diff --git a/.github/workflows/pr.yml b/.github/workflows/pr.yml
index 91e9621387..34c21c84d7 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/pr.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/pr.yml
@@ -74,6 +74,7 @@ jobs:
         go test -json -v -p 4 -tags=release_checks,solccheck . 2>&1 | gotestfmt -hide=all | tee -a /tmp/gotest.log
         go test -json -v -p 4 -tags=prover_checks ./test/... 2>&1 | gotestfmt -hide=all | tee -a /tmp/gotest.log
         go test -json -v -p 4 -tags=prover_checks ./examples/... 2>&1 | gotestfmt -hide=all | tee -a /tmp/gotest.log
+        go test -json -v -run=NONE -fuzz=FuzzIntcomp -fuzztime=30s ./internal/backend/ioutils 2>&1 | gotestfmt -hide=all | tee -a /tmp/gotest.log
 
     - name: Generate job summary
       id: generate-job-summary
diff --git a/.github/workflows/push.yml b/.github/workflows/push.yml
index 78df2d0b36..886ffb3559 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/push.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/push.yml
@@ -80,6 +80,7 @@ jobs:
         go test -v -p 4 -tags=release_checks,solccheck .
         go test -v -p 4 -timeout=50m -tags=release_checks -race ./examples/cubic/...
         go test -v -p 4 -timeout=50m -tags=release_checks -short -race ./test/...
+        go test -v -run=NONE -fuzz=FuzzIntcomp -fuzztime=30s ./internal/backend/ioutils
 
   
   slack-workflow-status-failed:
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index e222cd5411..294be110f3 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ func main() {
 
 #### Icicle Library
 
-The following schemes and curves support experimental use of Ingomyama's Icicle GPU library for low level zk-SNARK primitives such as MSM, NTT, and polynomial operations:
+The following schemes and curves support experimental use of Ingonyama's Icicle GPU library for low level zk-SNARK primitives such as MSM, NTT, and polynomial operations:
 
 - [x] [Groth16](https://eprint.iacr.org/2016/260)
 
diff --git a/backend/groth16/bls12-377/marshal.go b/backend/groth16/bls12-377/marshal.go
index 525315efc2..ee8facd1e6 100644
--- a/backend/groth16/bls12-377/marshal.go
+++ b/backend/groth16/bls12-377/marshal.go
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ import (
 	curve "github.com/consensys/gnark-crypto/ecc/bls12-377"
 
 	"github.com/consensys/gnark-crypto/ecc/bls12-377/fr/pedersen"
+	"github.com/consensys/gnark-crypto/utils/unsafe"
 	"github.com/consensys/gnark/internal/utils"
 	"io"
 )
@@ -372,3 +373,165 @@ func (pk *ProvingKey) readFrom(r io.Reader, decOptions ...func(*curve.Decoder))
 
 	return n + dec.BytesRead(), nil
 }
+
+// WriteDump behaves like WriteRawTo, excepts, the slices of points are "dumped" using gnark-crypto/utils/unsafe
+// Output is compatible with ReadDump, with the caveat that, not only the points are not checked for
+// correctness, but the raw bytes are platform dependent (endianness, etc.)
+func (pk *ProvingKey) WriteDump(w io.Writer) error {
+	// it behaves like WriteRawTo, excepts, the slices of points are "dumped" using gnark-crypto/utils/unsafe
+
+	// start by writing an unsafe marker to fail early.
+	if err := unsafe.WriteMarker(w); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	if _, err := pk.Domain.WriteTo(w); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	enc := curve.NewEncoder(w, curve.RawEncoding())
+	nbWires := uint64(len(pk.InfinityA))
+
+	toEncode := []interface{}{
+		&pk.G1.Alpha,
+		&pk.G1.Beta,
+		&pk.G1.Delta,
+		// pk.G1.A,
+		// pk.G1.B,
+		// pk.G1.Z,
+		// pk.G1.K,
+		&pk.G2.Beta,
+		&pk.G2.Delta,
+		// pk.G2.B,
+		nbWires,
+		pk.NbInfinityA,
+		pk.NbInfinityB,
+		pk.InfinityA,
+		pk.InfinityB,
+		uint32(len(pk.CommitmentKeys)),
+	}
+
+	for _, v := range toEncode {
+		if err := enc.Encode(v); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+
+	// dump slices of points
+	if err := unsafe.WriteSlice(w, pk.G1.A); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if err := unsafe.WriteSlice(w, pk.G1.B); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if err := unsafe.WriteSlice(w, pk.G1.Z); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if err := unsafe.WriteSlice(w, pk.G1.K); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if err := unsafe.WriteSlice(w, pk.G2.B); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	for i := range pk.CommitmentKeys {
+		if err := unsafe.WriteSlice(w, pk.CommitmentKeys[i].Basis); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		if err := unsafe.WriteSlice(w, pk.CommitmentKeys[i].BasisExpSigma); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// ReadDump reads a ProvingKey from a dump written by WriteDump.
+// This is platform dependent and very unsafe (no checks, no endianness translation, etc.)
+func (pk *ProvingKey) ReadDump(r io.Reader) error {
+	// read the marker to fail early in case of malformed input
+	if err := unsafe.ReadMarker(r); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	if _, err := pk.Domain.ReadFrom(r); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	dec := curve.NewDecoder(r, curve.NoSubgroupChecks())
+
+	var nbWires uint64
+	var nbCommitments uint32
+
+	toDecode := []interface{}{
+		&pk.G1.Alpha,
+		&pk.G1.Beta,
+		&pk.G1.Delta,
+		// &pk.G1.A,
+		// &pk.G1.B,
+		// &pk.G1.Z,
+		// &pk.G1.K,
+		&pk.G2.Beta,
+		&pk.G2.Delta,
+		// &pk.G2.B,
+		&nbWires,
+		&pk.NbInfinityA,
+		&pk.NbInfinityB,
+	}
+
+	for _, v := range toDecode {
+		if err := dec.Decode(v); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+	pk.InfinityA = make([]bool, nbWires)
+	pk.InfinityB = make([]bool, nbWires)
+
+	if err := dec.Decode(&pk.InfinityA); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if err := dec.Decode(&pk.InfinityB); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if err := dec.Decode(&nbCommitments); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	// read slices of points
+	var err error
+	pk.G1.A, _, err = unsafe.ReadSlice[[]curve.G1Affine](r)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	pk.G1.B, _, err = unsafe.ReadSlice[[]curve.G1Affine](r)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	pk.G1.Z, _, err = unsafe.ReadSlice[[]curve.G1Affine](r)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	pk.G1.K, _, err = unsafe.ReadSlice[[]curve.G1Affine](r)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	pk.G2.B, _, err = unsafe.ReadSlice[[]curve.G2Affine](r)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	pk.CommitmentKeys = make([]pedersen.ProvingKey, nbCommitments)
+	for i := range pk.CommitmentKeys {
+		pk.CommitmentKeys[i].Basis, _, err = unsafe.ReadSlice[[]curve.G1Affine](r)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		pk.CommitmentKeys[i].BasisExpSigma, _, err = unsafe.ReadSlice[[]curve.G1Affine](r)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+
+	return nil
+
+}
diff --git a/backend/groth16/bls12-377/marshal_test.go b/backend/groth16/bls12-377/marshal_test.go
index c84d78180a..156ae2228d 100644
--- a/backend/groth16/bls12-377/marshal_test.go
+++ b/backend/groth16/bls12-377/marshal_test.go
@@ -187,9 +187,16 @@ func TestProvingKeySerialization(t *testing.T) {
 				require.NoError(t, err)
 			}
 
-			err := io.RoundTripCheck(&pk, func() any { return new(ProvingKey) })
-			return err == nil
+			if err := io.RoundTripCheck(&pk, func() any { return new(ProvingKey) }); err != nil {
+				t.Log(err)
+				return false
+			}
 
+			if err := io.DumpRoundTripCheck(&pk, func() any { return new(ProvingKey) }); err != nil {
+				t.Log(err)
+				return false
+			}
+			return true
 		},
 		GenG1(),
 		GenG2(),
diff --git a/backend/groth16/bls12-381/marshal.go b/backend/groth16/bls12-381/marshal.go
index 9b0e59446b..ff47b52ad4 100644
--- a/backend/groth16/bls12-381/marshal.go
+++ b/backend/groth16/bls12-381/marshal.go
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ import (
 	curve "github.com/consensys/gnark-crypto/ecc/bls12-381"
 
 	"github.com/consensys/gnark-crypto/ecc/bls12-381/fr/pedersen"
+	"github.com/consensys/gnark-crypto/utils/unsafe"
 	"github.com/consensys/gnark/internal/utils"
 	"io"
 )
@@ -372,3 +373,165 @@ func (pk *ProvingKey) readFrom(r io.Reader, decOptions ...func(*curve.Decoder))
 
 	return n + dec.BytesRead(), nil
 }
+
+// WriteDump behaves like WriteRawTo, excepts, the slices of points are "dumped" using gnark-crypto/utils/unsafe
+// Output is compatible with ReadDump, with the caveat that, not only the points are not checked for
+// correctness, but the raw bytes are platform dependent (endianness, etc.)
+func (pk *ProvingKey) WriteDump(w io.Writer) error {
+	// it behaves like WriteRawTo, excepts, the slices of points are "dumped" using gnark-crypto/utils/unsafe
+
+	// start by writing an unsafe marker to fail early.
+	if err := unsafe.WriteMarker(w); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	if _, err := pk.Domain.WriteTo(w); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	enc := curve.NewEncoder(w, curve.RawEncoding())
+	nbWires := uint64(len(pk.InfinityA))
+
+	toEncode := []interface{}{
+		&pk.G1.Alpha,
+		&pk.G1.Beta,
+		&pk.G1.Delta,
+		// pk.G1.A,
+		// pk.G1.B,
+		// pk.G1.Z,
+		// pk.G1.K,
+		&pk.G2.Beta,
+		&pk.G2.Delta,
+		// pk.G2.B,
+		nbWires,
+		pk.NbInfinityA,
+		pk.NbInfinityB,
+		pk.InfinityA,
+		pk.InfinityB,
+		uint32(len(pk.CommitmentKeys)),
+	}
+
+	for _, v := range toEncode {
+		if err := enc.Encode(v); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+
+	// dump slices of points
+	if err := unsafe.WriteSlice(w, pk.G1.A); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if err := unsafe.WriteSlice(w, pk.G1.B); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if err := unsafe.WriteSlice(w, pk.G1.Z); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if err := unsafe.WriteSlice(w, pk.G1.K); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if err := unsafe.WriteSlice(w, pk.G2.B); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	for i := range pk.CommitmentKeys {
+		if err := unsafe.WriteSlice(w, pk.CommitmentKeys[i].Basis); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		if err := unsafe.WriteSlice(w, pk.CommitmentKeys[i].BasisExpSigma); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// ReadDump reads a ProvingKey from a dump written by WriteDump.
+// This is platform dependent and very unsafe (no checks, no endianness translation, etc.)
+func (pk *ProvingKey) ReadDump(r io.Reader) error {
+	// read the marker to fail early in case of malformed input
+	if err := unsafe.ReadMarker(r); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	if _, err := pk.Domain.ReadFrom(r); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	dec := curve.NewDecoder(r, curve.NoSubgroupChecks())
+
+	var nbWires uint64
+	var nbCommitments uint32
+
+	toDecode := []interface{}{
+		&pk.G1.Alpha,
+		&pk.G1.Beta,
+		&pk.G1.Delta,
+		// &pk.G1.A,
+		// &pk.G1.B,
+		// &pk.G1.Z,
+		// &pk.G1.K,
+		&pk.G2.Beta,
+		&pk.G2.Delta,
+		// &pk.G2.B,
+		&nbWires,
+		&pk.NbInfinityA,
+		&pk.NbInfinityB,
+	}
+
+	for _, v := range toDecode {
+		if err := dec.Decode(v); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+	pk.InfinityA = make([]bool, nbWires)
+	pk.InfinityB = make([]bool, nbWires)
+
+	if err := dec.Decode(&pk.InfinityA); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if err := dec.Decode(&pk.InfinityB); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if err := dec.Decode(&nbCommitments); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	// read slices of points
+	var err error
+	pk.G1.A, _, err = unsafe.ReadSlice[[]curve.G1Affine](r)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	pk.G1.B, _, err = unsafe.ReadSlice[[]curve.G1Affine](r)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	pk.G1.Z, _, err = unsafe.ReadSlice[[]curve.G1Affine](r)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	pk.G1.K, _, err = unsafe.ReadSlice[[]curve.G1Affine](r)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	pk.G2.B, _, err = unsafe.ReadSlice[[]curve.G2Affine](r)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	pk.CommitmentKeys = make([]pedersen.ProvingKey, nbCommitments)
+	for i := range pk.CommitmentKeys {
+		pk.CommitmentKeys[i].Basis, _, err = unsafe.ReadSlice[[]curve.G1Affine](r)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		pk.CommitmentKeys[i].BasisExpSigma, _, err = unsafe.ReadSlice[[]curve.G1Affine](r)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+
+	return nil
+
+}
diff --git a/backend/groth16/bls12-381/marshal_test.go b/backend/groth16/bls12-381/marshal_test.go
index 7b0e6a56cd..93e98ac44e 100644
--- a/backend/groth16/bls12-381/marshal_test.go
+++ b/backend/groth16/bls12-381/marshal_test.go
@@ -187,9 +187,16 @@ func TestProvingKeySerialization(t *testing.T) {
 				require.NoError(t, err)
 			}
 
-			err := io.RoundTripCheck(&pk, func() any { return new(ProvingKey) })
-			return err == nil
+			if err := io.RoundTripCheck(&pk, func() any { return new(ProvingKey) }); err != nil {
+				t.Log(err)
+				return false
+			}
 
+			if err := io.DumpRoundTripCheck(&pk, func() any { return new(ProvingKey) }); err != nil {
+				t.Log(err)
+				return false
+			}
+			return true
 		},
 		GenG1(),
 		GenG2(),
diff --git a/backend/groth16/bls24-315/marshal.go b/backend/groth16/bls24-315/marshal.go
index efbb31d620..614647c775 100644
--- a/backend/groth16/bls24-315/marshal.go
+++ b/backend/groth16/bls24-315/marshal.go
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ import (
 	curve "github.com/consensys/gnark-crypto/ecc/bls24-315"
 
 	"github.com/consensys/gnark-crypto/ecc/bls24-315/fr/pedersen"
+	"github.com/consensys/gnark-crypto/utils/unsafe"
 	"github.com/consensys/gnark/internal/utils"
 	"io"
 )
@@ -372,3 +373,165 @@ func (pk *ProvingKey) readFrom(r io.Reader, decOptions ...func(*curve.Decoder))
 
 	return n + dec.BytesRead(), nil
 }
+
+// WriteDump behaves like WriteRawTo, excepts, the slices of points are "dumped" using gnark-crypto/utils/unsafe
+// Output is compatible with ReadDump, with the caveat that, not only the points are not checked for
+// correctness, but the raw bytes are platform dependent (endianness, etc.)
+func (pk *ProvingKey) WriteDump(w io.Writer) error {
+	// it behaves like WriteRawTo, excepts, the slices of points are "dumped" using gnark-crypto/utils/unsafe
+
+	// start by writing an unsafe marker to fail early.
+	if err := unsafe.WriteMarker(w); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	if _, err := pk.Domain.WriteTo(w); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	enc := curve.NewEncoder(w, curve.RawEncoding())
+	nbWires := uint64(len(pk.InfinityA))
+
+	toEncode := []interface{}{
+		&pk.G1.Alpha,
+		&pk.G1.Beta,
+		&pk.G1.Delta,
+		// pk.G1.A,
+		// pk.G1.B,
+		// pk.G1.Z,
+		// pk.G1.K,
+		&pk.G2.Beta,
+		&pk.G2.Delta,
+		// pk.G2.B,
+		nbWires,
+		pk.NbInfinityA,
+		pk.NbInfinityB,
+		pk.InfinityA,
+		pk.InfinityB,
+		uint32(len(pk.CommitmentKeys)),
+	}
+
+	for _, v := range toEncode {
+		if err := enc.Encode(v); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+
+	// dump slices of points
+	if err := unsafe.WriteSlice(w, pk.G1.A); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if err := unsafe.WriteSlice(w, pk.G1.B); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if err := unsafe.WriteSlice(w, pk.G1.Z); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if err := unsafe.WriteSlice(w, pk.G1.K); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if err := unsafe.WriteSlice(w, pk.G2.B); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	for i := range pk.CommitmentKeys {
+		if err := unsafe.WriteSlice(w, pk.CommitmentKeys[i].Basis); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		if err := unsafe.WriteSlice(w, pk.CommitmentKeys[i].BasisExpSigma); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// ReadDump reads a ProvingKey from a dump written by WriteDump.
+// This is platform dependent and very unsafe (no checks, no endianness translation, etc.)
+func (pk *ProvingKey) ReadDump(r io.Reader) error {
+	// read the marker to fail early in case of malformed input
+	if err := unsafe.ReadMarker(r); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	if _, err := pk.Domain.ReadFrom(r); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	dec := curve.NewDecoder(r, curve.NoSubgroupChecks())
+
+	var nbWires uint64
+	var nbCommitments uint32
+
+	toDecode := []interface{}{
+		&pk.G1.Alpha,
+		&pk.G1.Beta,
+		&pk.G1.Delta,
+		// &pk.G1.A,
+		// &pk.G1.B,
+		// &pk.G1.Z,
+		// &pk.G1.K,
+		&pk.G2.Beta,
+		&pk.G2.Delta,
+		// &pk.G2.B,
+		&nbWires,
+		&pk.NbInfinityA,
+		&pk.NbInfinityB,
+	}
+
+	for _, v := range toDecode {
+		if err := dec.Decode(v); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+	pk.InfinityA = make([]bool, nbWires)
+	pk.InfinityB = make([]bool, nbWires)
+
+	if err := dec.Decode(&pk.InfinityA); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if err := dec.Decode(&pk.InfinityB); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if err := dec.Decode(&nbCommitments); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	// read slices of points
+	var err error
+	pk.G1.A, _, err = unsafe.ReadSlice[[]curve.G1Affine](r)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	pk.G1.B, _, err = unsafe.ReadSlice[[]curve.G1Affine](r)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	pk.G1.Z, _, err = unsafe.ReadSlice[[]curve.G1Affine](r)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	pk.G1.K, _, err = unsafe.ReadSlice[[]curve.G1Affine](r)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	pk.G2.B, _, err = unsafe.ReadSlice[[]curve.G2Affine](r)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	pk.CommitmentKeys = make([]pedersen.ProvingKey, nbCommitments)
+	for i := range pk.CommitmentKeys {
+		pk.CommitmentKeys[i].Basis, _, err = unsafe.ReadSlice[[]curve.G1Affine](r)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		pk.CommitmentKeys[i].BasisExpSigma, _, err = unsafe.ReadSlice[[]curve.G1Affine](r)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+
+	return nil
+
+}
diff --git a/backend/groth16/bls24-315/marshal_test.go b/backend/groth16/bls24-315/marshal_test.go
index 9b5efcade2..6bf286b39e 100644
--- a/backend/groth16/bls24-315/marshal_test.go
+++ b/backend/groth16/bls24-315/marshal_test.go
@@ -187,9 +187,16 @@ func TestProvingKeySerialization(t *testing.T) {
 				require.NoError(t, err)
 			}
 
-			err := io.RoundTripCheck(&pk, func() any { return new(ProvingKey) })
-			return err == nil
+			if err := io.RoundTripCheck(&pk, func() any { return new(ProvingKey) }); err != nil {
+				t.Log(err)
+				return false
+			}
 
+			if err := io.DumpRoundTripCheck(&pk, func() any { return new(ProvingKey) }); err != nil {
+				t.Log(err)
+				return false
+			}
+			return true
 		},
 		GenG1(),
 		GenG2(),
diff --git a/backend/groth16/bls24-317/marshal.go b/backend/groth16/bls24-317/marshal.go
index b16d681254..00e0222422 100644
--- a/backend/groth16/bls24-317/marshal.go
+++ b/backend/groth16/bls24-317/marshal.go
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ import (
 	curve "github.com/consensys/gnark-crypto/ecc/bls24-317"
 
