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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<!-- Meta -->
<meta charset="utf-8" />
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge,chrome=1" />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0">
<meta name="description" content="Making Voices Heard | A study by the Centre for Internet and Society, India, supported by Mozilla Corporation" />
<!-- Title + CSS + Favicon -->
<title>Making Voices Heard</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/semantic.min.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/style.css">
<link rel="shortcut icon" type="image/x-icon" href="img/favicon.ico" />
<!-- Font Awesome -->
<script src="https://kit.fontawesome.com/4c415b9185.js" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
</head>
<body>
<!-- Header -->
<div class="">
<div class="ui fluid container banner">
<div class="banner-image" aria-label="Cats are shown as people using various devices including voice interfaces in shops and houses, with a central banner that shows the title ‘Making Voices Heard’."></div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- Top Navigation Bar -->
<div class="blue nav">
<div class="ui container">
<div class="nav-entries">
<span id="home-inactive">Home</span> <a href="#design-policy-brief">Design Brief</a> <a href="#design-policy-brief">Policy Brief</a> <a href="#mapping-actors">Mapping Actors</a> <a href="#case-studies">Case Studies</a> <a href="#literature-surveys">Literature Surveys</a> <a href="#resources">Resources</a> <span id="report"><a href="docs/MakingVoicesHeard_FullReport.pdf"><i class="fas fa-arrow-circle-down"></i> Get Full Report</a></span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- Design Brief and Policy Brief -->
<div class="grey" id="design-policy-brief">
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<div class="design-brief">
<h2>Design Brief</h2>
<img src="img/DesignBrief.jpg" style="margin-bottom: 10px;" width="100%" alt="A cat shown as a person is sitting in front of a computer designing web applications. The cat is wearing blinders and is unable to see the words ‘usability’, ‘accessibility’, ‘rights’, ‘privacy?’, ‘access?’, ‘user experience’, ‘exclusion?’, ‘languages’, ‘text’, ‘dark patterns?’ floating around."/>
<p id="lead"><a href="design-brief.html">The design brief documents best practices and interventions needed for developing inclusive voice interfaces for Indian languages which keep individuals as the centre, and respect privacy and accessibility needs.</a></p>
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</div>
<div class="six wide column">
<div class="policy-brief">
<h2>Policy Brief</h2>
<img src="img/PolicyBrief.jpg" style="margin-bottom: 10px;" width="100%" alt="Cats are shown as people working with a large machine that has levers to indicate accessibility, privacy, and languages."/>
<p id="lead"><a href="policy-brief.html">The policy brief looks at the policy interventions in the development and adoption of voice interfaces, through the lenses of privacy and data protection, inclusion of Indian languages, and accessibility for persons with disabilities.</a></p>
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</div>
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<!-- Mapping Actors -->
<div class="blue" id="mapping-actors">
<div class="ui container two column stackable grid">
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</div>
<div class="nine wide column">
<h2>Mapping Actors</h2>
<div id="image">
<img src="img/ActorsMappingInfographicCropped.jpg" width="90%" alt="A section of the infographic showing various actors in the voice industry in India."/>
</div>
</div>
<div class="five wide column" id="mapping-actors-desc">
<p id="lead"><a href="mapping-actors.html">To understand the landscape of voice technologies in India, we mapped 23 voice interface developers between 2019 and 2020.</a></p>
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</div>
</div>
<!-- Case Studies -->
<div class="grey" id="case-studies">
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<h2>Case Studies</h2>
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<div class="four wide column" id="case-studies-entries">
<img src="img/CaseStudy_CommonVoice.jpg" width="100%" alt="Various cats speaking into a microphone in different languages."/>
<p id="lead"><a href="common-voice.html">Common Voice</a></p>
<p>Common Voice is an open-source dataset of voice recordings in multiple languages that can be used to train speech-enabled applications.</p>
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<div class="one wide column empty">
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<div class="four wide column" id="case-studies-entries">
<img src="img/CaseStudy_IndicTTS.jpg" width="100%" alt="Cat shown as a woman in a saree using the text to speech function on a mobile phone."/>
