ipc.json

[
  {
    "chapter": 1,
    "chapter_title": "introduction",
    "Section": 1,
    "section_title": "Title and extent of operation of the Code",
    "section_desc": "This Act shall be called the Indian Penal Code, and shall extend to the whole of India except the State of Jammu and Kashmir."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 1,
    "chapter_title": "introduction",
    "Section": 2,
    "section_title": "Punishment of offences committed within India",
    "section_desc": "Every person shall be liable to punishment under this Code and not otherwise for every act or omission contrary to the provisions thereof, of which he shall be guilty within India."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 1,
    "chapter_title": "introduction",
    "Section": 3,
    "section_title": "Punishment of offences committed beyond, but which by law may be tried within, India",
    "section_desc": "Any person liable, by any Indian law, to be tried for an offence committed beyond India shall be dealt with according to the provisions of this Code for any act committed beyond India in the same manner as if such act had been committed within India."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 1,
    "chapter_title": "introduction",
    "Section": 4,
    "section_title": "Extension of Code to extra-territorial offences",
    "section_desc": "The provisions of this Code apply also to any offence committed by:"
  },
  {
    "chapter": 1,
    "chapter_title": "introduction",
    "Section": 5,
    "section_title": "Certain laws not to be affected by this Act",
    "section_desc": "Nothing in this Act shall affect the provisions of any Act for punishing mutiny and desertion of officers, soldiers, sailors or airmen in the service of the Government of India or the provision of any special or local law."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 2,
    "chapter_title": "general explanations",
    "Section": 6,
    "section_title": "Definitions in the Code to be understood subject to exceptions",
    "section_desc": "Throughout this Code every definition of an Offence, every penal provision and every illustration of every such definition or penal provision, shall be understood subject to the exceptions contained in the Chapter entitled “General Exceptions”, though those exceptions are not repeated in such definition, penal provision, or illustration."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 2,
    "chapter_title": "general explanations",
    "Section": 7,
    "section_title": "Sense of expression once explained",
    "section_desc": "Every expression which is explained in any part of this Code, is used in every part of this Code in conformity with the Explanation."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 2,
    "chapter_title": "general explanations",
    "Section": 8,
    "section_title": "Gender",
    "section_desc": "The pronoun “he” and its derivatives are used for any person, whether male or female."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 2,
    "chapter_title": "general explanations",
    "Section": 9,
    "section_title": "Number",
    "section_desc": "Unless the contrary appears from the context, words importing the singular number include the plural number, and words importing the plural number include the singular number."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 2,
    "chapter_title": "general explanations",
    "Section": 10,
    "section_title": "Man and  Woman",
    "section_desc": "The word “man” denotes a male human being of any age;\nThe word “woman” denotes a female human being of any age."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 2,
    "chapter_title": "general explanations",
    "Section": 11,
    "section_title": "Person",
    "section_desc": "The word “person” includes any Company or Association or body of persons, whether incorporated or not."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 2,
    "chapter_title": "general explanations",
    "Section": 12,
    "section_title": "Public",
    "section_desc": "The word “public” includes any class of the public or any community."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 2,
    "chapter_title": "general explanations",
    "Section": 13,
    "section_title": "Queen",
    "section_desc": "[Repealed by the A. O. 1950]"
  },
  {
    "chapter": 2,
    "chapter_title": "general explanations",
    "Section": 14,
    "section_title": "Servant of Government",
    "section_desc": "The words “servant of Government” denote any officer or servant continued, appointed or employed in India by or under the authority of Government."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 2,
    "chapter_title": "general explanations",
    "Section": 15,
    "section_title": "British India",
    "section_desc": "Repealed by A. O. 1937."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 2,
    "chapter_title": "general explanations",
    "Section": 16,
    "section_title": "Government of India",
    "section_desc": "Repealed ibid."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 2,
    "chapter_title": "general explanations",
    "Section": 17,
    "section_title": "Government",
    "section_desc": "The word “Government” denotes the Central Government or the Government of a State."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 2,
    "chapter_title": "general explanations",
    "Section": 18,
    "section_title": "India",
    "section_desc": "“India” means the territory of India excluding the State of Jammu and Kashmir."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 2,
    "chapter_title": "general explanations",
    "Section": 19,
    "section_title": "Judge",
    "section_desc": "The word “Judge” denotes not only every person who is officially designated as a Judge, but also every person.\nwho is empowered by law to give, in any legal proceeding, civil or criminal, a definitive judgment, or a judgment which, if not appealed against, would be definitive, or a judgment which, if confirmed by some other authority, would be definitive, or who is one of a body of persons, which body of persons is empowered by law to give such a judgment."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 2,
    "chapter_title": "general explanations",
    "Section": 20,
    "section_title": "Court of Justice",
    "section_desc": "The words “Court of Justice” denote a Judge who is empowered by law to act judicially alone, or a body of Judges which is empowered by law to act judicially as a body, when such Judge or body of Judges is acting judicially."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 2,
    "chapter_title": "general explanations",
    "Section": 21,
    "section_title": "Public servant",
    "section_desc": "The words “public servant” denote a person falling under any of the descriptions hereinafter following, namely:"
  },
  {
    "chapter": 2,
    "chapter_title": "general explanations",
    "Section": 22,
    "section_title": "Movable property",
    "section_desc": "The words “movable property” are intended to include corporeal property of every description, except land and things attached to the earth or permanently fastened to anything which is attached to the earth."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 2,
    "chapter_title": "general explanations",
    "Section": 23,
    "section_title": "Wrongful gain",
    "section_desc": "“Wrongful gain”: Wrongful gain is gain by unlawful means of property to which the person gaining is not legally entitled.\n“Wrongful loss”: Wrongful loss is the loss by unlawful means of property to which the person losing it is legally entitled.\n“Gaining wrongfully”: A person is said to gain wrongfully when such person retains wrongfully, as well as when such person acquires wrongfully.\n“Losing wrongfully”: A person is said to lose wrongfully when such person is wrongfully kept out of any property, as well as when such person is wrongfully deprived of property."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 2,
    "chapter_title": "general explanations",
    "Section": 24,
    "section_title": "Dishonestly",
    "section_desc": "Whoever does anything with the intention of causing wrongful gain to one person or wrongful loss to another person, is said to do that thing “dishonestly”."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 2,
    "chapter_title": "general explanations",
    "Section": 25,
    "section_title": "Fraudulently",
    "section_desc": "A person is said to do a thing fraudulently if he does that thing with intent to defraud but not otherwise."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 2,
    "chapter_title": "general explanations",
    "Section": 26,
    "section_title": "Reason to believe",
    "section_desc": "A person is said to have “reason to believe” a thing, if he has sufficient cause to believe that thing but not otherwise."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 2,
    "chapter_title": "general explanations",
    "Section": 27,
    "section_title": "Property in possession of wife, clerk or servant",
    "section_desc": "When property is in the possession of a person’s wife, clerk or servant, on account of that person, it is in that person’s possession within the meaning of this Code."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 2,
    "chapter_title": "general explanations",
    "Section": 28,
    "section_title": "Counterfeit",
    "section_desc": "A person is said to “counterfeit” who causes one thing to resemble another thing, intending by means of that resemblance to practice deception, or knowing it to be likely that deception will thereby be practiced."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 2,
    "chapter_title": "general explanations",
    "Section": 29,
    "section_title": "Document",
    "section_desc": "The word “document” denotes any matter expressed or described upon any substance by means of letters, figures or marks, or by more than one of those means, intended to be used, or which may be used, as evidence of that matter."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 2,
    "chapter_title": "general explanations",
    "Section": "29A",
    "section_title": "Electronic record",
    "section_desc": "The words “electronic record” shall have the meaning assigned to them in clause (t) of sub-section (1) of section 2 of the Information Technology Act, 2000."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 2,
    "chapter_title": "general explanations",
    "Section": 30,
    "section_title": "Valuable security",
    "section_desc": "The words “valuable security” denote a document which is, or purports to be, a document whereby any legal right is created, extended, transferred, restricted, extinguished or released, or who hereby any person acknowledges that he lies under legal liability, or has not a certain legal right."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 2,
    "chapter_title": "general explanations",
    "Section": 31,
    "section_title": "A will",
    "section_desc": "The words “a will” denote any testamentary document."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 2,
    "chapter_title": "general explanations",
    "Section": 32,
    "section_title": "Words referring to acts include illegal omissions",
    "section_desc": "In every part of this Code, except where a contrary intention appears from the context, words which refer to acts done extend also to illegal omissions."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 2,
    "chapter_title": "general explanations",
    "Section": 33,
    "section_title": "Act .  Omission",
    "section_desc": "The word “act” denotes as well as series of acts as a single act: the word “omission” denotes as well a series of omissions as a single omission."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 2,
    "chapter_title": "general explanations",
    "Section": 34,
    "section_title": "Acts done by several persons in furtherance of common intention -",
    "section_desc": "When a criminal act is done by several persons in furtherance of the common intention of all, each of such persons is liable for that act in the same manner as if it were done by him alone."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 2,
    "chapter_title": "general explanations",
    "Section": 35,
    "section_title": "When such an act is criminal by reason of its being done with a criminal knowledge or intention",
    "section_desc": "Whenever an act, which is criminal only by reason of its being done with a criminal knowledge or intention, is done by several persons, each of such persons who joins in the act with such knowledge or intention is liable for the act in the same manner as if the act were done by him alone with that knowledge or intention."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 2,
    "chapter_title": "general explanations",
    "Section": 36,
    "section_title": "Effect caused partly by act and partly by omission",
    "section_desc": "Wherever the causing of a certain effect, or an attempt to cause that effect, by an act or by an omission, is an offence, it is to be understood that the causing of that effect partly by an act and partly by an omission is the same offence."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 2,
    "chapter_title": "general explanations",
    "Section": 37,
    "section_title": "Co-operation by doing one of several acts constituting an offence",
    "section_desc": "When an offence is committed by means of several acts, whoever intentionally co-operates in the commission of that offence by doing any one of those acts, either singly or jointly with any other person, commits that offence."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 2,
    "chapter_title": "general explanations",
    "Section": 38,
    "section_title": "Persons concerned in criminal Act may be guilty of different offences",
    "section_desc": "Where several persons are engaged or concerned in the commission of a criminal act, they may be guilty of different offences by means of that act."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 2,
    "chapter_title": "general explanations",
    "Section": 39,
    "section_title": "Voluntarily",
    "section_desc": "A person is said to cause an effect “voluntarily” when he causes it by means whereby he intended to cause it, or by means which, at the time of employing those means, he knew or had reason to believe to be likely to cause it."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 2,
    "chapter_title": "general explanations",
    "Section": 40,
    "section_title": "Offence",
    "section_desc": "Except in the Chapters and sections mentioned in clauses 2 and 3 of this section, the word “offence” denotes a thing made punishable by this Code."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 2,
    "chapter_title": "general explanations",
    "Section": 41,
    "section_title": "Special law",
    "section_desc": "A “special law” is a law applicable to a particular subject."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 2,
    "chapter_title": "general explanations",
    "Section": 42,
    "section_title": "Local law",
    "section_desc": "A “local law” is a law applicable only to a particular part of India."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 2,
    "chapter_title": "general explanations",
    "Section": 43,
    "section_title": "Illegal .  Legally bound to do",
    "section_desc": "The word “illegal” is applicable to everything which is an offence or which is prohibited by law, or which furnishes ground for a civil action; and a person is said to be “legally bound to do” whatever it is illegal in him to omit."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 2,
    "chapter_title": "general explanations",
    "Section": 44,
    "section_title": "Injury",
    "section_desc": "The word “injury” denotes any harm whatsoever illegally caused to any person, in body, mind, reputation or property."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 2,
    "chapter_title": "general explanations",
    "Section": 45,
    "section_title": "Life",
    "section_desc": "The word “life” denotes the life of a human being, unless the contrary appears from the context."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 2,
    "chapter_title": "general explanations",
    "Section": 46,
    "section_title": "Death",
    "section_desc": "The word “death” denotes the death of a human being unless the contrary appears from the context."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 2,
    "chapter_title": "general explanations",
    "Section": 47,
    "section_title": "Animal",
    "section_desc": "The word “animal” denotes any living creature, other than a human being."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 2,
    "chapter_title": "general explanations",
    "Section": 48,
    "section_title": "Vessel",
    "section_desc": "The word “vessel” denotes anything made for the conveyance by water of human beings or of property."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 2,
    "chapter_title": "general explanations",
    "Section": 49,
    "section_title": "Year .  Month",
    "section_desc": "Wherever the word “year” or the word “month” is used, it is to be understood that the year or the month is to be reckoned according to the British calendar."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 2,
    "chapter_title": "general explanations",
    "Section": 50,
    "section_title": "Section",
    "section_desc": "The word “section” denotes one of those portions of a Chapter of this Code which are distinguished by prefixed numeral figures."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 2,
    "chapter_title": "general explanations",
    "Section": 51,
    "section_title": "Oath",
    "section_desc": "The word “oath” includes a solemn affirmation substituted by law for an oath, and any declaration required or authorized by law to be made before a public servant or to be used for the purpose of proof, whether in a Court of Justice or not."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 2,
    "chapter_title": "general explanations",
    "Section": 52,
    "section_title": "Good faith",
    "section_desc": "Nothing is said to be done or believed in “good faith” which is done or believed without due care and attention."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 2,
    "chapter_title": "general explanations",
    "Section": "52A",
    "section_title": "Harbour",
    "section_desc": "Except in section 157, and in section 130 in the case in which the harbour is given by the wife or husband of the person harboured, the word “harbour” includes the supplying a person with shelter, food, drink, money, clothes, arms, ammunition or means of conveyance, or the assisting a person by any means, whether of the same kind as those enumerated in this section or not, to evade apprehension."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 3,
    "chapter_title": "punishments",
    "Section": 53,
    "section_title": "Punishments",
    "section_desc": "The punishments to which offenders are liable under the provisions of this Code are"
  },
  {
    "chapter": 3,
    "chapter_title": "punishments",
    "Section": "53A",
    "section_title": "Construction of reference to transportation",
    "section_desc": "Subject to the provisions of sub-section (2) and sub-section (3), any reference to “transportation for life” in any other law for the time being in force or in any instrument or order having effect by virtue of any such law or of any enactment repealed shall be construed as a reference to “imprisonment for life”. In every case in which a sentence of transportation for a term has been passed before the commencement of the Code of Criminal Procedure (Amendment) Act, 1955, (26 of 1955), the offender shall be dealt with in the same manner as if sentenced to rigorous imprisonment for the same term. Any reference to transportation for a term or to transportation for any shorter term (by whatever name called) in any other law for the time being in force shall be deemed to have been omitted.\nAny reference to “transportation” in any other law for the time being in force shall\nif the expression means transportation for life, be construed as a reference to imprisonment for life;\nif the expression means transportation for any shorter term, be deemed to have been omitted."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 3,
    "chapter_title": "punishments",
    "Section": 54,
    "section_title": "Commutation of sentence of death",
    "section_desc": "In every case in which sentence of death shall have been passed, the appropriate Government may, without the consent of the offender, commute the punishment for any other punishment provided by this Code."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 3,
    "chapter_title": "punishments",
    "Section": 55,
    "section_title": "Commutation of sentence of imprisonment for life",
    "section_desc": "In every case in which sentence of imprisonment for life shall have been passed, the appropriate Government may, without the consent of the offender, commute the punishment for imprisonment of either description for a term not exceeding fourteen years."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 3,
    "chapter_title": "punishments",
    "Section": "55A",
    "section_title": "Definition of  appropriate Government",
    "section_desc": "In sections 54 and 55 the expression “appropriate Government” means:"
  },
  {
    "chapter": 3,
    "chapter_title": "punishments",
    "Section": 56,
    "section_title": "Sentence of Europeans and Americans to penal servitude.",
    "section_desc": "Repealed by the Criminal Law (Removal of Racial Discriminations) Act, 1949 (17 of 1949)"
  },
  {
    "chapter": 3,
    "chapter_title": "punishments",
    "Section": 57,
    "section_title": "Fractions of terms of punishment",
    "section_desc": "In calculating fractions of terms of punishment, imprisonment for life shall be reckoned as equivalent to imprisonment for twenty years."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 3,
    "chapter_title": "punishments",
    "Section": 58,
    "section_title": "Offenders sentenced to transportation how dealt with until transported.",
    "section_desc": "Repealed by the Code of Criminal Procedure (Amendment) Act, 1955 (26 of 1955), S. 117 and Sch."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 3,
    "chapter_title": "punishments",
    "Section": 59,
    "section_title": "Transportation instead of imprisonment.",
    "section_desc": "Repealed by the Code of Criminal Procedure (Amendment) Act, 1955 (26 of 1955) S. 117 and Sch."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 3,
    "chapter_title": "punishments",
    "Section": 60,
    "section_title": "Sentence may be (in certain cases of imprisonment) wholly or partly rigorous or simple",
    "section_desc": "In every case in which an offender is punishable with imprisonment which may be of either description, it shall be competent to the Court which sentences such offender to direct in the sentence that such imprisonment shall be wholly rigorous, or that such imprisonment shall be wholly simple or that any part of such imprisonment shall be rigorous and the rest simple."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 3,
    "chapter_title": "punishments",
    "Section": 61,
    "section_title": "Sentence of forfeiture of property.",
    "section_desc": "Repealed by the Indian Penal Code (Amendment) Act, 1921 (16 of 1921), S. 4."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 3,
    "chapter_title": "punishments",
    "Section": 62,
    "section_title": "Forfeiture of property, in respect of offenders punishable with death, transportation or imprisonment.",
    "section_desc": "Repealed by S. 4 ibid."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 3,
    "chapter_title": "punishments",
    "Section": 63,
    "section_title": "Amount of fine",
    "section_desc": "Where no sum is expressed to which a fine may extend, the amount of fine to which the offender is liable is unlimited, but shall not be excessive."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 3,
    "chapter_title": "punishments",
    "Section": 64,
    "section_title": "Sentence of imprisonment for non-payment of fine",
    "section_desc": "In every case of an offence punishable with imprisonment as well as fine, in which the offender is sentenced to a fine, whether with or without imprisonment, and in every case of an offence punishable with imprisonment or fine, or with fine only, in which the offender is sentenced to a fine."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 3,
    "chapter_title": "punishments",
    "Section": 65,
    "section_title": "Limit to imprisonment for non-payment of fine, when imprisonment and fine awardable",
    "section_desc": "The term for which the Court directs the offender to be imprisoned in default of payment of a fine shall not exceed one-fourth of the term of imprisonment which is the maximum fixed for the offence, if the offence be punishable with imprisonment as well as fine."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 3,
    "chapter_title": "punishments",
    "Section": 66,
    "section_title": "Description of imprisonment for non-payment of fine",
    "section_desc": "The imprisonment which the Court imposes in default of payment of a fine may be of any description to which the offender might have been sentenced for the offence."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 3,
    "chapter_title": "punishments",
    "Section": 67,
    "section_title": "Imprisonment for non-payment of fine, when offence punishable with fine only",
    "section_desc": "If the offence be punishable with fine only, the imprisonment which the Court imposes in default of payment of the fine shall be simple, and the term for which the Court directs the offender to be imprisoned, in default of payment of fine, shall not exceed the following scale, that is to say,\nfor any term not exceeding two months when the amount of the fine shall not exceed fifty rupees,\nand for any term not exceeding four months when the amount shall not exceed one hundred rupees,\nand for any term not exceeding six months in any other case."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 3,
    "chapter_title": "punishments",
    "Section": 68,
    "section_title": "Imprisonment to terminate on payment of fine",
    "section_desc": "The imprisonment which is imposed in default of payment of a fine shall terminate whenever that fine is either paid or levied by process of law."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 3,
    "chapter_title": "punishments",
    "Section": 69,
    "section_title": "Termination of imprisonment on payment of proportional part of fine",
    "section_desc": "If, before the expiration of the term of imprisonment fixed in default of payment, such a proportion of the fine be paid or levied that the term of imprisonment suffered in default of payment is not less than proportional to the part of the fine still unpaid, the imprisonment shall terminate."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 3,
    "chapter_title": "punishments",
    "Section": 70,
    "section_title": "Fine leviable within six years, or during imprisonment. Death not to discharge property from liability",
    "section_desc": "The fine, or any part thereof which remains unpaid, may be levied at any time within six years after the passing of the sentence, and if, under the sentence, the offender be liable to imprisonment for a longer period than six years, then at any time previous to the expiration of that period;\nand the death of the offender does not discharge from the liability any property which would, after his death, be legally liable for his debts."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 3,
    "chapter_title": "punishments",
    "Section": 71,
    "section_title": "Limit of punishment of offence made up of several offences",
    "section_desc": "Where anything which is an offence is made up of parts, any of which parts is itself an offence, the offender shall not be punished with the punishment of more than one of such his offences, unless it be so expressly provided."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 3,
    "chapter_title": "punishments",
    "Section": 72,
    "section_title": "Punishment of person guilty of one of several offences, the judgment stating that it is doubtful of which",
    "section_desc": "In all cases in which judgment is given that a person is guilty of one of several offences specified in the judgment, but that it is doubtful of which of these offences he is guilty, the offender shall be punished for the offence for which the lowest punishment is provided if the same punishment is not provided for all."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 3,
    "chapter_title": "punishments",
    "Section": 73,
    "section_title": "Solitary confinement",
    "section_desc": "Whenever any person is convicted of an offence for which under this Code the Court has power to sentence him to rigorous imprisonment, the Court may, by its sentence, order that the offender shall be kept in solitary confinement for any portion or portions of the imprisonment to which he is sentenced, not exceeding three months in the whole, according to the following scale, that is to say:\na time not exceeding one month if the term of imprisonment shall not exceed six months;\na time not exceeding two months if the term of imprisonment shall exceed six months and shall not exceed one year;\na time not exceeding three months if the term of imprisonment shall exceed one year."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 3,
    "chapter_title": "punishments",
    "Section": 74,
    "section_title": "Limit of solitary confinement",
    "section_desc": "In executing a sentence of solitary confinement, such confinement shall in no case exceed fourteen days at a time, with intervals between the periods of solitary confinement of not less duration than such periods;\nand when the imprisonment awarded shall exceed three months, the solitary confinement shall not exceed seven days in any one month of the whole imprisonment awarded, with intervals between the periods of solitary confinement of not less duration than such periods."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 3,
    "chapter_title": "punishments",
    "Section": 75,
    "section_title": "Enhanced punishment for certain offences under Chapter XII or Chapter XVII after previous conviction",
    "section_desc": "Whoever, having been convicted: by a Court in India, of an offence punishable under Chapter XII or Chapter XVII of this Code with imprisonment of either description for a term of three years or upwards, shall be guilty of any offence punishable under either of those Chapters with like imprisonment for the like term, shall be subject for every such subsequent offence to imprisonment for life or to imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to ten years."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 4,
    "chapter_title": "general exceptions",
    "Section": 76,
    "section_title": "Act done by a person bound, or by mistake of fact believing himself bound, by law",
    "section_desc": "Nothing is an offence which is done by a person who is, or who by reason of a mistake of fact and not by reason of a mistake of law in good faith believes himself to be, bound by law to do it."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 4,
    "chapter_title": "general exceptions",
    "Section": 77,
    "section_title": "Act of Judge when acting judicially",
    "section_desc": "Nothing is an offence which is done by a Judge when acting judicially in the exercise of any power which is, or which in good faith he believes to be, given to him by law."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 4,
    "chapter_title": "general exceptions",
    "Section": 78,
    "section_title": "Act done pursuant to the judgment or order of Court",
    "section_desc": "Nothing which is done in pursuance of, or which is warranted by the judgment or order of, a Court of Justice, if done whilst such judgment or order remains in force, is an offence, notwithstanding the Court may have had no jurisdiction to pass such judgment or order, provided the person doing the act in good faith believes that the Court had such jurisdiction."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 4,
    "chapter_title": "general exceptions",
    "Section": 79,
    "section_title": "Act done by a person justified, or by mistake of fact believing himself, justified, by law",
    "section_desc": "Nothing is an offence which is done by any person who is justified by law, or who by reason of a mistake of fact and not by reason of a mistake of law in good faith, believes himself to be justified by law, in doing it."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 4,
    "chapter_title": "general exceptions",
    "Section": 80,
    "section_title": "Accident in doing a lawful act",
    "section_desc": "Nothing is an offence which is done by accident or misfortune, and without any criminal intention or knowledge in the doing of a lawful act in a lawful manner by lawful means and with proper care and caution."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 4,
    "chapter_title": "general exceptions",
    "Section": 81,
    "section_title": "Act likely to cause harm, but done without criminal intent, and to prevent other harm",
    "section_desc": "Nothing is an offence merely by reason of its being done with the knowledge that it is likely to cause harm, if it be done without any criminal intention to cause harm, and in good faith for the purpose of preventing or avoiding other harm to person or property."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 4,
    "chapter_title": "general exceptions",
    "Section": 82,
    "section_title": "Act of a child under seven years of age",
    "section_desc": "Nothing is an offence which is done by a child under seven years of age."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 4,
    "chapter_title": "general exceptions",
    "Section": 83,
    "section_title": "Act of a child above seven and under twelve of immature understanding",
    "section_desc": "Nothing is an offence which is done by a child above seven years of age and under twelve, who has not attained sufficient maturity or understanding to judge the nature and consequences of his conduct on that occasion."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 4,
    "chapter_title": "general exceptions",
    "Section": 84,
    "section_title": "Act of a person of unsound mind",
    "section_desc": "Nothing is an offence which is done by a person who, at the time of doing it, by reason of unsoundness of mind, is incapable of knowing the nature of the act, or that he is doing what is either wrong or contrary to law."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 4,
    "chapter_title": "general exceptions",
    "Section": 85,
    "section_title": "Act of a person incapable of judgment by reason of intoxication caused against his will",
    "section_desc": "Nothing is an offence which is done by a person who, at the time of doing it, is, by reason of intoxication, incapable of knowing the nature of the act, or that he is doing what is either wrong, or contrary to law:\nProvided that the thing which intoxicated him was administered to him without his knowledge or against his will."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 4,
    "chapter_title": "general exceptions",
    "Section": 86,
    "section_title": "Offence requiring a particular intent or knowledge committed by one who is intoxicated",
    "section_desc": "In cases where an act done is not an offence unless done with a particular knowledge or intent, a person who does the act in a state of intoxication shall be liable to be dealt with as if he had the same knowledge as he would have had if he had not been intoxicated, unless the thing which intoxicated him was administered to him without his knowledge or against his will."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 4,
    "chapter_title": "general exceptions",
    "Section": 87,
    "section_title": "Act not intended and not known to be likely to cause death or grievous hurt, done by consent",
    "section_desc": "Nothing which is not intended to cause death, or grievous hurt, and which is not known by the doer to be likely to cause death or grievous hurt, is an offence by reason of any harm which it may cause, or be intended by the doer to cause, to any person, above eighteen years of age, who has given consent, whether express or implied, to suffer that harm;\nOr by reason of any harm which it may be known by the doer to be likely to cause to any such person who has consented to take the risk of that harm."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 4,
    "chapter_title": "general exceptions",
    "Section": 88,
    "section_title": "Act not intended to cause death, done by consent in good faith for person's benefit",
    "section_desc": "Nothing, which is not intended to cause death, is an offence by reason of any harm which it may cause, or be intended by the doer to cause, or be known by the doer to be likely to cause, to any person for whose benefit it is done in good faith, and who has given a consent, whether express or implied to suffer that harm, or to take the risk of that harm."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 4,
    "chapter_title": "general exceptions",
    "Section": 89,
    "section_title": "Act done in good faith for benefit of child or insane person, by or by consent of guardian",
    "section_desc": "Nothing which is done in good faith for the benefit of a person under twelve years of age, or of unsound mind, by or by consent, either express or implied, of the guardian or other person having lawful charge of that person, is an offence by reason of any harm which it may cause, or be intended by the doer to cause or be known by the doer to be likely to cause to that person; Provided:"
  },
  {
    "chapter": 4,
    "chapter_title": "general exceptions",
    "Section": 90,
    "section_title": "Consent known to be given under fear or misconception",
    "section_desc": "A consent is not such a consent as is intended by any section of this Code, if the consent is given by a person under fear of injury, or under a misconception of fact, and if the person doing the act knows, or has reason to believe, that the consent was given in consequence of such fear or misconception; or\nConsent of insane person if the consent is given by a person who, from unsoundness of mind, or intoxication, is unable to understand the nature and consequence of that to which he gives his consent; or\nConsent of child unless the contrary appears from the context, if the consent is given by a person who is under twelve years of age."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 4,
    "chapter_title": "general exceptions",
    "Section": 91,
    "section_title": "Exclusion of acts which are offences independently of harm cause",
    "section_desc": "The exceptions in sections 87, 88 and 89 do not extend to acts which are offences independently of any harm which they may cause, or be intended to cause, or be known to be likely to cause, to the person giving the consent, or on whose behalf the consent is given."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 4,
    "chapter_title": "general exceptions",
    "Section": 92,
    "section_title": "Act done in good faith for benefit of a person without consent",
    "section_desc": "Nothing is an offence by reason of any harm which it may causes to a person for whose benefit it is done in good faith, even without that person’s consent, if the circumstances are such that it is impossible for that person to signify consent, or if that person is incapable of giving consent, and has no guardian or other person in lawful charge of him from whom it is possible to obtain consent in time for the thing to be done with benefit;"
  },
  {
    "chapter": 4,
    "chapter_title": "general exceptions",
    "Section": 93,
    "section_title": "Communication made in good faith",
    "section_desc": "No communication made in good faith is an offence by reason of any harm to the person to whom it is made, if it is made for the benefit of that person."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 4,
    "chapter_title": "general exceptions",
    "Section": 94,
    "section_title": "Act to which a person is compelled by threats",
    "section_desc": "Except murder, and offences against the State punishable with death, nothing is an offence which is done by a person who is compelled to do it by threats, which, at the time of doing it, reasonably cause the apprehension that instant death to that person will otherwise be the consequence;"
