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Add v25.3 version
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‎src/current/_includes/v25.3/backups/external-storage-check-tip.md

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You can test the connection from each node in the cluster to your external storage with the [`CHECK EXTERNAL CONNECTION`]({% link {{ page.version.version }}/check-external-connection.md %}) statement.

‎src/current/_includes/v25.3/sidebar-data/sql.json

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"/${VERSION}/cancel-session.html"
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]
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},
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{
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"title": "<code>CHECK EXTERNAL CONNECTION</code>",
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"urls": [
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"/${VERSION}/check-external-connection.html"
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]
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},
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{
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"title": "<code>COMMENT ON</code>",
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"urls": [

‎src/current/v25.3/backup-validation.md

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The options that give the most validation coverage will increase the runtime of the check. That is, `verify_backup_table_data` will take a longer time to validate a backup compared to `check_files` or `schema_only` alone. Despite that, each of these validation options provide a quicker way to validate a backup over running a "regular" restore.
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{{site.data.alerts.callout_success}}
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{% include {{ page.version.version }}/backups/external-storage-check-tip.md %}
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{{site.data.alerts.end}}
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## Recommendations
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Cockroach Labs recommends implementing the following validation plan to test your backups:

‎src/current/v25.3/backup.md

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- Modifying backup files in the storage location could invalidate a backup, and therefore, prevent a restore. In v22.1 and later, **we recommend enabling [object locking]({% link {{ page.version.version }}/use-cloud-storage.md %}#immutable-storage) in your cloud storage bucket.**
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- While Cockroach Labs actively tests Amazon S3, Google Cloud Storage, and Azure Storage, we **do not** test [S3-compatible services]({% link {{ page.version.version }}/use-cloud-storage.md %}) (e.g., [MinIO](https://min.io/), [Red Hat Ceph](https://docs.ceph.com/en/pacific/radosgw/s3/)).
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{{site.data.alerts.callout_success}}
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{% include {{ page.version.version }}/backups/external-storage-check-tip.md %}
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{{site.data.alerts.end}}
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## Required privileges
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{% include {{ page.version.version }}/backups/updated-backup-privileges.md %}

