunities, leading to more successfully operationalized partnerships.\n- Long-term, sustained successful engagement requires going beyond ad hoc, opportunity-driven partnership efforts. It needs a systematic, evidence-based approach that can help stakeholders comprehensively evaluate opportunities with the greatest potential for success. \n- A systematic consensus-building strategy is important to build trust in the partnership and convince stakeholders of the benefits of the engagement. Starting off with individual meetings with stakeholders before bringing everyone together can ensure all voices are heard and help smooth the road to implementation. \n- Recognizing and articulating the value of the engagement to private providers is essential for sustaining the engagement effort. Community recognition and public health contribution can be strong motivating factors for private providers.\n- User-friendly tools and processes encourage continued participation of busy private providers and are important for sustaining the engagement effort.", + "Key Recommendations": "- Support the generation of high-quality reliable data to help the government understand the scope and scale of the private health sector.\n- Facilitate an inclusive and participatory dialogue, especially where collaboration has been absent.\n- Equip the public sector with the necessary skills and understanding of why and how to engage with the private health sector.\n- Consider phased approaches to achieve quick results and generate momentum.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://shopsplusproject.org/sites/default/files/resources/Public-Private%20Engagement_q.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Pharmaceuticals", + "Health Care" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Ability to Influence Policy", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships", + "Reputation and Credible Convening Power" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;", + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID", + "Abt Associates" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Health" + ], + "Type of Document": "Landscape Analysis", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Local Business", + "Business Association or Cooperative", + "Formal Sector" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2020" + }, + { + "Country(ies)": [ + "Colombia", + "Paraguay" + ], + "Document ID": "2012-usaid-mlt", + "Document Title": "Lessons Engaging the Private Sector in Sustainable Cattle Practices in Latin America", + "Document Summary": "This brief details the approaches and experiences in public-private engagement engagments from SHOPS Plus work in Nigeria, Senegal, and Tanzania. It also provides lessons learned and practical tips for donors who want to support future efforts in public-private engagement in health. This brief focuses on four components of effective public-private engagement: ensuring availability and use of quality information on the private health sector; strengthening the private health sector to have a strong, unified voice; building the capacity of the government to effectively steward the private health sector; and facilitating the design and implementation of public-private partnership agreements. ", + "Key Findings": "1) USAID’s role is to act as a promoter or as a convenor, but not as a\nprotagonist. The deliberate centering of local leadership helps sustain work after USAID leaves.\n2) Building and maintaining trust requires taking the time to agree upon shared language and circling back periodically to revisit the language, adjust as needed, and recommit.\n3) Gaining scale requires demonstrating the effectiveness of the model in\nmultiple ways and using a deliberate communication strategy to reach multiple audiences.\n4) Building connections and a shared understanding of sustainable practices across the value chain is key, as ultimately, sustainable production practices depend upon reliable consumers. However, the public sector has a key role to play by creating an enabling policy environment and supporting data collection to build a credible evidence base.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://biodiversitylinks.org/learning-evidence/lac-pse/events/lessons-from-engaging-the-private-sector-in-sustainable-cattle-practices-webinar-recording", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, and Hunting", + "Business Services", + "Food & Beverage" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities", + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Reputation and Credible Convening Power", + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "COVID-19" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Agriculture and Food Security", + "Environment/Climate Change" + ], + "Type of Document": "Impact Evaluation Report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Local Business" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Latin America and the Carribean" + ], + "Year": "2020" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Alenka Temeljotov-Salaj", + "Carmel Margaret Lindkvist", + "Yan Xue" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Norway" + ], + "Document ID": "2012-XUE-NOR", + "Document Title": "Barriers and potential solutions to the diffusion of solar photovoltaics from the public-private-people partnership perspective", + "Document Summary": "This case study looks at Norway to see different barriers and solutions of the diffusion of solar photovoltaics pertaining to public-private-people partnership. The study analyzes solar development, policies, and models in different countries, and proposes a potential model and solutions to overcome barriers. It looks at the main problems of photovoltaics for residential buildings from the public sector, private sector, and the people’s perspectives in Norway. The three solutions proposed are designing a co-investment solution, providing information sharing platform, and creating new incentives.", + "Key Findings": "Hence, this paper aims to investigate the main barriers to diffusing photovoltaics for residential buildings from the public sector, private sector, and the people’s perspectives in Norway. Furthermore, it analyzes solar development, policies, and models in different countries, and proposes a potential model and solutions to overcome barriers. The results show that the high initial costs of photovoltaics and limited information and awareness of the possible benefits are the main barriers for the people. For the private sector, limited funding and few pilot projects to learn from, as well as risk uncertainty are the main barriers. The main concern in the public sector is the low application of existing incentives. Public-private-people partnerships (PPPP) have a big potential to overcome these barriers by dividing the high initial costs into more affordable sums, facilitating the information flow among different sectors, and involving all three sectors to create new incentives. In addition, Norway is well-suited for PPPP, as the citizens pay much attention to sustainable development, and there is already a close collaboration between the public and private sectors in the energy sector. Finally, three concrete solutions using PPPP are proposed: design a co-investment solution, provide information sharing platforms, and create new incentives.", + "Key Recommendations": "There are currently limited existing resources on solar PV projects, barriers for the diffusion of solar PV, as well as analyses of partnerships for diffusing solar PV in Norway, which may lead to a biased result. Furthermore, while the application of PPPP has been proven to have the potential to make use of more resources, achieve good information sharing and solve the high initial cost problems, there are few real case studies, and its efficiency needs to be further verified.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1364032120309205", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Energy" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Ability to Influence Policy" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge", + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Advancing Learning and Market Research;", + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Elsevier" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Humanitarian Assistance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Financial Institution, Investors, and Intermediaries", + "Micro, Small, or Medium Enterprise", + "Large Enterprise" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Europe and Eurasia" + ], + "Year": "2021" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Folasade Ogunsola", + "Jide Idris", + "Ololade Wright", + "Akin Osibogun", + "Babatunde Saka", + "Sunday Omilabu", + "Abimbola Bowale", + "Ismail Abdus-Salam", + "Abiodun Alabi", + "Moses Bakare", + "Abosede Olusanya", + "Adesoji Ologun", + "Funke Amodu", + "Madonna Emmanuel", + "Akinsanya Folarin", + "Chioma Ejekam", + "Lanre Aladetuyi", + "Oluwakemi Odukoya", + "Morakinyo Senjobi", + "John Olawepo", + "Bamidele Mutiu", + "Aduragbemi Banke-Thomas", + "Munir Bankole", + "Mobolanle R. Balogun", + "Akin Abayomi" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Nigeria" + ], + "Document ID": "2100-ABAYO-NGA", + "Document Title": "From Ebola to COVID-19: Emergency preparedness and response plans and actions in Lagos, Nigeria ", + "Document Summary": "Lagos state is the industrial nerve centre of Nigeria and was the epicentre of the 2014 Ebola outbreak in Nigeria as it is now for the current Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) outbreak. This paper describes how the lessons learned from the Ebola outbreak in 2014 informed the emergency preparedness of the State ahead of the COVID-19 outbreak and guided response", + "Key Findings": "Following the Ebola outbreak in 2014, the Lagos State government provided governance by developing a policy on emergency preparedness and biosecurity and provided oversight and coordination of emergency preparedness strategies. Capacities for emergency response were strengthened by training key staff, developing a robust surveillance system, and setting up a Biosafety Level 3 laboratory and biobank. Resource provision, in terms of finances and trained personnel for emergencies was prioritized by the government. With the onset of COVID-19, Lagos state was able to respond promptly to the outbreak using the centralized Incident Command Structure and the key activities of the Emergency Operations Centre. Contributory to effective response were partnerships with the private sectors, community engagement and political commitment", + "Key Recommendations": "Using the lessons learned from the 2014 Ebola outbreak, Lagos State had gradually prepared its healthcare system for a pandemic such as COVID-19. The State needs to continue to expand its preparedness to be more resilient and future proof to respond to disease outbreaks. Looking beyond intra-state gains, lessons and identified best practices from the past and present should be shared with other states and countries.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://globalizationandhealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12992-021-00728-x", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Other", + "Health Care" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Globalization and Health" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "COVID-19" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Humanitarian Assistance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "For-profit Commercial Entity" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2021" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Development Initiatives" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global", + "Jordan" + ], + "Document ID": "2100-DI-GLO", + "Document Title": "Global Humanitarian Assistance Report 2021", + "Document Summary": "The Global Humanitarian Assistance Report 2021 looks at an exceptional year. In 2020, the Covid-19 pandemic gripped the world, compounding existing needs and fuelling new crises. Millions more people became in need of humanitarian assistance, and the number of UN humanitarian appeals rose by more than half (from 36 in 2019 to 55 in 2020). Yet, international humanitarian assistance has flatlined for a second consecutive year.\n\nNeeds emanating from the impacts of Covid-19 are diverting resources away from other needs, although both are woefully underfunded – far too many people are going without vital support. How the financing response has played out exposes the weaknesses in the current system and its ability to meet people’s needs, as well as highlighting the key role of non-humanitarian actors in crisis contexts to ensure an effective response and recovery. This report sheds light on the current crisis financing landscape, what progress has been made, and where attention must be focused if we are to realise the aim of building back better.", + "Key Findings": "Contributions of international humanitarian assistance from private donors grew by 9% to US$6.8 billion in 2019, driven by an increase in funding from private individuals. The pandemic has reinforced the need for a broad crisis-financing base, and the role of private donors is expected to grow and evolve, including person-to-person giving and support from corporate philanthropic trusts and foundations. \n\nPrivate corporations and their philanthropic trusts and foundations accounted for 14% (US$4.1 billion) of total international humanitarian assistance provided by private donors between 2015 and 2019. Historically, private trusts and corporations have focused the majority of their funding on natural disaster preparedness and response, with less engagement in protracted crisis and conflict contexts. However, as alternative sources of finance are sought to close the humanitarian financing gap, the role of international corporations in all settings is anticipated to grow. Private actors are also expected to continue moving beyond a donor mentality toward a ‘corporate partnership’ approach, encompassing a wide range of activities, from sharing technical expertise to providing logistical support in crisis settings.\n\nUnfortunately, FTS data provides limited and inconsistent insights into the behaviour of private trusts and corporations. Large gaps in donor reporting year-to-year limit the reliability of the data, and comprehensive information on aid flows from private trusts and corporation aid is not available", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://devinit.org/resources/global-humanitarian-assistance-report-2021/", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Processing & Manufacturing", + "Retail" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "IKEA Foundation" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Flexibility and Pace", + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;", + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "COVID-19" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Humanitarian Assistance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Landscape Analysis", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Corporate Foundation" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2021" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Fenton, G.", + "Perchas, H.", + "Gray, I." + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "2100-GRAY-GLO", + "Document Title": "Humanitarian procurement: Challenges and opportunities in the adoption of WASH product operations", + "Document Summary": "With nearly a decade of support for WASH innovation in the sector, Elrha’s Humanitarian Innovation Fund (HIF) has seen many of the promising innovations it funds struggle to achieve widespread adoption in the WASH sector. To understand this better, Elrha commissioned this report in order to:\n\n• Provide guidance for innovators seeking to have their innovations adopted within the humanitarian sector.\n• Identify challenges in the current system for procuring and adopting innovations.\n• Provide recommendations for ways of addressing these challenges.\n\nThis paper focuses on the demand side for product innovations and the connection between supply and demand, namely procurement. It is based on a review of humanitarian agencies’ catalogues, databases and process documents, supplemented by 31 interviews with humanitarian WASH practitioners, innovators, third party suppliers and manufacturers. ", + "Key Findings": "On the demand side, the research identified a number of challenges: Specifications being too tight, reducing the scope for innovative products to be considered. Also, specifications for the same products differing between agencies; creating ‘markets of one’. Performance requirements for WASH products determined by the need to have a reliable solution, and to have it quickly and at volume in an emergency response. These requirements can often be beyond the capabilities of innovation teams at the start of their scaling journey. Funding of innovations focused almost exclusively on the ‘supply’ of innovation, with insufficient attention paid to how to stimulate the demand. Significant difficulties for innovations to move beyond ‘innovator’ users to early adopters in the humanitarian sector. Disincentives for adoption outweigh incentives to adopt. Unclear evidentiary requirements for innovators, with humanitarian agencies continually seeking more evidence before they are willing to use an innovation. \n\nConnecting supply and demand in the sector also has some significant challenges. Most notably: Procurement processes are often opaque, overly bureaucratic and risk averse. Partnerships that are formed to create innovations are suddenly thrust into competitive procurement processes after the product has been piloted. This can disincentivize innovation. Clockspeed; the speed at which sector-wide and organisational processes happen has significant impact on when, where and how procurement is carried out. This leads to sector-specific idiosyncrasies that need to be factored into the thinking around innovation adoption.", + "Key Recommendations": "This paper puts forward three recommendation areas in which systemic improvements could be made to enable WASH to cross this chasm. These are:\n1. Stimulate early adoption\n2. Harmonise and Aggregate Demand\n3. Create Longitudinal Demand", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.elrha.org/researchdatabase/humanitarian-procurement-challenges-and-opportunities-in-the-adoption-of-wash-product-innovations/", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Health Care" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Advancing Learning and Market Research;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Elrha" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Humanitarian Assistance" + ], + "Type of Document": "White Paper/Think Tank Report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Formal Sector" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2021" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Gretchen Sneegas", + "Amanda Fencl", + "Kyungsun Lee", + "Robert A. Greer" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Israel", + "United States", + "Australia" + ], + "Document ID": "2100-GREER-GLO-pr", + "Document Title": "Public–Private Partnerships in the Water Sector: The Case of Desalination", + "Document Summary": "In the face of global water insecurity, Public-private partnerships (PPPs) are increasingly being formed to create large-scale water infrastructure projects, including in the water desalination industry. The process of desalinating water requires advanced technical expertise and large capital investment. Consequently, during the last few years, many public entities and governments have decided to partner with private organizations to successfully finance and implement water desalination projects. This paper discusses the global trends of public-private partnerships in the desalination industry. Concretely, it explains the characteristics of PPPs in the water sector, the models they follow, and how costs, roles, and risks are distributed among private and public partners. \n\nFurthermore, the report presents data from desalination facilities in Israel, Australia, and the United States collected through interviews and document reviews to illustrate the role that regional differences play in the creation of public-private partnerships and explain the potential benefits and downsides that may result from these alliances. The report acknowledges it is a starting point to understanding trends in the implementation of PPPs in the water industry and highlights the need for conducting additional research in different contexts to understand the different factors that may influence the use of PPPs in this and other sectors. ", + "Key Findings": "Results demonstrate an increase in PPP use in the water sector over time along with significant regional variation. We also find that the public sector partners often rely on private sector partners in the design, build, and operation stages of the project regardless of the amount of public financing", + "Key Recommendations": "1. More research is needed to understand the appropriate scale of project size for PPPs, to examine cases where PPPs have been successful and those that have not, and to understand regional contexts in decision making.\n\n2. Additional cases and contexts are needed to understand how governance contexts, power structures, and public opinion may factor into the use of PPPs in the water sector and beyond.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11269-021-02900-9", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Engineering & Construction", + "Other", + "Financial Services" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Burns & Roe Worley", + "Degrémont [Suez]", + "Multiplex", + "Orion Water Partners LLC", + "Stonepeak Infrastructure Partners", + "Poseidon Resources Corporation" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities", + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Reputation and Credible Convening Power", + "Risk-Mitigation and Flexible Authorities" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;", + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Water Resources Management" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Agriculture and Food Security" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "For-profit Commercial Entity", + "Financial Institution, Investors, and Intermediaries", + "Large Enterprise", + "Local Business", + "Multi-national Business" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2021" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "IOMUN" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "2100-IOMUN-GLO", + "Document Title": "Health, Border and Mobility Management Framework: A Framework to Empower Governments and Communities to Prevent, Detect and Respond to Public Health Threats along the Mobility Continuum", + "Document Summary": "This report outlines an IOM framework focusing on handling communicable diseases among migrants and mobile populations. Each of the five major sections is dedicated to a different strategic objective and explains the methodologies, success, and challenges of IOM's programming in that area. Private sector engagement is a small part of the overall framework which emphasizes holistic and data-based approaches. ", + "Key Findings": "The overarching aims of the HBMM Framework are as follows:\n\n1) To support governments and communities to address\nthe mobility dimensions of public health threats; and\n2) To ensure that affected and at-risk populations benefit from appropriate and timely support.\n\nThese efforts are central to safeguarding global health security and strengthening mobility-sensitive health systems that deliver person-centred universal health coverage, including for migrants.", + "Key Recommendations": "HBMM is a public health framework that should be primarily applied and used by IOM to support governments and communities in the context of\noutbreak-prone communicable diseases including, but not limited to, those that result in a PHEIC declaration under the IHR. These can include, for example, yellow fever, cholera, plague, EVD, COVID-19 and other similar public health threats. Certain activities of the HBMM Framework, such as those that aim to improve the understanding of population mobility patterns in relation to disease spread, may also be applied in other contexts of communicable disease transmission across borders, such as in the case of elimination efforts for malaria, polio and measles, where population mobility may result in the reintroduction of previously eliminated diseases in host communities. In all contexts, the HBMM Framework emphasizes equity and inclusiveness for migrants along the entire mobility continuum – that is, through origin, transit, destination and return. In other words, it is not only\nfocused on communicable disease threats at physical or regulated borders or points of entry (including airports, ports and ground crossings) or entities welcoming migrants for admission and stay-related procedures (including external providers, embassies and consulates). HBMM also includes locations where informal cross-border movements take place, travel routes and spaces of vulnerability where the risk of disease transmission may be high, and public health. Spaces of vulnerability are geographical areas and locations where migrants and mobile populations interact with stationary, local communities, such as where these populations live, work, transit and originate. These locations represent an environment that is conducive to increased health vulnerabilities, such as outbreaks. Examples of spaces of vulnerability include PoEs, mobility corridors, points of congregation or population gathering sites, key hubs including urban spaces, towns and villages and displacement camps and camp-like settings. An analysis of human behaviour and mobility in the setting informs how the HBMM Framework is applied on the ground. interventions would be necessary.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://migrationhealthresearch.iom.int/health-border-and-mobility-management-framework-framework-empower-governments-and-communities", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Health Care", + "Transportation and Warehousing" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Nexleaf" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "IOMUN" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "COVID-19", + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Health" + ], + "Type of Document": "Industry Publication", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Micro, Small, or Medium Enterprise" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2021" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Nimesha Sahani Jayasena", + "K. G. A. S. Waidyasekara", + "Sanduni Peiris", + "Harshini Mallawaarachchi" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Sri Lanka" + ], + "Document ID": "2100-JAYAS-LKA-pr", + "Document Title": "Ensuring Stakeholders in Smart City Projects: Case Study in Sri Lanka", + "Document Summary": "Increasing concern for the environment and awareness of the importance of sustainability has awakened global interest in exploring ways to achieve sustainable urban development. Published by the American Society of Civil Engineers, this case study explores smart cities’ potential to solve the challenges caused by rapid urbanization in modern cities and foster sustainability. In particular, the document recognizes that establishing smart cities is a challenging process that requires the involvement of different stakeholders across society. By implementing a mixed research approach that involved a literature review of the different definitions and models of smart cities and a case study of a particular smart city in Sri Lanka’s central business district, the authors identify and present ten types of stakeholders that participate in the city’s transformation process and the factors that promote their engagement. The government, media, citizens, and nonprofit organizations are among the groups of society that the research identified as stakeholders. By articulating the motivations of these stakeholders, ‘Ensuring Engagement of Stakeholders in Smart City Projects: Case Study in Sri Lanka’ provides insights that could be utilized to ensure collaborative efforts from the different stakeholders to overcome the challenges when developing smart cities elsewhere", + "Key Findings": "Due to the challenges linked to rapid urbanization, the world is interested in establishing smart cities. Although there is an increasing requirement to initiate smart cities, these projects entail challenges, which must be overcome for the success of the project. To overcome these challenges, stakeholder management was identified as the ideal solution. Enabling stakeholder engagement was recognized as key to project success during stakeholder management. From the literature survey, 13 stakeholders in smart city projects were identified. In addition, a desktop and a case study were conducted in Sri Lanka to identify the stakeholders and factors that ensured stakeholder engagement. Compared with the analysis of the results from of literature review and the desktop study, 10 stakeholders and their contributions to smart city projects were determined. The identified stakeholders from the desktop study and the literature review were then validated by conducting a case study in Sri Lanka. Based on the case analysis, the identified stakeholders were categorized as internal and external stakeholders based on the characteristics of the stakeholders. Government, LRABs, financial suppliers or investors, utility suppliers, and developers were categorized as internal stakeholders in smart city projects and citizens, ARIs, the media, opposition political parties, and nongovernmental organizations were identified as external stakeholders in smart city projects. From the case analysis, factors that ensured the engagement of each identified stakeholder were recognized. Therefore, the key findings of this study could be utilized to facilitate a basis to investigate the current level of engagement of stakeholders, assist decision makers in stakeholder management, and formulate the strategies the ensure the effective engagement of stakeholders in smart city development projects in Sri Lanka and similar countries globally. Overall, the findings of this study could contribute to enriching knowledge for the effective engagement of stakeholders in smart city projects, which could ensure the efficient and effective development of smart cities globally", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.researchgate.net/publication/354209241_Ensuring_Engagement_of_Stakeholders_in_Smart_City_Projects_Case_Study_in_Sri_Lanka", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Financial Services" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Ability to Influence Policy", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;", + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "ASCE" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Financial Institution, Investors, and Intermediaries", + "Local Business", + "Regional Business" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Asia" + ], + "Year": "2021" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Maria Kontro" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "2100-KONTR-GLO", + "Document Title": "Gender, Disaster Management and the Private Sector\nMapping and analysis of existing resources and previous interventions", + "Document Summary": "This document presents the importance of gender in the private sector and disaster management and the connections between them. Developed in two months as a starting point to a new thematic area for the Connecting Business initiative (CBi), this document maps and analyses the existing resources and previous interventions available on the theme and presents a number of case studies. It also includes a special chapter discussing the consequences of COVID-19.", + "Key Findings": "1. Gender influences private sector disaster management in significant ways and offers win-win situations as its integration is good for business, advances human rights and improves the results of disaster management.\n2. The topic is new and needs further development and coordination among various actors.\n3. Given the importance and the urgency of gender in the ongoing COVID-19 situation, the time to act is now.", + "Key Recommendations": "The key considerations for the private sector are to:\n1. Ensure the collection of disaggregated data and gender analysis as part of the business market analysis, including liaising with local women organizations to understand all needs.\n2. Leverage the gendered analysis to target humanitarian support in the best possible way, and use empowering practices for women, women workers, women-owned businesses and the informal sector; and to always conduct these actions according to the humanitarian principles including “do no harm”.\n3. Take part in capacity-strengthening initiatives on gender, as well as applying the related tools and the business case (the latter as soon to be provided by the CBi Secretariat) in practice. Liaise with the CBi Secretariat, in the case of CBi MNs, to express their interest to develop pilots and receive technical support on gender in private sector disaster management.\n4. In the response and recovery to COVID-19, seek to address gender and consider the pandemic as a window of opportunity to change gender norms that may be harmful for people and businesses.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.undp.org/publications/gender-disaster-management-and-private-sector", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Business Services", + "Other" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Philippine Disaster Resilience Foundation", + "Asia Pacific Alliance for Disaster Management Sri Lanka (A-PAD SL)", + "Mindanao State University", + "Vanuatu Business Resilience Committee (VBRC)" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments", + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "UNDP", + "Connecting Business Initiative", + "UNOCHA" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "COVID-19" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Humanitarian Assistance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Micro, Small, or Medium Enterprise" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2021" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Monica Ramos", + "Cecilie Hestbæk", + "John Allen", + "Andy Bastable", + "Paul Hutchings", + "Tula Ngasala", + "Travis Yates", + "Daniele Lantagne" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "2100-LANTA-GLO", + "Document Title": "Gaps in WASH in Humanitarian Response:\n2021 Update", + "Document Summary": "Humanitarian emergencies, including natural hazard-driven disasters, conflicts, and disease outbreaks, are occurring at increasing rates and affecting a growing number of people worldwide. With many more people at risk, evidence-based strategies - including in water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) - are needed to provide the most effective interventions supporting the wellbeing, safety and dignity of people affected by crises, and to prevent and control communicable diseases. A previous gap analysis (from 2013), identified spaces for innovation in emergency WASH, and has been used for the past eight years to identify funding priorities. In 2020, data collection began to update that gap analysis with a goal to have a wider evidence base, and to strengthen and improve accountability to affected populations. [The authors] now present the updated work: Gaps in WASH in Humanitarian Response - 2021 Update (‘the 2021 Gap Analysis’). ", + "Key Findings": "In conclusion, we found that people affected by crises want the what (services), responders want the how (to provide better services), and researchers want to provide the why (a health impact framework supporting WASH). (17)\n\nOverall, people affected by crises primarily wanted services: water, sanitation, solid waste disposal, and hygiene items. Global survey respondents primarily wanted better mechanisms to provide services: collaboration with government, increased WASH expertise, and community engagement. WASH practitioners fell in the middle, and the literature expressed a need for a health impact framework for supporting WASH interventions.", + "Key Recommendations": "More research and concerted action is recommended to determine:\n• How the gaps identified and any plans to further explore and address them can align with the recently created WASH sector Roadmap 2020–2025\n• How existing evidence and solutions can fill identified gaps and where new research and innovation may be needed\n• How each individual donor, responder, government, agency, and\nresearch institution can incorporate the results of this report to inform their programming, to engage and participate with the humanitarian cluster coordination platforms (where activated), incorporate results into guidance (e.g. Sphere Standards), and improve WASH humanitarian response activities to reduce the burden of disease and provide dignity and security to people affected by crises.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.elrha.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Elrha_Gaps-in-WASH-in-Humanitarian-Response_2021-Update.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Educational Services" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Tufts University" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Advancing Learning and Market Research;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Elrha" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Humanitarian Assistance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Formal Sector" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2021" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Sophie Tholstrup", + "Ruth McCormack", + "Julie Lawson-McDowall" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "2100-Lawso-GLO", + "Document Title": "The Use of Cash Assistance in the Covid-19 Humanitarian Response: Accelerating Trends and Missed Opportunities ", + "Document Summary": "The operational and socioeconomic consequences of Covid-19 have made cash assistance the global go-to relief modality, whether through humanitarian or social protection channels. Cash has proven to be an adaptable means of saving lives and supporting livelihoods and mitigating the pandemic’s impacts on local economies while giving recipients the flexibility to decide what they require. Many humanitarian organisations have increased the scale of cash programmes, while government-administered social assistance mechanisms have been utilised on a huge scale. The crisis has bolstered attention on why linkages between social protection and humanitarian cash are important, including how to work together more effectively to enable better coverage of those in need. This paper has been developed with inputs from across the CALP Network. It explores how cash and voucher assistance—with a focus on humanitarian response—has been scaled up or adjusted in response to Covid-19, and how it is changing ways of working.", + "Key Findings": "The paper shows that cash cash and Voucher Assistance has so far proven to be an adaptable and scalable means of responding to many needs in a constrained environment. ", + "Key Recommendations": "Facilitating greater ownership and action by local actors is crucial to enable more effective and contextually appropriate responses that better represent those affected by crisis. ", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/disa.12524", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Financial Services" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment", + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Overseas Development Institute" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "COVID-19" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Humanitarian Assistance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Peer-reviewed article or other research report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Financial Institution, Investors, and Intermediaries" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2021" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Koen Peeters Grietens", + "Kemi Tesfazghi", + "Thuan Thi Nguyen", + "Joan Muela Ribera", + "Yoriko Masunaga" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Vietnam", + "Laos", + "Cambodia" + ], + "Document ID": "2100-masun-mlt", + "Document Title": "In search of the last malaria cases: ethnographic methods for community\nand private-sector engagement in malaria elimination in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia", + "Document Summary": "This document discusses how to eliminate malaria in hard to reach places in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia. It shows how the private sector and local communities work together to improve surveillance and detection of malaria cases in remote forested areas and works to answer the question of whether their elimination strategies work. Ethnographic research was conducted to see if the elimination strategies work in Cambodia, Vietnam, and Laos. The results of the ethnographic research show that different factors limited or enhanced the effectiveness of the participation from local communities and the private sector due to inter-ethnic tensions and the local population’s sensitivity to malaria testing and treatment. The document concludes that “hard-to-reach” areas will remain isolated without a proper investigation and localized research, since universalistic malaria elimination strategies are not accepted by the local communities like people thought they would. ", + "Key Findings": "Diferent types of factors limited or enhanced the efectiveness of the participatory approaches in the diferent settings. In Vietnam, inter-ethnic tensions and sensitivity around forest-work negatively afected local population’s health-seeking behaviour and consequent uptake of malaria testing and treatment. In Laos, the location of the project collaborative pharmacies in the district-centre were a mismatch for reaching hard-to-reach populations in remote villages. In Cambodia, the strategy of recruiting community malaria-workers, elected by the community members, did manage to reach the remote forested areas where people visited or stayed.", + "Key Recommendations": "‘Hard-to-reach’ populations remain hard to reach without proper research identifying the socio-eco-nomic-political environment and the key dynamics determining uptake in involved communities and populations.\nSolid implementation research with a strong ethnographic component is required to tailor malaria elimination strategies to local contexts.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://malariajournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12936-021-03903-y", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Health Care" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Ability to Influence Policy", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness", + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Advancing Learning and Market Research;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Malaria Journal", + "BMC" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Health" + ], + "Type of Document": "Peer-reviewed article or other research report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Local Business" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Asia" + ], + "Year": "2021" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Zeena Zakharia", + "Francine Menashy" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Liberia" + ], + "Document ID": "2100-MENAS-CIV", + "Document Title": "Private Engagement in Education in Emergencies: Rights and Regulations", + "Document Summary": "Although this brief limits its discussion to for-profit entities, it must be noted that the private sector includes a wide diversity of actors and organizations, in addition to a range of different forms of engagement. This diversity complicates defining and understanding the roles and impacts of private participation in education, including in emergency response contexts. In recognizing the intricate and often contentious understanding of private sector engagement, this brief focuses on key areas that have the greatest impact on education in emergencies. ", + "Key Findings": "Efforts to secure inclusive and equitable education for all have prompted calls for greater engagement by the private sector, asserting that businesses and foundations can play significant roles as partners in achieving Sustainable Development Goal 4 (SDG4).\n\nIn recent years, given shortfalls in public financing and the need for urgent responses, private actors have increasingly become involved in various aspects of educational programming for education in emergencies (EiE). This arrangement, however, can produce tensions between private engagement and humanitarian response in education, which need to be addressed and in turn require extra coordination, advocacy and attention. This brief explores some of these tensions and makes recommendations to support the prioritization of safe, equitable, and quality public education for all children and young people affected by crises. \n\nVarious non-state actors play a central role in education in emergencies. For instance, non-governmental organizations (NGOs) frequently act as funders and implementers of education programs in contexts of crisis, often supporting state-driven activities.\n\nThe unique interplay between for-profit actors and EiE elicits particular tensions: between the urgent needs that might be met more efficiently by the private sector (e.g. financing, innovation), according to popular perception, on the one hand, and the rights-based concerns about ensuring equity and access, and preventing exploitation on the other. For example, as the world grapples with the impact of COVID-19 on education and related school closures, the private sector has taken on a prominent role in enabling virtual learning and supplying educational technology.", + "Key Recommendations": "The key recommendations for Private Sector Participation in Education in Emergence (EiE) are: prioritize the \"do no harm\" principle of humanitarianism; prioritize the participation of affected communities; support the long-term sustainability of public education; regulate private sector activities; promote transparency in profit-seeking activities; ensure that private funding to EiE is transparent, equitable, and harmonized; develop specific guidance on private participation in EiE. ", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://inee.org/blog/private-engagement-education-emergencies-rights-and-regulations", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Educational Services" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Omega Schools", + "Bridge International Academies" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities", + "Ability to Influence Policy", + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Inter-agency Network for Education in Emergencies (INEE)" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Youth", + "Conflict", + "COVID-19" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Humanitarian Assistance", + "Education and Social Services" + ], + "Type of Document": "White Paper/Think Tank Report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "For-profit Commercial Entity" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2020" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Kwame Oduro Amoako", + "Lyon Salia Awuah", + "Emmanuel Opoku Marfo", + "Peter Ansu-Mensah" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Ghana" + ], + "Document ID": "2100-MENSA-GHA", + "Document Title": "Corporate social responsibility and stakeholder engagement in Ghana’s mining sector: a case study of Newmont Ahafo mines", + "Document Summary": "This case study looks at corporate social responsibility and stakeholder engagement in Ghana’s mining sector. The study found that stakeholder involvement in corporate social responsibility is necessary for continuous involvement from stakeholders. \"The findings contribute to the building of empirical reference which will serve as guidelines for management practitioners dealing with relations, and shows it is key for stakeholders to be engaged.\"", + "Key Findings": "The study’s results showed how NAL in Ghana has taken proactive steps to sustainably meet the socioeconomic needs of its impacted communities. The company linked discretionary CSR with stakeholder ap-\nproach to achieving sustainable results, setting up partnerships with appropriate government and NGOs to implement CSR programs. The degree and extent of stakeholder participation processes have improved partnerships between the stakeholders and NAL.\n\nThe structure and shape of the CSR interventions were focused on both direct and indirect needs of people in the community. It can be summarized, therefore, that the CSR programs of NAL are self-sustaining as a result of its strategic goal to extend the life span of initiatives. CSR results have ultimately greatly impacted on the triple bottom line sustainable practices comprising economic, social and environment. We, thus, reach the conclusion that successful stakeholders’ engagement in CSR initiatives of mining companies’ has facilitated a cordial relationship free of disputes in the mining communities of NAL. \n\nThe findings show that stakeholders in the mining areas are involved in the CSR meetings and discussions organised by NAL. Moreover, we also draw the conclusion that the level of their contribution and participation has led to sustainable CSR results which will benefit generations unborn. Finally, the study found that the integration of stakeholder strategies into CSR resulted in excess demand from various stakeholders. This usually\nincreases the company’s role and responsibility and costs, resulting in poor voluntary involvement by stakeholders.", + "Key Recommendations": "It is therefore suggested that further studies involving a cross-industry contrast of stakeholder participation and the sustainability of CSR results in Ghana and other emerging countries could be conducted. This would give communities the opportunity to learn the different strategies that industries are pursuing to sustain their CSR activities in the area of community growth. Besides, it is notable that due to hectic schedules of some of the managers, initially; they were unwilling to take part in the in-\nterviews. However, this constraint was surmounted by going to them personally and appealing to them to answer the interview questions whiles reducing the interview times. Even in all instances, the interviews were recorded to avert any danger of eroding the data’s quality. Moreover, in a qualitative study like ours, detailed interviews were used to collect data and measures (ie, moderation) were put in place to overcome the flaws related to subjectivity. It is also notable that though there were interview guides which were prepared in English, yet the interviews were conducted in our local dialect “Akan”. The seeming problem of respondents misunderstanding resulting from such process was decreased because the researchers were native “Akan” speakers. Finally, the sustainability of CSR results and stakeholder participation could be conducted among various industries. In so doing, host communities will be acquainted with different strategies that these businesses are pursu-\ning to sustain their CSR activities. ", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://jcsr.springeropen.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s40991-020-00054-2.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Mining & Extractives", + "Health Care", + "Educational Services", + "Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, and Hunting" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships", + "Reputation and Credible Convening Power", + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;", + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "International Journal of Corporate Social Responsibility" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Humanitarian Assistance", + "Environment/Climate Change", + "Health", + "Education and Social Services" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "For-profit Commercial Entity" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2021" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Marie Löf", + "Marie Blomberg", + "Jairo H Migueles", + "Ralph Maddison", + "Marja H Leppänen", + "Maria Henström", + "Marcus Bendtsen", + "Pontus Henriksson", + "Emmie Söderström", + "Johanna Sandborg" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Sweden" + ], + "Document ID": "2100-SANDB-SWE", + "Document Title": "Effectiveness of a Smartphone App to Promote Healthy Weight Gain, Diet, and Physical Activity During Pregnancy (HealthyMoms): Randomized Controlled Trial", + "Document Summary": "This paper looks at the effectiveness of a smartphone app to promote healthy weight gain, diet, and physical activity during pregnancy. Excessive gestational weight gain during pregnancy can cause negative health outcomes for the mother and child. The app HealthyMoms was made to help mothers manage their weight in a healthy way. This paper looks at the effect this app has on pregnant women; it found no overall effect on excessive gestational weight gain, but it did find a decrease in weight gain in obese women and it has the potential to help promote healthy behaviors.", + "Key Findings": "Overall, we found no statistically significant effect on GWG (P=.62); however, the data indicate that the effect of the intervention differed by pre-pregnancy BMI, as women with overweight and obesity before pregnancy gained less weight in the intervention group as compared with the control group in the imputed analyses (-1.33 kg; 95% CI -2.92 to 0.26; P=.10) and completers-only analyses (-1.67 kg; 95% CI -3.26 to -0.09; P=.031]). Bayesian analyses showed that there was a 99% probability of any intervention effect on GWG among women with overweight and obesity, and an 81% probability that this effect was over 1 kg. The intervention group had higher scores for the Swedish Healthy Eating Index at follow-up than the control group (0.27; 95% CI 0.05-0.50; P=.017). We observed no statistically significant differences in body fatness, MVPA, glycemia, and insulin resistance between the intervention and control group at follow up (P≥.21). Although we found no overall effect on GWG, our results demonstrate the potential of a smartphone app (HealthyMoms) to promote healthy dietary behaviors as well as to decrease weight gain during pregnancy in women with overweight and obesity.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7995071/", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Health Care", + "Telecommunications" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Advancing Learning and Market Research;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "UHEALTH", + "JMIR MHEALTH" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Health" + ], + "Type of Document": "Peer-reviewed article or other research report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Formal Sector" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Europe and Eurasia" + ], + "Year": "2021" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Asuka Okumura", + "Rachel Sberro-Kessler", + "Toshiaki Ono", + "Juan Buchenau", + "Panos Varangis" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Tanzania", + "Kenya", + "Uganda" + ], + "Document ID": "2100-VARAN-MLT", + "Document Title": "Women in Agriculture Using Digital Financial Services", + "Document Summary": "This report offers a summary of the process to assess financial needs and conditions of female clients, the process to design suitable solutions for women, the challenges faced along the way, and the outcomes from each of these engagements. The aim of this report is to build sectoral knowledge on what it takes to improve service offerings for rural female clients, and what types of support providers require to make those improvements.", + "Key Findings": "Supporting financial service providers (FSPs) in developing financial services to a new underserved segment such as female smallholder farmers, while taking advantage of innovative digital financial services (DFS) technologies, is an undertaking that has many “moving parts.” Firms that are attracted to providing such financial services are in many cases young enterprises that may undergo frequent changes as they adapt and grow. Such changes may include shifts in their ownership structure, the establishment of new partnerships, high staff turnover, as well as changes to their market strategy, to name a few. These changes, which are part of the growth process, may generate some level of instability and organizational shifts that could create competing priorities, which in turn affect the execution of technical assistance (TA) engagements. In addition, the complexity of expanding the supply of services to new underserved segments, sometimes in new countries, and making use of new technologies that are evolving, should not be underestimated. \n\n- Women in rural areas, and in particular female farmers, have significantly less access to financial services than their male counterparts.\n- Digital financial services (DFS) have the potential to unlock financial services for women in agriculture; however, currently, significant gender gaps exist in DFS access and usage.\n\nAlthough the three FSPs operated in different country contexts, with different motivations and scope of services, and received TA that varied in scope and in timing, the following common trends emerged from market research:\n- Male and female smallholder farmers can lead different economic lives despite living in the same household. \n- A woman’s agency—her ability to make choices and act on those choices—can be influenced by her life stage and her marital conditions.\n- Low levels of literacy do not necessarily affect women’s ability to make use of digital financial services.\n- Female farmers may need different financial products than their male counterparts, and those products may need to be marketed differently.", + "Key Recommendations": "- Select Providers That Are Gender Sensitive or That Demonstrate a Strong Interest in Reorienting Their Business Systems, Culture, and Processes toward Gender Equality\n- Align Technical Assistance Funding to Partner Firms’ Existing Interests, KPIs, Partnerships, and Timelines\n- Include a Rigorous Business Case Analysis within the Partner’s Existing Business Model\n- Targeted Technical Assistance in Early Stages Can Have an Impact, but Additional Mechanisms such as RiskSharing Facilities and Investments May Be Needed at a Later Stage to Support Implementation and to Scale-up Viable Services ", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/222361617683660582/pdf/Women-in-Agriculture-Using-Digital-Financial-Services-Lessons-Learned-from-Technical-Assistance-Support-to-DigiFarm-Fenix-and-myAgro.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, and Hunting", + "Technology" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Dalberg Design", + "Strategic Impact Advisors", + "MyAgro", + "Fenix International" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Ability to Influence Policy", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities", + "Flexibility and Pace", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Advancing Learning and Market Research;", + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;", + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "World Bank" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Agriculture and Food Security", + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "Peer-reviewed article or other research report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "For-profit Commercial Entity", + "Business Association or Cooperative", + "Micro, Small, or Medium Enterprise", + "Financial Institution, Investors, and Intermediaries", + "Informal Sector" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2021" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Orr Tracy", + "Mubiru Fredrick", + "Lebrun Victoria" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Uganda" + ], + "Document ID": "2100-VICTO-GLO", + "Document Title": "Drug Shop Operators Provision of Injectable Contraception", + "Document Summary": "This companion handbook looks at how the public sector can engage better with private sector drug shops to contribute to national family planning and reproductive health goals. This handbook addresses the advocacy process in Uganda for supporting a community-based service-delivery channel for family planning, and provides the nine program components in the community health worker handbook to establish a program to distribute injectable contraceptives through private sector drug shops.", + "Key Findings": "Uganda’s Ministry of Health (MOH) and the primary regulatory authority—National Drug Authority (NDA), with technical support from the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) Advancing Partners & Communities Project, commissioned an implementation science study that introduced training, supervision, and reporting for selected drug shops providing an expanded FP method mix for one year. Scale-up continued under a special waiver that allowed drug shop operators who were working with implementing partners to provide injectables until a policy shift allowing trained DSOs to provide injectables was achieved. This handbook captures Uganda’s key developments and lessons in the advocacy process to support this community-based service-delivery channel, along with highlights from other countries’ experiences with drug shop operator provision of health services. The nine program components described mirror the components in the community health worker (CHW) handbook and are relevant for any family planning (FP) program seeking to increase access to high-quality services by working with drug shops.", + "Key Recommendations": "The nine components needed to establish a program to distribute injectable contraceptives through private sector drug shops.