  },
  {
    "chapter": 4,
    "chapter_title": "general exceptions",
    "Section": 95,
    "section_title": "Act causing slight harm",
    "section_desc": "Nothing is an offence by reason that it causes, or that it is intended to cause, or that it is known to be likely to cause, any harm, if that harm is so slight that no person of ordinary sense and temper would complain of such harm."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 4,
    "chapter_title": "general exceptions",
    "Section": 96,
    "section_title": "Things done in private defence",
    "section_desc": "Nothing is an offence which is done in the exercise of the right of private defence."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 4,
    "chapter_title": "general exceptions",
    "Section": 97,
    "section_title": "Right of private defence of the body and of property",
    "section_desc": "Every person has a right, subject to the restrictions contained in section 99, to defend: His own body, and the body of any other person, against any offence affecting the human body;\nThe property, whether movable or immovable, of himself or of any other person, against any act which is an offence falling under the definition of theft, robbery, mischief or criminal trespass, or which is an attempt to commit theft, robbery, mischief or criminal trespass."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 4,
    "chapter_title": "general exceptions",
    "Section": 98,
    "section_title": "Right of private defence against the act of a person of unsound mind, etc.",
    "section_desc": "When an act which would otherwise be a certain offence, is not that offence, by reason of the youth, the want of maturity of understanding, the unsoundness of mind or the intoxication of the person doing that act, or by reason of any misconception on the part of that person, every person has the same right of private defence against that act which he would have if the act were that offence."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 4,
    "chapter_title": "general exceptions",
    "Section": 99,
    "section_title": "Acts against which there is no right of private defence",
    "section_desc": "There is no right of private defence against an act which does not reasonably cause the apprehension of death or of grievous hurt, if done, or attempted to be done, by a public servant acting in good faith under colour of his office, though that act may not be strictly justifiable by law."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 4,
    "chapter_title": "general exceptions",
    "Section": 100,
    "section_title": "When the right of private defence of the body extends to causing death",
    "section_desc": "The right of private defence of the body extends, under the restrictions mentioned in the last preceding section, to the voluntary causing of death or of any other harm to the assailant, if the offence which occasions the exercise of the right be of any of the descriptions hereinafter enumerated, namely:"
  },
  {
    "chapter": 4,
    "chapter_title": "general exceptions",
    "Section": 101,
    "section_title": "When such right extends to causing any harm other than death",
    "section_desc": "If the offence be not of any of the descriptions enumerated in the last preceding section, the right of private defence of the body does not extend to the voluntary causing of death to the assailant, but does extend, under the restrictions mentioned in section 99, to the voluntary causing to the assailant of any harm other than death."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 4,
    "chapter_title": "general exceptions",
    "Section": 102,
    "section_title": "Commencement and continuance of the right of private defence of the body",
    "section_desc": "The right of private defence of the body commences as soon as a reasonable apprehension of danger to the body arises from an attempt or threat to commit the offence though the offence may not have been committed; and it continues as long as such apprehension of danger to the body continues."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 4,
    "chapter_title": "general exceptions",
    "Section": 103,
    "section_title": "When the right of private defence of property extends to causing death",
    "section_desc": "The right of private defence of property extends, under the restrictions mentioned in section 99, to the voluntary causing of death or of any other harm to the wrong-doer, if the offence, the committing of which, or the attempting to commit which, occasions the exercise of the right, be an offence of any of the descriptions hereinafter enumerated, namely:"
  },
  {
    "chapter": 4,
    "chapter_title": "general exceptions",
    "Section": 104,
    "section_title": "When such right to causing any harm other than death",
    "section_desc": "If the offence, the committing of which, or the attempting to commit which occasions the exercise of the right of private defence, be theft, mischief, or criminal trespass, not of any of the descriptions enumerated in the last preceding section, that right does not extend to the voluntary causing of death, but does extend, subject to the restrictions mentioned in section 99, to the voluntary causing to the wrong-doer of any harm other than death."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 4,
    "chapter_title": "general exceptions",
    "Section": 105,
    "section_title": "Commencement and continuance of the right of private defence of property",
    "section_desc": "The right of private defence of property commences when a reasonable apprehension of danger to the property commences."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 4,
    "chapter_title": "general exceptions",
    "Section": 106,
    "section_title": "Right of private defence against deadly assault when there is risk of harm to innocent person",
    "section_desc": "If in the exercise of the right of private defence against an assault which reasonably causes the apprehension of death, the defender be so situated that he cannot effectually exercise that right without risk of harm to an innocent person, his right of private defence extends to the running of that risk."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 5,
    "chapter_title": "abetment",
    "Section": 107,
    "section_title": "Abetment of a thing",
    "section_desc": "A person abets the doing of a thing, who: Instigates any person to do that thing; or\nEngages with one or more other person or persons in any conspiracy for the doing of that thing, if an act or illegal omission takes place in pursuance of that conspiracy, and in order to the doing of that thing; or\nIntentionally aids, by any act or illegal omission, the doing of that thing."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 5,
    "chapter_title": "abetment",
    "Section": 108,
    "section_title": "Abettor",
    "section_desc": "A person abets an offence, who abets either the commission of an offence, or the commission of an act which would be an offence, if committed by a person capable by law of committing an offence with the same intention or knowledge as that of the abettor."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 5,
    "chapter_title": "abetment",
    "Section": "108A",
    "section_title": "Abetment in India of offences outside India",
    "section_desc": "A person abets an offence within the meaning of this Code who, in India, abets the commission of any act without and beyond India which would constitute an offence if committed in India."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 5,
    "chapter_title": "abetment",
    "Section": 109,
    "section_title": "Punishment of abetment if the act abetted is committed in consequence and where no express provision is made for its punishment",
    "section_desc": "Whoever abets any offence shall, if the act abetted is committed in consequence of the abetment, and no express provision is made by this Code for the punishment of such abetment, be punished with the punishment provided for the offence."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 5,
    "chapter_title": "abetment",
    "Section": 110,
    "section_title": "Punishment of abetment if person abetted does act with different intention from that of abettor",
    "section_desc": "Whoever abets the commission of an offence shall, if the person abetted does the act with a different intention or knowledge from that of the abettor, be punished with the punishment provided for the offence which would have been committed if the act had been done with the intention or knowledge of the abettor and with no other."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 5,
    "chapter_title": "abetment",
    "Section": 111,
    "section_title": "Liability of abettor when one act abetted and different act done",
    "section_desc": "When an Act is abetted and a different act is done, the abettor is liable for the act done, in the same manner and to the same extent as if he had directly abetted it."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 5,
    "chapter_title": "abetment",
    "Section": 112,
    "section_title": "Abettor when liable to cumulative punishment for act abetted and for act done",
    "section_desc": "If the act for which the abettor is liable under the last preceding section is committed in addition to the act abetted, and constitute a distinct offence, the abettor is liable to punishment for each of the offences."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 5,
    "chapter_title": "abetment",
    "Section": 113,
    "section_title": "Liability of abettor for an effect caused by the act abetted different from that intended by the abettor",
    "section_desc": "When an act is abetted with the intention on the part of the abettor of causing a particular effect, and an act for which the abettor is liable in consequence of the abetment, causes a different effect from that intended by the abettor, the abettor is liable for the effect caused, in the same manner and to the same extent as if he had abetted the act with the intention of causing that effect, provided he knew that the act abetted was likely to cause that effect."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 5,
    "chapter_title": "abetment",
    "Section": 114,
    "section_title": "Abettor present when offence is committed",
    "section_desc": "Whenever any person who if absent would be liable to be punished as an abettor, is present when the act or offence for which he would be punishable in consequence of the abetment is committed, he shall be deemed to have committed such act or offence."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 5,
    "chapter_title": "abetment",
    "Section": 115,
    "section_title": "Abetment of offence punishable with death or imprisonment for life if offence not committed",
    "section_desc": "Whoever abets the commission of an offence punishable with death or imprisonment for life, shall, if that offence be not committed in consequence of the abetment, and no express provision is made by this Code for the punishment of such abetment, be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to seven years, and shall also be liable to fine;"
  },
  {
    "chapter": 5,
    "chapter_title": "abetment",
    "Section": 116,
    "section_title": "Abetment of offence punishable with imprisonment -- if offence be not committed",
    "section_desc": "Whoever abets an offence punishable with imprisonment shall, if that offence be not committed in consequence of the abetment, and no express provision is made by this Code for the punishment of such abetment, be punished with imprisonment of any description provided for that offence for a term which may extend to one-fourth part of the longest term provided for that offence;\nor with such fine as is provided for that offence, or with both;"
  },
  {
    "chapter": 5,
    "chapter_title": "abetment",
    "Section": 117,
    "section_title": "Abetting commission of offence by the public or by more than ten persons",
    "section_desc": "Whoever abets the commission of an offence by the public generally or by any number or class of persons exceeding ten, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to three years, or with fine, or with both."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 5,
    "chapter_title": "abetment",
    "Section": 118,
    "section_title": "Concealing design to commit offence punishable with death or imprisonment for life",
    "section_desc": "Whoever intending to facilitate or knowing it to be likely that he will thereby facilitate the commission of an offence punishable with death or imprisonment for life, voluntarily conceals, by any act or illegal omission, the existence of a design to commit such offence or makes any representation which he knows to be false respecting such design:"
  },
  {
    "chapter": 5,
    "chapter_title": "abetment",
    "Section": 119,
    "section_title": "Public servant concealing design to commit offence which it is his duty to prevent",
    "section_desc": "Whoever, being a public servant intending to facilitate or knowing it to be likely that he will thereby facilitate the commission of an offence which it is his duty as such public servant to prevent, voluntarily conceals, by any act or illegal omission, the existence of a design to commit such offence, or makes any representation which he knows to be false respecting such design:"
  },
  {
    "chapter": 5,
    "chapter_title": "abetment",
    "Section": 120,
    "section_title": "Concealing design to commit offence punishable with imprisonment",
    "section_desc": "Whoever, intending to facilitate or knowing it to be likely that he will thereby facilitate the commission of an offence punishable with imprisonment, voluntarily conceals, by any act or illegal omission, the existence of a design to commit such offence, or makes any representation which he knows to be false respecting such design:"
  },
  {
    "chapter": 5,
    "chapter_title": "criminal conspiracy",
    "Section": "120A",
    "section_title": "Definition of criminal conspiracy",
    "section_desc": "When two or more persons agree to do, or cause to be done:\nan illegal act, or\nan act which is not illegal by illegal means, such an agreement is designated a criminal conspiracy;\nProvided that no agreement except an agreement to commit an offence shall amount to a criminal conspiracy unless some act besides the agreement is done by one or more parties to such agreement in pursuance thereof."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 5,
    "chapter_title": "criminal conspiracy",
    "Section": "120B",
    "section_title": "Punishment of criminal conspiracy",
    "section_desc": "Whoever is a party to a criminal conspiracy to commit an offence punishable with death, imprisonment for life or rigorous imprisonment for a term of two years or upwards, shall, where no express provision is made in this Code for the punishment of such a conspiracy, be punished in the same manner as if he had abetted such offence.\nWhoever is a party to a criminal conspiracy other than a criminal conspiracy to commit an offence punishable as aforesaid shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term not exceeding six months, or with fine or with both."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 6,
    "chapter_title": "offences against the state",
    "Section": 121,
    "section_title": "Waging, or attempting to wage war, or abetting waging of war, against the Government of India",
    "section_desc": "Whoever wages war against the Government of India, or attempts to wage such war, or abets the waging of such war, shall be punished with death, or imprisonment for life and shall also be liable to fine."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 6,
    "chapter_title": "offences against the state",
    "Section": "121A",
    "section_title": "Conspiracy to commit offences punishable by section 121",
    "section_desc": "Whoever within or without India conspires to commit any of the offences punishable by section 121, or conspires to overawe, by means of criminal force or the show of criminal force, the Central Government or any State Government, shall be punished with imprisonment for life, or with imprisonment of either description which may extend to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 6,
    "chapter_title": "offences against the state",
    "Section": 122,
    "section_title": "Collecting arms, etc., with intention of waging war against the Government of India",
    "section_desc": "Whoever collects men, arms or ammunition or otherwise prepares to wage war with the intention of either waging or being prepared to wage war against the Government of India, shall be punished with imprisonment for life or imprisonment of either description for a term not exceeding ten years, and shall also be liable to fine."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 6,
    "chapter_title": "offences against the state",
    "Section": 123,
    "section_title": "Concealing with intent to facilitate design to wage war",
    "section_desc": "Whoever, by any act, or by any illegal omission, conceals the existence of a design to wage war against the Government of India, intending by such concealment to facilitate, or knowing it to be likely that such concealment will facilitate, the waging of such war, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 6,
    "chapter_title": "offences against the state",
    "Section": 124,
    "section_title": "Assaulting President, Governor, etc., with intent to compel or restrain the exercise of any lawful power",
    "section_desc": "Whoever, with the intention of inducing or compelling the President of India, or Governor of any State, to exercise or refrain from exercising in any manner any of the lawful powers of such President or Governor, assaults or wrongfully restrains, or attempts wrongfully to restrain, or overawes, by means of criminal force or the show of criminal force, or attempts so to overawe, such President or Governor, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to seven years, and shall also be liable to fine."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 6,
    "chapter_title": "offences against the state",
    "Section": "124A",
    "section_title": "Sedition",
    "section_desc": "Whoever by words, either spoken or written, or by signs, or by visible representation, or otherwise, brings or attempts to bring into hatred or contempt, or excites or attempts to excite disaffection towards, the Government established by law in India, a shall be punished with imprisonment for life, to which fine may be added, or with imprisonment which may extend to three years, to which fine may be added, or with fine."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 6,
    "chapter_title": "offences against the state",
    "Section": 125,
    "section_title": "Waging war against any Asiatic Power in alliance with the Government of India",
    "section_desc": "Whoever wages war against the Government of any Asiatic Power in alliance or at peace with the Government of India or attempts to wage such war, or abets the waging of such war, shall be punished with imprisonment for life, to which fine may be added, or with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to seven years, to which fine may be added, or with fine."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 6,
    "chapter_title": "offences against the state",
    "Section": 126,
    "section_title": "Committing depredation on territories of Power at peace with the Government of India",
    "section_desc": "Whoever commits depredation, or makes preparations to commit depredation, on the territories of any Power in alliance or at peace with the Government of India, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to seven years, and shall also be liable to fine and to forfeiture of any property used or intended to be used in committing such depredation, or acquired by such depredation."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 6,
    "chapter_title": "offences against the state",
    "Section": 127,
    "section_title": "Receiving property taken by war or depredation mentioned in sections 125 and 126",
    "section_desc": "Whoever receives any property knowing the same to have been taken in the commission of any of the offences mentioned in sections 125 and 126, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to seven years, and shall also be liable to fine and to forfeiture of the property so received."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 6,
    "chapter_title": "offences against the state",
    "Section": 128,
    "section_title": "Public servant voluntarily allowing prisoner of state or war to escape",
    "section_desc": "Whoever, being a public servant and having the custody of any State prisoner or prisoner of war, voluntarily allows such prisoner to escape from any place in which such prisoner is confined, shall be punished with imprisonment for life, or imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 6,
    "chapter_title": "offences against the state",
    "Section": 129,
    "section_title": "Public servant negligently suffering such prisoner to escape",
    "section_desc": "Whoever, being a public servant and having the custody of any State prisoner or prisoner of war, negligently suffers such prisoner to escape from any place of confinement in which such prisoner is confined, shall be punished with simple imprisonment for a term which may extend to three years, and shall also be liable to fine."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 6,
    "chapter_title": "offences against the state",
    "Section": 130,
    "section_title": "Aiding escape of, rescuing or harbouring such prisoner",
    "section_desc": "Whoever knowingly aids or assists any State prisoner or prisoner of war in escaping from lawful custody, or rescues or attempts to rescue any such prisoner, or harbours or conceals any such prisoner who has escaped from lawful custody, or offers or attempts to offer any resistance to the recapture of such prisoner shall be punished with imprisonment for life, or with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 7,
    "chapter_title": "offences relating to the army, navy and air force",
    "Section": 131,
    "section_title": "Abetting mutiny, or attempting to seduce a soldier, sailor or airman from his duty",
    "section_desc": "Whoever abets the committing of mutiny by an officer, soldier, sailor or airman, in the Army, Navy or Air Force of the Government of India or attempts to seduce any such officer, soldier, sailor or airman from his allegiance or his duty, shall be punished with imprisonment for life, or with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 7,
    "chapter_title": "offences relating to the army, navy and air force",
    "Section": 132,
    "section_title": "Abetment of mutiny, if mutiny is committed in consequence thereof",
    "section_desc": "Whoever abets the committing of mutiny by an officer, soldier, sailor or airman, in the Army, Navy or Air Force of the Government of India, shall, if mutiny be committed in consequence of that abetment, be punished with death or with imprisonment for life, or imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 7,
    "chapter_title": "offences relating to the army, navy and air force",
    "Section": 133,
    "section_title": "Abetment of assault by soldier, sailor or airman on his superior officer, when in execution of his office",
    "section_desc": "Whoever abets an assault by an officer, soldier, sailor or airman, in the Army, Navy or Air Force of the Government of India, on any superior officer being in the execution of his office, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to three years, and shall also be liable to fine."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 7,
    "chapter_title": "offences relating to the army, navy and air force",
    "Section": 134,
    "section_title": "Abetment of such assault, if the assault committed",
    "section_desc": "Whoever abets an assault by an officer, soldier, sailor or airman, in the Army, Navy or Air Force of the Government of India, on any superior officer being in the execution of his office, shall, if such assault be committed in consequence of that abetment be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to seven years, and shall also be liable to fine."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 7,
    "chapter_title": "offences relating to the army, navy and air force",
    "Section": 135,
    "section_title": "Abetment of desertion of soldier, sailor or airman",
    "section_desc": "Whoever, abets the desertion of any officer, soldier, sailor or airman, in the Army, Navy or Air Force of the Government of India, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to two years, or with fine, or with both."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 7,
    "chapter_title": "offences relating to the army, navy and air force",
    "Section": 136,
    "section_title": "Harbouring deserter",
    "section_desc": "Whoever, except as hereinafter excepted, knowing or having reason to believe that an officer, soldier, sailor or airman, in the Army, Navy or Air Force of the Government of India, has deserted, harbours such officer, soldier, sailor or airman, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to two years, or with fine or with both."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 7,
    "chapter_title": "offences relating to the army, navy and air force",
    "Section": 137,
    "section_title": "Deserter concealed on board merchant vessel through negligence of master",
    "section_desc": "The master or person in charge of a merchant vessel, on board of which any deserter from the Army, Navy or Air Force of the Government of India is concealed, shall, though ignorant of such concealment, be liable to a penalty not exceeding five hundred rupees, if he might have known of such concealment but for some neglect of his duty as such master or person in charge, or but for some want of discipline on board of the vessel."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 7,
    "chapter_title": "offences relating to the army, navy and air force",
    "Section": 138,
    "section_title": "Abetment of act of insubordination by soldier, sailor or airman",
    "section_desc": "Whoever abets what he knows to be an act of insubordination by an officer, soldier, sailor or airman, in the Army, Navy or air Force, of the Government of India, shall, if such act of insubordination be committed in consequence of that abetment, be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to six months, or with fine, or with both."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 7,
    "chapter_title": "offences relating to the army, navy and air force",
    "Section": "138A",
    "section_title": "Application of foregoing sections to the Indian Marine Service.",
    "section_desc": "Repealed by the Amending Act, 1934 (35 of 1934), S. 2 and Sch."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 7,
    "chapter_title": "offences relating to the army, navy and air force",
    "Section": 139,
    "section_title": "Persons subject to certain Acts",
    "section_desc": "No person subject to the Army Act, the Army Act, 1950 (46 of 1950), the Naval Discipline Act, the Indian Navy (Discipline) Act, 1934 (34 of 1934), the Air Force Act or the Air Force Act, 1950 (45 of 1950), is subject to punishment under this Code for any of the offences defined in this Chapter."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 7,
    "chapter_title": "offences relating to the army, navy and air force",
    "Section": 140,
    "section_title": "Wearing garb or carrying token used by soldier, sailor or airman",
    "section_desc": "Whoever, not being a soldier, sailor or airman in the Military, Naval or Air service of the Government of India, wears any garb or carries any token resembling any garb or token used by such a soldier, sailor or airman with the intention that it may be believed that he is such a soldier, sailor or airman, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to three months, or with fine which may extend to five hundred rupees, or with both."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 8,
    "chapter_title": "offences against the public tranquillity",
    "Section": 141,
    "section_title": "Unlawful assembly",
    "section_desc": "An assembly of five or more persons is designated an “unlawful assembly”, if the common object of the persons composing that assembly is:"
  },
  {
    "chapter": 8,
    "chapter_title": "offences against the public tranquillity",
    "Section": 142,
    "section_title": "Being member of unlawful assembly",
    "section_desc": "Whoever, being aware of facts which render any assembly an unlawful assembly, intentionally joins that assembly, or continues in it, is said to be a member of an unlawful assembly."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 8,
    "chapter_title": "offences against the public tranquillity",
    "Section": 143,
    "section_title": "Punishment",
    "section_desc": "Whoever is a member of an unlawful assembly, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to six months, or with fine, or with both."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 8,
    "chapter_title": "offences against the public tranquillity",
    "Section": 144,
    "section_title": "Joining unlawful assembly armed with deadly weapon",
    "section_desc": "Whoever, being armed with any deadly weapon, or with anything which, used as a weapon of offence, is likely to cause death, is a member of an unlawful assembly, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to two years, or with fine, or with both."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 8,
    "chapter_title": "offences against the public tranquillity",
    "Section": 145,
    "section_title": "Joining or continuing in unlawful assembly, knowing it has been commanded to disperse",
    "section_desc": "Whoever joins or continues in an unlawful assembly, knowing that such unlawful assembly has been commanded in the manner prescribed by law to disperse, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extent to two years, or with fine, or with both."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 8,
    "chapter_title": "offences against the public tranquillity",
    "Section": 146,
    "section_title": "Rioting",
    "section_desc": "Whenever force or violence is used by an unlawful assembly, or by any member thereof, in prosecution of the common object of such assembly, every member of such assembly is guilty of the offence of rioting."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 8,
    "chapter_title": "offences against the public tranquillity",
    "Section": 147,
    "section_title": "Punishment for rioting",
    "section_desc": "Whoever is guilty of rioting, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to two years, or with fine, or with both."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 8,
    "chapter_title": "offences against the public tranquillity",
    "Section": 148,
    "section_title": "Rioting, armed with deadly weapon",
    "section_desc": "Whoever is guilty of rioting, being armed with a deadly weapon or with anything which, used as a weapon of offence, is likely to cause death, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to three years, or with fine, or with both."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 8,
    "chapter_title": "offences against the public tranquillity",
    "Section": 149,
    "section_title": "Every member of unlawful assembly guilty of offence committed in prosecution of common object",
    "section_desc": "If an offence is committed by any member of an unlawful assembly in prosecution of the common object of that assembly, or such as the members of that assembly knew to be likely to be committed in prosecution of that object, every person who, at the time of the committing of that offence, is a member of the same assembly, is guilty of that offence."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 8,
    "chapter_title": "offences against the public tranquillity",
    "Section": 150,
    "section_title": "Hiring, or conniving at hiring, of persons to join unlawful assembly",
    "section_desc": "Whoever hires or engages, or employees, or promotes, or connives at the hiring, engagement or employment of any person to join or become a member of any unlawful assembly, shall be punishable as a member of such unlawful assembly, and for any offence which may be committed by any such person as a member of such unlawful assembly in pursuance of such hiring, engagement or employment, in the same manner as if he had been a member of such unlawful assembly, or himself had committed such offence."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 8,
    "chapter_title": "offences against the public tranquillity",
    "Section": 151,
    "section_title": "Knowingly joining or continuing in assembly of five or more persons after it has been commanded to disperse",
    "section_desc": "Whoever knowingly joins or continues in any assembly of five or more persons likely to cause a disturbance of the public peace, after such assembly has been lawfully commanded to disperse, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to six months, or with fine, or with both."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 8,
    "chapter_title": "offences against the public tranquillity",
    "Section": 152,
    "section_title": "Assaulting or obstructing public servant when suppressing riot, etc.",
    "section_desc": "Whoever assaults or threatens to assault, or obstructs or attempts to obstruct, any public servant in the discharge of his duty as such public servant, in endeavouring to disperse an unlawful assembly, or to suppress a riot or affray, or uses, or threatens, or attempts to use criminal force to such public servant, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to three years, or with fine, or with both."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 8,
    "chapter_title": "offences against the public tranquillity",
    "Section": 153,
    "section_title": "Wantonly giving provocation with intent to cause riot",
    "section_desc": "Whoever malignantly, or wantonly by doing anything which is illegal, gives provocation to any person intending or knowing it to be likely that such provocation will cause the offence of rioting to be committed, shall, if the offence of rioting be committed in consequence of such provocation, be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to one year, or with fine, or with both, and if the offence of rioting be not committed, with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to six months, or with fine, or with both."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 8,
    "chapter_title": "offences against the public tranquillity",
    "Section": "153A",
    "section_title": "Promoting enmity between different groups on ground of religion, race, place of birth, residence, language, etc., and doing acts prejudicial to maintenance of harmony",
    "section_desc": "Whoever\nby words, either spoken or written, or by signs or by visible representations or otherwise, promotes or attempts to promote, on grounds of religion, race, place of birth, residence, language, caste or community or any other ground whatsoever, disharmony or feelings of enmity, hatred or ill-will between different religious, racial, language or regional groups or castes or communities, or\ncommits any act which is prejudicial to the maintenance of harmony between different religious, racial, language or regional groups or castes or communities, and which disturbs or is likely to disturb the public tranquillity, or\norganizes any exercise, movement, drill or other similar activity intending that the participants in such activity shall use or be trained to use criminal force or violence or knowing it to be likely that the participants in such activity will use or be trained to use criminal force or violence, or participates in such activity intending to use or be trained to use criminal force or violence or knowing it to be likely that the participants in such activity will use or be trained to use criminal force or violence, against any religious, racial, language or regional group or caste or community and such activity for any reason whatsoever causes or is likely to cause fear or alarm or a feeling of insecurity amongst members of such religious, racial, language or regional group or caste or community, shall be punished with imprisonment which may extend to three years, or with fine, or with both.\nOffence committed in place of worship, etc   Whoever commits an offence specified in sub-section (1) in any place of worship or in any assembly engaged in the performance of religious worship or religious ceremonies, shall be punished with imprisonment which may extend to five years and shall also be liable to fine."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 8,
    "chapter_title": "offences against the public tranquillity",
    "Section": "153AA",
    "section_title": "Punishment for knowingly carrying arms in any procession or organising or holding or taking part in any mass drill or mass training with arms",
    "section_desc": "Whoever knowingly carries arms in any procession or organizes or holds or takes part in any mass drill or mass training with arms in any public place in contravention of any public notice or order issued or made under section 144A of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 shall be punished with imprisonment for a term which may extend to six months and with fine which may extend to two thousand rupees."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 8,
    "chapter_title": "offences against the public tranquillity",
    "Section": "153B",
    "section_title": "Imputations, assertions prejudicial to national integration",
    "section_desc": "Whoever, by words either spoken or written or by signs or by visible representations or otherwise:\nmakes or publishes any imputation that any class of persons cannot, by reason of their being members of any religious, racial, language or regional group or caste or community, bear true faith and allegiance to the Constitution of India as by law established or uphold the sovereignty and integrity of India, or\nasserts, counsels, advises, propagates or publishes that any class of persons by reason of their being members of any religious, racial, language or regional group or caste or community be denied, or deprived of their rights as citizens of India, or\nmakes or publishes and assertion, counsel, plea or appeal concerning the obligation of any class of persons, by reason of their being members of any religious, racial, language or regional group or caste or community, and such assertion, counsel, plea or appeal causes or is likely to cause disharmony or feelings of enmity or hatred or ill-will between such members and other persons, shall be punished with imprisonment which may extend to three years, or with fine, or with both.\nWhoever commits an offence specified in sub-section (1), in any place of worship or in any assembly engaged in the performance of religious worship or religious ceremonies, shall be punished with imprisonment which may extend to five years and shall also be liable to fine."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 8,
    "chapter_title": "offences against the public tranquillity",
    "Section": 154,
    "section_title": "Owner or occupier of land on which an unlawful assembly is held",
    "section_desc": "Whenever any unlawful assembly or riot takes place, the owner or occupier of the land upon which such unlawful assembly is held, or such riot is committed, and any person having or claiming an interest in such land, shall be punishable with fine not exceeding one thousand rupees, if he or his agent or manager, knowing that such offence is being or has been committed, or having reason to believe it is likely to be committed, do not give the earliest notice thereof in his or their power to the principal officer at the nearest police-station, and do not, in the case of his or their having reason to believe that it was about to be committed, use all lawful means in his or their power to prevent it and, in the event of its taking place, do not use all lawful means in his or their power to disperse or suppress the riot or unlawful assembly."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 8,
    "chapter_title": "offences against the public tranquillity",
    "Section": 155,
    "section_title": "Liability of person for whose benefit riot is committed",
