README.md

PWR019: Consider interchanging loops to favor vectorization by maximizing inner loop's trip count

Issue

Performance can be increased by using the highest possible trip count in the vectorized loop.

Actions

Interchange loops so that the loop with the highest trip count becomes the innermost loop.

Relevance

Vectorization takes advantage of having as high a trip count (ie. number of iterations) as possible. When loops are perfectly nested and they can be safely interchanged, making the loop with the highest trip count the innermost should increase vectorization performance.

Note

If the loop interchange introduces non-sequential memory accesses, the runtime can get slower because of the inefficient memory access pattern.

Code example

C

The following code shows two nested loops, where the outer one has a larger trip count than the inner one:

for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
  for (int j = margin; j < n - margin; j++) {
    bb[i][j] = 0.0;
    for (int k = -margin; k < margin; k++) {
      bb[i][j] += aa[i][j + k];
    }
  }
}

The value of margin is not known at compile time, but it is typically low. We can increase the loop trip count of the innermost loop by performing loop interchange. To do loop interchange, the loop over j and the loop over k need to be perfectly nested. We can make them perfectly nested by moving the initialization bb[i][j] = 0.0 into a separate loop:

for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
  for (int j = margin; j < n - margin; j++) {
    bb[i][j] = 0.0;
  }

  for (int k = -margin; k < margin; k++) {
    for (int j = margin; j < n - margin; j++) {
      bb[i][j] += aa[i][j + k];
    }
  }
}

Fortran

The following code shows two nested loops, where the outer one has a larger trip count than the inner one:

do i = 1, n
  do j = margin, n - margin
    bb(i, j) = 0.0

    do k = -margin, margin
      bb(i, j) = bb(i, j) + aa(i, j + k)
    end do
  end do
end do

The value of margin is not known at compile time, but it is typically low. We can increase the loop trip count of the innermost loop by performing loop interchange. To do loop interchange, the loop over j and the loop over k need to be perfectly nested. We can make them perfectly nested by moving the initialization bb(i, j) = 0.0 into a separate loop:

do i = 1, n
  do j = margin, n - margin
    bb(i, j) = 0.0
  end do

  do k = -margin, margin
    do j = margin, n - margin
      bb(i, j) = bb(i, j) + aa(i, j + k)
    end do
  end do
end do

Related resources

• PWR019 examples

References

• Vectorization

• Loop interchange