\n- Component 1. Determine the need for DSO provision of\ninjectables and self-injection (SI)\n- Component 2. Evaluate the potential costs for adding DSO provision of injectables and SI to community-based family planning services\n- Component 3. Integrate DSO provision of injectables and SI into national policy and service guidelines\n- Component 4. Mobilize the community and raise awareness about the service\n- Component 5. Ensure a logistical system that supports\nproper waste management and a steady provision of supplies\n- Component 6. Train DSOs to provide the service\n- Component 7. Establish Systems for Supportive Supervision\n- Component 8. Document and share processes and outcomes\n- Component 9. Ensure successful scale-up", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.fhi360.org/sites/default/files/media/documents/resource-cba2i-handbook-addendum.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Pharmaceuticals", + "Health Care", + "Educational Services" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities", + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Ability to Influence Policy" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships", + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Advancing Learning and Market Research;", + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Health", + "Education and Social Services" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "For-profit Commercial Entity", + "For-profit approach that generates sustainable income", + "Local Business", + "Business Association or Cooperative" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2021" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Walmart" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "2100-WALMA-GLO", + "Document Title": "Environmental, Social and Governance FY 2021 Summary", + "Document Summary": "This Annual Summary provides an overview of [Walmart's] shared value approach to ESG, ESG priorities, and key highlights. The Annual Summary covers [Walmart's] activities during the fiscal year ending January 31, 2021\n(FY2021), except as otherwise noted. In addition to this Annual Summary, beginning in 2021, [Walmart's] reporting is centered around a series of\nissue briefs covering each of Walmart’s priority ESG issues in depth. Each brief covers our aspiration and strategy with respect to the issue, the relevance of\nthe issue to business and society, [Walmart's] key goals and metrics, and [Walmart's] progress to date. These briefs will be updated from time to time and may not align with particular fiscal year reporting periods.", + "Key Findings": "Shared value — addressing societal issues in ways that create value for our business and stakeholders — lies at the heart of Walmart’s enterprise strategy. \nThey believe they maximize long‑term value for shareholders by serving their stakeholders: delivering value to their customers, creating economic opportunity for associates and suppliers, strengthening local communities, and enhancing\nthe environmental and social sustainability of their business and product supply chains. Addressing such societal needs builds the value of their business by extending their license to operate, building customer and associate trust, creating new\nrevenue streams, managing cost and risk, building capabilities for future advantage, and strengthening the underlying systems they rely on. \n\nIn 2021, Walmart managed to:\n-Destine $100 million over 5 years to create the center for racial equity\n-Train 95,000 associates through Walmart Academy\n-Promote 300,000 associates to jobs of higher pay and responsibility \n-Reduce scopes 1 and 2 emissions by 12.1%\n-Supply 36% of their global electricity needs with renewable sources\n-Support 500 COVID-19 testing sites in the US\n-Donate over $1.4 billion through the Walmart Foundation\n-Give $43 million to support COVID-19 response efforts around the world\n\n", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://corporate.walmart.com/esgreport/media-library/document/walmart-2021-esg-annual-summary/_proxyDocument?id=0000017a-82c5-d7dc-ad7a-bac574130000", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Food & Beverage", + "Retail" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Ability to Influence Policy", + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Flexibility and Pace", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment", + "Advancing Learning and Market Research;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Walmart" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "COVID-19" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Democracy, Human Rights, & Governance", + "Education and Social Services", + "Environment/Climate Change", + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "For-profit Commercial Entity", + "Large Enterprise", + "Multi-national Business" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2021" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Emmanuel Junior Tenakwah", + "Deborah Ofusu", + "David Adeabah", + "Isaac Akomea-Frimpong" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "2101-AKOME-GLO", + "Document Title": "A review of studies on green finance banks, research gaps and future directions", + "Document Summary": "This meta-analysis study utilizes existing studies on green finance to provide an analysis of how banks can consider adopting, developing, and granting green finance. This study is relevant for the banks and banking regulations with a focus on how to enhance managers and employees of banks' awareness on the competitive edge that promoting green finance has on the banking industry. This analysis delves into the importance of corporate sustaianability, corporate image, and financial performance, while providing potential guidance in policy formulation to assist regulators and managers.\n \n \n \t\t\nThis meta-analysis study utilizes existing studies on green finance to provide an analysis of how banks can consider adopting, developing, and granting green finance. This study is relevant for the banks and banking regulations with a focus on how to enhance managers and employees of banks' awareness on the competitive edge that promoting green finance has on the banking industry. This analysis delves into the importance of corporate sustaianability, corporate image, and financial performance, while providing potential guidance in policy formulation to assist regulators and managers.", + "Key Findings": "This study is a meta-analysis of studies on green finance. Environmental protection, climate change, social inclusion and sustainability continue to receive attention in the world, and in recent years, the interest in these issues have heightened in the banking industry. A systematic review of 46 relevant papers on green finance in the banking industry accompanied by the content analysis methods served as the methodology of this study. Two themes emerged from the method used: green finance products of banks and determinants of green finance of banks. The results revealed seven prominent green finance products of banks which are green loan/bonds, green investment, climate finance, green infrastructural bonds, green insurance, green securities, and carbon finance. The study also identified key determinants of green finance of banks with the 9 topmost determinants being: risks, banking sector regulations, bank size, environmental policies and climate change, internal practices and ethics, technology and innovation, religion, interest rates, social inclusion and social justice. Furthermore, research and policy gaps which need to be addressed by researchers and policymakers in the banking industry on green finance are in the context of regulations, dimensions of research, risk management, data and models. Specifically, the results revealed that the majority of existing studies were conducted in Asia and Europe leaving other continents like Oceania, South America and Africa as sites where little to no research studies have been conducted on the banking sector.", + "Key Recommendations": "This study has implications for banks and banking regulations. Managers and employees of banks will understand the essence of promoting green finance to gain a competitive edge in the banking industry. The corporate sustainability, corporate image and financial performance of banks will be enhanced. Banks could strengthen financial inclusion and add to innovative finance products and strengthen corporate sustainability. Finally, from a policy formulation perspective, the analysis in this study could assist regulators and managers to frame policies which embrace the needs of stakeholders, simultaneously positioning banks to have a competitive edge in the banking industry.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/20430795.2020.1870202?casa_token=EKR3PeroTEkAAAAA:ULqQVYf9hJyMdqXa4MWqpRZ2-45a11E9i6LGWKsWtjzdGO89Kyf8fx4p8tZ3l6Akb3iCeAsLGzsn", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Technology", + "Energy", + "Financial Services" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Ability to Influence Policy", + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Reputation and Credible Convening Power" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Advancing Learning and Market Research;" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Economic Growth", + "Environment/Climate Change" + ], + "Type of Document": "Peer-reviewed article or other research report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Corporate Foundation", + "Financial Institution, Investors, and Intermediaries" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2021" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Venetia Bell", + "Andrej Kirn" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "2101-KIRN-GLO", + "Document Title": "Unlocking Humanitarian and Resilience Investing through Better Data", + "Document Summary": "This paper explains critical gaps in the available data that are preventing investors from accessing more humanitarian and resilience investing opportunities, and proposes some solutions. [The authors] present evidence from diverse case studies, building the business case for better data in\ncontexts of fragility, conflict and violence.\n\nThis paper builds on the white paper Humanitarian Investing – Mobilizing Capital to Overcome Fragility, produced by the World Economic Forum in collaboration with Boston Consulting Group, the International Committee of the Red Cross and the World Bank. [The authors] expand on one of the main issues it raised – that more and better data is needed to unlock flows of humanitarian and resilience investment.", + "Key Findings": "This paper shows how addressing data gaps can unlock viable and impactful HRI investment strategies, which – underpinned by more robust revenue streams – can mitigate financial, reputational and compliance risks.", + "Key Recommendations": "This paper calls for action in five main areas to enhance HRI-enabling data and stimulate private sector investment in humanitarian and resilience activities.\n1. Investors should provide guidance on their data requirements\n2. Partners should agree on principles for data privacy and protection up front\n3. Businesses and initiative owners should disclose what existing data they can, and partners should act where existing data and standards are inadequate\n4. As disclosures improve, standard-setters and platforms must be ready to disseminate to investors\n5. Partners should work together to harness the potential of digital solutions for HRI-enabling data", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.weforum.org/whitepapers/unlocking-humanitarian-and-resilience-investing-through-better-data", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Financial Services" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Equity Bank", + "Vita green impact", + "Philips", + "MasterCard", + "PeaceNexus Foundation", + "CrossBoundary", + "Refugee Investment Network", + "GIB Asset Management" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Advancing Learning and Market Research;", + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "World Economic Forum" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "COVID-19" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Humanitarian Assistance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Corporate Foundation", + "Formal Sector" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2021" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Congo (Kinshasa)" + ], + "Document ID": "2101-MCMILL-COD", + "Document Title": "Mid-Term Performance Evaluation of the Strengthening Value Chains (SVC) Activity in the Democratic Republic of the Congo", + "Document Summary": "The USAID/Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) Strengthen Value Chain Activity (SVC) activity aims to increase agricultural production and incomes of small farmers in the dried bean, soybean, and coffee value chains (VCs) in the DRC’s South Kivu province. The SVC mid-term performance evaluation sought to identify achievements, performance issues, and constraints, focusing on SVC’s collaboration with Food for Peace (FFP) and, from this, to identify a set of actionable recommendations to achieve activity goals and objectives for the short, medium, and long-term. ", + "Key Findings": "Key findings:\n\n- Two-thirds or more of surveyed coffee farm college (CFC) participants improved post-harvest handling (PHH) practices, yields, quality, and sales\n\n- SVC helped create the Network of Coffee and Cacao Producer Cooperatives (RCPCA), DRC’s main coffee producer platform\n\n- 5 of 7 SVC-supported producer organizations (POs) now satisfy criteria for sustainability\n\n- Three-quarters or more of surveyed farmers who received SVC PHH training improved PHH practices, yields, quality, and sales, and 55% improved their commercial linkages and access to market information\n\n- SVC’s Gender Action Learning System (GALS) is an effective and scalable model for empowering women and is well-adapted to post-conflict contexts", + "Key Recommendations": "Recommendations:\n\n- Strengthen farmers’ access to quality inputs to build on gains achieved\n\n- Facilitate private investment in the specialty coffee VC to ensure quality standards required for international markets\n\n- Facilitate improved access to finance (including bank loans and small grants) to fund capital investment for scaling-up and sustaining inclusive VC activities\n\n- Scale-up concessionaire agri-business model to promote inclusive VC investments\n\n- Increase awareness of and access to nutritious foods by improving harmonization of USAID-funded initiatives and the integration of nutrition into mainstream VC training\n\n- Reorient GALS training to include a wider range of participants, including couples and youth, and to increase its focus on training PO leadership/members and DFSA beneficiaries\n\n- Work with RCPCA to promote market diversification and quality improvement for specialty coffee", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://banyanglobal.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/Mid-Term-Performance-Evaluation-of-the-Strengthening-Value-Chains-SVC-Activity-in-the-Democratic-Republic-of-the-Congo.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Business Services", + "Technology" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Banyan Global", + "Tetra Tech", + "J.E Austin Associates Inc" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Flexibility and Pace", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities", + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment", + "Advancing Learning and Market Research;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Humanitarian Assistance", + "Agriculture and Food Security" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2021" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Mercy Corps" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Uganda" + ], + "Document ID": "2101-MERCY-UGA", + "Document Title": "One Year On: Paying for Darkness Strengthening Solar Markets for Refugees in Uganda ", + "Document Summary": "In June 2019, Mercy Corps conducted a market systems analysis in the Bidi Bidi refugee settlement to identify the key barriers to OGS and PAYGo products reaching refugee and host consumer markets, which were detailed in the Paying for Darkness report. From November 2019 to July 2020, Mercy Corps implemented activities addressing five identified market constraints.\n\nThis paper summarizes the outputs of a short evaluation undertaken in early 2020 to assess the intervention’s impact, and extract learning for future interventions. The evaluation comprised of key informant interviews with program field teams, sales agents, community leaders and 184 community members. An analysis of sales and repayment data from OGS and PAYGo suppliers involved in piloting new models for financing and distribution of products in the Bidi Bidi area was also conducted. Initial sales data vastly outperformed initial program targets, demonstrating that a market systems approach to strengthen access to solar energy products could be successful, even in remote and underserved refugee markets.", + "Key Findings": "An analysis of sales and repayment data from OGS and PAYGo suppliers involved in piloting new models for financing and distribution of products in the Bidi Bidi area was also conducted. Initial sales data vastly outperformed initial program targets, demonstrating that a market systems approach to strengthen access to solar energy products could be successful, even in remote and underserved refugee markets.", + "Key Recommendations": "Product Appropriateness & Availability: All segments would consider 12-month loans at piloted repayment amounts. Prior to the pilot, all segments preferred payments upfront or short loan periods. However, it was identified during the pilot that all consumer segments would accept longer repayment periods e.g. 24 months, which could allow for a smaller subsidy or it us complete removal in the future.\n\nDemand Perception: Future interventions should schedule awareness-raising activities one month prior to sales so that consumers have sufficient time to prepare and save a deposit or purchase amount.\n\nMarket Linkages & Infrastructure: To improve distribution, OGS suppliers used a combination of:\n1. Sales agents recruited from local VSLAs (given their awareness of local consumer, knowledge of the area, and access to female consumers);\n2. Market activation campaigns, with support with Mercy Corps and VSLAs\n3. The establishment of local service centers, warehousing and retail points (through existing local infrastructure, namely the Mercy Corps Innovation Centers and the ENVenture energy cooperative)\n\nAppropriate Finance: The pilot period enabled validation of many of the original hypotheses around appropriate finance, and with need for additional validation.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.mercycorps.org/sites/default/files/2021-02/One-Year-On_Paying-for-Darkness_Short_final.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Energy" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "ENVenture energy cooperative" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge", + "Risk-Mitigation and Flexible Authorities" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Mercy Corps" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Humanitarian Assistance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Impact Evaluation Report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Micro, Small, or Medium Enterprise" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2021" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Zachary Levey", + "Jennifer Armitage", + "Daniel Silver", + "Alma Agusti Strid", + "Sara Rizzo", + "James Ronicle", + "Kay Lau" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Mali", + "Nigeria", + "Congo (Kinshasa)", + "India", + "Cameroon", + "Uganda", + "Kenya" + ], + "Document ID": "2102-LAU-GLO", + "Document Title": "Findings from the second research wave of the independent Evaluation of the FCDO Development Impact Bonds Pilot Programme", + "Document Summary": "This evaluation centers on the FCDO's use of Development Impact Bonds (DIBs) as an innovative way to fund development projects. It covers six years of a pilot program funding projects with three global NGOs across a variety of sectors. In particular DIBs were discussed in comparison to Payement by Results (PbR) approaches. The report found DIBs to be promising as effective change management tools similar to PbR. It also discusses the impact of widening the group of stakeholders involved and provides recommendations to the FCDO as well as anyone interested in DIBs more generally.", + "Key Findings": "1. The DIB effect varies across DIBs depending on the stakeholders involved, their motivations for using the DIB, and the structure of the DIB\n\n2. A DIB can be an effective change management tool. \n\n3. In many ways, the DIB effects seen are not dissimilar to what has been observed in the PbR market. A key additionality of the DIB is the coalition of outcome funders, investors and intermediaries.\n\n4. Additional stakeholders do result in greater coordination and communication costs. \n\n5. Transitioning to an outcome-based contracting model requires a shift in perspectives, on the part of both providers and outcome funders.\n\n6. Delivery of a DIB requires strong internal and external communication. \n\n7. There have been some teething problems during these pilot DIBs, as service providers noted aspects of the DIB that required more time and resources than expected and budgeted for\n\n8. The role of the intermediary should be carefully considered, to ensure costs and benefits are proportionate\n\n9. Validation costs can be high – there is a trade-off between rigour and cost\n\n10. Measuring cost-effectiveness of the DIB funding mechanism is extremely challenging\n\n11. Legal costs remain high and the DIBs have seen a general willingness to work more flexibly outside formal contractual provisions. ", + "Key Recommendations": "Recommendations to FCDO:\n\n1. FCDO can support the wider market in collecting more robust cost data\n\n2. FCDO should consider how it can apply DIBs where most appropriate to its portfolio, based on the parameters set above\n\n3. FCDO should consider following up with DIBs after the end of delivery (building this into contracts as needed) to test the sustainability of outcomes and spillover effects.\n\nRecommendations to the wider DIB sector:\n\n4. Clarify roles and responsibilities upfront.\n\n5. Build flexibilities into the contract to respond to changing situations without having to substantially change contracts. \n\n6. Be transparent and share lessons learned as well as key successes and challenges to support the strengthening of the market.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://iati.fcdo.gov.uk/iati_documents/60354735.pdf", + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Ability to Influence Policy" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments", + "Risk-Mitigation and Flexible Authorities" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;", + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "FCDO", + "Ecorys" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "COVID-19" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Health", + "Economic Growth", + "Education and Social Services" + ], + "Type of Document": "Impact Evaluation Report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Financial Institution, Investors, and Intermediaries" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Asia", + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2021" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Julia Anna Bingler", + "Stephan Kellenberger", + "Steffen Kolberg", + "Charlene Watson" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Switzerland" + ], + "Document ID": "2103-BINGL-CHE", + "Document Title": "Consistency case study: actions supporting Article 2.1c of the Paris Agreement in Switzerland", + "Document Summary": "Article 2.1c of the Paris Agreement stipulates that it is necessary to redirect public and private financing in a way that contributes to a pathway of low greenhouse gas emissions. The agreement also highlights developed countries’ obligation to mobilize climate finance to mitigate the actions of countries with limited resources to contribute to the said objective. Since Switzerland has a large financial sector that is estimated to finance greenhouse gas emissions of over 1,000 million tonnes of CO2 equivalents per year, it is important to analyze how the country has contributed to achieving the goals stipulated by the Paris Agreement. \n\nPublished in 2021, this case study takes a two-fold approach that describes the Swiss government and private sector’s progress in supporting the Paris Agreement’s objectives. The document presents a series of color-coded summary tables that seek to illustrate the degree to which several public and private sector activities support progress towards the Paris goals and the data that supports these conclusions. The public sector’s section considers progress in areas such as financial policy and regulation, fiscal policy and carbon pricing, and public budgeting, among others. On the other hand, the private sector’s section illustrates the progress that the country’s markets have made in making sustainable investments. \n\nBased on the assessment of progress made in supporting the Paris Agreement, the document presents several recommendations for Switzerland to become a leading international hub for sustainable finance. Recommendations range from introducing mandatory regulations for banks and other financial institutions to creating entities that support sustainable market development.\n", + "Key Findings": "- Overall strategies and targets are defined, but more ambition and specific operationalisation of the Paris alignment goals is required.\n- Financial policy and regulation discuss mandatory climate-related risk disclosure obligations for the nine largest financial institutions, but fall short of factoring in climate impact considerations.\n- The central bank and financial supervisors will have to consider climate-related financial risks in micro- and macroprudential supervision once the revised CO2 Act has been implemented, but further monetary policy activities have, to date, been decisively rejected.\n- Fiscal policy and carbon pricing are key features of the Swiss climate mitigation policy, but their scope needs to be expanded and climate-misaligned fiscal incentives should be assessed.\n- The public budget is not climate-aligned, and international climate finance requires ratcheting-up.\n- Public financial institutions such as the Swiss Export Risk Insurance (SERV) or the Swiss Investment Fund for Emerging Markets (SIFEM) do not yet have a comprehensive, target-aligned climate strategy or mandate, but some progress is noticeable in the updated SIFEM strategy.\n- Information instruments for climate-aligned investment planning at the national level are well defined, for example in the energy, buildings, transport and agricultural strategies, but the ambition of these strategies needs to be ratcheted up to reflect the net-zero target.\n- Further information instruments such as certified labelling or financial data repositories have not been implemented and discussions on a taxonomy of sustainable economic activities have been postponed.", + "Key Recommendations": "Based on the present analysis, we identify the following key next steps and lessons learnt for Switzerland:\n- Switzerland should consistently adopt a holistic approach to sustainable finance by equally valuing (i) the financial risks and opportunities related to climate change and (ii) the climate impacts (double materiality). This entails defining clear adaptation and mitigation finance targets that are in line with the adaptation goals, the national netzero target and the global 1.5°/<2°C target.\n\n- The PACTA assessment should become mandatory and be conducted regularly, at least every two years. The analysis has proven to be a very useful source of comparable, forward-looking information for assessing the degree of alignment of the financial sector.\n\n- Switzerland should update the national sector climate strategies to be in line with the national net-zero strategy, and to ensure that the sector strategies provide the right information for domestic investment decisions. This also includes the definition of binding interim targets, decarbonisation pathways and transition plans for all sectors, including the financial sector, to reduce the risk of assets becoming stranded.\n\n- The imposition of mandatory TCFD-based disclosure requirements for the financial sector and the real economy will require the preparation of clear risk and impact assessment guidance and standardised disclosure templates. These should include the key indicators to be reported, both for climate risks and climate impacts, as well as for mitigation, adaptation and resilience investments.\n\n- The Swiss government should assess and report the climate consistency of the Swiss federal budget and spending plans, net climate finance, and the net effective carbon price for various sectors.\n\n- Switzerland should introduce a binding labelling requirement and verification mechanism, to ensure that financial products are consistent with the climate goals and to prevent 'greenwashing' of investment products.\n\n- Switzerland should establish a public green investment bank to utilise all possible public levers, send important market signals and reduce investment risks. The bank would support market developments at the scale and speed required to fulfil the Paris Agreement goals and to exploit the full potential of innovative financial instruments.\n\nBased on the present analysis, we also identify the following recommendations for the GST in general:\n- The GST should look at the public measures and activities undertaken to implement or support the implementation of Article 2.1c, while also assessing private sector activities. This includes a critical assessment of the level of ambition of the measures taken or planned, and the availability and quality of data required to track progress against the targets.\n\n- Assessing the degree of alignment and misalignment of private financial flows with a comparable, scenario-based and forward-looking methodology should be a key priority.\n\n- Collecting data on both climate-aligned and climate-misaligned public financial flows and budget plans, net climate finance and net carbon pricing should be another priority for the GST.\n\n- The availability and quality of qualitative and quantitative data on public domestic and private climate adaptation and climate resilience finance have to be significantly improved. ", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.climateworks.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/iGST_21c_Case_Study_Switzerland13.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Financial Services" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Swiss Export Risk Insurance", + "Swiss National Bank" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Ability to Influence Policy" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Reputation and Credible Convening Power" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Advancing Learning and Market Research;", + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Independent Global Stocktake" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "COVID-19" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Environment/Climate Change" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Financial Institution, Investors, and Intermediaries", + "Micro, Small, or Medium Enterprise" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Europe and Eurasia" + ], + "Year": "2021" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Alessandra Cozzolino" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "2103-COZZO-GLO", + "Document Title": "Platforms Enhancing the Engagement of the Private Sector in Humanitarian Relief Operations", + "Document Summary": "As disasters become progressively more frequent and complex, better collaboration through partnerships with private business becomes more important. This research aimed to understand how platforms support the engagement of the private sector—especially logistics businesses—in\nhumanitarian relief operations. The study was based on a literature review and on an investigation of an emblematic case of the cross-sector platform, recognized at a global level in logistics and supply chain management, between the United Nations World Food Programme and the Logistics Emergency Teams (WFP/LET), composed of four global leading logistics providers. The insights resulting from this paper may be of particular interest to both academics and professionals regarding the two sectors, profit and non-profit.", + "Key Findings": "The preliminary results that emerge from this research can be interesting and useful for both academics and professionals in the two sectors, profit and non-profit. In fact,first of all, the use of the platform makes it possible to concretely help people in need by reaching them through the various humanitarian relief operations; moreover, it can be a good basis for a constructive dialogue to build new projects to achieve further sustainable goals. Moreover, the COVID-19 pandemic has aggravated the context of the global crisis, and the need for coordination arises as an even more burning topic. As declared in the “Financial Times” (22 April 2020), the pandemic crisis has underlined the need to work together for the vital safety of single actors and entire supply chains: transforming their supply chains to “just in case” models (FT, 2020). The platform investigated in this research sustains the supply chains in this direction, through concrete and effective coordination, and it may be of example for other realities, in humanitarian contexts as well as in commercial ones. A message contained in this paper is that “the commitment to breaking down the barriers to much closer collaboration across organizational boundaries” [8] (p. 9) is growing to also guarantee an agile supply chain in response to disasters, based on a platform solution. Specifically, the “platform” investigated in the present paper is between the United Nations World Food Programme (WFP) and the Logistics Emergency Teams (LET), composed of four global leading logistics providers.", + "Key Recommendations": "This study, despite having provided some useful insights on the topic, needs to be deepened, especially in its empirical investigation, with an on-field analysis, which requires a further detailed examination that extends the understanding of platform opportunities and also the criticalities for private sector -humanitarian collaboration. This could be achieved by questionnaires for and semi-structured interviews with the professionals engaged in the platform in its different activities, valorising the analysis of primary data.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/6/3024", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Other" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "MDPI" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Humanitarian Assistance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Peer-reviewed article or other research report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "For-profit Commercial Entity", + "For-profit approach that generates sustainable income", + "Formal Sector" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2021" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Azam Bazrafshan", + "Razieh Fallah" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "China", + "Sri Lanka", + "Somalia", + "Korea (South)", + "India", + "Thailand", + "Vietnam" + ], + "Document ID": "2103-FALLA-GLO", + "Document Title": "Participation of delivering private hospital services in universal health\ncoverage: A systematic scoping review of the developing countries’ evidence", + "Document Summary": "There is a lack of conceptual clarity about the role of delivering private hospital services (DPHS) accompanied by major gaps in evidence. The purpose of this systematic scoping review was to identify and map the available evidence regarding the developing countries to scrutinize the participation of DPHS exclusively in the universal health coverage (UHC) through providing graphical/tabular classifications of the bibliometric information, sources of the records, frequent location, contribution of the private hospital services in the health system, and roles of DPHS in UHC.", + "Key Findings": "Although evidence has revealed inconsistency in the identified roles that inherently depend on the individual country’s context, a continuous chain of positive or negative effects in objectives and goals was observed. This can be a noteworthy lesson to address the audiences such as international and national‑level or academic and professional stakeholders, health policy and decision makers, legislators, or communities’ representatives because ignoring the role of private hospitals in national efforts toward UHC is not a rational option, rather now, precisely the time is to change DPHS policies and strategies to help world transformation toward a healthier world.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8150068/", + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Journal of Education and Health Promotion" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Health" + ], + "Type of Document": "Systematic review or Meta-analysis", + "USAID Region": [ + "Asia", + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2021" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "GSM Association (GSMA)" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Ethiopia" + ], + "Document ID": "2103-GSMA-ETH", + "Document Title": "Humanitarian Cash and Voucher Assistance Programmes in Ethiopia: Context Analysis and Capability Assessment of the Mobile Money Ecosystem", + "Document Summary": "This report, in partnership with the Collaborative Cash Delivery (CCD)\nNetwork, explores the context and capability of the mobile money\necosystem in Ethiopia. With a focus on humanitarian cash and voucher\nassistance (CVA) programming, it aims to help humanitarian and\ndevelopment actors assess the feasibility of deploying mobile money for\nCVA programming in the country.", + "Key Findings": "Cash transfers have the potential to be delivered much more efficiently, utilise public-and private-sector capacities more effectively and require fewer organisations than in-kind assistance, which involves multiple parties. The benefits of cash-based interventions increase significantly with the use of e-payment channels, which digitise aid delivery and make it more efficient and transparent. However, mobile money adoption is not widespread in Ethiopia, with barriers including limited access, social and cultural factors, low literacy rates, high cost of operations and lack of infrastructure in remote settings. Partnerships and joint efforts between cash and voucher assistance (CVA) implementers and financial service providers (FSPs) can lead to an increase in both the demand and supply of mobile money solutions, and efficient and large-scale cash-based responses.", + "Key Recommendations": "The following considerations and actions are recommended for CVA\nimplementers that are looking into using mobile money as a cash delivery channel: \n\nTo decide on a delivery mechanism, CVA implementers should: \n1. Put end-users at the centre.\n2. Measure cost-effectiveness of different disbursement mechanisms.\n3. Remember context is key.\n4. Conduct a feasibility assessment of service delivery providers.\n5. Understand local conditions prior to selecting delivery mechanism and think longer-term.\n6. Consider ways to increase mobile money viability and use.\n7. Advocate where possible and appropriate.\n\nTo select a service provider and define service-level\nagreements, CVA implementers should: \n1. Select an FSP that is appropriate for the specific implementation location.\n2. Ensure service level agreements are clear, cover what is required and are achievable.\n\nTo implement mobile money enabled CVA, CVA implementers should: \n1. Clearly define roles and responsibilities.\n2. Embed digital literacy training into mobile money enabled CVA programming.\n3. Provide ongoing support to recipients.\n4. Raise awareness of recipients of the potential benefits of mobile money use beyond receipt of CVA.\n5. Ensure adequate mechanisms are in place for liquidity management.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.gsma.com/mobilefordevelopment/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/Ethiopia_CCD_Report.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Financial Services", + "Technology", + "Telecommunications" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities", + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Flexibility and Pace", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge", + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "GSM Association (GSMA)" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Humanitarian Assistance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Landscape Analysis", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Formal Sector", + "Financial Institution, Investors, and Intermediaries" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2021" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "ARIANE VOLK", + "PRIYANKA VERMA", + "NOUHOUM TRAORE", + "NATSUKO TOBA", + "DAVIDE STRUSANI", + "SUSAN STARNES", + "PRAPTI SHERCHAN", + "MAUD SCHMITT", + "SOPHIE PEETERS", + "RUDABA NASIR", + "IBRAHIM NANA", + "KATHLEEN MIGNANO", + "MIGUEL PEREIRA MENDES", + "NISACHOL MEKHARAT", + "GIORGIO MANENTI", + "SHERILEE ANN LE MOTTEE", + "GEORGES VIVIEN HOUNGBONON", + "MARTIN HOMMES", + "SUSAN HOLLIDAY", + "SHABNAM HAMEED", + "ANITA GURGEL", + "ALEXIS GEANEOTES", + "SARAH EBRAHIMI", + "STEFAN APFALTER" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "2103-IFC-GLO", + "Document Title": "How Firms are Responding and Adapting During COVID-19 and Recovery: OPPORTUNITIES FOR ACCELERATED INCLUSION IN EMERGING MARKETS", + "Document Summary": "This report highlights opportunities for businesses in emerging markets to respond [to the COVID-19 crisis].", + "Key Findings": "In a post-COVID-19 era, development finance institutions can further support the scaling up of technology companies in emerging markets by intervening more upstream through the development of the enabling environment. In addition, the Private Equity Funds business model is well suited to help navigate companies out of economic crises, and Fund Managers can become partners in rebuilding sectors and economies through reducing equity funding gaps. Regarding smaller or independent companies, financing may require substantial support from development financial institutions. Such support would be critical to preserve competition, improve resilience, and promote digital inclusion for the poorest.\n", + "Key Recommendations": "In the health sector, efforts should focus on collaboration with decision makers at the country and global levels who are able to identify firms that can address the need for training healthcare workers to build capacity. In the financial sector, Development Finance Institutions should collaborate to support local banks. In addition, it is critical for the global development community to remain focused on supporting Fragile and Conflict-Affected Situations. ", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.ifc.org/wps/wcm/connect/publications_ext_content/ifc_external_publication_site/publications_listing_page/how+firms+are+responding+and+adapting+during+covid-19+and+recovery", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Financial Services", + "Business Services", + "Technology", + "Other" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments", + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;", + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "International Finance Corporation" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "COVID-19", + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Humanitarian Assistance" + ], + "Type of Document": "White Paper/Think Tank Report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Financial Institution, Investors, and Intermediaries", + "Local Business", + "Formal Sector" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2021" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Rose Mwebaza", + "Irma Juskenaite", + "Woo Jin Lee" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "2103-LEE-GLO", + "Document Title": "Public-Private Partnerships for Climate Technology Transfer and Innovation: Lessons from the Climate Technology Centre and Network", + "Document Summary": "This document reviews how the UN Climate Technology Center and Network works with the private sector. The center focuses on aligning with the SDGs to create a more sustainable future. The document shares two recommendations for public-private partnerships which include: enhance short-term partnerships to increase participation and use long-term partnerships to drive innovation.", + "Key Findings": "In this paper, the various roles of the private sector during climate technology development and transfer processes were successfully identified by analysing the previous Technical Assistances implemented by the private network members on the basis of staged innovation. Each role as technology implementor, incubator for technology scale-up and demonstration, and investor to diffuse the technology into the market was clearly revealed in each stage of technology outsourcing, technology demonstration, and technology diffusion during various CTCN Technical Assistance activities, respectively. Furthermore we evaluated the shared interest for the partnership between the CTCN and the private sector through in-depth interviews with major stakeholders including current and potential network members from the private sector, in addition to some government representatives. ", + "Key Recommendations": " Based on this analysis, we proposed two types of PPPs. Firstly, short-term PPPs and related activities were introduced to enhance the participation of the private sector as implementors in the technology\noutsourcing CTCN Technical Assistance activities. Then, long-term and corresponding activities for a sustainable private partnership were suggested to shift the private sector’s role to incubator or investor for market–pull innovation.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/6/3185", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Technology" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities", + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;", + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "MDPI" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Environment/Climate Change" + ], + "Type of Document": "Systematic review or Meta-analysis", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Formal Sector" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2021" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Judy Geyer", + "Betsy Ness-Edelstein", + "Denise Mainville" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Nigeria", + "Kenya", + "Zambia", + "Uganda" + ], + "Document ID": "2103-MAINV-MLT", + "Document Title": "Summary of Evaluator Findings and Lessons from AgResults Prize Competitions: 2013 to 2020", + "Document Summary": "AgResults is a US$152 million multilateral initiative that tests the use of payment-for-results (PfR) prize competitions as a means of catalysing markets for high-impact agricultural innovations that benefit smallholder farmers in developing countries. AgResults offers prizes to private sector actors (‘competitors’) to encourage them to engage in markets for these innovations. AgResults’ ultimate goal is to develop markets that serve smallholder farmers both during and after the project. To date, AgResults has sponsored nine prize competitions, of which four are complete and five are ongoing.\n\nThis report presents findings drawn from our evaluations of the first four prize competitions. (We use the terms ‘PfR competition’, ‘prize competition’, ‘competition,’ and ‘project’ interchangeably.) We frame the lessons as best practices for sponsors of future competitions. The four competitions discussed in this report cost $24.1 million1 and were all completed prior to 2020. The competitions in Nigeria and Kenya ran their full course, whereas the two in Zambia and Uganda were terminated early.", + "Key Findings": "Our overarching finding is that PfR projects can, indeed, spur the development of new markets for high-impact agricultural technologies that benefit poor farmers. Yet, prize competitions are not simple undertakings. Markets are complex and difficult to influence. There are many steps between prize creation and the birth of a sustainable and growing market. Prize sponsors must have a nuanced understanding of the market system and a clear theory of the causal linkages not only between the prize incentive and private sector investments, but also between private sector investments and the desired development impact. \n\nFirst, Findings: Impact on market development: \n\n1. AgResults successfully catalysed private sector engagement in markets for AgResults technologies or for products derived from those technologies.\n2. AgResults was most successful in catalysing market development in projects where the key constraints were within the manageable interest of the private sector once incentivized by the prize.\n3. The enabling environment was usually supportive or neutral to development of markets for AgResults-targeted technologies; however, at times government action or inaction impeded the market’s initial development or its sustainability.\n4. AgResults was most successful in engaging the private sector when the private sector perceived a strong business case for investing in the market.\n5. AgResults successfully promoted inclusion of smallholder farmers in targeted markets, either through explicit project rules or by leveraging the smallholder-inclusive nature of the underlying markets.\n6.AgResults had mixed results in terms of inclusion of women in the markets it developed.\n7. There are mixed indications about the likely sustainability of markets catalysed by AgResults.\n8. Sustainability appears to be enhanced when the private sector makes ‘lumpy’ investments that lead to economies of scale.\n\nSecond, Findings: Impact on smallholder farmers: \n\n1. AgResults competitors were able to substantially increase smallholder farmers’ adoption of the targeted technologies.\n2. Technology uptake sometimes, but not always, led to increases in farmer incomes. In Kenya, income impacts were negligible, mainly because farmers used the technology (improved on-farm storage) as a substitute for one they already had (pesticides).\n3. Some farmers also reported non-financial benefits related to adoption of the technology.\n4. The PfR approach left farmers with some gaps in their knowledge about use, consumption, and health benefits of the technologies.\n5. Women can face inherent disadvantages in market-based approaches like AgResults, but gender-sensitive project design can help offset these disadvantages.\n6. Certain farmer benefits were not realised to the extent projected, underscoring how farmer response to new technologies may differ from expectations.\n\nLastly, Findings: Cost and cost-effectiveness: \n\n1. PfR projects have a financial risk reduction benefit to sponsors since prize pay-outs happen only if results are achieved. At the same time, PfR projects involve some costs regardless of whether all prizes are paid out. In the\ntwo projects that were terminated early, sponsors’ costs for management, verification, and initial prizes amounted to 52% of what they had planned to spend on the projects.\n2. PfR projects incur costs to manage the competition, verify whether competitors meet prize requirements, and pay the prizes. The relative share of these costs varies considerably from project to project depending on the type of technology and design of the competition. In the two completed projects, for example, management costs were 44% of one project’s total costs and 25% of the other. Verification was 26% of one project’s costs and 7% of the other. Prizes amounted to 30% of one project’s costs and 69% of the other.\n3. Cost-effectiveness measures, such as cost per smallholder farmer adopting the technology, can provide useful insights if interpreted with care. Comparing costs across technologies or implementation contexts can be misleading, given that complexity, benefits, and costs of uptake are likely to differ.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://agresults.org/learning/66-summary-of-evaluator-findings-and-lessons-from-agresults-prize-competitions-2013-2020/file", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, and Hunting", + "Financial Services" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Efficiency and Effectiveness", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Denise Mainville Consulting", + "Abt Associates" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Agriculture and Food Security", + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "Impact Evaluation Report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Micro, Small, or Medium Enterprise" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2021" + }, + { + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "2103-OCHA-GLO", + "Document Title": "The Connecting Business initiative submission to the United Nations Secretary-General's High-Level Panel on Internal Displacement", + "Document Summary": "This paper outlines recommendations from the Connecting Business initiative (CBi) Secretariat to the High-Level Panel on International Displacement with a focus on leveraging private sector contributions to addressing internal displacement (i.e. thematic workstream #5 on private sector engagement). To align with the focus of the High-Level Panel, examples presented cover different contexts such as armed conflict and natural hazards.", + "Key Findings": "This paper outlines recommendations from the Connecting Business initiative (CBi)1 Secretariat to the High-Level Panel on International Displacement with a focus on leveraging private sector contributions to addressing internal displacement (i.e. thematic workstream #5 on private sector engagement). To align with the focus of the High-Level Panel, examples presented cover different contexts such as armed conflict and natural hazards.\n", + "Key Recommendations": "1)Recognize the role of local actors, including the local private sector\n2) Ensure coordination with the private sector\n3) Leverage the power of collective private sector action\n4)Scale what already exists and adapt examples to new contexts\n5) Adopt a holistic view on private sector engagement and look for win-win solutions", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.un.org/internal-displacement-panel/sites/www.un.org.internal-displacement-panel/files/final_cbi_submission_to_the_unsgs_high-level_panel_on_internal_displacement.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Business Services", + "Other" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Efficiency and Effectiveness", + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships", + "Risk-Mitigation and Flexible Authorities" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;", + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Connecting Business Initiative", + "UNDP", + "OCHA" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Conflict" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Humanitarian Assistance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Industry Publication", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Local Business", + "Regional Business", + "Formal Sector", + "Informal Sector" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2021" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Lori Kerr", + "Philippe Neves", + "Cindy Paladines", + "Samantha Power", + "Fiona Stewart", + "Vladimir Stenek", + "Elham Shabahat", + "Felipe Montoya Pino", + "Pepukaye Bardouille", + "Candela Blanco Vecchi", + "Sarah Lynagh", + "Arame Tall" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "2103-TALL-MLT", + "Document Title": "Enabling Private Investment in Climate Adaptation & Resilience", + "Document Summary": "This report discusses the benefits of governments prioritizing climate change adaptation, resilience objectives, and updating their commitments under the Paris Agreement to enhance their adaptation and resilience efforts. This report provides an overview of the current state of private sector investment in adaptation and resilience and the known barriers to such investment, then proposes a pragmatic Blueprint for Action for public and private stakeholders. The report emphasizes the need for intervention through policy, incentives, and standards, metrics, and regulations to enable private investment in climate change adaptation.", + "Key Findings": "Analyses by the Global Commission on Adaptation (GCA) have shown the benefits would be significant:\n1. Investing US$1.8 trillion globally in five target areas from 2020 to 2030 could produce US$7.1 trillion in total benefits. The five target areas are early warning systems, climate-resilient infrastructure, improved dryland agriculture crop production, global mangrove protection, and projects to make water resources more resilient.\n2. Spending US$800 million on early warning systems in developing countries could reduce climaterelated disaster losses by US$3–16 billion per year. \n\nYet investments in adaptation and resilience-building around the world continue to fall far short of documented needs. It is also increasingly clear that although public finance for adaptation has increased, it will not suffice. Private sector investment is critical to closing the adaptation finance gap. \n\nMuch remains to be learned, however, about how to unlock and enable private capital to help finance national and local adaptation priorities. There is growing knowledge of how the private sector is building its own climate resilience, but far less about its role in meeting broader adaptation financing needs. Building on pioneering literature identifying barriers to private sector investment in adaptation, this report aims to offer concrete guidance on how to overcome those barriers. \n\nGuidance for governments is particularly urgent as nations rebuild their economies in the post-COVID era. It is important to ensure that investments contribute to both near-term economic recovery and longer-term resilience, mainly by anticipating and managing the growing impacts of climate change on all economic sectors. This report provides an overview of the current state of private sector investment in adaptation and resilience and the known barriers to such investment, then proposes a pragmatic Blueprint for Action for public and private stakeholders. It identifies five key entry points as well as ways to create an enabling environment and illustrates each point with case studies.", + "Key Recommendations": "Governments can play a key role in addressing all three barriers, including by:\n1. Making localized climate risk and vulnerability data available and embedding climate risks in capital investment planning undertaken by governments and their development partners;\n2. Setting up effective institutional arrangements for multi-sector adaptation planning—a better articulation of adaptation and resilience goals at the national level, establishing the policies/regulations/standards, and articulating clear plans, including who will do what, where, when, and how—to enable private sector participation; and\n3. Strengthening financial incentives (or reducing risks/costs) for private participation—through public finance instruments such as blended finance, credit enhancement, and other targeted risk reduction or revenue-boosting measures.\n\nThe Blueprint describes three areas for intervention for public sector stakeholders: policy, incentives, and standards, metrics and regulations. It also identifies five entry points to enable private investment in adaptation:\n1. Support long-term adaptation planning, taking a whole-of government approach.\n2. Develop a national adaptation investment plan, which flows naturally from a well-developed national adaptation and resilience strategy, to outline a portfolio of projects that are ready for investment by public or private entities, domestic and international.\n3. Conduct a market assessment and screen the pipeline for “bankable” projects for different investors.\n4. Provide ongoing support for project preparation.\n5. Support individual projects to close the transaction.