    "section_desc": "Whenever a riot is committed for the benefit or on behalf of any person who is the owner or occupier of any land respecting which such riot takes place or who claims any interest in such land, or in the subject of any dispute which gave rise to the riot, or who has accepted or derived any benefit therefrom, such person shall be punishable with fine, if he or his agent or manager, having reason to believe that such riot was likely to be committed or that the unlawful assembly by which such riot was committed was likely to be held, shall not respectively use all lawful means in his or their power to prevent such assembly or riot from taking place, and for suppressing and dispersing the same."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 8,
    "chapter_title": "offences against the public tranquillity",
    "Section": 156,
    "section_title": "Liability of agent of owner or occupier for whose benefit riot is committed",
    "section_desc": "Whenever a riot is committed for the benefit or on behalf of any person who is the owner or occupier of any land respecting which such riot takes place, or who claims any interest in such land, or in the subject of any dispute which gave rise to the riot, or who has accepted or derived any benefit therefrom, the agent or manager of such person shall be punishable with fine, if such agent or manager, having reason to believe that such riot was likely to be committed, or that the unlawful assembly by which such riot was committed was likely to be held, shall not use all lawful means in his power to prevent such riot or assembly from taking place and for suppressing and dispersing the same."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 8,
    "chapter_title": "offences against the public tranquillity",
    "Section": 157,
    "section_title": "Harbouring persons hired for an unlawful assembly",
    "section_desc": "Whoever harbours, receives or assembles, in any house or premises in his occupation or charge, or under his control any persons knowing that such persons have been hired, engaged or employed, or are about to be hired, engaged or employed, to join or become members of an unlawful assembly, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to six months, or with fine, or with both."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 8,
    "chapter_title": "offences against the public tranquillity",
    "Section": 158,
    "section_title": "Being hired to take part in an unlawful assembly or riot",
    "section_desc": "Whoever is engaged, or hired, or offers or attempts to be hired or engaged, to do or assist in doing any of the acts specified in section 141, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to six months, or with fine, or with both."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 8,
    "chapter_title": "offences against the public tranquillity",
    "Section": 159,
    "section_title": "Affray",
    "section_desc": "When two or more persons, by fighting in a public place, disturb the public peace, they are said to “commit an affray”."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 8,
    "chapter_title": "offences against the public tranquillity",
    "Section": 160,
    "section_title": "Punishment for committing affray",
    "section_desc": "Whoever commits an affray, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to one month, or with fine which may extend to one hundred rupees, or with both."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 9,
    "chapter_title": "offences by or relating to public servants",
    "Section": 161,
    "section_title": "Rep. by the Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988",
    "section_desc": "Repealed by the Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988 (49 of 1988), S. 31."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 9,
    "chapter_title": "offences by or relating to public servants",
    "Section": 162,
    "section_title": "Rep. by the Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988",
    "section_desc": "Repealed by the Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988 (49 of 1988), S. 31."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 9,
    "chapter_title": "offences by or relating to public servants",
    "Section": 163,
    "section_title": "Rep. by the Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988",
    "section_desc": "Repealed by the Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988 (49 of 1988), S. 31."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 9,
    "chapter_title": "offences by or relating to public servants",
    "Section": 164,
    "section_title": "Rep. by the Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988",
    "section_desc": "Repealed by the Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988 (49 of 1988), S. 31."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 9,
    "chapter_title": "offences by or relating to public servants",
    "Section": 165,
    "section_title": "Rep. by the Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988",
    "section_desc": "Repealed by the Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988 (49 of 1988), S. 31."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 9,
    "chapter_title": "offences by or relating to public servants",
    "Section": "165A",
    "section_title": "Rep. by the Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988",
    "section_desc": "Rep. by the Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988 (49 of 1988), S. 31."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 9,
    "chapter_title": "offences by or relating to public servants",
    "Section": 166,
    "section_title": "Public servant disobeying law, with intent to cause injury to any person",
    "section_desc": "Whoever, being a public servant, knowingly disobeys any direction of the law as to the way in which he is to conduct himself as such public servant, intending to cause, or knowing it to be likely that he will, by such disobedience, cause injury to any person, shall be punished with simple imprisonment for a term which may extend to one year, or with fine, or with both."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 9,
    "chapter_title": "offences by or relating to public servants",
    "Section": "166A",
    "section_title": "Public Servant disobeying direction under Law",
    "section_desc": "Whoever, being a public servant : knowingly disobeys any direction of the law which prohibits him from requiring the attendance at any place of any person for the purpose of investigation into an offence or any other, or knowingly disobeys, to the prejudice of any person, any other direction of the law regulating the manner in which he shall conduct such investigation, or\nfails to record any information given to him under sub-section (1) of section 154 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973, in relation to cognizable offence punishable under section 326A, section 326B, section 354, section 354B, section 370, section 370A, section 376, section 376A, section 376AB, section 376B, section 376C, section 376D, section 376DA, section 376DB, section 376E or section 509,\nshall be punished with rigorous imprisonment for a term which shall not be less than six months but which may extend to two years, and shall also be liable to fine."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 9,
    "chapter_title": "offences by or relating to public servants",
    "Section": "166B",
    "section_title": "Punishment for non treatment of victim",
    "section_desc": "Whoever, being in charge of a hospital, public or private, whether run by the Central Government, the State Government, local bodies or any other person, contravenes the provisions of section1 357C of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973, shall be punished with imprisonment for a term which may extend to one year or with fine or with both."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 9,
    "chapter_title": "offences by or relating to public servants",
    "Section": 167,
    "section_title": "Public servant framing an incorrect document with intent to cause injury",
    "section_desc": "Whoever, being a public servant, and being, as such public servant, charged with the preparation or translation of any document or electronic record, frames or translates that document in a manner which he knows or believes to be incorrect, intending thereby to cause or knowing it to be likely that he may thereby cause injury to any person, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to three years, or with fine, or with both."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 9,
    "chapter_title": "offences by or relating to public servants",
    "Section": 168,
    "section_title": "Public servant unlawfully engaging in trade",
    "section_desc": "Whoever, being a public servant, and being legally bound as such public servant not to engages in trade, engages in trade, shall be punished with simple imprisonment for a term which may extend to one year, or with fine, or with both."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 9,
    "chapter_title": "offences by or relating to public servants",
    "Section": 169,
    "section_title": "Public servant unlawfully buying or bidding for property",
    "section_desc": "Whoever, being a public servant, and being legally bound as such public servant, not to purchase or bid for certain property, purchases or bids for that property, either in his own name or in the name of another, or jointly, or in shares with others, shall be punished with simple imprisonment for a term which may extend to two years, or with fine, or with both; and the property, if purchased, shall be confiscated."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 9,
    "chapter_title": "offences by or relating to public servants",
    "Section": 170,
    "section_title": "Personating a public servant",
    "section_desc": "Whoever pretends to hold any particular office as public servant, knowing that he does not hold such office or falsely personates any other person holding such office, and in such assumed character does or attempts to do any act under colour of such office, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to two years, or with fine, or with both."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 9,
    "chapter_title": "offences by or relating to public servants",
    "Section": 171,
    "section_title": "Wearing garb or carrying token used by public servant with fraudulent intent",
    "section_desc": "Whoever, not belonging, to a certain class of public servants, wears any garb or carries any token resembling any garb or token used by that class of public servants, with the intention that it may be believed, or with the knowledge that it is likely to be believed, that he belongs to that class of public servants, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to three months, or with fine which may extend to two hundred rupees, or with both."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 9,
    "chapter_title": "offences relating to elections",
    "Section": "171A",
    "section_title": "Candidate ,  Electoral right  defined",
    "section_desc": "“candidate” means a person who has been nominated as a candidate at any election;\n“electoral right” means the right of a person to stand, or not to stand as, or to withdraw from being, a candidate or to vote or refrain from voting at an election."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 9,
    "chapter_title": "offences relating to elections",
    "Section": "171B",
    "section_title": "Bribery",
    "section_desc": "Whoever:\ngives a gratification to any person with the object of inducing him or any other person to exercise any electoral right or of rewarding any person for having exercised any such right; or\naccepts either for himself or for any other person any gratification as a reward for exercising any such right or for inducing or attempting to induce any other person to exercise any such right, commits the offence of bribery; Provided that a declaration of public policy or a promise of public action shall not be an offence under this section.\nA person who offers, or agrees to give, or offers or attempts to procure, a gratification shall be deemed to give a gratification.\nA person who obtains or agrees to accept or attempts to obtain a gratification shall be deemed to accept a gratification, and a person who accepts a gratification as a motive for doing what he does not intend to do, or as a reward for doing what he has not done, shall be deemed to have accepted the gratification as a reward."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 9,
    "chapter_title": "offences relating to elections",
    "Section": "171C",
    "section_title": "Undue influence at elections",
    "section_desc": "Whoever voluntarily interferes or attempts to interfere with the free exercise of any electoral right commits the offence of undue influence at an election.\nWithout prejudice to the generality of the provisions of sub-section (1), whoever\nthreatens any candidate or voter, or any person in whom a candidate or voter is interested, with injury of any kind, or\ninduces or attempts to induce a candidate or voter to believe that he or any person in whom he is interested will become or will be rendered an object of Divine displeasure or of spiritual censure, shall be deemed to interfere with the free exercise of the electoral right of such candidate or voter, within the meaning of sub-section (1).\nA declaration of public policy or a promise of public action, or the mere exercise or a legal right without intent to interfere with an electoral right, shall not be deemed to be interference within the meaning of this section."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 9,
    "chapter_title": "offences relating to elections",
    "Section": "171D",
    "section_title": "Personation at elections",
    "section_desc": "Whoever at an election applies for a voting paper on votes in the name of any other person, whether living or dead, or in a fictitious name, or who having voted once at such election applies at the same election for a voting paper in his own name, and whoever abets, procures or attempts to procure the voting by any person in any such way, commits the offence of personation at an election."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 9,
    "chapter_title": "offences relating to elections",
    "Section": "171E",
    "section_title": "Punishment for bribery",
    "section_desc": "Whoever commits the offence of bribery shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to one year, or with fine, or with both;"
  },
  {
    "chapter": 9,
    "chapter_title": "offences relating to elections",
    "Section": "171F",
    "section_title": "Punishment for undue influence or personation at an election",
    "section_desc": "Whoever commits the offence of undue influence or personation at an election shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to one year or with fine, or with both."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 9,
    "chapter_title": "offences relating to elections",
    "Section": "171G",
    "section_title": "False statement in connection with an election",
    "section_desc": "Whoever with intent to affect the result of an election makes or publishes any statement purporting to be a statement of fact which is false and which he either knows or believes to be false or does not believe to be true, in relation to the personal character or conduct of any candidate shall be punished with fine."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 9,
    "chapter_title": "offences relating to elections",
    "Section": "171H",
    "section_title": "Illegal payments in connection with an election",
    "section_desc": "Whoever without the general or special authority in writing of a candidate incurs or authorizes expenses on account of the holding of any public meeting, or upon any advertisement, circular or publication, or in any other way whatsoever for the purpose of promoting or procuring the election of such candidate, shall be punished with fine which may extend to five hundred rupees;"
  },
  {
    "chapter": 9,
    "chapter_title": "offences relating to elections",
    "Section": "171I",
    "section_title": "Failure to keep election accounts",
    "section_desc": "Whoever being required by any law for the time being in force or any rule having the force of law to keep accounts of expenses incurred at or in connection with an election fails to keep such accounts shall be punished with fine which may extend to five hundred rupees."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 10,
    "chapter_title": "contempt's  the lawful authority  public servants",
    "Section": 172,
    "section_title": "Absconding to avoid service of summons or other proceeding",
    "section_desc": "Whoever absconds in order to avoid being served with a summons, notice or order proceeding from any public servant legally competent, as such public servant, to issue such summons, notice or order, shall be punished with simple imprisonment for a term which may extend to one month, or with fine which may extend to five hundred rupees, or with both; or, if the summons or notice or order is to attend in person or by agent, or to produce a document or electronic record in a Court of Justice, with simple imprisonment for a term which may extend to six months, or with fine which may extend to one thousand rupees, or with both."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 10,
    "chapter_title": "contempt's  the lawful authority  public servants",
    "Section": 173,
    "section_title": "Preventing service of summons or other proceeding, or preventing publication thereof",
    "section_desc": "Whoever in any manner intentionally prevents the serving on himself, or on any other person, of any summons, notice or order proceeding from any public servant legally competent, such public servant, to issue such summons, notice or order,\nOr intentionally prevents the lawful affixing to any place of any such summons, notice or order,\nOr intentionally removes any such summons, notice or order from any place to which it is lawfully affixed,\nOr intentionally prevents the lawful making of any proclamation, under the authority of any public servant legally competent, as such public servant, to direct such proclamation to be made,\nShall be punished with simple imprisonment for a term which may extend to one month, or with fine which may extend to five hundred rupees, or with both;\nOr, if the summons, notice, order or proclamation is to attend in person or by agent, or to produce a document or electronic record in a Court of Justice, with simple imprisonment for a term which may extend to six months, or with fine which may extend to one thousand rupees, or with both."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 10,
    "chapter_title": "contempt's  the lawful authority  public servants",
    "Section": 174,
    "section_title": "Non-attendance in obedience to an order from public servant",
    "section_desc": "Whoever, being legally bound to attend in person or by an agent at a certain place and time in obedience to a summons, notice, order, or proclamation proceeding from any public servant legally competent, as such public servant, to issue the same, intentionally omits to attend at that place or time, or departs from the place where he is bound to attend before the time at which it is lawful for him to depart, shall be punished with simple imprisonment for a term which may extend to one month, or with fine which may extend to five hundred rupees, or with both;"
  },
  {
    "chapter": 10,
    "chapter_title": "contempt's  the lawful authority  public servants",
    "Section": "174A",
    "section_title": "Non-appearance in response to a proclamation under section 82 of Act 2 of 1974",
    "section_desc": "Whoever fails to appear at the specified place and the specified time as required by a proclamation published under sub‑section (1) of section 82 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973, shall be punished with imprisonment for a term which may extend to three years or with fine or with both, and where a declaration has been made under sub‑section (4) of that section pronouncing him as a proclaimed offender, he shall be punished with imprisonment for a term which may extend to seven years and shall also be liable to fine."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 10,
    "chapter_title": "contempt's  the lawful authority  public servants",
    "Section": 175,
    "section_title": "Omission to produce document to public servant by person legally bound to produce it",
    "section_desc": "Whoever, being legally bound to produce or deliver up any document or electronic record to any public servant, as such, intentionally omits so to produce or deliver up the same, shall be punished with simple imprisonment for a term which may extend to one month, or with fine which may extend to five hundred rupees, or with both;"
  },
  {
    "chapter": 10,
    "chapter_title": "contempt's  the lawful authority  public servants",
    "Section": 176,
    "section_title": "Omission to give notice or information to public servant by person legally bound to give it",
    "section_desc": "Whoever, being legally bound to give any notice or to furnish information on any subject to any public servant, as such, intentionally omits to give such notice or to furnish such information in the manner and at the time required by law, shall be punished with simple imprisonment for a term which may extend to one month, or with fine which may extend to five hundred rupees, or with both;"
  },
  {
    "chapter": 10,
    "chapter_title": "contempt's  the lawful authority  public servants",
    "Section": 177,
    "section_title": "Furnishing false information",
    "section_desc": "Whoever, being legally bound to furnish information on any subject to any public servant, as such, furnishes, as true, information on the subject which he knows or has reason to believe to be false shall be punished with simple imprisonment for a term which may extend to six months, or with fine which may extend to one thousand rupees, or with both;"
  },
  {
    "chapter": 10,
    "chapter_title": "contempt's  the lawful authority  public servants",
    "Section": 178,
    "section_title": "Refusing oath or affirmation when duly required by public servant to make it",
    "section_desc": "Whoever refuses to bind himself by an oath or affirmation to state the truth, when required so to bind himself by a public servant legally competent to require that he shall so bind himself, shall be punished with simple imprisonment for a term which may extend to six months, or with fine which may extend to one thousand rupees, or with both."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 10,
    "chapter_title": "contempt's  the lawful authority  public servants",
    "Section": 179,
    "section_title": "Refusing to answer public servant authorized to question",
    "section_desc": "Whoever, being legally bound to state the truth on any subject to any public servant, refuses to answer any question demanded of him touching that subject by such public servant in the exercise of the legal powers of such public servant, shall be punished with simple imprisonment for a term which may extend to six months, or with fine which may extend to one thousand rupees, or with both."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 10,
    "chapter_title": "contempt's  the lawful authority  public servants",
    "Section": 180,
    "section_title": "Refusing to sign statement",
    "section_desc": "Whoever refuses to sign any statement made by him, when required to sign that statement by a public servant legally competent to require that he shall sign that statement, shall be punished with simple imprisonment for a term which may extend to three months, or with fine which may extend to five hundred rupees, or with both."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 10,
    "chapter_title": "contempt's  the lawful authority  public servants",
    "Section": 181,
    "section_title": "False statement on oath or affirmation to public servant or person authorized to administer an oath or affirmation",
    "section_desc": "Whoever, being legally bound by an oath or affirmation to state the truth on any subject to any public servant or other person authorized by law to administer such oath or affirmation, makes, to such public servant or other person as aforesaid, touching that subject, any statement which is false, and which he either knows or believes to be false or does not believe to be true, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to three years, and shall also be liable to fine."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 10,
    "chapter_title": "contempt's  the lawful authority  public servants",
    "Section": 182,
    "section_title": "False information, with intent to cause public servant to use his lawful power to the injury of another person",
    "section_desc": "Whoever gives to any public servant any information which he knows or believes to be false, intending thereby to cause, or knowing it to be likely that he will thereby cause such public servant:"
  },
  {
    "chapter": 10,
    "chapter_title": "contempt's  the lawful authority  public servants",
    "Section": 183,
    "section_title": "Resistance to the taking of property by the lawful authority of a public servant",
    "section_desc": "Whoever offers any resistance to the taking of any property by the lawful authority of any public servant, knowing or having reason to believe that he is such public servant, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to six months, or with fine which may extend to one thousand rupees, or with both."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 10,
    "chapter_title": "contempt's  the lawful authority  public servants",
    "Section": 184,
    "section_title": "Obstructing sale of property offered for sale by authority of public servant",
    "section_desc": "Whoever intentionally obstructs any sale of property offered for sale by the lawful authority of any public servant, as such, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to one month, or with fine which may extend to five hundred rupees, or with both."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 10,
    "chapter_title": "contempt's  the lawful authority  public servants",
    "Section": 185,
    "section_title": "Illegal purchase or bid for property offered for sale by authority of public servant",
    "section_desc": "Whoever, at any sale of property held by the lawful authority of a public servant, as such, purchases or bids for any property on account of any person, whether himself or any other, whom he knows to be under a legal incapacity to purchase that property at that sale, or bids for such property not intending to perform the obligations under which he lays himself by such bidding, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to one month, or with fine which may extend to two hundred rupees, or with both."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 10,
    "chapter_title": "contempt's  the lawful authority  public servants",
    "Section": 186,
    "section_title": "Obstructing public servant in discharge of public functions",
    "section_desc": "Whoever voluntarily obstructs any public servant in the discharge of his public functions, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to three months, or with fine which may extend to five hundred rupees, or with both."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 10,
    "chapter_title": "contempt's  the lawful authority  public servants",
    "Section": 187,
    "section_title": "Omission to assist public servant when bound by law to give assistance",
    "section_desc": "Whoever, being bound by law to render or furnish assistance to any public servant in the execution of his public duty, intentionally omits to give such assistance, shall be punished with simple imprisonment for a term which may extend to one month, or with fine which may extend to two hundred rupees, or with both; and if such assistance be demanded of him by a public servant legally competent to make such demand for the purposes of executing any process lawfully issued by a Court of Justice, or of preventing the commission of an offence, or suppressing a riot, or affray, or of apprehending a person charged with or guilty of an offence, or of having escaped from lawful custody, shall be punished with simple imprisonment for a term which may extend to six months, or with fine which may extend to five hundred rupees, or with both."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 10,
    "chapter_title": "contempt's  the lawful authority  public servants",
    "Section": 188,
    "section_title": "Disobedience to order duly promulgated by public servant",
    "section_desc": "Whoever, knowing that, by an order promulgated by a public servant lawfully empowered to promulgate such order, he is directed to abstain from a certain act, or to take certain order with certain property in his possession or under his management disobeys such direction, shall, if such disobedience causes or tends to cause obstruction, annoyance or injury, or risk of obstruction, annoyance or injury, to any persons lawfully employed, be punished with simple imprisonment for a term which may extend to one month or with fine which may extend to two hundred rupees, or with both;"
  },
  {
    "chapter": 10,
    "chapter_title": "contempt's  the lawful authority  public servants",
    "Section": 189,
    "section_title": "Threat of injury to public servant",
    "section_desc": "Whoever holds out any threat of injury to any public servant, or to any person in whom he believes that public servant to be interested, for the purpose of inducing that public servant to do any act, or to forbear or delay to do any act, connected with the exercise of the public functions of such public servant, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to two years, or with fine, or with both."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 10,
    "chapter_title": "contempt's  the lawful authority  public servants",
    "Section": 190,
    "section_title": "Threat of injury to induce person to refrain from applying for protection to public servant",
    "section_desc": "Whoever holds out any threat of injury to any person for the purpose of inducing that person to refrain or desist from making a legal application for protection against any injury to any public servant legally empowered as such to give such protection, or to cause such protection to be given, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to one year, or with fine, or with both."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 11,
    "chapter_title": "false evidence and offences against public justice",
    "Section": 191,
    "section_title": "Giving false evidence",
    "section_desc": "Whoever, being legally bound by an oath or by an express provision of law to state the truth, or being bound by law to make a declaration upon any subject, makes any statement which is false, and which he either knows or believes to be false or does not believe to be true, is said to give false evidence."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 11,
    "chapter_title": "false evidence and offences against public justice",
    "Section": 192,
    "section_title": "Fabricating false evidence",
    "section_desc": "Whoever causes any circumstance to exist or makes any false entry in any book or record, or makes any false entry in any book or record, or electronic record or makes any document or electronic recording containing a false statement, intending that such circumstance, false entry or false statement may appear in evidence in a judicial proceeding, or in a proceeding taken by law before a public servant as such, or before an arbitrator, and that such circumstance, false entry or false statement, so appearing in evidence, may cause any person who in such proceeding is to form an opinion upon the evidence, to entertain an erroneous opinion touching any point material to the result of such proceeding is said “to fabricate false evidence”."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 11,
    "chapter_title": "false evidence and offences against public justice",
    "Section": 193,
    "section_title": "Punishment for false evidence",
    "section_desc": "Whoever intentionally gives false evidence in any of a judicial proceeding, or fabricates false evidence for the purpose of being used in any stage of a judicial proceeding, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to seven years, and shall also be liable to fine; and whoever intentionally gives or fabricates false evidence in any other case, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to three years, and shall also be liable to fine."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 11,
    "chapter_title": "false evidence and offences against public justice",
    "Section": 194,
    "section_title": "Giving or fabricating false evidence with intent to procure conviction of capital offence",
    "section_desc": "Whoever gives or fabricates false evidence, intending thereby to cause, or knowing it to be likely that he will thereby cause, any person to be convicted of an offence which is capital by the laws for the time being in force in India shall be punished with imprisonment for life, or with rigorous imprisonment for a term which may extend to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine;"
  },
  {
    "chapter": 11,
    "chapter_title": "false evidence and offences against public justice",
    "Section": 195,
    "section_title": "Giving or fabricating false evidence with intent to procure conviction of an offence punishable with imprisonment for life or with imprisonment for 7 Years or upwards",
    "section_desc": "Whoever gives or fabricates false evidence intending thereby to cause, or knowing it to be likely that he will thereby cause, any person to be convicted of an offence which by the law for the time being in force in India is not capital, but punishable with imprisonment for life, or imprisonment for a term of seven years or upwards, shall be punished as a person convicted of that offence would be liable to be punished."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 11,
    "chapter_title": "false evidence and offences against public justice",
    "Section": "195A",
    "section_title": "Threatening any person to give false evidence",
    "section_desc": "Whoever threatens another with any injury to his person, reputation or property or to the person or reputation of any one in whom that person is interested, with intent to cause that person to give false evidence shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to seven years, or with fine, or with both; and if innocent person is convicted and sentenced in consequence of such false evidence, with death or imprisonment for more than seven years, the person who threatens shall be punished with the same punishment and sentenced in the same manner and to the same extent as such innocent person is punished and sentenced."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 11,
    "chapter_title": "false evidence and offences against public justice",
    "Section": 196,
    "section_title": "Using evidence known to be false",
    "section_desc": "Whoever corruptly uses or attempts to use as true or genuine evidence any evidence which he knows to be false or fabricated, shall be punished in the same manner as if he gave or fabricated false evidence."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 11,
    "chapter_title": "false evidence and offences against public justice",
    "Section": 197,
    "section_title": "Issuing or signing false certificate",
    "section_desc": "Whoever issues or signs any certificate required by law to be given or signed, or relating to any fact of which such certificate is by law admissible in evidence, knowing or believing that such certificate is false in any material point, shall be punished in the same manner as if he gave false evidence."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 11,
    "chapter_title": "false evidence and offences against public justice",
    "Section": 198,
    "section_title": "Using as true a certificate known to be false",
    "section_desc": "Whoever corruptly uses or attempts to use any such certificate as a true certificate, knowing the same to be false in any material point, shall be punished in the same manner as if he gave false evidence."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 11,
    "chapter_title": "false evidence and offences against public justice",
    "Section": 199,
    "section_title": "False statement made in declaration which is by law receivable as evidence",
    "section_desc": "Whoever, in any declaration made or subscribed by him, which declaration any Court of Justice, or any public servant or other person, is bound or authorized by law to receive as evidence of any fact, makes any statement which is false, and which he either knows or believes to be false or does not believe to be true, touching any point material to the object for which the declaration is made or used, shall be punished in the same manner as if he gave false evidence."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 11,
    "chapter_title": "false evidence and offences against public justice",
    "Section": 200,
    "section_title": "Using as true such declaration knowing it to be false",
    "section_desc": "Whoever corruptly uses or attempts to use as true any such declaration, knowing the same to be false in any material point, shall be punished in the same manner as if he gave false evidence."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 11,
    "chapter_title": "false evidence and offences against public justice",
    "Section": 201,
    "section_title": "Causing disappearance of evidence of offence, or giving false information to screen offender",
    "section_desc": "Whoever, knowing or having reason to believe that an offence has been committed, causes any evidence of the commission of that offence to disappear, with the intention of screening the offender from legal punishment, or with that intention gives any information respecting the offence which he knows or believes to be false;"
  },
  {
    "chapter": 11,
    "chapter_title": "false evidence and offences against public justice",
    "Section": 202,
    "section_title": "Intentional omission to give information of offence by person bound to inform",
    "section_desc": "Whoever, knowing or having reason to believe that an offence has been committed, intentionally omits to give any information respecting that offence which he is legally bound to give, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to six months, or with fine, or with both."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 11,
    "chapter_title": "false evidence and offences against public justice",
    "Section": 203,
    "section_title": "Giving false information respecting an offence committed",
    "section_desc": "Whoever, knowing or having reason to believe that an offence has been committed, gives any information respecting that offence which he knows or believes to be false, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to two years, or with fine, or with both."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 11,
    "chapter_title": "false evidence and offences against public justice",
    "Section": 204,
    "section_title": "Destruction of document to prevent its production as evidence",
    "section_desc": "Whoever secrets or destroys any document or electronic record which he may be lawfully compelled to produce as evidence in a Court of Justice, or in any proceeding lawfully held before a public servant, as such, or obliterates or renders illegible the whole or any part of such document or electronic record with the intention of preventing the same from being produced or used as evidence before such Court or public servant as aforesaid, or after he shall have been lawfully summoned or required to produce the same for that purpose, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to two years, or with fine, or with both."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 11,
    "chapter_title": "false evidence and offences against public justice",
    "Section": 205,
    "section_title": "False personation for purpose of act or proceeding in suit or prosecution",