‎src/current/v25.3/check-external-connection.md

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---
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title: CHECK EXTERNAL CONNECTION
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summary: Test the connection of each node to your cloud storage location.
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toc: true
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---
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The `CHECK EXTERNAL CONNECTION` tests the connection from each node in the cluster to an external cloud storage location. `CHECK EXTERNAL CONNECTION` will measure the time it takes each node to write a file, read it, and delete it from the specified storage location. You can adjust the number and concurrency of the test runs as well as the size of the file to write and read for each test.
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You can use the `CHECK EXTERNAL CONNECTION` to test the connection to [**cloud storage**]({% link {{ page.version.version }}/use-cloud-storage.md %}) locations.
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{{site.data.alerts.end}}
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## Synopsis
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<div>
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{% remote_include https://raw.githubusercontent.com/cockroachdb/generated-diagrams/{{ page.release_info.crdb_branch_name }}/grammar_svg/check_external_connection.html %}
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</div>
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## Parameters
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Parameter | Description
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----------+------------
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`connection_uri` | The URI to the external storage. Specify the [provider's URI]({% link {{ page.version.version }}/use-cloud-storage.md %}) (e.g., `gs://bucket_name?AUTH...`) or a user-defined [external connection]({% link {{ page.version.version }}/create-external-connection.md %}) (e.g., `external://gcs`).
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## Options
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Option | Value | Description
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--------+-------+------------
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`concurrently` | `INT` | Run multiple connection tests concurrently. If you also set the `time` option, it will run the specified number of concurrent tests until the time has elapsed. By default, only `1` connection test will run.
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`time` | `STRING` | Run the test repeatedly until the duration has elapsed.
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`transfer` | `STRING` | The size of the file that is written and read during each iteration of the connection test. By default, this will transfer a `32MiB` file.
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## Responses
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Field | Value | Description
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------|-------|------------
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`node` | `INT` | The node ID.
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`locality` | `STRING` | The [locality]({% link {{ page.version.version }}/cockroach-start.md %}#locality) of the node.
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`ok` | `BOOL` | Whether the test run succeeded.
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`error` | `STRING` | Errors encountered during the test run.
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`transferred` | `STRING` | The size of the file transferred during the test.
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`read_speed` | `STRING` | The speed at which the node read the test file.
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`write_speed` | `STRING` | The speed at which the node wrote the test file.
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`can_delete` | `BOOL` | Whether file deletion succeeded.
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## Test an external connection
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Specify the connection URI to the [external storage location]({% link {{ page.version.version }}/use-cloud-storage.md %}), or a created [external connection]({% link {{ page.version.version }}/create-external-connection.md %}):
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{% include_cached copy-clipboard.html %}
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~~~ sql
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CHECK EXTERNAL CONNECTION 'external://cloud-storage';
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~~~
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~~~
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node | locality | ok | error | transferred | read_speed | write_speed | can_delete
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-------+-------------------------------------------+----+-------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------
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1 | cloud=gce,region=us-east1,zone=us-east1-b | t | | 32 MiB | 66.17 MiB/s | 37.52 MiB/s | t
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3 | cloud=gce,region=us-east1,zone=us-east1-b | t | | 32 MiB | 41.77 MiB/s | 33.55 MiB/s | t
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2 | cloud=gce,region=us-east1,zone=us-east1-b | t | | 32 MiB | 14.23 MiB/s | 37.12 MiB/s | t
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~~~
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To modify the testing parameters, use one or a combination of the options: `concurrently`, `time`, `transfer`. For details on each, refer to [Options](#options).
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{% include_cached copy-clipboard.html %}
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~~~ sql
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CHECK EXTERNAL CONNECTION 'external://cloud-storage' WITH transfer = '50MiB', concurrently = 5, time = '1ms';
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~~~
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~~~
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node | locality | ok | error | transferred | read_speed | write_speed | can_delete
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-------+-------------------------------------------+----+-------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------
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2 | cloud=gce,region=us-east1,zone=us-east1-b | t | | 50 MiB | 59.85 MiB/s | 34.99 MiB/s | t
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1 | cloud=gce,region=us-east1,zone=us-east1-b | t | | 50 MiB | 58.26 MiB/s | 34.91 MiB/s | t
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1 | cloud=gce,region=us-east1,zone=us-east1-b | t | | 50 MiB | 57.69 MiB/s | 32.30 MiB/s | t
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2 | cloud=gce,region=us-east1,zone=us-east1-b | t | | 50 MiB | 55.51 MiB/s | 33.02 MiB/s | t
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3 | cloud=gce,region=us-east1,zone=us-east1-b | t | | 50 MiB | 59.29 MiB/s | 31.45 MiB/s | t
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3 | cloud=gce,region=us-east1,zone=us-east1-b | t | | 50 MiB | 55.61 MiB/s | 32.58 MiB/s | t
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3 | cloud=gce,region=us-east1,zone=us-east1-b | t | | 50 MiB | 61.04 MiB/s | 29.63 MiB/s | t
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1 | cloud=gce,region=us-east1,zone=us-east1-b | t | | 50 MiB | 47.69 MiB/s | 34.04 MiB/s | t
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1 | cloud=gce,region=us-east1,zone=us-east1-b | t | | 50 MiB | 55.66 MiB/s | 30.39 MiB/s | t
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1 | cloud=gce,region=us-east1,zone=us-east1-b | t | | 50 MiB | 57.77 MiB/s | 29.64 MiB/s | t
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2 | cloud=gce,region=us-east1,zone=us-east1-b | t | | 50 MiB | 44.95 MiB/s | 34.41 MiB/s | t
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2 | cloud=gce,region=us-east1,zone=us-east1-b | t | | 50 MiB | 46.77 MiB/s | 33.31 MiB/s | t
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2 | cloud=gce,region=us-east1,zone=us-east1-b | t | | 50 MiB | 57.64 MiB/s | 28.96 MiB/s | t
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3 | cloud=gce,region=us-east1,zone=us-east1-b | t | | 50 MiB | 58.99 MiB/s | 26.65 MiB/s | t
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3 | cloud=gce,region=us-east1,zone=us-east1-b | t | | 50 MiB | 15.14 MiB/s | 33.45 MiB/s | t
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~~~
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## See also
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- [Use Cloud Storage]({% link {{ page.version.version }}/use-cloud-storage.md %})
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- [Backup and Restore Overview]({% link {{ page.version.version }}/backup-and-restore-overview.md %})
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- [`CREATE EXTERNAL CONNECTION`]({% link {{ page.version.version }}/create-external-connection.md %})

‎src/current/v25.3/cloud-storage-authentication.md

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We recommend using IAM roles for users to authenticate to cloud storage resources. For more detail, see the assume role and workload identity sections for [Amazon S3]({% link {{ page.version.version }}/cloud-storage-authentication.md %}#set-up-amazon-s3-assume-role) and [Google Cloud Storage](cloud-storage-authentication.html?filters=gcs#set-up-google-cloud-storage-assume-role).
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{{site.data.alerts.callout_success}}
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{% include {{ page.version.version }}/backups/external-storage-check-tip.md %}
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{{site.data.alerts.end}}
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<div class="filters clearfix">
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<button class="filter-button" data-scope="s3">Amazon S3</button>
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<button class="filter-button" data-scope="gcs">Google Cloud Storage</button>

‎src/current/v25.3/use-cloud-storage.md

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### Example file URLs
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{{site.data.alerts.callout_success}}
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{% include {{ page.version.version }}/backups/external-storage-check-tip.md %}
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{{site.data.alerts.end}}
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Example URLs for [`BACKUP`]({% link {{ page.version.version }}/backup.md %}), [`RESTORE`]({% link {{ page.version.version }}/restore.md %}), or [`EXPORT`]({% link {{ page.version.version }}/export.md %}) given a bucket or container name of `acme-co` and an `employees` subdirectory:
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Location | Example

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