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/bitstream/handle/10986/35203/Enabling-Private-Investment-in-Climate-Adaptation-and-Resilience-Current-Status-Barriers-to-Investment-and-Blueprint-for-Action.pdf?sequence=5&isAllowed=y", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, and Hunting", + "Business Services", + "Energy", + "Financial Services", + "Technology" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Ability to Influence Policy", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Advancing Learning and Market Research;", + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;", + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery", + "World Bank" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "COVID-19" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Agriculture and Food Security", + "Economic Growth", + "Environment/Climate Change" + ], + "Type of Document": "Industry Publication", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Micro, Small, or Medium Enterprise", + "Financial Institution, Investors, and Intermediaries", + "Business Association or Cooperative" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2021" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Jeanna Holtz", + "Sean Callahan" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Tanzania", + "Nigeria", + "Kenya" + ], + "Document ID": "2103-USAID_MLT", + "Document Title": "Public-Private Partnerships for Family Planning Commodities", + "Document Summary": "This brief highlight country experiences with commodity partnerships for family planning in Kenya, Nigeria, and Tanzania. It documents approaches used to place government-managed commodities into the hands of private providers and ultimately the women seeking the method. It examines factors that motivated public and private actors to pursue partnerships to enable private sector provision of long-acting reversible contraceptives, and how well the implementation of the partnerships aligned with those motivations. The brief discusses the challenges and lessons learned from this experience, and concludes with reflections about when and how donors and governments might decide to replicate, improve, or scale up these partnerships.", + "Key Findings": "- Commodity partnerships are stronger when governments and private providers co-create formal terms of engagement.\n- Commodity partnerships require comprehensive investments in capacity-building interventions.\n- Intermediaries can facilitate commodity partnerships.\n- Demand creation supports commodity partnerships.\n- Governments and stakeholders need to understand the specific challenges they want to address and design appropriate interventions.\n- Partnerships need a vision for long-term sustainability.\n\nMany governments and donors support the use of public-private\npartnerships to distribute publicly managed commodities through\nthe private health sector to overcome barriers to access for the\nfull range of family planning methods. This brief draws on country\nexperiences with commodity partnerships for family planning\nin Kenya, Nigeria, and Tanzania. It documents approaches used\nto place government-managed commodities into the hands of\nprivate providers and ultimately the women seeking the method. It\nexamines factors that motivated public and private actors to pursue\npartnerships to enable private sector provision of long-acting\nreversible contraceptives, and how well the implementation of the\npartnerships aligned with those motivations. The brief discusses the challenges and lessons learned from this experience, and concludes with reflections about when and how donors and governments might decide to replicate, improve, or scale up these partnerships.", + "Key Recommendations": "Public-private commodity partnerships come with trade-offs for governments and private providers. On the one hand, they can lower costs and increase access to family planning and other essential services in the private sector. On the other, they can be costly to start, maintain, and scale up. They may unintentionally delay or disrupt the development of a more sustainable private commodity market. Policy makers and donors need to reflect on these tradeoffs and the goals of their family planning programs when deciding if a partnership makes sense, and if so, how to move forward. Key considerations are listed below:\n\n- The level of demand for family planning overall and for LARCs\nspecifically.\n- Specific barriers limiting availability of LARCs in the private sector.\n- Capacity of public supply chains to manage procurement and\ndistribution.\n- Availability of complementary investments.\n\nBy taking into account the country contexts and lessons identified in this brief, governments and donors can design better-functioning partnerships that meet the needs of providers and clients, and strengthen national family planning programs.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://shopsplusproject.org/sites/default/files/resources/Public-Private%20Partnerships%20for%20Family%20Planning%20Commodities.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Financial Services", + "Health Care" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Ability to Influence Policy", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Advancing Learning and Market Research;", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;", + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID", + "Abt Associates" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Health" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "For-profit approach that generates sustainable income", + "Business Association or Cooperative", + "Financial Institution, Investors, and Intermediaries" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2021" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "2103-USAID-GLO", + "Document Title": "E3 Analytics and Evaluation Project", + "Document Summary": "From September 2013 to March 2021, the E3 Analytics and Evaluation Project delivered rigorous evaluation and other analytic technical assistance to USAID’s Bureau for Economic Growth, Education, and Environment (E3) and other Agency operating units working in E3 sectors. \n\nUSAID clients from across and outside E3 technical offices took advantage of this breadth of assistance to commission 121 activities during the life of the project. These activities informed some of the E3 Bureau’s most challenging and ambitious technical work across the diverse sectors and regions in which the Bureau was active. The scope and technical complexity of activities under the project varied immensely. They ranged from rigorous, multiyear impact evaluations to broad, whole-of-project type evaluations of complex portfolios to metaanalyses that synthesized existing evidence and lessons learned to be more accessible to busy decision-makers.\n\nIt would be impossible for any report to capture the enormous range of activities the project team delivered over seven-and-a-half years. Instead, this report highlights a few notable activities and some innovative tools and resources and useful lessons learned that were generated through the project’s services and products.", + "Key Findings": "The E3 Bureau lacked a common definition or conceptual framework for capacity development, which limited understanding and application of\nthe principles that underlie effective capacity development support.\nWhile capacity development is a core part of USAID’s work, E3 staff primarily described it in terms of training. This raised concerns about the ability of staff to differentiate between stronger and weaker approaches to capacity development given a set of desired development outcomes. The effectiveness of capacity development practices often depends on how they are\nimplemented. For example, organizational twinning can be highly effective, but the “twins” need to be well chosen and the relationship needs to be mutually beneficial and well managed.\n\nFurther, incentives that may be effective for eliciting some behavior may undermine intrinsic motivations if they are improperly structured. The E3 Capacity Development Assessment further identified more than 50 promising practices in capacity development that can be modeled, tested, and promoted on a Bureau-wide—and possibly Agency-wide—basis. It also included a statement of work rater’s guide that E3 staff can use to review statements of work that include a capacity development component.\n\nOnce the assessment was completed, the project team disseminated the results and lessons learned to Bureau senior staff specific to each E3 technical office and presented key findings to influential external resources such as Devex and the International Society for Performance Improvement. This assessment exemplifies how a mixed-methods study that combines meta-analysis and office-specific research can delve into how organizational practices and culture affect the use and results of certain development approaches.", + "Key Recommendations": "The project’s midterm performance evaluation of USAID’s West Africa Trade and Investment Hub investigated the sustainability of Agency support to trade associations across multiple countries. A review of third-party financial audits, interviews with association leaders and members, and Trade Hub monitoring data painted a mixed picture. These associations provided members with expected benefits such as flashy brochures, lobbying power, and a single point of contact when dealing with buyers and governments. Yet the associations needed USAID’s support for three-quarters of their funding to stay operational.\n\nTwo land tenure evaluations conducted by the project team specifically addressed how recognizing land rights affects smallholder farmers’ engagement with the private sector across two domains: credit access and contract farming. While both evaluations found that formalizing customary land use led to changes in perceptions around land, neither evaluation reported increased private sector engagement in the form of credit access or contract farming.\n\nLand is not just many peoples’ most critical asset; it is often a foundational part of their identity. It is important to keep this in mind when considering\nhow soon one can expect to see the benefits of economic growth activities. In a midterm evaluation of one of USAID’s flagship blended finance activities, the project team found that relatively little investment had been mobilized. USAID staff, however, felt that the activity added huge value through small-\nscale technical support, such as due diligence, procurement facilitation, and connecting USAID with new partners. In thinking about what success looks like, it was critical to appropriately define expectations. The headline here was not, “no investments were made,” but rather, “niche support for pre-investment activities was provided at scale.”", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00XCR6.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, and Hunting", + "Educational Services" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "MSI", + "NORC at the University of Chicago", + "Palladium" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID From the American People" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "COVID-19", + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Conflict" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Humanitarian Assistance", + "Education and Social Services", + "Economic Growth", + "Environment/Climate Change" + ], + "Type of Document": "Impact Evaluation Report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Regional Business", + "Micro, Small, or Medium Enterprise" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2021" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Sarah Romorini", + "Emily Mangone" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Tanzania" + ], + "Document ID": "2103-USAID-MLT", + "Document Title": "Private Sector Engagement in National Health Management Information Systems: Barriers, Strategies, and Global Case Studies", + "Document Summary": "HMIS is the foundation for effective oversight, management, and provision of health information, products, and services in a country. This report establishes a framework for examining and supporting private sector participation in a national health management information system (HMIS). The framework identifies common barriers to private provider engagement in a national HMIS, shares global case studies, and offers actionable recommendations to governments, private providers, donors, and implementing partners.", + "Key Findings": "A national health management information system (HMIS) is the\nfoundation for effective oversight, management, and provision of\nhealth information, products, and services in a country. The private\nsector is often a significant source of health products and services,\nyet few countries have fully galvanized routine reporting by private\nhealth care providers. This results in incomplete data on the types,\nvolumes, and quality of services and products delivered through\nprivate sector channels and limits the ability of public health officials to effectively engage and steward both the public and private health sectors. To address this gap, this report establishes a framework for examining and supporting private sector participation in a national HMIS. The framework identifies common barriers to private provider engagement in a national HMIS, shares global case studies, and offers actionable recommendations to governments, private providers, donors, and implementing partners.\n\nLooking forward:\n- There is not a one-size-fits-all approach to private sector inclusion.\n- An inclusive national HMIS requires significant resources and prioritization.\n- Reporting must align with operational priorities and practices.\n- Inclusion of frontline providers in an HMIS is increasingly important.\n- Integration of parallel health information systems can enhance private sector reporting.\n- Market-based solutions may incentivize sustainable private sector reporting.\n- Technology plays an important supportive role in HMIS inclusion.", + "Key Recommendations": "- MOH: Operationalize and enforce policies that motivate timely and complete routine reporting in the private sector.\n- MOH and private provider: Define how private sector data will be used.\n- MOH: Engage non-clinical facilities providing essential services.\n- Private provider: Join or form a private sector health association.\n- MOH and private provider: Engage private providers in an HMIS steering committee and an HMIS community of practice.\n- MOH and private provider: Develop an action plan.\n- MOH: Conduct a private sector census to complete MFL.\n- MOH: Require alignment of priority indicators across all stakeholders working with private providers.\n- MOH: Support integration between the national DHIS2 instance and all other DHIS2 instances that capture private facility data.\n- MOH: Configure direct reporting in DHIS2.\n- MOH: Create a DHIS2 training instance for private providers.\n- MOH: Equitably distribute reporting tools for all registered facilities.\n- MOH and private provider: Explore alternative submission arrangements for paper reporting forms.\n- MOH and private provider: Develop digital solutions to facilitate reporting.\n- MOH: Create modular reporting forms to reflect private sector services.\n- Private provider: Identify priority indicators for feedback.\n- MOH: Provide electronic and paper-based feedback reports at district and regional levels.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://shopsplusproject.org/sites/default/files/resources/Private%20Sector%20Engagement%20in%20National%20HMIS_Barriers%2C%20Strategies%2C%20and%20Global%20Case%20Studies.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Business Services", + "Educational Services", + "Health Care" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Efficiency and Effectiveness", + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Ability to Influence Policy", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Advancing Learning and Market Research;", + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID", + "Abt Associates" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "COVID-19" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Education and Social Services", + "Health" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "For-profit Commercial Entity", + "Business Association or Cooperative", + "Formal Sector", + "Informal Sector" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2021" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Sudan" + ], + "Document ID": "2103-USAID-SND", + "Document Title": "USAID Bureau for Humanitarian Assistance (BHA) Sudan: Private Sector Landscape Assessment (PSLA)", + "Document Summary": "The humanitarian and development communities are beginning to engage the private sector more effectively, recognizing the skills, networks, and expertise companies can bring to disaster responses. Simultaneously, business leaders are seeking ways to partner with the development community to channel their capabilities and resources toward sustainable development. Given these shifts, the US Agency for International Development (USAID) Bureau for Humanitarian Assistance (BHA) sought support from the Promoting Excellence in Private Sector Engagement (PEPSE) project to conduct a private sector landscape assessment (PSLA) in Sudan. The main\nobjective of the PSLA was to gain an increased understanding of the private sector landscape in Sudan, as well as private sector perspectives on challenges and opportunities relevant to USAID/BHA’s objectives in Sudan.", + "Key Findings": "To gain a broad representation of the Sudanese private sector as it relates to potential humanitarian sector alignment, the PSLA team documented recurring feedback from interviewees related to the private sector’s relationship to and engagement with development initiatives and humanitarian assistance in Sudan, which is summarized below:\n\n● Flooding is a primary disaster concern for the private sector, and many companies focus their CSR efforts on flood relief.\n● The lack of energy access is a major barrier for reaching and developing remote areas.\n● The lack of access to finance is a challenge for all sectors, but especially for small-scale farmers and MSMEs.\n● The lack of access to skilled workers is a challenge for larger companies.\n● A strong market push towards livestock presents a potential shift to future investment.\n● Advancements in the technology sector create opportunities for innovative humanitarian solutions.\n● A lack of sustainable storage infrastructure and warehousing is a major obstacle for supply chains.", + "Key Recommendations": "The PSLA highlighted several opportunities for both ways USAID/BHA can best approach the Sudanese private sector for potential partnership, as well as shared-value partnerships that advance the business goals of companies while also supporting USAID/BHA prioritized development objectives. These opportunities are summarized below.\n\nWays of working with the private sector: \n\n● Build trust to develop partnerships. Try to understand the world views and motivations of the private sector.\n● Find a common language. Establish an understanding of USAID/BHA’s mandate and objectives, ask questions when there is uncertainty, and explain partnership rationale.\n● Include the private sector in the co-design process, either as a resource partner or as an implementing partner.\n● Set clear expectations and maintain transparency around timelines. Ensure clarity and transparency around processes, timelines, and contractual expectations.\n\nShort- and Medium-Term Opportunities: \n\n● Leverage RISING model to expand resilience. Build off the existing RISING partnership model to expand the humanitarian areas it covers.\n● Support microfinance / agricultural finance. Facilitate the expansion of agricultural finance to rural and marginalized small-holder and contract farmers; encourage finance\ncompanies to meet the 12% legal microfinance requirement; connect finance companies with organizations that can help them understand needed financial products.\n● Encourage energy access for remote areas. Deploy renewable energy solutions as part of humanitarian relief; work with renewable energy companies to identify the sector’s\nneeds for expanding solar energy solutions; consider renewable energy as a complementary component of holistic solutions.\n● Invest in innovation and technology. Work with startups and entrepreneurs to fund, design, and co-create innovative solutions for farmers and vulnerable populations.\n● Resilient warehousing and sustainable housing. Support the capacity and reach of construction companies to provide sustainable warehousing and housing solutions for farmers and rural populations; leverage the interest of agriculture companies in building warehouses and storage facilities to partner on these initiatives; support farming cooperatives to communally store their grain and other products for purchase.\n● Support the shift to livestock. Expand the market push towards the cattle and poultry value chains by encouraging conglomerates to apply the contract farming model to livestock; explore the hyde and leather value chains; consider support through ecosystem-focused partnerships that also address market strengthening, finance, training, etc.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00XFM3.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, and Hunting", + "Financial Services", + "Energy", + "Transportation and Warehousing", + "Fast Moving Consumer Goods", + "Telecommunications" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Flexibility and Pace", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities", + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge", + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Humanitarian Assistance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Landscape Analysis", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Micro, Small, or Medium Enterprise", + "Large Enterprise" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2021" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA)" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "2104-OCHA-GLO", + "Document Title": "From Digital Promise to Frontline Practice: New and Emerging Technologies in Humanitarian Action", + "Document Summary": "This study examines opportunities for solving technology-related problems across the humanitarian programme cycle, challenges posed by new and emerging technologies in humanitarian contexts, and enablers of technology in the humanitarian sector. It is divided into three main sections. The first section highlights key opportunities and challenges of individual technologies identified as particularly relevant for transforming the delivery of humanitarian assistance in the coming years.", + "Key Recommendations": "Inclusion and Localization: Empower communities and bridge the digital divide; People-Centred Design and Leadership: Work with and for users; Data, Capability, and Skills: Ensure the basics are in place; Data Responsibility and the Humanitarian Principles: First, do no harm; Collaboration and Coordination: Form lasting partnerships; Law and Policy: Take an enabling, rights based approach; Investment and Scaling: Measure impact and target long-term solutions.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.unocha.org/sites/unocha/files/OCHA%20Technology%20Report.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Technology" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships", + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge", + "Reputation and Credible Convening Power" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;", + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "OCHA" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Humanitarian Assistance" + ], + "Type of Document": "White Paper/Think Tank Report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "For-profit Commercial Entity" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2021" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Sweta Velpillay", + "Jasper Peet-Martel", + "Mie Roesdahl" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "2104-ROESD-GLO", + "Document Title": "A Global System in Flux: Pursuing Systems Change for Locally-Led Peacebuilding", + "Document Summary": "This analysis discusses how the private sector can be involved in peacebuilding. The analysis found that in order to create more sustainable peace, local peacebuilding efforts will need to increase. Strengthening local peacebuilding efforts will cause an “upstream” chain of power, which will aid positive change. International support is needed to support the policies that need to be put in place and more funding needs to be allocated to support locally led peacebuilding efforts.", + "Key Findings": "The analysis begins in Chapter 2 by providing an overview of the status and trends in peacebuilding and specifically locally-led peacebuilding. This chapter unfolds a nonexhaustive review of the current key frameworks and policies that underpin the global peacebuilding system as we know it today, as well as providing an overview of key challenges and outlining some of the most common systemic dysfunctionalities of the current global system of support for locally-led peacebuilding.\nChapter 3 then builds on this analysis and takes a wider perspective on some of the emerging societal and geopolitical global trends within which the peace and development system operates, seeking to illuminate key areas to track which are likely to have an impact of systems change for locally-led peacebuilding.\nChapter 4 takes a deep dive into the global peacebuilding system, its structures, key actors, their potential for change and the critical importance of their interlinkages as it relates to support for locally-led peacebuilding. The importance of looking beyond institutional entities and to the change agents within and outside these entities is furthermore discussed.\nChapter 5 pivots to an analysis of a spectrum (nested paradigm) of different approaches of direct support to locally-led peacebuilding to broader systems change in the service of local peacebuilding. Furthermore, organisational approaches, or ways of working, that align with the values of and enable locally-led peacebuilding are discussed.", + "Key Recommendations": "This report concludes with 11 \"calls to action\":\n\nSystemic challenges and obstacles to change:\n1. INSTITUTIONAL CHALLENGES: There is a need to change the structures, practices, and attitudes that sustain these challenges.\n\n2. BROADER SYSTEMIC CHALLENGES: There is a need to address both\nthe internal and external dynamics influencing the possibility for change and focus on multiple aspects of the system including the operational dimensions of international institutions and the political pressures from nationalist donor constituencies.\n\nChanging institutional ways of working:\n3. SUSTAINED ENGAGEMENT FOR CHANGE: In order to address this need, some funders have begun innovating and testing longer-term timeframes for support to actors engaged in systems change, however this must be pursued not as a one-off innovation effort but rather as a long-term and sustained way of working.\n\n4. WALKING THE TALK: Transforming organisations to be better fit for supporting locally-led peacebuilding will require self-reflection on how structures, practices and attitudes can be adapted and changed. And it requires daring to take concrete steps to elicit change– beyond the mounting talk about ‘decolonising aid’ among peers.\n\nPursuing change that has a real impact for locally-led peacebuilding:\n5. MOVING BEYOND LESSONS LEARNED: There is a need to rethink\nstrategies of how lessons learned on promising practices can inspire broader systems change.\n6. MOVING BEYOND POLICY CHANGE: It is necessary to focus\non systems change efforts beyond policy engagement which would imply more long-term and accompanying engagement.\n\nNew frontiers for change:\n7. REIMAGINING THE GLOBAL PEACEBUILDING SYSTEM: The time is ripe to pursue processes to reimagine the peacebuilding system, developing new principles for how to support locally-led peacebuilding, and\noperationalising these reimagined change visions and principles within the existing structures as well as in new types of structures.\n8. SENSE-MAKING IN A GLOBAL SYSTEM IN FLUX: The challenges and\nopportunities it creates, requires sustained analysis, sensing and sense-making, as well as strategic reflection, navigating in uncertainty, and emergent adaptive action.\n\nCollaborating to drive change:\n9. COMPLEMENTARITIES AND COLLECTIVE ACTION: There is a need to actively seek complementarity among multiple actors pursuing different approaches and seeking change through diverse leverage points.\n10. GLOBAL CONVENING SPACES FOR LOCALLY- LED PEACEBUILDING: The role and importance of global alliances and platforms in pursuing the\nagenda of locally-led peacebuilding should be explored further to enable the unfolding of these spaces to shape the agenda and influence those who need to take action to enable locally-led peacebuilding.\n11. CHANGE AGENTS AT THE CORE OF SYSTEMS CHANGE: The main aim for those of us taking on a catalytic role in supporting broader systems change is therefore to create space for change agents to unfold their\npotential for systems change, individually and collectively.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.conducivespace.org/a-global-system-in-flux-pursuing-systems-change-for-locally-led-peacebuilding/", + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Humanity United", + "African Visionary Fund" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Flexibility and Pace", + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge", + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments", + "Reputation and Credible Convening Power", + "Risk-Mitigation and Flexible Authorities" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Conducive Space For Peace" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "COVID-19", + "Conflict" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Peace & Security" + ], + "Type of Document": "Landscape Analysis", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Micro, Small, or Medium Enterprise", + "Local Business" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2021" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Indonesia" + ], + "Document ID": "2104-USAID-IDN", + "Document Title": "Success Story: Jakarta disaster contingency planning and private sector participation", + "Document Summary": "This is a 2-page USAID success story of the Jakarta disaster contingency planning and private sector participation.", + "Key Findings": "Overall, linking government and private sector upstream in the disaster planning and policy process increases the participation of businesses and business networks in disaster management.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://miyamotointernational.com/wp-content/uploads/USAID-ADVANCE-Story-2-PSE-in-DRM_Apr-2021_TO-2019_09b-FINAL.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Other" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Efficiency and Effectiveness", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Humanitarian Assistance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "For-profit Commercial Entity" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Asia" + ], + "Year": "2021" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Declan Conway", + "Joanes Atela", + "Florenca Crick", + "Kate Elizabeth Gannon" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Kenya" + ], + "Document ID": "2105-GANNO-KEN", + "Document Title": "What role for multi-stakeholder partnerships in adaptation to climate change? Experiences from private sector adaptation in Kenya", + "Document Summary": "This document looks at the role multi-stakeholder partnerships take in regards to climate change in Kenya. Multi-stakeholder partnerships can help small businesses by delivering them resources they need to be eco-friendly. This partnership does have the potential to hurt small businesses since it exposes businesses to new risks and can exclude poor groups. They also heavily rely on donor organizations for funding and effectiveness.", + "Key Findings": "-MSPs can mobilise a wide range of private sector actors to deliver adaptation goods.\n-MSPs can overcome barriers to adaptation for SMEs in remote regions.\n-MSPs can expose SMEs to new risks and vulnerabilities.\n-MSPs may help upscale SME adaptation through more integrated approaches.\n-MSPs may necessitate rethinking donor programming to enable ongoing monitoring.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212096321000486", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Business Services" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Ability to Influence Policy" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;", + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment", + "Advancing Learning and Market Research;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Elsevier" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Environment/Climate Change", + "Humanitarian Assistance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Micro, Small, or Medium Enterprise" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2021" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "A. Revi", + "K. Ramakrishna", + "F. Bayat-Renoux", + "H. de Coninck", + "Y Glemarec", + "J.C. Hourcade" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "2105-HOUR-GLO", + "Document Title": "Scaling up climate finance in the context of Covid-19", + "Document Summary": "This publication aims to help financial decision-makers incorporate climate change in the valuation of financial assets and accelerate the transition to a net-zero, climate resilient economy, based on the latest scientific findings and policy developments. The report discusses the climate physical and transition risks associated with different climate mitigation and adaptation pathways and their financial implications, whether the financial system will be able to redirect private capital at the needed scale in the absence of policy interventions and presents past and on-going efforts to align finance with the sustainable development goals and the Paris Agreement, and proposes four interventions to achieve this objective in the context of COVID-19. ", + "Key Findings": "Accelerating the transition to reduce emissions along a P1 or P2 pathway is required to maximize development co-benefits and achieve both the Paris Agreement and the SDGs. The P1 and P2 pathways, which entail reducing energy demand and improving energy efficiency, are technical feasible for both adaptation and mitigation. Financing a P1 or P2 pathway will require significantly more investment and investment in a different set of low emission, climate resilient assets.\n\nHowever, inertia on the part of the financial system means that in the absence of policy interventions, the financial system will not be able to redirect carbon private capital on the needed scale. This will lead towards a P3 or P4 scenario with greater tension with sustainable development outcomes and more severe overshoots cannot be excluded. The Covid-19 pandemic exacerbates this inertia, and with the large fiscal stimulus measures, ‘colourless’ investments co ld tip the world beyond the 1.5°C threshold within a decade and the 2°C limit soon after 2050.\n\nTo avoid this irreversible outcome, financial flows must first be shifted towards a P1 and P2 pathway. This can be achieved through a combination of market fixing and shaping efforts. Deploying both approaches in tandem helps overcome the constraints inherent to each approach and increase the overall efficiency and effectiveness of public policies and finance to scale up climate action.\n\nSecond, four strategic interventions could enable developing countries to address the additional economic and financial challenges created by the pandemic for developing countries to realize their climate ambitions. Together these four interventions – support to integrated and costed climate policy and plans; alleviating developing countries’ debt burden; leveraging sovereign and multi-country guarantee funds; and increasing developing countries’ access to the green bond market – would enable developing countries to foster a green, climate resilient recovery from the Covid-19 crisis.\n\nThese four immediate actions could also have a structural positive impact on the future climate policy architecture. They could a) facilitate the deployment of carbon pricing since de-risking mechanisms will increase the volume of low-carbon investments at a given carbon price; b) magnify the impact of financial transparency and disclosure though the emergence of investments and asset classes of higher credibility; c) reduce the fragmentation of climate and development finance; and d) enhance the capacity of official climate and development assistance to support nonmarketable services.", + "Key Recommendations": "1. Integrating policies on climate action, sustainable development, and Covid-19 stimulus to minimize incremental investment requirements and optimize development co-benefits\n\n2. Alleviating developing countries’ debt burden to create fiscal space to finance their green, climate-resilient recovery plans\n\n3. Leveraging sovereign and multi-country guarantee funds to reduce investment risk and catalyse private finance\n\n4. Increasing developing countries’ access to the green bond market", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pure.iiasa.ac.at/id/eprint/17244/1/scaling-climate-finance-context-covid-19-full-report.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, and Hunting", + "Business Services", + "Energy", + "Financial Services", + "Health Care", + "Technology", + "Transportation and Warehousing" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Ability to Influence Policy", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Advancing Learning and Market Research;", + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Green Climate Fund" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "COVID-19" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Agriculture and Food Security", + "Economic Growth", + "Environment/Climate Change", + "Health" + ], + "Type of Document": "White Paper/Think Tank Report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Corporate Foundation", + "Financial Institution, Investors, and Intermediaries", + "Regional Business", + "Multi-national Business" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2021" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Regina Scheyvens", + "Emma Hughes" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Fiji" + ], + "Document ID": "2105-HUGHE-FJI-pr", + "Document Title": "Tourism partnerships: Harnessing tourist compassion to ‘do good’\nthrough community development in Fiji", + "Document Summary": "\nHotels offer tourists several opportunities to give back to the community they are enjoying while they are on vacation. Resorts often meet their social responsibilities to communities by inviting their guests to make donations to support a local need, buy products made by local artisans and entrepreneurs, or participate in environmental activities.However, this strategy often fails to address the host communities’ most pressing needs and inequalities. \n\nPublished in 2021, this case study examines the perspectives of communities in Fiji on initiatives led by two luxury hotels Nadi and the Coral Coast to support local schools. Specifically, the authors documented the everyday involvement of hotel staff and volunteer in community projects for 2 months in order to understand the scope of their contribution and conducted semi-structured interviews with school staff and members of non-profit organizations to examine the effectiveness of hotel initiatives. The report focuses on explaining the activities implemented by hotel management and staff to get donations from guests and discusses the true effect of fostering a sense of compassion and altruism in tourists. \n\nThe document exemplifies the need to incorporate community direction and priorities when engaging the private sector in order to ensure that a resource, like tourists' time and money, is effectively catalyzed. Specifically, the authors explore how partnering with NGOs may allow hotels to harness tourist altruism in a way that supports local needs in a more effective, community-centered way.", + "Key Findings": "This article has explored the tension between the commodification of tourist desire to ‘do good’ in destination communities and a commitment on the part of tourism businesses to sustainable tourism development, adding to the literature on critical tourism studies, and extending critical voluntourism literature to the examination of tourist involvement in community development. Evidence shows that tourist compassion is commodified by tourism companies in the pursuit of meeting changing tourist demands, as well as to contribute visibly to their community support efforts and maintain good relationships with nearby communities. The drive to create opportunities for tourists to contribute to community development effectively commodifies the desire to ‘to good’ and shifts the responsibility from hotels to tourists to counter unsustainable development and poverty in destination communities. The assistance offered is then rather superficial and does not necessarily meet the priorities of communities. To address actual needs and the structural causes of poverty and inequality in order to produce change is likely to be too uncomfortable and difficult for tourists. It might also require addressing tourist behaviour. This is inconsistent with the notion of the ‘feel-good’ tourist experience.", + "Key Recommendations": "In terms of meeting the SDGs, we suggest that a more critical approach needs to be taken to tourism partnerships, with further research needed to examine the development impacts of tourism partnerships, and the role of tourists in these partnerships. We see some evidence of mobilising and sharing knowledge and expertise and examples of some effective private sector-civil society partnerships. There is less evidence of creating space for local leadership. Critical analysis is needed from tourism scholars to consider how tourism partnerships can best meet the SDGs. \n\nWe conclude that if tourist compassion is to be harnessed to benefit host destinations, then tourist companies must acknowledge local leadership and be open to alternative approaches that allow for community agency. By stepping outside of the imperative to feel good and look good in order to do good, tourists can also open up possibilities for increased empathy with destination communities whilst making space for community development aspirations to come to the fore.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0305750X21001418", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Hospitality/Tourism" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge", + "Reputation and Credible Convening Power" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;", + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Elsevier" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Humanitarian Assistance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "For-profit Commercial Entity" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Asia" + ], + "Year": "2021" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Catarina Mauritti Granjo" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "2105-MAURI-GLO", + "Document Title": "Humanitarian Action and the digital age ", + "Document Summary": "This paper analyses the benefits of technology in the framework of humanitarian action by first investigating its place within the global context of current events. Since the beginning of the century, innovative approaches have been greatly encouraged as a response to the need for the modernization of relief provision. Technology carries great potential to positively impact the future of humanity and, by extension, humanitarian action. Nevertheless, it is vital that transformation through technological innovation involve a human-centered approach. To demonstrate this, three technologies are selected and investigated based on characteristics that make\nthem especially suited to humanitarian action: Artificial Intelligence for Humanitarian Action, Flying Labs, and Smart Communities. It is held that these suggest a yet unrealised potential to establish long term solutions to the challenges of meeting local needs and, thereby, augmenting community resilience. Fundamentally, a set of widely recognized guiding principles are now of vital significance if technologies are to function without incurring the costs resulting from the disconnection between aid givers and affected communities, but instead, act as a catalyst for increased cooperation among all sectors while still maintaining the true priorities of HA.", + "Key Findings": "As demonstrated by the three technologies investigated in this paper, holistic applications of technology in HA already exist and have been shown to function well in the field. Microsoft’s AI platform suggests that it is possible for people and machines to work together in a centre-based human approach while achieving faster and more effective results in relief. Flying Labs illustrates how technology can bring innovation to the field, and that, when used inclusively, it can potentially create global equity which will benefit individuals as well as whole communities. Seen in its early stages of development Flying Labs may be considered low priority, however, in time it will come to be regarded as an essential tool in empowering populations. Lastly, Smart Cities confirms the viability of flexible infrastructures that create circular economies. In addition to their capacity for self-empowerment, neglected communities have often testified to the resilience of the people themselves.", + "Key Recommendations": "Since the beginning of the century, innovation has been \nincreasingly considered a fundamental element of HA systems with the potential to positively impact its future. Nevertheless, transformation through technological innovation must involve a human-centered approach and must employ “an iterative process that identifies, adjusts and diffuses ideas for improving humanitarian action” while at the same time taking affected communities into full consideration.\n\n Many challenges still lie ahead, especially in contexts where a deep reflection on ethical implications is crucial to the responsible use of technologies on the ground, and further analysis is required on the approaches and adaptations institutions demonstrate as regards to technology. Putting people first is the central pivot upon which balances the altruism of aid and the misconception that modernization will lead to a better future in relief. Equilibrium may be maintained by adhering to principles that prioritise people above all else.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://repositorio.iscte-iul.pt/bitstream/10071/22761/4/workingPaper_hdl22761.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Technology" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Western Union", + "MasterCard", + "Microsoft" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities", + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment", + "Advancing Learning and Market Research;", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "CIES-Iscte" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "COVID-19" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Humanitarian Assistance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Landscape Analysis", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Large Enterprise", + "Formal Sector", + "Multi-national Business" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2021" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Frisner PIERRE" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Haiti" + ], + "Document ID": "2105-PIERR-HTI", + "Document Title": "FY 2016 HAITI Food for Progress Project Midterm Evaluation", + "Document Summary": "The Kabos project, funded by USDA, carried out by CRS, in the South and Grand’Anse departments of Haiti, aims at improving cocoa farming\npractices in an environment-friendly fashion. The mid-term evaluation finds that 50% of the project budget is already spent, and 63% of its objectives is achieved. The effects of the project are concrete and noticeable. It has provided assistance during the post-Matthew recovery phase, contributed to\nfood security, created income opportunities, increased resilience within communities, especially through the implementation of sustainable environment protection measures. The targeted communities have taken ownership of the project. Nearly 7500 beneficiaries are motivated to continue with the activities at the end of the project. The evaluation reveals that the objectives remain very relevant; the project is implemented in an efficient manner; Also, the management of resources is deemed efficient in spite of the slow administrative procedure that decelerated field momentum. The evaluation recommends a change of priorities which would call for modification of current strategies, reorganization of the staff role, and the involvement of other actors.", + "Key Findings": "The mid-term evaluation finds that 50% of the project budget is already spent, and 63% of its objectives is achieved. The effects of the project are concrete and noticeable. It has provided assistance during the post-Matthew recovery phase, contributed to food security, created income opportunities, increased resilience within communities, especially through the implementation of sustainable environment protection measures.", + "Key Recommendations": "1. The direct beneficiaries highly recommend the reinforcement of the technical assistance for cocoa production.\n\nStrategic Recommendations:\n1. An extension without any additional cost, to December 31th, 2022 is recommended.\n2. A strategic move toward getting closer to the Ministry of Agriculture for the reinforcement of institutional anchor would be a rewarding strategy for a gradual and orderly demobilization.\n3. Strategic alliances with other actors in the field are necessary for a better coordination and the possibility to transfer the consolidation of achievements to partners who are going to stay longer in the field.\n4. The extension of social networking with local organizations, enterprises operating in transformation, in cocoa industry would be recommended in order to facilitate the continuation of activities after the project.\n", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00XJSC.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, and Hunting" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "AYITIKA: Terroirs de Cacao" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "U.S Department of Agriculture" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "COVID-19" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Agriculture and Food Security", + "Humanitarian Assistance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "For-profit Commercial Entity" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Latin America and the Carribean" + ], + "Year": "2021" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Karri Byrne" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "2106-BYRNE-GLO", + "Document Title": "MSD in fragile and conflict-affected situations: Lessons for implements working at the intersection of humanitarian and development responses to the Covid Pandemic", + "Document Summary": "This policy note does not aim to define the specific combination of humanitarian and MSD approaches that could be used in FCAS, as this will vary considerably based on the context. Instead, it identifies barriers and provides recommendations so that donors can take the lead in providing appropriate assistance to support the right combination of humanitarian and MSD approaches. Overarching all of this is the expectation of meeting the minimum standards of ’do no harm’ and being ‘market aware’.", + "Key Findings": " 2.1 What are the barriers to using the MSD approach in fragile contexts? \n• Unfamiliarity with systemic approaches, leading to an implicit preference for direct delivery \n• Lack of awareness of the capacity of local actors \n• Risk aversion \n• Lack of preparation \n• Operational culture \n\n2.2 Building flexibility and adaptation into MSD programmes in fragile contexts \n• Increase the flexibility of funding\n• Ensure strong data is available for decision-making \n• Decentralise decision-making \n\n2.3 Are there specific opportunities for MSD to support economic recovery, especially for women, after COVID-19?\n• COVID-19 has amplified the key causes of fragility such as weak governance, economic inequality and deficits of public trust. Women are expected to be particularly affected by the economic fallout from COVID-19.", + "Key Recommendations": "Ten recommendations for MSD programming in fragility\n1) Be market-aware and Do No Harm. No activity is market neutral.\n2) Encourage collaboration by coordinating internally.\n3) Look for opportunities to make funding less siloed.\n4) Engage in active learning and identify where flexibility is possible.\n5) Ensure strong, disaggregated data is available for decision-making.\n6) Improve the context for fragile countries by supporting critical market systems.\n7) Support local private sector.\n8) Invest in women.\n9) Procurement should not distort the market and should support recovery where possible.\n10) Be realistic when working in FCAS. \n", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://beamexchange.org/uploads/filer_public/df/1a/df1a8634-ad14-4a5a-92e4-abb2c3a7f9fc/msd_in_fcas_-_implementer_discussion_paper_beam_final.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Other" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Donor Committee For Enterprise Development" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities", + "Ability to Influence Policy" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Advancing Learning and Market Research;", + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Beam Exchange" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Conflict", + "COVID-19" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Humanitarian Assistance" + ], + "Type of Document": "White Paper/Think Tank Report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "For-profit approach that generates sustainable income" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2021" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Ida UUsikyla", + "Berlin Tran", + "Robyn Klinger-Vidra" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Vietnam" + ], + "Document ID": "2106-KLING-VNM", + "Document Title": "Vietnam and innovation in COVID-19 testing", + "Document Summary": "Vietnam made global headlines for its effective management of the first wave of COVID-19. Now, at the time of writing in Spring 2021, although there are occasional instances of imported cases in the headlines, in Vietnam the country’s battle with the virus is often spoke of in past tense. After all, the country has responded effectively to each wave, by implementing localised, targeted lockdowns in an effort to quell outbreaks, and through a combination of government, business sector and grassroots innovation that lessened the spread of the virus and ameliorated the impact of the lockdown. To give context to the scale of Vietnam’s tremendous response, through June 2020 the country had fewer than 400 cases and 0 deaths. While the ultimate outcome from the pandemic remains to be seen, we believe there are important lessons to be learnt by analysing the determinants of Vietnam’s innovative actions to flatten the curve. In this review, we distil five lessons: (1) a shared purpose is an essential motivator, (2) grassroots and small business entrepreneurs are important innovators, (3) multistakeholder collaboration is a powerful force, (4) contextual innovation is essential, and (5) the state is a key enabler of timely innovation. We focus, in particular, on the case of innovation occurring in affordable COVID-19 test kit development in Vietnam.", + "Key Findings": "In the early days of 2020, Vietnamese researchers, entrepreneurs, grassroots innovators and policymakers were already working to develop ways to identify the new virus. Through the combination of the society’s shared purpose, the initiative taken by grassroots and small business entrepreneurs, multistakeholder collaboration, an emphasis on contextual innovation, and with the adaptable and enabling role of the state, Vietnam was able to effectively identify the early cases of the virus. Although the first case of COVID-19 would not be found in Vietnam until late January, state, industry and society were already vigilant and collaborating. As a result of early testing capacity, along with the other decisive actions, Vietnam’s healthcare system, and society more generally, were never overwhelmed by the virus in the way that many countries around the world have been. For emerging and advanced economies alike, the Vietnamese case serves as an important one to study, to understand ways in which affordable innovation can help thwart the devastation of pandemics.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://innovations.bmj.com/content/bmjinnov/7/Suppl_1/s19.full.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Health Care" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Efficiency and Effectiveness", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "BMJ Innov" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "COVID-19" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Humanitarian Assistance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "For-profit Commercial Entity", + "Formal Sector" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Asia" + ], + "Year": "2021" + }, + { + "Country(ies)": [ + "Philippines" + ], + "Document ID": "2106-PDRF-PHL", + "Document Title": "Responding to Multiple Disasters", + "Document Summary": "This study aims to draw experience from the triple whammy scenario in 2020; the overlapping Super Typhoon Goni and Vamco response during the COVID-19 pandemic. As COVID-19 continuously threatens economic and health conditions, the Philippines had dealt with Super Typhoon Goni (known locally as Rolly) and Super Typhoon Vamco (local name Ulysses) in the last quarter of 2020. Super Typhoon Goni was estimated to cost USD 231.9M in damaged infrastructure with 24 million people severely affected. Shortly after, Typhoon Vamco struck, causing floods to communities affecting an estimate of 4.2 million people. Since both occurred during a pandemic, the Philippines was forced to address immediate response and impacts to the societies (The Philippine Humanitarian Country Team, 2020). This case study aims to answer the general question \"How does the PDRF EOC respond to multiple disaster scenarios?\"", + "Key Findings": "The PDRF-EOC plays a significant role in preparedness, response, and recovery. It facilitates a strategic and network-oriented approach in disaster risk reduction and management. Although there were challenges such as communication gaps and travel restrictions, overall response activities were still successful and made a significant positive impact on target communities. For preparedness activities, PDRF has collaborated with several organizations for strategic planning and capacity building. Notably, the PDRF OPSCEN and EOC presented opportunities for collaboration that would potentially lead to better optimization of the investment of PDRF in promoting disaster resilience. In managing triple whammy situations, the PDRF EOC successfully\nmobilizes its resources: (1) PDRF member companies; (2) Activation of EOC; and (3) HANDA for information management. Although there were challenges such as communication gaps and travel restrictions, overall response activities were still successful and made a significant positive impact on target communities.", + "Key Recommendations": "For communications, the EOC is developing a more comprehensive feedback mechanism for the member companies on how the activation and response actions. For the EOC itself, organizational commitment to support the EOC should be reinstated, especially for prolonged activation. PhilPrep is already a good mechanism for partnership between OCD and PDRF. This just needs to be enhanced and expanded in various disaster preparedness activities, aside from the usual capacity building efforts. Examples are simulations/exercises and contingency planning efforts.\nThere could have been stronger coordination and leveraging with the LGUs and the UN because they are major contributors during disasters and need immediate and direct augmentation. As expressed during previous focus group discussions, an OCHA-PDRF bilateral is proposed to discuss strategic priorities for collaboration. This way, PDRF will be more immersed and active in the HCT cluster system and there will be seamless action, for example, in cash-based interventions and bringing private sector expertise.\nIn addition, assistance can be coursed through the LDRRMOs. Maximizing local presence and coordination of the PDRF and its network with the LGUs/Local Disaster Risk Reduction Management Offices (LDRRMO) is crucial since the LGU/LDRRMOs are the ones directly needing assistance. This is also pursuant to Republic Act 10121 (an act strengthening the Philippine Disaster\nRisk Reduction and Management System, providing for the National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Framework and institutionalizing the National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Plan, appropriating funds therefor and for other purposes) in which disaster management always begins at the local level. Specifically, the private sector can undertake assessment of its capabilities so they can determine what to offer to the government and other partner organizations. Say, at the regional/national level, the private sector can interface with OCD as the coordinating authority of the Regional/NDRRMC.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.connectingbusiness.org/sites/default/files/downloads/publication/PDRF%20Case%20Study_%20Responding%20to%20Multiple%20Disasters%20%28FINAL%20ao%2030June2021%29.