    "section_desc": "Whoever falsely personates another, and in such assumed character makes any admission or statement, or confesses judgment, or causes any process to be issued or becomes bail or security, or does any other act in any suit or criminal prosecution, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to three years, or with fine, or with both."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 11,
    "chapter_title": "false evidence and offences against public justice",
    "Section": 206,
    "section_title": "Fraudulent removal or concealment of property to prevent its seizure as forfeited or in execution",
    "section_desc": "Whoever fraudulently removes, conceals, transfers or delivers to any person any property or any interest therein, intending thereby to prevent that property or interest therein from being taken as a forfeiture or in satisfaction of a fine, under a sentence which has been pronounced, or which he knows to be likely to be pronounced, by a Court of Justice or other competent authority, or from being taken in execution of a decree or order which has been made, or which he knows to be likely to be made by a Court of Justice in a civil suit, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to two years, or with fine, or with both."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 11,
    "chapter_title": "false evidence and offences against public justice",
    "Section": 207,
    "section_title": "Fraudulent claim to property to prevent its seizure as forfeited or in execution",
    "section_desc": "Whoever fraudulently accepts, receives or claims any property or any interest therein, knowing that he has no right or rightful claim to such property or interest, or practices any deception touching any right to any property or any interest therein, intending thereby to prevent that property or interest therein from being taken as a forfeiture or in satisfaction of a fine, under a sentence which has been pronounced, or which he knows to be likely to be pronounced by a Court of Justice or other competent authority, or from being taken in execution of a decree or order which has been made, or which he knows to be likely to be made by a Court of Justice in a civil suit, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to two years, or with fine, or with both."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 11,
    "chapter_title": "false evidence and offences against public justice",
    "Section": 208,
    "section_title": "Fraudulently suffering decree for sum not due",
    "section_desc": "Whoever fraudulently causes or suffers a decree or order to be passed against him at the suit of any person for a sum not due or for a larger sum than is due to such person or for any property or interest in property to which such person is not entitled, or fraudulently causes or suffers a decree or order to be executed against him after it has been falsified, or for anything in respect of which it has been satisfied, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to two years, or with fine, or with both."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 11,
    "chapter_title": "false evidence and offences against public justice",
    "Section": 209,
    "section_title": "Dishonesty making false claim in Court",
    "section_desc": "Whoever fraudulently or dishonestly, or with intent to injure or annoy any person, makes in a Court of Justice any claim which he knows to be false, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to two years, and shall also be liable to fine."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 11,
    "chapter_title": "false evidence and offences against public justice",
    "Section": 210,
    "section_title": "Fraudulently obtaining decree for sum not due",
    "section_desc": "Whoever fraudulently obtains a decree or order against any person for a sum not due, or for a larger sum than is due or for any property or interest in property to which he is not entitled, or fraudulently causes a decree or order to be executed against any person after it has been satisfied or for anything in respect of which it has been satisfied, or fraudulently suffers or permits any such act to be done in his name, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to two years, or with fine, or with both."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 11,
    "chapter_title": "false evidence and offences against public justice",
    "Section": 211,
    "section_title": "False charge of offence made with intent to injure",
    "section_desc": "Whoever, with intent to cause injury to any person, institutes or causes to be instituted any criminal proceeding against that person, or falsely charges any person with having committed an offence, knowing that there is no just or lawful ground for such proceeding or charge against that person, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to two years, or with fine, or with both;"
  },
  {
    "chapter": 11,
    "chapter_title": "false evidence and offences against public justice",
    "Section": 212,
    "section_title": "Harbouring offender",
    "section_desc": "Whenever an offence has been committed, whoever harbours or conceals a person whom he knows or has reason to believe to be the offender, with the intention of screening him from legal punishment;"
  },
  {
    "chapter": 11,
    "chapter_title": "false evidence and offences against public justice",
    "Section": 213,
    "section_title": "Taking gift, etc., to screen an offender from punishment",
    "section_desc": "Whoever accepts or attempts to obtain, or agrees to accept, any gratification for himself or any other person, or any restitution of property to himself or any other person, in consideration of his concealing an offence or of his screening any person from legal punishment for any offence, or of his not proceeding against any person for the purpose of bringing him to legal punishment;"
  },
  {
    "chapter": 11,
    "chapter_title": "false evidence and offences against public justice",
    "Section": 214,
    "section_title": "Offering gift or restoration of property in consideration of screening offender",
    "section_desc": "Whoever gives or causes, or offers or agrees to give or cause, any gratification to any person, or restores or causes the restoration of any property to any person, in consideration of that person’s concealing an offence, or of his screening any person from legal punishment for any offence, or of his not proceeding against any person for the purpose of bringing him to legal punishment;"
  },
  {
    "chapter": 11,
    "chapter_title": "false evidence and offences against public justice",
    "Section": 215,
    "section_title": "Taking gift to help to recover stolen property, etc",
    "section_desc": "Whoever takes or agrees or consents to take any gratification under pretence or on account of helping any person to recover any movable property of which he shall have been deprived by any offence punishable under this Code, shall, unless he uses all means in his power to cause the offender to be apprehended and convicted of the offence, be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to two years, or with fine, or with both."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 11,
    "chapter_title": "false evidence and offences against public justice",
    "Section": 216,
    "section_title": "Harbouring offender who has escaped from custody or whose apprehension has been ordered",
    "section_desc": "Whenever any person convicted of or charged with an offence, being in lawful custody for that offence, escapes from such custody, or whenever a public servant, in the exercise of the lawful powers of such public servant, orders a certain person to be apprehended for an offence, whoever, knowing of such escape or order for apprehension, harbours or conceals that person with the intention of preventing him from being apprehended, shall be punished in the manner following, that is to say:"
  },
  {
    "chapter": 11,
    "chapter_title": "false evidence and offences against public justice",
    "Section": "216A",
    "section_title": "Penalty for harbouring robbers or dacoits",
    "section_desc": "Whoever, knowing or having reason to believe that any persons are about to commit or have recently committed robbery or dacoity, harbours them or any of them, with the intention of facilitating the commission of such robbery or dacoity or of screening them or any of them from punishment, shall be punished with rigorous imprisonment for a term which may extend to seven years, and shall also be liable to fine."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 11,
    "chapter_title": "false evidence and offences against public justice",
    "Section": "216B",
    "section_title": "Definition of  harbour  in sections 212, 216 and 216A.",
    "section_desc": "Repealed by the Indian Penal Code (Amendment) Act, 1942 (8 of 1942), S. 3."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 11,
    "chapter_title": "false evidence and offences against public justice",
    "Section": 217,
    "section_title": "Public servant disobeying direction of law with intent to save person from punishment or property from forfeiture",
    "section_desc": "Whoever, being a public servant, knowingly disobeys any direction of the law as to the way in which he is to conduct himself as such public servant, intending thereby to save, or knowing it to be likely that he will thereby save, any person from legal punishment, or subject him to a less punishment than that to which he is liable, or with intent to save, or knowing that he is likely thereby to save, any property from forfeiture or any charge to which it is liable by law, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to two years, or with fine, or with both."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 11,
    "chapter_title": "false evidence and offences against public justice",
    "Section": 218,
    "section_title": "Public servant framing incorrect record or writing with intent to save person from punishment or property from forfeiture",
    "section_desc": "Whoever, being a public servant, and being as such public servant, charged with the preparation of any record or other writing, frames that record or writing in a manner which he knows to be incorrect, with intent to cause, or knowing it to be likely that he will thereby cause, loss or injury to the public or to any person, or with intent thereby to save, or knowing it to be likely that he will thereby save, any person from legal punishment, or with intent to save, or knowing that he is likely thereby to save, any property from forfeiture or other charge to which it is liable by law, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to three years, or with fine, or with both."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 11,
    "chapter_title": "false evidence and offences against public justice",
    "Section": 219,
    "section_title": "Public servant in judicial proceeding corruptly making report, etc., contrary to law",
    "section_desc": "Whoever, being a public servant, corruptly or maliciously makes or pronounces in any stage of a judicial proceeding, any report, order, verdict, or decision which he knows to be contrary to law, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to seven years, or with fine, or with both."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 11,
    "chapter_title": "false evidence and offences against public justice",
    "Section": 220,
    "section_title": "Commitment for trial or confinement by person having authority who knows that he is acting contrary to law",
    "section_desc": "Whoever, being in any office which gives him legal authority to commit persons for trial or to confinement, or to keep persons in confinement, corruptly or maliciously commits any person for trial or to confinement, or keeps any person in confinement, in the exercise of that authority, knowing that in so doing he is acting contrary to law, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to seven years, or with fine, or with both."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 11,
    "chapter_title": "false evidence and offences against public justice",
    "Section": 221,
    "section_title": "Intentional omission to apprehend on the part of public servant bound to apprehend",
    "section_desc": "Whoever, being a pubic servant, legally bound as such public servant to apprehend or to keep in confinement any person charged with or liable to be apprehended for an offence, intentionally omits to apprehend such person, or intentionally suffers such person to escape, or intentionally aids such person in escaping or attempting to escape from such confinement, shall be punished as follows, that is to say:"
  },
  {
    "chapter": 11,
    "chapter_title": "false evidence and offences against public justice",
    "Section": 222,
    "section_title": "Intentional omission to apprehend on the part of public servant bound to apprehend person under sentence or lawfully committed",
    "section_desc": "Whoever, being a public servant, legally bound as such public servant to apprehend or to keep in confinement any person under sentence of a Court of Justice for any offence or lawfully committed to custody, intentionally omits to apprehend such person, or intentionally suffers such person to escape or intentionally aids such person in escaping or attempting to escape from such confinement, shall be punished as follows, that is to say:"
  },
  {
    "chapter": 11,
    "chapter_title": "false evidence and offences against public justice",
    "Section": 223,
    "section_title": "Escape from confinement or custody negligently suffered by public servant",
    "section_desc": "Whoever, being a public servant legally bound as such public servant to keep in confinement any person charged with or convicted of any offence or lawfully committed to custody, negligently suffers such person to escape from confinement, shall be punished with simple imprisonment for a term which may extend to two years, or with fine, or with both."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 11,
    "chapter_title": "false evidence and offences against public justice",
    "Section": 224,
    "section_title": "Resistance or obstruction by a person to his lawful apprehension",
    "section_desc": "Whoever intentionally offers any resistance or illegal obstruction to the lawful apprehension of himself for any offence with which he is charged or of which he has been convicted, or escapes or attempts to escape from any custody in which he is lawfully detained for any such offence, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to two years, or with fine, or with both."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 11,
    "chapter_title": "false evidence and offences against public justice",
    "Section": 225,
    "section_title": "Resistance or obstruction to lawful apprehension of another person",
    "section_desc": "Whoever intentionally offers any resistance or illegal obstruction to the lawful apprehension of any other person for an offence, or rescues or attempts to rescue any other person from any custody in which that person is lawfully detained for an offence, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to two years, or with fine, or with both;"
  },
  {
    "chapter": 11,
    "chapter_title": "false evidence and offences against public justice",
    "Section": "225A",
    "section_title": "Omission to apprehend, or sufferance of escape, on part of public servant, in cases not otherwise, provided for",
    "section_desc": "Whoever, being a public servant legally bound as such public servant to apprehend, or to keep in confinement, any person in any case not provided for in section 221, section 222 or section 223, or in any other law for the time being in force, omits to apprehend that person or suffers him to escape from confinement, shall be punished:"
  },
  {
    "chapter": 11,
    "chapter_title": "false evidence and offences against public justice",
    "Section": "225B",
    "section_title": "Resistance or obstruction to lawful apprehension, or escape or rescue in cases not otherwise provided for",
    "section_desc": "Whoever, in any case not provided for in section 224 or section 225 or in any other law for the time being in force, intentionally offers any resistance or illegal obstruction to the lawful apprehension of himself or of any other person, or escapes or attempts to escape from any custody in which he is lawfully detained, or rescues or attempts to rescue any other person from any custody in which that person is lawfully detained, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to six months, or with fine, or with both."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 11,
    "chapter_title": "false evidence and offences against public justice",
    "Section": 226,
    "section_title": "Unlawful return from transportation.",
    "section_desc": "Repealed by the Code of Criminal Procedure (Amendment) Act, 1955 (26 of 1955), S. 117 and Sch."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 11,
    "chapter_title": "false evidence and offences against public justice",
    "Section": 227,
    "section_title": "Violation of condition of remission of punishment",
    "section_desc": "Whoever, having accepted any conditional remission of punishment, knowingly violates any condition on which such remission was granted, shall be punished with the punishment to which he was originally sentenced, if he has already suffered no part of that punishment, and if he has suffered any part of that punishment, then with so much of that punishment as he has not already suffered."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 11,
    "chapter_title": "false evidence and offences against public justice",
    "Section": 228,
    "section_title": "Intentional insult or interruption to public servant sitting in judicial proceeding",
    "section_desc": "Whoever intentionally offers any insult, or causes any interruption to any public servant, while such public servant is sitting in any stage of a judicial proceeding, shall be punished with simple imprisonment for a term which may extend to six months, or with fine which may extend to one thousand rupees, or with both."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 11,
    "chapter_title": "false evidence and offences against public justice",
    "Section": "228A",
    "section_title": "Disclosure of identity of the victim of certain offences, etc",
    "section_desc": "Provided that no such authorisation shall be given by the next-of-kin to anybody other than the chairman or the secretary, by whatever name called, of any recognised welfare institution or organisation."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 11,
    "chapter_title": "false evidence and offences against public justice",
    "Section": 229,
    "section_title": "Personation of a juror or assessor",
    "section_desc": "Whoever, by personation or otherwise, shall intentionally cause, or knowingly suffer himself to be returned, empanelled or sworn as a juryman or assessor in any case in which he knows that he is not entitled by law to be so returned, empanelled or sworn, or knowing himself to have been so returned, empanelled or sworn contrary to law, shall voluntarily serve on such jury or as such assessor, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to two years, or with fine, or with both."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 11,
    "chapter_title": "false evidence and offences against public justice",
    "Section": "229A",
    "section_title": "Failure by person released on bail or bond to appear in Court",
    "section_desc": "Whoever, having been charged with an offence and released on bail or on bond without sureties, fails without sufficient cause (the burden of proving which shall lie upon him), to appear in Court in accordance with the terms of the bail or bond, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to one year, or with fine, or with both."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 12,
    "chapter_title": "offences relating to coin and government stamps",
    "Section": 230,
    "section_title": "Coin  defined",
    "section_desc": "Coin   Coin is metal used for the time being as money, and stamped and issued by the authority of some State or Sovereign Power in order to be so used."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 12,
    "chapter_title": "offences relating to coin and government stamps",
    "Section": 231,
    "section_title": "Counterfeiting coin",
    "section_desc": "Whoever counterfeits or knowingly performs any part of the process of counterfeiting coin, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to seven years, and shall also be liable to fine."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 12,
    "chapter_title": "offences relating to coin and government stamps",
    "Section": 232,
    "section_title": "Counterfeiting Indian coin",
    "section_desc": "Whoever counterfeits, or knowingly performs any part of the process of counterfeiting Indian coin, shall be punished with imprisonment for life, or with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 12,
    "chapter_title": "offences relating to coin and government stamps",
    "Section": 233,
    "section_title": "Making or selling instrument for counterfeiting coin",
    "section_desc": "Whoever makes or mends, or performs any part of the process of making or mending, or buys, sells or disposes of, any die or instrument, for the purpose of being used, or knowing or having reason to believe that it is intended to be used, for the purpose of counterfeiting coin, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extended to three years, and shall also be liable to fine."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 12,
    "chapter_title": "offences relating to coin and government stamps",
    "Section": 234,
    "section_title": "Making or selling instrument for counterfeiting Indian coin",
    "section_desc": "Whoever makes or mends, or performs any part of the process of making or mending or buys, sells or disposes of, any die or instrument, for the purpose of being used, or knowing or having reason to believe that it is intended to be used, for the purpose of counterfeiting Indian coin, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to seven years, and shall also be liable to fine."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 12,
    "chapter_title": "offences relating to coin and government stamps",
    "Section": 235,
    "section_title": "Possession of instrument or material for the purpose of using the same for counterfeiting coin",
    "section_desc": "Whoever is in possession of any instrument or material, for the purpose of using the same for counterfeiting coin, or knowing or having reason to believe that the same is intended to be used for that purpose, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to three years, and shall also be liable to fine;"
  },
  {
    "chapter": 12,
    "chapter_title": "offences relating to coin and government stamps",
    "Section": 236,
    "section_title": "Abetting in India the counterfeiting out of India of coin",
    "section_desc": "Whoever, being within India abets the counterfeiting of coin out of India shall be punished in the same manner as if he abetted the counterfeiting of such coin within India."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 12,
    "chapter_title": "offences relating to coin and government stamps",
    "Section": 237,
    "section_title": "Import or export of counterfeit coin",
    "section_desc": "Whoever imports into India, or exports therefrom, any counterfeit coin, knowingly or having reason to believe that the same is counterfeit, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to three years, and shall also be liable to fine."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 12,
    "chapter_title": "offences relating to coin and government stamps",
    "Section": 238,
    "section_title": "Import or export of counterfeits of the Indian coin",
    "section_desc": "Whoever imports into India, or exports there from, any counterfeit coin, which he knows or has reason to believe to be a counterfeit of Indian coin, shall be punished with Imprisonment for life, or with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 12,
    "chapter_title": "offences relating to coin and government stamps",
    "Section": 239,
    "section_title": "Delivery of coin possessed with knowledge that it is counterfeit",
    "section_desc": "Whoever, having any counterfeit coin, which at the time when he became possessed of it, he knew to be counterfeit, fraudulently or with intent that fraud may be committed, delivers the same to any persons or attempts to induce any person to receive it, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to five years, and shall also be liable to fine."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 12,
    "chapter_title": "offences relating to coin and government stamps",
    "Section": 240,
    "section_title": "Delivery of Indian coin, possessed with knowledge that it is counterfeit",
    "section_desc": "Whoever having any counterfeit coin, which is a counterfeit of Indian coin, and which, at the time when he became possessed of it, he knew to be a counterfeit of Indian coin, fraudulently or with intent that fraud may be committed, delivers the same to any person, or attempts to induce any person to receive it, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 12,
    "chapter_title": "offences relating to coin and government stamps",
    "Section": 241,
    "section_title": "Delivery of coin as genuine, which, when first possessed, the deliverer did not know to be counterfeit",
    "section_desc": "Whoever delivers to any other person as genuine, or attempts to induce any other person to receive as genuine, any counterfeit coin which he knows to be counterfeit, but which he did not know to be counterfeit at the time when he took it into his possession, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to two years, or with fine to an amount which may extend to ten times the value of the coin counterfeited, or with both."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 12,
    "chapter_title": "offences relating to coin and government stamps",
    "Section": 242,
    "section_title": "Possession of counterfeit coin by person who knew it to be counterfeit when he became possessed thereof",
    "section_desc": "Whoever, fraudulently or with intent that fraud may be committed, is in possession of counterfeit coin, having known at the time when he became possessed thereof that such coin was counterfeit, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to three years, and shall also be liable to fine."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 12,
    "chapter_title": "offences relating to coin and government stamps",
    "Section": 243,
    "section_title": "Possession of Indian coin by person who knew it to be counterfeit when he became possessed thereof",
    "section_desc": "Whoever, fraudulently or with intent that fraud may be committed, is in possession of counterfeit coin, which is a counterfeit of Indian coin, having known at the time when he became possessed of it that it was counterfeit, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to seven years, and shall also be liable to fine."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 12,
    "chapter_title": "offences relating to coin and government stamps",
    "Section": 244,
    "section_title": "Person employed in mint causing coin to be of different weight or composition from that fixed by law",
    "section_desc": "Whoever, being employed in any mint lawfully established in India, does any act, or omits what he is legally bound to do, with the intention of causing any coin issued from that mint to be of a different weight or composition from the weight or composition fixed by law, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to seven years, and shall also be liable to fine."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 12,
    "chapter_title": "offences relating to coin and government stamps",
    "Section": 245,
    "section_title": "Unlawfully taking coining instrument from mint",
    "section_desc": "Whoever, without lawful authority, takes out of any mint, lawfully established in India, any coining tool or instrument, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to seven years, and shall also be liable to fine."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 12,
    "chapter_title": "offences relating to coin and government stamps",
    "Section": 246,
    "section_title": "Fraudulently or dishonestly diminishing weight or altering composition of coin",
    "section_desc": "Whoever, fraudulently or dishonestly performs on any coin any operation which diminishes the weight or alters the composition of that coin, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to three years, and shall also be liable to fine."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 12,
    "chapter_title": "offences relating to coin and government stamps",
    "Section": 247,
    "section_title": "Fraudulently or dishonestly diminishing weight or altering composition of Indian coin",
    "section_desc": "Whoever fraudulently or dishonestly performs on any Indian coin any operation which diminishes the weight or alters the composition of that coin, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to seven years, and shall also be liable to fine."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 12,
    "chapter_title": "offences relating to coin and government stamps",
    "Section": 248,
    "section_title": "Altering appearance of coin with intent that it shall pass as coin of different description",
    "section_desc": "Whoever performs on any coin any operation which alters the appearance of that coin, with the intention that the said coin shall pass as a coin of a different description, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to three years, and shall also be liable to fine."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 12,
    "chapter_title": "offences relating to coin and government stamps",
    "Section": 249,
    "section_title": "Altering appearance of Indian coin with intent that it shall pass as coin of different description",
    "section_desc": "Whoever performs on any Indian coin any operation which alters the appearance of that coin, with the intention that the said coin shall pass as a coin of a different description, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to seven years, and shall also be liable to fine."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 12,
    "chapter_title": "offences relating to coin and government stamps",
    "Section": 250,
    "section_title": "Delivery of coin possessed with knowledge that it is altered",
    "section_desc": "Whoever, having coin in his possession with respect to which the offence defined in sections 246 or 248 has been committed, and having known at the time when he became possessed of such coin that such offence had been committed with respect to it, fraudulently or with intent that fraud may be committed, delivers such coin to any other person, or attempts to induce any other person to receive the same, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to five years, and shall also be liable to fine."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 12,
    "chapter_title": "offences relating to coin and government stamps",
    "Section": 251,
    "section_title": "Delivery of Indian coin, possessed with knowledge that it is altered",
    "section_desc": "Whoever, having coin in his possession with respect to which the offence defined in sections 247 or 249 has been committed, and having known at the time when he became possessed of such coin that such offence had been committed with respect to it, fraudulently or with intent that fraud may be committed, delivers such coin to any other person, or attempts to induce any other person to receive the same, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 12,
    "chapter_title": "offences relating to coin and government stamps",
    "Section": 252,
    "section_title": "Possession of coin by person who knew it to be altered when he became possessed thereof",
    "section_desc": "Whoever fraudulently or with intent that fraud may be committed, is in possession of coin with respect to which the offence defined in either of the sections 246 or 248 has been committed having known at the time of becoming possessed thereof that such offence had been committed with respect to such coin, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to three years, and shall also be liable to fine."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 12,
    "chapter_title": "offences relating to coin and government stamps",
    "Section": 253,
    "section_title": "Possession of Indian coin by person who knew it to be altered when he became possessed thereof",
    "section_desc": "Whoever fraudulently or with intent that fraud may be committed, is in possession of coin with respect to which the offence defined in either of the sections 247 or 249 has been committed having known at the time of becoming possessed thereof, that such offence had been committed with respect to such coin, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to five years, and shall also be liable to fine."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 12,
    "chapter_title": "offences relating to coin and government stamps",
    "Section": 254,
    "section_title": "Delivery of coin as genuine which, when first possessed, the deliverer did not know to be altered",
    "section_desc": "Whoever delivers to any other person as genuine or as a coin of a different description from what it is, or attempts to induce any person to receive as genuine, or as a different coin from what it is, any coin in respect of which he knows that any such operation as that mentioned in sections 246, 247, 248 or 249 has been performed, but in respect of which he did not, at the time when he took it into his possession, know that such operation had been performed, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to two years or with fine to an amount which may extend to ten times the value of the coin for which the altered coin is passed, or attempted to be passed."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 12,
    "chapter_title": "offences relating to coin and government stamps",
    "Section": 255,
    "section_title": "Counterfeiting Government stamp",
    "section_desc": "Whoever counterfeits, or knowingly performs any part of the process of counterfeiting, any stamp issued by Government for the purpose of revenue shall be punished with imprisonment for life or with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 12,
    "chapter_title": "offences relating to coin and government stamps",
    "Section": 256,
    "section_title": "Having possession of instrument or material for counterfeiting Government stamp",
    "section_desc": "Whoever has in his possession any instrument or material for the purpose of being used, or knowing or having reason to believe that it is intended to be used, for the purpose of counterfeiting any stamp issued by Government for the purpose of revenue, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to seven years, and shall also be liable to fine."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 12,
    "chapter_title": "offences relating to coin and government stamps",
    "Section": 257,
    "section_title": "Making or selling instrument for counterfeiting Government stamp",
    "section_desc": "Whoever makes or performs any part of the process of making, or buys, or sells, or disposes of, any instrument for the purpose of being used, or knowing or having reason to believe that it is intended to be used, for the purpose of counterfeiting any stamp issued by Government for the purpose of revenue, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to seven years, and shall also be liable to fine."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 12,
    "chapter_title": "offences relating to coin and government stamps",
    "Section": 258,
    "section_title": "Sale of counterfeit Government stamp",
    "section_desc": "Whoever sells, or offers for sale, any stamp which he knows or has reason to believe to be a counterfeit of any stamp issued by Government for the purpose of revenue, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to seven years, and shall also be liable to fine."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 12,
    "chapter_title": "offences relating to coin and government stamps",
    "Section": 259,
    "section_title": "Having possession of counterfeit Government stamp",
    "section_desc": "Whoever has in his possession any stamp which he knows to be a counterfeit of any stamp issued by Government for the purpose of revenue, intending to use, or dispose of the same as a genuine stamp, or in order that it may be used as a genuine stamp, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to seven years, and shall also be liable to fine."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 12,
    "chapter_title": "offences relating to coin and government stamps",
    "Section": 260,
    "section_title": "Using as genuine a Government stamp known to be counterfeit",
    "section_desc": "Whoever uses as genuine any stamp, knowing it to be a counterfeit of any stamp issued by Government for the purpose of revenue, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to seven years, or with fine, or with both."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 12,
    "chapter_title": "offences relating to coin and government stamps",
    "Section": 261,
    "section_title": "Effacing writing from substance bearing Government stamp, or removing from document a stamp used for it, with intent to cause loss to Government",
    "section_desc": "Whoever, fraudulently or with intent to cause loss to the Government, removes or effaces from any substance, bearing any stamp issued by Government for the purpose of revenue, any writing or document for which such stamp has been used, or removes from any writing or document a stamp which has been used for such writing or document, in order that such stamp may be used for a different writing or document, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to three years, or with fine, or with both."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 12,
    "chapter_title": "offences relating to coin and government stamps",
    "Section": 262,
    "section_title": "Using Government stamp known to have been before used",
    "section_desc": "Whoever, fraudulently or with intent to cause loss to the Government, uses for any purpose a stamp issued by Government for the purpose of revenue, which he knows to have been before used, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to two years, or with fine, or with both."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 12,
    "chapter_title": "offences relating to coin and government stamps",
    "Section": 263,
    "section_title": "Erasure of mark denoting that stamp has been used",
    "section_desc": "Whoever, fraudulently or with intent to cause loss to Government, erases or removes from a stamp issued by Government for the purpose of revenue, any mark, put or impressed upon such stamp for the purpose of denoting that the same has been used, or knowingly has in his possession or sells or disposes of any such stamp from which such mark has been erased or removed, or sells or disposes of any such stamp which he knows to have been used, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to three years, or with fine, or with both."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 12,
    "chapter_title": "offences relating to coin and government stamps",
    "Section": "263A",
    "section_title": "Prohibition of fictitious stamps",
    "section_desc": "Whoever:\nmakes, knowingly utters, deals in or sells any fictitious stamp, or knowingly uses for any postal purpose any fictitious stamp, or\nhas in his possession, without lawful excuse, any fictitious stamp, or\nmakes or, without lawful excuse, has in his possession any die, plate, instrument or materials for making any fictitious stamp, shall be punished with fine which may extend to two hundred rupees.\nAny such stamp, die, plate, instrument or materials in the possession of any person for making any fictitious stamp may be seized and, if seized shall be forfeited.\nIn this section “fictitious stamp” means any stamp falsely purporting to be issued by Government for the purpose of denoting a rate of postage, or any facsimile or imitation or representation, whether on paper or otherwise, of any stamp issued by Government for that purpose.\nIn this section and also in sections 255 to 263, both inclusive, the word “Government”, when used in connection with, or in reference to, any stamp issued for the purpose of denoting a rate of postage, shall, notwithstanding anything in section 17, be deemed to include the person or persons authorized by law to administer executive Government in any part of India, and also in any part of Her Majesty’s dominions or in any foreign country."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 13,
