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<!doctype html><html lang=en class=no-js> <head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=description content="Documentation of the CMS Machine Learning Group"><meta name=author content="CMS Machine Learning Group"><link rel=canonical href=https://cms-ml.github.io/documentation/index.html><link rel=next href=newsletter/newsletters.html><link rel=icon href=images/favicon.png><meta name=generator content="mkdocs-1.6.0, mkdocs-material-9.5.23"><title>CMS Machine Learning Documentation</title><link rel=stylesheet href=assets/stylesheets/main.6543a935.min.css><link rel=stylesheet href=assets/stylesheets/palette.06af60db.min.css><link rel=preconnect href=https://fonts.gstatic.com crossorigin><link rel=stylesheet href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Roboto:300,300i,400,400i,700,700i%7CRoboto+Mono:400,400i,700,700i&display=fallback"><style>:root{--md-text-font:"Roboto";--md-code-font:"Roboto Mono"}</style><link rel=stylesheet 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</div> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--active"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" type=checkbox id=__toc> <a href=index.html class="md-nav__link md-nav__link--active"> <span class=md-ellipsis> Home </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=newsletter/newsletters.html class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Newsletters </span> </a> </li> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--section md-nav__item--nested"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type=checkbox id=__nav_3> <label class=md-nav__link for=__nav_3 id=__nav_3_label tabindex> <span class=md-ellipsis> Innovation </span> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> <nav class=md-nav data-md-level=1 aria-labelledby=__nav_3_label aria-expanded=false> <label class=md-nav__title for=__nav_3> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> Innovation </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=innovation/journal_club.html class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> ML Journal Club </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=innovation/hackathons.html class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> ML Hackathons </span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--section md-nav__item--nested"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type=checkbox id=__nav_4> <label class=md-nav__link for=__nav_4 id=__nav_4_label tabindex> <span class=md-ellipsis> Resources </span> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> <nav class=md-nav data-md-level=1 aria-labelledby=__nav_4_label aria-expanded=false> <label class=md-nav__title for=__nav_4> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> Resources </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=resources/cloud_resources/index.html class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Cloud Resources </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=resources/dataset_resources/index.html class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Dataset Resources </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=resources/fpga_resources/index.html class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> FPGA Resource </span> </a> </li> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type=checkbox id=__nav_4_4> <label class=md-nav__link for=__nav_4_4 id=__nav_4_4_label tabindex=0> <span class=md-ellipsis> GPU Resources </span> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> <nav class=md-nav data-md-level=2 aria-labelledby=__nav_4_4_label aria-expanded=false> <label class=md-nav__title for=__nav_4_4> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> GPU Resources </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=resources/gpu_resources/cms_resources/lxplus_gpu.html class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> lxplus-gpu </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=resources/gpu_resources/cms_resources/lxplus_htcondor.html class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> CERN HTCondor </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=resources/gpu_resources/cms_resources/swan.html class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> SWAN </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=resources/gpu_resources/cms_resources/ml_cern_ch.html class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> ml.cern.ch </span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--section md-nav__item--nested"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type=checkbox id=__nav_5> <label class=md-nav__link for=__nav_5 id=__nav_5_label tabindex> <span class=md-ellipsis> Guides </span> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> <nav class=md-nav data-md-level=1 aria-labelledby=__nav_5_label aria-expanded=false> <label class=md-nav__title for=__nav_5> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> Guides </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type=checkbox id=__nav_5_1> <label class=md-nav__link for=__nav_5_1 id=__nav_5_1_label tabindex=0> <span class=md-ellipsis> Software environments </span> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> <nav class=md-nav data-md-level=2 aria-labelledby=__nav_5_1_label aria-expanded=false> <label class=md-nav__title for=__nav_5_1> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> Software environments </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=software_envs/lcg_environments.html class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> LCG environments </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=software_envs/containers.html class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Using containers </span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type=checkbox id=__nav_5_2> <label class=md-nav__link for=__nav_5_2 id=__nav_5_2_label tabindex=0> <span class=md-ellipsis> Optimization </span> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> <nav class=md-nav data-md-level=2 aria-labelledby=__nav_5_2_label aria-expanded=false> <label class=md-nav__title for=__nav_5_2> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> Optimization </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=optimization/model_optimization.html class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Model optimization </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=optimization/importance.html class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Feature importance </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=optimization/data_augmentation.html class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Data augmentation </span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type=checkbox id=__nav_5_3> <label class=md-nav__link for=__nav_5_3 id=__nav_5_3_label tabindex=0> <span class=md-ellipsis> General Advice </span> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> <nav class=md-nav data-md-level=2 aria-labelledby=__nav_5_3_label aria-expanded=false> <label class=md-nav__title for=__nav_5_3> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> General Advice </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=general_advice/intro.html class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Introduction </span> </a> </li> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type=checkbox id=__nav_5_3_2> <label class=md-nav__link for=__nav_5_3_2 id=__nav_5_3_2_label tabindex=0> <span class=md-ellipsis> Before training </span> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> <nav class=md-nav data-md-level=3 aria-labelledby=__nav_5_3_2_label aria-expanded=false> <label class=md-nav__title for=__nav_5_3_2> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> Before training </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=general_advice/before/domains.html class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Domains </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=general_advice/before/features.html class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Features </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=general_advice/before/inputs.html class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Inputs </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=general_advice/before/model.html class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Model </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=general_advice/before/metrics.html class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Metrics & Losses </span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type=checkbox id=__nav_5_3_3> <label class=md-nav__link for=__nav_5_3_3 id=__nav_5_3_3_label tabindex=0> <span class=md-ellipsis> During training </span> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> <nav class=md-nav data-md-level=3 aria-labelledby=__nav_5_3_3_label aria-expanded=false> <label class=md-nav__title for=__nav_5_3_3> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> During training </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=general_advice/during/overfitting.html class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Overfitting </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=general_advice/during/xvalidation.html class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Cross-validation </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=general_advice/during/opt.html class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Optimisation problems </span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=general_advice/after/after.html class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> After training </span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type=checkbox id=__nav_5_4> <label class=md-nav__link for=__nav_5_4 id=__nav_5_4_label tabindex=0> <span class=md-ellipsis> Inference </span> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> <nav class=md-nav data-md-level=2 aria-labelledby=__nav_5_4_label aria-expanded=false> <label class=md-nav__title for=__nav_5_4> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> Inference </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type=checkbox id=__nav_5_4_1> <label class=md-nav__link for=__nav_5_4_1 id=__nav_5_4_1_label tabindex=0> <span class=md-ellipsis> Direct inference </span> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> <nav class=md-nav data-md-level=3 aria-labelledby=__nav_5_4_1_label aria-expanded=false> <label class=md-nav__title for=__nav_5_4_1> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> Direct inference </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=inference/tensorflow2.html class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> TensorFlow 2 </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=inference/tensorflow_aot.html class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> TensorFlow AOT </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=inference/pytorch.html class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> PyTorch </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=inference/pyg.html class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> PyTorch Geometric </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=inference/onnx.html class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> ONNX </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=inference/xgboost.html class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> XGBoost </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=inference/hls4ml.html class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> hls4ml </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=inference/conifer.html class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> conifer </span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type=checkbox id=__nav_5_4_2> <label class=md-nav__link for=__nav_5_4_2 id=__nav_5_4_2_label tabindex=0> <span