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Food & Beverage" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "San Miguel Corporation", + "PLDT- SMART", + "Pacific Global One Aviation", + "Monark Equipment Foundation", + "Ayala Malls", + "Alagang Kapatid Foundation", + "Alaya Group", + "AHA Center", + "Aboitiz Group", + "UPS Foundation" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Risk-Mitigation and Flexible Authorities", + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Connecting Business Initiative", + "Philippine Disaster Resilience Foundation (PDRF)" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "COVID-19" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Humanitarian Assistance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Informal Sector", + "Business Association or Cooperative" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Asia" + ], + "Year": "2021" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Vanuatu Business Resilience Council" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Vanuatu" + ], + "Document ID": "2106-PDRF-VAN", + "Document Title": "Vanuatu Business Resilience Council: Business Network Brief", + "Document Summary": "Vanuatu is an island country located in the South Pacific Ocean. It is highly susceptible to natural hazards, such as floods, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and cyclones. In April 2020, Tropical Cyclone Harold, which is the most powerful storm to hit Vanuatu in the last two years since Cyclone Pam in 2015, ravaged Vanuatu's islands and caused significant damage to the communities while the country was on COVID-19 pandemic lockdown. Thousands of families were severely affected and displaced, buildings were damaged and flattened cutting off electricity and water. Through Vanuatu's government combined efforts and engagement with several private sector members, the Vanuatu Business Resilience Council (VBRC) successfully implemented its response and recovery plans throughout the affected islands.", + "Key Findings": "The private sector was the first responder in both getting on the ground and doing the initial assessment. Organizations like the VBRC need more agreed standby funding with the large donor partners to more broadly deploy and assist the government responders as the private sector is the backstop when others cannot assist.\n\nIn smaller developing nations like Vanuatu, the infrastructure, planes, shipping, and logistics are all owned by the private sector,and effective coordination is essential.\n\nThe lack of an MOU in place with the VNDMO also hindered coordination and response efforts. This is a priority for VBRC going forward.", + "Key Recommendations": "Other considerations include:\n-Have pre-response agreements in place;\n-Have capacity agreements;\n-Know the resources in-country and have an understanding that using local private sector to support a response is ensuring a faster response\n-Tap into local skills and resources as much possible.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/BNB%20Vanuatu%20final.pdf", + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Ability to Influence Policy" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Risk-Mitigation and Flexible Authorities", + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge", + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Philippine Disaster Resilience Foundation (PDRF)", + "Connecting Business Initiative" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "COVID-19" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Humanitarian Assistance", + "Environment/Climate Change" + ], + "Type of Document": "Industry Publication", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Local Business", + "Formal Sector" + ], + "Year": "2021" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Lingshui Mo", + "Ram M. Shrestha", + "Yongping Zhai", + "Bambang Susantono" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Regional" + ], + "Document ID": "2106-SUSAN-MLT", + "Document Title": "Financing Clean Energy in Developing Asia", + "Document Summary": "This report provides a summary of the state of financing clean energy in developing Asia as of 2021. The document explores the various approaches and models available as well as providing case studies of their use across different countries in the region. Various sections of the report cover the role of development banks, the role of public institutions, and the role of private financial institutions. Through case studies and high-level summaries, report offers a variety strategies, next steps, and recommendations for effectively leveraging private sector financing of many different forms of clean energy at a large scale.", + "Key Findings": "While countries in Asia and the Pacific are at varying levels of maturity in terms of clean energy development and financing, several examples of successful clean energy financing can be found in developing countries of the region. Multilateral development institutions like the Asian Development Bank (ADB) have also been actively engaged in clean energy development, and lessons learned can be valuable in helping identify appropriate financing mechanisms and business models for new project developments. No publication currently provides such information in the context of the developing countries in Asia and the Pacific.\n\nThis book aims to provide an up-to-date account of the financing approaches, policies, and business models available for the development of clean energy resources. These are complemented by appropriate examples of clean energy projects and programs from developing countries in the region. A variety of clean energy projects are covered, including distributed renewable energy systems, hydropower, and those focusing on demand side energy efficiency. The book also discusses key barriers to financing clean energy development and innovative policies and measures adopted to overcome them in different country and project contexts.\n\nThis book is primarily intended to benefit the potential developers of,\nand investors in, clean energy projects, as well as financing institutions and policy makers in the region. The materials may also be useful to interested readers in academia and the research community.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.adb.org/publications/financing-clean-energy-developing-asia", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Financial Services" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Electricité du Cambodge", + "International Capital Market Association", + "Southeast Asia Clean Energy Facility", + "Tropical Landscapes Finance Facility" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Ability to Influence Policy", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships", + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments", + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Advancing Learning and Market Research;", + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Asian Development Bank" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "COVID-19" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Economic Growth", + "Environment/Climate Change" + ], + "Type of Document": "Landscape Analysis", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Micro, Small, or Medium Enterprise", + "Financial Institution, Investors, and Intermediaries", + "Business Association or Cooperative", + "For-profit Commercial Entity" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Asia" + ], + "Year": "2021" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Meki Catholic Secretariat", + "Catholic Relief Services", + "USAID" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Ethiopia" + ], + "Document ID": "2106-USAID-ETH", + "Document Title": "Feed the Future Ethiopia Livelihoods for Resilience – Oromia Cooperative Agreement No. AID-663-A-17-00005", + "Document Summary": "This evaluation discusses improved economic well-being through the use of market-based strategies, like Feed the Future’s Push and Pull approach alongside livelihoods frameworks and programs emphasizing resilient graduation from poverty in Oromia, Ethiopia. The majority of the report summarizes outputs, achievements, and challenges, with particular attention to adaptive management practices to address the latter. Of note are the results of the Innovation Fund and efforts to better link and strengthen on-farm activities with market systems.", + "Key Findings": "PSNP households’ sustainable economic well-being was improved by building on (i) the marketbased Push and Pull strategy of USAID’s Feed the Future; (ii) the PSNP Livelihoods framework; and (iii) the success achieved under the previous Feed the Future Ethiopia Graduation with Resilience to Achieve Sustainable Development (GRAD) program. Four higher-level outcomes contributed to this goal: 1) Increased income and diversification through on-farm opportunities, including crop and livestock market systems; 2) Increased income and diversification of off-farm livelihood options; 3) Increased income from gainful employment; and 4) Increased innovation, scaling and sustainability of livelihoods pathways.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00XV22.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, and Hunting" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships", + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments", + "Reputation and Credible Convening Power", + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment", + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Advancing Learning and Market Research;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "COVID-19", + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth", + "Conflict" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Economic Growth", + "Agriculture and Food Security" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Micro, Small, or Medium Enterprise" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2021" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Sia Louise Shayo", + "April Warren", + "Françoise Armand" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Tanzania" + ], + "Document ID": "2106-USAID-TZA", + "Document Title": "Improving Access to Implants through the Private Sector: Lessons from Tanzania", + "Document Summary": "The Sustaining Health Outcomes through the Private Sector (SHOPS) Plus project implemented an activity designed to increase the number of private health providers trained in implant service delivery and connected to a reliable source of commodities in Tanzania. This brief describes the activity and its outcomes, as well as options to improve the scale and sustainability of this strategy in the private sector. The activity aimed to answer: \n1. How can access to implants through the private sector be improved? \n2. Are current approaches for training private providers effective and sustainable? \n3. Can private supply channels for implants be created in the current market context? Tanzania was chosen for this intervention because it is a typical market with fast-growing demand for implants.", + "Key Findings": "The popularity of contraceptive implants is rapidly increasing in low- and middle-income countries, particularly in East Africa where implant users typically obtain the method from government and NGO-supported clinics. In Tanzania, two barriers limit the ability of for-profit private clinics to offer implant services to their clients: sporadic access to training and challenges in obtaining commodities. To address these barriers, SHOPS Plus trained 39 private providers in comprehensive family planning services, including implant insertion and removal. The project also facilitated partnerships with the public sector that enabled providers to receive a supply of free commodities. Six months later, the providers had performed 1,390 implant insertions and 359 removals, with few stockouts. However, the public supply solution made private services dependent on product donations and generally prohibited facilities from charging for implant services. The creation of a private source of implants proved unfeasible as providers were not willing to pay for products as long as they could get them at no cost from the government. SHOPS Plus found that service level agreements between private providers and the government can be highly effective in increasing the volume of implant services but present sustainability challenges. Increasing the viability of this method in the private sector over the long term requires more sustainable training and supply options. Authorities should recognize that for-profit private providers need to charge for services and relax barriers to the distribution of implants through commercial channels.", + "Key Recommendations": "The private sector access to implants intervention showed that private providers can quickly start delivering implants when product supply and training are more readily accessible. Tanzania was chosen for this intervention because it is a typical market with fast-growing demand for implants. Also, IAP interventions have resulted in highly effective donor and government collaboration. The private sector, however, may lose interest in providing this method if donor support decreases, or the widespread policy of offering free services leads to the belief that implant services are not commercially viable. This potential market failure can be mitigated through policy change and market-based solutions that increase the role of private sector entities.\n\n- Donor-supported training should progressively transition to more sustainable options.\n- Governments could use a more targeted approach in the distribution of free implants.\n- The lack of commercial distribution channels for implants should be addressed globally and locally.\n- Allowing providers to charge realistic prices may be the key to sustaining implant services through the private sector.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://shopsplusproject.org/sites/default/files/resources/Improving%20Access%20to%20Implants%20through%20the%20Private%20Sector_0.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Health Care" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Ability to Influence Policy", + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Flexibility and Pace", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge", + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Advancing Learning and Market Research;", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;", + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID", + "Abt Associates" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Health" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "For-profit Commercial Entity" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2021" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "FEMA" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "United States" + ], + "Document ID": "2107-FEMA-MLT", + "Document Title": "Building Public-Private Partnerships", + "Document Summary": "This guide provides recommendations and resources for a jurisdiction to establish and maintain a P3 to help coordinate mitigation, response and recovery planning and preparedness. For this guide, the term “jurisdiction” begins at the local level – a county, city, town, combination of jurisdictions, multiple counties or sub-state regions such as a Council of Governments or Homeland Security Region – as well as a state, tribe or territory. “Jurisdiction” also includes the private sector and any other NGO with responsibilities or interests in disaster management and resilience.\n\nThis guide is for both public and private sector emergency managers at all levels in a given jurisdiction. This includes whole community stakeholders, such as private sector organizations or entities that help plan and build resilience, coordinate mitigation, or plan and prepare for response and recovery within their area of operations. Any jurisdiction or private entity can use this guide. ", + "Key Findings": "This guide provides recommendations and resources for a jurisdiction to establish and maintain a P3 to help coordinate mitigation, response and recovery planning and preparedness. For this guide, the term “jurisdiction” begins at the local level – a county, city, town, combination of jurisdictions, multiple counties or sub-state regions such as a Council of Governments or Homeland Security Region – as well as a state, tribe or territory. “Jurisdiction” also includes the private sector and any other NGO with responsibilities or interests in disaster management and resilience. Collaboration helps both public and private sector community stakeholders at all levels increase resilience. The models in this guide highlight interdependencies among businesses, industries, community organizations and government agencies. The models apply to both rural and urban jurisdictions. The recommendations help jurisdictions develop, manage and scale P3s to strengthen health and safety, economic security and community resilience. At the core, a P3 connects people, builds relationships and breaks down barriers so that representatives from private, nongovernmental and public organizations know each other prior to an incident affecting their jurisdiction.", + "Key Recommendations": "The guide contains the following public-private partnership startup checklist starting on page 53, following a Plan, Engage, Integrate, Assess & Refine model: \n\n1. Initiate planning, identify partners, and plan stakeholder engagement\n2. Initiate outreach, define P3 purpose and benefits, develop and adopt terms of engagement\n3. Assess shared risks, build jurisdictional resilience, build response and recovery capacity, integrate response and recovery operations\n4. Conduct stakeholder analysis, evaluate P3 activities, measure progress\n", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.fema.gov/sites/default/files/documents/fema_building-private-public-partnerships.pdf", + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Efficiency and Effectiveness", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities", + "Flexibility and Pace" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Risk-Mitigation and Flexible Authorities", + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge", + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Advancing Learning and Market Research;", + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment", + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Humanitarian Assistance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Industry Publication", + "Year": "2021" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Zoe Hamilton", + "Belinda Baah" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Rwanda", + "Ethiopia", + "Somalia", + "Uganda" + ], + "Document ID": "2107-GSMA-GLO", + "Document Title": "Building and strengthening digital ecosystems in humanitarian contexts", + "Document Summary": "This report draws on lessons from the GSMA Mobile for Humanitarian Innovation programme’s Strategic Partnership portfolio. These lessons were identified in a detailed systematic review of over 150 pieces of evidence, 12 in-depth interviews and a workshop that validated the lessons. This process enabled the team to robustly identify the building blocks necessary to create and strengthen a digital ecosystem that benefits all stakeholders involved in the preparedness, response and recovery stages of humanitarian assistance.", + "Key Findings": "This report draws on lessons from the M4H Strategic Partnership portfolio. These lessons were identified in a detailed systematic review of over 150 pieces of evidence, 12 in-depth interviews and a workshop that validated the lessons. This process enabled the team to robustly identify the building blocks necessary to create and strengthen a digital ecosystem that benefits all stakeholders involved in the preparedness, response and recovery stages of humanitarian assistance. Three overarching themes emerged from the research and form the basis of this report, providing information on how to build that ecosystem:\n1. Developing Strategic Partnerships \n2. Shaping an enabling environment \n3. Building an ecosystem with users", + "Key Recommendations": "Addressing barriers: \n1. Programming: Programming that explicitly addresses barriers is the most direct way of ensuring that users are equipped with the skills and tools they need to be digitally included – fully, safely and over the long term. The GSMA has supported local digital skills training for users to take full advantage of digital services.\n2. Integrating users in the process: A key part of building the digital ecosystem is ensuring user buy-in and long-term sustainability. The GSMA has worked alongside partners to guide human-centred design and co-creation approaches with end users. Including user perspectives as programmes are developed ensures their experiences are the starting point for any new services and programming.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.gsma.com/mobilefordevelopment/resources/building-and-strengthening-digital-ecosystems-in-humanitarian-contexts/", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Technology", + "Financial Services" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "GSM Association (GSMA)" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Efficiency and Effectiveness", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments", + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "EXXUS", + "GSM Association (GSMA)" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "COVID-19" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Humanitarian Assistance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Industry Publication", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Financial Institution, Investors, and Intermediaries", + "Formal Sector" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2017" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Petra Schmitter", + "Mansoor Leh", + "Oluwatoba Omotilewa", + "Kashi Kafle" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Ethiopia" + ], + "Document ID": "2107-KAFLE-ETH", + "Document Title": "Who is Likely to Benefit from Public and Private Sector Investments in Farmer-led Irrigation Development? Evidence from Ethiopia", + "Document Summary": "In recent years, farmer-led irrigation development has gained the interest of development partners and governments in the Global South following its success in enhancing agricultural production and livelihoods in South Asia. However, little is known about the socio-economic situation of farmers who receive public support for its expansion. Considering its rapid expansion in sub-Saharan Africa, we take the case of Ethiopia and explore the relationship between irrigation suitability and farmers’ socio-economic status. We find that high-value crop producers and wealthier farmers are most likely to make private investments and also benefit from public support in farmer-led irrigation expansion if investments are directed to land areas highly suitable for irrigation. Cultivation of high-value crops (fruit, vegetables) was common in areas more suitable for irrigation but staple crop cultivation (cereals, legumes) was negatively associated with irrigation suitability. Wealth status (consumption expenditure, asset index, and land size) was also positively correlated with irrigation suitability. A 10 per cent increase in groundwater irrigation suitability score was associated with a 2 per cent increase in per-capita consumption expenditure. Results imply that policies aiming to facilitate farmer-led irrigation development should combine biophysical information on land and water suitability for irrigation with household socio-economic characteristics and existing agricultural systems.", + "Key Findings": "Results imply that if farmer-led irrigation development were primarily financed through private investment (that is the farmers themselves make the investment), it disproportionately benefits wealthier farmers because land areas highly suitable for groundwater irrigation or solarised pumps\nare also home to wealthier households. (pg. 65)\n\nResults imply that if public and private sector investments for irrigation\ntechnology supply chains and services are targeted in areas with high suitability of natural resources (land and water), they will likely benefit the wealthier households and boost high-value as well as more water-intensive crop production. This, in combination with the lack of access to loans for irrigation technologies and in particular the barriers to female headed and marginal households, can deter the goals of food security and poverty reduction. (pg. 68)", + "Key Recommendations": "1. First, policies aimed at facilitating farmer-led irrigation development using shallow groundwater resources (including off-grid solar pumps) might want to look beyond physical suitability of land and water resources. While irrigation suitability is a critical first step, it is equally important to consider socio-economic characteristics of households and communities to avoid elite capture as wealthier households tend to reside in areas of higher suitability to groundwater use in irrigation.\n2. Secondly, there is a need for combined public and private financing approaches to support the different needs of wealthier and resource-poor farmers, especially in areas where irrigation development is suitable. Whilst wealthier households would benefit from strengthened irrigation supply chain and services (for example, financial or repair services), improved market access and agricultural extension services through private sector investments, resource-poor households would require\ntailored financing mechanisms specific to bottom of the pyramid markets. These tailored financing mechanisms are often not financially viable or considered as high risk by the private sector. Hence, blended financing by donors or smart subsidy programmes by governments, carefully designed to not distort markets, and based on both irrigation suitability mapping and socio-economic status, would enhance marginal farmers’ access to irrigation in areas with high irrigation suitability.\n3. Third, strengthening of irrigation supply chains, financial and repair services should go hand in hand with incentives to stimulate high-value crops and staple food production in Ethiopia’s efforts towards climate, food, and nutrition security. Results show that aside from crop diversification, high-value fruit, vegetables and other cash crops are favoured by households investing in irrigation. Extra financing or subsidy schemes tailored to FLI to support staple food production and livestock value chains will be crucial going forward.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/epub/10.1080/00220388.2021.1939866?needAccess=true", + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Ability to Influence Policy", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments", + "Risk-Mitigation and Flexible Authorities" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment", + "Advancing Learning and Market Research;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "The Journal of Development Studies" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Agriculture and Food Security" + ], + "Type of Document": "Peer-reviewed article or other research report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Micro, Small, or Medium Enterprise", + "Local Business", + "Financial Institution, Investors, and Intermediaries" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2021" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Mercy Corps" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Nigeria", + "Indonesia", + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "2107-MERCY-GLO", + "Document Title": "Technology for Impact: Annual Impact Report", + "Document Summary": "This document is an annual report of the Technology for Impact partnership, which is a 5-year collaboration between Mercy Corps and Cisco. Cisco has given T4D $8.5 million in funding and $1.5 million in product and technical expertise to support seven specific initiatives.", + "Key Findings": "Looking specifically at our cash and voucher assistance programs in Nigeria and Gaza, our analysis found that technology solutions led to positive outcomes including more people assisted, more accurate and efficient participant selection and registration, improved security, and faster processing of data and delivery of services. For example, whereas previously it took two working days a week from three full-time staff to reconcile paper vouchers, it took our teams 75%–80% less time to process four times as many electronic vouchers. These findings validate our belief that technology has massive potential to increase the scale, efficiency, and effectiveness of humanitarian aid, and also pave the way for integrating technology more deeply and in more ways in our programming worldwide. \n", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.cisco.com/c/dam/assets/csr/pdf/technology-for-impact-annual-report-2021.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Technology", + "Financial Services", + "Telecommunications" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Cisco" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness", + "Flexibility and Pace" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Advancing Learning and Market Research;", + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Mercy Corps" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "COVID-19" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Humanitarian Assistance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Impact Evaluation Report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Large Enterprise", + "Multi-national Business" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2021" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Ben Odoemena" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Nigeria" + ], + "Document ID": "2107-ODOEM-NGA", + "Document Title": "Feed the Future Nigeria Agricultural Extension and Advisory Services Activity - Mapping to Markets (M2M) Report", + "Document Summary": "This Mapping to Markets (M2M) Report discusses the Feed the Future Nigeria Agricultural Extension and Advisory Services Activity that is an ongoing five-year activity that began May 25, 2020 and is scheduled to finish May 24, 2025. This report focuses on improving producer supply to proven market channels and increasing efficiencies in the flow of goods and services within the selected value chains (maize, rice, cowpea, soybean, aquaculture), to increase the productivity of shareholder funds, increase their household income, and ensure the sustainability of interventions beyond the cessation of funding. This report is designed to inform the private sector of potential investment opportunities for production and service providers.", + "Key Findings": "• Based on various factors described in the M2M analysis, the Activity will focus its implementation in the five target commodities as follows:(a) Benue state for cowpea, rice and soybean; (b) Cross River for rice and aquaculture; (c) Delta state for aquaculture and maize; (d) Ebonyi state for maize and rice; (e) Kaduna state for cowpea, maize, and soybean; (f) Kebbi state for rice and soybean; and (g) Niger state for rice, maize and cowpea.\n\n• The main market channels have been identified for each target value chain and will be the primary focus of the Activity: artisanal rice processors (rice); local spot markets (maize and soybean); village market agents (cowpea); fresh fish (aquaculture).\n\n• The Most Impactful Practices that demonstrate the highest return on investment for smallholder farmers are: mechanized threshing (rice); improved seeds (rice, maize); mechanized land preparation (maize, soybean); pest-resistant varieties (cowpea); and fresh fish (aquaculture). Business case analyses demonstrate a range of 10% (for mechanized threshing in soybean) to 31% (for mechanized land preparation) increased profitability through the integration of the MIPs compared to traditional practices.\n\n• Provision of extension services to SHFs requires the use of more sustainable channels of value chain actors that recognize good relationships between SHFs and the various actors in the inputs, services, and advisory space. Except in Kebbi where the M2M did not identify any processors in soybean, there are large number of MSMEs in all the states. However, the MSMEs generally have limited skills to engage with smallholder farmers to sell their services. This will be an area of explicit focus for the Activity.\n\n• Several large companies (e.g., agro-chemical suppliers, seed companies, fertilizer distribution networks)\nare working within the target value chains. Many of these have large networks of MSMEs serving large\nnumbers of smallholder farmers within the target states. The Activity will engage a select group of these larger companies (and their associated MSMEs) in disseminating MIPs and expanding and improving service provision and reach to smallholder farmers.\n\n• The target states have good penetration of financial service providers – with two DFIs, 141 MFBs, seven depot money banks, as well as local money lenders, savings and credit associations, and mobile money agents operating within the ZOI. Due to the proximity and accessibility of MFBs and NBMFIs to SHFs, the Activity will target them for capacity building to expand their lending through business development training and credit guarantee services.\n\n• The M2M identified the four main channels for information dissemination – radio, video, mobile phone with SMS, IVR, WhatsApp message features, and NAERLS Farmers Helpline. Based on the findings on the preferences for various ICT channels in different parts of the ZOI, the Activity should prioritize the use of radio to disseminate business solutions and extension messaging to SHFs in Kaduna, Niger, and Kebbi states and should prioritize the use of phones in Delta, Cross River, Ebonyi, and Benue states.", + "Key Recommendations": "- In the context of production volume, comparative advantage, contribution to the national output, and transaction volume for SHFs, the Activity should focus its implementation in the five target commodities as follows: (a) Benue state for cowpea, rice and soybean; (b) Cross River for rice and aquaculture; (c) Delta state for aquaculture and maize; (d) Ebonyi state for maize and rice; (e) Kaduna state for cowpea, maize, and soybean; (f) Kebbi state for rice and soybean; and (g) Niger state for rice, maize and cowpea.\n\n- During dry-season production, the Activity should focus its engagement with smallholder rice producers in Niger and Benue state, where greater production is taking place amongst the seven target states. \n\n- While the use of improved seeds has been identified as an MIP, access to quality seed by SHFs will require investment in community based seed multiplication involving research institutions, seed companies, and farmers. Agencies such as IITA, AERLS and SeedCo could collaborate in this regard to make improved seed available to SHFs. \n\n- Except in Kebbi where the M2M did not identify any processors in soybean, there are large number of MSMEs in all the states. The MSMEs generally have limited skills to engage with smallholder farmers to sell their services. The Activity should support them in establishing a dependable client base and creating a strong channel for extension messaging and commercialization of their services by building their capacity to address gaps and improve service delivery to SHFs.\n\n- The Activity should strategically engage the big actors in inputs services who have large network of MSMEs. This will aid effective delivery of timely inputs, services, and extension messaging to SHFs. To deal with large firms, the Activity should not take a state-by-state approach that isolates firms, rather it should leverage the inter-state nature of their business operations to facilitate MSME engagement. In this line, the Activity should leverage on the strength of their coverage and explore partnership with Jubaili in Niger, Kebbi, and Kaduna; Wacot in Cross River, Kebbi, Ebonyi, Niger, and Kaduna; Saro Agro in Kaduna, Kebbi, Niger, and Benue; and MultiChem in Niger, Kebbi, and Kaduna.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00XWJP.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, and Hunting", + "Business Services", + "Chemicals", + "Financial Services", + "Food & Beverage", + "Processing & Manufacturing", + "Retail", + "Technology", + "Telecommunications", + "Transportation and Warehousing" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Doka Lere", + "Pambegua", + "Saminaka", + "Giwa", + "Soba", + "Mariri", + "Ikara", + "Anchau", + "Alh. Kabir Doguwa", + "Alh. Dalhatu Maimaggi", + "Alh. Sani Soba", + "Babban Gona", + "Thrive Agric", + "Afex", + "Kelloggs", + "Nestle", + "Vital", + "OLAM", + "ECWA", + "Livestock", + "Digital Green", + "Connexus" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Ability to Influence Policy", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships", + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge", + "Risk-Mitigation and Flexible Authorities", + "Reputation and Credible Convening Power", + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Advancing Learning and Market Research;", + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;", + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID", + "Winrock International" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "COVID-19", + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth", + "Conflict" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Agriculture and Food Security", + "Economic Growth", + "Environment/Climate Change", + "Health", + "Peace & Security" + ], + "Type of Document": "Landscape Analysis", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "For-profit Commercial Entity", + "Financial Institution, Investors, and Intermediaries", + "Business Association or Cooperative", + "Micro, Small, or Medium Enterprise", + "Large Enterprise", + "Formal Sector", + "Informal Sector", + "Local Business", + "For-profit approach that generates sustainable income" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2021" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Albu, M.", + "Osario-Cortez, L." + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "2107-OSORI-GLO", + "Document Title": "The results achieved by programmes that use the market systems approach: a narrative synthesis of current evidence", + "Document Summary": "From time to time, BEAM Exchange publishes a Review of the latest evidence material. This year’s review analysed 52 documents, representing evidence from a total of 36 programmes, mostly published in the last two years: including impact evaluations, reports, evidence briefs and case studies. It examines what this new evidence says about the impacts of MSD programmes, summarises key findings, and identifies trends, challenges and lessons from the evaluation of MSD practice. These findings are illustrated with snapshots from fourteen programmes presented as ‘MSD cases’ and ‘spotlights’. The review also makes recommendations about how to improve the production of credible evidence.", + "Key Findings": "8.1 Programmes using the MSD approach are reducing poverty at scale\n8.2 MSD is supporting sustained pro-poor growth and access to services \n8.3 MSD programmes are facilitating systemic change in markets \n8.4 MSD competencies and adaptive management remain crucial success factors \n8.5 Clarity about how to track and measure systemic change is emerging ", + "Key Recommendations": "What the MSD field needs, therefore, is a dedicated cross-programme initiative that can rise to these challenges. Fortunately, this is now on the horizon with a new initiative of USAID’s Market Systems and Partnership Activity. During 2021 and 2022 they are planning a series of ex-post evaluations of MSD programming to build the evidence base across a range of contexts, while also contributing to evaluation practice for MSD ex-posts as part of a broader set of evidence-building and learning initiatives in MSD and private sector engagement.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://beamexchange.org/uploads/filer_public/89/9a/899a64c2-63af-4ca6-8e18-8c99c608b82b/beam_evidence_review_2021_finalproofed_compressed.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Business Services" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Donor Committee for Enterprise Development (DCED)" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Advancing Learning and Market Research;", + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Beam Exchange" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Humanitarian Assistance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Impact Evaluation Report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "For-profit approach that generates sustainable income" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2021" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Ashak Sheriff", + "Hussein Faruqye Aly", + "Louis-Pierre Michaud", + "Julie Helson" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Côte d’Ivoire", + "Ghana", + "Nigeria" + ], + "Document ID": "2108-MICHA-MLT", + "Document Title": "TechnoServe Prosper Cashew Project Baseline Report", + "Document Summary": "Promoting Opportunities for Cashew Processing in West Africa Project (Prosper Cashew) is a five-year, USD 26 million initiative (2020 to 2025) implemented by TechnoServe Inc. (TNS) and funded by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). The Prosper Cashew project will promote investment for the West African cashew processing sector by strengthening cashew processing facilities across Côte d’Ivoire, Ghana, and Nigeria. The information in this baseline report is meant to guide TNS and its implementing partner, Initiative for Smallholder Finance (ISF Advisors), to understand the starting point against which progress achieved over time should be measured, using the performance monitoring plan.\n\nThe baseline report is the result of an extensive primary data collection and analysis that began in January 2021 and ended with the final data analyses and report writing in June 2021. Overall, a total of 32 processors undertook the survey and 23 were interviewed, in addition to 48 other stakeholders interviewed and three roundtables/focus group discussions (FGDs) conducted. The overall study framework consists of an adequacy assessment, which importantly requires no control group as Prosper Cashew intends to work with all relevant stakeholders in the three focus countries, and allows quantitative results to be compared with set criteria (e.g., indicator targets) over time. The study also focused very significantly on qualitative data collection to demonstrate the future link between the project’s assistance and its results. Several limitations of the study included: reluctance of processors and other stakeholders to participate in the baseline; reluctance of processors to provide processing and business data; the necessity of extrapolations as not all processors could be surveyed; no control group as TNS plans to work with all processors; and the COVID-19 pandemic that undoubtedly affected all processors to some degree or another.", + "Key Findings": "Prosper Cashew is targeting a significant increase in domestic processing with a goal of 50% of 2020 production. Barring some of the additional opportunities highlighted in this report, the project is well designed to support processors towards this ambitious goal, but the feasibility of reaching 50% in five years is unlikely, given the wide range of challenges faced by West African processors.", + "Key Recommendations": "1. A version of the information contained in this baseline report is directly shared with all participating stakeholders, as the majority of stakeholders consulted demonstrated interest in receiving feedback/insights on this study.\n2. Prosper Cashew consider the feasibility of engaging with authorities and processors in supporting countries to mobilize processors and help strengthen their institutional presence to advocate for their interests. There is also an opportunity to operationalize this approach by closely working on strategies with PRO-Cashew, but as discussed, the interests of producers, represented by PRO-Cashew, and processors, represented by Prosper Cashew, are not necessarily aligned. This involves looking beyond short-term incentives, where exporters generally pay higher price for RCN than processors, providing immediate incentives to reject any fiscal measures to promote privileged access to RCN by processors.\n3. A harmonized regulatory and institutional framework for the cashew value chain that incentivizes cashew processing in their respective countries be supported by TNS for all countries in the region, and notably the three project countries.\n4. Trainings remain flexible, aligning theory and practice and provided on a continuous basis to ensure maximum relevance. In line with this, there are important technological resources available to develop good quality training materials for all processors, and even delivering some trainings virtually, such as the TNS high-quality blended learning online platform featuring some cashew processing materials already developed. This could be a good basis to consider for future delivery.\n5. Prosper Cashew considers the support of cashew by-products sale for food production. Confectionary, biscuits, paste, other processed foods, can all integrate the small but equally nutritious cashew pieces as ingredients in their recipes. Some processors are exploring cashew oil, cashew butter, and even cashew brandy (derived from the cashew apple) and secondary revenue generating product lines.\n6. Specific, targeted actions should be designed to ensure gender inequalities are addressed. Such activities could include requests that women be represented in capacity-building initiatives developed, and that specific targets be set for access to finance for women-owned processors. Additionally, the project should avoid making any negative “unintended” impact by increasing the gap between men and women or reinforcing gender discriminatory practices.\n7. Further investigation is undertaken to assess the possibility of working with not only medium- to large-sized processors, but also small-sized processors, as they often have a higher employee to unit RCN processed ratio, can potentially access the international markets, and are doing well in Ghana and Nigeria. Notably, approximately 40% to 45% of the cashew kernel produced in Brazil is processed by small and medium-sized entrepreneurs.\n8. Prosper Cashew consider supporting the supply of cashew nuts for organic, vegan and other sustainability markets (through certification), which are largely untapped and currently not part of the business strategy and product portfolio of most processors in Côte d’Ivoire, Ghana, and Nigeria.\n9. Prosper Cashew reassesses the target of 50% in country processing for the ultimate outcome indicator.\n10. Prosper Cashew take into consideration all points mentioned in Section 5 - Monitoring and Evaluation Considerations.\n11. Prosper Cashew consider undertaking a study of the cashew sector in Brazil.\n12. Prosper Cashew consider undertaking a study of child labor in the cashew sector. This should not only be of processors, but of other relevant segments of the value chain (e.g., exporters, intermediaries, and producers, etc.). Prosper Cashew could do this in collaboration with PRO- cashew, as well other NGOs such as UNICEF, the International Labor Organization, or the Sustainable Trade Initiative, and relevant Government agencies. Subsequently, letters of commitment or codes of conduct could be developed and signed by relevant parties.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00XTTH.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, and Hunting" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Association of Food Industries", + "British Retail Consortium", + "African Cashew Alliance", + "Conseil du coton et de l'anacarde", + "Consultative International Cashew Council" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Advisem Services Inc." + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "COVID-19", + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Agriculture and Food Security" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Financial Institution, Investors, and Intermediaries", + "Regional Business", + "Local Business" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2021" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Sonia Mukherjee" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "India" + ], + "Document ID": "2108-MUKHE-IDN", + "Document Title": "Challenges to Indian micro small scale and medium enterprises in the era of globalization", + "Document Summary": "With the onset of the globalization process, the Indian Micro Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) are lagging behind the rival firms. The rival firms originate from the neighboring countries in terms of export competitiveness. The main reason attributed behind this is lack of use of updated technology and other notable reasons. Hence, this calls for urgent action.\n\n[The authors] analyze the case of Indian Coir Industry, a traditional export oriented industry facing tough competition from the other synthetic products produced by its rivals. The export value has not witnessed a huge increase which is evident from the export trend from the last 5 years. Technology can enhance competitiveness. Some theoretical insights on technology and export competitiveness, and technology transfer channels have been elaborated.", + "Key Findings": "There is technological backwardness affecting MSME segment, and the technological innovation remains low. Although government has resorted to several financial stimulus measures for helping MSMEs more needs to be done. The need of the hour is using latest modern technology in addition to marketing schemes to provide assistance to MSMEs. With the onset of globalization, technology is increasingly becoming indispensable as a vital tool for MSMEs to improve their productivity and efficiency. A strong technology enabled sector has the potential to become a global player. The role of technology in the form of social media, e-commerce platforms, cloud computing have the potential to unleash great value and opportunity. Lastly, higher adoption of digital technology is expected especially after the pandemic. \n- Amazon had announced the 'Spotlight North East' programme (US$ 25 million) in April 2021. The aim of the programme provided an online funding to 50,000 artisans, weavers and small industries from the Northeast by 2025. In addition to this, the other goals are to boost exports of important supplies such as tea, spices and honey. \n-ICICI Bank introduced the 'Merchant Stack' programme in April, 2021. This is a complete digital banking services that is predominantly aimed at retail traders. In addition, people using this service can take advantage of contactless services (InstaBIZ). \n-Vedanta Limited, a leading producer of metals and oil & gas, launched the “Vedanta Saathi' programme. The aim of the programme is to provide financial assistance for MSMEs to set up new manufacturing units near it. \n-Walmart's Vriddhi programme has been stretched to Uttar Pradesh on February 2021. It is expected to profit 50,000 MSMEs across the nation. \n-Mastercard and Razorpay merged in February, 2021 to benefit small Indian businesses to adapt digital payments. Lastly, Bank of Maharashtra cooperated with Vayana Network, to bring financial assistance to MSMEs. \n", + "Key Recommendations": "More efforts in the form of higher investment in advanced technology and research and development, higher usage of digital and technology enabled platform, transfer of technology, more investment in human resources, improved access to finance, reduced infrastructural gaps, lesser stringent business regulations can help in improving the competitiveness of the MSMEs.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s40497-018-0115-5", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Telecommunications", + "Technology", + "Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, and Hunting" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness", + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment", + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Journal of Global Entrepreneurship Research" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "COVID-19" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "Peer-reviewed article or other research report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Micro, Small, or Medium Enterprise" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Asia" + ], + "Year": "2021" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Ruhul Amin", + "Roger C. Shouse", + "Monirul Alam", + "Nilufa Khatun", + "Yang Peng", + "Nazirul Islam Sarker" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Bangladesh" + ], + "Document ID": "2108-sarke-bgd", + "Document Title": "Climate finance governance in hazard prone riverine islands in Bangladesh: pathway for promoting climate resilience", + "Document Summary": "This document looks at the impact of climate change in Bangladesh. It found that the riverine island dwellers are facing the worst impacts of climate change, and thus this study examines climate finance governance and its effect on disaster management in these areas. These dwellers are experiencing a poverty trap due to the lack of food, riverbank erosion, crop pest infestation, and drought and are left to migrate because NGOs are not currently active in the area. The study advises, “...riverine island-based climate change management projects should be implemented through an effective monitoring system so that dwellers can benefit from it. Continuous development initiatives should be taken by the government with NGOs for proper implementation of climate finance projects since natural disasters are common in the locality.” It also recommends that Bangladesh should look into getting funding from the Green Climate Fund, in order to recover from the damages that have been caused and to assist in ending the poverty trap. \n", + "Key Findings": "The study reveals that there is no direct contribution of climate finance governance in the village level. The char dwellers are facing so much misery due to climate change in every season likes two to three times food inundation, riverbank erosion, drought, crop pest infestation, etc. Some non-government organizations (NGOs) and government organizations (GOs) did work there till 2012 to transfer some assets like cattle, monthly stipend, raising plinths for food protection, subsidies for water sources and sanitary latrines. But at present, their existence/activities are not reported active. But climate change impacts hinder their livelihoods and damage their assets in a regular basis. They have no other option to live mainland or migrate to better places due to chronic poverty trap.", + "Key Recommendations": "The study suggests that riverine island-based climate change management project should be implemented through efective monitoring system so that char dwellers can get beneft from it. Continuous development initiative should be taken by the government with NGOs for proper implementation of climate fnance project since natural disasters are common in the locality. The government of Bangladesh should be taken initiative to Warsaw International Mechanism which helps to\npursue funding from international development organizations for recovering the loss and damage issues and get Green Climate Fund for protecting the char and coastal areas of Bangladesh. River governance, dam construction, protection of river erosion, food shelter construction, transferring climate-smart agricultural technology, social forestry and proper training on disaster management are the priority issues where climate fnance governance can contribute a lot and improve the food security and livelihood resilience of the char people.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11069-021-04983-4.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, and Hunting", + "Food & Beverage", + "Financial Services" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge", + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Advancing Learning and Market Research;" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Environment/Climate Change" + ], + "Type of Document": "Peer-reviewed article or other research report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Local Business" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Asia" + ], + "Year": "2021" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Ali Bozorgi-Amiri", + "Fariborz Jolai", + "Imran Shokr" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Iran" + ], + "Document ID": "2108-SHOKR-IRN", + "Document Title": "A novel humanitarian and private sector relief chain network design model for disaster response", + "Document Summary": "The private sector is widely regarded as a useful element in the emergency response to disasters. Humanitarian organizations tend to cooperate with the private sector to deliver aids to affected areas and mitigate the complexity of disasters. In this paper, we propose an efficient relief chain consisting of a humanitarian organization (HO) and third-party logistics providers (3PLPs) to tackle the issue of decentralized planning and decisionmaking in humanitarian logistics. The relief chain is expected to benefit both the HO and the 3PLPs. To this end, we developed a novel bi-level two-stage multi-objective stochastic programming model. The robust equivalent of the proposed model is also developed to cope with uncertainty. A Benders decomposition algorithm is tailored to solve large-scale problems. An actual earthquake is investigated as case-study to test the model’s real-world applicability. Finally, a number of managerial insights are inferred by analyzing the findings of this research. ", + "Key Findings": "The results indicate that bi-level programming can be a suitable approach to the problem when the relief chain involves decentralized decision-makers. The approach helps model the problem from the viewpoint of a leader (i.e. the HO) and several followers (i.e. the 3PLPs). The result is an equilibrium solution for both the state-run HO and the PS. Furthermore, the results reveal that the contribution of the PS postdisaster can significantly decrease the unmet demand for relief items. Our findings suggest that 3 PL can enhance the overall performance of the relief chain. It would thus be worthwhile for the HO to secure the services of a sufficient number of 3PLPs to utilize their resources and capabilities. Comparing the results of the HO and 3PLPs’ share of relief item distribution, it appears that a considerable share of delivering relief items categorized as food can be delegated to the 3PLPs; a decision that is almost guaranteed to save more lives. ", + "Key Recommendations": "The authors would like to recommend the following six ideas for future research based on the findings and limitations of this study:\n• While this study assumes that the HO pays the 3PLPs based on their transportation flows, another way of approaching this aspect could be to devise a partnership contract between the HO and the PS to improve the relief chain’s cost-sharing structure;\n• The proposed model may be expanded by agreeing supply contracts, such as quantity flexibility contracts, with relief item suppliers to guarantee sufficient relief items for the HO in pre- and post-disaster phases;\n• Researchers may look into the potential disruptions a disaster event can cause at the sites of 3PLPs which, for instance, may hamper the relief chain’s performance by decreasing their transportation capacity. The HO can consider backup 3PLPs in the area and examine the impact of such modifications on different models;\n• The HO can utilize the storage capacity of the 3PLPs pre-disaster, such that the 3PLPs temporarily allocate some of their warehouse capacity to pre-position relief items pre-disaster.\n• Modeling joint pre-disaster interactions and operations between the HO and 3PLPs, such as relief item procurement and pre-positioning, would make for an interesting study in the field of disaster response.\n• Finally, it may be possible to use a dynamic approach and formulate the problem of this study through multi-stage – rather than two-stage – stochastic programming in order to allow a longer planning horizon.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2212420921004830", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Other" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Efficiency and Effectiveness", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Humanitarian Assistance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Peer-reviewed article or other research report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "For-profit Commercial Entity", + "Local Business" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Middle East" + ], + "Year": "2021" + }, + { + "Country(ies)": [ + "Turkey" + ], + "Document ID": "2108-TURKO-TUR", + "Document Title": "Istanbul Earthquake Scenario Business Preparedness Report", + "Document Summary": "TURKONFED has included crisis management as a strategic priority and, TUSIAD established an Earthquake Task Force (ETF) in December 2020 to increase awareness regarding the preparation process for the earthquakes among its members. TUSIAD and TURKONFED, in collaboration with SEDEFED and Business for Goals (B4G) and with the financial support of the UPS Foundation, have organized a series of workshops in February and March 2021 to establish road map for the expected strong Istanbul earthquake scenario.", + "Key Findings": "Business associations can provide unique added value in intersectoral coordination, as they already have well-organized sectoral coordination mechanisms in place. Other priority is to strengthen both intersectoral and public-private coordination during crises, building on existing mechanisms and plans.", + "Key Recommendations": "- Provide tools and templates to companies before the event and provide crisis management guidance after the event.