    "chapter_title": "offences relating to weights and measures",
    "Section": 264,
    "section_title": "Fraudulent use of false instrument for weighing",
    "section_desc": "Whoever, fraudulently uses any instrument for weighing which he knows to be false, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to one year, or with fine, or with both."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 13,
    "chapter_title": "offences relating to weights and measures",
    "Section": 265,
    "section_title": "Fraudulent use of false weight or measure",
    "section_desc": "Whoever, fraudulently uses any false weight or false measure of length or capacity, or fraudulently uses any weight or any measure of length or capacity as a different weight or measure from what it is, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to one year, or with fine, or with both."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 13,
    "chapter_title": "offences relating to weights and measures",
    "Section": 266,
    "section_title": "Being in possession of false weight or measure",
    "section_desc": "Whoever is in possession of any instrument for weighing, or of any weight, or of any measure of length or capacity, which he knows to be false, intending that the same may be fraudulently used, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to one year, or with fine, or with both."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 13,
    "chapter_title": "offences relating to weights and measures",
    "Section": 267,
    "section_title": "Making or selling false weight or measure",
    "section_desc": "Whoever makes, sells or disposes of any instrument for weighing, or any weight, or any measure of length or capacity which he knows to be false, in order that the same may be used as true, or knowing that the same is likely to be used as true, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to one year, or with fine, or with both."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 14,
    "chapter_title": "offences affecting the public health, safety, convenience, decency and morals",
    "Section": 268,
    "section_title": "Public nuisance",
    "section_desc": "A person is guilty of a public nuisance who does any act or is guilty of an illegal omission which causes any common injury, danger or annoyance to the public or to the people in general who dwell or occupy property in the vicinity, or which must necessarily cause injury, obstruction, danger or annoyance to persons who may have occasion to use any public right."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 14,
    "chapter_title": "offences affecting the public health, safety, convenience, decency and morals",
    "Section": 269,
    "section_title": "Negligent act likely to spread infection of disease dangerous to life",
    "section_desc": "Whoever unlawfully or negligently does any act which is, and which he knows or has reason to believe to be, likely to spread the infection of any disease dangerous to life, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to six months, or with fine, or with both."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 14,
    "chapter_title": "offences affecting the public health, safety, convenience, decency and morals",
    "Section": 270,
    "section_title": "Malignant act likely to spread infection of disease dangerous to life",
    "section_desc": "Whoever malignantly does any act which is, and which he knows or has reason to believe to be, likely to spread the infection of any disease dangerous to life, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to two years, or with fine, or with both."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 14,
    "chapter_title": "offences affecting the public health, safety, convenience, decency and morals",
    "Section": 271,
    "section_title": "Disobedience to quarantine rule",
    "section_desc": "Whoever knowingly disobeys any rule made and promulgated by the Government for putting any vessel into a state of quarantine, or for regulating the intercourse of vessels in a state of quarantine with the shore or with other vessels, for regulating the intercourse between places where an infectious disease prevails and other places, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to six months, or with fine, or with both."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 14,
    "chapter_title": "offences affecting the public health, safety, convenience, decency and morals",
    "Section": 272,
    "section_title": "Adulteration of food or drink intended for sale",
    "section_desc": "Whoever adulterates any article of food or drink, so as to make such article noxious as food or drink, intending to sell such article as food or drink, or knowing it to be likely that the same will be sold as food or drink, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to six months, or with fine which may extend to one thousand rupees, or with both."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 14,
    "chapter_title": "offences affecting the public health, safety, convenience, decency and morals",
    "Section": 273,
    "section_title": "Sale of noxious food or drink",
    "section_desc": "Whoever sells, or offers or exposes for sale, as food or drink, any article which has been rendered or has become noxious, or is in a state unfit for food or drink, knowing or having reason to believe that the same is noxious as food or drink, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to six months, or with fine which may extend to one thousand rupees, or with both."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 14,
    "chapter_title": "offences affecting the public health, safety, convenience, decency and morals",
    "Section": 274,
    "section_title": "Adulteration of drugs",
    "section_desc": "Whoever adulterates any drug or medical preparation in such a manner as to lessen the efficacy or change the operation of such drug or medical preparation, or to make it noxious, intending that it shall be sold or used for, or knowing it to be likely that it will be sold or used for, any medicinal purpose, as it had not undergone such adulteration, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to six months, or with fine which may extend to one thousand rupees, or with both."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 14,
    "chapter_title": "offences affecting the public health, safety, convenience, decency and morals",
    "Section": 275,
    "section_title": "Sale of adulterated drugs",
    "section_desc": "Whoever, knowing any drug or medical preparation to have been adulterated in such a manner as to lessen its efficacy, to change its operation, or to render it noxious, sells the same, or offers or exposes it for sale, or issues it from any dispensary for medicinal purposes as unadulterated, or causes it to be used for medicinal purposes by any person not knowing of the adulteration, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to six months, or with fine which may extend to one thousand rupees, or with both."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 14,
    "chapter_title": "offences affecting the public health, safety, convenience, decency and morals",
    "Section": 276,
    "section_title": "Sale of drug as a different drug or preparation",
    "section_desc": "Whoever knowingly sells, or offers or exposes for sale, or issues from a dispensary for medicinal purposes, any drug or medical preparation, as a different drug or medical preparation, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to six months, or with fine which may extend to one thousand rupees, or with both."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 14,
    "chapter_title": "offences affecting the public health, safety, convenience, decency and morals",
    "Section": 277,
    "section_title": "Fouling water of public spring or reservoir",
    "section_desc": "Whoever voluntarily corrupts or fouls the water of any public spring or reservoir, so as to render it less fit for the purpose for which it is ordinarily used, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to three months, or with fine which may extend to five hundred rupees, or with both."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 14,
    "chapter_title": "offences affecting the public health, safety, convenience, decency and morals",
    "Section": 278,
    "section_title": "Making atmosphere noxious to health",
    "section_desc": "Whoever voluntarily vitiates the atmosphere in any place so as to make it noxious to the health of persons in general dwelling or carrying on business in the neighbourhood or passing along a public way, shall be punished with fine which may extend to five hundred rupees."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 14,
    "chapter_title": "offences affecting the public health, safety, convenience, decency and morals",
    "Section": 279,
    "section_title": "Rash driving or riding on a public way",
    "section_desc": "Whoever drives any vehicle, or rides, on any public way in a manner so rash or negligent as to endanger human life, or to be likely to cause hurt or injury to any other person, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to six months, or with fine which may extend to one thousand rupees, or with both."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 14,
    "chapter_title": "offences affecting the public health, safety, convenience, decency and morals",
    "Section": 280,
    "section_title": "Rash navigation of vessel",
    "section_desc": "Whoever navigates any vessel in a manner so rash or negligent to endanger human life, or to be likely to cause hurt or injury to any other person, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to six months, or with fine which may extend to one thousand rupees, or with both."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 14,
    "chapter_title": "offences affecting the public health, safety, convenience, decency and morals",
    "Section": 281,
    "section_title": "Exhibition of false light, mark or buoy",
    "section_desc": "Whoever exhibits any false light, mark or buoy, intending or knowing it to be likely that such exhibition will mislead any navigator, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to seven years, or with fine, or with both."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 14,
    "chapter_title": "offences affecting the public health, safety, convenience, decency and morals",
    "Section": 282,
    "section_title": "Conveying person by water for hire in unsafe or overloaded vessel",
    "section_desc": "Whoever knowingly or negligently conveys, or causes to be conveyed for hire, any person by water in any vessel, when that vessel is in such a state or so loaded as to endanger the life of that person, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to six months, or with fine which may extend to one thousand rupees, or with both."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 14,
    "chapter_title": "offences affecting the public health, safety, convenience, decency and morals",
    "Section": 283,
    "section_title": "Danger or obstruction in public way or line of navigation",
    "section_desc": "Whoever, by doing any act, or by omitting to take order with any property in his possession or under his charge, causes danger, obstruction or injury to any person in any public way or public line of navigation, shall be punished, with fine which may extend to two hundred rupees."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 14,
    "chapter_title": "offences affecting the public health, safety, convenience, decency and morals",
    "Section": 284,
    "section_title": "Negligent conduct with respect to poisonous substance",
    "section_desc": "Whoever does, with any poisonous substance, any act in a manner so rash or negligent as to endanger human life, or to be likely to cause hurt or injury to any person, or knowingly or negligently omits to take such order with any poisonous substance in his possession as is sufficient to guard against probable danger to human life from such poisonous substance, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to six months, or with fine which may extend to one thousand rupees, or with both."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 14,
    "chapter_title": "offences affecting the public health, safety, convenience, decency and morals",
    "Section": 285,
    "section_title": "Negligent conduct with respect to fire or combustible matter",
    "section_desc": "Whoever does, with fire or any combustible matter, any act so rashly or negligently as to endanger human life, or to be likely to cause hurt or injury to any other person, or knowingly or negligently omits to take such order with any fire or any combustible matter in his possession as is sufficient to guard against any probable danger to human life from such fire or combustible matter, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to six months, or with fine which may extend to one thousand rupees, or with both."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 14,
    "chapter_title": "offences affecting the public health, safety, convenience, decency and morals",
    "Section": 286,
    "section_title": "Negligent conduct with respect to explosive substance",
    "section_desc": "Whoever does, with any explosive substance, any act so rashly or negligently as to endanger human life, or to be likely to cause hurt or injury to any other person, or knowingly or negligently omits to take such order with any explosive substance in his possession as is sufficient to guard against any probable danger to human life from that substance, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to six months, or with fine which may extend to one thousand rupees, or with both."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 14,
    "chapter_title": "offences affecting the public health, safety, convenience, decency and morals",
    "Section": 287,
    "section_title": "Negligent conduct with respect to machinery",
    "section_desc": "Whoever does, with any machinery, any act so rashly or negligently as to endanger human life or to be likely to cause hurt or injury to any other person, or knowingly or negligently omits to take such order with any machinery in his possession or under his care as is sufficient to guard against any probable danger to human life from such machinery, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to six months, or with fine which may extend to one thousand rupees, or with both."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 14,
    "chapter_title": "offences affecting the public health, safety, convenience, decency and morals",
    "Section": 288,
    "section_title": "Negligent conduct with respect to pulling down or repairing buildings",
    "section_desc": "Whoever, in pulling down or repairing any building, knowingly or negligently omits to take such order with that building as is sufficient to guard against any probable danger to human life from the fall of that building, or of any part thereof, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to six months, or with fine which may extend to one thousand rupees, or with both."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 14,
    "chapter_title": "offences affecting the public health, safety, convenience, decency and morals",
    "Section": 289,
    "section_title": "Negligent conduct with respect to animal",
    "section_desc": "Whoever knowingly or negligently omits to take such order with any animal in his possession as is sufficient to guard against any probable danger to human life, or any probable danger of grievous hurt from such animal, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to six months, or with fine which may extend to one thousand rupees, or with both."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 14,
    "chapter_title": "offences affecting the public health, safety, convenience, decency and morals",
    "Section": 290,
    "section_title": "Punishment for public nuisance in cases not otherwise provided for",
    "section_desc": "Whoever commits a public nuisance in any case not otherwise punishable by this Code, shall be punished with fine which may extend to two hundred rupees."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 14,
    "chapter_title": "offences affecting the public health, safety, convenience, decency and morals",
    "Section": 291,
    "section_title": "Continuance of nuisance after injunction to discontinue",
    "section_desc": "Whoever repeats or continues a public nuisance, having been enjoined by any public servant who has lawful authority to issue such injunction not to repeat or continue such nuisance, shall be punished with simple imprisonment for a term which may extend to six months, or with fine, or with both."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 14,
    "chapter_title": "offences affecting the public health, safety, convenience, decency and morals",
    "Section": 292,
    "section_title": "Sale, etc., of obscene books, etc.",
    "section_desc": "For the purposes of sub-section (2), a book, pamphlet, paper, writing, drawing, painting representation, figure or any other object, shall be deemed to be obscene if it is lascivious or appeals to the prurient interest or if its effect, or (where it comprises two or more distinct items) the effect of any one of its items, is, if taken as a whole, such as to tend to deprave and corrupt persons who are likely, having regard to all relevant circumstances, to read, see or hear the matter contained or embodied in it.\nWhoever:\nsells, lets to hire, distributes, publicly exhibits or in any manner puts into circulation, or for purposes of sale, hire, distribution, public exhibition or circulation, makes, reduces or has in his possession any obscene book, pamphlet, paper, drawing, painting, representation or figure or any other obscene object whatsoever, or\nimports, exports or conveys any obscene object for any of the purposes aforesaid, or knowing or having reason to believe that such object will be sold, let to hire, distributed or publicly exhibited or in any manner put into circulation, or\ntakes part in or receives profits from any business in the course of which he knows or has reason to believe that any such obscene objects are, for any of the purposes aforesaid, made, produced, purchased, kept, imported, exported, conveyed, publicly exhibited or in any manner put into circulation, or\nadvertises or makes known by any means whatsoever that any person is engaged or is ready to engage in any act which is an offence under this section, or that any such obscene object can be procured from or through any person, or\noffers or attempts to do any act which is an offence under this section, shall be punished on first conviction with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to two years, and with fine which may extend to two thousand rupees, and, in the event of a second or subsequent conviction, with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to five years, and also with fine which may extend to five thousand rupees."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 14,
    "chapter_title": "offences affecting the public health, safety, convenience, decency and morals",
    "Section": 293,
    "section_title": "Sale, etc., of obscene objects to young person",
    "section_desc": "Whoever sells, lets to hire, distributes, exhibits or circulates to any person under the age of twenty years any such obscene object as is referred to in the last preceding section, or offers or attempts so to do, shall be punished on first conviction with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to three years, and with fine which may extend to two thousand rupees, and, in the event of a second or subsequent conviction, with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to seven years, and also with fine which may extend to five thousand rupees."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 14,
    "chapter_title": "offences affecting the public health, safety, convenience, decency and morals",
    "Section": 294,
    "section_title": "Obscene acts and songs",
    "section_desc": "Whoever, to the annoyance of others:\ndoes any obscene act in any public place, or\nsings, recites or utters any obscene song, ballad or words, in or near any public place, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to three months, or with fine, or with both."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 14,
    "chapter_title": "offences affecting the public health, safety, convenience, decency and morals",
    "Section": "294A",
    "section_title": "Keeping lottery office",
    "section_desc": "Whoever keeps any office or place for the purpose of drawing any lottery not being a State lottery or a lottery authorised by the State Government, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to six months, or with fine, or with both."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 15,
    "chapter_title": "offences relating to religion",
    "Section": 295,
    "section_title": "Injuring or defiling place of worship, with intent to insult the religion of any class",
    "section_desc": "Whoever destroys, damages or defiles any place of worship, or any object held sacred by any class of persons with the intention of thereby insulting the religion of any class of persons or with the knowledge that any class of persons is likely to consider such destruction, damage or defilement as an insult to their religion, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to two years, or with fine, or with both."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 15,
    "chapter_title": "offences relating to religion",
    "Section": "295A",
    "section_title": "Deliberate and malicious acts intended to outrage religious feelings of any class by insulting its religion or religious beliefs",
    "section_desc": "Whoever, with deliberate and malicious intention of outraging the religious feelings of any class of citizens of India, by words, either spoken or written, or by signs or by visible representations or otherwise insults or attempts to insult the religion or the religious beliefs of that class, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to three years, or with fine, or with both."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 15,
    "chapter_title": "offences relating to religion",
    "Section": 296,
    "section_title": "Disturbing religious assembly",
    "section_desc": "Whoever voluntarily causes disturbance to any assembly lawfully engaged in the performance of religious worship, or religious ceremonies, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to one year, or with fine, or with both."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 15,
    "chapter_title": "offences relating to religion",
    "Section": 297,
    "section_title": "Trespassing on burial places, etc",
    "section_desc": "Whoever, with the intention of wounding the feelings of any person, or of insulting the religion of any person, or with the knowledge that the feelings of any person are likely to be wounded, or that the religion of any person is likely to be insulted thereby, commits any trespass in any place of worship or on any place of sepulture, or any place set apart for the performance of funeral rites or as a depository for the remains of the dead, or offers any indignity to any human corpse, or causes disturbance to any persons assembled for the performance of funeral ceremonies, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to one year, or with fine, or with both."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 15,
    "chapter_title": "offences relating to religion",
    "Section": 298,
    "section_title": "Uttering words, etc., with deliberate intent to wound religious feelings",
    "section_desc": "Whoever, with the deliberate intention of wounding the religious feelings of any person, utters any word or makes any sound in the hearing of that person or makes any gesture in the sight of that person or places any object in the sight of that person, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to one year, or with fine, or with both."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 16,
    "chapter_title": "offences affecting the human body",
    "Section": 299,
    "section_title": "Culpable homicide",
    "section_desc": "Whoever causes death by doing an act with the intention of causing death, or with the intention of causing such bodily injury as is likely to cause death, or with the knowledge that he is likely by such act to cause death, commits the offence of culpable homicide."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 16,
    "chapter_title": "offences affecting the human body",
    "Section": 300,
    "section_title": "Murder",
    "section_desc": "Except in the cases hereinafter excepted, culpable homicide is murder"
  },
  {
    "chapter": 16,
    "chapter_title": "offences affecting the human body",
    "Section": 301,
    "section_title": "Culpable homicide by causing death of person other than person whose death was intended",
    "section_desc": "If a person, by doing anything which he intends or knows to be likely to cause death, commits culpable homicide by causing the death of any person, whose death he neither intends nor knows himself to be likely to cause, the culpable homicide committed by the offender is of the description of which it would have been if he had caused the death of the person whose death he intended or knew himself to he likely to cause."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 16,
    "chapter_title": "offences affecting the human body",
    "Section": 302,
    "section_title": "Punishment for murder",
    "section_desc": "Whoever commits murder shall be punished with death, or imprisonment for life, and shall also be liable to fine."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 16,
    "chapter_title": "offences affecting the human body",
    "Section": 303,
    "section_title": "Punishment for murder by life-convict",
    "section_desc": "Whoever, being under sentence of imprisonment for life, commits murder, shall be punished with death."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 16,
    "chapter_title": "offences affecting the human body",
    "Section": 304,
    "section_title": "Punishment for culpable homicide not amounting to murder",
    "section_desc": "Whoever commits culpable homicide not amounting to murder shall be punished with imprisonment for life, or imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine, if the act by which the death is caused is done with the intention of causing death, or of causing such bodily injury as is likely to cause death;"
  },
  {
    "chapter": 16,
    "chapter_title": "offences affecting the human body",
    "Section": "304A",
    "section_title": "Causing death by negligence",
    "section_desc": "Whoever causes the death of any person by doing any rash or negligent act not amounting to culpable homicide shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to two years, or with fine, or with both."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 16,
    "chapter_title": "offences affecting the human body",
    "Section": "304B",
    "section_title": "Dowry death",
    "section_desc": ""
  },
  {
    "chapter": 16,
    "chapter_title": "offences affecting the human body",
    "Section": 305,
    "section_title": "Abetment of suicide of child or insane person",
    "section_desc": "If any person under eighteen years of age, any insane person, any delirious person, any idiot, or any person in a state of intoxication commits suicide, whoever abets the commission of such suicide, shall be punished with death or imprisonment for life, or imprisonment for a term not exceeding ten years, and shall also be liable to fine."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 16,
    "chapter_title": "offences affecting the human body",
    "Section": 306,
    "section_title": "Abetment of suicide",
    "section_desc": "If any person commits suicide, whoever abets the commission of such suicide, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 16,
    "chapter_title": "offences affecting the human body",
    "Section": 307,
    "section_title": "Attempt to murder",
    "section_desc": "Whoever does any act with such intention or knowledge, and under such circumstances that, if he by that act caused death, he would be guilty of murder, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine; and, if hurt is caused to any person by such act, the offender shall be liable either to imprisonment for life, or to such punishment as is hereinbefore mentioned."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 16,
    "chapter_title": "offences affecting the human body",
    "Section": 308,
    "section_title": "Attempt to commit culpable homicide",
    "section_desc": "Whoever does any act with such intention or knowledge and under such circumstances that, if he by that act caused death, he would be guilty of culpable homicide not amounting to murder, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to three years, or with fine, or with both; and, if hurt is caused to any person by such act, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to seven years, or with fine, or with both."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 16,
    "chapter_title": "offences affecting the human body",
    "Section": 309,
    "section_title": "Attempt to commit suicide",
    "section_desc": "Whoever attempts to commit suicide and does any act towards the commission of such offence, shall be punished with simple imprisonment for a term which may extend to one year or with fine, or with both."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 16,
    "chapter_title": "offences affecting the human body",
    "Section": 310,
    "section_title": "Thug",
    "section_desc": "Whoever, at any time after the passing of this Act, shall have been habitually associated with any other or others for the purpose of committing robbery or child-stealing by means of or accompanied with murder, is a thug."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 16,
    "chapter_title": "offences affecting the human body",
    "Section": 311,
    "section_title": "Punishment",
    "section_desc": "Whoever is a thug, shall be punished with imprisonment for life, and shall also be liable to fine."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 16,
    "chapter_title": "the causing  miscarriage,  injuries to unborn children,  the exposure  infants, and  the concealment  births",
    "Section": 312,
    "section_title": "Causing miscarriage",
    "section_desc": "Whoever voluntarily causes a woman with child to miscarry, shall if such miscarriage be not caused in good faith for the purpose of saving the life of the woman, be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to three years, or with fine, or with both; and, if the woman be quick with child, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to seven years, and shall also be liable to fine."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 16,
    "chapter_title": "the causing  miscarriage,  injuries to unborn children,  the exposure  infants, and  the concealment  births",
    "Section": 313,
    "section_title": "Causing miscarriage without woman's consent",
    "section_desc": "Whoever commits the offence defined in the last preceding section without the consent of the woman, whether the woman is quick with child or not, shall be punished with imprisonment for life, or with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 16,
    "chapter_title": "the causing  miscarriage,  injuries to unborn children,  the exposure  infants, and  the concealment  births",
    "Section": 314,
    "section_title": "Death caused by act done with intent to cause miscarriage",
    "section_desc": "Whoever, with intent to cause the miscarriage of a woman with child, does any act which causes the death of such woman, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine;"
  },
  {
    "chapter": 16,
    "chapter_title": "the causing  miscarriage,  injuries to unborn children,  the exposure  infants, and  the concealment  births",
    "Section": 315,
    "section_title": "Act done with intent to prevent child being born alive or to cause it to die after birth",
    "section_desc": "Whoever before the birth of any child does any act with the intention of thereby preventing that child from being born alive or causing it to die after its birth, and does by such act prevent that child from being born alive, or causes it to die after its birth, shall, if such act be not caused in good faith for the purpose of saving the life of the mother, be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to ten years, or with fine, or with both."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 16,
    "chapter_title": "the causing  miscarriage,  injuries to unborn children,  the exposure  infants, and  the concealment  births",
    "Section": 316,
    "section_title": "Causing death of quick unborn child by act amounting to culpable homicide-",
    "section_desc": "Whoever does any act under such circumstances, that if he thereby caused death he would be guilty of culpable homicide, and does by such act cause the death of a quick unborn child, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 16,
    "chapter_title": "the causing  miscarriage,  injuries to unborn children,  the exposure  infants, and  the concealment  births",
    "Section": 317,
    "section_title": "Exposure and abandonment of child under twelve years, by parent or person having care of it",
    "section_desc": "Whoever being the father or mother of a child under the age of twelve years, or having the care of such child, shall expose or leave such child in any place with the intention of wholly abandoning such child, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to seven years, or with fine, or with both."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 16,
    "chapter_title": "the causing  miscarriage,  injuries to unborn children,  the exposure  infants, and  the concealment  births",
    "Section": 318,
    "section_title": "Concealment of birth by secret disposal of dead body",
    "section_desc": "Whoever, by secretly burying or otherwise disposing of the dead body of a child whether such child die before or after or during its birth, intentionally conceals or endeavours to conceal the birth of such child, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to two years, or with fine, or with both."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 16,
    "chapter_title": "hurt",
    "Section": 319,
    "section_title": "Hurt",
    "section_desc": "Whoever causes bodily pain, disease or infirmity to any person is said to cause hurt."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 16,
    "chapter_title": "hurt",
    "Section": 320,
    "section_title": "Grievous hurt",
    "section_desc": "The following kinds of hurt only are designated as “grievous”: Emasculation.\nPermanent privation of the sight of either eye.\nPermanent privation of the hearing of either ear.\nPrivation of any member or joint.\nDestruction or permanent impairing of the powers of any member or joint.\nPermanent disfiguration of the head or face.\nFracture or dislocation of a bone or tooth.\nAny hurt which endangers life or which causes the sufferer to be during the space of twenty days in severe bodily pain, or unable to follow his ordinary pursuits."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 16,
    "chapter_title": "hurt",
    "Section": 321,
    "section_title": "Voluntarily causing hurt",
    "section_desc": "Whoever does any act with the intention of thereby causing hurt to any person, or with the knowledge that he is likely thereby to cause hurt to any person, and does thereby cause hurt to any person, is said “voluntarily to cause hurt”."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 16,
    "chapter_title": "hurt",
    "Section": 322,
    "section_title": "Voluntarily causing grievous hurt",
    "section_desc": "Whoever voluntarily causes hurt, if the hurt which he intends to cause or knows himself to be likely to cause is grievous hurt, and if the hurt which he causes is grievous hurt, is said “voluntarily to cause grievous hurt”."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 16,
    "chapter_title": "hurt",
    "Section": 323,
    "section_title": "Punishment for voluntarily causing hurt",
    "section_desc": "Whoever, except in the case provided for by section 334, voluntarily causes hurt, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to one year, or with fine which may extend to one thousand rupees, or with both."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 16,
    "chapter_title": "hurt",
    "Section": 324,
    "section_title": "Voluntarily causing hurt by dangerous weapons or means",
    "section_desc": "Whoever, except in the case provided for by section 334, voluntarily causes hurt by means of any instrument for shooting, stabbing or cutting, or any instrument which, used as a weapon of offence, is likely to cause death, or by means of fire or any heated substance, or by means of any poison or any corrosive substance, or by means of any explosive substance or by means of any substance which it is deleterious to the human body to inhale, to swallow, or to receive into the blood, or by means of any animal, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to three years, or with fine, or with both."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 16,
    "chapter_title": "hurt",
    "Section": 325,
    "section_title": "Punishment for voluntarily causing grievous hurt",
    "section_desc": "Whoever, except in the case provided for by section 335, voluntarily causes grievous hurt, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to seven years, and shall also be liable to fine."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 16,
    "chapter_title": "hurt",
    "Section": 326,
    "section_title": "Voluntarily causing grievous hurt by dangerous weapons or means",
    "section_desc": "Whoever, except in the case provided for by section 335, voluntarily causes grievous hurt by means of any instrument for shooting, stabbing or cutting, or any instrument which, used as a weapon of offence, is likely to cause death, or by means of fire or any heated substance, or by means of any poison or any corrosive substance, or by means of any explosive substance, or by means of any substance which it is deleterious to the human body to inhale, to swallow, or to receive into the blood, or by means of any animal, shall be punished with imprisonment for life, or with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 16,
    "chapter_title": "hurt",
    "Section": "326A",
    "section_title": "Voluntarily causing grievous hurt by use of acid, etc.",
    "section_desc": "Whoever causes permanent or partial damage or deformity to, or bums or maims or disfigures or disables, any part or parts of the body of a person or causes grievous hurt by throwing acid1 on or by administering acid to that person, or by using any other means with the intention of causing or with the knowledge that he is likely to cause such injury or hurt, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which shall not be less than ten years but which may extend to imprisonment for life, and with fine;"
  },
  {
    "chapter": 16,
    "chapter_title": "hurt",
    "Section": "326B",
    "section_title": "Voluntarily throwing or attempting to throw acid, etc.",
    "section_desc": "Whoever throws or attempts to throw acid1 on any person or attempts to administer acid to any person, or attempts to use any other means, with the intention of causing permanent or partial damage or deformity or bums or maiming or disfigurement or disability or grievous hurt to that person, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which shall not be less than five years but which may extend to seven years, and shall also be liable to fine."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 16,
    "chapter_title": "hurt",
    "Section": 327,