 	"github.com/consensys/gnark-crypto/ecc/bls24-317/fr/pedersen"
+	"github.com/consensys/gnark-crypto/utils/unsafe"
 	"github.com/consensys/gnark/internal/utils"
 	"io"
 )
@@ -372,3 +373,165 @@ func (pk *ProvingKey) readFrom(r io.Reader, decOptions ...func(*curve.Decoder))
 
 	return n + dec.BytesRead(), nil
 }
+
+// WriteDump behaves like WriteRawTo, excepts, the slices of points are "dumped" using gnark-crypto/utils/unsafe
+// Output is compatible with ReadDump, with the caveat that, not only the points are not checked for
+// correctness, but the raw bytes are platform dependent (endianness, etc.)
+func (pk *ProvingKey) WriteDump(w io.Writer) error {
+	// it behaves like WriteRawTo, excepts, the slices of points are "dumped" using gnark-crypto/utils/unsafe
+
+	// start by writing an unsafe marker to fail early.
+	if err := unsafe.WriteMarker(w); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	if _, err := pk.Domain.WriteTo(w); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	enc := curve.NewEncoder(w, curve.RawEncoding())
+	nbWires := uint64(len(pk.InfinityA))
+
+	toEncode := []interface{}{
+		&pk.G1.Alpha,
+		&pk.G1.Beta,
+		&pk.G1.Delta,
+		// pk.G1.A,
+		// pk.G1.B,
+		// pk.G1.Z,
+		// pk.G1.K,
+		&pk.G2.Beta,
+		&pk.G2.Delta,
+		// pk.G2.B,
+		nbWires,
+		pk.NbInfinityA,
+		pk.NbInfinityB,
+		pk.InfinityA,
+		pk.InfinityB,
+		uint32(len(pk.CommitmentKeys)),
+	}
+
+	for _, v := range toEncode {
+		if err := enc.Encode(v); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+
+	// dump slices of points
+	if err := unsafe.WriteSlice(w, pk.G1.A); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if err := unsafe.WriteSlice(w, pk.G1.B); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if err := unsafe.WriteSlice(w, pk.G1.Z); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if err := unsafe.WriteSlice(w, pk.G1.K); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if err := unsafe.WriteSlice(w, pk.G2.B); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	for i := range pk.CommitmentKeys {
+		if err := unsafe.WriteSlice(w, pk.CommitmentKeys[i].Basis); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		if err := unsafe.WriteSlice(w, pk.CommitmentKeys[i].BasisExpSigma); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// ReadDump reads a ProvingKey from a dump written by WriteDump.
+// This is platform dependent and very unsafe (no checks, no endianness translation, etc.)
+func (pk *ProvingKey) ReadDump(r io.Reader) error {
+	// read the marker to fail early in case of malformed input
+	if err := unsafe.ReadMarker(r); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	if _, err := pk.Domain.ReadFrom(r); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	dec := curve.NewDecoder(r, curve.NoSubgroupChecks())
+
+	var nbWires uint64
+	var nbCommitments uint32
+
+	toDecode := []interface{}{
+		&pk.G1.Alpha,
+		&pk.G1.Beta,
+		&pk.G1.Delta,
+		// &pk.G1.A,
+		// &pk.G1.B,
+		// &pk.G1.Z,
+		// &pk.G1.K,
+		&pk.G2.Beta,
+		&pk.G2.Delta,
+		// &pk.G2.B,
+		&nbWires,
+		&pk.NbInfinityA,
+		&pk.NbInfinityB,
+	}
+
+	for _, v := range toDecode {
+		if err := dec.Decode(v); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+	pk.InfinityA = make([]bool, nbWires)
+	pk.InfinityB = make([]bool, nbWires)
+
+	if err := dec.Decode(&pk.InfinityA); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if err := dec.Decode(&pk.InfinityB); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if err := dec.Decode(&nbCommitments); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	// read slices of points
+	var err error
+	pk.G1.A, _, err = unsafe.ReadSlice[[]curve.G1Affine](r)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	pk.G1.B, _, err = unsafe.ReadSlice[[]curve.G1Affine](r)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	pk.G1.Z, _, err = unsafe.ReadSlice[[]curve.G1Affine](r)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	pk.G1.K, _, err = unsafe.ReadSlice[[]curve.G1Affine](r)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	pk.G2.B, _, err = unsafe.ReadSlice[[]curve.G2Affine](r)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	pk.CommitmentKeys = make([]pedersen.ProvingKey, nbCommitments)
+	for i := range pk.CommitmentKeys {
+		pk.CommitmentKeys[i].Basis, _, err = unsafe.ReadSlice[[]curve.G1Affine](r)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		pk.CommitmentKeys[i].BasisExpSigma, _, err = unsafe.ReadSlice[[]curve.G1Affine](r)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+
+	return nil
+
+}
diff --git a/backend/groth16/bls24-317/marshal_test.go b/backend/groth16/bls24-317/marshal_test.go
index 2e984257dc..4110b35746 100644
--- a/backend/groth16/bls24-317/marshal_test.go
+++ b/backend/groth16/bls24-317/marshal_test.go
@@ -187,9 +187,16 @@ func TestProvingKeySerialization(t *testing.T) {
 				require.NoError(t, err)
 			}
 
-			err := io.RoundTripCheck(&pk, func() any { return new(ProvingKey) })
-			return err == nil
+			if err := io.RoundTripCheck(&pk, func() any { return new(ProvingKey) }); err != nil {
+				t.Log(err)
+				return false
+			}
 
+			if err := io.DumpRoundTripCheck(&pk, func() any { return new(ProvingKey) }); err != nil {
+				t.Log(err)
+				return false
+			}
+			return true
 		},
 		GenG1(),
 		GenG2(),
diff --git a/backend/groth16/bn254/marshal.go b/backend/groth16/bn254/marshal.go
index c6539a7ba2..90dd38d8ad 100644
--- a/backend/groth16/bn254/marshal.go
+++ b/backend/groth16/bn254/marshal.go
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ import (
 	curve "github.com/consensys/gnark-crypto/ecc/bn254"
 
 	"github.com/consensys/gnark-crypto/ecc/bn254/fr/pedersen"
+	"github.com/consensys/gnark-crypto/utils/unsafe"
 	"github.com/consensys/gnark/internal/utils"
 	"io"
 )
@@ -372,3 +373,165 @@ func (pk *ProvingKey) readFrom(r io.Reader, decOptions ...func(*curve.Decoder))
 
 	return n + dec.BytesRead(), nil
 }
+
+// WriteDump behaves like WriteRawTo, excepts, the slices of points are "dumped" using gnark-crypto/utils/unsafe
+// Output is compatible with ReadDump, with the caveat that, not only the points are not checked for
+// correctness, but the raw bytes are platform dependent (endianness, etc.)
+func (pk *ProvingKey) WriteDump(w io.Writer) error {
+	// it behaves like WriteRawTo, excepts, the slices of points are "dumped" using gnark-crypto/utils/unsafe
+
+	// start by writing an unsafe marker to fail early.
+	if err := unsafe.WriteMarker(w); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	if _, err := pk.Domain.WriteTo(w); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	enc := curve.NewEncoder(w, curve.RawEncoding())
+	nbWires := uint64(len(pk.InfinityA))
+
+	toEncode := []interface{}{
+		&pk.G1.Alpha,
+		&pk.G1.Beta,
+		&pk.G1.Delta,
+		// pk.G1.A,
+		// pk.G1.B,
+		// pk.G1.Z,
+		// pk.G1.K,
+		&pk.G2.Beta,
+		&pk.G2.Delta,
+		// pk.G2.B,
+		nbWires,
+		pk.NbInfinityA,
+		pk.NbInfinityB,
+		pk.InfinityA,
+		pk.InfinityB,
+		uint32(len(pk.CommitmentKeys)),
+	}
+
+	for _, v := range toEncode {
+		if err := enc.Encode(v); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+
+	// dump slices of points
+	if err := unsafe.WriteSlice(w, pk.G1.A); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if err := unsafe.WriteSlice(w, pk.G1.B); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if err := unsafe.WriteSlice(w, pk.G1.Z); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if err := unsafe.WriteSlice(w, pk.G1.K); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if err := unsafe.WriteSlice(w, pk.G2.B); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	for i := range pk.CommitmentKeys {
+		if err := unsafe.WriteSlice(w, pk.CommitmentKeys[i].Basis); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		if err := unsafe.WriteSlice(w, pk.CommitmentKeys[i].BasisExpSigma); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// ReadDump reads a ProvingKey from a dump written by WriteDump.
+// This is platform dependent and very unsafe (no checks, no endianness translation, etc.)
+func (pk *ProvingKey) ReadDump(r io.Reader) error {
+	// read the marker to fail early in case of malformed input
+	if err := unsafe.ReadMarker(r); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	if _, err := pk.Domain.ReadFrom(r); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	dec := curve.NewDecoder(r, curve.NoSubgroupChecks())
+
+	var nbWires uint64
+	var nbCommitments uint32
+
+	toDecode := []interface{}{
+		&pk.G1.Alpha,
+		&pk.G1.Beta,
+		&pk.G1.Delta,
+		// &pk.G1.A,
+		// &pk.G1.B,
+		// &pk.G1.Z,
+		// &pk.G1.K,
+		&pk.G2.Beta,
+		&pk.G2.Delta,
+		// &pk.G2.B,
+		&nbWires,
+		&pk.NbInfinityA,
+		&pk.NbInfinityB,
+	}
+
+	for _, v := range toDecode {
+		if err := dec.Decode(v); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+	pk.InfinityA = make([]bool, nbWires)
+	pk.InfinityB = make([]bool, nbWires)
+
+	if err := dec.Decode(&pk.InfinityA); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if err := dec.Decode(&pk.InfinityB); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if err := dec.Decode(&nbCommitments); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	// read slices of points
+	var err error
+	pk.G1.A, _, err = unsafe.ReadSlice[[]curve.G1Affine](r)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	pk.G1.B, _, err = unsafe.ReadSlice[[]curve.G1Affine](r)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	pk.G1.Z, _, err = unsafe.ReadSlice[[]curve.G1Affine](r)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	pk.G1.K, _, err = unsafe.ReadSlice[[]curve.G1Affine](r)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	pk.G2.B, _, err = unsafe.ReadSlice[[]curve.G2Affine](r)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	pk.CommitmentKeys = make([]pedersen.ProvingKey, nbCommitments)
+	for i := range pk.CommitmentKeys {
+		pk.CommitmentKeys[i].Basis, _, err = unsafe.ReadSlice[[]curve.G1Affine](r)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		pk.CommitmentKeys[i].BasisExpSigma, _, err = unsafe.ReadSlice[[]curve.G1Affine](r)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+
+	return nil
+
+}
diff --git a/backend/groth16/bn254/marshal_test.go b/backend/groth16/bn254/marshal_test.go
index ae007c3668..170bac74c0 100644
--- a/backend/groth16/bn254/marshal_test.go
+++ b/backend/groth16/bn254/marshal_test.go
@@ -187,9 +187,16 @@ func TestProvingKeySerialization(t *testing.T) {
 				require.NoError(t, err)
 			}
 
-			err := io.RoundTripCheck(&pk, func() any { return new(ProvingKey) })
-			return err == nil
+			if err := io.RoundTripCheck(&pk, func() any { return new(ProvingKey) }); err != nil {
+				t.Log(err)
+				return false
+			}
 
+			if err := io.DumpRoundTripCheck(&pk, func() any { return new(ProvingKey) }); err != nil {
+				t.Log(err)
+				return false
+			}
+			return true
 		},
 		GenG1(),
 		GenG2(),
diff --git a/backend/groth16/bn254/solidity.go b/backend/groth16/bn254/solidity.go
index 5f0b1a504e..32ccc55bbb 100644
--- a/backend/groth16/bn254/solidity.go
+++ b/backend/groth16/bn254/solidity.go
@@ -535,7 +535,7 @@ contract Verifier {
             {{- if eq $numCommitments 1 }}
             (commitments[0], commitments[1]) = decompress_g1(compressedCommitments[0]);
             {{- else }}
-            // TODO: We need to fold commitments into single point
+            // TODO: We can fold commitments into a single point for more efficient verification (https://github.com/Consensys/gnark/issues/1095)
             for (uint256 i = 0; i < {{$numCommitments}}; i++) {
                 (commitments[2*i], commitments[2*i+1]) = decompress_g1(compressedCommitments[i]);
             }
diff --git a/backend/groth16/bw6-633/marshal.go b/backend/groth16/bw6-633/marshal.go
index d5c2339407..a801462c9f 100644
--- a/backend/groth16/bw6-633/marshal.go
+++ b/backend/groth16/bw6-633/marshal.go
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ import (
 	curve "github.com/consensys/gnark-crypto/ecc/bw6-633"
 
 	"github.com/consensys/gnark-crypto/ecc/bw6-633/fr/pedersen"
+	"github.com/consensys/gnark-crypto/utils/unsafe"
 	"github.com/consensys/gnark/internal/utils"
 	"io"
 )
@@ -372,3 +373,165 @@ func (pk *ProvingKey) readFrom(r io.Reader, decOptions ...func(*curve.Decoder))
 
 	return n + dec.BytesRead(), nil
 }
+
+// WriteDump behaves like WriteRawTo, excepts, the slices of points are "dumped" using gnark-crypto/utils/unsafe
+// Output is compatible with ReadDump, with the caveat that, not only the points are not checked for
+// correctness, but the raw bytes are platform dependent (endianness, etc.)
+func (pk *ProvingKey) WriteDump(w io.Writer) error {
+	// it behaves like WriteRawTo, excepts, the slices of points are "dumped" using gnark-crypto/utils/unsafe
+
+	// start by writing an unsafe marker to fail early.
+	if err := unsafe.WriteMarker(w); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	if _, err := pk.Domain.WriteTo(w); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	enc := curve.NewEncoder(w, curve.RawEncoding())
+	nbWires := uint64(len(pk.InfinityA))
+
+	toEncode := []interface{}{
+		&pk.G1.Alpha,
+		&pk.G1.Beta,
+		&pk.G1.Delta,
+		// pk.G1.A,
+		// pk.G1.B,
+		// pk.G1.Z,
+		// pk.G1.K,
+		&pk.G2.Beta,
+		&pk.G2.Delta,
+		// pk.G2.B,
+		nbWires,
+		pk.NbInfinityA,
+		pk.NbInfinityB,
+		pk.InfinityA,
+		pk.InfinityB,
+		uint32(len(pk.CommitmentKeys)),
+	}
+
+	for _, v := range toEncode {
+		if err := enc.Encode(v); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+
+	// dump slices of points
+	if err := unsafe.WriteSlice(w, pk.G1.A); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if err := unsafe.WriteSlice(w, pk.G1.B); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if err := unsafe.WriteSlice(w, pk.G1.Z); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if err := unsafe.WriteSlice(w, pk.G1.K); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if err := unsafe.WriteSlice(w, pk.G2.B); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	for i := range pk.CommitmentKeys {
+		if err := unsafe.WriteSlice(w, pk.CommitmentKeys[i].Basis); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		if err := unsafe.WriteSlice(w, pk.CommitmentKeys[i].BasisExpSigma); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// ReadDump reads a ProvingKey from a dump written by WriteDump.
+// This is platform dependent and very unsafe (no checks, no endianness translation, etc.)
+func (pk *ProvingKey) ReadDump(r io.Reader) error {
+	// read the marker to fail early in case of malformed input
+	if err := unsafe.ReadMarker(r); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	if _, err := pk.Domain.ReadFrom(r); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	dec := curve.NewDecoder(r, curve.NoSubgroupChecks())
+
+	var nbWires uint64
+	var nbCommitments uint32
+
+	toDecode := []interface{}{
+		&pk.G1.Alpha,
+		&pk.G1.Beta,
+		&pk.G1.Delta,
+		// &pk.G1.A,
+		// &pk.G1.B,
+		// &pk.G1.Z,
+		// &pk.G1.K,
+		&pk.G2.Beta,
+		&pk.G2.Delta,
+		// &pk.G2.B,
+		&nbWires,
+		&pk.NbInfinityA,
+		&pk.NbInfinityB,
+	}
+
+	for _, v := range toDecode {
+		if err := dec.Decode(v); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+	pk.InfinityA = make([]bool, nbWires)
+	pk.InfinityB = make([]bool, nbWires)
+
+	if err := dec.Decode(&pk.InfinityA); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if err := dec.Decode(&pk.InfinityB); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if err := dec.Decode(&nbCommitments); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	// read slices of points
+	var err error
+	pk.G1.A, _, err = unsafe.ReadSlice[[]curve.G1Affine](r)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	pk.G1.B, _, err = unsafe.ReadSlice[[]curve.G1Affine](r)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	pk.G1.Z, _, err = unsafe.ReadSlice[[]curve.G1Affine](r)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	pk.G1.K, _, err = unsafe.ReadSlice[[]curve.G1Affine](r)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	pk.G2.B, _, err = unsafe.ReadSlice[[]curve.G2Affine](r)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	pk.CommitmentKeys = make([]pedersen.ProvingKey, nbCommitments)
+	for i := range pk.CommitmentKeys {
+		pk.CommitmentKeys[i].Basis, _, err = unsafe.ReadSlice[[]curve.G1Affine](r)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		pk.CommitmentKeys[i].BasisExpSigma, _, err = unsafe.ReadSlice[[]curve.G1Affine](r)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+
+	return nil
+
+}
diff --git a/backend/groth16/bw6-633/marshal_test.go b/backend/groth16/bw6-633/marshal_test.go
index 31b93fe801..05d9637e2a 100644
--- a/backend/groth16/bw6-633/marshal_test.go
+++ b/backend/groth16/bw6-633/marshal_test.go
@@ -187,9 +187,16 @@ func TestProvingKeySerialization(t *testing.T) {
 				require.NoError(t, err)
 			}
 
-			err := io.RoundTripCheck(&pk, func() any { return new(ProvingKey) })
-			return err == nil
+			if err := io.RoundTripCheck(&pk, func() any { return new(ProvingKey) }); err != nil {
+				t.Log(err)
+				return false
+			}
 
+			if err := io.DumpRoundTripCheck(&pk, func() any { return new(ProvingKey) }); err != nil {
+				t.Log(err)
+				return false
+			}
+			return true
 		},
 		GenG1(),
 		GenG2(),
diff --git a/backend/groth16/bw6-761/marshal.go b/backend/groth16/bw6-761/marshal.go
index b9de7f8d90..b89105e280 100644
--- a/backend/groth16/bw6-761/marshal.go
+++ b/backend/groth16/bw6-761/marshal.go
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ import (
 	curve "github.com/consensys/gnark-crypto/ecc/bw6-761"
 
 	"github.com/consensys/gnark-crypto/ecc/bw6-761/fr/pedersen"
+	"github.com/consensys/gnark-crypto/utils/unsafe"
 	"github.com/consensys/gnark/internal/utils"
 	"io"
 )
@@ -372,3 +373,165 @@ func (pk *ProvingKey) readFrom(r io.Reader, decOptions ...func(*curve.Decoder))
 
 	return n + dec.BytesRead(), nil
 }
+
+// WriteDump behaves like WriteRawTo, excepts, the slices of points are "dumped" using gnark-crypto/utils/unsafe
+// Output is compatible with ReadDump, with the caveat that, not only the points are not checked for
+// correctness, but the raw bytes are platform dependent (endianness, etc.)
+func (pk *ProvingKey) WriteDump(w io.Writer) error {
+	// it behaves like WriteRawTo, excepts, the slices of points are "dumped" using gnark-crypto/utils/unsafe
+
+	// start by writing an unsafe marker to fail early.
+	if err := unsafe.WriteMarker(w); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	if _, err := pk.Domain.WriteTo(w); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	enc := curve.NewEncoder(w, curve.RawEncoding())
+	nbWires := uint64(len(pk.InfinityA))
+
+	toEncode := []interface{}{
+		&pk.G1.Alpha,
+		&pk.G1.Beta,
+		&pk.G1.Delta,
+		// pk.G1.A,
+		// pk.G1.B,
+		// pk.G1.Z,
+		// pk.G1.K,
+		&pk.G2.Beta,
+		&pk.G2.Delta,
+		// pk.G2.B,
+		nbWires,
+		pk.NbInfinityA,
+		pk.NbInfinityB,
+		pk.InfinityA,
+		pk.InfinityB,
+		uint32(len(pk.CommitmentKeys)),
+	}
+
+	for _, v := range toEncode {
+		if err := enc.Encode(v); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+
+	// dump slices of points
+	if err := unsafe.WriteSlice(w, pk.G1.A); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if err := unsafe.WriteSlice(w, pk.G1.B); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if err := unsafe.WriteSlice(w, pk.G1.Z); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if err := unsafe.WriteSlice(w, pk.G1.K); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if err := unsafe.WriteSlice(w, pk.G2.B); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	for i := range pk.CommitmentKeys {
+		if err := unsafe.WriteSlice(w, pk.CommitmentKeys[i].Basis); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		if err := unsafe.WriteSlice(w, pk.CommitmentKeys[i].BasisExpSigma); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// ReadDump reads a ProvingKey from a dump written by WriteDump.
+// This is platform dependent and very unsafe (no checks, no endianness translation, etc.)
+func (pk *ProvingKey) ReadDump(r io.Reader) error {
+	// read the marker to fail early in case of malformed input
+	if err := unsafe.ReadMarker(r); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	if _, err := pk.Domain.ReadFrom(r); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	dec := curve.NewDecoder(r, curve.NoSubgroupChecks())
+
+	var nbWires uint64
+	var nbCommitments uint32
+
+	toDecode := []interface{}{
+		&pk.G1.Alpha,
+		&pk.G1.Beta,
+		&pk.G1.Delta,
+		// &pk.G1.A,
+		// &pk.G1.B,
+		// &pk.G1.Z,
+		// &pk.G1.K,
+		&pk.G2.Beta,
+		&pk.G2.Delta,
+		// &pk.G2.B,
+		&nbWires,
+		&pk.NbInfinityA,
+		&pk.NbInfinityB,
+	}
+
+	for _, v := range toDecode {
+		if err := dec.Decode(v); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+	pk.InfinityA = make([]bool, nbWires)
+	pk.InfinityB = make([]bool, nbWires)
+
+	if err := dec.Decode(&pk.InfinityA); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if err := dec.Decode(&pk.InfinityB); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if err := dec.Decode(&nbCommitments); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	// read slices of points
+	var err error
+	pk.G1.A, _, err = unsafe.ReadSlice[[]curve.G1Affine](r)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	pk.G1.B, _, err = unsafe.ReadSlice[[]curve.G1Affine](r)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	pk.G1.Z, _, err = unsafe.ReadSlice[[]curve.G1Affine](r)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	pk.G1.K, _, err = unsafe.ReadSlice[[]curve.G1Affine](r)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	pk.G2.B, _, err = unsafe.ReadSlice[[]curve.G2Affine](r)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	pk.CommitmentKeys = make([]pedersen.ProvingKey, nbCommitments)
+	for i := range pk.CommitmentKeys {
+		pk.CommitmentKeys[i].Basis, _, err = unsafe.ReadSlice[[]curve.G1Affine](r)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		pk.CommitmentKeys[i].BasisExpSigma, _, err = unsafe.ReadSlice[[]curve.G1Affine](r)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+
+	return nil
+
+}
diff --git a/backend/groth16/bw6-761/marshal_test.go b/backend/groth16/bw6-761/marshal_test.go
index 61bd28a632..7f59bf90e8 100644
--- a/backend/groth16/bw6-761/marshal_test.go
+++ b/backend/groth16/bw6-761/marshal_test.go
@@ -187,9 +187,16 @@ func TestProvingKeySerialization(t *testing.T) {
 				require.NoError(t, err)
 			}
 