\n- Conduct risk and capacity assessment at sector level before the event and provide crisis management guidance after the event.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.business4goals.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/Istanbul-Depremi-Senaryosu.pdf.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Transportation and Warehousing", + "Energy", + "Telecommunications", + "Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, and Hunting", + "Financial Services" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "UPS" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;", + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "TUSIAD", + "TURKONFED" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Humanitarian Assistance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Systematic review or Meta-analysis", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Micro, Small, or Medium Enterprise", + "Large Enterprise" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Europe and Eurasia" + ], + "Year": "2021" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Vivian Valencia Godoy", + "Natalia Niño", + "Ana Maria Ulloa", + "Simon Turner" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Colombia" + ], + "Document ID": "2108-TURNE-COL", + "Document Title": "The Role of Intersectoral Action in Response to COVID-19: A Qualitative Study of the Roles of Academia and the Private Sector in Colombia", + "Document Summary": "The integration of health services with other sectors is hypothesised to support adaptation of health systems in response to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This study identified barriers and enablers associated with intersectoral coordination at an early stage of the pandemic. The study focused on the roles played by the academic and private sector in different areas of public health planning and delivery concerning COVID-19 in Colombia.\nA qualitative approach was used to understand stakeholders’ experiences and perceptions of intersectoral working in response to COVID-19 in three Colombian cities (Bogotá, Cali and Cartagena). Between March and November 2020, data was collected via semi-structured interviews conducted online with 42 key actors, including representatives of governmental bodies, universities, and professional associations. The dataset was analysed thematically using a combination of inductive and deductive methods", + "Key Findings": "[The] study highlighted the roles that universities and the private sector played in response to COVID-19. These included augmenting Colombia’s clinical capacity and laboratory testing capacity, providing evidence to inform public health decision-making in response to unfolding events, coordinating actors from different sectors to address common issues, and extending networks and skills to support actions for community reach, technology development, and logistics. Even though Bogotá, Cali, and Cartagena differ in their population, the size of their territory, and in their installed network of health providers and universities (with Bogotá the largest and Cartagena the smallest of the three), we found that in the three cases academic institutions and the private sector played similar roles.", + "Key Recommendations": "This study showed that intersectoral coordination has played an important role in responding to COVID-19 in Colombia. Coordination was influenced by substantive and situational enablers and barriers. Based on our findings, policy-makers should focus on addressing substantive barriers to coordination, including the pre-existing tensions and mistrust among national and local healthcare actors, strict regulations and limited financial and human resources, while providing support for situational enablers, including alignment of public and private actors’ interests, intersectoral government support and establishing frequent communication channels and formal spaces of interaction among sector, in processes of decision-making.\nFurther qualitative research is needed that includes the perspective of frontline staff on intersectoral working in response to COVID-19. Such work might examine the potential impact on the well-being of rank-and-file staff in universities associated with responding to COVID-19, to see how this compares to the impact on those involved on the front-line in the delivery of health services, for example, stress and burnout in both sectors have been reported. (pg. 11)", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.ijhpm.com/article_4110_ac4021c364788901586af7498bec3e77.pdf", + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Ability to Influence Policy", + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "International Journal of Health Policy and Management" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "COVID-19" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Health" + ], + "Type of Document": "Peer-reviewed article or other research report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Formal Sector" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Latin America and the Carribean" + ], + "Year": "2021" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Miyamoto International" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Colombia" + ], + "Document ID": "2109-BRITO-CLO", + "Document Title": "PREPARE Eje Cafetero - Colombia Semi-Annual Performance Report", + "Document Summary": "This PREPARE Eje Cafetero project semi-annual performance report covers activities carried out from September 30, 2020 to March 31, 2021, and corresponds to the first reporting period where the primary focus of start-up and coalition-building activities relate to Indicator 1.2: Number of people participating in discussions about national risk reduction strategies as a result of the project. The Miyamoto staff, together with the Eje Cafetero counterparts (among which are departmental and municipal authorities, governments, disaster risk management authorities, emergency response groups, academia, national level institutions and the private sector) carried out the signing of the Memorandum of Understanding (MoU), as well as the planning and coordination of upcoming activities aimed at meeting the proposed objectives. These activities include the beginning of the collection of existing information related to seismic risk for the creation of a regional repository, a strengthening strategy based on a diagnosis and baseline, an evaluation of the logistical and operational capacity of eleven USAR teams; and, planning the provision of six courses in incident command system and basic life support.", + "Key Findings": "This report draws progress from the USAID PREPARE Eje Cafetero Program. It demonstrates that despite the fact that the Eje Cafetero is a region united by tradition and culture and has stood out for the good relationship between its inhabitants and its authorities, there is no solid cooperation in several areas, each department and the capital city has a different economic development and progress where the rivalry for the leadership of the region is evident.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00XJ9N.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Engineering & Construction" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Efficiency and Effectiveness", + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments", + "Risk-Mitigation and Flexible Authorities" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID", + "Miyamoto International" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "COVID-19" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Humanitarian Assistance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Latin America and the Carribean" + ], + "Year": "2021" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Alessandra Cozzolino" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "2109-Cozzo-GLO", + "Document Title": "Platforms Enhancing the Engagement of Private Sector in Humanitarian Relief Operations", + "Document Summary": "As disasters become progressively more frequent and complex, better collaboration through partnerships with private business becomes more important. This research aimed to understand how platforms support the engagement of the private sector—especially logistics businesses—in\nhumanitarian relief operations. The study was based on a literature review and on an investigation of an emblematic case of the cross-sector platform, recognized at a global level in logistics and supply chain management, between the United Nations World Food Programme and the Logistics\nEmergency Teams (WFP/LET), composed of four global leading logistics providers. The insights resulting from this paper may be of particular interest to both academics and professionals regarding the two sectors, profit and non-profit. This is because the implementation of the platform reflects\nthe concrete benefit for people in need reached by the humanitarian relief operations. It may also constitute a useful tool for building an agile supply chain capable of being resilient in responding to sudden and unexpected changes in the context, both in humanitarian and commercial supply chains.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/6/3024 ", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Business Services", + "Technology" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities", + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;", + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "MDPI" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Humanitarian Assistance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Financial Institution, Investors, and Intermediaries", + "Multi-national Business" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2021" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Avery Ouellette", + "Araba Sapara-Grant", + "Daniella Maor" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "2109-MAOR-GLO", + "Document Title": "Primer on Private Sector Engagement in Fragile and Conflict- Affected Situations", + "Document Summary": "This primer provides an overview of what makes engaging the private sector different in fragile and conflict-affected situations. The primer offers broad suggestions around special considerations and extra steps—in line with and in addition to PSE best practice—that may need to be taken to ensure that partnerships or alliances are advancing peace and stability. These suggestions bring together guiding principles and the latest thinking across PSE, conflict, humanitarian, and resilience work though PSE in FCS is very much an emerging practice.", + "Key Findings": "Adding a Third Dimension to Shared Value:\nThe preferred approach to engaging the private sector, across contexts, is by advancing shared value where development objectives intersect with core business interests. In FCS, we must apply a third layer of intersection to ensure a partnership or alliance also aligns with principles such as Do No Harm and Conflict Sensitivity to foster stability and resilience.\n\nNot All Companies are Alike:\nIn FCS, the private sector can serve as a bulwark against chaos by contributing many positive attributes necessary for stability such as jobs, tax revenue, and the provision of essential goods and services. Most businesses typically thrive in more stable environments ---characterized by transparency and accountability. However, some private sector actors perform better in chaos and are able to maintain a privileged position by participating in entrenched patterns of corruption, advancing their own special interests at the expense of the collective good. Understanding each private sector actor’s role in the system, as well as any potential embedded relationships (to the greatest extent possible within the context of imperfect information), is essential to making the right decisions around how and with whom to. engage. Selecting partners whose interests align with peace and stability is key to encouraging inclusivity and fairness rather than further enforcing behaviors or actions that exacerbate inequalities and conflict.\n\nPSE Best Practice is More Important than Ever in FCS:\nA PSE best practice, across all contexts, is to conduct upfront prospecting, or opportunity identification, ahead of selecting partners and areas of collaboration. This upfront prospecting is essential to understanding individual companies’ role in the system and by extension who the most strategic and impactful set of partners might be to USAID. \n\nGetting Beyond Financial Support:\nThere is a clear need for USAID and its implementing partners to shift away from contributing only, or primarily, financial support, to also accompanying their private sector partners throughout engagement in navigating these environments to gain access to human capital, data, information, and infrastructure. USAID and IPs have a key role to play in brokering relationships with other essential market actors, including peer firms, government, civil society, and other donors or development actors. USAID and IPs can also accompany firm partners in problem solving and unlocking constraints throughout partnership implementation, leveraging their convening power when necessary and appropriate to draw other key actors into dialogue or action. By shifting into this active, facilitative and accompaniment role, USAID and IPs can add value by acting as catalysts for positive change; as facilitators of constructive, peace promoting activities; as key contributors to an enabling environment that supports stability; and as influencers of stability.", + "Key Recommendations": "The PSE in FCS community of practice may benefit from more detailed guidance focused on designing and implementing engagements to advance each of the specific objectives of conflict prevention and stabilization, resilience, and humanitarian assistance. Future pieces that explore institutional considerations, signaling essential points for USAID Mission engagement as well as where implementing partners are best positioned to contribute would be particularly valuable. Reflection on cultural and operational shifts that USAID and implementing partners may each need to enact for their respective staff to habitually fulfill the role of active and equal partner to their company counterparts (rather than as primarily financiers) could help raise awareness about the critical elements needed to effectively engage the private sector in these contexts.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.marketlinks.org/sites/default/files/media/file/2021-10/MSP%20PSE%20in%20Fragile%20and%20Conflict%20Affected%20Situations%20Primer_FINAL_10.13.21_2.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Fast Moving Consumer Goods", + "Processing & Manufacturing", + "Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, and Hunting", + "Financial Services", + "Technology" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships", + "Reputation and Credible Convening Power" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;", + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Conflict", + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "COVID-19" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Humanitarian Assistance", + "Peace & Security", + "Democracy, Human Rights, & Governance", + "Agriculture and Food Security", + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "Industry Publication", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Large Enterprise", + "Micro, Small, or Medium Enterprise", + "Local Business", + "Regional Business", + "Financial Institution, Investors, and Intermediaries", + "Corporate Foundation" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2021" + }, + { + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "2109-USAID-GLO-A", + "Document Title": "CATALYZING PRIVATE FINANCE FOR CLIMATE ACTION: LEARNING BRIEF", + "Document Summary": "This document looks at how it is necessary for USAID to encourage and provide funding dedicated to climate change. This document focuses on three key lessons for donors to help with climate change funding: map out the design of funding early, be aware of conditions for donation, and use the investment with the right resources.", + "Key Findings": "EARLY-STAGE DESIGN ENABLING CONDITIONS\n-Identify and assess investment opportunities, sources of capital, and financing gaps\n-Maximize climate benefit by considering the tradeoffs and synergies of adaptation and mitigation\n-Support investment readiness of firms and projects\n-Include Indigenous Peoples and local community engagement\n-Support proof of concept in new sectors and technologies\nENABLING CONDITIONS\n-Build awareness of government on the business cases and opportunities of climate action\n-Support regulatory and policy reform and systems to enhance credit risk ratings\n-Facilitate public-private dialogue to improve alignment and accelerate negotiations\n-Assist local financial sectors to embed climate considerations into policy\nand practice\n-Improve climate measurement and data analytics for better risk incorporation and cost reductions\nINVESTMENT FACILITATION\n-Sequence interventions and identify the right tools for innovation\n-Couple technical assistance with catalytic capital, guarantees, or risk insurance to improve project viability\n-Assist in capital raise and proving business case with fund structuring, catalytic capital, and transaction advisory services", + "Key Recommendations": "1) Support for awareness building for government agencies on the business cases and opportunities of climate action, more conducive policies, legislative reforms, and enhanced credit risk ratings contribute\nto creating a more conducive environment for investment.\n2) Convening and facilitating dialogue can improve alignment among public- and private-sector actors that can reduce the time needed to negotiate climate deals and maximize sustainable adoption of climate\ninitiatives.\n3) Supporting local financial sectors to embed climate consideration into policy and practice can help to mainstream climate in policies and investments.\n4) Support for climate measurement and data analytics brings down carbon trading costs and improves project design with better risk incorporation.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.usaid.gov/sites/default/files/2022-05/Catalyzing_Private_Finance_for_Climate_Action_-_Case_Study_Analysis-compressed_1.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Financial Services" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities", + "Ability to Influence Policy" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Reputation and Credible Convening Power", + "Risk-Mitigation and Flexible Authorities", + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Environment/Climate Change" + ], + "Type of Document": "Impact Evaluation Report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Formal Sector" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2021" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Dalberg", + "USAID" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Seychelles", + "Brazil", + "Indonesia", + "Mexico", + "Nigeria", + "South Africa" + ], + "Document ID": "2109-USAID-GLO-B", + "Document Title": "CATALYZING PRIVATE FINANCE FOR CLIMATE ACTION: CASE STUDY ANALYSIS", + "Document Summary": "This document examines eight case studies around the world regarding climate finance. It does this by answering key questions for each of the documents that include: What is the problem and overall solution?; How does the model work?; What is the donor role; How did the donor role create additionality?; What are climate impacts?; What are the realized or expected human impacts?; and What are lessons learned that supported increased speed and scale of climate action? By answering these questions, this document found that catalyzing private sector finance for climate action is pivotal for limiting global warming and blending finance can catalyze private sector investment that allows donors and commercial capital providers to “invest alongside one another to increase the speed and scale of climate solutions.” \n", + "Key Findings": "Catalyzing private finance for climate action is essential to achieving goals for limiting global warming. Global climate financing currently available is insufficient to meet the minimum USD 1.6 trillion annual target needed to keep warming within the 1.5-2°C range.\nUSAID seeks to play a pivotal role in climate action, increasing funding to partner countries and reducing global emissions by half by 2030.\nBlended finance can catalyze private sector investment for climate action with financial structuring that enables impact-oriented donors and commercial capital providers to invest alongside each other to increase the speed and scale of climate solutions.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.usaid.gov/sites/default/files/2022-05/Catalyzing_Private_Finance_for_Climate_Action_-_Case_Study_Analysis-compressed_1.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Financial Services", + "Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, and Hunting", + "Energy", + "Other" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Flexibility and Pace", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Reputation and Credible Convening Power" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;", + "Advancing Learning and Market Research;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Environment/Climate Change" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Micro, Small, or Medium Enterprise", + "Large Enterprise" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2021" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "CBI" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global", + "Pakistan", + "Indonesia", + "Sri Lanka", + "Nigeria", + "Philippines" + ], + "Document ID": "2110-CBI-GLO", + "Document Title": "Guidance Note: Conflict Sensitivity in Private Sector Disaster Management", + "Document Summary": "This document provides guidance for the private sector on conflict sensitivity in disaster management responses. It includes short illustrative case studies. ", + "Key Findings": "Key Takeaways:\n• Conflict sensitivity is an obligation and a commitment to Do No Harm that CBi Member Networks must consider in their disaster management interventions before, during and after crises.\n• Initiatives and interventions that adopt a conflict-sensitive approach are more effective, and help to strengthen social cohesion.\n• To be conflict sensitive, CBi Member Networks and other private sector stakeholders need to actively assess and monitor the potential impacts of their activities on different groups, and make adjustments to mitigate risks and strengthen local capacities for social cohesion.\n", + "Key Recommendations": "Recommended actions and key points to consider\n1. Understand the context: Assess the context (national, local or other) in which you operate, ideally in partnership with others; Identify potential high-risk sectors and/or companies to pay heightened attention to; Gather and share lessons learned on how companies gather information on the context through political risk analysis, environmental and social impact assessments, supply chain assessments, etc.\n2. Assess your intervention against the context: Dedicate sufficient time to reflect how the network’s programming could have an impact – intended or unintended – on different groups and on existing tensions within communities; Conduct due diligence on member companies (if and as possible) and/or ask if partners have already conducted due diligence on them; Encourage companies to sign on to the UN Global Compact Ten Principles (and ask why not if they are not willing).\n3. Adjust your operations if and as needed: Identify the key risks and potential mitigation measures; If necessary, adjust your operations to deliver the intended outcome; Provide a feedback mechanism and take corrective action if complaints are raised by any stakeholder group; In circumstances where it is impossible to be completely conflict sensitive, the network and its partners need to weigh the potential benefits against the harm of implementing the intervention (tradeoffs).", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.pdrf.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Guidance-note-on-conflict-sensitivity.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Other" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Risk-Mitigation and Flexible Authorities", + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "OCHA", + "UNDP" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "COVID-19" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Humanitarian Assistance", + "Peace & Security" + ], + "Type of Document": "White Paper/Think Tank Report", + "USAID Region": [ + "Asia", + "Afghanistan and Pakistan", + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2021" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Janto S. Hess" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Thailand" + ], + "Document ID": "2110-HESS-THA", + "Document Title": "Private sector climate change adaptation of accommodation suppliers in the small island of Koh Tao, Thailand", + "Document Summary": "This peer-reviewed paper dives into tourist industries in Koh Tao, Thailand, approach questions of climate change and sustainability, as their profitability depends on the survival of vulnerable islands. Within the broader context of rising sea levels, local engagement, and funding gaps, this paper finds that though the threats are recognized and understood, politics and interpersonal dynamics within the elites create stumbling blocks to developing actionable pathways.", + "Key Findings": "The results from Koh Tao provide clear evidence that most of the sampled accommodation businesses are negatively affected by impacts that are commonly related to or exacerbated by climate change. Climate change related risks, however, are not perceived as posing the biggest threat to their businesses. This discernment conflicts with the fact that most sampled businesses already do implement measures that can, in theory, be labeled as being adaptation action. It is, therefore, possible to argue that the respondents recognize climate change in their investment decisions, although it appears to be a rather reactive and unconscious form of recognition. The existing recognition and related investments also lead to the conclusion that the accommodation owner-managers have a clear interest to address business risks, including those posed by climate change. The private sector (accommodation suppliers) itself, however, likely do not bother how actions that reduce their business risks in regard to natural hazards are being labeled. The findings also show that adaptation behavior of accommodation suppliers appears to be influenced by power dynamics on Koh Tao. There is a concentration of power among a few families, which can hinder a sustainable and climate risk-informed development pathway and investment decisions of individual accommodation businesses.", + "Key Recommendations": "Future research should, therefore, consider and investigate more differentiated forms (passive, reactive, and anticipatory) of private sector adaptation. Building up on this study, an assessment of the relation between adaptation action of tourism industry stakeholders and governmental climate change adaptation planning and budgeting processes could, furthermore, provide policy-relevant findings indicating whether advanced government-led climate change response frameworks affect the strategic investment decisions (consciously or not) of tourism industry stakeholders.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10225706.2021.1981956?journalCode=rage20", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Hospitality/Tourism" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Asian Geographer" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Environment/Climate Change" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "For-profit Commercial Entity" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Asia" + ], + "Year": "2021" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Izael Da Silva", + "S. Wagura Ndiritu", + "Edward M. Mungai" + ], + "Document ID": "2110-munga-mlt", + "Document Title": "Unlocking climate finance potential and policy barriers—A case of renewable energy and energy efficiency in Sub-Saharan Africa", + "Document Summary": "This document examines climate finance potential and policy barriers regarding renewable energy and energy efficiency in Sub-Saharan Africa. Due to population growth, urbanization and economic growth, clean energy is needed in Sub-Saharan Africa for a better future. This paper examines the potential for renewable and energy-efficient energy sources, by analyzing five investment indicators. It also examines the policy barriers in Sub-Saharan Africa that could hinder the expansion of climate friendly energy. The document found that there is a great investment potential, especially with new technologies; the climate issues need to be addressed in a systematic way that treats it as a development issue; policy needs to be improved to scale-up public funding; and the government needs to close the climate finance gap that is necessary for sustainable development. ", + "Key Findings": "Drawing on MTP and against a broader background of climate finance, this paper quantified the climate investment potential in renewable energy and energy efficiency in select SSA countries. From the review, it emerges there is vast climate finance investment potential for the private sector in SSA, particularly with the deployment of RE and E.E. technologies. As such, countries need to treat climate change as a development issue that needs to be addressed systematically in their respective development strategies and policies. An approach that\nis envisioned to translate into low carbon development as well as\npromoting resource use efficiency and increase private investments.", + "Key Recommendations": "1) There is substantial climate finance investment potential for the private sector in SSA, particularly for deploying RE and EE technologies.\n2) Countries need to treat climate change as a development issue that needs to be addressed systematically in their respective development strategies and policies.\n3) Improved policy and regulatory environment are paramount in scaling up public funding and attracting private sector climate-resilient investments.\n4) Government needs to create significant synergies with the private sector to close the climate finance gap necessary for sustainable development.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S266691612100030X", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Energy", + "Financial Services" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Efficiency and Effectiveness", + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Ability to Influence Policy" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge", + "Reputation and Credible Convening Power" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Advancing Learning and Market Research;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Elsevier" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Environment/Climate Change" + ], + "Type of Document": "Peer-reviewed article or other research report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Formal Sector" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2022" + }, + { + "Country(ies)": [ + "Philippines" + ], + "Document ID": "2110-OCHA-PHL", + "Document Title": "Integrating Conflict Sensitivity in Private Sector Disaster Management ", + "Document Summary": "This case study provides key takeaways, challenges, and lessons learned from the Philippine Disaster Resilience Foundation (PDRF) as it responded to conflicts in Zamboanga and Marawi City.", + "Key Findings": "Key Takeaways:\n• Implementing conflict sensitivity in private sector disaster management is not always as straightforward as theory might suggest, as non-textbook challenges may occur along the way that disrupt programme design and implementation.\n• It is critical for private sector networks to start somewhere, act effectively and efficiently, and do as much as possible with the resources and knowledge available.\n• The concept of conflict sensitivity was new to private sector stakeholders responding to the conflicts in Zamboanga and Marawi City, but with a simplified process for analysis and tailor-fitted tools, private sector actors were able to play a vital role in rebuilding fragile and conflict-affected communities.", + "Key Recommendations": "The authors highlight the following recommendations: simplify language when needed; remain adamant by integrating the conflict sensitivity/do not harm approach; keep an open mind through community engagement and ownership; coordinate among stakeholders and across projects", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.preventionweb.net/publication/integrating-conflict-sensitivity-private-sector-disaster-management-lessons-philippine", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Food & Beverage" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Pepsi-Cola Products Philippines Inc.", + "Metro Pacific Water" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Connecting Business Initiative" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Youth", + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "COVID-19", + "Conflict" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Humanitarian Assistance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "For-profit Commercial Entity" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Asia" + ], + "Year": "2021" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Guatemala", + "El Salvador", + "Haiti", + "Dominican Republic", + "Burkina Faso", + "Niger", + "Peru", + "Paraguay", + "Congo (Kinshasa)", + "Rwanda", + "Tanzania", + "South Africa", + "Zambia", + "Albania", + "Bosnia and Herzegovina", + "Kosovo", + "Montenegro", + "North Macedonia", + "Serbia", + "Bangladesh", + "Indonesia", + "Philippines", + "Ethiopia", + "Sri Lanka" + ], + "Document ID": "2110-PALLA-MLT", + "Document Title": "USAID CATALYZE Year 2 Annual Report ", + "Document Summary": "This annual report summarizes the progress made over the past two years as well as the next steps of USAID's CATALYZE. CATALYZE, implemented by Palladium, was launched in October 2019 to support local and international\nbusinesses and investors, as well as other key market actors to solve the world’s most pressing challenges. Over eight years, CATALYZE intends to unlock $2 billion in private-sector financing for development impact, especially in underserved social sectors and frontier countries, using up to $250 million in catalytic capital from USAID. CATALYZE enables USAID missions and bureaus to meet their development objectives and those of host countries and regions by designing and delivering innovative programs in target countries and sectors that can be sustained over time with private capital. \nOver the past two years, 17 USAID missions and bureaus have committed $105.22 million to support programming in 25 countries to achieve CATALYZE’s mandate. The resources have since been organized into eight activities.", + "Key Findings": "While each activity under the CATALYZE umbrella varies based on market and country context, all are geared to leverage significant private capital to co-invest with USAID to build “beyond aid” solutions that will continue to generate meaningful results for underserved populations and geographies into the future.\n\nThis year, eight CATALYZE activities—Asia – Social Protection; CATALYZE Peru; Edufinance; Ethiopia – Market Systems for Growth (MS4G); Sahel – Finance for Resilience; Sri Lanka Private Sector Development (PSD); Western Balkans Engines of Growth (EoG); and Women’s Economic Empowerment (WEE)—collectively designed and operationalized blended finance approaches that led to mobilizing $10.79 million in private capital for 20 firms (of which 7 percent are female-owned) in five countries (Ethiopia, North Macedonia, Peru, Serbia, and Zambia).\n\nOver the past year, in addition to mobilizing capital, CATALYZE activities were also able to provide $430,000 in COVID-19 relief to nine small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Sri Lanka and place 2,424 individuals (of which 58 percent are female, and 57 percent are youth) into gainful employment in Ethiopia.\n\nCATALYZE has also been highly effective this past year in bringing new implementing partners into the USAID space, principally those from the private sector, and will continue to grow this base in future years.To date, CATALYZE is working with over 170 implementing partners across eight major activities.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00ZBXF.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Educational Services", + "Financial Services" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Palladium" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships", + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;", + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment", + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "COVID-19" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Economic Growth", + "Agriculture and Food Security", + "Education and Social Services" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Micro, Small, or Medium Enterprise" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Asia", + "Latin America and the Carribean", + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2021" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "SHOPS Plus" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Tanzania" + ], + "Document ID": "2110-SHOPS-TZA", + "Document Title": "Tanzania Private Health Sector Assessment Update: Health Markets Snapshots and Future Priorities", + "Document Summary": "“Tanzania Private Health Sector Assessment Update” follows up on an assessment from 2012 regarding the state of Tanzania’s private healthcare sector to identify the health areas that have been improved and where new challenges have emerged. The original assessment found that Tanzania’s private sector played an important role in providing a wide array of healthcare services and that the country had a comprehensive framework of legislation and regulation for this sector. Finally, there were political commitments to increasing public-private engagement in the health system. However, this was still in the early stages and partnerships were narrow in scope. This update found that during the last decade, private facilities have doubled, reporting frameworks have improved, and more private health providers have been included into public health insurance schemes. However, roughly 75% of Tanzanians do not have insurance and struggle to access care, market sustainability for priority products is unclear, and both funding instability and plans for new facilities may result in reducing funding to faith-based organizations in opposition to the goal of public-private partnerships. \n\nThe report recommends (1) further increasing partnerships between government insurance and private providers, (2) support and growth of efforts towards sustainability of private health care, (3) increased investment in innovations and enterprises within the health sector, (4) magnifying the scale of digital reporting, (5) widen access to financing for smaller private providers, (6) support the private sector in efforts to create, introduce, and scale models for health interventions, particularly ARV and HIV prevention, (7) support faith-based facilities and improve their self-reliance.\n", + "Key Findings": "Overall, the PSA found that Tanzania had already developed a comprehensive regulatory framework and mobilized political commitments to further public-private engagement in the health system. At the time of the assessment, though, efforts to capitalize on this framework and will remained nascent, under-resourced, and limited in scope.", + "Key Recommendations": "- Increase contracting between NHIF and iCHF and private providers.\n\n- Support initiatives to improve stewardship and sustainability of the private health sector. \n\n- Invest in health sector innovators and health enterprises in Tanzania.\n\n- Scale the use of innovative digital reporting for private sector providers to report data to DHIS2\n\n- Deepen access to finance opportunities for smaller private providers\n\n- Support private sector strategies to introduce and scale up new models for multi-month ARV dispensing, as well as new HIV-prevention products.\n\n- Support market development strategies for ARVs and long-acting family planning\nmethods.\n\n- Support faith-based facilities to adopt new business models that increase their self-reliance.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://shopsplusproject.org/resource-center/tanzania-private-health-sector-assessment-update-health-markets-snapshots-and", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Health Care" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Abt Associates" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "Youth" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Health" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "For-profit Commercial Entity" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2021" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Costanza Strinati", + "Sandra Guzmán", + "Chavi Meattle", + "Yaxin Zhu", + "Githungo Wakaba", + "Sean Stout", + "Matthew Solomon", + "Paul Rosane", + "Rajashree Padmanabhi", + "Pedro de Aragão Fernandes", + "Baysa Naran", + "Barbara Buchner" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "2112-Buchn-GLO", + "Document Title": "Global Landscape of Climate Finance 2021", + "Document Summary": "The 2021 Global Landscape of Climate Finance analyzes climate finance flows along their life cycle. First, it examines the sources and intermediaries of finance, followed by the instruments used and the purposes and sectors served. It then presents the geographic profile of climate finance flows, before concluding with a discussion of the current outlook for global climate finance and ways to improve tracking practices in the future.", + "Key Findings": "Total climate finance has steadily increased over the last decade, reaching USD 632 billion in 2019/2020, but flows have slowed in the last few years. This is a worrying trend given that COVID-19’s impact on climate finance is yet to be fully observed. The increase in annual climate finance flows between 2017/2018 and 2019/2020 was only 10% compared to previous periods, when it grew more than 24%.\n\nAn increase of at least 590% in annual climate finance is required to meet internationally agreed climate objectives by 2030 and to avoid the most dangerous impacts of climate change.\n\nAdaptation finance continues to lag. Finance for adaptation increased by 53% reaching USD 46 billion in 2019/2020 compared to USD 30 billion in 2017/2018. Despite this positive trend, total adaptation finance remains far below the scale necessary to respond to existing and future climate change. \n\nPublic climate finance increased by 7% from 2017/2018, remaining largely stable at 51% (USD 321 billion) of the total. \n\nPrivate climate investments increased by 13% from 2017/2018, to USD 310 billion. \n\nThe majority of climate finance — 61% (USD 384 billion) — was raised as debt, of which 12% (USD 47 billion) was low-cost or concessional debt. \n\nSolar PV and onshore wind continued to be the main recipient of renewable energy finance, attracting over 91% of all mitigation investment. Renewables were primarily financed through private capital, reflecting the sector’s growing commercial viability.\n\nLow-carbon transport is the fastest-growing sector, with an average increase of 23% compared to 2017/2018. \n\nMitigation investment in hard-to-decarbonize sectors remained low, partly attributed to limited data availability. \n\nMore than 75% of 2019/2020 tracked climate investments flowed domestically. Around USD 479 billion of climate investments was raised and spent within the same country, highlighting the continued importance of strengthening national policies, public finance systems, and domestic regulatory frameworks to encourage investments and address risk.\n\nThree-quarters of global climate investments were concentrated in East Asia & Pacific, Western Europe, and North America, while the remaining regions received less than a quarter. \n\nClimate investment in the economically advanced regions of Western Europe, United States & Canada, and Oceania were primarily funded by private finance, while other regions sourced their climate investments mostly from public sources.", + "Key Recommendations": "Climate finance flows are nowhere near estimated needs, conservatively estimated at USD 4.5 – 5 trillion annually. To achieve the transition to a sustainable, net zero emissions, and resilient world this decade, climate investment must increase drastically. \n\nFilling the investment gap for adaptation is critical to achieving the goals of the Paris Agreement. Finance to adaptation, from both public and private actors, must be scaled by orders of magnitude to respond to current and oncoming climate risks. Information on investment in adaptation must also improve.\n\nImproved and standardized definitions, methodologies, and data access are key to inform necessary climate investment decisions. \n\nWe need credible and coordinated monitoring of commitments, with clear transition plans that include interim goals. Achieving net zero by 2050 will require all public and private actors to align not only investment, but also practices, business models, and portfolios with the goal of limiting global warming to 1.5°C and increasing resilience to a changing climate. \n\nWider and better reporting on the interlinkages between climate finance and other sustainable development goals (SDGs) can help facilitate assessments of progress towards a just and sustainable transition. ", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.climatepolicyinitiative.org/publication/global-landscape-of-climate-finance-2021/?mkt_tok=Njg1LUtCTC03NjUAAAGH1vvgwMtfmT-FMP_9IcDP-BzO1uhZusYjUSUhUW7yK3MdVym22r6y8ebRr_6FYvyR9xz4iG8WQFil0heIFBSNviPu_YeI8r4kc76MxLKArbIoR-g", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Financial Services", + "Energy" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Ability to Influence Policy" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Reputation and Credible Convening Power" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Advancing Learning and Market Research;", + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Climate Policy Initiative" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment", + "COVID-19" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Environment/Climate Change" + ], + "Type of Document": "Landscape Analysis", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Business Association or Cooperative", + "Financial Institution, Investors, and Intermediaries" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2021" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Danielle Maor", + "Bronwyn Irwin", + "Anna Garloch" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "2112-GARLO-GLO", + "Document Title": "Towards Transformational Impact: Synergies of PSE and MSD", + "Document Summary": "This document focuses on the synergies between two approaches within USAID: Private Sector Engagement and Market Systems Development. It argues that they are complimentary and strengthen each other when used together. In particular, both focus on \"transformational impact,\" which is broken down into three pillars: scale, sustainability, and systemic change. Both PSE and MSD contribute to those pillars in different ways. The document is about high-level strategy within USAID: it does not pull from specific case studies but does cite USAID reports and frameworks.", + "Key Findings": "• PSE and MSD objectives can intersect in the ambition to drive transformation—systemic change that produces scaled, sustained results—and a shared embrace of the private sector as pivotal actors in catalyzing and investing in this process.\n• Aiming for transformational impact, there are opportunities to build on respective strengths— e.g., MSD can leverage PSE’s strengths in corporate relationship management, diverse investment, and partnership strategies; PSE can leverage MSD’s strengths in systems analysis, replication strategies, and metrics beyond dollars leveraged.\n• Important nuances remain in how PSE and MSD interpret and implement for transformation; understanding this can enhance effective collaboration and learning.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.marketlinks.org/sites/default/files/media/file/2021-12/MSP%20Brief-Towards%20Transformational%20Impact-Synergies%20of%20PSE%20and%20MSD.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Business Services" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Resonance", + "DAI", + "MarketShare Associates (MSA)" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Reputation and Credible Convening Power", + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge", + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;", + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Advancing Learning and Market Research;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Humanitarian Assistance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Industry Publication", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Corporate Foundation", + "Financial Institution, Investors, and Intermediaries", + "Local Business" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2021" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "SHOPS Plus", + "Micah Sorum", + "Lauren Rosapep", + "Anne K. Eckman", + "Mary Beth Hastings" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Tanzania" + ], + "Document ID": "2112-Hasti-TZA", + "Document Title": "Private Health Sector Engagement in Gender-Based Violence Service Delivery: Lessons from Tanzania", + "Document Summary": "Published by Shops Plus, “Private Health Sector Engagement in Gender-Based Violence Service Delivery” summarizes the implementation and results of a 15-month-long training intervention focused on enhancing Tanzanian private sector health providers’ abilities to address gender-based violence. The publication describes how the pilot project Shops Plus developed in cooperation with the Tanzanian government revealed key lessons regarding the possibilities and challenges of offering screening, care, and referral services to victims of GBV. Furthermore, it discusses how the findings from the project relate to and exemplify established effective practices in GBV service delivery. Finally, the brief offers recommendations to enhance Tanzanian and global possibilities of integrating gender-based violence services into the private health sector. \n\nThe recommendations include: (1) partnering with survivors to develop appropriate survivor-centered GBV services; (2) governments have their own responses and those should be understood before implementing new services; (3) regular and supportive supervision improves the quality of service delivery; (4) the costs and supplies necessary should be accounted for to ensure sustainability; (5) private-public partnerships at all levels; (6) resource mapping of GBV services is invaluable to ensure a smooth transition between different supportive resources; (7) policy advocacy should be integrated into the overall response as needed; (8) keep health care services focused on health care by ensuring that all other needs for survivors are covered from other angles, particularly within the public sector; (9) support civil society efforts to eliminate GBV.\n", + "Key Findings": "1. Private providers and facilities are motivated to offer GBV services.\n2. Training, supervision, and community education efforts bolster private sector service delivery.\n3. Private facilities face barriers to sustainably offering survivor-focused services.\n4. Reproductive coercion is common, and private providers do not typically have a protocol to address it.", + "Key Recommendations": "- Consult with survivors to develop survivor-centered approaches to GBV\nservice delivery, including on reproductive coercion. \n\n- Assess the level of government-led response prior to implementation. \n\n- Provide robust supportive supervision.\n\n- Develop a solution on cost and supplies.\n\n- Encourage public-private collaboration at the local, regional, and national levels\n\n- Invest in GBV resource mapping\n\n- Include policy advocacy as needed to facilitate the private sector response. \n\n- Ease providers’ burden through ensuring the strength of critical pathways. \n\n- Support anti-GBV civil society organizations", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://shopsplusproject.org/resource-center/private-health-sector-engagement-gender-based-violence-service-delivery-lessons", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Health Care" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Abt Associates" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Health" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "For-profit Commercial Entity" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2021" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Peter E.D. Love", + "Xinjian Li" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "China", + "India" + ], + "Document ID": "2112-LI-MLT.pdf", + "Document Title": "Procuring urban rail transit infrastructure by integrating land value capture and public-private partnerships: Learning from the cities of Delhi and Hong Kong", + "Document Summary": "This peer-reviewed paper explores financing avenues for transport infrastructure in cities. Within the larger context of private participation in infrastructure (PPI) and public-private partnerships (PPP) more generally, the paper suggests land value capture (LVC) as a complementary mechanism for urban rail projects (URT). The authors draw from two examples in Delhi and Hong Kong to create a conceptual model for using LVC within PPP frameworks. This is proposed as a new potential tool for policy makers looking to strengthen private sector financing of public works.", + "Key Findings": "Our innovative conceptual model provides a comprehensive approach to integrate PPPs with LVC. It thus can be a robust reference to help policy-makers holistically understand the integration of PPPs and LVC for URT systems and identify the critical issues and difficulties for their policies", + "Key Recommendations": "- Setting a regime whereby the value creation mode can reduce the political\ninfluence.\n- Establishing collaboration across government agencies through the\nbundled contract.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0264275121004443", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Transportation and Warehousing" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Efficiency and Effectiveness", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Advancing Learning and Market Research;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Elsevier" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Democracy, Human Rights, & Governance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "For-profit Commercial Entity" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Asia" + ], + "Year": "2021" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "James K. Tibenderana", + "Kolawole Maxwell", + "Shekarau Emmanuel", + "Parvez Mahmud", + "Rubaiyath Sarwar", + "Hannah M. Edwards" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Nigeria" + ], + "Document ID": "2200-Edwar-NGA", + "Document Title": "The impact of the private sector co-payment mechanism (PSCM) on the private market for ACT in Nigeria: results of the 2018 cross-sectional outlet and household market surveys", + "Document Summary": "The private sector plays a large role in malaria treatment provision in Nigeria. To improve access to, and affordability of, quality-assured artemisinin-based combination therapy (QA-ACT) within this sector, the Affordable Medicines Facility-Malaria began operations in 2010 and transitioned to a private sector co-payment mechanism (PSCM) until 2017. To assess the impact of the scheme on the ACT market, cross-sectional household and outlet surveys were conducted in 2018 to coincide with the final stockages of ACT medicines procured under the PSCM.", + "Key Findings": "The subsidy scheme does appear to have had a significant impact on improving availability and affordability of ACT and this is twinned with high consumer demand for malaria treatment from private outlets, particularly among PPMVs. As well as having direct impact through supply of the green leaf brands, the scheme has had indirect effects on the market as a whole, through increasing competition and market share of other, non-green leaf brands. With the end of the subsidy scheme, increased competition for market share can be expected and steps need to be taken to ensure these competing brands are of a high quality, and that the market is kept free of sub-standard and falsified ACT medicines, and AMT medicines. As well as methods to aid QA-testing of new and existing products, regular monitoring of the post-subsidy, open market is needed such as that seen with bed net distribution programmes and in agriculture.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.researchgate.net/publication/358566199_The_impact_of_the_private_sector_co-payment_mechanism_PSCM_on_the_private_market_for_ACT_in_Nigeria_results_of_the_2018_cross-sectional_outlet_and_household_market_surveys", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Health Care" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "BMC" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Health" + ], + "Type of Document": "Peer-reviewed article or other research report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Regional Business" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa" + ], + "Year": "2022" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Giang Vu", + "Pham Hong Hanh" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Vietnam", + "Indonesia" + ], + "Document ID": "2200-Hong-VNM", + "Document Title": "A Case Study on Responsible Supply Chain Financing in Viet Nam", + "Document Summary": "This case study examines the relationship between the IFC, McCormick and Company, and CITIbank in Vietnam and Indonesia. Specifically the study looks at the black pepper supply chain and how they can provide discounted rates while improving their environmental and social performances. The financial partnership aims to expand the emerging markets that McCormick can invest in. The study found: “ The benefits of Supplier Finance (“SF”) as an innovative financing tool to promote responsible investment by both domestic small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and multinational corporations (MNCs)” and “The need for an enabling framework in emerging markets to increase demand for this type of financing.” It also looks at the long-term sustainability of the investment to see the impact it has on social and environmental performance and found that differential pricing mechanisms could be beneficial. The study recommends that future investments look into utilizing supplier financing for low-carbon investment plans. \n", + "Key Findings": "1) Investment allows suppliers receive an earlier payment than the contractually agreed payment, which typically takes from 30 to 180 days. Since the discount rate offered by the GTSF is calculated based on the credit profile of McCormick, it can lower Suppliers’ cost of capital by 25-50 basis points, in addition to the difference in local interest rates in Viet Nam vs. interest rates in the US. It also helps to increase the resiliency of the smallholder farmers that grow their key herbs and spices.\n2) Investment helps McCormick reach its Purpose-led Performance Goals by financially incentivizing its Suppliers for improvements in their sustainability performance as determined by McCormick. It also improve McCormick’s performance through more efficient supply chains.\n3) Investments enabled the financial institution to provide support to SME suppliers that could not be reached directly. For example, not many SMEs can borrow money directly from IFC. At the same time, the initiative demonstrates the benefits of supplier finance in emerging markets.\n4) The benefits of Supplier Finance (“SF”) as an innovative financing tool to promoteresponsible investment by both domestic small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and multinational corporations (MNCs)\n5) The need for an enabling framework in emerging markets to increase demand for this type of financing.", + "Key Recommendations": "Businesses need financing either for investment or as working\ncapital for daily operations. Thus, access to suitable instruments\nto manage working capital requirements is key in global efforts to\nreduce the finance gap, particularly for small and medium-sized\nenterprises.