    "section_title": "Voluntarily causing hurt to extort property, or to constrain to an illegal to an act",
    "section_desc": "Whoever voluntarily causes hurt, for the purpose of extorting from the sufferer, or from any person interested in the sufferer, any property or valuable security, or of constraining the sufferer or any person interested in such sufferer to do anything which is illegal or which may facilitate the commission of an offence, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 16,
    "chapter_title": "hurt",
    "Section": 328,
    "section_title": "Causing hurt by means of poison, etc., with intent to commit and offence",
    "section_desc": "Whoever administers to or causes to be taken by any person any poison or any stupefying, intoxicating or unwholesome drug, or other thing with intent to cause hurt to such person, or with intent to commit or to facilitate the commission of an offence or knowing it to be likely that he will thereby cause hurt, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 16,
    "chapter_title": "hurt",
    "Section": 329,
    "section_title": "Voluntarily causing grievous hurt to extort property, or to constrain to an illegal act",
    "section_desc": "Whoever voluntarily causes grievous hurt for the purpose of extorting from the sufferer or from any person interested in the sufferer any property or valuable security, or of constraining the sufferer or any person interested in such sufferer to do anything that is illegal or which may facilitate the commission of an offence, shall be punished with imprisonment for life, or imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 16,
    "chapter_title": "hurt",
    "Section": 330,
    "section_title": "Voluntarily causing hurt to extort confession or to compel restoration of property",
    "section_desc": "Whoever voluntarily causes hurt, for the purpose of extorting from the sufferer or from any person interested in the sufferer, any confession or any information which may lead to the detection of an offence or misconduct, or for the purpose of constraining the sufferer or any person interested in the sufferer to restore or to cause the restoration of any property or valuable security or to satisfy any claim or demand, or to give information which may lead to the restoration of any property or valuable security, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to seven years, and shall also be liable to fine."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 16,
    "chapter_title": "hurt",
    "Section": 331,
    "section_title": "Voluntarily causing grievous hurt to extort confession, or to compel restoration of property",
    "section_desc": "Whoever voluntarily causes grievous hurt for the purpose of extorting from the sufferer or from any person interested in the sufferer any confession or any information which may lead to the detection of an offence or misconduct, or for the purpose of constraining the sufferer or any person interested in the sufferer to restore or to cause the restoration of any property or valuable security, or to satisfy any claim or demand or to give information which may lead to the restoration of any property or valuable security shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 16,
    "chapter_title": "hurt",
    "Section": 332,
    "section_title": "Voluntarily causing hurt to deter public servant from his duty",
    "section_desc": "Whoever voluntarily causes hurt to any person being a public servant in the discharge of his duty as such public servant, or with intent to prevent or deter that person or any other public servant from discharging his duty as such public servant, or in consequence of anything done or attempted to be done by that person in the lawful discharge of his duty as such public servant, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to three years, or with fine, or with both."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 16,
    "chapter_title": "hurt",
    "Section": 333,
    "section_title": "Voluntarily causing grievous hurt to deter public servant from his duty",
    "section_desc": "Whoever voluntarily causes grievous hurt to any person being a public servant in the discharge of his duty as such public servant, or with intent to prevent or deter that person or any other public servant from discharging his duty as such public servant, or in consequence of anything done or attempted to be done by that person in the lawful discharge of his duty as such public servant, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 16,
    "chapter_title": "hurt",
    "Section": 334,
    "section_title": "Voluntarily causing hurt on provocation",
    "section_desc": "Whoever voluntarily causes hurt on grave and sudden provocation, if he neither intends nor knows himself to be likely to cause hurt to any person other than the person who gave the provocation, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to one month, or with fine which may extend to five hundred rupees, or with both."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 16,
    "chapter_title": "hurt",
    "Section": 335,
    "section_title": "Voluntarily causing grievous hurt on provocation",
    "section_desc": "Whoever voluntarily causes grievous hurt on grave and sudden provocation, if he neither intends nor knows himself to be likely to cause grievous hurt to any person other than the person who gave the provocation shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to four years, or with fine which may extend to two thousand rupees, or with both."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 16,
    "chapter_title": "hurt",
    "Section": 336,
    "section_title": "Act endangering life or personal safety of others",
    "section_desc": "Whoever does any act so rashly or negligently as to endanger human life or the personal safety others, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to three months or with fine which may extend to two hundred and fifty rupees, or with both."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 16,
    "chapter_title": "hurt",
    "Section": 337,
    "section_title": "Causing hurt by act endangering life or personal safety of others",
    "section_desc": "Whoever causes hurt to any person by doing any act so rashly or negligently as to endanger human life, or the personal safety of others, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to six months, or with fine which may extend to five hundred rupees, or with both."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 16,
    "chapter_title": "hurt",
    "Section": 338,
    "section_title": "Causing grievous hurt by act endangering life or personal safety of others",
    "section_desc": "Whoever causes grievous hurt to any person by doing any act so rashly or negligently as to endanger human life, or the personal safety of others, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to two years, or with fine which may extend to one thousand rupees, or with both."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 16,
    "chapter_title": "wrongful restraint and wrongful confinement",
    "Section": 339,
    "section_title": "Wrongful restraint",
    "section_desc": "Whoever voluntarily obstructs any person so as to prevent that person from proceeding in any direction in which that person has a right to proceed, is said wrongfully to restrain that person."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 16,
    "chapter_title": "wrongful restraint and wrongful confinement",
    "Section": 340,
    "section_title": "Wrongful confinement",
    "section_desc": "Whoever wrongfully restrains any person in such a manner as to prevent that person from proceeding beyond certain circumscribing limits, is said “wrongfully to confine” that person."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 16,
    "chapter_title": "wrongful restraint and wrongful confinement",
    "Section": 341,
    "section_title": "Punishment for wrongful restraint",
    "section_desc": "Whoever wrongfully restrains any person shall be punished with simple imprisonment for a term which may extend to one month, or with fine which may extend to five hundred rupees, or with both."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 16,
    "chapter_title": "wrongful restraint and wrongful confinement",
    "Section": 342,
    "section_title": "Punishment for wrongful confinement",
    "section_desc": "Whoever wrongfully confines any person shall be punished with simple imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to one year, or with fine which may extend to one thousand rupees, or with both."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 16,
    "chapter_title": "wrongful restraint and wrongful confinement",
    "Section": 343,
    "section_title": "Wrongful confinement for three or more days",
    "section_desc": "Whoever wrongfully confines any person for three days or more, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to two years, or with fine, or with both."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 16,
    "chapter_title": "wrongful restraint and wrongful confinement",
    "Section": 344,
    "section_title": "Wrongful confinement for ten or more days",
    "section_desc": "Whoever wrongfully confines any person for ten days, or more, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to three years, and shall also be liable to fine."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 16,
    "chapter_title": "wrongful restraint and wrongful confinement",
    "Section": 345,
    "section_title": "Wrongful confinement of person for whose liberation writ has been issued",
    "section_desc": "Whoever keeps any person in wrongful confinement, knowing that a writ for the liberation of that person has been duly issued, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to two years in addition to any term of imprisonment to which he may be liable under any other section of this Chapter."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 16,
    "chapter_title": "wrongful restraint and wrongful confinement",
    "Section": 346,
    "section_title": "Wrongful confinement in secret",
    "section_desc": "Whoever wrongfully confines any person in such manner as to indicate an intention that the confinement of such person may not be known to any person interested in the person so confined, or to any public servant, or that the place of such confinement may not be known to or discovered by any such person or public servant as hereinbefore mentioned, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to two years in addition to any other punishment to which he may be liable for such wrongful confinement."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 16,
    "chapter_title": "wrongful restraint and wrongful confinement",
    "Section": 347,
    "section_title": "Wrongful confinement to extort property, or constrain to illegal act",
    "section_desc": "Whoever wrongfully confines any person for the purpose of extorting from the person confined, or from any person interested in the person confined, any property or valuable security or of constraining the person confined or any person interested in such person to do anything illegal or to give any information which may facilitate the commission of an offence, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to three years, and shall also be liable to fine."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 16,
    "chapter_title": "wrongful restraint and wrongful confinement",
    "Section": 348,
    "section_title": "Wrongful confinement to extort confession, or compel restoration of property",
    "section_desc": "Whoever wrongfully confines any person for the purpose of extorting from the person confined or any person interested in the person confined any confession or any information which may lead to the detection of an offence or misconduct, or for the purpose of constraining the person confined or any person interested in the person confined to restore or to cause the restoration of any property or valuable security or to satisfy any claim or demand, or to give information which may lead to the restoration of any property or valuable security, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to three years, and shall also be liable to fine."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 16,
    "chapter_title": "criminal force and assault",
    "Section": 349,
    "section_title": "Force",
    "section_desc": "A person is said to use force to another if he causes motion, change of motion, or cessation of motion to that other, or if he causes to any substance such motion, or change of motion, or cessation of motion as brings that substance into contact with any part of that other’s body, or with anything which that other is wearing or carrying, or with anything so situated that such contact affects that other’s sense of feeling;"
  },
  {
    "chapter": 16,
    "chapter_title": "criminal force and assault",
    "Section": 350,
    "section_title": "Criminal force",
    "section_desc": "Whoever intentionally uses force to any person, without that person’s consent, in order to the committing of any offence, or intending by the use of such force to cause, or knowing it to be likely that by the use of such force he will cause injury, fear or annoyance to the person to whom the force is used, is said to use criminal force to that other."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 16,
    "chapter_title": "criminal force and assault",
    "Section": 351,
    "section_title": "Assault",
    "section_desc": "Whoever makes any gesture, or any preparation intending or knowing it to be likely that such gesture or preparation will cause any person present to apprehend that he who makes that gesture or preparation is about to use criminal force to that person, is said to commit an assault."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 16,
    "chapter_title": "criminal force and assault",
    "Section": 352,
    "section_title": "Punishment for assault or criminal force otherwise than on grave provocation",
    "section_desc": "Whoever assaults or uses criminal force to any person otherwise than on grave and sudden provocation given by that person, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to three months, or with fine which may extend to five hundred rupees, or with both."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 16,
    "chapter_title": "criminal force and assault",
    "Section": 353,
    "section_title": "Assault or criminal force to deter public servant from discharge of his duty",
    "section_desc": "Whoever assaults or uses criminal force to any person being a public servant in the execution of his duty as such public servant, or with intent to prevent or deter that person from discharging his duty as such public servant, or in consequence of anything done or attempted to be done by such person to the lawful discharge of his duty as such public servant, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to two years, or with fine, or with both."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 16,
    "chapter_title": "criminal force and assault",
    "Section": 354,
    "section_title": "Assault or criminal force to woman with intent to outrage her modesty",
    "section_desc": "Whoever assaults or uses criminal force to any woman, intending to outrage or knowing it to be likely that he will there by outrage her modesty1, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which shall not be less than one year but which may extend to five years, and shall also be liable to fine."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 16,
    "chapter_title": "criminal force and assault",
    "Section": "354A",
    "section_title": "Sexual harassment and punishment for sexual harassment",
    "section_desc": "A man committing any of the following acts \nphysical contact and advances involving unwelcome and explicit sexual overtures; or\na demand or request for sexual favours; or\nshowing pornography against the will of a woman; or\nmaking sexually coloured remarks, shall be guilty of the offence of sexual harassment1.\nAny man who commits the offence specified in clause , or clause , or clause , of sub-section (1) shall be punished with rigorous imprisonment for a term which may extend to three years, or with fine, or with both.\nAny man who commits the offence specified in clause of sub-section (1) shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to one year, or with fine, or with both."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 16,
    "chapter_title": "criminal force and assault",
    "Section": "354B",
    "section_title": "Assault or use of criminal force to woman with intent to disrobe",
    "section_desc": "Any man who assaults or uses criminal force to any woman or abets such act with the intention of disrobing1 or compelling her to be naked, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which shall not be less than three years but which may extend to seven years, and shall also be liable to fine."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 16,
    "chapter_title": "criminal force and assault",
    "Section": "354C",
    "section_title": "Voyeurism",
    "section_desc": "Any man who watches, or captures the image of a woman engaging in a private act in circumstances where she would usually have the expectation of not being observed either by the perpetrator or by any other person at the behest of the perpetrator or disseminates such image1 shall be punished on first conviction with imprisonment of either description for a term which shall not be less than one year, but which may extend to three years, and shall also be liable to fine, and be punished on a second or subsequent conviction, with imprisonment of either description for a term which shall not be less than three years, but which may extend to seven years, and shall also be liable to fine."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 16,
    "chapter_title": "criminal force and assault",
    "Section": "354D",
    "section_title": "Stalking",
    "section_desc": "(1) Any man who, follows a woman and contacts, or attempts to contact such woman to foster personal interaction repeatedly despite a clear indication of disinterest by such woman; or\nmonitors the use by a woman of the internet, email or any other form of electronic communication,\ncommits the offence of stalking1; Provided that such conduct shall not amount to stalking if the man who pursued it proves that \nit was pursued for the purpose of preventing or detecting crime and the man accused of stalking had been entrusted with the responsibility of prevention and detection of crime by the State; or\nit was pursued under any law or to comply with any condition or requirement imposed by any person under any law; or\nin the particular circumstances such conduct was reasonable and justified.\n(2) Whoever commits the offence of stalking shall be punished on first conviction with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to three years, and shall also be liable to fine; and be punished on a second or subsequent conviction, with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to five years, and shall also be liable to fine."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 16,
    "chapter_title": "criminal force and assault",
    "Section": 355,
    "section_title": "Assault or criminal force with intent to dishonour person, otherwise than on grave provocation",
    "section_desc": "Whoever assaults or uses criminal force to any person, intending thereby to dishonour that person, otherwise than on grave and sudden provocation given by that person, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to two years, or with fine, or with both."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 16,
    "chapter_title": "criminal force and assault",
    "Section": 356,
    "section_title": "Assault or criminal force in attempt to commit theft of property carried by a person",
    "section_desc": "Whoever assaults or uses criminal force to any person, in attempting to commit theft on any property which that person is then wearing or carrying shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to two years, or with fine, or with both."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 16,
    "chapter_title": "criminal force and assault",
    "Section": 357,
    "section_title": "Assault or criminal force in attempt wrongfully to confine a person",
    "section_desc": "Whoever assaults or uses criminal force to any person, in attempting wrongfully to confine that person, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to one year, or with fine which may extend to one thousand rupees, or with both."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 16,
    "chapter_title": "criminal force and assault",
    "Section": 358,
    "section_title": "Assault or criminal force on grave provocation",
    "section_desc": "Whoever assaults or uses criminal force to any person on grave and sudden provocation given by that person, shall be punished with simple imprisonment for a term which may extend to one month, or with fine which may extend to two hundred rupees, or with both."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 16,
    "chapter_title": "kidnapping, abduction, slavery and forced labour",
    "Section": 359,
    "section_title": "Kidnapping",
    "section_desc": "Kidnapping is of two kinds: kidnapping from India, and kidnapping from lawful guardianship."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 16,
    "chapter_title": "kidnapping, abduction, slavery and forced labour",
    "Section": 360,
    "section_title": "Kidnapping from India",
    "section_desc": "Whoever conveys any person beyond the limits of India without the consent of that person, or of some person legally authorized to consent on behalf of that person, is said to kidnap that person from India."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 16,
    "chapter_title": "kidnapping, abduction, slavery and forced labour",
    "Section": 361,
    "section_title": "Kidnapping from lawful guardianship",
    "section_desc": "Whoever takes or entices any minor under sixteen years of age if a male, or under eighteen years of age if a female, or any person of unsound mind, out of the keeping of the lawful guardian of such minor or person of unsound mind, without the consent of such guardian, is said to kidnap such minor or person from lawful guardianship."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 16,
    "chapter_title": "kidnapping, abduction, slavery and forced labour",
    "Section": 362,
    "section_title": "Abduction",
    "section_desc": "Whoever by force compels, or by any deceitful means induces any person to go from any place, is said to abduct that person."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 16,
    "chapter_title": "kidnapping, abduction, slavery and forced labour",
    "Section": 363,
    "section_title": "Punishment for kidnapping",
    "section_desc": "Whoever kidnaps any person from India or from lawful guardianship, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to seven years, and shall also be liable to fine."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 16,
    "chapter_title": "kidnapping, abduction, slavery and forced labour",
    "Section": "363A",
    "section_title": "Kidnapping or maiming a minor for purposes of begging",
    "section_desc": "Whoever kidnaps any minor or, not being the lawful guardian of a minor, obtains the custody of the minor, in order that such minor may be employed or used for the purposes of begging shall be punishable with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine.\nWhoever maims any minor in order that such minor may be employed or used for the purposes of begging shall be punishable with imprisonment for life, and shall also be liable to fine.\nWhere any person, not being the lawful guardian of a minor, employs or uses such minor for the purposes of begging, it shall be presumed, unless the contrary is proved, that he kidnapped or otherwise obtained the custody of that minor in order that the minor might be employed or used for the purposes of begging.\nIn this section\n“begging” means:\nsoliciting or receiving alms in a public place, whether under the pretence of singing, dancing, fortune-telling, performing tricks or selling articles or otherwise;\nentering on any private premises for the purpose of soliciting or receiving alms;\nexposing or exhibiting, with the object of obtaining or extorting alms, any sore, wound, injury, deformity or disease, whether of himself or of any other person or of an animal;\nusing a minor as an exhibit for the purpose of soliciting or receiving alms;\n“minor” means:\nin the case of a male, a person under sixteen years of age; and\nin the case of a female, a person under eighteen years of age."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 16,
    "chapter_title": "kidnapping, abduction, slavery and forced labour",
    "Section": 364,
    "section_title": "Kidnapping or abducting in order to murder",
    "section_desc": "Whoever kidnaps or abducts any person in order that such person may be murdered or may be so disposed of as to be put in danger of being murdered, shall be punished with imprisonment for life or rigorous imprisonment for a term which may extend to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 16,
    "chapter_title": "kidnapping, abduction, slavery and forced labour",
    "Section": "364A",
    "section_title": "Kidnapping for ransom, etc.",
    "section_desc": "Whoever kidnaps or abducts any person or keeps a person in detention after such kidnapping or abduction, and threatens to cause death or hurt to such person, or by his conduct gives rise to a reasonable apprehension that such person may be put to death or hurt, or causes hurt or death to such person in order to compel the Government or any foreign State or international inter-governmental organisation or any other person to do or abstain from doing any act or to pay a ransom, shall be punishable with death or imprisonment for life, and shall also be liable to fine."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 16,
    "chapter_title": "kidnapping, abduction, slavery and forced labour",
    "Section": 365,
    "section_title": "Kidnapping or abducting with intent secretly and wrongfully to confine person",
    "section_desc": "Whoever kidnaps or abducts any person with intent to cause that person to be secretly and wrongfully confined, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to seven years, and shall also be liable to fine."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 16,
    "chapter_title": "kidnapping, abduction, slavery and forced labour",
    "Section": 366,
    "section_title": "Kidnapping, abducting or inducing woman to compel her marriage, etc.",
    "section_desc": "Whoever kidnaps or abducts any woman with intent that she may be compelled, or knowing it to be likely that she will be compelled, to marry any person against her will, or in order that she may be forced or seduced to illicit intercourse, or knowing it to be likely that she will be forced or seduced to illicit intercourse, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine;"
  },
  {
    "chapter": 16,
    "chapter_title": "kidnapping, abduction, slavery and forced labour",
    "Section": "366A",
    "section_title": "Procuration of minor girl",
    "section_desc": "Whoever, by any means whatsoever, induces any minor girl under the age of eighteen years to go from any place or to do any act with intent that such girl may be, or knowing that it is likely that she will be, forced or seduced to illicit intercourse with another person shall be punishable with imprisonment which may extend to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 16,
    "chapter_title": "kidnapping, abduction, slavery and forced labour",
    "Section": "366B",
    "section_title": "Importation of girl from foreign country",
    "section_desc": "Whoever imports into India from any country outside India or from the State of Jammu and Kashmir any girl under the age of twenty-one years with intent that she may be, or knowing it to be likely that she will be, forced or seduced to illicit intercourse with another person, shall be punishable with imprisonment which may extend to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 16,
    "chapter_title": "kidnapping, abduction, slavery and forced labour",
    "Section": 367,
    "section_title": "Kidnapping or abducting in order to subject person to grievous hurt, slavery, etc.",
    "section_desc": "Whoever kidnaps or abducts any person in order that such person may be subjected, or may be so disposed of as to be put in danger of being subjected to grievous hurt, or slavery, or to the unnatural lust of any person, or knowing it to be likely that such person will be so subjected or disposed of, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 16,
    "chapter_title": "kidnapping, abduction, slavery and forced labour",
    "Section": 368,
    "section_title": "Wrongfully concealing or keeping in confinement, kidnapped or abducted person",
    "section_desc": "Whoever, knowing that any person has been kidnapped or has been abducted, wrongfully conceals or confines such person, shall be punished in the same manner as if he had kidnapped or abducted such person with the same intention or knowledge, or for the same purpose as that with or for which he conceals or detains such person in confinement."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 16,
    "chapter_title": "kidnapping, abduction, slavery and forced labour",
    "Section": 369,
    "section_title": "Kidnapping or abducting child under ten years with intent to steal from its person",
    "section_desc": "Whoever kidnaps or abducts any child under the age of ten years with the intention of taking dishonestly any movable property from the person of such child, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to seven years, and shall also be liable to fine."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 16,
    "chapter_title": "kidnapping, abduction, slavery and forced labour",
    "Section": 370,
    "section_title": "Trafficking of persons",
    "section_desc": "Whoever, for the purpose of exploitation, (a) recruits, (b) transports, ( c) harbours, (d) transfers, or (e) receives, a person or persons, by \nusing threats, or\nusing force, or any other form of coercion, or\nby abduction, or\nby practising fraud, or deception, or\nby abuse of power, or\nby inducement, including the giving or receiving of payments or benefits, in order to achieve the consent of any person having control over the person recruited, transported, harboured, transferred or received,\ncommits the offence of trafficking1. Explanations\n1. The expression “exploitation” shall include any act of physical exploitation or any form of sexual exploitation, slavery or practices similar to slavery, servitude, or the forced removal of organs.\n2. The consent of the victim is immaterial in determination of the offence of trafficking1.\nWhoever commits the offence of trafficking shall be punished with rigorous imprisonment for a term which shall not be less than seven years, but which may extend to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine.\nWhere the offence involves the trafficking1 of more than one person, it shall be punishable with rigorous imprisonment for a term which shall not be less than ten years but which may extend to imprisonment for life, and shall also be liable to fine.\nWhere the offence involves the trafficking of a minor, it shall be punishable with rigorous imprisonment for a term which shall not be less than ten years, but which may extend to imprisonment for life, and shall also be liable to fine.\nWhere the offence involves the trafficking of more than one minor, it shall be punishable with rigorous imprisonment for a term which shall not be less than fourteen years, but which may extend to imprisonment for life, and shall also be liable to fine.\nIf a person is convicted of the offence of trafficking of minor on more than one occasion, then such person shall be punished with imprisonment for life, which shall mean imprisonment for the remainder of that person’s natural life, and shall also be liable to fine.\nWhen a public servant or a police officer is involved in the trafficking of any person then, such public servant or police officer shall be punished with imprisonment for life, which shall mean imprisonment for the remainder of that person’s natural life, and shall also be liable to fine."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 16,
    "chapter_title": "kidnapping, abduction, slavery and forced labour",
    "Section": "370A",
    "section_title": "Exploitation of a trafficked person",
    "section_desc": "Whoever, knowingly or having reason to believe that a minor has been trafficked1, engages such minor for sexual exploitation in any manner, shall be punished with rigorous imprisonment for a term which shall not be less than five years, but which may extend to seven years, and shall also be liable to fine.\nWhoever, knowingly by or having reason to believe that a person has been trafficked1, engages such person for sexual exploitation in any manner, shall be punished With rigorous imprisonment for a term which shall not be less than three years, but which may extend to five years, and shall also be liable to fine."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 16,
    "chapter_title": "kidnapping, abduction, slavery and forced labour",
    "Section": 371,
    "section_title": "Habitual dealing in slaves",
    "section_desc": "Whoever habitually imports, exports, removes, buys, sells traffics or deals in slaves, shall be punished with imprisonment for life, or with imprisonment of either description for a term not exceeding ten years, and shall also be liable to fine."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 16,
    "chapter_title": "kidnapping, abduction, slavery and forced labour",
    "Section": 372,
    "section_title": "Selling minor for purposes of prostitution, etc.",
    "section_desc": "Whoever sells, lets to hire, or otherwise disposes of any person under the age of eighteen years with intent that such person shall at any age be employed or used for the purpose of prostitution or illicit intercourse with any person or for any unlawful and immoral purpose, or knowing it to be likely that such person will at any age be employed or used for any such purpose, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 16,
    "chapter_title": "kidnapping, abduction, slavery and forced labour",
    "Section": 373,
    "section_title": "Buying minor for purposes of prostitution, etc.",
    "section_desc": "Whoever buys, hires or otherwise obtains possession of any person under the age of eighteen years with intent that such person shall at any age be employed or used for the purpose of prostitution or illicit intercourse with any person or for any unlawful and immoral purpose, or knowing it to be likely that such person will at any age be employed or used for any such purpose, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 16,
    "chapter_title": "kidnapping, abduction, slavery and forced labour",
    "Section": 374,
    "section_title": "Unlawful compulsory labour",
    "section_desc": "Whoever unlawfully compels any person to labour against the will of that person, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to one year, or with fine, or with both."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 16,
    "chapter_title": "sexual offences",
    "Section": 375,
    "section_title": "Rape",
    "section_desc": "A man is said to commit “rape” if he, penetrates his penis, to any extent, into the vagina, mouth, urethra or anus of a woman or makes her to do so with him or any other person; or\ninserts, to any extent, any object or a part of the body, not being the penis, into the vagina, the urethra or anus of a woman or makes her to do so with him or any other person; or\nmanipulates any part of the body of a woman so as to cause penetration into the vagina, urethra, anus or any part of body of such woman or makes her to do so with him or any other person; or\napplies his mouth to the vagina, anus, urethra of a woman or makes her to do so with him or any other person, under the circumstances falling under any of the following seven descriptions1:\nAgainst her will.\nWithout her consent.\nWith her consent, when her consent has been obtained by putting her or any person in whom she is interested, in fear of death or of hurt.\nWith her consent, when the man knows that he is not her husband and that her consent is given because she believes that he is another man to whom she is or believes herself to be lawfully married.\nWith her consent when, at the time of giving such consent, by reason of unsoundness of mind or intoxication or the administration by him personally or through another of any stupefying or unwholesome Substance, she is unable to understand the nature and consequences of that to which she gives consent.\nWith or without her consent, when she is under eighteen years of age.\nWhen she is unable to communicate consent.\nExplanations\nFor the purposes of this section, “vagina” shall also include labia majora.\nConsent means an unequivocal voluntary agreement when the woman by words, gestures or any form of verbal or non-verbal communication, communicates willingness to participate in the specific sexual act;\nProvided that a woman who does not physically resist to the act of penetration shall not by the reason only of that fact, be regarded as consenting to the sexual activity.\nExceptions\nA medical procedure or intervention shall not constitute rape.\nSexual intercourse or sexual acts by a man with his own wife, the wife not being under fifteen years of age, is not rape."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 16,
    "chapter_title": "sexual offences",
    "Section": 376,
    "section_title": "Punishment for rape",
    "section_desc": "Whoever, except in the cases provided for in sub-section (2), commits rape, shall be punished with rigorous imprisonment of either description for a term which shall not be less than ten years, but which may extend to imprisonment for life, and shall also be liable to fine.\nWhoever \nbeing a police officer, commits rape,\nwithin the limits of the police station to which such police officer is appointed; or\nin the premises of any station house; or\non a woman in such police officer’s custody or in the custody of a police officer subordinate to such police officer; or\nbeing a public servant, commits rape on a woman in such public servant’s custody or in the custody of a public servant subordinate to such public servant; or\nbeing a member of the armed forces deployed in an area by the Central or a State Government commits rape in such area; or\nbeing on the management or on the staff of a jail, remand home or other place of custody established by or under any law for the time being in force or of a women’s or children’s institution, commits rape on any inmate of such jail, remand home, place or institution; or\nbeing on the management or on the staff of a hospital, commits rape on a woman in that hospital; or\nbeing a relative, guardian or teacher of, or a person in a position of trust or authority towards the woman, commits rape on such woman; or\ncommits rape during communal or sectarian violence; or\ncommits rape on a woman knowing her to be pregnant; or\ncommits rape, on a woman incapable of giving consent; or\nbeing in a position of control or dominance over a woman, commits rape on such woman; or\ncommits rape on a woman suffering from mental or physical disability; or\nwhile committing rape causes grievous bodily harm or maims or disfigures or endangers the life of a woman; or\ncommits rape repeatedly on the same woman,\nshall be punished with rigorous imprisonment for a term which shall not be less than ten years, but which may extend to imprisonment for life, which shall mean imprisonment for the remainder of that person’s natural life, and shall also be liable to fine.\nWhoever, commits rape on a woman under sixteen years of age shall be punished with rigorous imprisonment for a term which shall not be less than twenty years, but which may extend to imprisonment for life, which shall mean imprisonment for the remainder of that person’s natural life, and shall also be liable to fine:1\nProvided that such fine shall be just and reasonable to meet the medical expenses and rehabilitation of the victim:\nProvided further that any fine imposed under this sub-section shall be paid to the victim.\nExplanations\nFor the purposes of sub-section 2\n“armed forces” means the naval, military and air forces and includes any member of the Armed Forces constituted under any Law for the time being in force, including the paramilitary forces and any auxiliary forces that are under the control of the Central Government, or the State Government;\n“hospital” means the precincts of the hospital and includes the precincts of any institution for the reception and treatment of persons during convalescence or of persons requiring medical attention or rehabilitation;\n“police officer” shall have the same meaning as assigned to the expression “police” under the Police Act, 1861;\n“women’s or children’s institution” means an institution, whether called an orphanage or a home for neglected women or children or a widow’s home or an institution called by any other name, which is established and maintained for the reception and care of women or children."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 16,