-			err := io.RoundTripCheck(&pk, func() any { return new(ProvingKey) })
-			return err == nil
+			if err := io.RoundTripCheck(&pk, func() any { return new(ProvingKey) }); err != nil {
+				t.Log(err)
+				return false
+			}
 
+			if err := io.DumpRoundTripCheck(&pk, func() any { return new(ProvingKey) }); err != nil {
+				t.Log(err)
+				return false
+			}
+			return true
 		},
 		GenG1(),
 		GenG2(),
diff --git a/backend/groth16/groth16.go b/backend/groth16/groth16.go
index ca5b8bdc61..3b542f2afa 100644
--- a/backend/groth16/groth16.go
+++ b/backend/groth16/groth16.go
@@ -74,6 +74,7 @@ type Proof interface {
 type ProvingKey interface {
 	groth16Object
 	gnarkio.UnsafeReaderFrom
+	gnarkio.BinaryDumper
 
 	// NbG1 returns the number of G1 elements in the ProvingKey
 	NbG1() int
diff --git a/constraint/bls12-377/coeff.go b/constraint/bls12-377/coeff.go
index a1b86b75c4..9ec1f2a3d7 100644
--- a/constraint/bls12-377/coeff.go
+++ b/constraint/bls12-377/coeff.go
@@ -17,6 +17,8 @@
 package cs
 
 import (
+	"encoding/binary"
+	"errors"
 	"github.com/consensys/gnark/constraint"
 	"github.com/consensys/gnark/internal/utils"
 	"math/big"
@@ -46,6 +48,42 @@ func newCoeffTable(capacity int) CoeffTable {
 
 }
 
+func (ct *CoeffTable) toBytes() []byte {
+	buf := make([]byte, 0, 8+len(ct.Coefficients)*fr.Bytes)
+	ctLen := uint64(len(ct.Coefficients))
+
+	buf = binary.LittleEndian.AppendUint64(buf, ctLen)
+	for _, c := range ct.Coefficients {
+		for _, w := range c {
+			buf = binary.LittleEndian.AppendUint64(buf, w)
+		}
+	}
+
+	return buf
+}
+
+func (ct *CoeffTable) fromBytes(buf []byte) error {
+	if len(buf) < 8 {
+		return errors.New("invalid buffer size")
+	}
+	ctLen := binary.LittleEndian.Uint64(buf[:8])
+	buf = buf[8:]
+
+	if uint64(len(buf)) < ctLen*fr.Bytes {
+		return errors.New("invalid buffer size")
+	}
+	ct.Coefficients = make([]fr.Element, ctLen)
+	for i := uint64(0); i < ctLen; i++ {
+		var c fr.Element
+		k := int(i) * fr.Bytes
+		for j := 0; j < fr.Limbs; j++ {
+			c[j] = binary.LittleEndian.Uint64(buf[k+j*8 : k+(j+1)*8])
+		}
+		ct.Coefficients[i] = c
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
 func (ct *CoeffTable) AddCoeff(coeff constraint.Element) uint32 {
 	c := (*fr.Element)(coeff[:])
 	var cID uint32
diff --git a/constraint/bls12-377/marshal.go b/constraint/bls12-377/marshal.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ea13e57dad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/constraint/bls12-377/marshal.go
@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+// Copyright 2020 ConsenSys Software Inc.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+// Code generated by gnark DO NOT EDIT
+
+package cs
+
+import (
+	"encoding/binary"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+
+	"github.com/blang/semver/v4"
+)
+
+// WriteTo encodes R1CS into provided io.Writer using cbor
+func (cs *system) WriteTo(w io.Writer) (int64, error) {
+	b, err := cs.System.ToBytes()
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+
+	c := cs.CoeffTable.toBytes()
+
+	totalLen := uint64(len(b) + len(c))
+	gnarkVersion := semver.MustParse(cs.GnarkVersion)
+	// write totalLen, gnarkVersion.Major, gnarkVersion.Minor, gnarkVersion.Patch using
+	// binary.LittleEndian
+	if err := binary.Write(w, binary.LittleEndian, totalLen); err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+	if err := binary.Write(w, binary.LittleEndian, gnarkVersion.Major); err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+	if err := binary.Write(w, binary.LittleEndian, gnarkVersion.Minor); err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+	if err := binary.Write(w, binary.LittleEndian, gnarkVersion.Patch); err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+
+	// write the system
+	n, err := w.Write(b)
+	if err != nil {
+		return int64(n), err
+	}
+
+	// write the coeff table
+	m, err := w.Write(c)
+	return int64(n+m) + 4*8, err
+}
+
+// ReadFrom attempts to decode R1CS from io.Reader using cbor
+func (cs *system) ReadFrom(r io.Reader) (int64, error) {
+	var totalLen uint64
+	if err := binary.Read(r, binary.LittleEndian, &totalLen); err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+
+	var major, minor, patch uint64
+	if err := binary.Read(r, binary.LittleEndian, &major); err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+	if err := binary.Read(r, binary.LittleEndian, &minor); err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+	if err := binary.Read(r, binary.LittleEndian, &patch); err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+	// TODO @gbotrel validate version, duplicate logic with core.go CheckSerializationHeader
+	if major != 0 || minor < 10 {
+		return 0, fmt.Errorf("unsupported gnark version %d.%d.%d", major, minor, patch)
+	}
+
+	data := make([]byte, totalLen)
+	if _, err := io.ReadFull(r, data); err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+	n, err := cs.System.FromBytes(data)
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+	data = data[n:]
+
+	if err := cs.CoeffTable.fromBytes(data); err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+
+	return int64(totalLen) + 4*8, nil
+}
diff --git a/constraint/bls12-377/solver.go b/constraint/bls12-377/solver.go
index 085fece29d..2838d62d8f 100644
--- a/constraint/bls12-377/solver.go
+++ b/constraint/bls12-377/solver.go
@@ -437,7 +437,7 @@ func (solver *solver) run() error {
 	// then we check that the constraint is valid
 	// if a[i] * b[i] != c[i]; it means the constraint is not satisfied
 	var wg sync.WaitGroup
-	chTasks := make(chan []int, solver.nbTasks)
+	chTasks := make(chan []uint32, solver.nbTasks)
 	chError := make(chan error, solver.nbTasks)
 
 	// start a worker pool
diff --git a/constraint/bls12-377/system.go b/constraint/bls12-377/system.go
index bcd9ab9225..d7420aa421 100644
--- a/constraint/bls12-377/system.go
+++ b/constraint/bls12-377/system.go
@@ -17,16 +17,13 @@
 package cs
 
 import (
-	"github.com/fxamacker/cbor/v2"
 	"io"
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/consensys/gnark/backend/witness"
 	"github.com/consensys/gnark/constraint"
 	csolver "github.com/consensys/gnark/constraint/solver"
-	"github.com/consensys/gnark/internal/backend/ioutils"
 	"github.com/consensys/gnark/logger"
-	"reflect"
 
 	"github.com/consensys/gnark-crypto/ecc"
 
@@ -149,55 +146,6 @@ func (cs *system) CurveID() ecc.ID {
 	return ecc.BLS12_377
 }
 
-// WriteTo encodes R1CS into provided io.Writer using cbor
-func (cs *system) WriteTo(w io.Writer) (int64, error) {
-	_w := ioutils.WriterCounter{W: w} // wraps writer to count the bytes written
-	ts := getTagSet()
-	enc, err := cbor.CoreDetEncOptions().EncModeWithTags(ts)
-	if err != nil {
-		return 0, err
-	}
-	encoder := enc.NewEncoder(&_w)
-
-	// encode our object
-	err = encoder.Encode(cs)
-	return _w.N, err
-}
-
-// ReadFrom attempts to decode R1CS from io.Reader using cbor
-func (cs *system) ReadFrom(r io.Reader) (int64, error) {
-	ts := getTagSet()
-	dm, err := cbor.DecOptions{
-		MaxArrayElements: 2147483647,
-		MaxMapPairs:      2147483647,
-	}.DecModeWithTags(ts)
-
-	if err != nil {
-		return 0, err
-	}
-	decoder := dm.NewDecoder(r)
-
-	// initialize coeff table
-	cs.CoeffTable = newCoeffTable(0)
-
-	if err := decoder.Decode(&cs); err != nil {
-		return int64(decoder.NumBytesRead()), err
-	}
-
-	if err := cs.CheckSerializationHeader(); err != nil {
-		return int64(decoder.NumBytesRead()), err
-	}
-
-	switch v := cs.CommitmentInfo.(type) {
-	case *constraint.Groth16Commitments:
-		cs.CommitmentInfo = *v
-	case *constraint.PlonkCommitments:
-		cs.CommitmentInfo = *v
-	}
-
-	return int64(decoder.NumBytesRead()), nil
-}
-
 func (cs *system) GetCoefficient(i int) (r constraint.Element) {
 	copy(r[:], cs.Coefficients[i][:])
 	return
@@ -351,36 +299,6 @@ func (t *SparseR1CSSolution) ReadFrom(r io.Reader) (int64, error) {
 	return n, err
 }
 
-func getTagSet() cbor.TagSet {
-	// temporary for refactor
-	ts := cbor.NewTagSet()
-	// https://www.iana.org/assignments/cbor-tags/cbor-tags.xhtml
-	// 65536-15309735 Unassigned
-	tagNum := uint64(5309735)
-	addType := func(t reflect.Type) {
-		if err := ts.Add(
-			cbor.TagOptions{EncTag: cbor.EncTagRequired, DecTag: cbor.DecTagRequired},
-			t,
-			tagNum,
-		); err != nil {
-			panic(err)
-		}
-		tagNum++
-	}
-
-	addType(reflect.TypeOf(constraint.BlueprintGenericHint{}))
-	addType(reflect.TypeOf(constraint.BlueprintGenericR1C{}))
-	addType(reflect.TypeOf(constraint.BlueprintGenericSparseR1C{}))
-	addType(reflect.TypeOf(constraint.BlueprintSparseR1CAdd{}))
-	addType(reflect.TypeOf(constraint.BlueprintSparseR1CMul{}))
-	addType(reflect.TypeOf(constraint.BlueprintSparseR1CBool{}))
-	addType(reflect.TypeOf(constraint.BlueprintLookupHint{}))
-	addType(reflect.TypeOf(constraint.Groth16Commitments{}))
-	addType(reflect.TypeOf(constraint.PlonkCommitments{}))
-
-	return ts
-}
-
 func (s *system) AddGkr(gkr constraint.GkrInfo) error {
 	return s.System.AddGkr(gkr)
 }
diff --git a/constraint/bls12-381/coeff.go b/constraint/bls12-381/coeff.go
index 9eb3786806..1739672e54 100644
--- a/constraint/bls12-381/coeff.go
+++ b/constraint/bls12-381/coeff.go
@@ -17,6 +17,8 @@
 package cs
 
 import (
+	"encoding/binary"
+	"errors"
 	"github.com/consensys/gnark/constraint"
 	"github.com/consensys/gnark/internal/utils"
 	"math/big"
@@ -46,6 +48,42 @@ func newCoeffTable(capacity int) CoeffTable {
 
 }
 
+func (ct *CoeffTable) toBytes() []byte {
+	buf := make([]byte, 0, 8+len(ct.Coefficients)*fr.Bytes)
+	ctLen := uint64(len(ct.Coefficients))
+
+	buf = binary.LittleEndian.AppendUint64(buf, ctLen)
+	for _, c := range ct.Coefficients {
+		for _, w := range c {
+			buf = binary.LittleEndian.AppendUint64(buf, w)
+		}
+	}
+
+	return buf
+}
+
+func (ct *CoeffTable) fromBytes(buf []byte) error {
+	if len(buf) < 8 {
+		return errors.New("invalid buffer size")
+	}
+	ctLen := binary.LittleEndian.Uint64(buf[:8])
+	buf = buf[8:]
+
+	if uint64(len(buf)) < ctLen*fr.Bytes {
+		return errors.New("invalid buffer size")
+	}
+	ct.Coefficients = make([]fr.Element, ctLen)
+	for i := uint64(0); i < ctLen; i++ {
+		var c fr.Element
+		k := int(i) * fr.Bytes
+		for j := 0; j < fr.Limbs; j++ {
+			c[j] = binary.LittleEndian.Uint64(buf[k+j*8 : k+(j+1)*8])
+		}
+		ct.Coefficients[i] = c
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
 func (ct *CoeffTable) AddCoeff(coeff constraint.Element) uint32 {
 	c := (*fr.Element)(coeff[:])
 	var cID uint32
diff --git a/constraint/bls12-381/marshal.go b/constraint/bls12-381/marshal.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ea13e57dad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/constraint/bls12-381/marshal.go
@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+// Copyright 2020 ConsenSys Software Inc.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+// Code generated by gnark DO NOT EDIT
+
+package cs
+
+import (
+	"encoding/binary"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+
+	"github.com/blang/semver/v4"
+)
+
+// WriteTo encodes R1CS into provided io.Writer using cbor
+func (cs *system) WriteTo(w io.Writer) (int64, error) {
+	b, err := cs.System.ToBytes()
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+
+	c := cs.CoeffTable.toBytes()
+
+	totalLen := uint64(len(b) + len(c))
+	gnarkVersion := semver.MustParse(cs.GnarkVersion)
+	// write totalLen, gnarkVersion.Major, gnarkVersion.Minor, gnarkVersion.Patch using
+	// binary.LittleEndian
+	if err := binary.Write(w, binary.LittleEndian, totalLen); err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+	if err := binary.Write(w, binary.LittleEndian, gnarkVersion.Major); err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+	if err := binary.Write(w, binary.LittleEndian, gnarkVersion.Minor); err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+	if err := binary.Write(w, binary.LittleEndian, gnarkVersion.Patch); err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+
+	// write the system
+	n, err := w.Write(b)
+	if err != nil {
+		return int64(n), err
+	}
+
+	// write the coeff table
+	m, err := w.Write(c)
+	return int64(n+m) + 4*8, err
+}
+
+// ReadFrom attempts to decode R1CS from io.Reader using cbor
+func (cs *system) ReadFrom(r io.Reader) (int64, error) {
+	var totalLen uint64
+	if err := binary.Read(r, binary.LittleEndian, &totalLen); err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+
+	var major, minor, patch uint64
+	if err := binary.Read(r, binary.LittleEndian, &major); err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+	if err := binary.Read(r, binary.LittleEndian, &minor); err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+	if err := binary.Read(r, binary.LittleEndian, &patch); err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+	// TODO @gbotrel validate version, duplicate logic with core.go CheckSerializationHeader
+	if major != 0 || minor < 10 {
+		return 0, fmt.Errorf("unsupported gnark version %d.%d.%d", major, minor, patch)
+	}
+
+	data := make([]byte, totalLen)
+	if _, err := io.ReadFull(r, data); err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+	n, err := cs.System.FromBytes(data)
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+	data = data[n:]
+
+	if err := cs.CoeffTable.fromBytes(data); err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+
+	return int64(totalLen) + 4*8, nil
+}
diff --git a/constraint/bls12-381/solver.go b/constraint/bls12-381/solver.go
index e2e4d66eb3..2b34205362 100644
--- a/constraint/bls12-381/solver.go
+++ b/constraint/bls12-381/solver.go
@@ -437,7 +437,7 @@ func (solver *solver) run() error {
 	// then we check that the constraint is valid
 	// if a[i] * b[i] != c[i]; it means the constraint is not satisfied
 	var wg sync.WaitGroup
-	chTasks := make(chan []int, solver.nbTasks)
+	chTasks := make(chan []uint32, solver.nbTasks)
 	chError := make(chan error, solver.nbTasks)
 
 	// start a worker pool
diff --git a/constraint/bls12-381/system.go b/constraint/bls12-381/system.go
index 911294fd9f..a27133a240 100644
--- a/constraint/bls12-381/system.go
+++ b/constraint/bls12-381/system.go
@@ -17,16 +17,13 @@
 package cs
 
 import (
-	"github.com/fxamacker/cbor/v2"
 	"io"
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/consensys/gnark/backend/witness"
 	"github.com/consensys/gnark/constraint"
 	csolver "github.com/consensys/gnark/constraint/solver"
-	"github.com/consensys/gnark/internal/backend/ioutils"
 	"github.com/consensys/gnark/logger"
-	"reflect"
 
 	"github.com/consensys/gnark-crypto/ecc"
 
@@ -149,55 +146,6 @@ func (cs *system) CurveID() ecc.ID {
 	return ecc.BLS12_381
 }
 
-// WriteTo encodes R1CS into provided io.Writer using cbor
-func (cs *system) WriteTo(w io.Writer) (int64, error) {
-	_w := ioutils.WriterCounter{W: w} // wraps writer to count the bytes written
-	ts := getTagSet()
-	enc, err := cbor.CoreDetEncOptions().EncModeWithTags(ts)
-	if err != nil {
-		return 0, err
-	}
-	encoder := enc.NewEncoder(&_w)
-
-	// encode our object
-	err = encoder.Encode(cs)
-	return _w.N, err
-}
-
-// ReadFrom attempts to decode R1CS from io.Reader using cbor
-func (cs *system) ReadFrom(r io.Reader) (int64, error) {
-	ts := getTagSet()
-	dm, err := cbor.DecOptions{
-		MaxArrayElements: 2147483647,
-		MaxMapPairs:      2147483647,
-	}.DecModeWithTags(ts)
-
-	if err != nil {
-		return 0, err
-	}
-	decoder := dm.NewDecoder(r)
-
-	// initialize coeff table
-	cs.CoeffTable = newCoeffTable(0)
-
-	if err := decoder.Decode(&cs); err != nil {
-		return int64(decoder.NumBytesRead()), err
-	}
-
-	if err := cs.CheckSerializationHeader(); err != nil {
-		return int64(decoder.NumBytesRead()), err
-	}
-
-	switch v := cs.CommitmentInfo.(type) {
-	case *constraint.Groth16Commitments:
-		cs.CommitmentInfo = *v
-	case *constraint.PlonkCommitments:
-		cs.CommitmentInfo = *v
-	}
-
-	return int64(decoder.NumBytesRead()), nil
-}
-
 func (cs *system) GetCoefficient(i int) (r constraint.Element) {
 	copy(r[:], cs.Coefficients[i][:])
 	return
@@ -351,36 +299,6 @@ func (t *SparseR1CSSolution) ReadFrom(r io.Reader) (int64, error) {
 	return n, err
 }
 
-func getTagSet() cbor.TagSet {
-	// temporary for refactor
-	ts := cbor.NewTagSet()
-	// https://www.iana.org/assignments/cbor-tags/cbor-tags.xhtml
-	// 65536-15309735 Unassigned
-	tagNum := uint64(5309735)
-	addType := func(t reflect.Type) {
-		if err := ts.Add(
-			cbor.TagOptions{EncTag: cbor.EncTagRequired, DecTag: cbor.DecTagRequired},
-			t,
-			tagNum,
-		); err != nil {
-			panic(err)
-		}
-		tagNum++
-	}
-
-	addType(reflect.TypeOf(constraint.BlueprintGenericHint{}))
-	addType(reflect.TypeOf(constraint.BlueprintGenericR1C{}))
-	addType(reflect.TypeOf(constraint.BlueprintGenericSparseR1C{}))
-	addType(reflect.TypeOf(constraint.BlueprintSparseR1CAdd{}))
-	addType(reflect.TypeOf(constraint.BlueprintSparseR1CMul{}))
-	addType(reflect.TypeOf(constraint.BlueprintSparseR1CBool{}))
-	addType(reflect.TypeOf(constraint.BlueprintLookupHint{}))
-	addType(reflect.TypeOf(constraint.Groth16Commitments{}))
-	addType(reflect.TypeOf(constraint.PlonkCommitments{}))
-
-	return ts
-}
-
 func (s *system) AddGkr(gkr constraint.GkrInfo) error {
 	return s.System.AddGkr(gkr)
 }
diff --git a/constraint/bls24-315/coeff.go b/constraint/bls24-315/coeff.go
index 084652f545..83d5fe1f43 100644
--- a/constraint/bls24-315/coeff.go
+++ b/constraint/bls24-315/coeff.go
@@ -17,6 +17,8 @@
 package cs
 
 import (
+	"encoding/binary"
+	"errors"
 	"github.com/consensys/gnark/constraint"
 	"github.com/consensys/gnark/internal/utils"
 	"math/big"
@@ -46,6 +48,42 @@ func newCoeffTable(capacity int) CoeffTable {
 