<p id="lead"><a href="indic-tts.html">Indic TTS</a></p>
<p>The Indic TTS consortium was developed to create more Indic language speech data to reduce the data divide between English and Indian languages.</p>
</div>
<div class="one wide column empty">
</div>
<div class="four wide column" id="case-studies-entries">
<img src="img/CaseStudy_Niki.jpg" width="100%" alt="Cat shown as an older man speaking into a mobile phone in order to make a bill payment."/>
<p id="lead"><a href="niki.html">Niki</a></p>
<p>Niki is described as an “artificial intelligence powered conversational commerce startup”, that directly engages with the individual consumer.</p>
</div>
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</div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- Literature Surveys -->
<div class="yellow" id="literature-surveys">
<div class="ui container two column stackable grid">
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</div>
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<h2>Literature Surveys</h2>
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<div class="six wide column">
<h3><a href="evolution-typology.html">Evolution and Typology</a></h3>
<img src="img/LitSurvey_EvolutionTypology.jpg" style="border-radius: 50%; float: left; margin: 1em 3em 1em 0;" width="30%" alt="An illustration of a cat robot with a microphone."/>
<p style="margin: 2em 0 0 0;">This essay traces the evolution of voice interfaces, including some of its early antecedents and availability in current forms, to offer an outline of the development and adoption of voice technologies as we know them today.</p>
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</div>
<div class="six wide column" id="lit-survey-desc">
<h3><a href="accessibility-voice.html">Accessibility and Voice Interfaces</a></h3>
<img src="img/LitSurvey_Accessibility.jpg" style="border-radius: 50%; float: left; margin: 1em 3em 1em 0;" width="30%" alt="An illustration of a cat figure with outstretched limbs in a circle."/>
<p style="margin: 2em 0 0 0;">This essay evaluates developments in voice technologies from the perspective of accessibility for persons with disabilities (PwDs), its key challenges and learnings.</p>
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</div>
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<div class="six wide column" id="lit-survey-desc">
<h3><a href="languages-voice.html">Languages and Voice Interfaces</a></h3>
<img src="img/LitSurvey_Languages.jpg" style="border-radius: 50%; float: left; margin: 1em 3em 1em 0;" width="30%" alt="Speech bubbles containing text in a fictitious language."/>
<p style="margin: 2em 0 0 0;">This article looks at the possibilities and challenges of creating multilingual voice interfaces, with a focus on developments in adoption and use of Indian language voice data and services.</p>
</div>
<div class="two wide column empty">
</div>
<div class="six wide column" id="lit-survey-desc">
<h3><a href="privacy-voice.html">Privacy and Voice Interfaces</a></h3>
<img src="img/LitSurvey_Privacy.jpg" style="border-radius: 50%; float: left; margin: 1em 3em 1em 0;" width="30%" alt="An illustration of a half covered eye."/>
<p style="margin: 2em 0 0 0;">This essay examines questions of voice interfaces and privacy, with a focus on the collection and processing of voice data and concerns related to data regulation and surveillance.</p>
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</div>
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<!-- Resources -->
<div class="grey" id="resources">
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<h2>Resources</h2>
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<h4> </h4>
<p>Browse here for a selection of the latest research on voice interfaces, in India and across the world, and to download sections of the report.</p>
<p></p>
</div>
<div class="five wide column">
<h4>Report</h4>
<p><a href="docs/MozVoice_DesignBrief_02.pdf">Design Brief</a></p>
<p><a href="docs/MozVoice_PolicyBrief_02.pdf">Policy Brief</a></p>
<p><a href="docs/ActorsMappingInfographic_06b.pdf">Mapping Actors</a></p>
<p><a href="docs/MozVoice_CaseStudies_CV_02.pdf">Case Study: Common Voice</a></p>
<p><a href="docs/MozVoice_CaseStudies_IndicTTS_01.pdf">Case Study: Indic TTS</a></p>
<p><a href="docs/MozVoice_CaseStudies_Niki_02.pdf">Case Study: Niki</a></p>
<p><a href="docs/MozVoice_LitSurvey_Evolution_01.pdf">Literature Survey: Evolution and Typology</a></p>
<p><a href="docs/MozVoice_LitSurvey_Accessibility_01.pdf">Literature Survey: Accessibility and Voice Interfaces</a></p>
<p><a href="docs/MozVoice_LitSurvey_Languages_01.pdf">Literature Survey: Languages and Voice Interfaces</a></p>
<p><a href="docs/MozVoice_LitSurvey_Privacy_01.pdf">Literature Survey: Privacy and Voice Interfaces</a></p>
<p></p>
</div>