    "chapter_title": "sexual offences",
    "Section": "376A",
    "section_title": "Punishment for causing death or resulting in persistent vegetative state of victim",
    "section_desc": "Whoever, commits an offence punishable under sub-section (1) or sub-section (2) of section 376 and in the course of such commission inflicts an injury which causes the death1 of the woman or causes the woman to be in a persistent vegetative state, shall be punished with rigorous imprisonment for a term which shall not be less than twenty years, but which may extend to imprisonment for life, which shall mean imprisonment for the remainder of that person’s natural life, or with death."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 16,
    "chapter_title": "sexual offences",
    "Section": "376AB",
    "section_title": "Punishment for rape on woman under twelve years of age",
    "section_desc": "Whoever, commits rape on a woman under twelve years of age shall be punished with rigorous imprisonment for a term which shall not be less than twenty years, but which may extend to imprisonment for life, which shall mean imprisonment for the remainder of that person’s natural life, and with fine or with death:1\nProvided that such fine shall be just and reasonable to meet the medical expenses and rehabilitation of the victim:\nProvided further that any fine imposed under this section shall be paid to the victim."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 16,
    "chapter_title": "sexual offences",
    "Section": "376B",
    "section_title": "Sexual intercourse by husband upon his wife during separation",
    "section_desc": "Whoever has sexual intercourse with his own wife, who is living separately, whether under a decree of separation or otherwise, without her consent, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which shall not be less than two years but which may extend to seven years, and shall also be liable to fine1."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 16,
    "chapter_title": "sexual offences",
    "Section": "376C",
    "section_title": "Sexual intercourse by person in authority",
    "section_desc": "Whoever, being, in a position of authority or in a fiduciary relationship; or\na public servant; or\nsuperintendent or manager of a jail, remand home or other place of custody established by or under any law for the time being in force, or a women’s or children’s institution; or\non the management of a hospital or being on the staff of a hospital, abuses such position or fiduciary relationship to induce or seduce any woman either in his custody or under his charge or present in the premises to have sexual intercourse with him, such sexual intercourse not amounting to the offence of rape, shall be punished with rigorous imprisonment of either description for a term which shall not be less than 5 years, but which may extend to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine1.\nExplanations\nIn this section, “sexual intercourse” shall mean any of the acts mentioned in clauses (a) to (d) of section 375.\nFor the purposes of this section, Explanation 1 to section 375 shall also be applicable.\n“Superintendent”, in relation to a jail, remand home or other place of custody or a women’s or children’s institution, includes a person holding any other office in such jail, remand home, place or institution by virtue of which such person can exercise any authority or control over its inmates.\nThe expressions “hospital” and “women’s or children’s institution” shall respectively have the same meaning as in Explanation to sub-section (2) of section 376."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 16,
    "chapter_title": "sexual offences",
    "Section": "376D",
    "section_title": "Gang Rape",
    "section_desc": "Where a woman is raped by one or more persons constituting a group or acting in furtherance of a common intention, each of those persons1 shall be deemed to have committed the offence of rape and shall be punished with rigorous imprisonment for a term which shall not be less than twenty years, but which may extend to life which shall mean imprisonment for the remainder of that person’s natural life, and with fine;"
  },
  {
    "chapter": 16,
    "chapter_title": "sexual offences",
    "Section": "376DA",
    "section_title": "Punishment for gang rape on woman under sixteen years of age",
    "section_desc": "Where a woman under sixteen years of age is raped by one or more persons constituting a group or acting in furtherance of a common intention, each of those persons shall be deemed to have committed the offence of rape and shall be punished with imprisonment for life, which shall mean imprisonment for the remainder of that person’s natural life, and with fine:1"
  },
  {
    "chapter": 16,
    "chapter_title": "sexual offences",
    "Section": "376DB",
    "section_title": "Punishment for gang rape on woman under twelve years of age",
    "section_desc": "Where a woman under twelve years of age is raped by one or more persons constituting a group or acting in furtherance of a common intention, each of those persons shall be deemed to have committed the offence of rape and shall be punished with imprisonment for life, which shall mean imprisonment for the remainder of that person’s natural life, and with fine, or with death:1"
  },
  {
    "chapter": 16,
    "chapter_title": "sexual offences",
    "Section": "376E",
    "section_title": "Punishment for repeat offenders",
    "section_desc": "Whoever has been previously convicted of an offence punishable under section 376 or section 376A or section1 376AB or section 376D or section 376DA or section 376DB and is subsequently convicted of an offence punishable under any of the said sections shall be punished with imprisonment for life which shall mean imprisonment for the remainder of that person’s natural life, or with death1."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 16,
    "chapter_title": "unnatural offences",
    "Section": 377,
    "section_title": "Unnatural offences",
    "section_desc": "Whoever voluntarily has carnal intercourse against the order of nature with any man, woman or animal, shall be punished with imprisonment for life, or with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 17,
    "chapter_title": "offences against property  theft",
    "Section": 378,
    "section_title": "Theft",
    "section_desc": "Whoever, intending to take dishonestly any movable property out of the possession of any person without that person’s consent, moves that property in order to such taking, is said to commit theft."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 17,
    "chapter_title": "offences against property  theft",
    "Section": 379,
    "section_title": "Punishment for theft",
    "section_desc": "Whoever commits theft shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to three years, or with fine, or with both."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 17,
    "chapter_title": "offences against property  theft",
    "Section": 380,
    "section_title": "Theft in dwelling house, etc.",
    "section_desc": "Whoever commits theft in any building, tent or vessel, which building, tent or vessel is used as a human dwelling, or used for the custody of property, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to seven years, and shall also be liable to fine."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 17,
    "chapter_title": "offences against property  theft",
    "Section": 381,
    "section_title": "Theft by clerk or servant of property in possession of master",
    "section_desc": "Whoever, being a clerk or servant, or being employed in the capacity of a clerk or servant, commits theft in respect of any property in the possession of his master or employer, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to seven years, and shall also be liable to fine."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 17,
    "chapter_title": "offences against property  theft",
    "Section": 382,
    "section_title": "Theft after preparation made for causing death, hurt or restraint in order to the committing of the theft",
    "section_desc": "Whoever commits theft, having made preparation for causing death, or hurt, or restraint, or fear of death, or of hurt, or of restraint, to any person, in order to the committing of such theft, or in order to the effecting of his escape after the committing of such theft or in order to the retaining of property taken by such theft, shall be punished with rigorous imprisonment for a term which may extend to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 17,
    "chapter_title": "extortion",
    "Section": 383,
    "section_title": "Extortion",
    "section_desc": "Whoever intentionally puts any person in fear of any injury to that person, or to any other, and thereby dishonestly induces the person so put in fear to deliver to any person any property, or valuable security or anything signed or sealed which may be converted into a valuable security, commits “extortion”."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 17,
    "chapter_title": "extortion",
    "Section": 384,
    "section_title": "Punishment for extortion",
    "section_desc": "Whoever commits extortion shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to three years, or with fine, or with both."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 17,
    "chapter_title": "extortion",
    "Section": 385,
    "section_title": "Putting person in fear of injury in order to commit extortion",
    "section_desc": "Whoever, in order to the committing of extortion, puts any person in fear, or attempts to put any person in fear, of any injury, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to two years, or with fine, or with both."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 17,
    "chapter_title": "extortion",
    "Section": 386,
    "section_title": "Extortion by putting a person in fear of death or grievous hurt",
    "section_desc": "Whoever commits extortion by putting any person in fear of death or of grievous hurt to that person or to any other, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 17,
    "chapter_title": "extortion",
    "Section": 387,
    "section_title": "Putting person in fear of death or of grievous hurt, in order to commit extortion",
    "section_desc": "Whoever in order to the committing of extortion, puts or attempts to put any person in fear of death or of grievous hurt to that person or to any other, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to seven years, and shall also be liable to fine."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 17,
    "chapter_title": "extortion",
    "Section": 388,
    "section_title": "Extortion by threat of accusation of an offence punishable with death or imprisonment for life, etc",
    "section_desc": "Whoever commits extortion by putting any person in fear of an accusation against that person or any other, of having committed or attempted to commit any offence punishable with death, or with imprisonment for life, or with imprisonment for a term which may extend to ten years, or of having attempted to induce any other person to commit such offence, shall  be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine;"
  },
  {
    "chapter": 17,
    "chapter_title": "extortion",
    "Section": 389,
    "section_title": "Putting person in fear or accusation of offence, in order to commit extortion",
    "section_desc": "Whoever, in order to the committing of extortion, puts or attempts to put any person in fear of an accusation, against that person or any other, of having committed, or attempted to commit, an offence punishable with death or with imprisonment for life, or with imprisonment for a term which may extend to ten years, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine;"
  },
  {
    "chapter": 17,
    "chapter_title": "robbery and dacoity",
    "Section": 390,
    "section_title": "Robbery",
    "section_desc": "In all robbery there is either theft or extortion. When theft is robbery   Theft is “robbery” if, in order to the committing of the theft, or in committing the theft, or in carrying away or attempting to carry away property obtained by the theft, the offender, for that end, voluntarily causes or attempts to cause to any person death or hurt or wrongful restraint, or fear of instant death or of instant hurt, or of instant wrongful restraint. When extortion is robbery   Extortion is “robbery” if the offender, at the time of committing the extortion, is in the presence of the person put in fear, and commits the extortion by putting that person in fear of instant death, of instant hurt, or of instant wrongful restraint to that person or to some other person, and, by so putting in fear, induces the person, so put in fear then and there to deliver up the thing extorted."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 17,
    "chapter_title": "robbery and dacoity",
    "Section": 391,
    "section_title": "Dacoity",
    "section_desc": "When five or more persons conjointly commit or attempt to commit a robbery, or where the whole number of persons conjointly committing or attempting to commit a robbery, and persons present and aiding such commission or attempt, amount to five or more, every person so committing, attempting or aiding, is said to commit “dacoity”."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 17,
    "chapter_title": "robbery and dacoity",
    "Section": 392,
    "section_title": "Punishment for robbery",
    "section_desc": "Whoever commits robbery shall be punished with rigorous imprisonment for a term which may extend to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine; and, if the robbery be committed on the highway between sunset and sunrise, the imprisonment may be extended to fourteen years."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 17,
    "chapter_title": "robbery and dacoity",
    "Section": 393,
    "section_title": "Attempt to commit robbery",
    "section_desc": "Whoever attempts to commit robbery shall be punished with rigorous imprisonment for a term which may extend to seven years, and shall also be liable to fine."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 17,
    "chapter_title": "robbery and dacoity",
    "Section": 394,
    "section_title": "Voluntarily causing hurt in committing robbery",
    "section_desc": "If any person, in committing or in attempting to commit robbery, voluntarily causes hurt, such person, and any other person jointly concerned in committing or attempting to commit such robbery, shall be punished with imprisonment for life, or with rigorous imprisonment for a term which may extend to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 17,
    "chapter_title": "robbery and dacoity",
    "Section": 395,
    "section_title": "Punishment for dacoity",
    "section_desc": "Whoever commits dacoity shall be punished with imprisonment for life, or with rigorous imprisonment for a term which may extend to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 17,
    "chapter_title": "robbery and dacoity",
    "Section": 396,
    "section_title": "Dacoity with murder",
    "section_desc": "If any one of five or more persons, who are conjointly committing dacoity, commits murder in so committing dacoity, every one of those persons shall be punished with death, or imprisonment for life, or rigorous imprisonment for a term which may extend to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 17,
    "chapter_title": "robbery and dacoity",
    "Section": 397,
    "section_title": "Robbery or dacoity, with attempt to cause death or grievous hurt",
    "section_desc": "If, at the time of committing robbery or dacoity, the offender uses any deadly weapon, or causes grievous hurt to any person, so attempts to cause death or grievous hurt to any person, the imprisonment with which such offender shall be punished shall not be less than seven years."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 17,
    "chapter_title": "robbery and dacoity",
    "Section": 398,
    "section_title": "Attempt to commit robbery or dacoity when armed with deadly weapon",
    "section_desc": "If, at the time of attempting to commit robbery or dacoity, the offender is armed with any deadly weapon, the imprisonment with which such offender shall be punished shall not be less than seven years."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 17,
    "chapter_title": "robbery and dacoity",
    "Section": 399,
    "section_title": "Making preparation to commit dacoity",
    "section_desc": "Whoever makes any preparation for committing dacoity, shall be punished with rigorous imprisonment for a term which may extend to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 17,
    "chapter_title": "robbery and dacoity",
    "Section": 400,
    "section_title": "Punishment for belonging to gang of dacoits",
    "section_desc": "Whoever, at any time after the passing of this Act, shall belong to a gang of persons associated for the purpose of habitually committing dacoity, shall be punished with imprisonment for life, or with rigorous imprisonment for a term which may extend to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 17,
    "chapter_title": "robbery and dacoity",
    "Section": 401,
    "section_title": "Punishment for belonging to gang of thieves",
    "section_desc": "Whoever, at any time after the passing of this Act, shall belong to any wandering or other gang of persons associated for the purpose of habitually committing theft or robbery, and not being a gang of thugs or dacoits, shall be punished with rigorous imprisonment for a term which may extend to seven years, and shall also be liable to fine."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 17,
    "chapter_title": "robbery and dacoity",
    "Section": 402,
    "section_title": "Assembling for purpose of committing dacoity",
    "section_desc": "Whoever, at any time after the passing of this Act, shall be one of five or more persons assembled for the purpose of committing dacoity, shall be punished with rigorous imprisonment for a term which may extend to seven years, and shall also be liable to fine."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 17,
    "chapter_title": "criminal misappropriation  property",
    "Section": 403,
    "section_title": "Dishonest misappropriation of property",
    "section_desc": "Whoever dishonestly misappropriates or converts to his own use any movable property, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to two years, or with fine, or with both."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 17,
    "chapter_title": "criminal misappropriation  property",
    "Section": 404,
    "section_title": "Dishonest misappropriation of property possessed by deceased person at the time of his death",
    "section_desc": "Whoever dishonestly misappropriates or converts to his own use property, knowing that such property was in the possession of a deceased person at the time of that person’s decease, and has not since been in the possession of any person legally entitled to such possession, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to three years, and shall also be liable to fine, and if the offender at the time of such person’s decease was employed by him as a clerk or servant, the imprisonment may extend to seven years."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 17,
    "chapter_title": "criminal breach  trust",
    "Section": 405,
    "section_title": "Criminal breach of trust",
    "section_desc": "Whoever, being in any manner entrusted with property, or with any dominion over property, dishonestly misappropriates or converts to his own use that property, or dishonestly uses or disposes off that property in violation of any direction of law prescribing the mode in which such trust is to be discharged, or of any legal contract, express or implied, which he has made touching the discharge of such trust, or wilfully suffers any other person so to do, commits “criminal breach of trust”."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 17,
    "chapter_title": "criminal breach  trust",
    "Section": 406,
    "section_title": "Punishment for criminal breach of trust",
    "section_desc": "Whoever commits criminal breach of trust shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to three years, or with fine, or with both."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 17,
    "chapter_title": "criminal breach  trust",
    "Section": 407,
    "section_title": "Criminal breach of trust by carrier, etc.",
    "section_desc": "Whoever, being entrusted with property as a carrier, wharfinger or warehouse-keeper, commits criminal breach of trust, in respect of such property, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to seven years, and shall also be liable to fine."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 17,
    "chapter_title": "criminal breach  trust",
    "Section": 408,
    "section_title": "Criminal breach of trust by clerk or servant",
    "section_desc": "Whoever, being a clerk or servant or employed as a clerk or servant, and being in any manner entrusted in such capacity with property, or with any dominion over property, commits criminal breach of trust in respect of that property, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to seven years, and shall also be liable to fine."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 17,
    "chapter_title": "criminal breach  trust",
    "Section": 409,
    "section_title": "Criminal breach of trust by public servant, or by banker, merchant or agent",
    "section_desc": "Whoever, being in any manner entrusted with property, or with any dominion over property in his capacity of a public servant or in the way of his business as a banker, merchant, factor, broker, attorney or agent, commits criminal breach of trust in respect of that property, shall be punished with imprisonment for life, or with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 17,
    "chapter_title": "the receiving  stolen property",
    "Section": 410,
    "section_title": "Stolen property",
    "section_desc": "Property, the possession whereof has been transferred by theft, or by extortion, or by robbery, and property which has been criminally misappropriated or in respect of which criminal breach of trust has been committed, is designated as “stolen property”, whether the transfer has been made, or the misappropriation or breach of trust has been committed, within or without India. But, if such property subsequently comes into the possession of a person legally entitled to the possession thereof, it then ceases to be stolen property."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 17,
    "chapter_title": "the receiving  stolen property",
    "Section": 411,
    "section_title": "Dishonestly receiving stolen property",
    "section_desc": "Whoever dishonestly receives or retains any stolen property, knowing or having reason to believe the same to be stolen property, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to three years, or with fine, or with both."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 17,
    "chapter_title": "the receiving  stolen property",
    "Section": 412,
    "section_title": "Dishonestly receiving property stolen in the commission of a dacoity",
    "section_desc": "Whoever dishonestly receives or retains any stolen property, the possession whereof he knows or has reason to believe to have been transferred by the commission of dacoity, or dishonestly receives from a person, whom he knows or has reason to believe to belong or to have belonged to a gang of dacoits, property which he knows or has reason to believe to have been stolen, shall be punished with imprisonment for life, or with rigorous imprisonment for a term which may extend to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 17,
    "chapter_title": "the receiving  stolen property",
    "Section": 413,
    "section_title": "Habitually dealing in stolen property",
    "section_desc": "Whoever habitually receives or deals in property which he knows or has reason to believe to be stolen property, shall be punished with imprisonment for life, or with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 17,
    "chapter_title": "the receiving  stolen property",
    "Section": 414,
    "section_title": "Assisting in concealment of stolen property",
    "section_desc": "Whoever voluntarily assists in concealing or disposing of or making away with property which he knows or has reason to believe to be stolen property, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to three years, or with fine, or with both."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 17,
    "chapter_title": "cheating",
    "Section": 415,
    "section_title": "Cheating",
    "section_desc": "Whoever, by deceiving any person, fraudulently or dishonestly induces the person so deceived to deliver any property to any person, or to consent that any person shall retain any property, or intentionally induces the person so deceived to do or omit to do anything which he would not do or omit if he were not so deceived, and which act or omission causes or is likely to cause damage or harm to that person in body, mind, reputation or property, is said to “cheat”."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 17,
    "chapter_title": "cheating",
    "Section": 416,
    "section_title": "Cheating by personation",
    "section_desc": "A person is said to “cheat by personation” if he cheats by pretending to be some other person, or by knowingly substituting one person for or another, or representing that he or any other person is a person other than he or such other person really is."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 17,
    "chapter_title": "cheating",
    "Section": 417,
    "section_title": "Punishment for cheating",
    "section_desc": "Whoever cheats shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to one year, or with fine, or with both."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 17,
    "chapter_title": "cheating",
    "Section": 418,
    "section_title": "Cheating with knowledge that wrongful loss may ensue to person whose interest offender is bound to protect",
    "section_desc": "Whoever cheats with the knowledge that he is likely thereby to cause wrongful loss to a person whose interest in the transaction to which the cheating relates, he was bound either by law, or by legal contract, to protect, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to three years, or with fine, or with both."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 17,
    "chapter_title": "cheating",
    "Section": 419,
    "section_title": "Punishment for cheating by personation",
    "section_desc": "Whoever cheats by personation shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to three years, or with fine, or with both."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 17,
    "chapter_title": "cheating",
    "Section": 420,
    "section_title": "Cheating and dishonestly inducing delivery of property",
    "section_desc": "Whoever cheats and thereby dishonestly induces the person deceived to deliver any property to any person, or to make, alter or destroy the whole or any part of a valuable security, or anything which is signed or sealed, and which is capable of being converted into a valuable security, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to seven years, and shall also be liable to fine."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 17,
    "chapter_title": "fraudulent deeds and dispositions  property",
    "Section": 421,
    "section_title": "Dishonest or fraudulent removal or concealment of property to prevent distribution among creditors",
    "section_desc": "Whoever dishonestly or fraudulently removes, conceals or delivers to any person, or transfers or causes to be transferred to any person, without adequate consideration, any property, intending thereby to prevent, or knowing it to be likely that he will thereby prevent the distribution of that property according to law among his creditors or the creditors of any other person, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to two years, or with fine, or with both."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 17,
    "chapter_title": "fraudulent deeds and dispositions  property",
    "Section": 422,
    "section_title": "Dishonestly or fraudulently preventing debt being available for creditors",
    "section_desc": "Whoever dishonestly or fraudulently prevents any debt or demand due to himself or to any other person from being made available according to law for payment of his debts or the debts of such other person, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to two years, or with fine, or with both."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 17,
    "chapter_title": "fraudulent deeds and dispositions  property",
    "Section": 423,
    "section_title": "Dishonest or fraudulent execution of deed of transfer containing false statement of consideration",
    "section_desc": "Whoever dishonestly or fraudulently signs, executes or becomes a party to any deed or instrument which purports to transfer or subject to any charge any property, or any interest therein, and which contains any false statement relating to the consideration for such transfer or charge, or relating to the person or persons for whose use or benefit it is really intended to operate, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to two years, or with fine, or with both."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 17,
    "chapter_title": "fraudulent deeds and dispositions  property",
    "Section": 424,
    "section_title": "Dishonest or fraudulent removal or concealment of property",
    "section_desc": "Whoever dishonestly or fraudulently conceals or removes any property of himself or any other person, or dishonestly or fraudulently assists in the concealment or removal thereof, or dishonestly releases any demand or claim to which he is entitled, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to two years, or with fine, or with both."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 17,
    "chapter_title": "mischief",
    "Section": 425,
    "section_title": "Mischief",
    "section_desc": "Whoever with intent to cause, or knowing that he is likely to cause, wrongful loss or damage to the public or to any person, causes the destruction of any property, or any such change in any property or in the situation thereof as destroys or diminishes its value or utility, or affects it injuriously, commits “mischief”."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 17,
    "chapter_title": "mischief",
    "Section": 426,
    "section_title": "Punishment for mischief",
    "section_desc": "Whoever commits mischief shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to three months, or with fine, or with both."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 17,
    "chapter_title": "mischief",
    "Section": 427,
    "section_title": "Mischief causing damage to the amount of fifty rupees",
    "section_desc": "Whoever commits mischief and thereby causes loss or damage to the amount of fifty rupees or upwards, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to two years, or with fine, or with both."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 17,
    "chapter_title": "mischief",
    "Section": 428,
    "section_title": "Mischief by killing or maiming animal of the value of ten rupees",
    "section_desc": "Whoever commits mischief by killing, poisoning, maiming or rendering useless any animals or animal of the value of the ten rupees or upwards, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to two years, or with fine, or with both."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 17,
    "chapter_title": "mischief",
    "Section": 429,
    "section_title": "Mischief by killing or maiming cattle, etc., of any value or any animal of the value of fifty rupees",
    "section_desc": "Whoever commits mischief by killing, poisoning, maiming or rendering useless, any elephant, camel, horse, mule, buffalo, bull, cow or ox, whatever may be the value thereof, of any other animal of the value of fifty rupees or upwards, shall be punished with imprisonment or either description for a term which may extend to five years, or with fine, or with both."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 17,
    "chapter_title": "mischief",
    "Section": 430,
    "section_title": "Mischief by injury to works of irrigation or by wrongfully diverting water",
    "section_desc": "Whoever commits mischief by doing any act which causes, or which he knows to be likely to cause, a diminution of the supply of water for agricultural purposes, or for food or drink for human beings or for animals which are property, or for cleanliness or for carrying on any manufacture, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to five years, or with fine, or with both."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 17,
    "chapter_title": "mischief",
    "Section": 431,
    "section_title": "Mischief by injury to public road, bridge, river or channel",
    "section_desc": "Whoever commits mischief by doing any act which renders or which he knows to be likely to render any public road, bridge, navigable river or navigable channel, natural or artificial, impassable or less safe for travelling or conveying property, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to five years, or with fine, or with both."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 17,
    "chapter_title": "mischief",
    "Section": 432,
    "section_title": "Mischief by causing inundation or obstruction to public drainage attended with damage",
    "section_desc": "Whoever commits mischief by doing any act which causes or which he knows to be likely to cause an inundation or an obstruction to any public drainage attended with injury or damage, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to five years, or with fine, or with both."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 17,
    "chapter_title": "mischief",
    "Section": 433,
    "section_title": "Mischief by destroying, moving or rendering less useful a light-house or sea-mark",
    "section_desc": "Whoever commits mischief by destroying or moving any light-house or other light used as a sea-mark, or any sea-mark or buoy or other thing placed as a guide for navigators, or by any act which renders any such light-house, sea-mark, buoy or other such thing as aforesaid less useful as a guide for navigators, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to seven years, or with fine, or with both."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 17,
    "chapter_title": "mischief",
    "Section": 434,
    "section_title": "Mischief by destroying or moving, etc., a land-mark fixed by public authority",
    "section_desc": "Whoever commits mischief by destroying or moving any land-mark fixed by the authority of a public servant, or by any act which renders such land-mark less useful as such, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to one year, or with fine, or with both."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 17,
    "chapter_title": "mischief",
    "Section": 435,
    "section_title": "Mischief by fire or explosive substance with intent to cause damage to amount of one hundred or (in case of agricultural produce) ten rupees",
    "section_desc": "Whoever commits mischief by fire or any explosive substance intending to cause, or knowing it to be likely that he will thereby cause, damage to any property to the amount of one hundred rupees or upwards or (where the property is agricultural produce) ten rupees or upwards, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to seven years and shall also be liable to fine."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 17,
    "chapter_title": "mischief",
    "Section": 436,
    "section_title": "Mischief by fire or explosive substance with intent destroy house, etc.",
    "section_desc": "Whoever commits mischief by fire or any explosive substance, intending to cause, or knowing it to be likely that he will thereby cause the destruction of any building which is ordinarily used as a place of worship or as a human dwelling or as a place for the custody of property, shall be punished with imprisonment for life, or with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 17,
    "chapter_title": "mischief",
    "Section": 437,
    "section_title": "Mischief with intent to destroy or make unsafe a decked vessel or one of twenty tons burden",
    "section_desc": "Whoever commits mischief to any decked vessel or any vessel of a burden of twenty tons or upwards, intending to destroy or render unsafe, or knowing it to be likely that he will thereby destroy or render unsafe, that vessel, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 17,
    "chapter_title": "mischief",
    "Section": 438,
    "section_title": "Punishment for the mischief described in section 437 committed by fire or explosive substance",
    "section_desc": "Whoever commits, or attempts to commit, by fire or any explosive substance, such mischief as is described in the last preceding section. shall be punished with imprisonment for life. or with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 17,
    "chapter_title": "mischief",
    "Section": 439,
    "section_title": "Punishment for intentionally running vessel aground or ashore with intent to commit theft, etc.",
    "section_desc": "Whoever intentionally runs any vessel aground or ashore, intending to commit theft of any property contained therein or to dishonestly misappropriate any such property, or with intent that such theft or misappropriation of property may be committed, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 17,
    "chapter_title": "mischief",
    "Section": 440,
    "section_title": "Mischief committed after preparation made for causing death or hurt",
    "section_desc": "Whoever commits mischief, having made preparation for causing to any person death, or hurt, or wrongful restraint, or fear of death, or hurt, or of wrongful restraint, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to five years, and shall also be liable to fine."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 17,
    "chapter_title": "criminal trespass",
    "Section": 441,
    "section_title": "Criminal trespass",
    "section_desc": "Whoever enters into or upon property in the possession of another with intent to commit an offence or to intimidate, insult or annoy any person in possession of such property, or having lawfully entered into or upon such property, unlawfully remains there with intent thereby to intimidate, insult or annoy any such person, or with intent to commit an offence, is said to commit “criminal trespass”."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 17,
    "chapter_title": "criminal trespass",
    "Section": 442,
    "section_title": "House-trespass",
    "section_desc": "Whoever commits criminal trespass by entering into or remaining in any building, tent or vessel used as a human dwelling or any building used as a place for worship, or as a place for the custody of property, is said to commit “house-trespass”."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 17,
    "chapter_title": "criminal trespass",
    "Section": 443,
    "section_title": "Lurking house-trespass",
    "section_desc": "Whoever commits house-trespass having taken precautions to conceal such house-trespass from some person who has a right to exclude or eject the trespasser from the building, tent or vessel which is the subject of the trespass, is said to commit “lurking house-trespass”."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 17,
    "chapter_title": "criminal trespass",
    "Section": 444,
    "section_title": "Lurking house-trespass by night",