 }
 
+func (ct *CoeffTable) toBytes() []byte {
+	buf := make([]byte, 0, 8+len(ct.Coefficients)*fr.Bytes)
+	ctLen := uint64(len(ct.Coefficients))
+
+	buf = binary.LittleEndian.AppendUint64(buf, ctLen)
+	for _, c := range ct.Coefficients {
+		for _, w := range c {
+			buf = binary.LittleEndian.AppendUint64(buf, w)
+		}
+	}
+
+	return buf
+}
+
+func (ct *CoeffTable) fromBytes(buf []byte) error {
+	if len(buf) < 8 {
+		return errors.New("invalid buffer size")
+	}
+	ctLen := binary.LittleEndian.Uint64(buf[:8])
+	buf = buf[8:]
+
+	if uint64(len(buf)) < ctLen*fr.Bytes {
+		return errors.New("invalid buffer size")
+	}
+	ct.Coefficients = make([]fr.Element, ctLen)
+	for i := uint64(0); i < ctLen; i++ {
+		var c fr.Element
+		k := int(i) * fr.Bytes
+		for j := 0; j < fr.Limbs; j++ {
+			c[j] = binary.LittleEndian.Uint64(buf[k+j*8 : k+(j+1)*8])
+		}
+		ct.Coefficients[i] = c
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
 func (ct *CoeffTable) AddCoeff(coeff constraint.Element) uint32 {
 	c := (*fr.Element)(coeff[:])
 	var cID uint32
diff --git a/constraint/bls24-315/marshal.go b/constraint/bls24-315/marshal.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ea13e57dad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/constraint/bls24-315/marshal.go
@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+// Copyright 2020 ConsenSys Software Inc.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+// Code generated by gnark DO NOT EDIT
+
+package cs
+
+import (
+	"encoding/binary"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+
+	"github.com/blang/semver/v4"
+)
+
+// WriteTo encodes R1CS into provided io.Writer using cbor
+func (cs *system) WriteTo(w io.Writer) (int64, error) {
+	b, err := cs.System.ToBytes()
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+
+	c := cs.CoeffTable.toBytes()
+
+	totalLen := uint64(len(b) + len(c))
+	gnarkVersion := semver.MustParse(cs.GnarkVersion)
+	// write totalLen, gnarkVersion.Major, gnarkVersion.Minor, gnarkVersion.Patch using
+	// binary.LittleEndian
+	if err := binary.Write(w, binary.LittleEndian, totalLen); err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+	if err := binary.Write(w, binary.LittleEndian, gnarkVersion.Major); err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+	if err := binary.Write(w, binary.LittleEndian, gnarkVersion.Minor); err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+	if err := binary.Write(w, binary.LittleEndian, gnarkVersion.Patch); err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+
+	// write the system
+	n, err := w.Write(b)
+	if err != nil {
+		return int64(n), err
+	}
+
+	// write the coeff table
+	m, err := w.Write(c)
+	return int64(n+m) + 4*8, err
+}
+
+// ReadFrom attempts to decode R1CS from io.Reader using cbor
+func (cs *system) ReadFrom(r io.Reader) (int64, error) {
+	var totalLen uint64
+	if err := binary.Read(r, binary.LittleEndian, &totalLen); err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+
+	var major, minor, patch uint64
+	if err := binary.Read(r, binary.LittleEndian, &major); err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+	if err := binary.Read(r, binary.LittleEndian, &minor); err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+	if err := binary.Read(r, binary.LittleEndian, &patch); err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+	// TODO @gbotrel validate version, duplicate logic with core.go CheckSerializationHeader
+	if major != 0 || minor < 10 {
+		return 0, fmt.Errorf("unsupported gnark version %d.%d.%d", major, minor, patch)
+	}
+
+	data := make([]byte, totalLen)
+	if _, err := io.ReadFull(r, data); err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+	n, err := cs.System.FromBytes(data)
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+	data = data[n:]
+
+	if err := cs.CoeffTable.fromBytes(data); err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+
+	return int64(totalLen) + 4*8, nil
+}
diff --git a/constraint/bls24-315/solver.go b/constraint/bls24-315/solver.go
index 27d316ac43..f67e5f9ee1 100644
--- a/constraint/bls24-315/solver.go
+++ b/constraint/bls24-315/solver.go
@@ -437,7 +437,7 @@ func (solver *solver) run() error {
 	// then we check that the constraint is valid
 	// if a[i] * b[i] != c[i]; it means the constraint is not satisfied
 	var wg sync.WaitGroup
-	chTasks := make(chan []int, solver.nbTasks)
+	chTasks := make(chan []uint32, solver.nbTasks)
 	chError := make(chan error, solver.nbTasks)
 
 	// start a worker pool
diff --git a/constraint/bls24-315/system.go b/constraint/bls24-315/system.go
index 5bdb86eda6..cccd0e606c 100644
--- a/constraint/bls24-315/system.go
+++ b/constraint/bls24-315/system.go
@@ -17,16 +17,13 @@
 package cs
 
 import (
-	"github.com/fxamacker/cbor/v2"
 	"io"
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/consensys/gnark/backend/witness"
 	"github.com/consensys/gnark/constraint"
 	csolver "github.com/consensys/gnark/constraint/solver"
-	"github.com/consensys/gnark/internal/backend/ioutils"
 	"github.com/consensys/gnark/logger"
-	"reflect"
 
 	"github.com/consensys/gnark-crypto/ecc"
 
@@ -149,55 +146,6 @@ func (cs *system) CurveID() ecc.ID {
 	return ecc.BLS24_315
 }
 
-// WriteTo encodes R1CS into provided io.Writer using cbor
-func (cs *system) WriteTo(w io.Writer) (int64, error) {
-	_w := ioutils.WriterCounter{W: w} // wraps writer to count the bytes written
-	ts := getTagSet()
-	enc, err := cbor.CoreDetEncOptions().EncModeWithTags(ts)
-	if err != nil {
-		return 0, err
-	}
-	encoder := enc.NewEncoder(&_w)
-
-	// encode our object
-	err = encoder.Encode(cs)
-	return _w.N, err
-}
-
-// ReadFrom attempts to decode R1CS from io.Reader using cbor
-func (cs *system) ReadFrom(r io.Reader) (int64, error) {
-	ts := getTagSet()
-	dm, err := cbor.DecOptions{
-		MaxArrayElements: 2147483647,
-		MaxMapPairs:      2147483647,
-	}.DecModeWithTags(ts)
-
-	if err != nil {
-		return 0, err
-	}
-	decoder := dm.NewDecoder(r)
-
-	// initialize coeff table
-	cs.CoeffTable = newCoeffTable(0)
-
-	if err := decoder.Decode(&cs); err != nil {
-		return int64(decoder.NumBytesRead()), err
-	}
-
-	if err := cs.CheckSerializationHeader(); err != nil {
-		return int64(decoder.NumBytesRead()), err
-	}
-
-	switch v := cs.CommitmentInfo.(type) {
-	case *constraint.Groth16Commitments:
-		cs.CommitmentInfo = *v
-	case *constraint.PlonkCommitments:
-		cs.CommitmentInfo = *v
-	}
-
-	return int64(decoder.NumBytesRead()), nil
-}
-
 func (cs *system) GetCoefficient(i int) (r constraint.Element) {
 	copy(r[:], cs.Coefficients[i][:])
 	return
@@ -351,36 +299,6 @@ func (t *SparseR1CSSolution) ReadFrom(r io.Reader) (int64, error) {
 	return n, err
 }
 
-func getTagSet() cbor.TagSet {
-	// temporary for refactor
-	ts := cbor.NewTagSet()
-	// https://www.iana.org/assignments/cbor-tags/cbor-tags.xhtml
-	// 65536-15309735 Unassigned
-	tagNum := uint64(5309735)
-	addType := func(t reflect.Type) {
-		if err := ts.Add(
-			cbor.TagOptions{EncTag: cbor.EncTagRequired, DecTag: cbor.DecTagRequired},
-			t,
-			tagNum,
-		); err != nil {
-			panic(err)
-		}
-		tagNum++
-	}
-
-	addType(reflect.TypeOf(constraint.BlueprintGenericHint{}))
-	addType(reflect.TypeOf(constraint.BlueprintGenericR1C{}))
-	addType(reflect.TypeOf(constraint.BlueprintGenericSparseR1C{}))
-	addType(reflect.TypeOf(constraint.BlueprintSparseR1CAdd{}))
-	addType(reflect.TypeOf(constraint.BlueprintSparseR1CMul{}))
-	addType(reflect.TypeOf(constraint.BlueprintSparseR1CBool{}))
-	addType(reflect.TypeOf(constraint.BlueprintLookupHint{}))
-	addType(reflect.TypeOf(constraint.Groth16Commitments{}))
-	addType(reflect.TypeOf(constraint.PlonkCommitments{}))
-
-	return ts
-}
-
 func (s *system) AddGkr(gkr constraint.GkrInfo) error {
 	return s.System.AddGkr(gkr)
 }
diff --git a/constraint/bls24-317/coeff.go b/constraint/bls24-317/coeff.go
index 5df92edf1b..88c7138581 100644
--- a/constraint/bls24-317/coeff.go
+++ b/constraint/bls24-317/coeff.go
@@ -17,6 +17,8 @@
 package cs
 
 import (
+	"encoding/binary"
+	"errors"
 	"github.com/consensys/gnark/constraint"
 	"github.com/consensys/gnark/internal/utils"
 	"math/big"
@@ -46,6 +48,42 @@ func newCoeffTable(capacity int) CoeffTable {
 
 }
 
+func (ct *CoeffTable) toBytes() []byte {
+	buf := make([]byte, 0, 8+len(ct.Coefficients)*fr.Bytes)
+	ctLen := uint64(len(ct.Coefficients))
+
+	buf = binary.LittleEndian.AppendUint64(buf, ctLen)
+	for _, c := range ct.Coefficients {
+		for _, w := range c {
+			buf = binary.LittleEndian.AppendUint64(buf, w)
+		}
+	}
+
+	return buf
+}
+
+func (ct *CoeffTable) fromBytes(buf []byte) error {
+	if len(buf) < 8 {
+		return errors.New("invalid buffer size")
+	}
+	ctLen := binary.LittleEndian.Uint64(buf[:8])
+	buf = buf[8:]
+
+	if uint64(len(buf)) < ctLen*fr.Bytes {
+		return errors.New("invalid buffer size")
+	}
+	ct.Coefficients = make([]fr.Element, ctLen)
+	for i := uint64(0); i < ctLen; i++ {
+		var c fr.Element
+		k := int(i) * fr.Bytes
+		for j := 0; j < fr.Limbs; j++ {
+			c[j] = binary.LittleEndian.Uint64(buf[k+j*8 : k+(j+1)*8])
+		}
+		ct.Coefficients[i] = c
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
 func (ct *CoeffTable) AddCoeff(coeff constraint.Element) uint32 {
 	c := (*fr.Element)(coeff[:])
 	var cID uint32
diff --git a/constraint/bls24-317/marshal.go b/constraint/bls24-317/marshal.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ea13e57dad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/constraint/bls24-317/marshal.go
@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+// Copyright 2020 ConsenSys Software Inc.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+// Code generated by gnark DO NOT EDIT
+
+package cs
+
+import (
+	"encoding/binary"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+
+	"github.com/blang/semver/v4"
+)
+
+// WriteTo encodes R1CS into provided io.Writer using cbor
+func (cs *system) WriteTo(w io.Writer) (int64, error) {
+	b, err := cs.System.ToBytes()
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+
+	c := cs.CoeffTable.toBytes()
+
+	totalLen := uint64(len(b) + len(c))
+	gnarkVersion := semver.MustParse(cs.GnarkVersion)
+	// write totalLen, gnarkVersion.Major, gnarkVersion.Minor, gnarkVersion.Patch using
+	// binary.LittleEndian
+	if err := binary.Write(w, binary.LittleEndian, totalLen); err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+	if err := binary.Write(w, binary.LittleEndian, gnarkVersion.Major); err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+	if err := binary.Write(w, binary.LittleEndian, gnarkVersion.Minor); err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+	if err := binary.Write(w, binary.LittleEndian, gnarkVersion.Patch); err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+
+	// write the system
+	n, err := w.Write(b)
+	if err != nil {
+		return int64(n), err
+	}
+
+	// write the coeff table
+	m, err := w.Write(c)
+	return int64(n+m) + 4*8, err
+}
+
+// ReadFrom attempts to decode R1CS from io.Reader using cbor
+func (cs *system) ReadFrom(r io.Reader) (int64, error) {
+	var totalLen uint64
+	if err := binary.Read(r, binary.LittleEndian, &totalLen); err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+
+	var major, minor, patch uint64
+	if err := binary.Read(r, binary.LittleEndian, &major); err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+	if err := binary.Read(r, binary.LittleEndian, &minor); err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+	if err := binary.Read(r, binary.LittleEndian, &patch); err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+	// TODO @gbotrel validate version, duplicate logic with core.go CheckSerializationHeader
+	if major != 0 || minor < 10 {
+		return 0, fmt.Errorf("unsupported gnark version %d.%d.%d", major, minor, patch)
+	}
+
+	data := make([]byte, totalLen)
+	if _, err := io.ReadFull(r, data); err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+	n, err := cs.System.FromBytes(data)
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+	data = data[n:]
+
+	if err := cs.CoeffTable.fromBytes(data); err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+
+	return int64(totalLen) + 4*8, nil
+}
diff --git a/constraint/bls24-317/solver.go b/constraint/bls24-317/solver.go
index 66306de96a..d07747acd9 100644
--- a/constraint/bls24-317/solver.go
+++ b/constraint/bls24-317/solver.go
@@ -437,7 +437,7 @@ func (solver *solver) run() error {
 	// then we check that the constraint is valid
 	// if a[i] * b[i] != c[i]; it means the constraint is not satisfied
 	var wg sync.WaitGroup
-	chTasks := make(chan []int, solver.nbTasks)
+	chTasks := make(chan []uint32, solver.nbTasks)
 	chError := make(chan error, solver.nbTasks)
 
 	// start a worker pool
diff --git a/constraint/bls24-317/system.go b/constraint/bls24-317/system.go
index 2d9baec5d6..16c70457e0 100644
--- a/constraint/bls24-317/system.go
+++ b/constraint/bls24-317/system.go
@@ -17,16 +17,13 @@
 package cs
 
 import (
-	"github.com/fxamacker/cbor/v2"
 	"io"
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/consensys/gnark/backend/witness"
 	"github.com/consensys/gnark/constraint"
 	csolver "github.com/consensys/gnark/constraint/solver"
-	"github.com/consensys/gnark/internal/backend/ioutils"
 	"github.com/consensys/gnark/logger"
-	"reflect"
 
 	"github.com/consensys/gnark-crypto/ecc"
 
@@ -149,55 +146,6 @@ func (cs *system) CurveID() ecc.ID {
 	return ecc.BLS24_317
 }
 
-// WriteTo encodes R1CS into provided io.Writer using cbor
-func (cs *system) WriteTo(w io.Writer) (int64, error) {
-	_w := ioutils.WriterCounter{W: w} // wraps writer to count the bytes written
-	ts := getTagSet()
-	enc, err := cbor.CoreDetEncOptions().EncModeWithTags(ts)
-	if err != nil {
-		return 0, err
-	}
-	encoder := enc.NewEncoder(&_w)
-
-	// encode our object
-	err = encoder.Encode(cs)
-	return _w.N, err
-}
-
-// ReadFrom attempts to decode R1CS from io.Reader using cbor
-func (cs *system) ReadFrom(r io.Reader) (int64, error) {
-	ts := getTagSet()
-	dm, err := cbor.DecOptions{
-		MaxArrayElements: 2147483647,
-		MaxMapPairs:      2147483647,
-	}.DecModeWithTags(ts)
-
-	if err != nil {
-		return 0, err
-	}
-	decoder := dm.NewDecoder(r)
-
-	// initialize coeff table
-	cs.CoeffTable = newCoeffTable(0)
-
-	if err := decoder.Decode(&cs); err != nil {
-		return int64(decoder.NumBytesRead()), err
-	}
-
-	if err := cs.CheckSerializationHeader(); err != nil {
-		return int64(decoder.NumBytesRead()), err
-	}
-
-	switch v := cs.CommitmentInfo.(type) {
-	case *constraint.Groth16Commitments:
-		cs.CommitmentInfo = *v
-	case *constraint.PlonkCommitments:
-		cs.CommitmentInfo = *v
-	}
-
-	return int64(decoder.NumBytesRead()), nil
-}
-
 func (cs *system) GetCoefficient(i int) (r constraint.Element) {
 	copy(r[:], cs.Coefficients[i][:])
 	return
@@ -351,36 +299,6 @@ func (t *SparseR1CSSolution) ReadFrom(r io.Reader) (int64, error) {
 	return n, err
 }
 
-func getTagSet() cbor.TagSet {
-	// temporary for refactor
-	ts := cbor.NewTagSet()
-	// https://www.iana.org/assignments/cbor-tags/cbor-tags.xhtml
-	// 65536-15309735 Unassigned
-	tagNum := uint64(5309735)
-	addType := func(t reflect.Type) {
-		if err := ts.Add(
-			cbor.TagOptions{EncTag: cbor.EncTagRequired, DecTag: cbor.DecTagRequired},
-			t,
-			tagNum,
-		); err != nil {
-			panic(err)
-		}
-		tagNum++
-	}
-
-	addType(reflect.TypeOf(constraint.BlueprintGenericHint{}))
-	addType(reflect.TypeOf(constraint.BlueprintGenericR1C{}))
-	addType(reflect.TypeOf(constraint.BlueprintGenericSparseR1C{}))
-	addType(reflect.TypeOf(constraint.BlueprintSparseR1CAdd{}))
-	addType(reflect.TypeOf(constraint.BlueprintSparseR1CMul{}))
-	addType(reflect.TypeOf(constraint.BlueprintSparseR1CBool{}))
-	addType(reflect.TypeOf(constraint.BlueprintLookupHint{}))
-	addType(reflect.TypeOf(constraint.Groth16Commitments{}))
-	addType(reflect.TypeOf(constraint.PlonkCommitments{}))
-
-	return ts
-}
-
 func (s *system) AddGkr(gkr constraint.GkrInfo) error {
 	return s.System.AddGkr(gkr)
 }
diff --git a/constraint/bn254/coeff.go b/constraint/bn254/coeff.go
index da49b0e68b..f3a6f2d140 100644
--- a/constraint/bn254/coeff.go
+++ b/constraint/bn254/coeff.go
@@ -17,6 +17,8 @@
 package cs
 
 import (
+	"encoding/binary"
+	"errors"
 	"github.com/consensys/gnark/constraint"
 	"github.com/consensys/gnark/internal/utils"
 	"math/big"
@@ -46,6 +48,42 @@ func newCoeffTable(capacity int) CoeffTable {
 