\nSF products have the potential to improve the prospects for entrepreneurs who are held back by a lack of fixed collateral and limited offerings of appropriate credit products by financial institutions. Due to its unique structure, SF enables suppliers to larger global buyers to receive faster payment of invoices raised via a finance facility that is supported by using the creditworthiness and the strength of the buyer’s business as security for the lender, making it a win-win situation for all parties.\nStill, IFC noted that financial institutions in many emerging economies find it challenging to offer these products due to a lack of financial infrastructure, technological capacity, resources, and awareness. Regulators and policymakers in emerging countries should develop the enabling framework to increase demand for this type of funding.", + "Internet URL of Document": "http://exchange.growasia.org/ifc-and-mccormick-company-case-study-responsible-supply-chain-financing-viet-nam ", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Food & Beverage", + "Financial Services" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "McCormick" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Ability to Influence Policy", + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge", + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Advancing Learning and Market Research;", + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "asean", + "UKAID", + "International Institute for Sustainable Development", + "Grow Asia" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "For-profit Commercial Entity", + "Micro, Small, or Medium Enterprise" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Asia" + ], + "Year": "2022" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Betsy Ness‐Edelstein", + "Denise Mainville", + "Judy Geyer", + "Tulika A. Narayan1" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "2200-naray-mlt", + "Document Title": "An evaluation framework and empirical evidence on the efect of pay-for-results programs on the development of markets for welfare-enhancing agricultural technologies", + "Document Summary": "This document examines how private sector investment and creativity is needed to help solve the global food security crisis. Currently pay- for-result schemes are used to catalyze private sector investment. In these schemes, development organizations give prizes to the private sector for achieving pre-specified goals. This document looks at the successful and failed pay-for-result schemes to give advice to the private sector. The lessons that were learned include: “structuring the prize to encourage the creation of competitive agricultural markets; aligning the prize structure with the development goal of improving smallholder farmers’ food security; and constructing a theory of change that reflects a thorough understanding of the baseline market, enabling environment, and underlying assumptions about competitors’ response to the prize.” These findings show how private sector investment can help global food security. ", + "Key Findings": "The lessons highlighted from these examples illustrate the importance of structuring the prize to encourage the creation of competitive agricultural markets; aligning the prize structure with the development goal of improving smallholder farmers’ food security; and constructing a theory of change that refects a thorough understanding of the baseline market, enabling environment, and underlying assumptions about competitors’ response to the prize.", + "Key Recommendations": "• Under certain conditions, pay-for-results mechanisms can help develop competitive, smallholder-inclusive agricultural markets and reduce food insecurity.\n• Prize competitions ofering multiyear, proportional prizes are more conducive than grand prizes to fostering the development of competitive agricultural markets.\n• Te enabling environment plays a signifcant role in pay-for-results mechanisms’ success or failure.\n• Private sector-led actions alone may not be sufcient to adequately address the targeted development challenge.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://agricultureandfoodsecurity.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40066-021-00346-1", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, and Hunting", + "Financial Services", + "Food & Beverage" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation", + "AgResults" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;", + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Agriculture Food and Security" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Agriculture and Food Security" + ], + "Type of Document": "Peer-reviewed article or other research report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Corporate Foundation", + "Formal Sector" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2022" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "UNFCCC" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "2200-UNFCC-GLO", + "Document Title": "Fifth Biennial Assessment and Overview of Climate Finance Flows ", + "Document Summary": "The fifth Biennial Assessment (BA) conducted by the Standing Committee on Finance (SCF) provides an updated overview of climate finance flows up until 2020, highlighting the trends therein, and an assessment of the implications of these flows for international efforts to address climate change. The fifth BA includes: \n\n(a) Information on recent developments in methodologies related to the tracking of climate finance at the international and domestic level, the operational definitions of climate finance in use, and the indicators for measuring the impacts of climate finance as well as emerging methodologies that support tracking the consistency of finance flows; \n(b) An overview of climate finance flows from developed to developing countries, and available information on domestic climate finance, cooperation among developing countries and other climate-related finance flows that constitute global climate finance; \n(c) An assessment of the key features of climate finance flows, including their composition and purpose; an exploration of the effectiveness, accessibility and magnitude (in the context of broader flows) of climate finance flows; and insights into country ownership and alignment of climate finance flows with the needs and priorities of beneficiaries. ", + "Key Findings": "Methodological issues related to transparency of climate finance:\n1. New reporting tables will improve the information on climate finance submitted by Parties. \n2. The coverage and granularity of reporting on climate finance received by non-Annex I Parties is improving. \n3. Systems to track domestic public climate finance are growing in both developed and developing countries. \n4. Renewable energy, CCU/S, electrified transport, energy efficiency of buildings, and water management and supply are the most common mitigation activities listed across international, regional and national taxonomies or classifications. \n5. Climate finance providers are advancing more indicators and metrics to measure what climate finance is achieving on the ground.\n6. Increasing efforts are being made to enhance the transparency and comparability of approaches for tracking consistency with low-emission and climate-resilient development pathways. \n\nOverview of climate finance flows in 2019–2020:\n1. Global climate finance flows were 12 per cent higher in 2019–2020 than in 2017–2018, reaching an annual average of USD 803 billion, with the trend being driven by an increasing number of mitigation actions in buildings and infrastructure and in sustainable transport, as well as by growth in adaptation finance.\n2. The continued decline in renewable energy technology costs in 2019–2020 compared with those in 2017–2018 meant that renewable energy investments, despite the economic slowdown caused by the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, remained close to the record high in 2017.\n3. Government pandemic recovery packages included up to USD 513 billion of spending allocated to green or climate-related measures (21 per cent of the total USD 2.5 trillion) up until the end of 2020. \n4. Public climate finance flows from developed to developing countries increased by between 6 and 17 per cent, depending on the source, in 2019–2020 compared with 2017–2018.\n5. Mitigation finance constituted the largest share of climate-specific financial support through bilateral, regional and other channels, at 57 per cent (USD 17.9 billion).\n6. UNFCCC funds and multilateral climate funds approved a combined USD 2.9 billion and USD 3.5 billion for climate change projects in 2019 and 2020 respectively.\n7. MDBs provided USD 46 billion and USD 45 billion in climate finance to developing and emerging economies in 2019 and 2020 respectively. \n8. Data on private climate finance flows to developing countries remain challenging to compile and assess. \n9. The increase in submissions of BURs from non-Annex I Parties resulted in a greater amount of information on finance being available for the fifth BA than for previous BAs. \n10. Trends in South-South climate finance flows varied depending on the source of finance. \n\n Assessment of climate finance flows:\n1. The collective goal of jointly mobilizing USD 100 billion per year by 2020 to address the needs of developing countries in the context of meaningful mitigation action and transparency on implementation was not fully met in 2020.\n2. More public finance flows from developed to developing countries are for mitigation than for adaptation, yet adaptation finance has grown significantly through bilateral channels and MDBs. \n3. Public adaptation finance is predominantly delivered through grants while public mitigation f finance predominantly takes the form of loans.\n4. Reflecting their geographical and population sizes, Asia and Africa are the regions receiving the largest total amounts of public climate finance. \n5. Support provided to the LDCs and SIDS as a proportion of overall public climate finance flows remained relatively stable compared with previous years. \n6. In 2019–2020, funding provided to the SIDS accounted for 3 percent of bilateral flows, 7 percent of approvals from multilateral climate funds and 2 percent of MDB climate finance.\n7. Between 2016 and 2020, private climate finance mobilized by developed countries for developing countries through bilateral and multilateral channels totalled USD 66.8 billion.\n8. Accreditation to multilateral climate funds increased by 36 percent in 2019–2020, driven by a rising number of national and regional institutions being accredited; however, while national and regional accredited entities now account for more than half of all accredited entities, they accounted for only 10 percent of financial outflows in 2019–2020. \n9. Interest in country platforms that facilitate country ownership of climate finance flows and their alignment with national priorities is emerging. \n10. Reported expected and actual results from climate finance providers indicate an increase in portfolio-level emission reductions and number of beneficiaries reached.\n11. The way in which gender issues are addressed under the governance and operational frameworks of the operating entities of the Financial Mechanism and multilateral climate funds has improved.\n12. Global climate finance flows are small relative to the overall needs of developing countries. ", + "Key Recommendations": "Recommendations on methodological issues related to climate finance flows are as follows: \n(a) Encourage Parties to report on climate finance provided, mobilized, needed and received in the new common tabular format for their first biennial transparency report to the highest level of granularity possible; \n(b) Encourage Parties to adopt or follow green- and climate-budgeting approaches and improve or establish climate finance tracking systems at the domestic level to inform their implementation of nationally determined contributions and adaptation communications; \n(c) Encourage climate finance providers and recipients to report climate finance provided, mobilized, needed and received at both the activity- and the country-level; \n(d) Encourage climate finance and data providers to further improve the data and the methodologies necessary for tracking private finance mobilized by developed countries, and others in a position to do so, through technical assistance, policy support and other public interventions for climate action in developing countries; \n(e) Encourage Parties and climate finance providers to enhance their methodologies for measuring and reporting on climate finance results and impacts; \n(f) Encourage Parties and climate finance providers to enhance their reporting on the qualitative aspects of climate finance, including policies, approaches and other factors related to strong enabling environments and delivering results; \n(g) Encourage Parties through the enhanced transparency framework and taking into account the work of the SCF on definitions of climate finance, to better track climate finance provided, mobilized, needed and received;\n(h) Encourage climate finance providers and data aggregators, in keeping with social inclusion and the potential value of information and data from the informal private sector and from local and indigenous communities, as well as noting the usefulness of proxy data, to incorporate into their systems the tracking of climate finance flows and impacts relating to these stakeholders;\n(i) Encourage climate finance providers to enhance their reporting on elements relevant to Article 2, paragraph 1(c), of the Paris Agreement, thus increasing the ability to advance work related to pathways for low-emission, climate-resilient development.\n\nAdditional recommendations on the overview and assessment of climate finance flows are also outlined in the full report.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://unfccc.int/topics/climate-finance/resources/biennial-assessment-and-overview-of-climate-finance-flows", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Financial Services", + "Energy" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "UNFCCC" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "COVID-19" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Environment/Climate Change" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Financial Institution, Investors, and Intermediaries" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2022" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "UNFCCC" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "2200-UNFCC-GLO-B", + "Document Title": "Report on progress towards achieving the goal of mobilizing jointly USD 100 billion per year to address the needs of developing countries in the context of meaningful mitigation actions and transparency of implementation", + "Document Summary": "This report is mandated through decision 4/CP.26, paragraph 19, whereby the COP requested the SCF to prepare a report in 2022 on progress towards achieving the goal of mobilizing jointly USD 100 billion per year to address the needs of developing countries in the context of meaningful mitigation actions and transparency on implementation, taking into account the Climate Finance Delivery Plan and other relevant reports, for consideration by COP 27, and to continue to contribute to assessing the achievement of the goal in the context of the preparation of its biennial assessment and overview of climate finance flows. ", + "Key Findings": "Although mandated as a collective goal, several reports by non-Party stakeholders highlight the lack of burden sharing framework among developed countries as a challenge to hold individual developed countries accountable for shortfalls in achieving the goal. The studies find approximately seven countries out of 24 Annex II Parties, consistently meet their “fair share” of climate finance provision according to different indices and methods (Bos and Thwaites, 2021; Colenbrander et al., 2022; Colenbrander et al., 2021). \nA key challenge, as noted in various sources of information, is mobilization of private finance from public interventions (COP26, 2021; Bhattacharya et al., 2020).\nThe IPCC AR6 identified slowing and unstable GDP growth due to worsening climate impacts such as greater and rising intensity of floods, droughts, forest fires and storms, that raise private financing costs and deteriorating public fiscal positions and rising indebtedness as headwinds already affecting climate finance flows before 2020. The disruption of COVID-19 and global energy and food supply shocks has further exacerbated these challenges with public finance reallocated to pandemic relief and economic recovery measures.\n\nAdditional findings explored included challenges and lessons learned to ensure mobilization addresses the needs of developing countries (i.e., aspects related to data and reporting quality, access to finance), in the context of meaningful mitigation action and transparency on implementation, and in measuring progress to support implementation of the goal.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://unfccc.int/process-and-meetings/bodies/constituted-bodies/standing-committee-on-finance-scf/progress-report", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Financial Services", + "Energy", + "Food & Beverage" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "UNFCCC" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "COVID-19" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Environment/Climate Change" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Financial Institution, Investors, and Intermediaries", + "Formal Sector", + "For-profit Commercial Entity", + "Large Enterprise" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2022" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Dalberg", + "DAI" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "2201-DALBE-GLO", + "Document Title": "MOBILIZING FINANCE FOR INFECTIOUS DISEASE PREVENTION, DETECTION, AND RESPONSE: LEARNING BRIEF", + "Document Summary": "This learning brief from USAID covers ways in which finance can be leveraged to respond, prevent, and detect infectious diseases. Set within the context of major funding gaps for the financing necessary to address infectious disease on a global scale. The brief focuses on ways that blended finance can be used to fill those gaps, highlighting different available tools to achieve that. The brief also emphasizes the “additionality” framing to underscore the benefits of blended finance, both from a financial standpoint and an ecosystem standpoint. The brief wraps up with case studies showing different successful approaches and key learnings. ", + "Key Findings": "Incentivizing innovation by covering initial costs can support private sector actors to overcome constraints that deter investment needed to perform R&D for health innovations.\n\nDonors can help companies navigate new markets and launch innovations that can fill gaps in public\nhealth systems by covering up-front costs for pilots. \n\nStrengthening capabilities and providing financial support can demonstrate commercial viability and demystify health care initiatives for investors\n\nProviding working capital to health care SMEs that cannot take out loans supports continuity of operations during an infectious disease outbreak.\n\nProviding experienced implementing partners with expedited access to funding during an emergency can result in faster action than working with newer organizations.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.usaid.gov/documents/mobilizing-finance-infectious-disease-prevention-detection-and-response-learning-brief", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Health Care" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities", + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Risk-Mitigation and Flexible Authorities", + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Advancing Learning and Market Research;", + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "COVID-19" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Health" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Formal Sector", + "For-profit Commercial Entity", + "Financial Institution, Investors, and Intermediaries" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2022" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Gulnaz Muneer", + "Mohamed Hafar", + "Abdelmohsen A. Nassani", + "Khalid Zaman", + "Bushra Usman", + "Haroon ur Rashid Khan" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "2201-KHAN-GLO", + "Document Title": "The impact of carbon pricing, climate fnancing, and fnancial literacy\non COVID‐19 cases: go‐for‐green healthcare policies", + "Document Summary": "This document examines the impact of carbon pricing, climate financing, and financial literacy on COVID-19 cases. It shows that green climate policies help the COVID-19 pandemic in a positive way. The study does this by evaluating the cross-sectional panel of 43 nations in regards to climate funding, financial literacy, and carbon pricing in lowering exposure to coronavirus cases. The report gave three recommendations for countries to consider based on its findings: 1) Climate financing is a green effort for air pollution reduction; 2) Imposing a tax on polluting output is deemed beneficial to enhance environmental quality via carbon reduction; and 3) Financial literacy acts as a knowledge spillover, allowing for the development of policies to broaden the base of climate finance and the application of carbon taxes on polluting industries.", + "Key Findings": "The fndings indicate that climate fnance signifcantly reduces coronavirus exposure by introducing green fnancing initiatives that beneft human health, which eventually strengthens the immune system’s ability to fght infectious illnesses. Financial literacy and carbon pricing, on the other hand, are inefectual in controlling coronavirus infections due to rising economic activity and densely inhabited areas that enable the transmission of coronavirus cases across countries. Similar fndings were obtained using the alternative regression apparatus. The COVID-19 predicted variable was used as a “response variable,” and climate fnancing was shown to have a favorable impact on containing coronavirus exposure. As shown by the innovation accounting matrix, carbon pricing would drastically decrease coronavirus cases’ exposure over a time horizon. The study concludes that climate fnance and carbon pricing were critical in improving air quality indicators, which improved countries’ health and wealth, allowing them to reduce coronavirus infections via sustainable healthcare reforms.", + "Key Recommendations": "i) Climate financing is a green effort for air pollution reduction. Carbon emissions are the primary cause of environmental degradation, which has a detrimental efect on human health. Unhealthy individuals are more prone to infection by infectious illnesses, including COVID-19. Therefore, there is a more considerable need to enhance climate fnance to explore green energy sources and improve energy efciency. Renewable energy sources are considered environmentally and humane, advancing the global sustainability agenda for healthcare.\nii) Imposing a tax on polluting output is deemed benefcial to enhance environmental quality via carbon reduction. Carbon pricing is a regulation choice made by the government to rein in pollution levels, which ultimately improves the healthcare agenda. Coronavirus is a fatal illness likely to spread by photochemical smog and fuel combustion; thus, it is critical to improving air quality standards to avoid infectious diseases.\niii) Financial literacy acts as a knowledge spillover, allowing for the development of policies to broaden the base of climate fnance and the application of carbon taxes on polluting industries. Making the appropriate investment in cleaner production technologies is only achievable with knowledge of green finance instruments that help attain the healthcare sustainability goal. It is desirable to invest in sustainable healthcare technology in order to limit coronavirus cases on a worldwide scale.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35064505/", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Health Care", + "Financial Services" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Risk-Mitigation and Flexible Authorities" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Advancing Learning and Market Research;", + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Environmental Science and Pollution Research" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "COVID-19" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Health", + "Environment/Climate Change" + ], + "Type of Document": "Peer-reviewed article or other research report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Formal Sector" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2022" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Carol Reyes Rios" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "2201-RIOS-GLO.pkl", + "Document Title": "Higher Education and Industry Collaborations: A Primer", + "Document Summary": "This primer was created by USAID to focus on private sector collaboration with higher education. It is part of USAID’s wider Higher Education Learning Agenda. The short document reviews the logic, benefits, and common challenges of such collaborations. Importantly, it also provides a variety of example models based on previous successes. The document argues in favor of further collaborations and serves as a basic introduction to how they might work.\n \n \n \t\t\nThis primer was created by USAID to focus on private sector collaboration with higher education. It is part of USAID’s wider Higher Education Learning Agenda. The short document reviews the logic, benefits, and common challenges of such collaborations. Importantly, it also provides a variety of example models based on previous successes. The document argues in favor of further collaborations and serves as a basic introduction to how they might work.\n", + "Key Findings": "HEIs, industry, and in many cases, governments have a long history of collaboration, and evidence shows that there are many benefits in forming collaborations to enhance the relevance and quality of teaching and learning, and research and innovation. According to the triple helix model and the national innovation system approach, in today’s global economy, HEICs are key to a country’s development because they drive the production and flow of knowledge, technology, information, and skills through the interaction of the public, private, and education sectors. For HEIs, HEICs can provide financial support for educational, research, and service missions; enhance the experience and expertise of their students and faculty; increase employment opportunities for students; and boost regional economic development. And, although implementing HEICs may present challenges, collaborations can be successful if proactive steps are taken to mitigate the risks.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.edu-links.org/sites/default/files/media/file/Higher%20Education%20and%20Industry%20Collaborations_%20A%20Primer_508%20version.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Educational Services" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Reputation and Credible Convening Power", + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Youth" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Education and Social Services" + ], + "Type of Document": "Peer-reviewed article or other research report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "For-profit Commercial Entity" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2022" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "SHOPS Plus" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Haiti", + "Afghanistan", + "Dominican Republic", + "India", + "Madagascar", + "Nepal", + "Nigeria", + "Pakistan", + "Senegal", + "Tanzania" + ], + "Document ID": "2201-SHOPS-MLT", + "Document Title": "Sustaining Health Outcomes through the Private Sector Plus Project", + "Document Summary": "The Sustaining Health Outcomes through the Private Sector Plus project was the United States Agency for International Development’s flagship initiative in private sector health. Since 2015, the project worked in more than 30 countries to harness the potential of the private sector and catalyze public-private engagement to improve health outcomes in family planning; HIV/AIDS; maternal, newborn, and child health; tuberculosis; and other health areas. This report provides an overview, accomplishments, and lessons from more than six years of work improving public-private engagement for better health.", + "Key Findings": "Associations, networks, and franchises:\n- Associations representing private providers give greater legitimacy and voice to providers in dialogue and negotiations with the public sector\n- Access to insurance reimbursements and links to payment schemes can be an impetus for organizing private providers\n- Organizing drug shops into associations improves their capacity, builds stronger public-private ties, and improves the delivery of key commodities and services at the last mile\n- Family planning social franchises empower women providers \n\nCorporate engagement:\n- Integrating family planning into the broader corporate health program increases receptivity \n- Cast a wide net and fail fast \n- Slow and steady engagement reaps rewards \n\nDigital health:\n- Involving the end user in the design of the technology will result in greater success\n- Engagement is key to improve private sector reporting into national health management information systems\n\nGender: \n- Female health providers require tailored support to improve access to credit \n- Private providers and facilities are motivated to offer gender-based violence services\n- Private providers can bring gender bias to family planning counseling and service delivery\n\nHealth financing: \n- An intermediary can facilitate relationships and build trust between public and private health entities\n- Contracting with government-sponsored insurance schemes is an important sustainability strategy for NGOs \n- Private facilities benefit from support throughout the contracting process \n\nPharmaceutical partnerships and social marketing:\n- Social enterprise models present one path to improve the sustainability of social marketing programs \n- Using third-party distributors can improve efficiency, sustainability, and impact \n- Distributors can be motivated to launch critical health products by identifying a market gap and the right partner\n\nProvider access to finance and business training:\n- Data and support are key to motivating banks to lend to the health sector \n- Drug shops are often left out of financing options and require targeted solutions \n- Remote facilities continue to face challenges in access to finance \n\nPublic-private engagement:\n- Knowing private providers’ service offerings, specialties, and locations is essential for effective public-private engagement\n- Building the capacity of the public sector to engage with the private sector requires more than just training stakeholders \n- Inclusion of the private sector in strategic planning helps support greater engagement \n\nQuality of care: \n- Consider the unique needs of non-networked private providers and facilities\n- Knowledge gaps can be addressed through training, but structural gaps in the facility and practice environment require a strong partnership with the government or increased access to finance for providers \n- Training needs to be accompanied by supportive supervision \n\nSocial behavior change:\n- Digital communications platforms have wide engagement \n- Public and private sector partners can play a key role in amplifying campaign messages\n- Support from health care providers adds credibility to health messages ", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://shopsplusproject.org/sites/default/files/resources/SHOPS%20Plus%20Final%20Report_1.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Business Services", + "Educational Services", + "Financial Services", + "Health Care", + "Media", + "Pharmaceuticals", + "Retail" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Iris Group International", + "Avenir Health", + "Insight Health Advisors", + "Banyan Global", + "Prophalab" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Ability to Influence Policy", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships", + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge", + "Reputation and Credible Convening Power" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Advancing Learning and Market Research;", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;", + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Abt Associates" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Youth", + "COVID-19", + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Health", + "Education and Social Services" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "For-profit Commercial Entity", + "Corporate Foundation", + "Financial Institution, Investors, and Intermediaries", + "Business Association or Cooperative", + "Regional Business", + "Local Business" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2022" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Nidia Garavito", + "Jerónimo Cárdenas", + "Paula Lozano", + "Simón Mejía", + "Juan Sebastián Henao", + "Anamaría Martínez", + "Jaime Arteaga" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Colombia" + ], + "Document ID": "2202-ARTEA-COL", + "Document Title": "Private Sector Mapping in USAID/Colombia Prioritized Municipalities", + "Document Summary": "Through USAID/Peru’s Alianza Forestal, an activity implemented by AIDER (a Peruvian NGO), seven Indigenous communities are increasing their economic opportunities while conserving a critical natural resource. Alianza Forestal engages various private-sector actors to support the bioeconomy and ecology by helping communities sustainably manage their forests to provide carbon credits and forest and agroforestry products, such as cacao, timber, and handicrafts, and linking them to larger markets. The activity also trains and mentors communities to collect relevant forest information and monitor and report illegal logging and land invasions. The goal is to improve the use of resources through the development of sustainable economic enterprises, restore degraded lands, conserve forests and biodiversity, and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The activity utilizes a Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation (REDD+) mechanism to further these desired outcomes. Companies emitting carbon dioxide or other greenhouse gasses can offset their emissions by buying carbon credits generated by the Indigenous communities.", + "Key Findings": "- The main barriers the surveyed entrepreneurs face are related to a lack of government support, high operating and logistical costs, and employment formalization.\n-Private social investment represents an important source of resources for PDET municipalities and other municipalities prioritized by USAID/Colombia to implement projects related to economic reactivation and agricultural production, rural education and early childhood, and health. According to the IISP, in 2020, PSI in PDET municipalities was made by 63 large companies and reached $ 121.6 million. However, most of this investment (46.5 percent) is concentrated in the PDET regions of Antioquia, Cauca, Caquetá, and Bolívar.\n-The 20 case studies show that the private sector is making productive and social investments in the territories that favor vulnerable populations. In the PDET municipalities, the investment of these companies is concentrated in education, community training, infrastructure development, and environmental conservation.\n-The interest in educational issues involving children, adolescents, and young people is based on a vision of development that promotes the generation of skills in people and the training of human talent so companies can have qualified workers to carry out their productive activities in the territories.\n-Strategies such as public-private partnerships and Colombia’s works for taxes scheme denote a fertile field for the improvement of investment business processes and the implementation of sustainability strategies in PDET regions. These processes are long term and require joint intervention strategies in the territory with different actors.", + "Key Recommendations": "• USAID/Colombia should consider maintaining and promoting relationship mechanisms with local institutions, such as chambers of commerce and regional National Training Service offices.\n• USAID/Colombia should consider companies from the manufacturing, financial, trade, and mining and quarry industries as potential partners in prioritized territories.\n• Within territories prioritized by USAID/Colombia, the USAID Mission should consider promoting mobilization of resources to territories that currently have lower PSIs.\n• USAID/Colombia should consider designing and implement a dissemination plan of its private sector engagement strategy for companies. This would allow greater participation by companies in alliance models promoted by the USAID Mission.\n• USAID/Colombia should consider supporting the structuring of projects by local governments to be included in the Colombia’s Works for Taxes scheme project bank, and for companies to execute these projects through this mechanism.\n• USAID/Colombia should consider offering a support and assistance program for the design and strategic planning of company sustainability portfolios.\n• USAID/Colombia should consider studying the agreements in social and environmental issues and in the licenses for energy, port, and infrastructure projects. Following this analysis, USAID/Colombia should consider supporting mandatory social investment processes, environmental mitigation efforts, and compensation measures, with the goal of ensuring compliance and, wherever possible, increasing impacts.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00Z76S.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Telecommunications", + "Financial Services", + "Food & Beverage", + "Retail", + "Processing & Manufacturing" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Asobancaria", + "Alpina", + "TIGO", + "Unilever", + "Terpel", + "Claro", + "Hocol", + "OLAM", + "Colombina" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;", + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Conflict", + "COVID-19" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Peace & Security" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Latin America and the Carribean" + ], + "Year": "2022" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Kathryn Chelminski" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Philippines", + "Indonesia" + ], + "Document ID": "2202-chelm-mlt", + "Document Title": "Climate Finance Effectiveness: A Comparative Analysis of Geothermal Development in Indonesia and the Philippines", + "Document Summary": "This article investigates climate finance effectiveness in geothermal development in the Philippines and Indonesia. It looks at how domestic policies impact the effectiveness of international agencies. It found that there are three key climate finance mechanisms: utility modifier, social learning and capacity building. These mechanisms work independently and impact the barriers of entry into geothermal development. The report found that the utility modifier mechanism was the most impactful form of aid, but is not self sufficient. The findings suggest that policy changes need to be made to support climate finance and it is necessary to have political will in favor of prioritizing renewable energy development to increase the efficiency of development. The article concludes by recommending to remove financial barriers to entry and to provide technical trainings in local communities. ", + "Key Findings": "The main findings are that the utility modifier mechanism—or development project finance—is the most prominent form of aid but is it not a sufficient mechanism to fully remove the barriers needed to catalyze private investment in geothermal deployment in a self-sustaining way. Project finance (utility modifier) is often intertwined with policy diffusion (social learning) and trainings (capacity building), which more effectively removes barriers to geothermal development. These\nfindings have important policy implications for climate finance and development aid more broadly: to be most effective, climate finance should include a comprehensive package addressing major regulatory, financial, and technical barriers by combining policy advising and technical capacity building with project-based financial aid.\n\nMy findings demonstrate that political willingness to prioritize renewable energy development is a necessary condition for development aid effectiveness, and energy shocks influence political will. These intervening variables play a significant role in the effectiveness of climate finance mechanisms. The paper finds that policy dialogues over years and even decades between international institutions, transnational actors, gov-ernment ministries and industry incrementally led to social learning to ameliorate important regulatory barriers like government funding of exploration drilling in Indonesia or foreign ownership in the Philippines.", + "Key Recommendations": "While much progress has been made in terms of removing barriers to geothermal development in Indonesia and the Philippines, some barriers still remain. The financial barriers in the Philippines are unresolved and may benefit from the proposed risk sharing mechanism or a feed-in-tariff, but further fiscal support for exploration drilling is needed. In Indonesia, the financial barriers are likely resolved with the GREM, but remain untested—only time will tell if this mechanism reduces the financial risks to sufficiently attract private investments. Further technical trainings through vocational programs would benefit developing domestic technical expertise in the local geothermal industry.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/10704965211070034", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Energy", + "Financial Services", + "Technology" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Ability to Influence Policy", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Reputation and Credible Convening Power", + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "The Journal of Environment & Development" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Environment/Climate Change" + ], + "Type of Document": "Peer-reviewed article or other research report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Regional Business", + "Formal Sector" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Asia" + ], + "Year": "2022" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Mexico" + ], + "Document ID": "2202-ENVIR-MEX", + "Document Title": "Lessons from Engaging the Private Sector in Latin America and the Caribbean: Mexico LandScale", + "Document Summary": "This case study evaluates and communicates landscape sustainability in the Sierra de Tapalpa landscape. This activity aims to promote better management practices in production systems and catalyze multi-stakeholder action to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and improve landscape sustainability. The case study finds that the methods of initial engagement of the private sector and continued effective communication have ensured a shared vision and positive experience for all partners, and provides guidance for the future trajectory of the activity.", + "Key Findings": "USAID/Mexico’s LandScale activity applies the LandScale Assessment Framework to evaluate and communicate landscape sustainability in the Sierra de Tapalpa landscape, including the municipalities of Chiquilistlán, Atemajac de Brizuela, Tapalpa, and San Gabriel in the state of Jalisco. The activity aims to promote better management practices in production systems and catalyze multi-stakeholder action to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and improve landscape sustainability. Since confirming Jalisco as the intervention site at the end of March 2021, USAID and its implementing partner, Rainforest Alliance, have identified and established partnerships with local stakeholders and several key agricultural private sector actors in the region. These partnerships include berry, avocado, potato, and other agricultural producers, along with the Jalisco Agriculture and Agro-Industrial Development Council (CDAAJ), which represents some of these producers. The activity values these partnerships as essential to reach LandScale’s long-term objectives and ensure the sustainability of its impact.", + "Key Recommendations": "In addition, private-sector actors provided two key recommendations around partnerships that could further support the activity’s outcomes and sustainability. First, the activity could include representatives of Mexico’s federal government as part of the committee because of their role in drafting and enforcing federal environmental laws. Second, more direct engagement between the private sector and USAID could generate further confidence in and enthusiasm for the activity.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://biodiversitylinks.org/learning-evidence/lac-pse/documents/pse-learning-brief-mexico-landscale_508.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, and Hunting", + "Business Services" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships", + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge", + "Reputation and Credible Convening Power" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Advancing Learning and Market Research;", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Agriculture and Food Security", + "Economic Growth", + "Environment/Climate Change" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Financial Institution, Investors, and Intermediaries", + "Business Association or Cooperative", + "Large Enterprise", + "Regional Business", + "Multi-national Business" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Latin America and the Carribean" + ], + "Year": "2022" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Guatemala", + "Honduras", + "El Salvador" + ], + "Document ID": "2202-ENVIR-MLT", + "Document Title": "Lessons from Engaging the Private Sector in Latin America and the Caribbean: Regional Coastal Biodiversity Project", + "Document Summary": "This case study discusses the Regional Coastal Biodiversity Project (RCBP) which works to improve the livelihoods of Indigenous and local coastal communities while conserving and reducing threats to mangroves, seagrass beds, coral reefs, and associated upland ecosystems. This project's years of implementation ranges from 2017-2022, and looks at market linkages to increase income of isolated Indigenous and local communities by linking them to customers willing to a pay a premium for sustainably sourced goods. This case study answers the various learning questions associated with the project and provides lessons learned from the project.", + "Key Findings": "Through the Regional Coastal Biodiversity Project (RCBP), USAID works with a consortium of implementing partners, led by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), in partnership with the international nonprofit GOAL and a local NGO in each of three countries, Guatemala, Honduras, and El Salvador. The project works to improve the livelihoods of Indigenous and local coastal communities while conserving and reducing threats to mangroves, seagrass beds, coral reefs, and associated upland ecosystems. To accomplish this, RCBP promotes climate-smart bio-commerce activities, improved governance, restoration projects, and ecosystem monitoring. The project engages a wide range of local community associations and microenterprises and connects them to distributors. Creating linkages between buyers and sellers is expected to increase sales opportunities and help identify supply chain gaps in services, equipment, financing, and best practices.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00Z6ZK.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, and Hunting", + "Hospitality/Tourism", + "Mining & Extractives" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge", + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Advancing Learning and Market Research;", + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment", + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "COVID-19" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Democracy, Human Rights, & Governance", + "Economic Growth", + "Environment/Climate Change" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Corporate Foundation", + "Micro, Small, or Medium Enterprise", + "Large Enterprise", + "Informal Sector", + "Local Business" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Latin America and the Carribean" + ], + "Year": "2022" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Peru" + ], + "Document ID": "2202-Envir-PER", + "Document Title": "Lessons from Engaging the Private Sector in Latin America and the Caribbean: Alianza Forestal", + "Document Summary": "Through USAID/Peru’s Alianza Forestal, an activity implemented by AIDER (a Peruvian NGO), seven Indigenous communities are increasing their economic opportunities while conserving a critical natural resource. Alianza Forestal engages various private-sector actors to support the bioeconomy and ecology by helping communities sustainably manage their forests to provide carbon credits and forest and agroforestry products, such as cacao, timber, and handicrafts, and linking them to larger markets. The activity also trains and mentors communities to collect relevant forest information and monitor and report illegal logging and land invasions. The goal is to improve the use of resources through the development of sustainable economic enterprises, restore degraded lands, conserve forests and biodiversity, and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The activity utilizes a Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation (REDD+) mechanism to further these desired outcomes. Companies emitting carbon dioxide or other greenhouse gasses can offset their emissions by buying carbon credits generated by the Indigenous communities.", + "Key Findings": "This work has shown promise, with positive reviews from participating communities and the resource partner, indicating the sustainability of this activity and the potential to be scaled up beyond the activity’s support.", + "Key Recommendations": "\"Differences in vocabulary and timeliness between USAID, implementing partners, and private-sector partners can pose challenges to effective engagement. Development organizations often use acronyms and reference concepts unfamiliar to the private sector. The private sector may expect measures, such as profitability and cost-savings, not often captured in activity performance indicators. Additionally, USAID’s procurement and approval processes can seem prolonged to private-sector actors accustomed to making decisions at a faster pace. Working with a like-minded private-sector partner familiar with development language and building trust using the method of co-creation helped Alianza Forestal avoid some of these known challenges.\"", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00Z6ZM.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, and Hunting", + "Financial Services", + "Retail" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Pruébalo", + "Polleras de Agus", + "Nii Biri", + "Mirova" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships", + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments", + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment", + "Advancing Learning and Market Research;", + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Agriculture and Food Security", + "Economic Growth", + "Environment/Climate Change" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Formal Sector", + "Micro, Small, or Medium Enterprise", + "Local Business" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Latin America and the Carribean" + ], + "Year": "2022" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Fintrac" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "2202-FINTR-GLO", + "Document Title": "PRIVATE SECTOR PERSPECTIVES The building blocks of successful shared-value partnerships with the private sector", + "Document Summary": "This report provides a retrospective review of a decade of Feed the Future’s Partnering for Innovation (P4I) programming. The report highlights key learnings in making such partnerships successful, underscoring the ways development institutions can provide non-financial value in a way other partners cannot as well as “meeting private sector partners where they are” rather than pushing for change before partnering. The document explains the P4I model in depth as wells as the four key aspects of implementation: alignment, flexibility, efficiency and transparency, and engagement. Overall, it interweaves feedback from partners into the models and discussions, providing a foundation for future P4I style initiatives, potentially beyond agribusiness. ", + "Key Findings": "The key finding of this report is that, from the private sector’s perspective, the success of P4I’s partnerships is built on the two core aspects of the P4I model—a Private Sector-Friendly Partnership Structure and Capacity Building and Support Services—and four partnership characteristics—Alignment, Flexibility, Efficiency and Transparency, and Engagement", + "Key Recommendations": "» Meeting private sector partners where they are: Aligning with companies’ core commercial interests and\ncontext, embracing their need for adaptation, and easing the burdens and bureaucracy of partnering with the\ndevelopment sector.\n» Adding unique, non-financial value: Harnessing knowledge, networks, and influence to engage as business\npartners, offer guidance and support, and provide opportunities for networking, promotion, capacity building, and\ntechnical assistance.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.agrilinks.org/post/building-blocks-successful-shared-value-partnerships-private-sector", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, and Hunting" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Reputation and Credible Convening Power", + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Agriculture and Food Security" + ], + "Type of Document": "Industry Publication", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "For-profit Commercial Entity" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2022" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Holger Grundel", + "Melina Heinrich-Fernandes" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "2202-HEINR-GLO", + "Document Title": "Promoting Responsible Business Conduct: A scoping paper for donors supporting Private Sector Engagement", + "Document Summary": "This report delves into how donor agencies can encourage adoption of Responsible Business Conduct (RBC) standards in pursuit of SDGs. The report discusses the various tools available, including legislation/regulation, facilitation/motivation, partnership/engagement, and publicity/endorsement. The report emphasizes both the need for improved regulatory environments through international and local policy frameworks as well as the need to support the expansion private sector capacity to respond to new standards and regulations. The report goes into detail on definitions and current context of RBC as well as the use of the tools mentioned above, providing overall recommendations for areas donor agencies can focus on to improve RBC uptake. ", + "Key Findings": "Three specific key takeaways for future government-wide actions on RBC include:\n1. The value of multi-stakeholder consultation processes (including donor agencies) in the design of any RBC-related legislation, as well as the need for inter-governmental coordination. While several EU countries already seem to prefer EU-level over national-level legislation, private sector feedback also suggests a strong preference for a level playing field, which could be created by either EU-level legislation or harmonised national-level legislation. \n\n2. The growing need for strategic whole-of-government approaches to RBC, including through overarching policy frameworks and formal coordination mechanisms between relevant government entities (including donor agencies). In many countries, this is also likely to require further capacitybuilding on RBC at all relevant policy levels (e.g., procurement policy).\n\n3. The value of further expanding and enhancing the accessibility of information and capacity-building services, either directly by the government or by third parties, to help businesses navigate the growing range of national legislative requirements, policies and support offers.", + "Key Recommendations": "1. Potential action areas in the context of legislation and regulation on RBC: A key action area for donor agency PSE units is to review implications of any new or forthcoming relevant legislation for their\nprogrammes, potentially with support from legal advisers. This has happened in Germany, for example, where BMZ has reviewed implications of Germany’s 2021 Act on Corporate Due Diligence\nObligations in Supply Chains for its partnership programmes. \n\n2. Potential action areas in the context of facilitation and motivation of RBC: Donor agencies are particularly active in three sets of efforts to facilitate and motivate RBC, thereby tackling different business drivers of RBC and levers of change in the ecosystem in which companies operate. Specific potential areas of future support are summarised below: \n a. Enabling access to voluntary standards and codes of conduct:\n b. Promoting peer pressure, dialogue and other collective action among companies: \n c. Increasing awareness on RBC among consumers and investors:\n d. Coordination within donor agencies (for all efforts to facilitate and motivate PSE):\n\n3. Potential action areas in the context of partnerships and engagement on RBC: Partnerships and engagement with individual companies or private sector groups are typically a core responsibility of donor agency PSE units. While most donors consider RBC in their partner screening and selection (for all kinds of partnerships), the specific approaches for doing so are very diverse and still evolving. Peer exchange among donor agencies (and potentially with DFIs) could therefore be useful to compare and learn from experiences. While still concentrated among relatively few donor agencies, interest in partnerships with the primary objective to promote RBC has been growing in recent years. An initial exchange of experiences and lessons learnt from recent dedicated funds and calls for proposals focused on RBC could therefore help inform future practice. In some donor countries, this may include partnerships to help companies achieve compliance with new RBC legislation. Similarly, it could be of interest to compare donors’ current experiences in how to effectively convene, cofacilitate and contribute to discussions on RBC in national or sector-level private sector groups.\n\n4. Potential action areas in the context of publicity and endorsement: Few clear implications have emerged with regard to publicity for, and endorsement of, RBC performance of individual companies. Probably the most widespread practice among donors is the use of light-touch publicity for positive examples. This could potentially be expanded, e.g., through more systematic thematic or sectoral case studies that illustrate companies’ journey towards better RBC performance. Official government-sponsored awards and labels require appropriate design in order to have a potential positive impact, but they also carry a higher risk for governments.\n\n5. Other implications cutting across RBC instruments: Two cross-cutting key issues for further consideration by donor agencies came up repeatedly in DCED member interviews: \n - Building capacity in donor agencies (and implementing organisations) to incorporate RBC aspects into PSE:\n- Refining approaches for dealing with large companies:", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.enterprise-development.org/wp-content/uploads/DCED_Promoting-Responsible-Business-Conduct_Scoping-Paper-for-Donors-supporting-PSE.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Other" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Ability to Influence Policy" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments", + "Reputation and Credible Convening Power", + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Advancing Learning and Market Research;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Donor Committee for Enterprise Development" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "COVID-19" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Environment/Climate Change", + "Democracy, Human Rights, & Governance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Landscape Analysis", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "For-profit Commercial Entity" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2022" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Jhpiego" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Indonesia" + ], + "Document ID": "2202-Jhpie-IDN", + "Document Title": "MPHD Indonesia Annual Report", + "Document Summary": "This internal report from MOMENTUM discusses Private Healthcare Delivery: Indonesia - Private Sector (MPHD). The goal of the project is to contribute to ongoing national efforts to reduce maternal and newborn mortality, and this report provides a results framework on the MPHD project. The specific objectives of the project include: improving the quality of MNH services delivered by private-sector health care providers in targeted/select areas; working with the MOH to strengthen and develop a national policy and regulatory framework for engagement with the private sector; improving the coordination (e.g., referrals, data collection and reporting, and training/accreditation programs) between the public health system and private providers at the national and district levels in targeted/select provinces.", + "Key Findings": "Though the project made marked progress in its first year setting up project operations and securing stakeholder buy-in, activity implementation was not without its challenges. A few lessons to note from Year 1 include:\n- During the second surge of COVID-19 between June and July 2021, MPHD program implementation was severely affected due to the resulting government-mandated lockdowns. As a result, the project offered support to implement some of its activities to support the GOI during the pandemic. Project staff collaborated at the national-level with the MOH and at the sub-national level with the PHOs, provincial governments, and professional organizations to conduct a series of COVID-19 mitigation webinars, talk shows, and campaigns. We worked to provide education and campaign media to raise awareness of recent MOH guidelines for health care providers and communities regarding protocols on COVID-19 mitigation for pregnant women and newborns, rights and obligations of patients and communities during the COVID-19 pandemic. The webinars also addressed issues of quality and patient safety in MNH services.