<div class="five wide column">
<h4>Additional Readings</h4>
<p><a href="https://indiaai.gov.in/article/open-voice-data-for-all-making-speech-data-in-indian-languages-more-accessible">Open Voice Data For All: Making Speech Data In Indian languages More Accessible — <em> Voice Technologies Working Group</em></a></p>
<p><a href="https://www.thinkwithgoogle.com/intl/en-apac/country/india/ok-google-how-is-voice-making-technology-more-accessible-in-india/">“Ok Google: How Is Voice Making Technology More Accessible In India?” — <em> Prashant Gutch</em></a></p>
<p><a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0747563221000856?casa_token=ZPaf-JzcAeYAAAAA:U2o1ajpBkkHbLPK1iVZQ-6G8B_qqPAQDVwJBcBmrDoSVAI1W9rTBGrVnjpznUNuHZHL6a4c4KHl3">‘‘Okay Google, What About My Privacy?’: User's Privacy Perceptions And Acceptance Of Voice Based Digital Assistants — <em> M.Vimal Kumar, Sujeet Kumar Sharma, Jang Bahadur Singh, Yogesh K.Dwivedi </em></a></p>
<p><a href="https://dl.acm.org/doi/abs/10.1145/3173574.3174033">"Accessibility Came by Accident": Use of Voice-Controlled Intelligent Personal Assistants by People with Disabilities — <em>Alisha Pradhan, Kanika Mehta, Leah Findlater </em></a></p>
<p><a href="https://www.slanglabs.in/resources/whitepaper-voice-bridge-to-bharat">"Whitepaper - Voice, The Bridge To "Bharat" — <em> Slang Labs</em></a></p>
<p><a href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02763869.2018.1404391">Alexa, Siri, Cortana, And More: An Introduction To Voice Assistants — <em> Matthew B. Hoy </em></a></p>
<p><a href="https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-11051-2_25">How Might Voice Assistants Raise Our Children? — <em> Cezary Biele, Anna Jaskulska, Wieslaw Kopec, Jaroslaw Kowalski, Kinga Skorupska & Aldona Zdrodowska </em></a></p>
<p><a href="https://hbr.org/2019/05/using-voice-interfaces-to-make-products-more-inclusive">Using Voice Interfaces To Make Products More Inclusive? — <em> Cathy Pearl </em> </a></p>
<p><a href="http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.372.6385&rep=rep1&type=pdf">A Voice User Interface For Low-literacy Users In A Rural Community — <em>Edim, A. Emmanuel, Muyingi, H. Unsung-NSA, Sibanda, K</em> </a></p>
<p><a href="https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/2909609.2909670">Design Lessons From Creating A Mobile-Based Community Media Platform In Rural India — <em> Aparna Moitra, Vishnupriya Das, Gram Vaani, Archna Kumar, Aaditeshwar Seth</em> </a></p>
<p></p>
</div>
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</div>
<!-- Footer -->
<div class="footer">
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<h3>About the Study</h3>
<p>We believe that voice interfaces have the potential to democratise the use of the internet by addressing limitations related to reading and writing on digital text-only platforms and devices. This report examines the current landscape of voice interfaces in India, with a focus on concerns related to privacy and data protection, linguistic barriers, and accessibility for persons with disabilities (PwDs). This project was undertaken with support by the Mozilla Corporation.</p>
</div>
<div class="five wide column">
<h3>Research Team</h3>
<p><em>Research</em> Shweta Mohandas, Saumyaa Naidu, Deepika Nandagudi Srinivasa, Divya Pinheiro, Sweta Bisht</p>
<p><em>Conceptualisation, Planning, and Research Inputs</em> Sumandro Chattapadhyay, Puthiya Purayil Sneha</p>
<p><em>Illustration</em> Kruthika NS (Instagram @theworkplacedoodler)</p>
<p><em>Website Design</em> Saumyaa Naidu</p>
<p><em>Website Development</em> Sumandro Chattapadhyay, Pranav M Bidare</p>
<p><em>Review and Editing</em> Puthiya Purayil Sneha, Divyank Katira, Pranav M Bidare, Torsha Sarkar, Pallavi Bedi, Divya Pinheiro</p>
<p><em>Copy Editing</em> The Clean Copy</p>
</div>
<div class="four wide column">
<h3>Copyright and Credits</h3>
<p>Copyright: <a href="http://cis-india.org/" target="_blank">CIS, India</a>, 2021<br />License: <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank">CC BY 4.0 International</a></p>
<p>Built using <a href="https://semantic-ui.com/" target="_blank">Semantic UI</a><br/><a href="https://fonts.google.com/specimen/Barlow" target="_blank">Barlow</a> and <a href="https://fonts.google.com/specimen/Open+Sans" target="_blank">Open Sans</a> by <a href="https://fonts.google.com/" target="_blank">Google Fonts</a><br/>Social media icons by <a href="https://fontawesome.com/" target="_blank">Font Awesome</a><br/>Hosted on <a href="https://github.com/cis-india/mozvoice" target="_blank">GitHub</a></p>
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<div style="float: center; clear: both;">
<a href="https://cis-india.org/" target="_blank" style="border-bottom: 0px solid"><img src="img/logo.png" alt="The Centre for Internet and Society, India" class="logo" /></a>
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