 }
 
+func (ct *CoeffTable) toBytes() []byte {
+	buf := make([]byte, 0, 8+len(ct.Coefficients)*fr.Bytes)
+	ctLen := uint64(len(ct.Coefficients))
+
+	buf = binary.LittleEndian.AppendUint64(buf, ctLen)
+	for _, c := range ct.Coefficients {
+		for _, w := range c {
+			buf = binary.LittleEndian.AppendUint64(buf, w)
+		}
+	}
+
+	return buf
+}
+
+func (ct *CoeffTable) fromBytes(buf []byte) error {
+	if len(buf) < 8 {
+		return errors.New("invalid buffer size")
+	}
+	ctLen := binary.LittleEndian.Uint64(buf[:8])
+	buf = buf[8:]
+
+	if uint64(len(buf)) < ctLen*fr.Bytes {
+		return errors.New("invalid buffer size")
+	}
+	ct.Coefficients = make([]fr.Element, ctLen)
+	for i := uint64(0); i < ctLen; i++ {
+		var c fr.Element
+		k := int(i) * fr.Bytes
+		for j := 0; j < fr.Limbs; j++ {
+			c[j] = binary.LittleEndian.Uint64(buf[k+j*8 : k+(j+1)*8])
+		}
+		ct.Coefficients[i] = c
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
 func (ct *CoeffTable) AddCoeff(coeff constraint.Element) uint32 {
 	c := (*fr.Element)(coeff[:])
 	var cID uint32
diff --git a/constraint/bn254/marshal.go b/constraint/bn254/marshal.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ea13e57dad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/constraint/bn254/marshal.go
@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+// Copyright 2020 ConsenSys Software Inc.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+// Code generated by gnark DO NOT EDIT
+
+package cs
+
+import (
+	"encoding/binary"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+
+	"github.com/blang/semver/v4"
+)
+
+// WriteTo encodes R1CS into provided io.Writer using cbor
+func (cs *system) WriteTo(w io.Writer) (int64, error) {
+	b, err := cs.System.ToBytes()
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+
+	c := cs.CoeffTable.toBytes()
+
+	totalLen := uint64(len(b) + len(c))
+	gnarkVersion := semver.MustParse(cs.GnarkVersion)
+	// write totalLen, gnarkVersion.Major, gnarkVersion.Minor, gnarkVersion.Patch using
+	// binary.LittleEndian
+	if err := binary.Write(w, binary.LittleEndian, totalLen); err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+	if err := binary.Write(w, binary.LittleEndian, gnarkVersion.Major); err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+	if err := binary.Write(w, binary.LittleEndian, gnarkVersion.Minor); err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+	if err := binary.Write(w, binary.LittleEndian, gnarkVersion.Patch); err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+
+	// write the system
+	n, err := w.Write(b)
+	if err != nil {
+		return int64(n), err
+	}
+
+	// write the coeff table
+	m, err := w.Write(c)
+	return int64(n+m) + 4*8, err
+}
+
+// ReadFrom attempts to decode R1CS from io.Reader using cbor
+func (cs *system) ReadFrom(r io.Reader) (int64, error) {
+	var totalLen uint64
+	if err := binary.Read(r, binary.LittleEndian, &totalLen); err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+
+	var major, minor, patch uint64
+	if err := binary.Read(r, binary.LittleEndian, &major); err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+	if err := binary.Read(r, binary.LittleEndian, &minor); err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+	if err := binary.Read(r, binary.LittleEndian, &patch); err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+	// TODO @gbotrel validate version, duplicate logic with core.go CheckSerializationHeader
+	if major != 0 || minor < 10 {
+		return 0, fmt.Errorf("unsupported gnark version %d.%d.%d", major, minor, patch)
+	}
+
+	data := make([]byte, totalLen)
+	if _, err := io.ReadFull(r, data); err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+	n, err := cs.System.FromBytes(data)
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+	data = data[n:]
+
+	if err := cs.CoeffTable.fromBytes(data); err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+
+	return int64(totalLen) + 4*8, nil
+}
diff --git a/constraint/bn254/solver.go b/constraint/bn254/solver.go
index f1d11446ec..9f59979c46 100644
--- a/constraint/bn254/solver.go
+++ b/constraint/bn254/solver.go
@@ -437,7 +437,7 @@ func (solver *solver) run() error {
 	// then we check that the constraint is valid
 	// if a[i] * b[i] != c[i]; it means the constraint is not satisfied
 	var wg sync.WaitGroup
-	chTasks := make(chan []int, solver.nbTasks)
+	chTasks := make(chan []uint32, solver.nbTasks)
 	chError := make(chan error, solver.nbTasks)
 
 	// start a worker pool
diff --git a/constraint/bn254/system.go b/constraint/bn254/system.go
index 48c0eca7b7..abf6fa2038 100644
--- a/constraint/bn254/system.go
+++ b/constraint/bn254/system.go
@@ -17,16 +17,13 @@
 package cs
 
 import (
-	"github.com/fxamacker/cbor/v2"
 	"io"
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/consensys/gnark/backend/witness"
 	"github.com/consensys/gnark/constraint"
 	csolver "github.com/consensys/gnark/constraint/solver"
-	"github.com/consensys/gnark/internal/backend/ioutils"
 	"github.com/consensys/gnark/logger"
-	"reflect"
 
 	"github.com/consensys/gnark-crypto/ecc"
 
@@ -149,55 +146,6 @@ func (cs *system) CurveID() ecc.ID {
 	return ecc.BN254
 }
 
-// WriteTo encodes R1CS into provided io.Writer using cbor
-func (cs *system) WriteTo(w io.Writer) (int64, error) {
-	_w := ioutils.WriterCounter{W: w} // wraps writer to count the bytes written
-	ts := getTagSet()
-	enc, err := cbor.CoreDetEncOptions().EncModeWithTags(ts)
-	if err != nil {
-		return 0, err
-	}
-	encoder := enc.NewEncoder(&_w)
-
-	// encode our object
-	err = encoder.Encode(cs)
-	return _w.N, err
-}
-
-// ReadFrom attempts to decode R1CS from io.Reader using cbor
-func (cs *system) ReadFrom(r io.Reader) (int64, error) {
-	ts := getTagSet()
-	dm, err := cbor.DecOptions{
-		MaxArrayElements: 2147483647,
-		MaxMapPairs:      2147483647,
-	}.DecModeWithTags(ts)
-
-	if err != nil {
-		return 0, err
-	}
-	decoder := dm.NewDecoder(r)
-
-	// initialize coeff table
-	cs.CoeffTable = newCoeffTable(0)
-
-	if err := decoder.Decode(&cs); err != nil {
-		return int64(decoder.NumBytesRead()), err
-	}
-
-	if err := cs.CheckSerializationHeader(); err != nil {
-		return int64(decoder.NumBytesRead()), err
-	}
-
-	switch v := cs.CommitmentInfo.(type) {
-	case *constraint.Groth16Commitments:
-		cs.CommitmentInfo = *v
-	case *constraint.PlonkCommitments:
-		cs.CommitmentInfo = *v
-	}
-
-	return int64(decoder.NumBytesRead()), nil
-}
-
 func (cs *system) GetCoefficient(i int) (r constraint.Element) {
 	copy(r[:], cs.Coefficients[i][:])
 	return
@@ -351,36 +299,6 @@ func (t *SparseR1CSSolution) ReadFrom(r io.Reader) (int64, error) {
 	return n, err
 }
 
-func getTagSet() cbor.TagSet {
-	// temporary for refactor
-	ts := cbor.NewTagSet()
-	// https://www.iana.org/assignments/cbor-tags/cbor-tags.xhtml
-	// 65536-15309735 Unassigned
-	tagNum := uint64(5309735)
-	addType := func(t reflect.Type) {
-		if err := ts.Add(
-			cbor.TagOptions{EncTag: cbor.EncTagRequired, DecTag: cbor.DecTagRequired},
-			t,
-			tagNum,
-		); err != nil {
-			panic(err)
-		}
-		tagNum++
-	}
-
-	addType(reflect.TypeOf(constraint.BlueprintGenericHint{}))
-	addType(reflect.TypeOf(constraint.BlueprintGenericR1C{}))
-	addType(reflect.TypeOf(constraint.BlueprintGenericSparseR1C{}))
-	addType(reflect.TypeOf(constraint.BlueprintSparseR1CAdd{}))
-	addType(reflect.TypeOf(constraint.BlueprintSparseR1CMul{}))
-	addType(reflect.TypeOf(constraint.BlueprintSparseR1CBool{}))
-	addType(reflect.TypeOf(constraint.BlueprintLookupHint{}))
-	addType(reflect.TypeOf(constraint.Groth16Commitments{}))
-	addType(reflect.TypeOf(constraint.PlonkCommitments{}))
-
-	return ts
-}
-
 func (s *system) AddGkr(gkr constraint.GkrInfo) error {
 	return s.System.AddGkr(gkr)
 }
diff --git a/constraint/bw6-633/coeff.go b/constraint/bw6-633/coeff.go
index dd1d29ad18..fe3ce57616 100644
--- a/constraint/bw6-633/coeff.go
+++ b/constraint/bw6-633/coeff.go
@@ -17,6 +17,8 @@
 package cs
 
 import (
+	"encoding/binary"
+	"errors"
 	"github.com/consensys/gnark/constraint"
 	"github.com/consensys/gnark/internal/utils"
 	"math/big"
@@ -46,6 +48,42 @@ func newCoeffTable(capacity int) CoeffTable {
 
 }
 
+func (ct *CoeffTable) toBytes() []byte {
+	buf := make([]byte, 0, 8+len(ct.Coefficients)*fr.Bytes)
+	ctLen := uint64(len(ct.Coefficients))
+
+	buf = binary.LittleEndian.AppendUint64(buf, ctLen)
+	for _, c := range ct.Coefficients {
+		for _, w := range c {
+			buf = binary.LittleEndian.AppendUint64(buf, w)
+		}
+	}
+
+	return buf
+}
+
+func (ct *CoeffTable) fromBytes(buf []byte) error {
+	if len(buf) < 8 {
+		return errors.New("invalid buffer size")
+	}
+	ctLen := binary.LittleEndian.Uint64(buf[:8])
+	buf = buf[8:]
+
+	if uint64(len(buf)) < ctLen*fr.Bytes {
+		return errors.New("invalid buffer size")
+	}
+	ct.Coefficients = make([]fr.Element, ctLen)
+	for i := uint64(0); i < ctLen; i++ {
+		var c fr.Element
+		k := int(i) * fr.Bytes
+		for j := 0; j < fr.Limbs; j++ {
+			c[j] = binary.LittleEndian.Uint64(buf[k+j*8 : k+(j+1)*8])
+		}
+		ct.Coefficients[i] = c
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
 func (ct *CoeffTable) AddCoeff(coeff constraint.Element) uint32 {
 	c := (*fr.Element)(coeff[:])
 	var cID uint32
diff --git a/constraint/bw6-633/marshal.go b/constraint/bw6-633/marshal.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ea13e57dad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/constraint/bw6-633/marshal.go
@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+// Copyright 2020 ConsenSys Software Inc.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+// Code generated by gnark DO NOT EDIT
+
+package cs
+
+import (
+	"encoding/binary"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+
+	"github.com/blang/semver/v4"
+)
+
+// WriteTo encodes R1CS into provided io.Writer using cbor
+func (cs *system) WriteTo(w io.Writer) (int64, error) {
+	b, err := cs.System.ToBytes()
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+
+	c := cs.CoeffTable.toBytes()
+
+	totalLen := uint64(len(b) + len(c))
+	gnarkVersion := semver.MustParse(cs.GnarkVersion)
+	// write totalLen, gnarkVersion.Major, gnarkVersion.Minor, gnarkVersion.Patch using
+	// binary.LittleEndian
+	if err := binary.Write(w, binary.LittleEndian, totalLen); err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+	if err := binary.Write(w, binary.LittleEndian, gnarkVersion.Major); err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+	if err := binary.Write(w, binary.LittleEndian, gnarkVersion.Minor); err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+	if err := binary.Write(w, binary.LittleEndian, gnarkVersion.Patch); err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+
+	// write the system
+	n, err := w.Write(b)
+	if err != nil {
+		return int64(n), err
+	}
+
+	// write the coeff table
+	m, err := w.Write(c)
+	return int64(n+m) + 4*8, err
+}
+
+// ReadFrom attempts to decode R1CS from io.Reader using cbor
+func (cs *system) ReadFrom(r io.Reader) (int64, error) {
+	var totalLen uint64
+	if err := binary.Read(r, binary.LittleEndian, &totalLen); err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+
+	var major, minor, patch uint64
+	if err := binary.Read(r, binary.LittleEndian, &major); err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+	if err := binary.Read(r, binary.LittleEndian, &minor); err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+	if err := binary.Read(r, binary.LittleEndian, &patch); err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+	// TODO @gbotrel validate version, duplicate logic with core.go CheckSerializationHeader
+	if major != 0 || minor < 10 {
+		return 0, fmt.Errorf("unsupported gnark version %d.%d.%d", major, minor, patch)
+	}
+
+	data := make([]byte, totalLen)
+	if _, err := io.ReadFull(r, data); err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+	n, err := cs.System.FromBytes(data)
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+	data = data[n:]
+
+	if err := cs.CoeffTable.fromBytes(data); err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+
+	return int64(totalLen) + 4*8, nil
+}
diff --git a/constraint/bw6-633/solver.go b/constraint/bw6-633/solver.go
index 6e531d5c7b..4b6f647cde 100644
--- a/constraint/bw6-633/solver.go
+++ b/constraint/bw6-633/solver.go
@@ -437,7 +437,7 @@ func (solver *solver) run() error {
 	// then we check that the constraint is valid
 	// if a[i] * b[i] != c[i]; it means the constraint is not satisfied
 	var wg sync.WaitGroup
-	chTasks := make(chan []int, solver.nbTasks)
+	chTasks := make(chan []uint32, solver.nbTasks)
 	chError := make(chan error, solver.nbTasks)
 
 	// start a worker pool
diff --git a/constraint/bw6-633/system.go b/constraint/bw6-633/system.go
index 4b6715f7d6..e0f3d874cf 100644
--- a/constraint/bw6-633/system.go
+++ b/constraint/bw6-633/system.go
@@ -17,16 +17,13 @@
 package cs
 
 import (
-	"github.com/fxamacker/cbor/v2"
 	"io"
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/consensys/gnark/backend/witness"
 	"github.com/consensys/gnark/constraint"
 	csolver "github.com/consensys/gnark/constraint/solver"
-	"github.com/consensys/gnark/internal/backend/ioutils"
 	"github.com/consensys/gnark/logger"
-	"reflect"
 
 	"github.com/consensys/gnark-crypto/ecc"
 
@@ -149,55 +146,6 @@ func (cs *system) CurveID() ecc.ID {
 	return ecc.BW6_633
 }
 
-// WriteTo encodes R1CS into provided io.Writer using cbor
-func (cs *system) WriteTo(w io.Writer) (int64, error) {
-	_w := ioutils.WriterCounter{W: w} // wraps writer to count the bytes written
-	ts := getTagSet()
-	enc, err := cbor.CoreDetEncOptions().EncModeWithTags(ts)
-	if err != nil {
-		return 0, err
-	}
-	encoder := enc.NewEncoder(&_w)
-
-	// encode our object
-	err = encoder.Encode(cs)
-	return _w.N, err
-}
-
-// ReadFrom attempts to decode R1CS from io.Reader using cbor
-func (cs *system) ReadFrom(r io.Reader) (int64, error) {
-	ts := getTagSet()
-	dm, err := cbor.DecOptions{
-		MaxArrayElements: 2147483647,
-		MaxMapPairs:      2147483647,
-	}.DecModeWithTags(ts)
-
-	if err != nil {
-		return 0, err
-	}
-	decoder := dm.NewDecoder(r)
-
-	// initialize coeff table
-	cs.CoeffTable = newCoeffTable(0)
-
-	if err := decoder.Decode(&cs); err != nil {
-		return int64(decoder.NumBytesRead()), err
-	}
-
-	if err := cs.CheckSerializationHeader(); err != nil {
-		return int64(decoder.NumBytesRead()), err
-	}
-
-	switch v := cs.CommitmentInfo.(type) {
-	case *constraint.Groth16Commitments:
-		cs.CommitmentInfo = *v
-	case *constraint.PlonkCommitments:
-		cs.CommitmentInfo = *v
-	}
-
-	return int64(decoder.NumBytesRead()), nil
-}
-
 func (cs *system) GetCoefficient(i int) (r constraint.Element) {
 	copy(r[:], cs.Coefficients[i][:])
 	return
@@ -351,36 +299,6 @@ func (t *SparseR1CSSolution) ReadFrom(r io.Reader) (int64, error) {
 	return n, err
 }
 
-func getTagSet() cbor.TagSet {
-	// temporary for refactor
-	ts := cbor.NewTagSet()
-	// https://www.iana.org/assignments/cbor-tags/cbor-tags.xhtml
-	// 65536-15309735 Unassigned
-	tagNum := uint64(5309735)
-	addType := func(t reflect.Type) {
-		if err := ts.Add(
-			cbor.TagOptions{EncTag: cbor.EncTagRequired, DecTag: cbor.DecTagRequired},
-			t,
-			tagNum,
-		); err != nil {
-			panic(err)
-		}
-		tagNum++
-	}
-
-	addType(reflect.TypeOf(constraint.BlueprintGenericHint{}))
-	addType(reflect.TypeOf(constraint.BlueprintGenericR1C{}))
-	addType(reflect.TypeOf(constraint.BlueprintGenericSparseR1C{}))
-	addType(reflect.TypeOf(constraint.BlueprintSparseR1CAdd{}))
-	addType(reflect.TypeOf(constraint.BlueprintSparseR1CMul{}))
-	addType(reflect.TypeOf(constraint.BlueprintSparseR1CBool{}))
-	addType(reflect.TypeOf(constraint.BlueprintLookupHint{}))
-	addType(reflect.TypeOf(constraint.Groth16Commitments{}))
-	addType(reflect.TypeOf(constraint.PlonkCommitments{}))
-
-	return ts
-}
-
 func (s *system) AddGkr(gkr constraint.GkrInfo) error {
 	return s.System.AddGkr(gkr)
 }
diff --git a/constraint/bw6-761/coeff.go b/constraint/bw6-761/coeff.go
index 506ee5e586..ba271c7e89 100644
--- a/constraint/bw6-761/coeff.go
+++ b/constraint/bw6-761/coeff.go
@@ -17,6 +17,8 @@
 package cs
 
 import (
+	"encoding/binary"
+	"errors"
 	"github.com/consensys/gnark/constraint"
 	"github.com/consensys/gnark/internal/utils"
 	"math/big"
@@ -46,6 +48,42 @@ func newCoeffTable(capacity int) CoeffTable {
 
 }
 
+func (ct *CoeffTable) toBytes() []byte {
+	buf := make([]byte, 0, 8+len(ct.Coefficients)*fr.Bytes)
+	ctLen := uint64(len(ct.Coefficients))
+
+	buf = binary.LittleEndian.AppendUint64(buf, ctLen)
+	for _, c := range ct.Coefficients {
+		for _, w := range c {
+			buf = binary.LittleEndian.AppendUint64(buf, w)
+		}
+	}
+
+	return buf
+}
+
+func (ct *CoeffTable) fromBytes(buf []byte) error {
+	if len(buf) < 8 {
+		return errors.New("invalid buffer size")
+	}
+	ctLen := binary.LittleEndian.Uint64(buf[:8])
+	buf = buf[8:]
+
+	if uint64(len(buf)) < ctLen*fr.Bytes {
+		return errors.New("invalid buffer size")
+	}
+	ct.Coefficients = make([]fr.Element, ctLen)
+	for i := uint64(0); i < ctLen; i++ {
+		var c fr.Element
+		k := int(i) * fr.Bytes
+		for j := 0; j < fr.Limbs; j++ {
+			c[j] = binary.LittleEndian.Uint64(buf[k+j*8 : k+(j+1)*8])
+		}
+		ct.Coefficients[i] = c
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
 func (ct *CoeffTable) AddCoeff(coeff constraint.Element) uint32 {
 	c := (*fr.Element)(coeff[:])
 	var cID uint32
diff --git a/constraint/bw6-761/marshal.go b/constraint/bw6-761/marshal.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ea13e57dad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/constraint/bw6-761/marshal.go
@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+// Copyright 2020 ConsenSys Software Inc.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+// Code generated by gnark DO NOT EDIT
+
+package cs
+
+import (
+	"encoding/binary"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+
+	"github.com/blang/semver/v4"
+)
+
+// WriteTo encodes R1CS into provided io.Writer using cbor
+func (cs *system) WriteTo(w io.Writer) (int64, error) {
+	b, err := cs.System.ToBytes()
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+
+	c := cs.CoeffTable.toBytes()
+
+	totalLen := uint64(len(b) + len(c))
+	gnarkVersion := semver.MustParse(cs.GnarkVersion)
+	// write totalLen, gnarkVersion.Major, gnarkVersion.Minor, gnarkVersion.Patch using
+	// binary.LittleEndian
+	if err := binary.Write(w, binary.LittleEndian, totalLen); err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+	if err := binary.Write(w, binary.LittleEndian, gnarkVersion.Major); err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+	if err := binary.Write(w, binary.LittleEndian, gnarkVersion.Minor); err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+	if err := binary.Write(w, binary.LittleEndian, gnarkVersion.Patch); err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+
+	// write the system
+	n, err := w.Write(b)
+	if err != nil {
+		return int64(n), err
+	}
+
+	// write the coeff table
+	m, err := w.Write(c)
+	return int64(n+m) + 4*8, err
+}
+
+// ReadFrom attempts to decode R1CS from io.Reader using cbor
+func (cs *system) ReadFrom(r io.Reader) (int64, error) {
+	var totalLen uint64
+	if err := binary.Read(r, binary.LittleEndian, &totalLen); err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+
+	var major, minor, patch uint64
+	if err := binary.Read(r, binary.LittleEndian, &major); err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+	if err := binary.Read(r, binary.LittleEndian, &minor); err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+	if err := binary.Read(r, binary.LittleEndian, &patch); err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+	// TODO @gbotrel validate version, duplicate logic with core.go CheckSerializationHeader
+	if major != 0 || minor < 10 {
+		return 0, fmt.Errorf("unsupported gnark version %d.%d.%d", major, minor, patch)
+	}
+
+	data := make([]byte, totalLen)
+	if _, err := io.ReadFull(r, data); err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+	n, err := cs.System.FromBytes(data)
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+	data = data[n:]
+
+	if err := cs.CoeffTable.fromBytes(data); err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+
+	return int64(totalLen) + 4*8, nil
+}
diff --git a/constraint/bw6-761/solver.go b/constraint/bw6-761/solver.go
index c28a80cf03..edfc3f53d7 100644
--- a/constraint/bw6-761/solver.go
+++ b/constraint/bw6-761/solver.go
@@ -437,7 +437,7 @@ func (solver *solver) run() error {
 	// then we check that the constraint is valid
 	// if a[i] * b[i] != c[i]; it means the constraint is not satisfied
 	var wg sync.WaitGroup
-	chTasks := make(chan []int, solver.nbTasks)
+	chTasks := make(chan []uint32, solver.nbTasks)
 	chError := make(chan error, solver.nbTasks)
 