\n- MPHD faces the unique position of navigating the interests of two different arms of the Indonesian MOH. The focus of the project (MNH) falls within the remit of the Family Health Directorate, while the main (sponsoring) counterpart of MPHD is the Quality and Accreditation Directorate. These directorates are further distinct within the MOH in that they sit under two separate “Directorate Generals.” The diversity of these stakeholders, even within the same MOH, posed challenges for MPHD relating to the alignment of priorities across MOH stakeholders. However, it also served as an important opportunity for the MOH to further consider how public and private facilities and both the primary and referral levels may operate in service of improved MNH outcomes for the Indonesian population.\n- The baseline assessment activity, initially scheduled for earlier in the workplan year, was not implemented until after August 2021. The second wave of the pandemic delayed the MAY Directorate’s ability to send out introductory letters to the five PHOs where the assessment would take place. \n- During Year 1 and throughout the pandemic, the provinces covered by the MPHD project experienced varying degrees of travel restrictions. This complicated efforts to unilaterally roll out project activities and schedule meetings with stakeholders. As travel restrictions were slowly lifted across Indonesia, the project team was able to resume activities and important meetings. ", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00Z756.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Health Care", + "Media" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Ability to Influence Policy", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships", + "Reputation and Credible Convening Power", + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge", + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Momentum", + "USAID", + "Population Services International" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "COVID-19" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Democracy, Human Rights, & Governance", + "Health" + ], + "Type of Document": "Impact Evaluation Report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Financial Institution, Investors, and Intermediaries", + "Regional Business" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Asia" + ], + "Year": "2022" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "SHOPS Plus", + "Mbogo Bunyi", + "Emily Mangone" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Ethiopia", + "Ghana", + "Kenya", + "Nepal", + "Nigeria", + "Philippines", + "Tanzania", + "Uganda", + "Zambia" + ], + "Document ID": "2202-Mango-MLT", + "Document Title": "Market-Driven Digital Innovations for Private Pharmacies and Drug Shops", + "Document Summary": "Published by Shops Plus “Market-Driven Digital Innovations for Private Pharmacies and Drug Shops” is a report that highlights that accelerating the digitalization of health services in middle and low-income countries should be a priority, considering that it is associated with potential benefits like improved use of health information, increased access to essential health products and services, improved efficiency and decreased costs across the supply chain. In particular, the publication argues that digitalization improves the quality, efficiency, and scale of pharmaceutical companies' operations. \n\nThis brief provides a variety of examples of market-driven digital innovations supporting private pharmacies throughout Latin America and the Caribbean. It is part of USAID’s SHOPS program. As pharmacies are an important source of information, products, and services, improvement through adoption of digital tools creates the opportunity for higher quality services and increased revenue for the pharmacies, leading to better and more efficient participation in health markets and improved health outcomes. From the overview of the innovations, the brief provides a series of key takeaways: (1) digital solutions are currently small in scale and scattered; (2) there are many opportunities for innovation within the drugstore market but they are often ignored; (3) there are differences between pharmacies and drug stores that lead to different needs; (4) pharmacists are eager for tools that improve how they engage with their patients; (5) costs matter; (6) scalability between national and regional markets involves tradeoffs; (7) market-based digital approaches can fill current gaps, particularly accounting and reporting.\n", + "Key Findings": "- Digital solutions for pharmacies and drug shops are fragmented and small\nscale in LMIC\n\n- The market for drug shop innovations is overlooked but full of potential\n\n- Because pharmacies are more\nspecialized and regulated than drug shops, pharmacies tend to be more formal, organized, and are earlier adopters of digital solutions\n\n- Pharmacists want better tools for patient engagement\n\n- The cost structure of digital solutions matter\n\n- There are tradeoffs between tailoring digital platforms to a national or\nregional market\n\n-There are gaps where new market-based digital approaches could play a\nsupportive role ", + "Key Recommendations": "Market-driven digital tools that focus on the business case and integrate multiple functions in a modular fashion are needed. Existing tools need to be adapted in response to user feedback and evolving requirements. Digital innovators need guidance to help them recognize important market potential of small pharmacies and drug shops. Finally, pharmacies, and especially drug shops, still need support from donors and implementing partners to build their\ncapacity and demand for these tools, improve the enabling environment, and generate complementary client demand in the markets in which they work.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://shopsplusproject.org/resource-center/market-driven-digital-innovations-private-pharmacies-and-drug-shops", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Health Care" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge", + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Abt Associates" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Health" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "For-profit Commercial Entity", + "Micro, Small, or Medium Enterprise" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Africa", + "Asia" + ], + "Year": "2022" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Fang Zhang" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Germany", + "China", + "India" + ], + "Document ID": "2202-zhang-mlt", + "Document Title": "The policy coordinator role of national development banks in scaling climate finance: Evidence from the renewable energy sector", + "Document Summary": "This article examines national development banks' (NDBs) role in promoting climate finance for domestic renewable energy development. It does this by comparing and analyzing NDBs in China, India, and Germany. The document found that NDBs work as policy coordinators that scale up finance for climate related programmes. “NDBs play this policy coordination role through three mechanisms: 1) providing expertise and channeling market information/feedbacks to the policymaking process to advance renewable energy designs and refinement; 2) mitigating policy gaps or barriers that cannot be, or can only partially be, alleviated by existing renewable energy policies; and 3) providing a coherent and holistic basket of financial services to concentrate resources behind national priorities”. The study also examines the differences in developing and developed countries in regard to their support of renewable energy finance to show how developed countries have made climate policies that facilitate investment. \n", + "Key Findings": ". Governments should focus on a stable and well-designed policy framework to scale up climate finance.\n. NDBs can then serve in a policy coordinator role to amplify the impacts of climate policies.\n. NDBs can provide expertise and channel market information/feedbacks to advance design of climate finance policies.\n. NDBs can mitigate barriers that cannot be, or can only partially be, alleviated by existing climate policies.\n. NDBs can provide a coherent and holistic basket of financial services to\nconcentrate resources behind national priorities.", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Financial Services" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Ability to Influence Policy", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Reputation and Credible Convening Power", + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Taylor and Francis" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Environment/Climate Change" + ], + "Type of Document": "Peer-reviewed article or other research report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Formal Sector", + "Financial Institution, Investors, and Intermediaries" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2022" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Arianna Muirow", + "Lechin Lu" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "2203-LU-GLO", + "Document Title": "Donor Agency Engagement in Gender Lens Investing: Approaches and Opportunities", + "Document Summary": "In recent years, there has been increasing interest in mobilizing private capital to fulfil Sustainable Development Goals, in particular, those related to the empowerment of women and girls. However, the private sector still lacks clarity on the best strategies to invest in gender equality. Thus, this report intends to illustrate the possible approaches that different stakeholders may implement to successfully participate in Gender Lens Investing. In order to achieve this goal, the report examines the shortcomings of strategies that donor agencies typically follow to foster women's economic empowerment and proposes ways to improve them. \n\nUsing case studies, the report suggests effective approaches for donor agencies to fulfill women’s economic empowerment objectives through financial stimulation. Recommendations include increasing gender expertise across the investment process, fostering participatory investment processes, and prioritizing innovations that empower women. Finally, the authors list opportunities where gender expertise in investment should be incorporated, including COVID-19 recovery, informal sector investment, green economies, and Gender-based violence interventions.\n", + "Key Findings": "The field of gender lens investing is dynamic and evolving. In recent years, the field has broadened to include investments at the sectoral and market levels, in addition to the enterprise level, and to take a comprehensive and intersectional approach to gender analysis and impact. An approach to gender lens investing that incorporates attention to power and bias across the investment process dovetails neatly with the goals identified in women’s economic empowerment frameworks. Within this context, we call attention to the role that donor agencies can play in mobilizing private capital to advance gender equality goals. We highlight specific opportunities for innovative investment and mobilization of donor agencies that are already involved in women’s economic empowerment programming to engage with the gender lens investing field, including an increased incorporation of a gender lens in investments related to COVID recovery and response efforts and climate resilience, as well as in all risk analyses. Notably, applying a gender lens in these opportunities strengthens the investment overall and provides a compound avenue for impact that incorporates broad health, social, and environmental outcomes together with increased gender equality goals.", + "Key Recommendations": "This paper is directed toward those donor agencies that wish to make a positive impact on gender equality goals through levers of finance. Thus, we review strategies that donor agencies can leverage to address women’s economic empowerment goals through finance including increased integration of gender expertise across the investment process, catalysing investment through innovative approaches, and ensuring the participation of diverse expertise across the investment process. This paper seeks to demonstrate the role that donor agencies may play as field builders to improve gender equality goals.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.enterprise-development.org/wp-content/uploads/Donor-Engagement-in-Gender-lens-Investing_WEEWG-Paper.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Financial Services" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Risk-Mitigation and Flexible Authorities", + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments", + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Advancing Learning and Market Research;", + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Donor Committee for Enterprise Development" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "Landscape Analysis", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Financial Institution, Investors, and Intermediaries", + "Informal Sector" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2022" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Juan Carlos Martínez-Sánchez", + "Alex Duprey", + "Jamie Liu", + "Jamie Genevie", + "Joanne Potter", + "Molly Hellmuth", + "Laurel Wolf", + "Meegan March" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Antigua and Barbuda", + "Barbados", + "Haiti", + "Jamaica", + "Grenada", + "Guyana", + "Saint Lucia", + "Trinidad and Tobago", + "Dominican Republic" + ], + "Document ID": "2203-USAID-MLT", + "Document Title": "USAID CLIMATE RESILIENCE AND DISASTER RECOVERY CAPACITY ASSESSMENT FOR THE CARIBBEAN REGION GAPS AND OPPORTUNITIES\nASSESSMENT REPORT", + "Document Summary": "This document studies how USAID can assist Latin America and the Caribbean regarding disaster relief and resilience to climate change, by creating a Caribbean-wide vision. It uses the input from 33 informants to examine the USAID Missions in Latin America and the Caribbean. The Caribbean is at high risk for climate change because of its large quantities of coastal areas, which puts residents at risk. The report found that regional support needs assistance from external sources. USAID has provided program support for these sectors: biodiversity and natural resources, communities and vulnerable populations, infrastructure, and key economic sectors and livelihoods, including agriculture and tourism. Through its analysis the report concluded that USAID succeeded in making strategic and collaborative investments that will promote sustainable practices in a unified Caribbean climate action plan. It also recommends in the future that the plan increases collaboration, scale, alignment, and response. ", + "Key Findings": "1. The level of resilience to climate change varies among countries in the region, with countries at different stages of absorptive, adaptive, and transformative resilience capacity. Donor investment strategies need to reflect this range of capacity and needs while promoting a comprehensive regional approach.\n2. DRM and climate adaptation policies are being developed and refined in many countries, but implementation of these policies is weak due to lack of awareness, regulatory frameworks and enforcement, technical capacity, and funding.\n3. Caribbean institutions require long-term, stable funding to support core operations, build institutional capacity, and conduct research and technology transfer. \n4. Development of data and information about severe events, near-term and seasonal forecasts, climate change, and adaptation strategies is advancing at the regional level. \n5. Technology innovation is progressing in some sectors, such as agriculture and energy, but implementation is limited due to inadequate awareness, low capacity, low market demand, and limited national and regional private-sector suppliers. Penetration of technology innovations in key sectors—including USAID priority sectors of biodiversity, agriculture, and energy—is limited.\n6. Lack of livelihood security in key nature-based economic sectors jeopardizes the ability of communities to respond to climate-related hazards, counteract crime and gender-based violence, and build local resilience. \n7. Lack of financial instruments to manage disaster risk contribute to an ongoing cycle of disaster recovery and response, limiting the ability of countries to invest in adaptation strategies and long-term resilience.\n8. There is a significant lack of private-sector investment and financing of adaptation, DRM, and resilience strategies, limiting the region’s ability to address climate risk at scale and speed.", + "Key Recommendations": "The following key recommended strategies would provide cross-cutting support to build country capacities in the Caribbean region across all four\nbuilding blocks of resilience: institutional, knowledge and technology innovation, human and communities, and financial.\n• Collaborate: Develop a joint Regional Climate Change Adaptation Action Plan and associated Pooled Climate Change Resilience Fund in collaboration with regional institutions, international donors, and national and local stakeholders.\n• Scale: Build on successful USAID programs to scale strong strategies region-wide, such as Caribbean Energy Initiative, Water Security Initiative, and Disaster Risk Financing Initiative.\n• Align: Ensure all USAID sectoral programming fully integrates climate risk and aligns with national NDCs and adaptation plans, including in biodiversity, agriculture, WASH, and energy.\n• Respond: Maintain a diverse, country-driven portfolio while promoting a regional strategy for resilience.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00Z9P8.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Technology", + "Financial Services" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Ability to Influence Policy" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Advancing Learning and Market Research;", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Environment/Climate Change", + "Humanitarian Assistance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Impact Evaluation Report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Regional Business" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Latin America and the Carribean" + ], + "Year": "2022" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Document ID": "2204-Palla-MLT", + "Document Title": "USAID CATALYZE: Mobilizing Private Capital for Development", + "Document Summary": "This is a quarterly report that provides general updates and programmatic trends of USAID CATALYZE during the reporting period. USAID CATALYZE, implemented by Palladium, works with businesses, investors, and other key market actors to solve the world's most pressing challenges. They seek to unlock private sector financing for development impact, especially in underserved social sectors and frontier countries, using up to USD250 million in catalytic capital from USAID. ", + "Key Findings": "Salient trends that can be distilled from major activities in process include: \n\n1. Capital mobilization results are ramping up as expected following an intensive period of design and procurement, reaching USD42.2 million cumulative capital mobilized. Most of the capital mobilized by CATALYZE is in Europe and Africa, followed by Latin America.\n\n2. The most common blended finance, pay-for-result incentive used across all CATALYZE Activities is Business Advisory Services (BAS), although half of all Activities will be applying FI incentives.\n\n3. Debt is the predominant form of capital mobilized for businesses supported by CATALYZE, with factoring as an important, emerging product among two Activities.\n\n4. Cumulative private capital mobilized is principally in the agriculture sector (37% of all capital mobilized by CATALYZE), followed by manufacturing (35%), commerce (16%) and tourism (5%).\n\n5. Forty-one percent of all firms supported by CATALYZE are women-owned, however, women-owned businesses constitute (13%) of all SMEs receiving cumulative financing support under CATALYZE. We expect this percentage to increase with the rollout of gender action plans for each Activity.\n\n6. CATALYZE is supporting a range of business sizes with financing and other supports, from microentrepreneurs to schools to large enterprises, with micro and small enterprises representing the largest group receiving support (73%), but small- and medium-sized enterprises accessing the highest volume of capital. This quarter, 873 entities received support from CATALYZE, including 662 firms, 210 schools and one association.\n\n7. After participating in co-creation of performance work statements for CATALYZE Activities, USAID mission personnel are updated on a weekly, monthly, and quarterly basis with progress reports from each of the CATALYZE activities, thereby improving institutional capability and understanding of how private sector engagement and capital mobilization programming are managed.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00ZBXD.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Educational Services", + "Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, and Hunting", + "Financial Services", + "Hospitality/Tourism", + "Telecommunications", + "Health Care", + "Other" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Palladium" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments", + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge", + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment", + "Advancing Learning and Market Research;", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "USAID" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Economic Growth", + "Agriculture and Food Security" + ], + "Type of Document": "Performance evaluation report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Micro, Small, or Medium Enterprise" + ], + "USAID-Funded?": "checked", + "USAID Region": [ + "Asia", + "Africa", + "Latin America and the Carribean" + ], + "Year": "2022" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Perdinan & Hauwa Kulu Aliyu Abubakar", + "Dodik Ridho Nurrochmat", + "Muhammad Sheriffdeen" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Indonesia" + ], + "Document ID": "2205-SHERI-IDN", + "Document Title": "Effectiveness of emerging mechanisms for financing national climate actions; example of the Indonesia Climate Change Trust Fund", + "Document Summary": "This case study examines The Indonesian Climate Trust Fund to analyze its effectiveness for its new climate action mechanisms. Implementing efficient financing institutions, with regards to climate change, is difficult in developing countries because they lack necessary infrastructure. The study evaluates climate finance prototypes while keeping in mind, “und mobilization, nature of projects, equity and inclusion, alignment and mainstreaming.“ It specifically examined current literature regarding climate change financing and interviews with key stakeholders. It found that the most effective climate finance projects are aligned with national development plans and Sustainable Development Goals. Additionally, principles of equity and inclusion of stakeholders are important to maintain trust. The fund has had difficulty moving funds, due to technology constraints, and needs support from donors and the Indonesian government. \n", + "Key Findings": "Our study found the ICCTF most effective in alignment with national development plans and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). It has implemented climate change adaptation programmes with the principles of equity and inclusion of various stakeholders. The ICCTF has however struggled to efficiently mobilize funds owing largely to technical ambiguities especially in its legal and institutional frameworks, it therefore yet to be utilized to its maximum potentials.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17565529.2022.2057905", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Financial Services" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Efficiency and Effectiveness", + "Ability to Influence Policy" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Advancing Learning and Market Research;", + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Taylor and Francis" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Environment/Climate Change" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Local Business", + "Financial Institution, Investors, and Intermediaries" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Asia" + ], + "Year": "2022" + }, + { + "Country(ies)": [ + "Honduras" + ], + "Document ID": "2205-WORLD-HND", + "Document Title": "CREATING MARKETS IN HONDURAS Fostering Private Sector Development for a Resilient and Inclusive Economy", + "Document Summary": "This document examines how to foster private sector development in Honduras by creating inclusive and profitable markets. Honduras has a lot of potential for economic development because it has a young population, a variety of microclimates, a market-oriented reform agenda, and a convenient geographic location that allows easy access to foreign markets. The COVID-19 pandemic did impact the country’s economic growth, along with tropical cyclones that affected the country. This document examines and gives recommendations for how to expand private sector engagement in the agricultural sector, the manufacturing sector, business processing, and digital finance services. It found that the lack of resources was the main barrier for private sector development. The document gave many time oriented recommendations that addressed the lack of resources and the obstacles to productivity and competitiveness. ", + "Key Findings": "1) Due to Honduras’s agro-ecological conditions, strategic location, and liberal trade policies, the agribusiness sector offers attractive opportunities for investment, employment creation, and broad-based growth.\n2) In the agricultural sector, lack of access to high-quality inputs, financing, infrastructure, logistics services, knowledge systems, and food quality and safety verification, as well as exposure to climate change impacts are key constraints on growth and diversification.\n3) Honduras’s light manufacturing sector, which is largely built on the maquila model shows a strong revealed competitive advantage in several products. \n4) Inadequate public services, a lack of appropriate workforce skills, and the limited local sourcing of raw materials present key challenges in the maquila subsector.\n5) One of the fastest-growing sectors in Honduras is BPO, which offers opportunities to create high-quality jobs while increasing domestic value addition.\n6) The growth of the BPO industry is inhibited by insufficient access to\ntelecommunications infrastructure, the inadequate capacity of national\ntelecommunications networks, low levels of broadband penetration, complex registration processes, and skills mismatches.\n7) Expanding access to DFS among MSMEs could catalyze growth and diversification. The Honduran financial sector is stable, liquid, and well capitalized.\n8) Insufficient capital, limited access to financial infrastructure, and regulatory gaps slow the development of digital financial services among institutions best placed to serve MSMEs.", + "Key Recommendations": "1) To achieve the targets of the Honduras 20/20 strategy, the authorities must address the challenges described above and create the necessary conditions to increase product complexity. \n2) Shifting consumer trends create an opportunity for Honduran producers to move from cotton to synthetic knits.\n3) The limited supply of woven fabrics in the region highlights the opportunity for new investments in textiles mills.\n4) The development of eco-friendly solutions can be a source of competitive advantage.\n5) Honduras has opportunities to diversify to other markets beyond the United States.\n6) Greater regional coordination will enhance regional trade and strengthen Central America as an economic bloc.\n7) As the US nearshoring process accelerates, and global supply chains shorten, Honduras is well placed to capture new buyers and strategic investors.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.ifc.org/wps/wcm/connect/82c14b40-0d09-43b0-bba3-e346b1b82ddd/cpsd-honduras-summary.pdf?MOD=AJPERES&CVID=o2ZAETG", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Business Services", + "Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, and Hunting", + "Processing & Manufacturing", + "Financial Services" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities", + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships", + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Advancing Learning and Market Research;", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "International Finance Corporation" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "COVID-19" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Economic Growth" + ], + "Type of Document": "Landscape Analysis", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Micro, Small, or Medium Enterprise", + "Financial Institution, Investors, and Intermediaries" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Latin America and the Carribean" + ], + "Year": "2022" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Nisar Majid", + "Catriona Murdoch", + "Susanne Jaspars" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "2206-Jaspa-GLO", + "Document Title": "Digital feast and famine: Digital technologies and humanitarian law in food security, starvation and famine risk", + "Document Summary": "This working paper examines the role digital technologies play in regards to food security, starvation, and famine risk. It does this by looking at the role of digital technologies in international law. The document discusses perpetrators of violence use social media to manipulate populations and how they can shut down technology, which can cause serious food security issues. Digital technologies are also used by the private sector to assess food security, famine risk, and starvation crimes. The study found that private sector participation is rarely concerned with humanitarian concerns and digital technologies can address this issue by analyzing the private sector’s participation. Digital technologies are not concerned with international human law, which is why this paper is valuable in starting the conversation surrounding how digital technologies can be used in humanitarian law in regards to food security. ", + "Key Findings": "Cyberoperations are increasingly used in war to disrupt or shutdown networks, and we explore whether and how the prohibition of starv- ing civilians under IHL applies. In conflict situations, warring parties can manipulate social media and shutdown mobile phone and internet connections, which has serious implications for the severity of conflict, food systems and livelihoods. As digital technologies proliferate, humanitarian and human rights organisations use them to assess food security, famine risk and starvation crimes. Famine researchers and legal experts have used digital forensics as part of investigations into famine crimes. A key risk in digitalised assistance is politically motivated exclusions or persecution based on centralised digital beneficiary identification systems. Extensive private sector involvement also raises an issue about the impartiality, neutrality and independence of humanitarian relief (a requirement under IHL).", + "Key Recommendations": "Issues of data protection and surveillance are new areas of exploration for IHL. If authoritarian or oppressive governments have access to centralised digital identities, they can use this to exclude or persecute particular population groups or political opposition. Some legal analysts argue that data, thus including beneficiary data, can be considered a civilian object under IHL and their manipulation considered an attack if it leads to injury or death. Government agencies, technology companies and aid organisations have all been subjected to cyberattacks, indicating the need for greater caution. It also highlights the need for back-up non-digital options in aid delivery. Finally, the neo-colonial nature of digital technologies needs serious attention in the field of famine prevention. If data is decided on, extracted, and used by outsiders from the Global North, it will undermine local anti-famine political action. Local political action is as important as international action in preventing famine.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://sites.tufts.edu/wpf/files/2022/06/Digital-Feast-and-Famine-final.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Telecommunications", + "Technology" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Ability to Influence Policy" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Risk-Mitigation and Flexible Authorities" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "UKAID", + "PeaceRep", + "LSE Ideas", + "World Peace Foundation" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Democracy, Human Rights, & Governance", + "Agriculture and Food Security", + "Humanitarian Assistance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Peer-reviewed article or other research report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Formal Sector" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2022" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Husnain Waheed", + "Shariq Waheed" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Brazil" + ], + "Document ID": "2206-WAHEE-BRA", + "Document Title": "Impact of climate finance on gender equity for sustainable global\ndevelopment: Can aid for climate action also aid gender equity?", + "Document Summary": "This document examines the impact of climate finance on gender equality for sustainable global development. Climate finance practices do not guarantee gender fairness policies and this document reviews how gender equity framework can optimize climate finance resources. It can actually have negative effects on women; for example: women in wetlands areas needs are not met when climate finance resources are given out, which causes structural division. Women are also banned from working in coastal protection management because of the enforced patriarchy. This article looks at the current status of women and gives recommendations for the future like recommending, “policymakers to integrate gender-responsive components into climate finance frameworks to ratify structural and behavioral inequalities along with empowering women to engage in climate action ventures without undermining their adequate living conditions.” It concludes by recommending that women are not included, but engaged in climate finance direction and strategy. ", + "Key Findings": "The current paper presents a broad review of literature, expanding on the ‘distributive, contextual, and procedural’ equity framework on climate mitigation and adaptation strategies including, coastal wetland protection and sustainable agroforestry. The review reveals that the implications of climate finance are not parallelly distributed between men and women and climate action, in several contexts and spaces, exacerbates already existing structural and climate change-induced inequalities even\nfurther. To optimize the effectiveness of climate finance, the paper urges authorities and policymakers to integrate gender-responsive components into climate finance frameworks to ratify structural and behavioral\ninequalities along with empowering women to engage in climate action ventures without undermining their adequate living conditions.", + "Key Recommendations": "This review points out that an empowering strategy and enabling policy are important in ensuring equitable benefits of climate finance to both women and men. In order to proffer healthy and enabling conditions foreveryone, climate financing programs need to include gender-responsive policies that not only disentangle the deeply embedded hegemonic socio-cultural structures but also foster behavioral change against gender stereotypes on an individual level.\nFurthermore, just focusing on women won't be adequate, women must be effectively engaged with a climate action venture’s direction and strategies to manifest prolific outcomes as when resources and backing from climate finance schemes line up with women’s necessities, women more frequently start taking up prominent decision making roles inside the climate action ventures. \nAlong with unraveling societal structures and behavioral patterns, this paper further accentuates the significance of human and social capital modules of climate finance strategies particularly when they center around information imparting and capacity building. With enhanced human and social capital through climate financing plans, women and gender minorities can get sufficient resources and information that was previously accessible to men. They can gain new abilities that can not only enable them to turn into useful managers of ecological assets and adjust to environmental disturbances such as environmental and climate change but can also make them active partakers and implementors of climate adaptation and mitigation strategies.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.brazilianjournalofscience.com.br/revista/article/view/145/67", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Financial Services" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Efficiency and Effectiveness", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Brazilian Journal of Science" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Gender & Women's Economic Empowerment" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Environment/Climate Change" + ], + "Type of Document": "Peer-reviewed article or other research report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Micro, Small, or Medium Enterprise", + "Local Business", + "Regional Business" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Latin America and the Carribean" + ], + "Year": "2022" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "OECD" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "2209-OECD-GLO", + "Document Title": "Climate Finance Provided and Mobilised by Developed Countries in 2016-2020: Insights from Disaggregated Analysis", + "Document Summary": "This report provides disaggregated data analysis of climate finance provided and mobilised in 2016-2020 across climate finance components, themes, sectors, and financial instruments. It also explores key trends and provides insight relating to the distribution and concentration of climate finance provided and mobilised across different developing country characteristics and groupings. The concluding chapter of the report provides further insights on the impacts and effectiveness of climate finance, as well as meaningful mitigation action and transparency on implementation. The findings complement the OECD report Aggregate Trends of Climate Finance Provided and Mobilised by Developed Countries in 2013-2020.", + "Key Findings": "The main conclusion is that over 2016-2020 public climate finance providers mostly mobilised private climate finance for projects in countries with medium or relatively low-risk profiles:\n- Based on the Allianz Medium-Term Country Risk Ratings, mobilised private climate finance predominantly benefited countries with a lower risk rating (B/BB), accounting for 45% of the total.\n- Using the Coface Business Climate Assessment, approximately 52% of private climate finance was mobilised for projects in countries with the lowest risk rating (A).\n- Private climate finance mobilised for countries with the riskiest ratings, i.e. D for the Allianz rating or C, D and E for the Coface rating, accounted for 27% and 19% respectively.", + "Key Recommendations": "Ultimately, effective climate mitigation and adaptation action takes place in and is shaped by the socioeconomic situation of each country. The scale and type of climate finance provided and mobilised differ depending on each developing country's characteristics. Enhancing the enabling environment for climate action and investment has two key dimensions: efforts to enhance the policy and regulatory environment, alongside building core capacities at the country level.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.oecd.org/environment/climate-finance-provided-and-mobilised-by-developed-countries-in-2016-2020-286dae5d-en.htm", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Financial Services" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments", + "Risk-Mitigation and Flexible Authorities" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "OECD" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Environment/Climate Change" + ], + "Type of Document": "Systematic review or Meta-analysis", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Financial Institution, Investors, and Intermediaries" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2022" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "OECD" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "2210-OECD-GLO", + "Document Title": "Policy guidance on market practices to strengthen ESG investing and finance a climate transition", + "Document Summary": "While sustainable finance approaches are increasingly used by financial market participants, a number of challenges still undermine and hinder the efficient mobilisation of capital to support environmental, social and governance (ESG), and climate-related objectives. These challenges include limited transparency and comparability of climate transition and ESG methodologies and metrics. This document provides guidance for policy makers and market participants seeking to strengthen ESG investing and finance a climate transition through the use of quality metrics, ratings, targets and frameworks.", + "Key Recommendations": "Policy makers, financial authorities and central banks (where appropriate within domestic mandates) should strengthen the availability and use of reliable, comparable and high-quality data to assess climate risks and opportunities in line with global baseline standards.\n\nWhere within their mandates, policymakers, financial authorities and central banks should support the consistent and transparent use of climate-related metrics by third-parties, in order to foster greater quality and comparability across jurisdictions and industries.\n\nWhere within their mandates, the relevant authorities should support the development of transition plans by financial intermediaries that include overall net-zero and interim targets that are supported by up-to-date and sound scientific methodologies consistent with the goals of the Paris Agreement.\n\nPolicymakers and market participants should collaborate within international fora to share good practices and continually strengthen the appropriate use of net-zero strategies and associated tools for financial firms who have made voluntary net-zero commitments, including by issuing guidance.\n\nFinancial authorities should use the mechanisms available to them to support high-quality data and the monitoring of such data, including interim targets, in transition plans, including through third-party verification of information.\n\nWhere consistent with domestic mandates, policymakers should use the tools available to guide good practices of market participants that wish to improve climate aligned investing and engagement strategies. This should include, but not be limited to, greater transparency of expectations, incentives and options for accountability where implementation falls short of firms’ transition plans and targets over time, when within investor objectives.\n\n", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/finance-and-investment/policy-guidance-on-market-practices-to-strengthen-esg-investing-and-finance-a-climate-transition_2c5b535c-en", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Financial Services" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Ability to Influence Policy", + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments", + "Reputation and Credible Convening Power" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "OECD" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Environment/Climate Change" + ], + "Type of Document": "White Paper/Think Tank Report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Financial Institution, Investors, and Intermediaries" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2022" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Nate Vernon", + "Victor Mylonas", + "Danielle N Minnett", + "Simon Black", + "Ian W.H. Parry" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "2210-Parry-GLO", + "Document Title": "How to Cut Methane Emissions", + "Document Summary": "Limiting global warming to 1.5 to 2°C above preindustrial levels requires rapid cuts in greenhouse gas emissions. This includes methane, which has an outsized impact on temperatures. To date, 125 countries have pledged to cut global methane emissions by 30 percent by 2030. This Note provides background on methane emission sources, presents practical fiscal policy options to cut emissions, and assesses impacts. Putting a price on methane, ideally through a fee, would reduce emissions efficiently, and can be administratively straightforward for extractives industries and, in some cases, agriculture. Policies could also include revenue-neutral ‘feebates’ that use fees on dirtier polluters to subsidize cleaner producers. A $70 methane fee among large economies would align 2030 emissions with 2°C. Most cuts would be in extractives and abatement costs would be equivalent to just 0.1 percent of GDP. Costs are larger in certain developing countries, implying climate finance could be a key element of a global agreement on a minimum methane price.", + "Key Findings": "Cutting methane emissions is critical to stabilizing the global climate.\n\nThis Note has emphasized the potential role of methane fees—or variants of fees. These can be integrated into existing fiscal regimes in the extractives sector, where the bulk of the low-cost mitigation opportunities in the near term are located.\n\nGlobal and national strategies for cutting methane emissions need to be fleshed out, but the GMP provides a potential platform for discussion.\n\nPrivate sector initiatives on cutting methane emissions have been building since the Paris Agreement but are still lagging. Several measures to boost transparency on methane emissions have also been adopted by the private sector. However, these disclosures are still falling short in data reliability and consistency and effective integration into financial decision-making.", + "Key Recommendations": "Scaling up cross-border private climate financing while reinforcing the climate information architecture for methane could strengthen scrutiny over methane emissions globally.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/staff-climate-notes/Issues/2022/10/28/How-to-Cut-Methane-Emissions-525188?utm_medium=email&utm_source=govdelivery", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Energy", + "Mining & Extractives", + "Financial Services" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "TotalEnergies", + "Southwestern Energy", + "ExxonMobil", + "Chevron" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Ability to Influence Policy" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Reputation and Credible Convening Power" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "IMF" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Environment/Climate Change" + ], + "Type of Document": "White Paper/Think Tank Report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "For-profit Commercial Entity", + "Large Enterprise", + "Formal Sector" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2022" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Anthony Yuen", + "Stephen Trent", + "Alastair R Syme", + "Georgina Smartt", + "Jack Shang", + "Lydia Rangapanaiken", + "Eric B Petrie", + "Kate O’Sullivan", + "Benjamin Nabarro", + "Edward L Morse", + "Edward McKinnon", + "Anita McBain", + "Francesco Martoccia", + "Shreyas Madabushi", + "Maggie Xueting Lin", + "Ryan Levine", + "Eric G Lee", + "Maximilian J Layton", + "P.J. Juvekar", + "Scott Gruber", + "Arkady Gevorkyan", + "Aakash Doshi", + "Jason Channell", + "Jason Bordoff" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "2211- Bordo-GLO", + "Document Title": "Energy Transition: Mixed Momentum on the Path to Net Zero Vol. 1", + "Document Summary": "This document examines how the energy sector is trying to move towards net-zero carbon, by 2050. COP26 set goals to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and help developing countries with climate action policies. The U.S., China, and EU are the three major economies aiming to transition toward more sustainable energy sources. This volume of Energy Transition looks specifically at, \"(1) where we are on the commitments agreed to last year at COP26 given recent geopolitical and climate events, and (2) what needs to be done to keep momentum on track in the Energy Transition.\" \n\nThe key findings of the document include: the private sector made large amounts of progress to meet the net-zero commitments; greenflation affects the private sector like it affects the public sector due to higher energy and raw material costs; the financial community does not expect to see a resurgence of financing for coal or other carbon-intensive industries; and sustainable finance is slowing. ", + "Key Findings": "The private sector also made enormous progress, not least in terms of the vast number of net-zero commitments made in the run up to, and at, COP26. There are now thousands of companies globally committed to net zero by 2050, including many of the world’s largest companies, even in sectors such as Oil & Gas. Perhaps of greatest significance was the progress made in the financial community. Most notable was the progress made with GFANZ (Glasgow Financial Alliance for Net Zero), essentially a global coalition of leading financial institutions committed to accelerating the decarbonization of the economy.\n\nThe impacts on the private sector will be no less profound than those for the public sector. Corporates are experiencing higher energy and raw material costs, alongside greenflation, the impacts of broader inflation (and its implications for wage inflation via increased costs of living), and a rising rate cycle. As with the public sector, while the short-term focus is likely to be on energy security and economic viability, the exposure to these dislocations, plus commodity availability and price volatility, is likely to drive a desire for greater resilience and energy security, which is again likely to entail zero-carbon energy sources.\n\nFor the financial community, while what we conventionally think of as stranded fossil assets may have received a short reprieve, the longer-term direction of travel remains clear, and hence we do not expect to see a resurgence of financing for coal or other carbon-intensive industries. However, as mentioned earlier, the financial dislocations of recent months have led to a reduction in the issuance of sustainable finance.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.citivelocity.com/citigps/energy-transition/", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Energy" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Citi" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments", + "Reputation and Credible Convening Power" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;", + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Citi GPS" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "COVID-19" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Environment/Climate Change" + ], + "Type of Document": "Industry Publication", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Financial Institution, Investors, and Intermediaries" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2022" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Elree Winnett Seelig", + "Keith Tuffley", + "Christopher Tubeileh", + "Serge Tismen", + "Daniel Seixas", + "Michael Paulus", + "Ryan Nielson", + "Victoria Monreal", + "Douglas MacKenzie", + "Nikolay Kuznetsov", + "Sergey Kurdyukov", + "Belinda Ellington", + "Meredith Chiampa", + "Ibraheem Baqai" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "2211-Baqai-GLO", + "Document Title": "Energy Transition: Building Bridges to Renew Momentum Vol. 2", + "Document Summary": "Commitments made under the Paris Agreement in 2015 were an important first step in addressing climate issues. Still, now is the time to turn promises into global action and recommit to tackling the climate crisis. Given the scale of the issue, Citi GPS has published Energy Transition in two volumes. Volume II — Building Bridges to Renew Momentum — focuses on the funding requirements and tools required to ensure a successful Energy Transition. This Volume covers the following topics: the role and future of direct air capture, nuclear innovation, what it takes to finance a green hydrogen industry, voluntary carbon markets and the importance of pricing carbon, responsible early retirement of coal, and decarbonizing portfolios for the energy transition.", + "Key Findings": "Since their first introduction as a potential tool for fighting and reversing climate change, DAC technologies have certainly come far. Through a combination of technology breakthroughs, falling renewable power prices, supportive government policies, and growing investor funding, DAC is now more viable than ever before. There is significant private sector momentum building behind DAC with a multitude of announcements in 2022, coupled with the rise of various sources of private sector funding for DAC technologies.\n\nThe arsenal of investment instruments for hydrogen financing is significantly limited compared to other, more traditional energy sources and carriers, and is mainly represented by straight and structured equity raisings for smaller independent players (both private and public) and corporate debt/hybrid solutions.\n\nIn the absence of strong government policies and schemes to price carbon, the private sector is increasingly turning to what is referred to as the voluntary carbon market. While the voluntary carbon market is still inchoate, it has the potential to both accelerate the Energy Transition and to become an important asset class on its own.\n\nThe key to a realistic Energy Transition is the involvement of private sector investment at significant scale with multiple parties needed to participate to achieve the right catalysis.\n\nBlended finance is therefore the key to making private sector investment viable. This would involve the provision of significant concessionary financing from governments, MDBs and multilateral organizations, NGOs, and foundations.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.citivelocity.com/citigps/energy-transition/", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Financial Services", + "Energy", + "Technology" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "ExxonMobil", + "Climateworks", + "UBS Optimus Foundation", + "Swiss Re", + "Mitsui", + "BCG", + "Shopify", + "McKinsey", + "Stripe", + "Meta", + "Alphabet", + "Citi" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Risk-Mitigation and Flexible Authorities", + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments", + "Reputation and Credible Convening Power" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;", + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Citi GPS" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "COVID-19" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Environment/Climate Change" + ], + "Type of Document": "Industry Publication", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "For-profit Commercial Entity", + "Large Enterprise", + "Formal Sector", + "Multi-national Business", + "Business Association or Cooperative" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2022" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Georgi Yordanov", + "Harlin Singh Urofsky", + "Julie Monaco", + "Dustin Oliver Ling", + "Emma Hampton", + "John B Finnigan", + "Aakash Doshi", + "Adam Bergman", + "Elizabeth Curmi", + "Ying Qin", + "Jason Channell" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "2211-Chann-GLO", + "Document Title": "Food Security: Tackling the Current Crisis and Building Future Resilience", + "Document Summary": "This document examines food security across the globe. Droughts, armed conflict, inflation, and supply chain issues have led to an increase in food insecurity. The document then looks at four categories social, technological, economic/financial, and governmental to see how each sector can help solve food insecurity. It also examines how financial services can help investment in infrastructure that will lead to an increase in food production and transportation. The document found that all sectors can make changes to help solve food insecurity: the public sector can contribute debt relief, diplomacy, aid, policy, and self-sufficiency; the financial sector can contribute blended finance and supply chain management; the private sector can contribute agtech; and civil society can help by reducing food waste and making dietary changes. ", + "Key Findings": "The proposed solutions can be bucketed into four categories: social, technological, economic/financial, and governmental. Society can make small changes to eliminate food waste or shifting to a more plant-based diet, which would increase the amount of available food. Technological innovation in alternative proteins and indoor farming as well as automation and robotics can help in ensure food self-sufficiency for regions reliant on imports and improve the food ecosystem.\n\nFinancing vehicles such as blended finance and hedging facilities can help facilitate investment in infrastructure. And government is needed to help push the agenda forward with targeted policy and regulation as well as provide humanitarian aid and sustained investment in global agriculture.\n\n", + "Key Recommendations": "Public Sector: Focus on diplomacy, food self-sufficiency, and onshoring; enable and provide access to financing, potentially via blended finance, aid, or debt relief; and concentrate investment in infrastructure and food systems. Additionally, consider taxation and other incentives to promote healthier diets, focusing on incentives that utilize available agricultural resources most efficiently, and seek to eliminate food waste at all stages of the chain.\nPrivate Sector: Focus on food waste reduction and supply chain management and work with consumers to facilitate dietary shifts to a food system that effectively manages resources. Accelerate investment into AgTech, including vertical, indoor and digital farming; alternative proteins and precision fermentation; animal AgTech; and automation and robotics.\nFinancial Sector: Facilitate investment in infrastructure for the public and private sector to enhance onshore production; eliminate food waste; build more efficient agricultural and food systems; provide financing vehicles such as blended finance and hedging facilities; and promote fintech across the agricultural chain.\nCivil Society: Focus on reducing and eliminating food waste and on dietary shifts, which can lead to more optimal usage of resources. Smaller and individual farmers should seek access to fintech solutions to improve financial inclusion, stabilize income, and maximize revenues.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.citivelocity.com/citigps/food-security/", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, and Hunting", + "Financial Services", + "Food & Beverage", + "Technology" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities", + "Ability to Influence Policy", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge", + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment", + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Citi GPS" + ], + "Special Considerations": [ + "Conflict" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Agriculture and Food Security", + "Environment/Climate Change", + "Democracy, Human Rights, & Governance" + ], + "Type of Document": "Landscape Analysis", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Financial Institution, Investors, and Intermediaries" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2022" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Amy Thompson", + "Ying Qin", + "Jason Channel", + "Elizabeth Curmi" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "2211-Curmi-GLO", + "Document Title": "Climate Finance: Mobilizing the Public and Private Sector to Ensure a Just Energy Transition", + "Document Summary": "This document \"Mobilizing the Public and Private Sector to Ensure a Just Energy Transition,\" examines how the private sector can pay for the new green agenda set by COP26. Two questions guide this report, \"(1) What investment is needed in different regions and countries for climate mitigation and adaptation? and (2) How can we mobilize this investment efficiently to enable the world to reach its climate goals while still growing in population and developing the economy?