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<h1 class="title">Bechdel</h1>
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<div class="quarto-title-meta-heading">Author</div>
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<p>Your name </p>
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Important
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<p>Go to <a href="https://github.com/cis-ds/ae-00-bechdel-quarto"><code>ae-00-bechdel-quarto</code></a> and clone the repo to <a href="https://rstudio-workbench.infosci.cornell.edu/">RStudio Workbench</a> to get started.</p>
<p>This AE is ungraded.</p>
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<p><code>ae-00-bechdel-quarto</code> is hosted on GitHub.com because we have not configured your authentication method for Cornell’s GitHub. <strong>We will do this tomorrow in lab.</strong></p>
</div>
</div>
<p>In this mini analysis we work with the data used in the FiveThirtyEight story titled <a href="https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/the-dollar-and-cents-case-against-hollywoods-exclusion-of-women/">“The Dollar-And-Cents Case Against Hollywood’s Exclusion of Women”</a>. Your task is to fill in the blanks denoted by <code>___</code>.</p>
<section id="data-and-packages" class="level1">
<h1>Data and packages</h1>
<p>We start with loading the packages we’ll use.</p>
<div class="cell">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb1"><pre class="sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb1-1"><a href="#cb1-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">library</span>(fivethirtyeight)</span>
<span id="cb1-2"><a href="#cb1-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">library</span>(tidyverse)</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
</div>
<p>The dataset contains information on 1794 movies released between 1970 and 2013. However we’ll focus our analysis on movies released between 1990 and 2013.</p>
<div class="cell">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb2"><pre class="sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb2-1"><a href="#cb2-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>bechdel90_13 <span class="ot"><-</span> bechdel <span class="sc">|></span> </span>
<span id="cb2-2"><a href="#cb2-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">filter</span>(<span class="fu">between</span>(year, <span class="dv">1990</span>, <span class="dv">2013</span>))</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
</div>
<p>There are <code>___</code> such movies.</p>
<p>The financial variables we’ll focus on are the following:</p>
<ul>
<li><code>budget_2013</code>: Budget in 2013 inflation adjusted dollars</li>
<li><code>domgross_2013</code>: Domestic gross (US) in 2013 inflation adjusted dollars</li>
<li><code>intgross_2013</code>: Total International (i.e., worldwide) gross in 2013 inflation adjusted dollars</li>
</ul>
<p>And we’ll also use the <code>binary</code> and <code>clean_test</code> variables for <strong>grouping</strong>.</p>
</section>
<section id="analysis" class="level1">
<h1>Analysis</h1>
<p>Let’s take a look at how median budget and gross vary by whether the movie passed the Bechdel test, which is stored in the <code>binary</code> variable.</p>
<div class="cell">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb3"><pre class="sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb3-1"><a href="#cb3-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>bechdel90_13 <span class="sc">|></span></span>
<span id="cb3-2"><a href="#cb3-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">group_by</span>(binary) <span class="sc">|></span></span>
<span id="cb3-3"><a href="#cb3-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">summarize</span>(</span>
<span id="cb3-4"><a href="#cb3-4" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">med_budget =</span> <span class="fu">median</span>(budget_2013),</span>
<span id="cb3-5"><a href="#cb3-5" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">med_domgross =</span> <span class="fu">median</span>(domgross_2013, <span class="at">na.rm =</span> <span class="cn">TRUE</span>),</span>
<span id="cb3-6"><a href="#cb3-6" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">med_intgross =</span> <span class="fu">median</span>(intgross_2013, <span class="at">na.rm =</span> <span class="cn">TRUE</span>)</span>
<span id="cb3-7"><a href="#cb3-7" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> )</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-stdout">
<pre><code># A tibble: 2 × 4
binary med_budget med_domgross med_intgross
<chr> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl>
1 FAIL 48385984. 57318606. 104475669
2 PASS 31070724 45330446. 80124349</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<p>Next, let’s take a look at how median budget and gross vary by a more detailed indicator of the Bechdel test result. This information is stored in the <code>clean_test</code> variable, which takes on the following values:</p>
<ul>
<li><code>ok</code> = passes test</li>
<li><code>dubious</code></li>
<li><code>men</code> = women only talk about men</li>
<li><code>notalk</code> = women don’t talk to each other</li>
<li><code>nowomen</code> = fewer than two women</li>
</ul>
<div class="cell">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb5"><pre class="sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb5-1"><a href="#cb5-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>bechdel90_13 <span class="sc">|></span></span>
<span id="cb5-2"><a href="#cb5-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="co">#group_by(___) |></span></span>
<span id="cb5-3"><a href="#cb5-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">summarize</span>(</span>
<span id="cb5-4"><a href="#cb5-4" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">med_budget =</span> <span class="fu">median</span>(budget_2013),</span>
<span id="cb5-5"><a href="#cb5-5" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">med_domgross =</span> <span class="fu">median</span>(domgross_2013, <span class="at">na.rm =</span> <span class="cn">TRUE</span>),</span>
<span id="cb5-6"><a href="#cb5-6" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">med_intgross =</span> <span class="fu">median</span>(intgross_2013, <span class="at">na.rm =</span> <span class="cn">TRUE</span>)</span>
<span id="cb5-7"><a href="#cb5-7" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> )</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-stdout">
<pre><code># A tibble: 1 × 3
med_budget med_domgross med_intgross
<int> <dbl> <dbl>
1 37878971 52270207 93523336</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<p>In order to evaluate how return on investment varies among movies that pass and fail the Bechdel test, we’ll first create a new variable called <code>roi</code> as the ratio of the gross to budget.</p>