 	// start a worker pool
diff --git a/constraint/bw6-761/system.go b/constraint/bw6-761/system.go
index 7909122cf8..089322639b 100644
--- a/constraint/bw6-761/system.go
+++ b/constraint/bw6-761/system.go
@@ -17,16 +17,13 @@
 package cs
 
 import (
-	"github.com/fxamacker/cbor/v2"
 	"io"
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/consensys/gnark/backend/witness"
 	"github.com/consensys/gnark/constraint"
 	csolver "github.com/consensys/gnark/constraint/solver"
-	"github.com/consensys/gnark/internal/backend/ioutils"
 	"github.com/consensys/gnark/logger"
-	"reflect"
 
 	"github.com/consensys/gnark-crypto/ecc"
 
@@ -149,55 +146,6 @@ func (cs *system) CurveID() ecc.ID {
 	return ecc.BW6_761
 }
 
-// WriteTo encodes R1CS into provided io.Writer using cbor
-func (cs *system) WriteTo(w io.Writer) (int64, error) {
-	_w := ioutils.WriterCounter{W: w} // wraps writer to count the bytes written
-	ts := getTagSet()
-	enc, err := cbor.CoreDetEncOptions().EncModeWithTags(ts)
-	if err != nil {
-		return 0, err
-	}
-	encoder := enc.NewEncoder(&_w)
-
-	// encode our object
-	err = encoder.Encode(cs)
-	return _w.N, err
-}
-
-// ReadFrom attempts to decode R1CS from io.Reader using cbor
-func (cs *system) ReadFrom(r io.Reader) (int64, error) {
-	ts := getTagSet()
-	dm, err := cbor.DecOptions{
-		MaxArrayElements: 2147483647,
-		MaxMapPairs:      2147483647,
-	}.DecModeWithTags(ts)
-
-	if err != nil {
-		return 0, err
-	}
-	decoder := dm.NewDecoder(r)
-
-	// initialize coeff table
-	cs.CoeffTable = newCoeffTable(0)
-
-	if err := decoder.Decode(&cs); err != nil {
-		return int64(decoder.NumBytesRead()), err
-	}
-
-	if err := cs.CheckSerializationHeader(); err != nil {
-		return int64(decoder.NumBytesRead()), err
-	}
-
-	switch v := cs.CommitmentInfo.(type) {
-	case *constraint.Groth16Commitments:
-		cs.CommitmentInfo = *v
-	case *constraint.PlonkCommitments:
-		cs.CommitmentInfo = *v
-	}
-
-	return int64(decoder.NumBytesRead()), nil
-}
-
 func (cs *system) GetCoefficient(i int) (r constraint.Element) {
 	copy(r[:], cs.Coefficients[i][:])
 	return
@@ -351,36 +299,6 @@ func (t *SparseR1CSSolution) ReadFrom(r io.Reader) (int64, error) {
 	return n, err
 }
 
-func getTagSet() cbor.TagSet {
-	// temporary for refactor
-	ts := cbor.NewTagSet()
-	// https://www.iana.org/assignments/cbor-tags/cbor-tags.xhtml
-	// 65536-15309735 Unassigned
-	tagNum := uint64(5309735)
-	addType := func(t reflect.Type) {
-		if err := ts.Add(
-			cbor.TagOptions{EncTag: cbor.EncTagRequired, DecTag: cbor.DecTagRequired},
-			t,
-			tagNum,
-		); err != nil {
-			panic(err)
-		}
-		tagNum++
-	}
-
-	addType(reflect.TypeOf(constraint.BlueprintGenericHint{}))
-	addType(reflect.TypeOf(constraint.BlueprintGenericR1C{}))
-	addType(reflect.TypeOf(constraint.BlueprintGenericSparseR1C{}))
-	addType(reflect.TypeOf(constraint.BlueprintSparseR1CAdd{}))
-	addType(reflect.TypeOf(constraint.BlueprintSparseR1CMul{}))
-	addType(reflect.TypeOf(constraint.BlueprintSparseR1CBool{}))
-	addType(reflect.TypeOf(constraint.BlueprintLookupHint{}))
-	addType(reflect.TypeOf(constraint.Groth16Commitments{}))
-	addType(reflect.TypeOf(constraint.PlonkCommitments{}))
-
-	return ts
-}
-
 func (s *system) AddGkr(gkr constraint.GkrInfo) error {
 	return s.System.AddGkr(gkr)
 }
diff --git a/constraint/core.go b/constraint/core.go
index c37fc4fd10..5d5ff2de43 100644
--- a/constraint/core.go
+++ b/constraint/core.go
@@ -81,9 +81,9 @@ type System struct {
 
 	Type SystemType
 
-	Instructions []PackedInstruction
+	Instructions []PackedInstruction `cbor:"-"`
 	Blueprints   []Blueprint
-	CallData     []uint32 // huge slice.
+	CallData     []uint32 `cbor:"-"`
 
 	// can be != than len(instructions)
 	NbConstraints int
@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ type System struct {
 	// TODO @gbotrel these are currently updated after we add a constraint.
 	// but in case the object is built from a serialized representation
 	// we need to init the level builder lbWireLevel from the existing constraints.
-	Levels [][]int
+	Levels [][]uint32 `cbor:"-"`
 
 	// scalar field
 	q      *big.Int `cbor:"-"`
@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ func NewSystem(scalarField *big.Int, capacity int, t SystemType) System {
 		Instructions:       make([]PackedInstruction, 0, capacity),
 		CallData:           make([]uint32, 0, capacity*8),
 		lbWireLevel:        make([]Level, 0, capacity),
-		Levels:             make([][]int, 0, capacity/2),
+		Levels:             make([][]uint32, 0, capacity/2),
 		CommitmentInfo:     NewCommitments(t),
 	}
 
@@ -409,11 +409,11 @@ func (cs *System) AddInstruction(bID BlueprintID, calldata []uint32) []uint32 {
 
 	// update the instruction dependency tree
 	level := blueprint.UpdateInstructionTree(inst, cs)
-	iID := len(cs.Instructions) - 1
+	iID := uint32(len(cs.Instructions) - 1)
 
 	// we can't skip levels, so appending is fine.
 	if int(level) >= len(cs.Levels) {
-		cs.Levels = append(cs.Levels, []int{iID})
+		cs.Levels = append(cs.Levels, []uint32{iID})
 	} else {
 		cs.Levels[level] = append(cs.Levels[level], iID)
 	}
diff --git a/constraint/marshal.go b/constraint/marshal.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..06a0d2d6b7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/constraint/marshal.go
@@ -0,0 +1,363 @@
+package constraint
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"encoding/binary"
+	"errors"
+	"reflect"
+
+	"github.com/consensys/gnark/internal/backend/ioutils"
+	"github.com/fxamacker/cbor/v2"
+	"golang.org/x/sync/errgroup"
+)
+
+// ToBytes serializes the constraint system to a byte slice
+// This is not meant to be called directly since the constraint.System is embedded in
+// a "curve-typed" system (e.g. bls12-381.system)
+func (cs *System) ToBytes() ([]byte, error) {
+	// we prepare and write 4 distinct blocks of data;
+	// that allow for a more efficient serialization/deserialization (+ parallelism)
+	var calldata, instructions, levels []byte
+	var g errgroup.Group
+	g.Go(func() error {
+		var err error
+		calldata, err = cs.calldataToBytes()
+		return err
+	})
+	g.Go(func() error {
+		var err error
+		instructions, err = cs.instructionsToBytes()
+		return err
+	})
+	g.Go(func() error {
+		var err error
+		levels, err = cs.levelsToBytes()
+		return err
+	})
+	body, err := cs.toBytes()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	if err := g.Wait(); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	// header
+	h := header{
+		levelsLen:       uint64(len(levels)),
+		instructionsLen: uint64(len(instructions)),
+		calldataLen:     uint64(len(calldata)),
+		bodyLen:         uint64(len(body)),
+	}
+
+	// write header
+	buf := h.toBytes()
+	buf = append(buf, levels...)
+	buf = append(buf, instructions...)
+	buf = append(buf, calldata...)
+	buf = append(buf, body...)
+
+	return buf, nil
+}
+
+// FromBytes deserializes the constraint system from a byte slice
+// This is not meant to be called directly since the constraint.System is embedded in
+// a "curve-typed" system (e.g. bls12-381.system)
+func (cs *System) FromBytes(data []byte) (int, error) {
+	if len(data) < headerLen {
+		return 0, errors.New("invalid data length")
+	}
+
+	// read the header which contains the length of each section
+	h := new(header)
+	h.fromBytes(data)
+
+	if len(data) < headerLen+int(h.levelsLen)+int(h.instructionsLen)+int(h.calldataLen)+int(h.bodyLen) {
+		return 0, errors.New("invalid data length")
+	}
+
+	// read the sections in parallel
+	var g errgroup.Group
+	g.Go(func() error {
+		return cs.levelsFromBytes(data[headerLen : headerLen+h.levelsLen])
+	})
+
+	g.Go(func() error {
+		return cs.instructionsFromBytes(data[headerLen+h.levelsLen : headerLen+h.levelsLen+h.instructionsLen])
+	})
+
+	g.Go(func() error {
+		return cs.calldataFromBytes(data[headerLen+h.levelsLen+h.instructionsLen : headerLen+h.levelsLen+h.instructionsLen+h.calldataLen])
+	})
+
+	// CBOR decoding of the constraint system (except what we do directly in binary)
+	ts := getTagSet()
+	dm, err := cbor.DecOptions{
+		MaxArrayElements: 2147483647,
+		MaxMapPairs:      2147483647,
+	}.DecModeWithTags(ts)
+
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+	decoder := dm.NewDecoder(bytes.NewReader(data[headerLen+h.levelsLen+h.instructionsLen+h.calldataLen : headerLen+h.levelsLen+h.instructionsLen+h.calldataLen+h.bodyLen]))
+
+	if err := decoder.Decode(&cs); err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+
+	if err := cs.CheckSerializationHeader(); err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+
+	switch v := cs.CommitmentInfo.(type) {
+	case *Groth16Commitments:
+		cs.CommitmentInfo = *v
+	case *PlonkCommitments:
+		cs.CommitmentInfo = *v
+	}
+
+	if err := g.Wait(); err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+
+	return headerLen + int(h.levelsLen) + int(h.instructionsLen) + int(h.calldataLen) + int(h.bodyLen), nil
+}
+
+func (cs *System) toBytes() ([]byte, error) {
+	// CBOR encoding of the constraint system (except what we do directly in binary)
+	ts := getTagSet()
+	enc, err := cbor.CoreDetEncOptions().EncModeWithTags(ts)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	buf := new(bytes.Buffer)
+	encoder := enc.NewEncoder(buf)
+
+	// encode our object
+	err = encoder.Encode(cs)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	return buf.Bytes(), nil
+}
+
+const headerLen = 4 * 8
+
+type header struct {
+	// length in bytes of each sections
+	levelsLen       uint64
+	instructionsLen uint64
+	calldataLen     uint64
+	bodyLen         uint64
+}
+
+func (h *header) toBytes() []byte {
+	buf := make([]byte, 0, 8*4+h.levelsLen+h.instructionsLen+h.calldataLen+h.bodyLen)
+
+	buf = binary.LittleEndian.AppendUint64(buf, h.levelsLen)
+	buf = binary.LittleEndian.AppendUint64(buf, h.instructionsLen)
+	buf = binary.LittleEndian.AppendUint64(buf, h.calldataLen)
+	buf = binary.LittleEndian.AppendUint64(buf, h.bodyLen)
+
+	return buf
+}
+
+func (h *header) fromBytes(buf []byte) {
+	h.levelsLen = binary.LittleEndian.Uint64(buf[:8])
+	h.instructionsLen = binary.LittleEndian.Uint64(buf[8:16])
+	h.calldataLen = binary.LittleEndian.Uint64(buf[16:24])
+	h.bodyLen = binary.LittleEndian.Uint64(buf[24:32])
+}
+
+func (cs *System) calldataToBytes() ([]byte, error) {
+	// calldata doesn't compress as well as the other sections;
+	// it still give a better size to use intcomp.CompressUint32 here,
+	// and an even better one to use binary.UVarint
+	// but, we keep it simple as it makes deserialization much faster
+	// user is still free to compress the final []byte slice if needed.
+	buf := make([]byte, 0, 8+len(cs.CallData)*binary.MaxVarintLen32)
+	buf = binary.LittleEndian.AppendUint64(buf, uint64(len(cs.CallData)))
+	// binary.LittleEndian.PutUint64(buf, uint64(len(cs.CallData)))
+	// buf = buf[:8+len(cs.CallData)*4]
+	for _, v := range cs.CallData {
+		buf = binary.AppendUvarint(buf, uint64(v))
+		// binary.LittleEndian.PutUint32(buf[8+i*4:8+i*4+4], v)
+	}
+	return buf, nil
+}
+
+func (cs *System) instructionsToBytes() ([]byte, error) {
+	// prepare the []uint32 separated slices for the packed instructions
+	sBlueprintID := make([]uint32, len(cs.Instructions))
+	sConstraintOffset := make([]uint32, len(cs.Instructions))
+	sWireOffset := make([]uint32, len(cs.Instructions))
+	sStartCallData := make([]uint64, len(cs.Instructions))
+
+	// collect them
+	for i, inst := range cs.Instructions {
+		sBlueprintID[i] = uint32(inst.BlueprintID)
+		sConstraintOffset[i] = inst.ConstraintOffset
+		sWireOffset[i] = inst.WireOffset
+		sStartCallData[i] = inst.StartCallData
+	}
+
+	// they compress very well due to their nature (sequential integers)
+	var buf32 []uint32
+	var err error
+	var buf bytes.Buffer
+	buf.Grow(4 * len(cs.Instructions) * 3)
+
+	buf32, err = ioutils.CompressAndWriteUints32(&buf, sBlueprintID, buf32)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	buf32, err = ioutils.CompressAndWriteUints32(&buf, sConstraintOffset, buf32)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	_, err = ioutils.CompressAndWriteUints32(&buf, sWireOffset, buf32)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	err = ioutils.CompressAndWriteUints64(&buf, sStartCallData)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	return buf.Bytes(), nil
+}
+
+func (cs *System) levelsToBytes() ([]byte, error) {
+	// they compress very well due to their nature (sequential integers)
+	var buf32 []uint32
+	var buf bytes.Buffer
+	var err error
+	buf.Grow(4 * len(cs.Instructions))
+
+	binary.Write(&buf, binary.LittleEndian, uint64(len(cs.Levels)))
+	for _, l := range cs.Levels {
+		buf32, err = ioutils.CompressAndWriteUints32(&buf, l, buf32)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+	}
+
+	return buf.Bytes(), nil
+}
+
+func (cs *System) levelsFromBytes(in []byte) error {
+
+	levelsLen := binary.LittleEndian.Uint64(in[:8])
+
+	in = in[8:]
+
+	var (
+		buf32 []uint32
+		err   error
+		n     int
+	)
+
+	cs.Levels = make([][]uint32, levelsLen)
+	for i := range cs.Levels {
+		buf32, n, cs.Levels[i], err = ioutils.ReadAndDecompressUints32(in, buf32)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		in = in[n:]
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (cs *System) instructionsFromBytes(in []byte) error {
+
+	// read the packed instructions
+	var (
+		sBlueprintID, sConstraintOffset, sWireOffset []uint32
+		sStartCallData                               []uint64
+		err                                          error
+		n                                            int
+		buf32                                        []uint32
+	)
+	buf32, n, sBlueprintID, err = ioutils.ReadAndDecompressUints32(in, buf32)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	in = in[n:]
+	buf32, n, sConstraintOffset, err = ioutils.ReadAndDecompressUints32(in, buf32)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	in = in[n:]
+	_, n, sWireOffset, err = ioutils.ReadAndDecompressUints32(in, buf32)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	in = in[n:]
+	_, sStartCallData, err = ioutils.ReadAndDecompressUints64(in)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	// rebuild the instructions
+	cs.Instructions = make([]PackedInstruction, len(sBlueprintID))
+	for i := range cs.Instructions {
+		cs.Instructions[i] = PackedInstruction{
+			BlueprintID:      BlueprintID(sBlueprintID[i]),
+			ConstraintOffset: sConstraintOffset[i],
+			WireOffset:       sWireOffset[i],
+			StartCallData:    sStartCallData[i],
+		}
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (cs *System) calldataFromBytes(buf []byte) error {
+	calldataLen := binary.LittleEndian.Uint64(buf[:8])
+	cs.CallData = make([]uint32, calldataLen)
+	buf = buf[8:]
+	for i := uint64(0); i < calldataLen; i++ {
+		v, n := binary.Uvarint(buf[:min(len(buf), binary.MaxVarintLen64)])
+		if n <= 0 {
+			return errors.New("invalid calldata")
+		}
+		cs.CallData[i] = uint32(v)
+		buf = buf[n:]
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func getTagSet() cbor.TagSet {
+	// temporary for refactor
+	ts := cbor.NewTagSet()
+	// https://www.iana.org/assignments/cbor-tags/cbor-tags.xhtml
+	// 65536-15309735 Unassigned
+	tagNum := uint64(5309735)
+	addType := func(t reflect.Type) {
+		if err := ts.Add(
+			cbor.TagOptions{EncTag: cbor.EncTagRequired, DecTag: cbor.DecTagRequired},
+			t,
+			tagNum,
+		); err != nil {
+			panic(err)
+		}
+		tagNum++
+	}
+
+	addType(reflect.TypeOf(BlueprintGenericHint{}))
+	addType(reflect.TypeOf(BlueprintGenericR1C{}))
+	addType(reflect.TypeOf(BlueprintGenericSparseR1C{}))
+	addType(reflect.TypeOf(BlueprintSparseR1CAdd{}))
+	addType(reflect.TypeOf(BlueprintSparseR1CMul{}))
+	addType(reflect.TypeOf(BlueprintSparseR1CBool{}))
+	addType(reflect.TypeOf(BlueprintLookupHint{}))
+	addType(reflect.TypeOf(Groth16Commitments{}))
+	addType(reflect.TypeOf(PlonkCommitments{}))
+
+	return ts
+}
diff --git a/constraint/tinyfield/coeff.go b/constraint/tinyfield/coeff.go
index 3aec8da553..73f8c0c5b0 100644
--- a/constraint/tinyfield/coeff.go
+++ b/constraint/tinyfield/coeff.go
@@ -17,6 +17,8 @@
 package cs
 
 import (
+	"encoding/binary"
+	"errors"
 	"github.com/consensys/gnark/constraint"
 	"github.com/consensys/gnark/internal/utils"
 	"math/big"
@@ -46,6 +48,42 @@ func newCoeffTable(capacity int) CoeffTable {
 
 }
 
+func (ct *CoeffTable) toBytes() []byte {
+	buf := make([]byte, 0, 8+len(ct.Coefficients)*fr.Bytes)
+	ctLen := uint64(len(ct.Coefficients))
+
+	buf = binary.LittleEndian.AppendUint64(buf, ctLen)
+	for _, c := range ct.Coefficients {
+		for _, w := range c {
+			buf = binary.LittleEndian.AppendUint64(buf, w)
+		}
+	}
+
+	return buf
+}
+
+func (ct *CoeffTable) fromBytes(buf []byte) error {
+	if len(buf) < 8 {
+		return errors.New("invalid buffer size")
+	}
+	ctLen := binary.LittleEndian.Uint64(buf[:8])
+	buf = buf[8:]
+
+	if uint64(len(buf)) < ctLen*fr.Bytes {
+		return errors.New("invalid buffer size")
+	}
+	ct.Coefficients = make([]fr.Element, ctLen)
+	for i := uint64(0); i < ctLen; i++ {
+		var c fr.Element
+		k := int(i) * fr.Bytes
+		for j := 0; j < fr.Limbs; j++ {
+			c[j] = binary.LittleEndian.Uint64(buf[k+j*8 : k+(j+1)*8])
+		}
+		ct.Coefficients[i] = c
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
 func (ct *CoeffTable) AddCoeff(coeff constraint.Element) uint32 {
 	c := (*fr.Element)(coeff[:])
 	var cID uint32
diff --git a/constraint/tinyfield/marshal.go b/constraint/tinyfield/marshal.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ea13e57dad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/constraint/tinyfield/marshal.go
@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+// Copyright 2020 ConsenSys Software Inc.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+// Code generated by gnark DO NOT EDIT
+
+package cs
+
+import (
+	"encoding/binary"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+
+	"github.com/blang/semver/v4"
+)
+
+// WriteTo encodes R1CS into provided io.Writer using cbor
+func (cs *system) WriteTo(w io.Writer) (int64, error) {
+	b, err := cs.System.ToBytes()
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+
+	c := cs.CoeffTable.toBytes()
+
+	totalLen := uint64(len(b) + len(c))
+	gnarkVersion := semver.MustParse(cs.GnarkVersion)
+	// write totalLen, gnarkVersion.Major, gnarkVersion.Minor, gnarkVersion.Patch using
+	// binary.LittleEndian
+	if err := binary.Write(w, binary.LittleEndian, totalLen); err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+	if err := binary.Write(w, binary.LittleEndian, gnarkVersion.Major); err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+	if err := binary.Write(w, binary.LittleEndian, gnarkVersion.Minor); err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+	if err := binary.Write(w, binary.LittleEndian, gnarkVersion.Patch); err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+
+	// write the system
+	n, err := w.Write(b)
+	if err != nil {
+		return int64(n), err
+	}
+
+	// write the coeff table
+	m, err := w.Write(c)
+	return int64(n+m) + 4*8, err
+}
+
+// ReadFrom attempts to decode R1CS from io.Reader using cbor
+func (cs *system) ReadFrom(r io.Reader) (int64, error) {
+	var totalLen uint64
+	if err := binary.Read(r, binary.LittleEndian, &totalLen); err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+
+	var major, minor, patch uint64
+	if err := binary.Read(r, binary.LittleEndian, &major); err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+	if err := binary.Read(r, binary.LittleEndian, &minor); err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+	if err := binary.Read(r, binary.LittleEndian, &patch); err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+	// TODO @gbotrel validate version, duplicate logic with core.go CheckSerializationHeader
+	if major != 0 || minor < 10 {
+		return 0, fmt.Errorf("unsupported gnark version %d.%d.%d", major, minor, patch)
+	}
+
+	data := make([]byte, totalLen)
+	if _, err := io.ReadFull(r, data); err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+	n, err := cs.System.FromBytes(data)
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+	data = data[n:]
+
+	if err := cs.CoeffTable.fromBytes(data); err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+
+	return int64(totalLen) + 4*8, nil
+}
diff --git a/constraint/tinyfield/solver.go b/constraint/tinyfield/solver.go
index 11fe6a7ba7..84e920572d 100644
--- a/constraint/tinyfield/solver.go
+++ b/constraint/tinyfield/solver.go
@@ -430,7 +430,7 @@ func (solver *solver) run() error {
 	// then we check that the constraint is valid
 	// if a[i] * b[i] != c[i]; it means the constraint is not satisfied
 	var wg sync.WaitGroup
-	chTasks := make(chan []int, solver.nbTasks)
+	chTasks := make(chan []uint32, solver.nbTasks)
 	chError := make(chan error, solver.nbTasks)
 
