[Logical Optimizer] register logical properties

[AveryQi115]

The logical properties of the logical optimizer includes:

• schema
  • https://github.com/cmu-db/optd/issues/56
• outer cols (columns are not defined in the underlying expr trees, eg: agg output column...)
• equivalent cols (equivalent column sets)
• not null cols
• keys and weak keys cols (keys are unique not null columns, weak keys are unique columns(might contain nulls))
• foreign keys cols (cols have foreign key constraints)

[skyzh]

schema support is not complete 🤤