\" \n\nThe document found that there needs to be clear information given to companies, so they can make effective investments; the complexity of climate finance architecture needs to be lessened; and the disconnect between public and private actors needs to be addressed. Additionally, blended finance and development finance institutions can work to increase private sector investment in developing countries. ", + "Key Findings": "Mobilizing climate financing is a challenge as there is no one global solution. The public sector, including governments and development finance institutions, has played an extremely important role in mobilizing finance and the private sector has contributed 49% of investment funds. Unlocking private sector capital for climate finance is crucial as private actors could provide 70% of the $2.6 trillion needed in investment every year (on average in 2021-25) to put the world on a path to net zero by 2050.\n\nFinancial instruments, such as blended finance, in conjunction with development finance institutions can increase private sector investment in developing economies. And green banks, which develop clean project pipelines, are using innovative financing to accelerate the transition to clean energy.\n\nCollaboration — between developed and developing economies as well as the public and private sectors — is key to making this a just transition", + "Key Recommendations": "1. We need to develop consistent, clear, and commonly accepted definitions, taxonomies, and methodologies to be able to assess current flows, and accurately evaluate and effectively direct investments to where they are needed.\n2. We need to reduce the complexity and fragmentation of the global climate finance architecture that may create barriers to access for developing countries, some of whom lament the difficulties in accessing multilateral climate funds, including the processing time, data requests, and bottlenecks in the process. This complexity also makes tracking and monitoring of finance flows challenging.\n3. The opportunity for private finance to help plug the climate finance gap is immense, but there appears to be a disconnect between public and private actors. A better understanding of respective mandates, objectives, financial and non-financial barriers, risk appetites, and time horizons is needed to facilitate better collaboration and mobilization of capital.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.citivelocity.com/citigps/climate-finance/", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Financial Services", + "Energy" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Citi GPS" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Environment/Climate Change" + ], + "Type of Document": "Industry Publication", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Financial Institution, Investors, and Intermediaries", + "Corporate Foundation" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2022" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Xianfu Lu" + ], + "Document ID": "2211-Lu-MLT", + "Document Title": "ADB Sustainable Development Working Paper Series, No. 84 - Accelerating Private Sector Engagement in Adaptation in Asia and the Pacific", + "Document Summary": "The \"ADB Sustainable Development Working Paper Series, No. 84 - Accelerating Private Sector Engagement in Adaptation in Asia and the Pacific\" examines private sector engagement for development in Asia in regards to climate adaptation. Adaptation has mainly occured in the public sector, thus far in Asia and this document reviews how the private sector can get more involved. It discusses how the private sector needs to be adaptors, solution financers, and financers to promote climate adaptation. Finance institutions should use their full capabilities to create change: \"strengthen upstream engagement through policy dialogues and country programming processes, accelerate the development and piloting of new financing products and tools, deploy technical assistance strategically, leverage partnerships, and further enhance internal policy and operational processes so that these become conducive to engaging private sector entities in adaptation.\" ", + "Key Findings": "To survive and thrive in a changing climate, businesses in the private sector need to become “adaptors.” In addressing the wide range of physical climate risks to communities, economies, and the environment, the private sector is relied upon to be the “solution providers”—to supply the technologies, the services, and the products for building climate resilience. As “financiers,” the private sector can help fill in the considerable gap in financing programs for adaptation. To date, all three forms of private sector engagement are taking place, to varying extents and degrees of participation.\n\nEven with the widely recognized need, private sector engagement in adaptation remains nascent and must overcome a number of profound challenges. These challenges include the following: (i) many private sector entities often have limited understanding of climate exposure and risks and their own businesses’ vulnerability and those of the wider society, thus, their inability to pinpoint where the needs are, and employ adaptation measures currently available; (ii) in many developing countries, enabling policy and other institutional conditions are not yet in place to facilitate private sector engagement in adaptation; and finally, (iii) the challenges in creating a viable value stream and financial incentives make it difficult for many private sector entities to build a compelling business case for taking adaptation action or investing in adaptation products and services.", + "Key Recommendations": "Developing countries in Asia and the Pacific are among the most vulnerable to the impacts of climate change. Development finance institutions (DFIs) working in the region are well placed to help accelerate private sector investments for adaptation. Some of the examples are technical assistance, policy and institutional development, risk analytics, and adaptation investment planning. DFIs can also help by improving the risk-adjusted return on investment profile through their deployment of risk-tolerant financing instruments and tools. As small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are the backbone of developing economies, DFIs in these countries could immensely support and stimulate SMEs to engage in adaptation as these enterprises have the knowledge of the local markets and can operate in local currencies. Since they often lack the capacity and resources, SMEs could benefit and robustly thrive with the support of multilateral and bilateral DFIs.\n\nBuilding on its financing support for adaptation at project level, primarily through sovereign operations, the Asian Development Bank (ADB) and other DFIs could scale up their support to developing countries in Asia and the Pacific in building climate resilience—by accelerating the engagement of the private sector. DFIs could mobilize all function teams and work through their full operational cycle to (i) strengthen upstream engagement through policy dialogues and country programming processes, (ii) accelerate the development and piloting of new financing products and tools, (iii) deploy technical assistance strategically, (iv) leverage partnerships, and (v) further enhance internal policy and operational processes so that these become conducive to engaging private sector entities in adaptation.\n", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://reliefweb.int/report/world/adb-sustainable-development-working-paper-series-no-84-accelerating-private-sector-engagement-adaptation-asia-and-pacific-november-2022", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Financial Services" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Advancing Learning and Market Research;", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "Asian Development Bank" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Environment/Climate Change" + ], + "Type of Document": "Peer-reviewed article or other research report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Micro, Small, or Medium Enterprise", + "Financial Institution, Investors, and Intermediaries" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Asia" + ], + "Year": "2022" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "Nicholas Stern", + "Vera Songwe" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "2211-Songw-GLO", + "Document Title": "Finance for climate action: scaling up investment for climate and development", + "Document Summary": "\"Finance for climate action: scaling up investment for climate and development\" realizes that climate change is occurring faster than anticipated. Smart climate financing needs to occur to promote positive climate transformation. The document acknowledges that necessary investments and their finance requires accelerating investment, mobilising private finance at scale, revamping the role of MDBs, delivering on and expanding the scope of concessional finance, and tackling indebtedness. Developed countries are also aiming to mobilize 100 billion dollars a year to climate finance by 2020. Taking these actions will help prevent a future energy crisis. ", + "Key Findings": "Acting on climate is about transforming our economies, particularly our energy systems, through investing in net zero, adaptation, resilience and natural capital. Achieving this transformation will not be easy. It requires strong investment and innovation, and the right scale of finance of the right kind and at the right time.\n\nThe failure to deliver the climate finance commitment of $100 billion per year by 2020 made by developed countries at successive COPs has eroded trust. The world needs a breakthrough and a new roadmap on climate finance that can mobilise the $1 trillion per year in external finance that will be needed by 2030 for emerging markets and developing countries (EMDCs) other than China.\n\nA major, rapid and sustained investment push is needed to drive a strong and sustainable recovery out of current and recent crises, transform economic growth, and to deliver on shared development and climate goals.\n\nThe key investment priorities must encompass transformation of the energy system, respond to the growing vulnerability of developing countries to climate change, and restore the damage to natural capital and biodiversity.\n\nCountry/sector platforms driven by countries can bring together key stakeholders around a purposeful strategy, scaling up investments, tackling obstacles or binding constraints, ensuring a just transition and mobilising finance, especially private finance.\n\nThe scale of the investments needed in EMDCs over the next five years and beyond will require a debt and financing strategy that tackles festering debt difficulties, especially those of poor and vulnerable countries, and that leads to a major expansion of both domestic and international finance, public and private, concessional and non-concessional. ", + "Key Recommendations": "Countries should set strong targets for emissions reductions, aligned to the Paris Agreement and UNFCCC, and adopt credible, efficient and equitable policies for achieving them. This clear sense of purpose will enable the investments, particularly from the private sector but also, and importantly, the public sector, necessary to achieve the targets and to generate the new story of growth and development for the 21st century.\n\nCountries should work together and learn from one another: by sharing experiences of policies and associated institutions, for example (such as on carbon markets and pricing). Such collaboration can also foster coherence on standards and procurement to help generate larger and vibrant markets that can embody economies of scale in discovery and production and drive down costs. And such coherence of targets and actions can help generate confidence, crucial for investment, in markets across the world. Collaboration through the World Trade Organization will also be of real importance.\n\nThe private sector, its investment, innovation and finance, will be at the core of the necessary action. The private sector should not simply wait for countries and international organisations to create the ‘necessary conditions for investment’. Those conditions are crucial – and the private sector should be very active in helping create them. Governments should work with the private sector, through country, sector, regional and international platforms for investment and innovation, including through international collaborations and institutions.\n\nThe MDBs have a central role to play, given the importance of the conditions for investment and innovation, the scale of the necessary investment, the complementarity of public and private sectors, the importance of risk management reduction and sharing, and the cost of capital. A quick breakthrough on the scale and purpose of the MDBs is now necessary and must be driven by the MDBs’ shareholders and leaders working together around a shared purpose in relation to a new approach to sustainable, resilient and inclusive development.\n\nSubstantial concessional, or non-debt service, finance will be necessary for key areas of action, including elements of adaptation, resilience, loss and damage, just transition and natural capital restoration/conservation. Important contributors can be official development assistance, special drawing rights, philanthropy, voluntary carbon markets and more. Rich countries must live up to their commitments by delivering on the $100 billion and raising ambition further. It will also be important to be creative and innovative. Concessional and low-cost finance will be essential.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.lse.ac.uk/granthaminstitute/publication/finance-for-climate-action-scaling-up-investment-for-climate-and-development/?mkt_tok=Njg1LUtCTC03NjUAAAGIFP5wJZ7b9NbfiXTAGN3lAAzqKGC7pDotXPfeNfEMmFmvdEq6sAM3iCyIx16rNg0MkDs1o6DDOy6lNyJLUk_3m7g2d1u2v08PlLHxcFD2rCmIATo", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Financial Services" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Citibank", + "Afreximbank", + "Bank of New York Mellon" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities", + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach", + "Ability to Influence Policy" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "London School of Economics and Political Science" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Environment/Climate Change" + ], + "Type of Document": "Industry Publication", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Financial Institution, Investors, and Intermediaries" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2022" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "United Nations’ High‑Level Expert Group on the Net Zero Emissions Commitments of Non‑State Entities" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "2211-UN-GLO", + "Document Title": "Integrity Matters: Net Zero Commitments by Businesses, Financial Institutions, Cities and Regions", + "Document Summary": "This report sets out five principles— the bright stars that should guide the setting and attaining of net zero targets. Plans must be ambitious, have integrity and transparency, be credible and fair. The ten recommendations go into more detail about what non-state actors need to consider through each stage of their progress towards being net zero aligned and what the successful attainment of that status can and must contribute to the global effort to address the climate crisis.", + "Key Recommendations": "Ten Recommendations \n1. Announcing a Net Zero Pledge \n2. Setting Net Zero Targets \n3. Using Voluntary Credits \n4. Creating a Transition Plan \n5. Phasing out of Fossil Fuels and Scaling Up Renewable Energy \n6. Aligning Lobbying and Advocacy \n7. People and Nature in the Just Transition \n8. Increasing Transparency and Accountability \n9. Investing in Just Transitions \n10. Accelerating the Road to Regulation", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/high-level_expert_group_n7b.pdf", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Financial Services", + "Energy" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Ability to Influence Policy", + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "United Nations" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Environment/Climate Change" + ], + "Type of Document": "White Paper/Think Tank Report", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "Micro, Small, or Medium Enterprise", + "Business Association or Cooperative", + "Financial Institution, Investors, and Intermediaries" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2022" + }, + { + "Author(s)": [ + "ISF Advisors" + ], + "Country(ies)": [ + "Global" + ], + "Document ID": "2300-ISF-GLO", + "Document Title": "Effectiveness & Efficiency of Business Development Services (BDS) for Agri-SMEs", + "Document Summary": "Agricultural small and medium enterprises (agri-SMEs) play a crucial role in the economic development and advancement of emerging markets. Despite their significance, agri-SMEs still encounter formidable challenges in achieving key growth objectives such as generating revenue and creating employment opportunities. Business Development Services (BDS) are integral in supporting agri-SMEs to grow and thrive, but the effectiveness and cost-efficiency of such programs remain poorly understood.\n\nTo address this barrier, ISF analyzed BDS tools and methodologies provided to agri-SMEs in East and West Africa. This report presents findings from an extensive desk review of existing research, an analysis of data collected from 15 BDS provider case studies, and interviews with stakeholders in the space.\n\nThis work builds on previous learnings to deepen best practices related to the needs of agri-SMEs and the tools and approaches that could lead to improved BDS provision models", + "Key Findings": "The study found BDS provided to agri-SMEs are effective and efficient at generating outcomes for revenue, employment, and capital raised. \n\nCost Efficiency Drivers -Key Findings \nAcross the entire dataset, the median cost per enterprise served was $2,742 per enterprise. While myriad factors drive the cost and efficiency of BDS provision, two cross-cutting drivers were identified as having the largest impact: i) the service delivery model (SDM) and ii) the starting size of the enterprise served.\n\nEnterprise Fee Coverage -Key Findings \nFee coverage appears to be driven primarily by enterprise stage and SDM used. Firms that paid a fee experienced higher impact across all key metrics (e.g., revenue / FTE growth rate, revenue / FTEs created) than those not paying. \n\nSegmentation Approach -Key Findings \nWhile BDS should be driven by enterprise-specific needs, segmenting recipients is crucial for determining the most relevant type of BDS at scale. This study finds that i) type of enterprise (e.g., cooperatives/producers vs. other agriSMEs) and ii) maturity of enterprises are the two most commonly used segmentations.\n\nScale of Provider -Key Findings \nThere is a significant gap in costs for delivering BDS and efficiency of outcomes between global and local providers. Differing program offerings and market building objectives appear to drive much of this dynamic.\n\nReflections on Process -Key Findings \nISF Advisors worked closely with 15 BDS Providers to collect and analyze case study data. Several recurring barriers and challenges were encountered throughout this process.", + "Key Recommendations": "Recommendations for funders\n1. Funders should recognize the underlying value of BDS and ensure they are aware of the key drivers of efficiency (e.g., firm size, SDM) and scale of impact (e.g., firm size, maturity) for BDS provision. This work highlights how funders currently do not fully consider these dynamics when financing BDS.\n2. Funders should encourage fee coverage and develop partnerships with providers that pursue some level of cost sharing with participating firms given the apparently superior outcomes of this approach. In addition, funders should seek out other innovative methods that increase coverage.\n3. Donors should prioritize identifying existing local providers that are effective and efficient and should explore building cost-sharing agreements when supporting those actors to align incentives at all levels of the BDS market.\n4. Funders should consolidate and align on a set of measurable, actionable outcomes and data collection methods which can be applied in various contexts to allow comparison of BDS across the sector and support the needed improvement of data quality. These actions should build upon existing initiatives, networks, and methods \n\nRecommendations for BDS providers\n5. BDS providers (with the support of funders) should work to collect and share data on the costs of BDS and the annual performance of agri-enterprises (in terms of revenue, jobs and investment) before, during, and after the intervention to enable the sector to continuously improve its cost effectiveness.\n6. BDS providers should test peer-to-peer approaches that increase the impact of their support at a reduced cost (e.g., in situations where this is not the typical approach), and attempt to charge part of the cost of support directly to the enterprise.", + "Internet URL of Document": "https://isfadvisors.org/effectiveness-efficiency-of-business-development-services-bds-for-agri-smes/", + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Business Services", + "Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, and Hunting" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "Deloitte", + "ab-intel Limited", + "Agribusiness Development Centre", + "Agri Terra", + "Agri Vision Sahel", + "balloon Ventures", + "CEED Global", + "IFC", + "Kilimo Trust", + "Nuru Kenya", + "Nuru Ethiopia", + "Palladium", + "SOMO", + "Tradeline Consult", + "URBANET Ghana", + "TechnoServe" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Efficiency and Effectiveness", + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;", + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;" + ], + "Publishing Institution(s)": [ + "ISF Advisors" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Agriculture and Food Security" + ], + "Type of Document": "Use case/case study", + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "For-profit Commercial Entity", + "Formal Sector", + "Large Enterprise", + "Regional Business", + "Financial Institution, Investors, and Intermediaries" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Global" + ], + "Year": "2023" + } + ], + "filteredFields": { + "Country(ies)": [ + "Afghanistan", + "Albania", + "Algeria", + "Angola", + "Antigua and Barbuda", + "Argentina", + "Armenia", + "Australia", + "Austria", + "Azerbaijan", + "Bahamas", + "Bahrain", + "Bangladesh", + "Barbados", + "Belarus", + "Belgium", + "Belize", + "Benin", + "Bhutan", + "Bolivia", + "Bosnia and Herzegovina", + "Botswana", + "Brazil", + "Bulgaria", + "Burkina Faso", + "Burma", + "Burundi", + "Cabo Verde", + "Cambodia", + "Cameroon", + "Canada", + "Chad", + "Chile", + "China", + "Colombia", + "Comoros", + "Congo (Brazzaville)", + "Congo (Kinshasa)", + "Costa Rica", + "Croatia", + "Czechia", + "Côte d’Ivoire", + "Denmark", + "Djibouti", + "Dominica", + "Dominican Republic", + "Ecuador", + "Egypt", + "El Salvador", + "Equatorial Guinea", + "Estonia", + "Eswatini", + "Ethiopia", + "Fiji", + "Finland", + "France", + "Gabon", + "Gambia", + "Georgia", + "Germany", + "Ghana", + "Global", + "Greece", + "Grenada", + "Guatemala", + "Guinea", + "Guinea-Bissau", + "Guyana", + "Haiti", + "Honduras", + "Hungary", + "India", + "Indonesia", + "Iran", + "Iraq", + "Ireland", + "Israel", + "Italy", + "Jamaica", + "Japan", + "Jordan", + "Kazakhstan", + "Kenya", + "Korea (South)", + "Kosovo", + "Kuwait", + "Kyrgyzstan", + "Laos", + "Latvia", + "Lebanon", + "Lesotho", + "Liberia", + "Libya", + "Lithuania", + "Luxembourg", + "Madagascar", + "Malawi", + "Malaysia", + "Mali", + "Mauritania", + "Mauritius", + "Mexico", + "Moldova", + "Mongolia", + "Montenegro", + "Morocco", + "Mozambique", + "Namibia", + "Nepal", + "Netherlands", + "New Zealand", + "Nicaragua", + "Niger", + "Nigeria", + "North Macedonia", + "Norway", + "Oman", + "Pakistan", + "Panama", + "Papua New Guinea", + "Paraguay", + "Peru", + "Philippines", + "Poland", + "Portugal", + "Qatar", + "Regional", + "Romania", + "Russia", + "Rwanda", + "Saint Lucia", + "Saint Vincent and the Grenadines", + "Saudi Arabia", + "Senegal", + "Serbia", + "Seychelles", + "Sierra Leone", + "Singapore", + "Slovakia", + "Slovenia", + "Solomon Islands", + "Somalia", + "South Africa", + "South Sudan", + "Spain", + "Sri Lanka", + "Sudan", + "Suriname", + "Sweden", + "Switzerland", + "Syria", + "Tajikistan", + "Tanzania", + "Thailand", + "Timor-Leste", + "Togo", + "Trinidad and Tobago", + "Tunisia", + "Turkey", + "Turkmenistan", + "Uganda", + "Ukraine", + "United Arab Emirates", + "United Kingdom", + "United States", + "Uruguay", + "Uzbekistan", + "Vanuatu", + "Venezuela", + "Vietnam", + "Yemen", + "Zambia", + "Zimbabwe" + ], + "Private Sector Industry": [ + "Aerospace and Defense", + "Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, and Hunting", + "Arts and entertainment", + "Biotechnology", + "Business Services", + "Chemicals", + "Educational Services", + "Energy", + "Engineering & Construction", + "Fast Moving Consumer Goods", + "Financial Services", + "Food & Beverage", + "Health Care", + "Hospitality/Tourism", + "Media", + "Mining & Extractives", + "Other", + "Pharmaceuticals", + "Processing & Manufacturing", + "Retail", + "Technology", + "Telecommunications", + "Transportation and Warehousing" + ], + "Name of Private Sector Partner(s)": [ + "2 Degrees", + "3M", + "40K PLUS", + "A-Z Textile Mills", + "A-Z Textiles", + "AB Inbev", + "ACC Cements Pvt. Ltd.", + "ACCENTURE DEVELOPMENT", + "ACCION International", + "ACI Ltd", + "AHA Center", + "AMATE", + "AMEC", + "APA Insurance", + "APHFTA", + "ARC Ltd.", + "AREVA", + "ARMMAN", + "ASPEN Medical", + "AT&T", + "ATTA", + "AYITIKA: Terroirs de Cacao", + "Aavishkaar", + "Abim Women Together in Development", + "Aboitiz", + "Aboitiz Group", + "Abraaj Capital", + "Abt Associates", + "Abt Associates, Inc.", + "Abwaab", + "Accenture", + "Accenture Development Partnerships (ADP)", + "Access Bank Plc", + "AccessBank Madagascar", + "Accion Texas, Inc.", + "Acumen Fund", + "Adam Smith International", + "Adeslas", + "Adobe", + "Advans", + "Aetna Foundation", + "Afex", + "Afghan Red Pomegranate", + "Afghanistan Red Gold Saffron Company", + "Afreximbank", + "AfricaBio", + "African Cashew Alliance", + "African Evaluation Association", + "African Guarantee Fund", + "African Institute for Health and Development", + "African Risk Capacity (ARC)", + "African Visionary Fund", + "Africel", + "AgDevCo", + "AgResults", + "Agility", + "Agoodtshirt", + "Agri Seed Company", + "Agri Terra", + "Agri Vision Sahel", + "AgriGeorgia (Ferrerro)", + "Agribank Insurance Joint Stock Company (ABIC)", + "Agribusiness Development Centre", + "Agricare", + "Agro Prom International", + "AgroFlora", + "AgroWays", + "Agrofusion", + "Agroplan Oils and Fats Processors", + "Ahli Bank", + "Ahold", + "AidMatrix", + "AirBnB", + "Airtel", + "Airtel Uganda", + "Ajeet and Kaveri Seeds", + "Ajinomoto", + "Akorion Company Ltd", + "Al Amal Bank", + "Al Kuraimi Bank", + "Al Najm Exchange", + "Al Nasser Exchange", + "Al Tamimi Investment", + "Al-Quds College (AQC)", + "AlTibbi", + "Alagang Kapatid Foundation", + "Alaya Group", + "Albayrak Group", + "Alcoa", + "Alh. Dalhatu Maimaggi", + "Alh. Kabir Doguwa", + "Alh. Sani Soba", + "Alicorp", + "Alim Industries", + "Allegro Coffee Company", + "Allianz Insurance", + "Allstate", + "Allstate Company", + "Alphabet", + "Alpina", + "Alquería", + "Althelia Climate Fund", + "Amaco", + "Amalgamated Transport and General Workers Union (ATGWU)", + "Ambuja Cement Foundation", + "American Express", + "American Express Company", + "Amerigroup", + "Amul", + "Amway", + "Anchau", + "Anglican Water", + "Anglo American", + "Anglo-American", + "AngloGold Ashanti", + "AnubisNetworks", + "Apache Corp.", + "Aproaca", + "Aprocasur", + "Aprolim", + "Apropesca", + "Aqua Vitens Rand Ltd", + "Aramex", + "Aravind Eye Care System", + "ArcelorMittal", + "Argidius Foundation", + "Arifu", + "Arla", + "Arup", + "Arup Group", + "Asia Environment", + "Asia Pacific Alliance for Disaster Management Sri Lanka (A-PAD SL)", + "Asobancaria", + "Asocati", + "Asocoprolyda", + "Asogpados", + "Asopalmira", + "Asopez", + "Aspalbe", + "Association for Public and Land Grant Universities", + "Association of Food Industries", + "Association of General and Private Medical Practitioners of Nigeria", + "Association of General and Private Nurse Practitioners", + "Astraea Lesbian Foundation", + "Astraea Lesbian Foundation for Justice", + "Atento", + "Aveda Corporation", + "Avenir Health", + "Avery Dennison", + "Avestha Gengraine Technologies", + "Avnash Industries Limited", + "Avon", + "Ayala Corporation", + "Ayala Malls", + "Azim Premji Foundation", + "Azito Thermal Power Plant (Globeleq)", + "BCG", + "BD Technologies", + "BFS", + "BIC", + "BID Network (BIDx)", + "BJ’s Wholesale Club", + "BNP Paribas S.A.", + "BP", + "BPI Globe BanKO", + "BRCK", + "BSP Novaster", + "BT", + "Babban Gona", + "Bajalia", + "Bajeko Sekuma", + "Baker & McKenzie", + "Banca Popolare di Vicenza", + "Bancamía", + "Banco Agrícola", + "Banco Humanfonden", + "Banco Postal", + "Banco de Brasil", + "Bancop", + "Bangladesh Rural and Advancement Committee (BRAC)", + "Bangladesh Small & Cottage Industries Corporation (BSCIC)", + "Banja La Mtsogolo", + "Bank Andara", + "Bank of America", + "Bank of New York Mellon", + "Bank of the Philippine Islands (BPI)", + "Bankable Frontiers Associates (BFA)", + "Banking Association of South Africa", + "Banyan Global", + "Baraka Consulting", + "Barclays Bank", + "Barefoot Power Ltd.", + "Barro Sin Plomo", + "Barry Callebaut", + "Barwale Foundation", + "Bata Shoe Company", + "Bayer AG", + "Bayer HealthCare", + "Bayer Pharma", + "Baylor University", + "Bechtel", + "Becton Dickinson & Co.", + "Beech Aircraft Corporation", + "Beijing Drainage Group", + "Beijing Wantai Biological Pharmacy Enterprise", + "Belarus Business Angel Association (BBAN)", + "Bell Industries", + "Bell Industry Ltd.", + "Ben & Jerry’s", + "Ben and Jerry's Hommade Holdings Inc", + "Benpres Holdings", + "Berlinwasser", + "Better Place", + "Bettys & Taylors of Harrogate", + "Bharat Biotech International", + "Bharat Serums and Vaccines", + "Bhat Bhateni", + "Bhat Bio-tech India", + "Bi-Courtney Limited", + "BiZkid", + "Bifm", + "Big Society Capital", + "Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation", + "Bio-Bridge Science", + "BioPest", + "Biocon", + "Biofilcom", + "Biological E", + "Bizcredit", + "Blackstone", + "Blissmobox", + "Blommer Chocolate", + "Boehringer Mannheim", + "Bollore Transport and Logistics Malawi, Ltd.", + "Bombay Agro Ltd", + "Bonobos", + "Boston Consulting Group", + "Boston Scientific", + "Botswana Confederation of Commerce, Industry and Manpower (BOCCIM)", + "Bradesco Bank", + "Bridge International Academies", + "Bridges Ventures", + "Bridgeway Commodities", + "Bristol-Myers Squibb", + "Bristol-Myers Squibb Foundation", + "Britam Insurance", + "British Petroleum", + "British Retail Consortium", + "Broadcom Foundation", + "Budhathoki Golchha Group", + "Bumrungrad International", + "Burns & Roe Worley", + "Business Initiative Leading Development in Bangladesh (BUILD)", + "Business Oxygen Fund", + "Business Partners Limited", + "Byblos Bank", + "Bühler", + "C. H. Robinson Worldwide, Inc.", + "CBI Netherlands", + "CDP del Cuero", + "CEAMSO (Centro de Estudios Ambientales y Sociales)", + "CEED Global", + "CEM: Cardno Emerging Markets", + "CEMEX's Patrimonio Hoy", + "CGIAR", + "CH2M Hill Companies", + "CHI Pharmaceuticals, Ltd.", + "CIC", + "CIFRC", + "CINOLU", + "CSSC", + "CSX", + "Cadbury", + "CaféDirect", + "Cairo Amman Bank", + "Caixa", + "Calamai Tropica Beach Resort", + "Calgary Real Estate Board", + "Calligraphen", + "Calvert Foundation", + "Campbell Soup Company", + "Campbell's", + "Canadian Home Builders' Association", + "Capital One Financial", + "Capital Tool Company (CTC)", + "Carana", + "Cardno Emerging Markets USA, Ltd.", + "Cargill", + "Caritas Togo", + "Casa Luker", + "Casa Mantica", + "Cascadia Consulting", + "Caterpillar Inc.", + "Celpay", + "Celtel", + "Centenary Bank", + "Center for Strategic and International Studies", + "Centre for Research in Innovation Management (CENTRIM)", + "Centro de Investigaciones en Palma de Aceite", + "Centron", + "Ceres Environmental", + "Changamka Micro-Insurance Ltd.", + "Charles Schwab Foundation", + "Charlie Goldsmith Associates", + "Chattam House", + "Chem Chem Safari Tanzania", + "Chemonics International", + "Chevron", + "Chevron Corporation", + "ChevronTexaco", + "Chilton Capital", + "Chishango", + "Chittagong Builders", + "Cipla", + "Cisco", + "Citadel Capital", + "Citi", + "Citi Foundation", + "Citibank", + "Citicorp", + "Citigroup", + "Civil Reserve Air Fleet", + "Claro", + "Clean Team", + "Climateworks", + "Clipper Tea", + "Clorox", + "Co-Operative Retail Group", + "Coca Cola", + "Coca Cola Africa", + "Coca-Cola", + "Coca-Cola Enterprises", + "Coffee Bean International", + "Colombina", + "Coltabaco", + "Columbia University", + "Comcast Corporation", + "Communication for Change", + "Community Sourced Capital", + "Company of America", + "Compañía Nacional de Chocolates", + "Compañía de Empaques", + "Con Edison", + "Condimentos Putumayo", + "Conexus Credit Union", + "Confederation of Indian Industry (CII)", + "Connect Hear", + "Connectivity Capital", + "Connexus", + "Conoco Phillips", + "Conrad N Hilton Foundation", + "Conseil du coton et de l'anacarde", + "Conservation International", + "Consolidated Contractors Company (CCC)", + "Constance Lemuria Resort", + "Construction Sector Transparency Initiative (CoST)", + "Consultative International Cashew Council", + "Cooperative Bank of SEWA", + "Cooperative Coffees", + "Cooporiz Abahuzabikorwa", + "Cooporiz Ntende", + "Coral Triangle Center", + "Corning Incorporated", + "Coscharis Motors", + "Costco", + "Counter Culture Coffee", + "Credit Suisse", + "Crezcamos", + "CropLife", + "CrossBoundary", + "CrossBoundary Energy", + "Cultural Practice, LLC.", + "Cummins Inc.", + "D-Tree International", + "D.M. Consunji Inc. (DMCI)", + "DAI", + "DAI Global, LLC", + "DCCI", + "DHL", + "DLA Piper LLP (US)", + "DNA Communications", + "DOEN Foundation", + "DP-DHL", + "DPK Consulting", + "DSM", + "DTE Energy", + "DaimlerChrysler", + "Dalberg", + "Dalberg Design", + "Dalex Finance & Leasing Company Limited", + "Dangote", + "Dangote Cement", + "Dangote Cement Nepal", + "Dangote Group", + "Danone Foods", + "Danya", + "Dar El Handassah", + "Daya Apparel Export (Pvt) Ltd (DAEL)", + "De Beers", + "Debswana Diamond Company", + "Deep Spring", + "Defas Commodities", + "Degenkolb Engineers", + "Degrement", + "Degrémont [Suez]", + "Deji Clinic", + "DelCampo Soluciones Agricolas", + "Delifods", + "Dell", + "Deloitte", + "Deloitte and Touché", + "Deutsche Bank", + "Deutsche Post DHL", + "Deutsche Post World Net", + "Devex", + "Dexis Consulting Group", + "Diageo", + "Digicel", + "Digital Green", + "Dimagi", + "Dinart", + "Discovery Communications", + "Doka Lere", + "Dolma Fund", + "Donald Danforth Plant Sciences Center", + "Donor Committee For Enterprise Development", + "Donor Committee for Enterprise Development (DCED)", + "Doreo", + "Dow", + "Dow Corning", + "Dragados, Lubasa", + "DuPont Pioneer", + "Dubai Ports World", + "Duke Energy Corporation", + "Dupont", + "Duraplast", + "Dyecoo", + "EASSy", + "EBRD", + "ECOM/Armajaro", + "ECOTRUST", + "ECWA", + "EDC", + "EDP", + "EFICO", + "EFSE (Oppenheim Asset Management)", + "ENVenture energy cooperative", + "EOH", + "EQI", + "ESRI", + "Earth Tech", + "Eaton Corporation", + "EcoNet", + "Ecobank", + "Ecom", + "Ecometrix Solutions Group (ESG)", + "Econet Wireless", + "Economic Integration Forum", + "Eileen Fisher, Inc.", + "El Paso Energy", + "Eleanor Crook Foundation (ECF)", + "Electricité du Cambodge", + "Elephant Vert", + "Elevar Equity", + "Eli Lilly & Co.", + "Elite Innovations", + "Energy 4 Impact", + "Eneza Education", + "Engro Corporation", + "Engro Foundation", + "Entrepreneurial Finance Lab (EFL)", + "EnviroLoo", + "Envirofit", + "Equal Exchange", + "Equion", + "Equitas", + "Equity Bank", + "Ericsson", + "Eris Botswana", + "Erk Mead", + "ErongoMed", + "Esoko", + "Esquel", + "Evensen Dodge", + "Everbright Environment", + "Evidence Action", + "ExXon Mobil", + "Exelon", + "Exelon Corporation", + "Exp. Momentum", + "ExpandNet", + "Export Promotion Council of Kenya", + "Export Trading Group (ETG)", + "Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI)", + "Exxon", + "ExxonMobil", + "ExxonMobil Foundation", + "F2i SGR", + "FCB Advertising", + "FDC (Limited)", + "FENALCO", + "FHI 360", + "FHT Ventures PLC", + "FICCI", + "FINCA", + "Facebook", + "Falkon Capital a.s.", + "Fan Milk Limited", + "Fannie Mae", + "Farmer Brothers", + "Fed. Nacional de Cafeteros", + "FedEx", + "Fedar", + "Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry (FICCI)", + "Feinstein International Center", + "Fenix International", + "Ferrero", + "Fidelity Bank", + "FieldWorker Products", + "Fifth Third Foundation", + "Fiji Hotel", + "Financiera Confianza", + "Finfind Pty Ltd", + "Finlays", + "FireEye", + "Firestone", + "First Allied Savings and Loans Limited", + "First Bank Plc", + "First City Monument Bank", + "First Energy", + "First Mutual Life", + "First National Bank", + "Flood Re", + "Fluor Corporation", + "Fon", + "Fondo Acción", + "Fonkoze", + "FoodFlow", + "Ford", + "Ford Foundation", + "Foshol", + "Foto First", + "FreedomPop", + "Freeplay Energy", + "Frepac", + "Fresh Pack", + "FreshDirect", + "Fronterra", + "Fundación Capital", + "Fundación Carvajal", + "Fundación Rafael Meza Ayau", + "Fundly", + "FusoGen Pharmaceuticals", + "Futs Metallique", + "GAP", + "GCNet", + "GE Foundation", + "GE Project Emerald", + "GHAFARI", + "GIB Asset Management", + "GICAM", + "GIZ", + "GSM Association", + "GSM Association (GSMA)", + "GSMA", + "GT Bank Plc,", + "GangaGen Biotechnologies Ltd. (Bangalore)", + "Gap", + "Gavi Alliance", + "Gay & Lesbian Victory Institute", + "Gay and Lesbian Victory Institute", + "Gazprombank", + "General Electric", + "General Mills", + "General Motors", + "Genius Tags", + "Gente Estratégica", + "Geoeye", + "Ghana Growth Fund Company", + "GirlHub", + "Giwa", + "Glasswing International", + "GlaxoSmithKline", + "GlaxoSmithKline (GSK)", + "Global Environment & Technology Foundation (GETF)", + "Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria", + "Global GAP", + "Global Initiative for Fiscal Transparency (GIFT)", + "Global Mamas", + "Global Telecom", + "Glory Garment Co. Ltd", + "Glow BioTech Ltd.", + "GodEl", + "GodFond", + "Golden Harvest", + "Golden State Environmental Group", + "Goldman Sachs", + "Goldman Sachs’ Urban Investment Group", + "Google", + "Goonj", + "Grameen Foundation", + "Grameen Phone", + "Grameen-Jameel", + "Green Afro-Palms", + "Green Line Consulting", + "Green Mountain Coffee", + "Green Revolution", + "Greenbelt Fertilizers", + "GreyStar", + "Group IB", + "Grundfos", + "Grupo ABC", + "Grupo Agrisal", + "Grupo Bimbo", + "Grupo Marhnos", + "GuarantCo", + "Guinness", + "Guittard", + "Guts Agro Industry", + "H&M", + "H&R Block", + "HALAL", + "HELIOS", + "HIV Clinicians Society", + "HP", + "HSBC", + "Haiti Country Coordinating Mechanism (CCM)", + "Haitian Suitcase and Baggage Company", + "Halcrow Group", + "Hansae", + "Hapinoy", + "Harley-Davidson Motor Company", + "Harvard University", + "Harvestfield Industries", + "Hashoo Foundation", + "Hasiru Dala", + "Hattie Rickards", + "Health Keepers", + "HealthEnabled", + "Hecahn Health Services Ltd.", + "Hedcor", + "Heifer International", + "Heineken", + "Heineken Africa Foundation", + "Heinz", + "Henry Schein, Inc.", + "Heritage", + "Hershey", + "Hess Corporation", + "Hetero", + "Hewatele", + "Hewlett Packard", + "Hewlett Packard Enterprise", + "Hewlett-Packard Company", + "Hilti", + "Hilton", + "Hindustan Construction Company", + "Hocol", + "Holcim", + "Hollard Insurance", + "Holley Group", + "Home Depot", + "Hong Kong Institute of Architects", + "Hong Kong Jockey Club", + "Hongshi Holdings", + "Horizon Air Investments", + "Houghton Mifflin", + "Houghton Mifflin Harcourt", + "Hovnanian", + "Humana", + "Humanistic Institute for Development (Hivos)", + "Humanitarian Policy Group (HPG)", + "Humanity United", + "Hummingbird Resources", + "Hunt Oil", + "Hunt Power", + "Huntington Capital", + "Huwawi", + "IBM", + "IBTCI", + "ICF International", + "ICICI Bank", + "ICICI Lombard", + "ICRISAT", + "IDEO", + "IFAD", + "IFC", + "IKEA", + "IKEA Foundation", + "INVEST", + "IREN S.p.A.,", + "ITC e-Choupal", + "IUCN", + "Ikara", + "Imazon", + "Incomnet", + "Indian Immunologicals", + "Indosat", + "Ineos Runcorn Limited", + "InfraCo", + "Ingram Micro", + "Injaz Al-Arab", + "Inka Crops", + "Innov", + "Innovation Lab", + "Insight Health Advisors", + "Inspire Consortium", + "Institute for Industrial Technology", + "Integra LLC", + "Integrys Energy Group", + "Intel", + "Intelligentsia Coffee", + "InterContinental Hotels Group", + "Interaction", + "Interface", + "Interhealth Canada", + "Intermec Corporation", + "International Capital Market Association", + "International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT)", + "International Development Association (IDA)", + "International Development Research Center (IDRC)", + "International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA)", + "International SOS", + "International Union for the Conservation of Nature", + "IntraHealth", + "Inyenyeri", + "Iris Group International", + "IrisGuard", + "Ishpahani Agro Ltd", + "Itworx Education", + "J.E Austin Associates Inc", + "J.M. Smucker", + "J.P. Morgan", + "JDE", + "JSI: John Snow International", + "Jakarta Capital Special Region (Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta/DKI Jakarta)", + "Jamii Bora Bank", + "Janani", + "Java Power of Paiton", + "Jawa Pos Group", + "Jawwal", + "Jazz Cash", + "Jembi", + "Jeska Auto Mechanic", + "Jim Ovia Foundation", + "John Deere", + "John Laing PLC", + "John Lewis Partnership", + "John Mellor & Associates (JMA)", + "Johnson & Johnson", + "Johnson and Johnson", + "Jollibee Food Corporation (JFC)", + "Jphiego", + "Jubilee", + "Julius Berger", + "K-MET", + "K4Health", + "KB Home", + "KOIS", + "KOIS Invest", + "KYB", + "Kakira Sugar Limited", + "Kamano", + "Karamoja Peace and Development Agency", + "Karma Primary Healthcare", + "Karstadt Quelle", + "Kaspersky", + "Kate Spade", + "Kate Spade & Company", + "Katitex", + "Kelloggs", + "Kemboy & Company Advocates", + "Kenya Commercial Bank Limited", + "Kenya Orient", + "Kenya Shippers Council", + "Kenya Tea Development Agency Limited", + "Kericho Water and Sanitation Company", + "Keurig", + "Keurig Green Mountain", + "KfW Group", + "Kgalagadi Breweries", + "Khosla Ventures", + "Kickstarter", + "Kilimo Trust", + "Kimetrica LLC", + "Kinnos", + "Kiva", + "Klein Karoo", + "Knowaste", + "Kokusai Kogyo", + "Kompanion", + "Konica Seed (Pvt.) Ltd", + "Kraft", + "Kuehne and Nagel", + "LEGO CUUSOO", + "LVCT Health", + "LYDEC", + "La Alquería", + "La Antorcha", + "La Colonia", + "La Federacion de Productores de Arroz", + "La Phenicienne Insurance", + "LabourNet", + "Lafarge", + "LafargeHolcim", + "Lal Teer", + "Land Bank of the Philippines", + "Land O'Lakes", + "Land O’Lakes, Inc.", + "Larvacol", + "Latexport", + "Lavazza", + "Lawson", + "Laxmi Bank", + "Learn Capital", + "Lehigh Technologies", + "Lekali", + "Lekki Concession Company Limited", + "Lenovo", + "Li-Cor", + "LifeBank", + "LifeLine/Childline", + "Lifecare Innovations", + "Limbe Leaf Tobacco Company Ltd.", + "LinkedIn", + "Linklaters", + "Livestock", + "Living Goods", + "LlinkedIn", + "Lomus Pharmaceuticals", + "Lonestar", + "Lubasa", + "Lucretia", + "Luminus Education Group", + "Lutheran World Relief", + "M-PESA", + "MDPCL", + "MDU Resources Foundation", + "MDaaS Global", + "MFS Africa", + "MFX Solutions", + "MGM Resorts International", + "MIDIMAR", + "MNO Airtel", + "MRT", + "MSI", + "MTN", + "MTN Ghana", + "MTV", + "Mabale Growers Tea Factory Limited", + "Mabati Rolling Mills", + "Macquarie Bank", + "Maersk", + "Mahaul", + "Mahindra", + "Mahyco", + "Management Sciences for Health (MSH)", + "Management Systems International", + "Management Systems International (MSI)", + "Manila Water Company", + "Manpower", + "Mapp Biopharmaceutical", + "Marathon Oil", + "Margdarshak", + "Marie Stopes International (MSI)", + "Mariri", + "MarketShare Associates (MSA)", + "Mars", + "Marubeni", + "Masco Corporation", + "Mascom Wireless", + "Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance", + "MasterCard", + "MasterCard Center for Inclusive Growth", + "Mauqa.Online", + "Mawdoo3", + "Maynilad Water Services", + "McAfee", + "McCormick", + "McDonald's", + "McKesson", + "McKinsey", + "McKinsey & Co.", + "MeadWestvaco Corporation", + "Medical Laboratory Scientists Association of Tanzania (MeLSAT)", + "Medtronic", + "Mega Bank", + "Merck", + "Merck & Co., Inc.", + "Merck Sharpe & Dohme", + "Merck for Mothers", + "Mercy Corps", + "Merial", + "MetLife, Inc.", + "Meta", + "Metal Industries", + "Metro Pacific Investments Corporation", + "Metro Pacific Water", + "Mexican Nature Conservation Fund", + "Micama", + "Michelin Group", + "MicroCredit Madagascar", + "MicroEnsure", + "Microsoft", + "Microvest", + "Millennium Insurance", + "Mindanao State University", + "Mining Association of Canada", + "Mirova", + "Mister Sister", + "Mitsubishi", + "Mitsui", + "Miyamoto International", + "Mnemonic", + "Mobile Transactions Zambia", + "Monark Equipment Foundation", + "Mondelez", + "Monitor Group (Monitor Deloitte)", + "Monsanto", + "Monsanto Company", + "Monsanto Fund", + "Morgan Stanley", + "Mosaic", + "Mosaica", + "Mossnet Industries", + "Motorola Foundation", + "Movistar", + "Mozal", + "Muller & Phipps", + "Multiplex", + "Murray Irrigation Limited", + "MyAgro", + "MyMiniFactory.com", + "NAAFCO (Pvt) Ltd", + "NASCCO", + "NCPL", + "NII Holdings", + "NORC at the University of Chicago", + "NRC", + "NRG Energy", + "Naasakle", + "Narayana Health", + "National Basketball Association (NBA)", + "National Beverage Company", + "National Coffee Foundation (FUNCAFÉ)", + "National Disaster Management Authority (Badan Nasional Penanggulangan Bencana/BNPB)", + "Natura", + "Neofarma", + "Nerea", + "Nespresso", + "Nestle", + "Netafim", + "Netcare", + "Netcare Hospitals", + "New Enterprise Associates", + "New Forests Company Ltd", + "New World Development Company", + "New World Facilities Management Company", + "New York Life Foundation", + "Nexleaf", + "Nichido Fire Inc.", + "Nii Biri", + "Nike", + "Nile Breweries", + "Nile Breweries Limited", + "Nimbus", + "Nina and Hager", + "Ningbo C.S.I Power & Machinery Group", + "Nokia", + "Nord Anglia Education", + "North Star Alliance", + "Northern Rangelands Trust", + "Northern Trust", + "Northrop Grumman", + "Northwestern Mutual", + "Norwegian Pension Fund", + "Novartis Foundation", + "Novartis' Arogya Parivar", + "Novelis", + "Novo Nordisk", + "Nuru Ethiopia", + "Nuru Kenya", + "Nyiombo", + "OLAM", + "ONA", + "Occidental Petroleum", + "Ocean Spray", + "Oceanic Bank International Plc", + "Octopus Diving Center", + "Office Depot", + "Olam International", + "Old Mutual of South Africa", + "Olivia Companies", + "Olpharm Pharmaceuticals", + "Omega Schools", + "Omidyar Network", + "Omnia", + "Ondeo", + "One Acre Fund", + "OneMorePallet", + "Open Contracting Partnership (OCP)", + "Opendream", + "Opower", + "Oracle", + "Orange", + "Orange Labs", + "Orascom Corporation", + "OrchTech", + "Organic Mountain Flavor", + "Orion Telekom", + "Orion Water Partners LLC", + "Out of Print", + "Overseas Strategic Consulting", + "Oxfam", + "Oxymen", + "O’Hanlon Health Consulting", + "P&G", + "PATH", + "PLDT- SMART", + "PRIDE AFRICA", + "PT Cocoa Venture Indonesia (PT CVI)", + "Paccar Inc.", + "Pacific Global One Aviation", + "Pagjino", + "Pakistan Flour Mills Association", + "Pal Gardens", + "PalTech", + "Palladium", + "Pambegua", + "Panaar", + "Panacea Biotec", + "Pangaea", + "Papyrus", + "ParkatmyHouse", + "Parodi Apicultura", + "Partex Agro Ltd", + "Partner", + "Patel Group", + "Pathfinder International", + "Paulig", + "PeaceNexus Foundation", + "Pearl Capital Partners", + "Pearson", + "Pearson Affordable Learning Fund", + "Pearson Education", + "Pearsons Plc", + "Peepoople AB", + "Pennon Group PLC", + "Pepco Holdings, Inc.", + "Pepsi-Cola Products Philippines Inc.", + "PepsiCo", + "Perpetual Corporate Trust Limited", + "Peter Kiewit Sons’", + "Peter Pennoyer Architects", + "Pfizer", + "Pfizer Inc.", + "PharmAccess", + "PharmAccess Foundation Namibia", + "PharmaSynth", + "Pharmaceutical Council of Nigeria", + "Philippine Disaster Resilience Foundation", + "Philippine Long Distance Telephone Company (PLDT)", + "Philips", + "Pioneer", + "Pippa Small", + "Pitney Bowes", + "Polleras de Agus", + "Population Health Services India", + "Poseidon Resources Corporation", + "PostkodLotteriet", + "Postobon", + "Postobón", + "Practical Action", + "Praekelt Foundation", + "Prantojon Agro Enterprise", + "Pratinidhi", + "PriceWaterhouseCoopers", + "Procter & Gamble", + "Prodigy Solutions", + "Progress Energy", + "Proje Gözetim Mühendislik (PGM)", + "Prophalab", + "Prorustica", + "Prospectors and Developers Association of Canada", + "Proteus On-Demand", + "Proximity Designs", + "Prudential Financial, Inc.", + "Pruébalo", + "Pudong Water Supply Corporation", + "Purdue University", + "PureFresh", + "PwC Advisory LLC", + "QIAGEN", + "QT", + "Qualcomm", + "Qwest Communications", + "RECO Industries", + "RENAISSANCE Enterprise", + "ROMEX", + "RPP Lesotho", + "RSF Social Finance", + "RUDI", + "RWE", + "Ranbaxy", + "RangSutra", + "Rangpur Foundry", + "Rashad Buhair Company", + "Real Impact Analytics", + "Recyclebank", + "Red Cantoyaco", + "Red Cross Movement", + "Red Rose", + "Redan", + "Refugee Investment Network", + "Regional Disaster Management Agency (Badan Penanggulangan Bencana Daerah/BPBD)", + "RelayRides", + "Reserveage Nutrition", + "Resonance", + "Ribera Health", + "Ribera Salud", + "Ringtons", + "Rio Tinto", + "Rockefeller Foundation", + "Rolls Royce plc", + "Root Capital", + "Roshan", + "Royal Bank of Scotland", + "Royal Dutch Shell", + "Rubies in the Rubble", + "Ruwwad & Aramex", + "Rwenzori Commodities Ltd", + "S&D", + "S-MART", + "SABIS", + "SABMiller", + "SACE", + "SACO", + "SC Johnson", + "SCANAD", + "SCTV", + "SEAF", + "SGS", + "SHOPS", + "SIM", + "SME Consulting Company", + "SME Gente Estratégica (GE)", + "SOMO", + "SORAS", + "SPUD (Sustainable Produce Urban Delivery)", + "SR Pharmaceuticals", + "SRAM", + "SUPERVALU, Inc.", + "SWECO", + "Safaricom", + "Safaricom Ltd", + "Safe Hands", + "Sahil Fishing Company", + "Sainsbury", + "Sakhrah Cooperative and Union", + "Salesforce", + "Salesforce.com", + "Salesforce.com Foundation", + "Samasource", + "Saminaka", + "Samip", + "Samsung", + "San Miguel Corporation", + "Sangam Ventures", + "Sanivation", + "Santé Sans Frontière", + "Sanyo", + "Sara Lee", + "Saral Designs", + "Savage Industries", + "Saving Mothers, Giving Life (SMGL)", + "Scholastic Inc.", + "Scholastic, Inc.", + "Scotiabank", + "Secretariats of FEAFFA", + "Seed Co.", + "SeedCo", + "Sehat Kahani", + "Sekem Initiative", + "Selectos", + "Self-Employed Women’s Association (SEWA)", + "Semco", + "Senegalese Sugar Company (CSS)", + "Serum Institute of India", + "Setraco", + "Seward Inc.", + "Shanghai Fudan-Yueda Bio-Tech", + "Shanghai Genomics", + "Shanghai Huaguan Biochip", + "Shanghai Sunway Biotech", + "Shanghai United Cell Biotech", + "Shantha Biotechnics", + "Shell", + "Shell Foundation", + "Shenzhen Chipscreen Bioscience", + "Shenzhen SiBiono GeneTech", + "Shenzhen Water Group", + "Shining Hope for Communities (SHOFCO)", + "Shinkaafa Buni Rice Cooperative Association", + "Shiva Cement", + "Shopify", + "Siamdutch Mosquito Netting Company", + "Simpa Networks", + "Sinapi Aba Savings and Loans", + "Sino French Company", + "Sino-French", + "SinoGeoMax", + "Sinovac Biotech", + "Smart Communications", + "Smurfit-Stone Container", + "SoapBox Soaps", + "Soba", + "Social Finance", + "Social Finance/Collective Health", + "Social Impact", + "Sogexpress", + "SolTuna", + "SolarCity", + "Solnechnye Produkty", + "Solution Consulting", + "Sonata", + "Songlin Company", + "Sorenson Impact Fund", + "Southeast Asia Clean Energy Facility", + "Southwest Airlines", + "Southwestern Energy", + "Splash", + "Splash Mobile Money Ltd", + "Square", + "Standard Bank", + "Standard Chartered Bank", + "Staples, Inc.", + "Starbucks", + "Starwood Hotels & Resorts", + "State Farm", + "State Street Corporation", + "Steward Bank", + "Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI)", + "Stonepeak Infrastructure Partners", + "Stonyfield Farms", + "Strategic Impact Advisors", + "Stratus Consulting", + "Strauss Coffee", + "Stripe", + "Stumptown Coffee Roasters", + "Sucafina", + "Suez", + "Suez Lyonnaise des Eaux", + "Suez-Ondeo", + "SunEdison", + "SunTrust Foundation", + "Sunflag Nigeria", + "Sungevity", + "Suninvest", + "Sunoco", + "Suresh Vaidya", + "SustainAbility", + "Sustainable Food Laboratory", + "Sustainable Harvest", + "Swapno", + "Swedish Federation for LGBT Rights", + "Swedish Hospital Partners AB", + "Swire Beverages", + "Swiss Export Risk Insurance", + "Swiss National Bank", + "Swiss Re", + "Sylva Foods", + "Symantec", + "Synergy Capital", + "Syngenta", + "Syngenta Foundation", + "Syngenta Foundation for Sustainable Agriculture", + "Synthesis Corp.", + "Sysco", + "TABLEAU", + "TAEF Advisory Company", + "TANGO International", + "THE DEVELOPER SOCIETY", + "TIGO", + "TLC Solutions", + "TMG", + "TN Bank", + "TNT", + "TOMS Shoes", + "TOTAL Haiti SA", + "TRANSLATORS WITHOUT BORDERS", + "Tanzania Freight Forwarders Association", + "Tata Group", + "Tata Motors", + "Tchibo", + "Tcho Ventures Inc.", + "TechnoServe", + "Ted Turner Foundation", + "Teda Investment Holding Company", + "Telecom Egypt", + "Telekom Networks Malawi", + "Telekomset", + "Telma Foundation", + "Telstra", + "Terpel", + "Tesco", + "Tesla", + "Tetra Tech", + "Teva", + "Texas Instruments", + "TextNow", + "Textiles Mónica Urquijo", + "Thames Water", + "The Association of Architects Offices", + "The Borderless Alliance", + "The CEO Water Mandate", + "The Clinton Health Access Initiative (CHAI)", + "The Co-operative Group", + "The Coca-Cola Company", + "The Consultative Group to Assist the Poor", + "The Consumer Goods Forum (CGF)", + "The Discovery Channel", + "The Dow Chemical Company", + "The Electronic Cash Transfer Learning Action Network (ELAN)", + "The Guardian Life Insurance", + "The Hershey Company", + "The Home Depot Foundation", + "The LEGO Group", + "The Lubrizol Corporation", + "The MacArthur Foundation", + "The Manoff Group", + "The MasterCard Foundation", + "The McGraw-Hill Companies", + "The Michael and Susan Dell Foundation", + "The Nature Conservancy", + "The Packard Foundation", + "The Travelers Companies, Inc.", + "The UPS Foundation", + "The W.K. Kellogg Foundation", + "Third Eye", + "Threadless", + "Thrive Agric", + "Tianjin SinoBiotech", + "Tianjin Teda Veolia Water Company", + "Ticadaie", + "Time Projects", + "Tinol Paints Int’l", + "Tokio Marine", + "Tolaro GLobal", + "Total", + "Total Gas", + "TotalEnergies", + "Touton", + "Toyola", + "Toyota Corporation", + "Tradeline Consult", + "Trafigura", + "Training Resources Group (TRG)", + "Transfair Germany", + "Transgene Biotek", + "Transroyal", + "Transversal", + "Tredinnick", + "Trek Bicycle Corporation", + "Trilogy International Partners", + "Tropical Forest Alliance (TFA)", + "Tropical Landscapes Finance Facility", + "Trustco Group Holdings", + "Tufts University", + "Tugende", + "Tunisian American SME Company", + "Turk Telekom", + "Turkcell", + "Turkey Catastrophie Insurance Pool", + "Turner and Townsend", + "Twitter", + "Tyco international", + "Tšepong Ltd", + "U.S. Pharmacopeia", + "UAP", + "UBL Bank", + "UBS Optimus Foundation", + "UFTL", + "UPS", + "UPS Foundation", + "URBANET Ghana", + "USAID", + "UTE-Ribera", + "Ubongo", + "Uganda Cooperative Alliance (UCA)", + "Uganda Shippers Council", + "Unibank", + "Unicredit", + "Unifert", + "Unilever", + "Union Hand Roasted Coffee", + "Union Pacific", + "Union of Information and Technology Enterprises (UITE)", + "United Services Automobile Association", + "United Stationers", + "United Utilities", + "Unitus Seed Fund", + "University Research Corporation (URC)", + "University of California-Davis", + "University of Florida", + "University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign", + "University of Southern California", + "Unocal", + "Urbano Agroindustrial", + "VAL!Data Research", + "VTB Capital", + "Vale", + "Value added Africa", + "Vamed", + "VanCity Credit Union", + "Vancity", + "Vanrees", + "Vanuatu Business Resilience Committee (VBRC)", + "Veolia", + "Veolia Environment", + "Verified Response", + "Verizon", + "Vester Oil Mills Limited", + "Vestergaard Frandsen", + "Vi Agroforestry", + "Viettel", + "Village Capital", + "Vinci Concessions", + "Viridor Laing Limited", + "Visa", + "Visaphone", + "VisionSpring", + "Vita green impact", + "Vital", + "Vital Voices Global Partnership", + "Vodacash", + "Vodacom", + "Vodacom Foundation", + "Vodafone", + "Vodafone Call Centers", + "Vodafone Foundation", + "Voices of Africa", + "Voila", + "Voilà’s T-Cash", + "Volcafé", + "Voxiva", + "WCF", + "WCS", + "WSUP", + "WSUP Advisory", + "Wainwright Bank and Trust", + "Wal-Mart", + "Walkers", + "Walleniusrederierna", + "Walmart", + "Walt Disney Company", + "Walton Family Foundation (Walmart)", + "Wanda Organic", + "Warby Parker", + "Warid", + "Waste Management", + "WaterCredit", + "WellPoint, Inc.", + "West Blue Consulting", + "Western Harbour Tunnel Company Limited", + "Western Seed Company", + "Western Union", + "Westpac Institutional Bank", + "Weyerhaeuser Company", + "Wienco", + "Wildlife Conservation Society", + "Wiley", + "Williams Institute", + "Winrock International", + "Wockhardt", + "Worawora Outgrower Service Limited", + "Worawora Rice Mills", + "World Bank", + "World Cocoa Foundation (WCF)", + "World Resources Institute", + "World Vision", + "World Wide Web Foundation", + "World Wildlife Fund (WWF)", + "XL Axiata", + "Xac Bank", + "Xcel Energy Foundation", + "Xerox", + "YCash", + "Yahoo!", + "Yale’s Global Health Leadership Institute", + "Yara", + "Yemen Kuwait Bank", + "Yum! Brands", + "Zain Cash", + "Zakoura", + "Zambeef", + "Zambian Fertilizers", + "Zamseed", + "Zanaco", + "Zantel", + "Zara Simon", + "Zdenakie", + "Zenbaba FCU", + "Zenith Bank Plc", + "Zhongxing ZTE Corporation", + "Zilok", + "Zipcar", + "Zubr Capital Private Equity Fund", + "Zynga", + "ab-intel Limited", + "balloon Ventures", + "ezetop", + "iKang", + "iSmart", + "mWater", + "re.source", + "the Association of Precise Survey and Applied Technology", + "Биф Арт (Beef Art)", + "ЗАО Био-ресурс (CJSC Bio-Resurs)", + "Калмыцкий бройлер (Kalmytskii Broiler)", + "УК «Первая» (\"Pervaya\" management company)" + ], + "PSE Key Values": [ + "Ability to Influence Policy", + "Efficiency and Effectiveness", + "Flexibility and Pace", + "Innovation, Expertise, and Capabilities", + "Scale, Sustainability, and Reach" + ], + "PSE Key Values USAID Offers": [ + "Reputation and Credible Convening Power", + "Risk-Mitigation and Flexible Authorities", + "Sectoral Expertise and Knowledge", + "Strong In-Country Networks and Relationships", + "Support to Strengthen Enabling Environments" + ], + "PSE Ways We Engage": [ + "Advancing Learning and Market Research;", + "Catalyzing Private-Sector Resources;", + "Harnessing Private-Sector Expertise and Innovation;", + "Information-Sharing and Strategic Alignment", + "Strengthening the Enabling Environment" + ], + "Technical Sector": [ + "Agriculture and Food Security", + "Democracy, Human Rights, & Governance", + "Economic Growth", + "Education and Social Services", + "Environment/Climate Change", + "Health", + "Humanitarian Assistance", + "Peace & Security" + ], + "Type of Document": [ + "Impact Evaluation Report", + "Industry Publication", + "Landscape Analysis", + "Peer-reviewed article or other research report", + "Performance evaluation report", + "Political Economy Analysis", + "Systematic review or Meta-analysis", + "Use case/case study", + "White Paper/Think Tank Report" + ], + "Type of Enterprise": [ + "American Business", + "Business Association or Cooperative", + "Corporate Foundation", + "Financial Institution, Investors, and Intermediaries", + "For-profit Commercial Entity", + "For-profit approach that generates sustainable income", + "Formal Sector", + "Informal Sector", + "Large Enterprise", + "Local Business", + "Micro, Small, or Medium Enterprise", + "Multi-national Business", + "Regional Business" + ], + "USAID Region": [ + "Afghanistan and Pakistan", + "Africa", + "Asia", + "Europe and Eurasia", + "Global", + "Latin America and the Carribean", + "Middle East" + ], + "Year": [ + "2001", + "2002", + "2004", + "2006", + "2007", + "2008", + "2009", + "2010", + "2011", + "2012", + "2013", + "2014", + "2015", + "2016", + "2017", + "2018", + "2019", + "2020", + "2021", + "2022", + "2023" + ] + } +} diff --git a/data/latest.json b/data/latest.json index 7d41ede..640861e 120000 --- a/data/latest.json +++ b/data/latest.json @@ -1 +1 @@ -data_1698906785.json \ No newline at end of file +data_1701498766.json \ No 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