 	// start a worker pool
diff --git a/constraint/tinyfield/system.go b/constraint/tinyfield/system.go
index dceacfe31d..e8671cea2e 100644
--- a/constraint/tinyfield/system.go
+++ b/constraint/tinyfield/system.go
@@ -17,16 +17,13 @@
 package cs
 
 import (
-	"github.com/fxamacker/cbor/v2"
 	"io"
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/consensys/gnark/backend/witness"
 	"github.com/consensys/gnark/constraint"
 	csolver "github.com/consensys/gnark/constraint/solver"
-	"github.com/consensys/gnark/internal/backend/ioutils"
 	"github.com/consensys/gnark/logger"
-	"reflect"
 
 	"github.com/consensys/gnark-crypto/ecc"
 
@@ -149,55 +146,6 @@ func (cs *system) CurveID() ecc.ID {
 	return ecc.UNKNOWN
 }
 
-// WriteTo encodes R1CS into provided io.Writer using cbor
-func (cs *system) WriteTo(w io.Writer) (int64, error) {
-	_w := ioutils.WriterCounter{W: w} // wraps writer to count the bytes written
-	ts := getTagSet()
-	enc, err := cbor.CoreDetEncOptions().EncModeWithTags(ts)
-	if err != nil {
-		return 0, err
-	}
-	encoder := enc.NewEncoder(&_w)
-
-	// encode our object
-	err = encoder.Encode(cs)
-	return _w.N, err
-}
-
-// ReadFrom attempts to decode R1CS from io.Reader using cbor
-func (cs *system) ReadFrom(r io.Reader) (int64, error) {
-	ts := getTagSet()
-	dm, err := cbor.DecOptions{
-		MaxArrayElements: 2147483647,
-		MaxMapPairs:      2147483647,
-	}.DecModeWithTags(ts)
-
-	if err != nil {
-		return 0, err
-	}
-	decoder := dm.NewDecoder(r)
-
-	// initialize coeff table
-	cs.CoeffTable = newCoeffTable(0)
-
-	if err := decoder.Decode(&cs); err != nil {
-		return int64(decoder.NumBytesRead()), err
-	}
-
-	if err := cs.CheckSerializationHeader(); err != nil {
-		return int64(decoder.NumBytesRead()), err
-	}
-
-	switch v := cs.CommitmentInfo.(type) {
-	case *constraint.Groth16Commitments:
-		cs.CommitmentInfo = *v
-	case *constraint.PlonkCommitments:
-		cs.CommitmentInfo = *v
-	}
-
-	return int64(decoder.NumBytesRead()), nil
-}
-
 func (cs *system) GetCoefficient(i int) (r constraint.Element) {
 	copy(r[:], cs.Coefficients[i][:])
 	return
@@ -351,36 +299,6 @@ func (t *SparseR1CSSolution) ReadFrom(r io.Reader) (int64, error) {
 	return n, err
 }
 