class=md-ellipsis> Inference as a service </span> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> <nav class=md-nav data-md-level=3 aria-labelledby=__nav_5_4_2_label aria-expanded=false> <label class=md-nav__title for=__nav_5_4_2> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> Inference as a service </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=inference/sonic_triton.html class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Sonic/Triton </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=inference/tfaas.html class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> TFaaS </span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type=checkbox 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</span> </a> </li> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type=checkbox id=__nav_5_4_6> <label class=md-nav__link for=__nav_5_4_6 id=__nav_5_4_6_label tabindex=0> <span class=md-ellipsis> Successful integrations </span> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> <nav class=md-nav data-md-level=3 aria-labelledby=__nav_5_4_6_label aria-expanded=false> <label class=md-nav__title for=__nav_5_4_6> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> Successful integrations </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=inference/particlenet.html class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> ParticleNet </span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type=checkbox id=__nav_5_5> <label class=md-nav__link for=__nav_5_5 id=__nav_5_5_label tabindex=0> <span class=md-ellipsis> Training </span> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> <nav class=md-nav data-md-level=2 aria-labelledby=__nav_5_5_label aria-expanded=false> <label class=md-nav__title for=__nav_5_5> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> Training </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=training/Decorrelation.html class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Decorrelation </span> </a> </li> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type=checkbox id=__nav_5_5_2> <label class=md-nav__link for=__nav_5_5_2 id=__nav_5_5_2_label tabindex=0> <span class=md-ellipsis> Training as a Service </span> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> <nav class=md-nav data-md-level=3 aria-labelledby=__nav_5_5_2_label aria-expanded=false> <label class=md-nav__title for=__nav_5_5_2> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> Training as a Service </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=training/MLaaS4HEP.html class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> MLaaS4HEP </span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=training/autoencoders.html class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Autoencoders </span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> </ul> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="md-sidebar md-sidebar--secondary" data-md-component=sidebar data-md-type=toc> <div class=md-sidebar__scrollwrap> <div class=md-sidebar__inner> <nav class="md-nav md-nav--secondary" aria-label="Table of contents"> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class=md-content data-md-component=content> <article class="md-content__inner md-typeset"> <h1>Home</h1> <p>Welcome to the documentation hub for the CMS Machine Learning Group! The goal of this page is to provide CMS analyzers a centralized place to gather machine learning information relevant to their work. However, we are not seeking to rewrite external documentation. Whenever applicable, we will link to external documentation, such as the iML groups <a href=https://iml-wg.github.io/HEPML-LivingReview/ >HEP Living Review</a> or their <a href=https://github.com/iml-wg/HEP-ML-Resources>ML Resources</a> repository. What you will find here are pages covering:</p> <ul> <li>ML best practices</li> <li>How to optimize a NN</li> <li>Common pitfalls for CMS analyzers</li> <li>Direct and indirect inferencing using a variety of ML packages</li> <li>How to get a model integrated into CMSSW</li> </ul> <p>And much more!</p> <p>We recently launched v1 of the ML Knowledge Newsletter located <a href=newsletter/newsletters.html>here</a>, and we're also looking for new writers and contributors. If you would like to be featured in this newsletter or would like to nominate someone to be featured, please let us know!</p> <p><span style=font-size:0.8em>If you think we are missing some important information, please contact the <a href="mailto:cms-conveners-ml-knowledge at cern.ch">ML Knowledge Subgroup</a>!</span></p> <aside class=md-source-file> <span class=md-source-file__fact> <span class=md-icon title="Last update"> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M21 13.1c-.1 0-.3.1-.4.2l-1 1 2.1 2.1 1-1c.2-.2.2-.6 0-.8l-1.3-1.3c-.1-.1-.2-.2-.4-.2m-1.9 1.8-6.1 6V23h2.1l6.1-6.1-2.1-2M12.5 7v5.2l4 2.4-1 1L11 13V7h1.5M11 21.9c-5.1-.5-9-4.8-9-9.9C2 6.5 6.5 2 12 2c5.3 0 9.6 4.1 10 9.3-.3-.1-.6-.2-1-.2s-.7.1-1 .2C19.6 7.2 16.2 4 12 4c-4.4 0-8 3.6-8 8 0 4.1 3.1 7.5 7.1 7.9l-.1.2v1.8Z"/></svg> </span> <span class="git-revision-date-localized-plugin git-revision-date-localized-plugin-date">November 17, 2024</span> </span> </aside> </article> </div> <script>var target=document.getElementById(location.hash.slice(1));target&&target.name&&(target.checked=target.name.startsWith("__tabbed_"))</script> </div> </main> <footer class=md-footer> <div class="md-footer-meta md-typeset"> <div class="md-footer-meta__inner md-grid"> <div class=md-copyright> <div class=md-copyright__highlight> Copyright © 2020-2023 CMS Machine Learning Group </div> Made with <a href=https://squidfunk.github.io/mkdocs-material/ target=_blank rel=noopener> Material for MkDocs </a> </div> <div class=md-social> <a href=https://github.com/cms-ml target=_blank rel=noopener title=github.com class=md-social__link> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 480 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 6.5.2 by @fontawesome - 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