    "section_desc": "Whoever commits lurking house-trespass after sunset and before sunrise, is said to commit “lurking house-trespass by night”."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 17,
    "chapter_title": "criminal trespass",
    "Section": 445,
    "section_title": "House-breaking",
    "section_desc": "A person is said to commit “house-breaking” who commits house-trespass if he effects his entrance into the house or any part of it in any of the six ways hereinafter described;"
  },
  {
    "chapter": 17,
    "chapter_title": "criminal trespass",
    "Section": 446,
    "section_title": "House-breaking by night",
    "section_desc": "Whoever commits house-breaking after sunset and before sunrise, is said to commit “house-breaking by night”."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 17,
    "chapter_title": "criminal trespass",
    "Section": 447,
    "section_title": "Punishment for criminal trespass",
    "section_desc": "Whoever commits criminal trespass shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to three months, or with fine which may extend to five hundred rupees, or with both."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 17,
    "chapter_title": "criminal trespass",
    "Section": 448,
    "section_title": "Punishment for house-trespass",
    "section_desc": "Whoever commits house-trespass shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to one year, or with fine which may extend to one thousand rupees, or with both."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 17,
    "chapter_title": "criminal trespass",
    "Section": 449,
    "section_title": "House-trespass in order to commit offence punishable with death",
    "section_desc": "Whoever commits house-trespass in order to the committing of any offence punishable with death, shall be punished with imprisonment for life, or with rigorous imprisonment for a term not exceeding ten years, and shall also be liable to fine."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 17,
    "chapter_title": "criminal trespass",
    "Section": 450,
    "section_title": "House-trespass in order to commit offence punishable with imprisonment for life",
    "section_desc": "Whoever commits house-trespass in order to the committing of any offence punishable with imprisonment for life, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term not exceeding ten years, and shall also be liable to fine."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 17,
    "chapter_title": "criminal trespass",
    "Section": 451,
    "section_title": "House-trespass in order to commit offence punishable with imprisonment",
    "section_desc": "Whoever commits house-trespass in order to the committing of any offence punishable with imprisonment, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to two years, and shall also be liable to fine;"
  },
  {
    "chapter": 17,
    "chapter_title": "criminal trespass",
    "Section": 452,
    "section_title": "House-trespass after preparation for hurt, assault or wrongful restraint",
    "section_desc": "Whoever commits house-trespass, having made preparation for causing hurt to any person or for assaulting any person, or for wrongfully restraining any person, or for putting and person in fear of hurt, or of assault, or of wrongful restraint, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to seven years, and shall also be liable to fine."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 17,
    "chapter_title": "criminal trespass",
    "Section": 453,
    "section_title": "Punishment for lurking house-trespass or house-breaking",
    "section_desc": "Whoever commits lurking house-trespass or house-breaking, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to two years, and shall also be liable to fine."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 17,
    "chapter_title": "criminal trespass",
    "Section": 454,
    "section_title": "Lurking house-trespass or house-breaking in order to commit offence punishable with imprisonment",
    "section_desc": "Whoever commits lurking house-trespass or house-breaking, in order to the committing of any offence punishable with imprisonment, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to three years, and shall also be liable to fine;"
  },
  {
    "chapter": 17,
    "chapter_title": "criminal trespass",
    "Section": 455,
    "section_title": "Lurking house-trespass or house-breaking after preparation for hurt, assault or wrongful restraint",
    "section_desc": "Whoever commits lurking house-trespass, or house-breaking, having made preparation for causing hurt to any person, or for assaulting any person, or for wrongfully restraining any person, or for putting any person in fear of hurt or of assault or of wrongful restraint, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description or a term which may extend to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 17,
    "chapter_title": "criminal trespass",
    "Section": 456,
    "section_title": "Punishment for lurking house-trespass or house-breaking by night",
    "section_desc": "Whoever commits lurking house-trespass by night, or house-breaking by night, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to three years, and shall also be liable to fine."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 17,
    "chapter_title": "criminal trespass",
    "Section": 457,
    "section_title": "Lurking house-trespass or house-breaking by night in order to commit offence punishable with imprisonment",
    "section_desc": "Whoever commits lurking house-trespass by night, or house-breaking by night in order to the committing of any offence punishable with imprisonment, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to five years, and shall also be liable to fine;"
  },
  {
    "chapter": 17,
    "chapter_title": "criminal trespass",
    "Section": 458,
    "section_title": "Lurking house-trespass or house-breaking by night after preparation for hurt, assault, or wrongful restraint",
    "section_desc": "Whoever commits lurking house-trespass by night, or house-breaking by night, having made preparation for causing hurt to any person or for assaulting any person, or for wrongfully restraining any person, or for putting any person in fear of hurt, or of assault, or of wrongful restraint, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to fourteen years, and shall also be liable to fine."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 17,
    "chapter_title": "criminal trespass",
    "Section": 459,
    "section_title": "Grievous hurt caused whilst committing lurking house-trespass or house-breaking",
    "section_desc": "Whoever, whilst committing lurking house-trespass or house-breaking, causes grievous hurt to any person or attempts to cause death or grievous hurt to any person, shall be punished with imprisonment for life, or imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 17,
    "chapter_title": "criminal trespass",
    "Section": 460,
    "section_title": "All persons jointly concerned in lurking house-trespass or house-breaking by night punishable where death or grievous hurt caused by one of them",
    "section_desc": "If at the time of the committing of lurking house-trespass by night or house-breaking by night, any person guilty of such offence shall voluntarily cause or attempt to cause death or grievous hurt to any person, every person jointly concerned in committing such lurking house-trespass by night or house-breaking by night, shall be punished with imprisonment for life, or with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 17,
    "chapter_title": "criminal trespass",
    "Section": 461,
    "section_title": "Dishonestly breaking open receptacle containing property",
    "section_desc": "Whoever dishonestly or with intent to commit mischief, breaks open or unfastens any closed receptacle which contains or which he believes to contain property, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to two years, or with fine, or with both."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 17,
    "chapter_title": "criminal trespass",
    "Section": 462,
    "section_title": "Punishment for same offence when committed by person entrusted with custody",
    "section_desc": "Whoever, being entrusted with any closed receptacle which contains or which he believes to contain property without having authority to open the same, dishonestly, or with intent to commit mischief, breaks open or unfastens that receptacle, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to three years, or with fine, or with both."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 18,
    "chapter_title": "offences relating to documents and to property marks",
    "Section": 463,
    "section_title": "Forgery",
    "section_desc": "Whoever makes any false document or false electronic record or part of a document or electronic record with intent to cause damage or injury, to the public or to any person, or to support any claim or title, or to cause any person to part with property, or to enter into any express or implied contract, or with intent to commit fraud or that fraud may be committed, commits forgery."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 18,
    "chapter_title": "offences relating to documents and to property marks",
    "Section": 464,
    "section_title": "Making a false document",
    "section_desc": "A person is said to make a false document or false electronic record:"
  },
  {
    "chapter": 18,
    "chapter_title": "offences relating to documents and to property marks",
    "Section": 465,
    "section_title": "Punishment for forgery",
    "section_desc": "Whoever commits forgery shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to two years, or with fine, or with both."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 18,
    "chapter_title": "offences relating to documents and to property marks",
    "Section": 466,
    "section_title": "Forgery of record of Court or of public register, etc.",
    "section_desc": "Whoever forges a document or electronic record, purporting to be a record or proceeding of or in a Court of Justice, or a register of birth, baptism, marriage or burial, or a register kept by a public servant as such, or a certificate or document purporting to be made by a public servant in his official capacity, or an authority to institute or defend a suit, or to take any proceedings therein, or to confess judgment, or a power of attorney, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to seven years, and shall also be liable to fine."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 18,
    "chapter_title": "offences relating to documents and to property marks",
    "Section": 467,
    "section_title": "Forgery of valuable security, will, etc.",
    "section_desc": "Whoever forges a document which purports to be a valuable security or a will, or an authority to adopt a son, or which purports to give authority to any person to make or transfer any valuable security, or to receive the principal, interest or dividends thereon, or to receive or deliver any money, movable property, or valuable security, or any document purporting to be an acquittance or receipt acknowledging the payment of money, or an acquittance or receipt for the delivery of any movable property or valuable security, shall be punished with imprisonment for life, or with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 18,
    "chapter_title": "offences relating to documents and to property marks",
    "Section": 468,
    "section_title": "Forgery for purpose of cheating",
    "section_desc": "Whoever commits forgery, intending that the document or electronic record forged shall be used for the purpose of cheating, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to seven years, and shall also be liable to fine."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 18,
    "chapter_title": "offences relating to documents and to property marks",
    "Section": 469,
    "section_title": "Forgery for purpose of harming reputation",
    "section_desc": "Whoever commits forgery, intending that the document or electronic record forged shall harm the reputation of any party, or knowing that it is likely to be used for that purpose, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to three years, and shall also be liable to fine."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 18,
    "chapter_title": "offences relating to documents and to property marks",
    "Section": 470,
    "section_title": "Forged document",
    "section_desc": "A false document or electronic record made wholly or in part by forgery is designated “a forged document or electronic record”."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 18,
    "chapter_title": "offences relating to documents and to property marks",
    "Section": 471,
    "section_title": "Using as genuine a forged document",
    "section_desc": "Whoever fraudulently or dishonestly uses as genuine any document which he knows or has reason to believe to be a forged document, shall be punished in the same manner as if he had forged such document."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 18,
    "chapter_title": "offences relating to documents and to property marks",
    "Section": 472,
    "section_title": "Making or possessing counterfeit seal, etc., with intent to commit forgery punishable under section 467",
    "section_desc": "Whoever makes or counterfeits any seal, plate or other instrument for making an impression, intending that the same shall be used for the purpose of committing any forgery which would be punishable under section 467 of this Code, or, with such intent, has in his possession any such seal, plate or other instrument, knowing the same to be counterfeit, shall be punishable with imprisonment for life, or with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to seven years, and shall also be liable to fine."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 18,
    "chapter_title": "offences relating to documents and to property marks",
    "Section": 473,
    "section_title": "Making or possessing counterfeit seal, etc., with intent to commit forgery punishable otherwise",
    "section_desc": "Whoever makes or counterfeits any seal, plate or other instrument for making an impression, intending that the same shall be used for the purpose of committing any forgery which would be punishable under any section of this Chapter other than section 467, or, with such intent, has in his possession any such seal, plate or other instrument, knowing the same to be counterfeit, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to seven years, and shall also be liable to fine."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 18,
    "chapter_title": "offences relating to documents and to property marks",
    "Section": 474,
    "section_title": "Having possession of document described in section 466 or 467, knowing it to be forged and intending to use it genuine",
    "section_desc": "Whoever has in his possession any document or electronic record, knowing the same to be forged, and intending that the same shall fraudulently or dishonestly be used as genuine, shall, if the document or electronic record is one of the description mentioned in section 466 of this Code, be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to seven years, and shall also be liable to fine;"
  },
  {
    "chapter": 18,
    "chapter_title": "offences relating to documents and to property marks",
    "Section": 475,
    "section_title": "Counterfeiting device or mark used for authenticating documents described in section 467, or possessing counterfeit marked material",
    "section_desc": "Whoever counterfeits upon, or in the substance of, any material, any device or mark used for the purpose of authenticating any document described in section 467 of this Code, intending that such device or mark shall be used for the purpose of giving the appearance of authenticity to any document then forged or thereafter to be forged on such material, or who, with such intent, has in his possession any material upon or in the substance of which any such device or mark has been counterfeited, shall be punished with imprisonment for life, or with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to seven years, and shall also be liable to fine."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 18,
    "chapter_title": "offences relating to documents and to property marks",
    "Section": 476,
    "section_title": "Counterfeiting device or mark used for authenticating documents other than those described in section 467, or possessing counterfeit marked material",
    "section_desc": "Whoever counterfeits upon, or in the substance of, any material, any device or mark used for the purpose of authenticating any document or electronic record other than the documents described in section 467 of this Code, intending that such device or mark shall be used for the purpose of giving the appearance of authenticity to any document then forged or thereafter to be forged on such material, or who with such intent, has in his possession any material upon or in the substance of which any such device or mark has been counterfeited, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to seven years, and shall also be liable to fine."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 18,
    "chapter_title": "offences relating to documents and to property marks",
    "Section": 477,
    "section_title": "Fraudulent cancellation, destruction, etc., of will, authority to adopt, or valuable security",
    "section_desc": "Whoever fraudulently or dishonestly, or with intent to cause damage or injury to the public or to any person, cancels, destroys or defaces, or attempts to cancel, destroy or deface, or secretes or attempts to secrete any document which is or purports to be a will, or an authority to adopt a son, or any valuable security, or commits mischief in respect of such document, shall be punished with imprisonment for life, or with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to seven years, and shall also be liable to fine."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 18,
    "chapter_title": "offences relating to documents and to property marks",
    "Section": "477A",
    "section_title": "Falsification of accounts",
    "section_desc": "Whoever, being a clerk, officer or servant, or employed or acting in the capacity of a clerk, officer or servant, wilfully, and with intent to defraud, destroys, alters, mutilates or falsifies any book, electronic record, paper, writing, valuable security or account which belongs to or is in the possession of his employer, or has been received by him for or on behalf of his employer, or wilfully, and with intent to defraud, makes or abets the making of any false entry in, or omits or alters or abets the omission or alteration of any material particular from or in any such book, electronic record, paper, writing, valuable security or account, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to seven years, or with fine, or with both."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 18,
    "chapter_title": "offences relating to documents and to property marks",
    "Section": 478,
    "section_title": "Trade Mark.",
    "section_desc": "Repealed by the Trade and Merchandise Marks Act, 1958 (43 of 1958), S. 135 and Sch."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 18,
    "chapter_title": "offences relating to documents and to property marks",
    "Section": 479,
    "section_title": "Property mark",
    "section_desc": "A mark used for denoting that movable property belongs to a particular person is called a property mark."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 18,
    "chapter_title": "offences relating to documents and to property marks",
    "Section": 480,
    "section_title": "Using a false trade mark.",
    "section_desc": "Repealed by the Trade and Merchandise Marks Act, 1958 (43 of 1958), S. 135 and Sch."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 18,
    "chapter_title": "offences relating to documents and to property marks",
    "Section": 481,
    "section_title": "Using a false property mark",
    "section_desc": "Whoever marks any movable property or goods or any case, package or other receptacle containing movable property or goods, or uses any case, package or other receptacle having any mark thereon, in a manner reasonably calculated to cause it to be believed that the property or goods so marked, or any property or goods contained in any such receptacle so marked, belong to a person to whom they do not belong, is said to use a false property mark."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 18,
    "chapter_title": "offences relating to documents and to property marks",
    "Section": 482,
    "section_title": "Punishment for using a false property mark",
    "section_desc": "Whoever uses any false property mark shall, unless he proves that he acted without intent to defraud, be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to one year, or with fine, or with both."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 18,
    "chapter_title": "offences relating to documents and to property marks",
    "Section": 483,
    "section_title": "Counterfeiting a property mark used by another",
    "section_desc": "Whoever counterfeits any property mark used by any other person shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to two years, or with fine, or with both."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 18,
    "chapter_title": "offences relating to documents and to property marks",
    "Section": 484,
    "section_title": "Counterfeiting a mark used by a public servant",
    "section_desc": "Whoever counterfeits any property mark used by a public servant, or any mark used by a public servant to denote that any property has been manufactured by a particular person or at a particular time or place, or that the property is of a particular quality or has passed through a particular office, or that it is entitled to any exemption, or uses as genuine any such mark knowing the same to be counterfeit, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to three years, and shall also be liable to fine."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 18,
    "chapter_title": "offences relating to documents and to property marks",
    "Section": 485,
    "section_title": "Making or possession of any instrument for counterfeiting a property mark",
    "section_desc": "Whoever makes or has in his possession any die, plate or other instrument for the purpose of counterfeiting a proper mark, or has in his possession a property mark for the purpose of denoting that any goods belong to a person to whom they do not belong, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to three years, or with fine, or with both."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 18,
    "chapter_title": "offences relating to documents and to property marks",
    "Section": 486,
    "section_title": "Selling goods marked with a counterfeit property mark",
    "section_desc": "Whoever sells, or exposes, or has in possession for sale, any goods or things with a counterfeit property mark affixed to or impressed upon the same or to or upon any case, package or other receptacle in which such goods are contained, shall, unless he proves:"
  },
  {
    "chapter": 18,
    "chapter_title": "offences relating to documents and to property marks",
    "Section": 487,
    "section_title": "Making a false mark upon any receptacle containing goods",
    "section_desc": "Whoever makes any false mark upon any case, package or other receptacle containing goods, in a manner reasonably calculated to cause any public servant or any other person to believe that such receptacle contains goods which it does not contain or that it does not contain goods which it does contain, \nOr that the goods contained in such receptacle are of a nature or quality different from the real nature or quality thereof, shall, unless he proves that he acted without intent to defraud, be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to three years, or with fine, or with both."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 18,
    "chapter_title": "offences relating to documents and to property marks",
    "Section": 488,
    "section_title": "Punishment for making use of any such false mark",
    "section_desc": "Whoever makes use of any such false mark in any manner prohibited by the last foregoing section shall, unless he proves that he acted without intent to defraud, be punished as if he had committed an offence against that section."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 18,
    "chapter_title": "offences relating to documents and to property marks",
    "Section": 489,
    "section_title": "Tampering with property mark with intent to cause injury",
    "section_desc": "Whoever removes, destroys, defaces or adds to any property mark, intending or knowing it to be likely that he may thereby cause injury to any person, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to one year, or with fine, or with both."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 18,
    "chapter_title": "currency-notes and bank-notes",
    "Section": "489A",
    "section_title": "Counterfeiting currency-notes or bank-notes",
    "section_desc": "Whoever counterfeits, or knowingly performs any part of the process of counterfeiting, any currency-note or bank-note, shall be punished with imprisonment for life, or with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 18,
    "chapter_title": "currency-notes and bank-notes",
    "Section": "489B",
    "section_title": "Using as genuine, forged or counterfeit currency-notes or bank-notes",
    "section_desc": "Whoever sells to, or buys or receives from, any other person, or otherwise traffics in or uses as genuine, any forged or counterfeit currency-note or bank-note, knowing or having reason to believe the same to be forged or counterfeit, shall be punished with imprisonment for life, or with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 18,
    "chapter_title": "currency-notes and bank-notes",
    "Section": "489C",
    "section_title": "Possession of forged or counterfeit currency-notes or bank-notes",
    "section_desc": "Whoever has in his possession any forged or counterfeit currency-note or bank-note, knowing or having reason to believe the same to be forged or counterfeit and intending to use the same as genuine or that it may be used as genuine, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to seven years, or with fine, or with both."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 18,
    "chapter_title": "currency-notes and bank-notes",
    "Section": "489D",
    "section_title": "Making or possessing instruments or materials for forging or counterfeiting currency notes or bank-notes",
    "section_desc": "Whoever makes, or performs any part of the process of making, or buys of sells or disposes of, or has in his possession, any machinery, instrument of material for the purpose of being used, or knowing or having reason to believe that it is intended to be used, for forging or counterfeiting any currency-note or bank-note, shall be punished with imprisonment for life, or with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 18,
    "chapter_title": "currency-notes and bank-notes",
    "Section": "489E",
    "section_title": "Making or using documents resembling currency-notes or bank-notes",
    "section_desc": "Whoever makes, or causes to be made, or uses for any purpose whatsoever, or delivers to any person, any document purporting to be, or in any way resembling, or so nearly resembling as to be calculated to deceive, any currency-note or bank-note shall be punished with fine which may extend to one hundred rupees.\nIf any person, whose name appears on a document the making of which is an offence under sub-section (1), refuses, without lawful excuse, to disclose to a police-officer on being so required the name and address of the person by whom it was printed or otherwise made, he shall be punished with fine which may extend to two hundred rupees.\nWhere the name of any person appears on any document in respect of which any person is charged with an offence under sub-section (1) or on any other document used or distributed in connection with that document it may, until the contrary is proved, be presumed that that person caused the document to be made."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 19,
    "chapter_title": "the criminal breach  contracts  service",
    "Section": 490,
    "section_title": "Breach of contract of service during voyage or journey.",
    "section_desc": "Repealed by the Workmen’s Breach of Contract (Repealing) Act, 1925 (3 of 1925), S. 2 and Sch."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 19,
    "chapter_title": "the criminal breach  contracts  service",
    "Section": 491,
    "section_title": "Breach of contract to attend on and supply wants of helpless persons",
    "section_desc": "Whoever, being bound by a lawful contract to attend on or to supply the wants of any person who, by reason of youth, or of unsoundness of mind, or of a disease or bodily weakness, is helpless or incapable of providing for his own safety or of supplying his own wants, voluntarily omits so to do, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to three months, or with fine which may extend to two hundred rupees, or with both."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 19,
    "chapter_title": "the criminal breach  contracts  service",
    "Section": 492,
    "section_title": "Breach of contract to serve at distant place to which servant is conveyed at master",
    "section_desc": "Repealed by the Workmen’s Breach of Contract (Repealing) Act, 1925 (3 of 1925), S. 2 and Sch."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 20,
    "chapter_title": "offences relating to marriage",
    "Section": 493,
    "section_title": "Cohabitation caused by a man deceitfully inducing a belief of lawful marriage",
    "section_desc": "Every man who by deceit causes any woman who is not lawfully married to him to believe that she is lawfully married to him and to cohabit or have sexual intercourse with him in that belief, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 20,
    "chapter_title": "offences relating to marriage",
    "Section": 494,
    "section_title": "Marrying again during lifetime of husband or wife",
    "section_desc": "Whoever, having a husband or wife living, marries in any case in which such marriage is void by reason of its taking place during the life of such husband or wife, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to seven years, and shall also be liable to fine."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 20,
    "chapter_title": "offences relating to marriage",
    "Section": 495,
    "section_title": "Same offence with concealment of former marriage from person with whom subsequent marriage is contracted",
    "section_desc": "Whoever commits the offence defined in the last preceding section having concealed from the person with whom the subsequent marriage is contracted, the fact of the former marriage, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 20,
    "chapter_title": "offences relating to marriage",
    "Section": 496,
    "section_title": "Marriage ceremony fraudulently gone through without lawful marriage",
    "section_desc": "Whoever, dishonestly or with a fraudulent intention, goes through the ceremony of being married, knowing that he is not thereby lawfully married, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to seven years, and shall also be liable to fine."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 20,
    "chapter_title": "offences relating to marriage",
    "Section": 497,
    "section_title": "Adultery",
    "section_desc": "Whoever has sexual intercourse with a person who is and whom he knows or has reason to believe to be the wife of another man, without the consent or connivance of that man, such sexual intercourse not amounting to the offence of rape, is guilty of the offence of adultery, and shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to five years, or with fine, or with both. In such case the wife shall not be punishable as an abettor."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 20,
    "chapter_title": "offences relating to marriage",
    "Section": 498,
    "section_title": "Enticing or taking away or detaining with criminal intent a married woman",
    "section_desc": "Whoever takes or entices away any woman who is and whom he knows or has reason to believe to be the wife of any other man, from that man, or from any person having the care of her on behalf of that man, with intent that she may have illicit intercourse with any person, or conceals or detains with that intent any such woman, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to two years, or with fine, or with both."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 20,
    "chapter_title": "cruelty by husband or relatives  husband",
    "Section": "498A",
    "section_title": "Husband or relative of husband of a woman subjecting her to cruelty",
    "section_desc": "Whoever, being the husband or the relative of the husband of a woman, subjects such woman to cruelty shall be punished with imprisonment for a term which may extend to three years and shall also be liable to fine."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 21,
    "chapter_title": "defamation",
    "Section": 499,
    "section_title": "Defamation",
    "section_desc": "Whoever by words either spoken or intended to be read, or by signs or by visible representations, makes or publishes any imputation concerning any person intending to harm, or knowing or having reason to believe that such imputation will harm, the reputation of such person, is said, except in the cases hereinafter excepted, to defame that person."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 21,
    "chapter_title": "defamation",
    "Section": 500,
    "section_title": "Punishment for defamation",
    "section_desc": "Whoever defames another shall be punished with simple imprisonment for a term which may extend to two years, or with fine, or with both."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 21,
    "chapter_title": "defamation",
    "Section": 501,
    "section_title": "Printing or engraving matter known to be defamatory",
    "section_desc": "Whoever prints or engraves any matter, knowing or having good reason to believe that such matter is defamatory of any person, shall be punished with simple imprisonment for a term which may extend to two years, or with fine, or with both."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 21,
    "chapter_title": "defamation",
    "Section": 502,
    "section_title": "Sale of printed or engraved substance containing defamatory matter",
    "section_desc": "Whoever sells or offers for sale any printed or engraved substance containing defamatory matter, knowing that it contains such matter, shall be punished with simple imprisonment for a term which may extend to two years, or with fine, or with both."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 22,
    "chapter_title": "criminal intimidation, insult and annoyance",
    "Section": 503,
    "section_title": "Criminal intimidation",
    "section_desc": "Whoever threatens another with any injury to his person, reputation or property, or to the person or reputation of any one in whom that person is interested, with intent to cause alarm to that person, or to cause that person to do any act which he is not legally bound to do, or to omit to do any act which that person is legally entitled to do, as the means of avoiding the execution of such threat, commits criminal intimidation."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 22,
    "chapter_title": "criminal intimidation, insult and annoyance",
    "Section": 504,
    "section_title": "Intentional insult with intent to provoke breach of the peace",
    "section_desc": "Whoever intentionally insults, and thereby gives provocation to any person, intending or knowing it to be likely that such provocation will cause him to break the public peace, or to commit any other offence, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to two years, or with fine, or with both."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 22,
    "chapter_title": "criminal intimidation, insult and annoyance",
    "Section": 505,
    "section_title": "Statements conducing public mischief",
    "section_desc": "Whoever commits an offence specified in sub-section (2) in any place of worship or in any assembly engaged in the performance of religious worship or religious ceremonies, shall be punished with imprisonment which may extend to five years and shall also be liable to fine."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 22,
    "chapter_title": "criminal intimidation, insult and annoyance",
    "Section": 506,
    "section_title": "Punishment for criminal intimidation",
    "section_desc": "Whoever commits the offence of criminal intimidation shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to two years, or with fine, or with both;"
  },
  {
    "chapter": 22,
    "chapter_title": "criminal intimidation, insult and annoyance",
    "Section": 507,
    "section_title": "Criminal intimidation by an anonymous communication",
    "section_desc": "Whoever commits the offence of criminal intimidation by an anonymous communication, or having taken precaution to conceal the name or abode of the person from whom the threat comes, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to two years, in addition to the punishment provided for the offence by the last preceding section."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 22,
    "chapter_title": "criminal intimidation, insult and annoyance",
    "Section": 508,
    "section_title": "Act caused by inducing person to believe that he will be rendered an object of the Divine displeasure",
    "section_desc": "Whoever voluntarily causes or attempts to cause any person to do anything which that person is not legally bound to do, or to omit to do anything which he is legally entitled to do, by inducing or attempting to induce that person to believe that he or any person in whom he is interested will become or will be rendered by some act of the offender an object of Divine displeasure if he does not do the thing which it is the object of the offender to cause him to do, or if he does the thing which it is the object of the offender to cause him to omit, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to one year, or with fine, or with both."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 22,
    "chapter_title": "criminal intimidation, insult and annoyance",
    "Section": 509,
    "section_title": "Word, gesture or act intended to insult the modesty of a woman",
    "section_desc": "Whoever, intending to insult the modesty of any woman, utters any word, makes any sound or gesture, or exhibits any object, intending that such word or sound shall be heard, or that such gesture or object shall be seen, by such woman, or intrudes upon the privacy of such woman, shall be punished with simple imprisonment for a term which may extend to three years, and also with fine1."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 22,
    "chapter_title": "criminal intimidation, insult and annoyance",
    "Section": 510,
    "section_title": "Misconduct in public by a drunken person",
    "section_desc": "Whoever, in a state of intoxication, appears in any public place, or in any place which it is a trespass in him to enter, and there conducts himself in such a manner as to cause annoyance to any person, shall be punished with simple imprisonment for a term which may extend to twenty-four hours, or with fine which may extend to ten rupees, or with both."
  },
  {
    "chapter": 23,
    "chapter_title": "attempts  commit offences",
    "Section": 511,
    "section_title": "Punishment for attempting to commit offences punishable with imprisonment for life or other imprisonment",
    "section_desc": "Whoever attempts to commit an offence punishable by this Code with imprisonment for life or imprisonment, or to cause such an offence to be committed, and in such attempt does any act towards the commission of the offence, shall, where no express provision is made by this Code for the punishment of such attempt, be punished with imprisonment of any description provided for the offence, for a term which may extend to one-half of the imprisonment for life or, as the case may be, one-half of the longest term of imprisonment provided for that offence, or with such fine as is provided for the offence, or with both."
  }
]