<div class="cell">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb7"><pre class="sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb7-1"><a href="#cb7-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>bechdel90_13 <span class="ot"><-</span> bechdel90_13 <span class="sc">|></span></span>
<span id="cb7-2"><a href="#cb7-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">mutate</span>(<span class="at">roi =</span> (intgross_2013 <span class="sc">+</span> domgross_2013) <span class="sc">/</span> budget_2013)</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
</div>
<p>Let’s see which movies have the highest return on investment.</p>
<div class="cell">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb8"><pre class="sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb8-1"><a href="#cb8-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>bechdel90_13 <span class="sc">|></span></span>
<span id="cb8-2"><a href="#cb8-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">arrange</span>(<span class="fu">desc</span>(roi)) <span class="sc">|></span> </span>
<span id="cb8-3"><a href="#cb8-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">select</span>(title, roi, year)</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-stdout">
<pre><code># A tibble: 1,615 × 3
title roi year
<chr> <dbl> <int>
1 Paranormal Activity 671. 2007
2 The Blair Witch Project 648. 1999
3 El Mariachi 583. 1992
4 Clerks. 258. 1994
5 In the Company of Men 231. 1997
6 Napoleon Dynamite 227. 2004
7 Once 190. 2006
8 The Devil Inside 155. 2012
9 Primer 142. 2004
10 Fireproof 134. 2008
# ℹ 1,605 more rows</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<p>Below is a visualization of the return on investment by test result, however it’s difficult to see the distributions due to a few extreme observations.</p>
<div class="cell">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb10"><pre class="sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb10-1"><a href="#cb10-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">ggplot</span>(<span class="at">data =</span> bechdel90_13, </span>
<span id="cb10-2"><a href="#cb10-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">mapping =</span> <span class="fu">aes</span>(<span class="at">x =</span> clean_test, <span class="at">y =</span> roi, <span class="at">color =</span> binary)) <span class="sc">+</span></span>
<span id="cb10-3"><a href="#cb10-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">geom_boxplot</span>() <span class="sc">+</span></span>
<span id="cb10-4"><a href="#cb10-4" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">labs</span>(</span>
<span id="cb10-5"><a href="#cb10-5" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">title =</span> <span class="st">"Return on investment vs. Bechdel test result"</span>,</span>
<span id="cb10-6"><a href="#cb10-6" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">x =</span> <span class="st">"Detailed Bechdel result"</span>,</span>
<span id="cb10-7"><a href="#cb10-7" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">y =</span> <span class="st">"___"</span>,</span>
<span id="cb10-8"><a href="#cb10-8" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">color =</span> <span class="st">"Binary Bechdel result"</span></span>
<span id="cb10-9"><a href="#cb10-9" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> )</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
<div class="cell-output-display">
<div>
<figure class="figure">
<p><img src="ae-00-bechdel-quarto_files/figure-html/plot-return-bechdel-1.png" class="img-fluid figure-img" width="672"></p>
</figure>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>What are those movies with <em>very</em> high returns on investment?</p>
<div class="cell">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb11"><pre class="sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb11-1"><a href="#cb11-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>bechdel90_13 <span class="sc">|></span></span>
<span id="cb11-2"><a href="#cb11-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">filter</span>(roi <span class="sc">></span> <span class="dv">400</span>) <span class="sc">|></span></span>
<span id="cb11-3"><a href="#cb11-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">select</span>(title, budget_2013, domgross_2013, year)</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-stdout">
<pre><code># A tibble: 3 × 4
title budget_2013 domgross_2013 year
<chr> <int> <dbl> <int>
1 Paranormal Activity 505595 121251476 2007
2 The Blair Witch Project 839077 196538593 1999
3 El Mariachi 11622 3388636 1992</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<p>Zooming in on the movies with <code>roi < ___</code> provides a better view of how the medians across the categories compare:</p>
<div class="cell">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb13"><pre class="sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb13-1"><a href="#cb13-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">ggplot</span>(<span class="at">data =</span> bechdel90_13, <span class="at">mapping =</span> <span class="fu">aes</span>(<span class="at">x =</span> clean_test, <span class="at">y =</span> roi, <span class="at">color =</span> binary)) <span class="sc">+</span></span>
<span id="cb13-2"><a href="#cb13-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">geom_boxplot</span>() <span class="sc">+</span></span>
<span id="cb13-3"><a href="#cb13-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">labs</span>(</span>
<span id="cb13-4"><a href="#cb13-4" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">title =</span> <span class="st">"Return on investment vs. Bechdel test result"</span>,</span>
<span id="cb13-5"><a href="#cb13-5" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">subtitle =</span> <span class="st">"___"</span>, <span class="co"># Something about zooming in to a certain level</span></span>
<span id="cb13-6"><a href="#cb13-6" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">x =</span> <span class="st">"Detailed Bechdel result"</span>,</span>
<span id="cb13-7"><a href="#cb13-7" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">y =</span> <span class="st">"Return on investment"</span>,</span>
<span id="cb13-8"><a href="#cb13-8" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">color =</span> <span class="st">"Binary Bechdel result"</span></span>
<span id="cb13-9"><a href="#cb13-9" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> ) <span class="sc">+</span></span>
<span id="cb13-10"><a href="#cb13-10" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">coord_cartesian</span>(<span class="at">ylim =</span> <span class="fu">c</span>(<span class="dv">0</span>, <span class="dv">15</span>))</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
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