-func getTagSet() cbor.TagSet {
-	// temporary for refactor
-	ts := cbor.NewTagSet()
-	// https://www.iana.org/assignments/cbor-tags/cbor-tags.xhtml
-	// 65536-15309735 Unassigned
-	tagNum := uint64(5309735)
-	addType := func(t reflect.Type) {
-		if err := ts.Add(
-			cbor.TagOptions{EncTag: cbor.EncTagRequired, DecTag: cbor.DecTagRequired},
-			t,
-			tagNum,
-		); err != nil {
-			panic(err)
-		}
-		tagNum++
-	}
-
-	addType(reflect.TypeOf(constraint.BlueprintGenericHint{}))
-	addType(reflect.TypeOf(constraint.BlueprintGenericR1C{}))
-	addType(reflect.TypeOf(constraint.BlueprintGenericSparseR1C{}))
-	addType(reflect.TypeOf(constraint.BlueprintSparseR1CAdd{}))
-	addType(reflect.TypeOf(constraint.BlueprintSparseR1CMul{}))
-	addType(reflect.TypeOf(constraint.BlueprintSparseR1CBool{}))
-	addType(reflect.TypeOf(constraint.BlueprintLookupHint{}))
-	addType(reflect.TypeOf(constraint.Groth16Commitments{}))
-	addType(reflect.TypeOf(constraint.PlonkCommitments{}))
-
-	return ts
-}
-
 func (s *system) AddGkr(gkr constraint.GkrInfo) error {
 	return s.System.AddGkr(gkr)
 }
diff --git a/frontend/cs/scs/builder.go b/frontend/cs/scs/builder.go
index 0ca3666fac..deec03d143 100644
--- a/frontend/cs/scs/builder.go
+++ b/frontend/cs/scs/builder.go
@@ -192,6 +192,13 @@ func (builder *builder) addPlonkConstraint(c sparseR1C, debugInfo ...constraint.
 	if !c.qM.IsZero() && (c.xa == 0 || c.xb == 0) {
 		// TODO this is internal but not easy to detect; if qM is set, but one or both of xa / xb is not,
 		// since wireID == 0 is a valid wire, it may trigger unexpected behavior.
+		//
+		// ivokub: This essentially means we add a constraint which is always
+		// satisfied for any input. It only increases the number of constraints
+		// without adding any real constraints on the inputs. But this is good
+		// to catch unoptimal code on the caller side -- we have found a few
+		// multiplications by zero in field emulation and emulated group
+		// arithmetic. And this has allowed to optimize the implementation.
 		log := logger.Logger()
 		log.Warn().Msg("adding a plonk constraint with qM set but xa or xb == 0 (wire 0)")
 	}
@@ -715,19 +722,24 @@ func (builder *builder) GetWireConstraints(wires []frontend.Variable, addMissing
 		}
 		lookup[ww.WireID()] = struct{}{}
 	}
+	nbPub := builder.cs.GetNbPublicVariables()
 	res := make([][2]int, 0, len(wires))
 	iterator := builder.cs.GetSparseR1CIterator()
 	for c, constraintIdx := iterator.Next(), 0; c != nil; c, constraintIdx = iterator.Next(), constraintIdx+1 {
 		if _, ok := lookup[int(c.XA)]; ok {
-			res = append(res, [2]int{constraintIdx, 0})
+			res = append(res, [2]int{nbPub + constraintIdx, 0})
 			delete(lookup, int(c.XA))
 			continue
 		}
 		if _, ok := lookup[int(c.XB)]; ok {
-			res = append(res, [2]int{constraintIdx, 1})
+			res = append(res, [2]int{nbPub + constraintIdx, 1})
 			delete(lookup, int(c.XB))
 			continue
 		}
+		if len(lookup) == 0 {
+			// we can break early if we found constraints for all the wires
+			break
+		}
 	}
 	if addMissing {
 		nbWitnessWires := builder.cs.GetNbPublicVariables() + builder.cs.GetNbSecretVariables()
@@ -741,7 +753,7 @@ func (builder *builder) GetWireConstraints(wires []frontend.Variable, addMissing
 				QL: constraint.CoeffIdOne,
 				QO: constraint.CoeffIdMinusOne,
 			}, builder.genericGate)
-			res = append(res, [2]int{constraintIdx, 0})
+			res = append(res, [2]int{nbPub + constraintIdx, 0})
 			delete(lookup, k)
 		}
 	}
diff --git a/frontend/schema/walk.go b/frontend/schema/walk.go
index e62a18db0e..f3a8fb9cab 100644
--- a/frontend/schema/walk.go
+++ b/frontend/schema/walk.go
@@ -96,6 +96,10 @@ func (w *walker) arraySliceElem(index int, v reflect.Value) error {
 	if v.CanAddr() && v.Addr().CanInterface() {
 		// TODO @gbotrel don't like that hook, undesirable side effects
 		// will be hard to detect; (for example calling Parse multiple times will init multiple times!)
+		//
+		// ivokub: completely agree, I have had to work around quite a lot in
+		// field emulation to "deinitialize" the elements. Maybe we can have a
+		// destructor/deinit hook also?
 		value := v.Addr().Interface()
 		if ih, hasInitHook := value.(InitHook); hasInitHook {
 			ih.GnarkInitHook()
@@ -164,6 +168,10 @@ func (w *walker) StructField(sf reflect.StructField, v reflect.Value) error {
 	if v.CanAddr() && v.Addr().CanInterface() {
 		// TODO @gbotrel don't like that hook, undesirable side effects
 		// will be hard to detect; (for example calling Parse multiple times will init multiple times!)
+		//
+		// ivokub: completely agree, I have had to work around quite a lot in
+		// field emulation to "deinitialize" the elements. Maybe we can have a
+		// destructor/deinit hook also?
 		value := v.Addr().Interface()
 		if ih, hasInitHook := value.(InitHook); hasInitHook {
 			ih.GnarkInitHook()
diff --git a/go.mod b/go.mod
index b14fb910fc..4805c741f0 100644
--- a/go.mod
+++ b/go.mod
@@ -9,13 +9,14 @@ require (
 	github.com/blang/semver/v4 v4.0.0
 	github.com/consensys/bavard v0.1.13
 	github.com/consensys/compress v0.2.5
-	github.com/consensys/gnark-crypto v0.12.2-0.20240215234832-d72fcb379d3e
+	github.com/consensys/gnark-crypto v0.12.2-0.20240504013751-564b6f724c3b
 	github.com/fxamacker/cbor/v2 v2.5.0
 	github.com/google/go-cmp v0.5.9
 	github.com/google/pprof v0.0.0-20230817174616-7a8ec2ada47b
 	github.com/icza/bitio v1.1.0
 	github.com/ingonyama-zk/iciclegnark v0.1.0
 	github.com/leanovate/gopter v0.2.9
+	github.com/ronanh/intcomp v1.1.0
 	github.com/rs/zerolog v1.30.0
 	github.com/stretchr/testify v1.8.4
 	golang.org/x/crypto v0.17.0
diff --git a/go.sum b/go.sum
index ccd5701e49..99806d860f 100644
--- a/go.sum
+++ b/go.sum
@@ -6,8 +6,8 @@ github.com/consensys/bavard v0.1.13 h1:oLhMLOFGTLdlda/kma4VOJazblc7IM5y5QPd2A/Yj
 github.com/consensys/bavard v0.1.13/go.mod h1:9ItSMtA/dXMAiL7BG6bqW2m3NdSEObYWoH223nGHukI=
 github.com/consensys/compress v0.2.5 h1:gJr1hKzbOD36JFsF1AN8lfXz1yevnJi1YolffY19Ntk=
 github.com/consensys/compress v0.2.5/go.mod h1:pyM+ZXiNUh7/0+AUjUf9RKUM6vSH7T/fsn5LLS0j1Tk=
-github.com/consensys/gnark-crypto v0.12.2-0.20240215234832-d72fcb379d3e h1:MKdOuCiy2DAX1tMp2YsmtNDaqdigpY6B5cZQDJ9BvEo=
-github.com/consensys/gnark-crypto v0.12.2-0.20240215234832-d72fcb379d3e/go.mod h1:wKqwsieaKPThcFkHe0d0zMsbHEUWFmZcG7KBCse210o=
+github.com/consensys/gnark-crypto v0.12.2-0.20240504013751-564b6f724c3b h1:tu0NaVr64o6vXzy9rYSK/LCZXmS+u/k9eP1F8OtRUWQ=
+github.com/consensys/gnark-crypto v0.12.2-0.20240504013751-564b6f724c3b/go.mod h1:wKqwsieaKPThcFkHe0d0zMsbHEUWFmZcG7KBCse210o=
 github.com/coreos/go-systemd/v22 v22.5.0/go.mod h1:Y58oyj3AT4RCenI/lSvhwexgC+NSVTIJ3seZv2GcEnc=
 github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.1 h1:vj9j/u1bqnvCEfJOwUhtlOARqs3+rkHYY13jYWTU97c=
 github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.1/go.mod h1:J7Y8YcW2NihsgmVo/mv3lAwl/skON4iLHjSsI+c5H38=
@@ -48,6 +48,8 @@ github.com/pmezard/go-difflib v1.0.0 h1:4DBwDE0NGyQoBHbLQYPwSUPoCMWR5BEzIk/f1lZb
 github.com/pmezard/go-difflib v1.0.0/go.mod h1:iKH77koFhYxTK1pcRnkKkqfTogsbg7gZNVY4sRDYZ/4=
 github.com/rogpeppe/go-internal v1.11.0 h1:cWPaGQEPrBb5/AsnsZesgZZ9yb1OQ+GOISoDNXVBh4M=
 github.com/rogpeppe/go-internal v1.11.0/go.mod h1:ddIwULY96R17DhadqLgMfk9H9tvdUzkipdSkR5nkCZA=
+github.com/ronanh/intcomp v1.1.0 h1:i54kxmpmSoOZFcWPMWryuakN0vLxLswASsGa07zkvLU=
+github.com/ronanh/intcomp v1.1.0/go.mod h1:7FOLy3P3Zj3er/kVrU/pl+Ql7JFZj7bwliMGketo0IU=
 github.com/rs/xid v1.5.0/go.mod h1:trrq9SKmegXys3aeAKXMUTdJsYXVwGY3RLcfgqegfbg=
 github.com/rs/zerolog v1.30.0 h1:SymVODrcRsaRaSInD9yQtKbtWqwsfoPcRff/oRXLj4c=
 github.com/rs/zerolog v1.30.0/go.mod h1:/tk+P47gFdPXq4QYjvCmT5/Gsug2nagsFWBWhAiSi1w=
diff --git a/internal/backend/ioutils/intcomp.go b/internal/backend/ioutils/intcomp.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..def78616b1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/backend/ioutils/intcomp.go
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+package ioutils
+
+import (
+	"encoding/binary"
+	"io"
+
+	"github.com/ronanh/intcomp"
+)
+
+// CompressAndWriteUints32 compresses a slice of uint32 and writes it to w.
+// It returns the input buffer (possibly extended) for future use.
+func CompressAndWriteUints32(w io.Writer, input []uint32, buffer []uint32) ([]uint32, error) {
+	buffer = buffer[:0]
+	buffer = intcomp.CompressUint32(input, buffer)
+	if err := binary.Write(w, binary.LittleEndian, uint64(len(buffer))); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if err := binary.Write(w, binary.LittleEndian, buffer); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return buffer, nil
+}
+
+// CompressAndWriteUints64 compresses a slice of uint64 and writes it to w.
+// It returns the input buffer (possibly extended) for future use.
+func CompressAndWriteUints64(w io.Writer, input []uint64) error {
+	buffer := intcomp.CompressUint64(input, nil)
+	if err := binary.Write(w, binary.LittleEndian, uint64(len(buffer))); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	return binary.Write(w, binary.LittleEndian, buffer)
+}
+
+// ReadAndDecompressUints32 reads a compressed slice of uint32 from r and decompresses it.
+// It returns the number of bytes read, the decompressed slice and an error.
+func ReadAndDecompressUints32(in []byte, buf32 []uint32) (outbuf32 []uint32, read int, out []uint32, err error) {
+	if len(in) < 8 {
+		return buf32, 0, nil, io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
+	}
+	length := binary.LittleEndian.Uint64(in[:8])
+	if uint64(len(in)) < 8+4*length {
+		return buf32, 0, nil, io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
+	}
+	in = in[8 : 8+4*length]
+	if cap(buf32) < int(length) {
+		buf32 = make([]uint32, length)
+	} else {
+		buf32 = buf32[:length]
+	}
+
+	for i := 0; i < int(length); i++ {
+		buf32[i] = binary.LittleEndian.Uint32(in[4*i : 4*(i+1)])
+	}
+
+	return buf32, 8 + 4*int(length), intcomp.UncompressUint32(buf32, nil), nil
+}
+
+// ReadAndDecompressUints64 reads a compressed slice of uint64 from r and decompresses it.
+// It returns the number of bytes read, the decompressed slice and an error.
+func ReadAndDecompressUints64(in []byte) (int, []uint64, error) {
+	if len(in) < 8 {
+		return 0, nil, io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
+	}
+	length := binary.LittleEndian.Uint64(in[:8])
+	if uint64(len(in)) < 8+8*length {
+		return 0, nil, io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
+	}
+	in = in[8 : 8+8*length]
+	buffer := make([]uint64, length)
+	for i := 0; i < int(length); i++ {
+		buffer[i] = binary.LittleEndian.Uint64(in[8*i : 8*(i+1)])
+	}
+	return 8 + 8*int(length), intcomp.UncompressUint64(buffer, nil), nil
+}
diff --git a/internal/backend/ioutils/intcomp_test.go b/internal/backend/ioutils/intcomp_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4abfdc3f44
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/backend/ioutils/intcomp_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+package ioutils
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+func FuzzIntcomp32(f *testing.F) {
+	f.Fuzz(func(t *testing.T, in []byte) {
+		// convert in into a []uint32 ref slice; we just parse by multiple of 4 bytes
+		// and convert to uint32
+		data := make([]uint32, len(in)/4)
+		for i := 0; i < len(data); i++ {
+			data[i] = uint32(in[i*4]) | uint32(in[i*4+1])<<8 | uint32(in[i*4+2])<<16 | uint32(in[i*4+3])<<24
+		}
+
+		var buf bytes.Buffer
+		if _, err := CompressAndWriteUints32(&buf, data, nil); err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("CompressAndWriteUints32: %v", err)
+		}
+		_, n, out, err := ReadAndDecompressUints32(buf.Bytes(), nil)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("ReadAndDecompressUints32: %v", err)
+		}
+		if n != len(buf.Bytes()) {
+			t.Fatalf("ReadAndDecompressUints32: n=%d, want %d", n, len(buf.Bytes()))
+		}
+		if len(out) != len(data) {
+			t.Fatalf("ReadAndDecompressUints32: len(out)=%d, want %d", len(out), len(data))
+		}
+		for i := 0; i < len(data); i++ {
+			if out[i] != data[i] {
+				t.Fatalf("ReadAndDecompressUints32: out[%d]=%d, want %d", i, out[i], data[i])
+			}
+		}
+	})
+
+}
diff --git a/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/01896cf457f9724711cdb5c47ae61e871610cc20925e4162dc512a99b16885f0 b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/01896cf457f9724711cdb5c47ae61e871610cc20925e4162dc512a99b16885f0
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..42bbdfdbee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/01896cf457f9724711cdb5c47ae61e871610cc20925e4162dc512a99b16885f0
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("go test fuzz v1\n[]byte(\"00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000X000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000X0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\")\n")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/03bb2fe837460a2653f67a14e1a8934d756174eeae4bdc8e0f0f900af7048586 b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/03bb2fe837460a2653f67a14e1a8934d756174eeae4bdc8e0f0f900af7048586
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ab32aa48a8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/03bb2fe837460a2653f67a14e1a8934d756174eeae4bdc8e0f0f900af7048586
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("go test fuzz v1\n[]byte(\"00010000000000000000010000000000000000000000000000001\\xb0011\\xb0\\xb00000000\\xb00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\")\n")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/03e05f2853ad338dcc021f05b8959b1f3633c8a1c27ccac74e768325649977be b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/03e05f2853ad338dcc021f05b8959b1f3633c8a1c27ccac74e768325649977be
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b0be537a60
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/03e05f2853ad338dcc021f05b8959b1f3633c8a1c27ccac74e768325649977be
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("go test fuzz v1\n[]byte(\"000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\\r0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\\r0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\\r0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\\r0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0\")\n")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/040184a38a688233199662fb82e804832282bdcd652e915e40fd2b32d6b6d0f2 b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/040184a38a688233199662fb82e804832282bdcd652e915e40fd2b32d6b6d0f2
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3519628d76
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/040184a38a688233199662fb82e804832282bdcd652e915e40fd2b32d6b6d0f2
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("go test fuzz v1\n[]byte(\"000\\xd7000 00XA000B0000\")\n")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/04d40af2f46a8834635bf775c66737abe55c2c04a7e9ddd0879c71152cb98439 b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/04d40af2f46a8834635bf775c66737abe55c2c04a7e9ddd0879c71152cb98439
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..090c9fc4c4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/04d40af2f46a8834635bf775c66737abe55c2c04a7e9ddd0879c71152cb98439
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("go test fuzz v1\n[]byte(\"00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000007000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 70000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\")\n")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/06b5c2a93cba6f3652d6fac41dfc931ebb3d87736da993abfdc1a41eb20fec6a b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/06b5c2a93cba6f3652d6fac41dfc931ebb3d87736da993abfdc1a41eb20fec6a
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..76524340b8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/06b5c2a93cba6f3652d6fac41dfc931ebb3d87736da993abfdc1a41eb20fec6a
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("go test fuzz v1\n[]byte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n")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/06f200f8d192caa2b678a814f20c3cc8893e6a7e8f4dd07222010d6a7aae2e65 b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/06f200f8d192caa2b678a814f20c3cc8893e6a7e8f4dd07222010d6a7aae2e65
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..205dff145a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/06f200f8d192caa2b678a814f20c3cc8893e6a7e8f4dd07222010d6a7aae2e65
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("go test fuzz v1\n[]byte(\"0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000x000x000x000x000x000x000x000x000x000x000x000x000x000x000x000x000x000x000x000x000x000x000x000x000x000x000x000x000x000x080x000x000x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\")\n")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/0743de4e382b7129ba4b7ecc4020ec1509bb982ff8e7430afb80c9c133c1b710 b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/0743de4e382b7129ba4b7ecc4020ec1509bb982ff8e7430afb80c9c133c1b710
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7457f2bca2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/0743de4e382b7129ba4b7ecc4020ec1509bb982ff8e7430afb80c9c133c1b710
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("go test fuzz 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\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2\\xc2000000\\x80\\xbf\")\n")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/0a54ba0ff9c0ba72fd9818542d3ecd8f95799115cd8c3cab0581e2a4cf5b2dcd b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/0a54ba0ff9c0ba72fd9818542d3ecd8f95799115cd8c3cab0581e2a4cf5b2dcd
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0abba4268f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/0a54ba0ff9c0ba72fd9818542d3ecd8f95799115cd8c3cab0581e2a4cf5b2dcd
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("go test fuzz v1\n[]byte(\"00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000007000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000700000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\")\n")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/0dccde4bc82daae20d393545ffad47d83eaf15d05eb2e1e1db0a62e6e58dbd3e b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/0dccde4bc82daae20d393545ffad47d83eaf15d05eb2e1e1db0a62e6e58dbd3e
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..eb39060e56
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/0dccde4bc82daae20d393545ffad47d83eaf15d05eb2e1e1db0a62e6e58dbd3e
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("go test fuzz v1\n[]byte(\"00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000000000000000000900000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000080000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000080000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\")\n")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/0f37e88df19ea0f14b79930142fc1610b9e16b5965452b9c00151ca1f7a7ffbd b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/0f37e88df19ea0f14b79930142fc1610b9e16b5965452b9c00151ca1f7a7ffbd
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..abc4529f38
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/0f37e88df19ea0f14b79930142fc1610b9e16b5965452b9c00151ca1f7a7ffbd
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("go test fuzz 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7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe50000\")\n")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/0f759b3cf4743f1f98ce073fc729a891d341268b5b793dde85a8248732f9cb8b b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/0f759b3cf4743f1f98ce073fc729a891d341268b5b793dde85a8248732f9cb8b
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9cf7ed73d5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/0f759b3cf4743f1f98ce073fc729a891d341268b5b793dde85a8248732f9cb8b
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("go test fuzz v1\n[]byte(\"00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000x00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\")\n")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/11eae8bbca55890f60a48462080e852e9c0805554c9a1df6c980c83e5bc29394 b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/11eae8bbca55890f60a48462080e852e9c0805554c9a1df6c980c83e5bc29394
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ef19f75916
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/11eae8bbca55890f60a48462080e852e9c0805554c9a1df6c980c83e5bc29394
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("go test fuzz v1\n[]byte(\"0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000A000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000A00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\")\n")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/1264dffe19eef294b54757da360097ceac5138928762aec415ec72a20c66493b b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/1264dffe19eef294b54757da360097ceac5138928762aec415ec72a20c66493b
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..62448ae39b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/1264dffe19eef294b54757da360097ceac5138928762aec415ec72a20c66493b
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("go test fuzz v1\n[]byte(\"0000\")\n")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/15a615d72b6713bf31b3214fba0757d790a1bfd7031ae06da29883b14275e642 b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/15a615d72b6713bf31b3214fba0757d790a1bfd7031ae06da29883b14275e642
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a5e48c00c9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/15a615d72b6713bf31b3214fba0757d790a1bfd7031ae06da29883b14275e642
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("go test fuzz v1\n[]byte(\"000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000002000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000800000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000x000000000000000\")\n")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/17ebe62c07041b8afc5d6dc342232f5f2c2aa9124f43cd77c986d489f4f6e44f b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/17ebe62c07041b8afc5d6dc342232f5f2c2aa9124f43cd77c986d489f4f6e44f
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2f88f76f1b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/17ebe62c07041b8afc5d6dc342232f5f2c2aa9124f43cd77c986d489f4f6e44f
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("go test fuzz v1\n[]byte(\"00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000X000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001000000000000000000000000000X0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\")\n")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/182f13ba3708f00b582d22682636dd4e23bbc79b7138ba54e30144d2b9434f30 b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/182f13ba3708f00b582d22682636dd4e23bbc79b7138ba54e30144d2b9434f30
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..01521d0d56
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/182f13ba3708f00b582d22682636dd4e23bbc79b7138ba54e30144d2b9434f30
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("go test fuzz v1\n[]byte(\"00000000000000000000000000000000000000000100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\")\n")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/1841b2d806001b28e33185ea1d5d146fc3798b9a7410e1394299a7b4a906d8f2 b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/1841b2d806001b28e33185ea1d5d146fc3798b9a7410e1394299a7b4a906d8f2
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5077d0e337
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/1841b2d806001b28e33185ea1d5d146fc3798b9a7410e1394299a7b4a906d8f2
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("go test fuzz v1\n[]byte(\"00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000700000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000070000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001000000070000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\")\n")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/1b189fbdeeee763e1d6db02573bd3d5493347c8c688372f99c4fc15c8123f8e1 b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/1b189fbdeeee763e1d6db02573bd3d5493347c8c688372f99c4fc15c8123f8e1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6e856601e0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/1b189fbdeeee763e1d6db02573bd3d5493347c8c688372f99c4fc15c8123f8e1
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("go test fuzz v1\n[]byte(\"00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000002000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000200000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\")\n")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/1d1db76969aa6b9bc9b45350df54493a2e1aa3899abcb9bc7fbae7230f255d9c b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/1d1db76969aa6b9bc9b45350df54493a2e1aa3899abcb9bc7fbae7230f255d9c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..729a439a49
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/1d1db76969aa6b9bc9b45350df54493a2e1aa3899abcb9bc7fbae7230f255d9c
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("go test fuzz v1\n[]byte(\"00000000000000000008000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000008000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\")\n")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/1f8142cb86201e784296e609d50fc5c9f0a1fb29c44b78635e19fcd713f0f5bf b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/1f8142cb86201e784296e609d50fc5c9f0a1fb29c44b78635e19fcd713f0f5bf
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..cdf7d4d0be
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/1f8142cb86201e784296e609d50fc5c9f0a1fb29c44b78635e19fcd713f0f5bf
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("go test fuzz v1\n[]byte(\"0000000A0000000A0000000A0000000A000700 0000A0000000A0000000A0000000A\")\n")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/1fb9284c980c107c8e16ea48224ee4c8f4ffe0711e2514ad0d45f6c508170daf b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/1fb9284c980c107c8e16ea48224ee4c8f4ffe0711e2514ad0d45f6c508170daf
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..45bc922a5f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/1fb9284c980c107c8e16ea48224ee4c8f4ffe0711e2514ad0d45f6c508170daf
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("go test fuzz v1\n[]byte(\"00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000010000000x000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000100000000000x00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000x00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000010000000x000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000x00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\")\n")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/1fda811be9b4272c73cf8736e7e6f5505db1224173e43febd611cf30003fc9fe b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/1fda811be9b4272c73cf8736e7e6f5505db1224173e43febd611cf30003fc9fe
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5c4f7a7049
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/1fda811be9b4272c73cf8736e7e6f5505db1224173e43febd611cf30003fc9fe
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("go test fuzz v1\n[]byte(\"00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\")\n")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/2035d1b3cadc0a5596433ed44b3c6bc1cd07cfaf04f5c98bc9ae6ecfdb900c7c b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/2035d1b3cadc0a5596433ed44b3c6bc1cd07cfaf04f5c98bc9ae6ecfdb900c7c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c069d7063c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/2035d1b3cadc0a5596433ed44b3c6bc1cd07cfaf04f5c98bc9ae6ecfdb900c7c
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("go test fuzz v1\n[]byte(\"00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001000000000000000000000000000000090000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000008000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000008000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\")\n")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/219984e9862215ae1201a956a0df1d895d902713f88fdb3a9411c86d323a36a6 b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/219984e9862215ae1201a956a0df1d895d902713f88fdb3a9411c86d323a36a6
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ea6f5ad418
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/219984e9862215ae1201a956a0df1d895d902713f88fdb3a9411c86d323a36a6
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("go test fuzz v1\n[]byte(\"000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\\xf30000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\")\n")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/2298a37be59b01d79820e212552083a82e7bcbad939268ecdb0c8807cb0e348a b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/2298a37be59b01d79820e212552083a82e7bcbad939268ecdb0c8807cb0e348a
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f65107587f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/2298a37be59b01d79820e212552083a82e7bcbad939268ecdb0c8807cb0e348a
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("go test fuzz v1\n[]byte(\"0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\\xe50000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\\xba0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\")\n")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/236ded8bd24706a579142f29876380e8ff0c1250a91efbb43091816a45790e1b b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/236ded8bd24706a579142f29876380e8ff0c1250a91efbb43091816a45790e1b
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5ee9fede7a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/236ded8bd24706a579142f29876380e8ff0c1250a91efbb43091816a45790e1b
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("go test fuzz v1\n[]byte(\"000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000100000000000x000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000x0000000000000\")\n")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/242966146c68786e67af22bfab1b70bbf9f02741f5aaa87b727416f828ae6b5c b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/242966146c68786e67af22bfab1b70bbf9f02741f5aaa87b727416f828ae6b5c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..deb61d8ed7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/242966146c68786e67af22bfab1b70bbf9f02741f5aaa87b727416f828ae6b5c
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("go test fuzz v1\n[]byte(\"00000000000000000000000000\\xa0\\xa001\\xa0\\xa00000\")\n")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/25f268f490619cebc743282801317a3fd231eb8e05a6da378a75dd445623fd20 b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/25f268f490619cebc743282801317a3fd231eb8e05a6da378a75dd445623fd20
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7c329cc0ef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/25f268f490619cebc743282801317a3fd231eb8e05a6da378a75dd445623fd20
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("go test fuzz v1\n[]byte(\"0000000A\")\n")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/262872f4d7b5ec0664735b1362ca4def7ff2732fe08922b5a4ca9f16b72aeb9c b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/262872f4d7b5ec0664735b1362ca4def7ff2732fe08922b5a4ca9f16b72aeb9c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9bab3dc33e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/262872f4d7b5ec0664735b1362ca4def7ff2732fe08922b5a4ca9f16b72aeb9c
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("go test fuzz v1\n[]byte(\"\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\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xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xc3\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xff\\xff\\xff\\x7f\\xb0\\xb0\")\n")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/267872f9b5643be9510013988829251f3edc6cd36e6820ee10d1008bc17f1cf5 b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/267872f9b5643be9510013988829251f3edc6cd36e6820ee10d1008bc17f1cf5
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..87e76c2841
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/267872f9b5643be9510013988829251f3edc6cd36e6820ee10d1008bc17f1cf5
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("go test fuzz v1\n[]byte(\"\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\")\n")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/273cb600b5b7e749e3ce4e74f78da55a7ea0c27b78f4d5545c6887211566d929 b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/273cb600b5b7e749e3ce4e74f78da55a7ea0c27b78f4d5545c6887211566d929
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c67ed1f6d2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/273cb600b5b7e749e3ce4e74f78da55a7ea0c27b78f4d5545c6887211566d929
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("go test fuzz v1\n[]byte(\"0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\\xe5000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\")\n")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/274f3577c704fa2b61482836a07c54d1712409f19b04ad2f26f658109dea0669 b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/274f3577c704fa2b61482836a07c54d1712409f19b04ad2f26f658109dea0669
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0459b22ea8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/274f3577c704fa2b61482836a07c54d1712409f19b04ad2f26f658109dea0669
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("go test fuzz v1\n[]byte(\"000\\xbf000\\xc2000\\xc2000\\xc2000\\xc2000\\xc2000\\xc2000\\xc2000\\xc2000\\xc2000\\xc2000\\xc2000\\xc2000\\xc2000\\xc2000\\xc2000\\xc2000\\xc2000\\xc2000\\xc2000\\xc2000\\xc2000\\xc2000\\xc2000\\xc2000\\xc2000\\xc2000\\xc2000\\xc2000\\xc2000\\xc2000\\xc2000\\xc2000\\xc2000\\xc2000\\xc2000\\xc2000\\xc2000\\xc2000\\xc2000\\xc2000\\xc2000\\xc2000\\xc2000\\xc2000\\xc2000\\xc2000\\xc2000\\xc2000\\xc2000\\xc2000\\xc2000\\xc2000\\xc2000\\xc2000\\xc2000\\xc2000\\xc2000\\xc2000\\xc2000\\xc2000\\xc2000\\xc2000\\xc50000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\")\n")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/29a9a48f8e2ec78701500df80ec11ab88a32abc7c07b8145f8293b98add270fc b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/29a9a48f8e2ec78701500df80ec11ab88a32abc7c07b8145f8293b98add270fc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f941a7b5d7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/29a9a48f8e2ec78701500df80ec11ab88a32abc7c07b8145f8293b98add270fc
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("go test fuzz v1\n[]byte(\"0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\")\n")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/2a2538e5996f9645054974c27f905d8b1e1abdd35ee68c01417f553d39a9735b b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/2a2538e5996f9645054974c27f905d8b1e1abdd35ee68c01417f553d39a9735b
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8be22d9b39
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/2a2538e5996f9645054974c27f905d8b1e1abdd35ee68c01417f553d39a9735b
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("go test fuzz v1\n[]byte(\"00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000010\")\n")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/2cb86af64ca4048046391b7f6bdf8cd4eedf01ba0cbda6a7dbde27ed27ffd047 b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/2cb86af64ca4048046391b7f6bdf8cd4eedf01ba0cbda6a7dbde27ed27ffd047
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f20256826a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/2cb86af64ca4048046391b7f6bdf8cd4eedf01ba0cbda6a7dbde27ed27ffd047
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("go test fuzz v1\n[]byte(\"00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000200000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000002000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\")\n")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/2d9b1cacdb0e4ea23c87bbc326432c59cc50080b13ca789635d2a4c5fa43e4f5 b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/2d9b1cacdb0e4ea23c87bbc326432c59cc50080b13ca789635d2a4c5fa43e4f5
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e05a4ae22c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/2d9b1cacdb0e4ea23c87bbc326432c59cc50080b13ca789635d2a4c5fa43e4f5
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("go test fuzz v1\n[]byte(\"0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe50000\")\n")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/2ead7f17b415a7e441c87bad3097e1d08ace997fd108bab7b6c62efbc709beef b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/2ead7f17b415a7e441c87bad3097e1d08ace997fd108bab7b6c62efbc709beef
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..93b320f7a4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/2ead7f17b415a7e441c87bad3097e1d08ace997fd108bab7b6c62efbc709beef
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("go test fuzz v1\n[]byte(\"000\\x0100000000000000000001000A0000000A0000000A0000000A00010000\")\n")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/2eeb9630e1c449e52778f3f64973a6ab84cfd08c3773baaf8267eb9fc530cc36 b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/2eeb9630e1c449e52778f3f64973a6ab84cfd08c3773baaf8267eb9fc530cc36
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..19acf0a342
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/2eeb9630e1c449e52778f3f64973a6ab84cfd08c3773baaf8267eb9fc530cc36
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("go test fuzz v1\n[]byte(\"00\\xf2\\xf201\\xf2\\xf20000001000000010000000100000\")\n")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/306e4d4fe00303c2e525d56b499dfcbff11eb6fcb74af0a0d2cb0695f17e1095 b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/306e4d4fe00303c2e525d56b499dfcbff11eb6fcb74af0a0d2cb0695f17e1095
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9b289a9cb6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/306e4d4fe00303c2e525d56b499dfcbff11eb6fcb74af0a0d2cb0695f17e1095
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("go test fuzz v1\n[]byte(\"\\a\\a\\a\\a\\x03\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\x03\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\")\n")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/316025409c03a2ed6e949595c4ad003aa36b572e8f525adf21b196fe2eb7aa18 b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/316025409c03a2ed6e949595c4ad003aa36b572e8f525adf21b196fe2eb7aa18
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6d4ef7a6b9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/316025409c03a2ed6e949595c4ad003aa36b572e8f525adf21b196fe2eb7aa18
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("go test fuzz v1\n[]byte(\"00000000000000000000000000000000000000000100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\")\n")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/31fb64df0b611ffa55444e0402d14ea97ea23997d7f49d70042152f4287be7aa b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/31fb64df0b611ffa55444e0402d14ea97ea23997d7f49d70042152f4287be7aa
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..cf0e215dcf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/31fb64df0b611ffa55444e0402d14ea97ea23997d7f49d70042152f4287be7aa
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("go test fuzz v1\n[]byte(\"0000000000000000000100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000A00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\")\n")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/32d07219b2dd59df0b5738ec6add08a69aaa41304cb5a5a8c18154025b5e27e3 b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/32d07219b2dd59df0b5738ec6add08a69aaa41304cb5a5a8c18154025b5e27e3
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1b43f11fa8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/32d07219b2dd59df0b5738ec6add08a69aaa41304cb5a5a8c18154025b5e27e3
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("go test fuzz v1\n[]byte(\"00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\\xb000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\")\n")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/32ea7d586aaea071fe90992483cbc86267d1a7fd41423fb1ec4d562c31640056 b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/32ea7d586aaea071fe90992483cbc86267d1a7fd41423fb1ec4d562c31640056
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..28f421a720
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/32ea7d586aaea071fe90992483cbc86267d1a7fd41423fb1ec4d562c31640056
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("go test fuzz v1\n[]byte(\"00000000000A0000000A0000000A\")\n")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/34cf9e379dc9bbcec3a751c30546f2c6529bc33238b4bc0b1b266967010425ac b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/34cf9e379dc9bbcec3a751c30546f2c6529bc33238b4bc0b1b266967010425ac
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8e0ea3f72d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/34cf9e379dc9bbcec3a751c30546f2c6529bc33238b4bc0b1b266967010425ac
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("go test fuzz v1\n[]byte(\"0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000x000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000a0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000x000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\")\n")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/35b31fe53d024fe80243715c80198de7d913a8a8ee57f9b293e93d8ec939469a b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/35b31fe53d024fe80243715c80198de7d913a8a8ee57f9b293e93d8ec939469a
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0d15399d6e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/35b31fe53d024fe80243715c80198de7d913a8a8ee57f9b293e93d8ec939469a
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("go test fuzz v1\n[]byte(\"00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000Y0000000x000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000x00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000a00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000A0000000x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000x00000000000000000000\")\n")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/35ea1a1561be122855a1f2c8e30650b516268d97c8ca73a88b2864d169290f5f b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/35ea1a1561be122855a1f2c8e30650b516268d97c8ca73a88b2864d169290f5f
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9d8e482eed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/35ea1a1561be122855a1f2c8e30650b516268d97c8ca73a88b2864d169290f5f
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("go test fuzz v1\n[]byte(\"00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000002000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000020000000000000000000000000000000000000000\")\n")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/3632ac227a4abfbbd12c014921094345bb9f25ea3f9cfe6d6c1d22f0b5dc3322 b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/3632ac227a4abfbbd12c014921094345bb9f25ea3f9cfe6d6c1d22f0b5dc3322
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d59ec0cfc4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/3632ac227a4abfbbd12c014921094345bb9f25ea3f9cfe6d6c1d22f0b5dc3322
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("go test fuzz v1\n[]byte(\"0000000A0000000A0000000A0000000A\")\n")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/38ff44e319173b519e009c2a1c10695f6dfe90b04f6a3d18fc0757938b1f69e6 b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/38ff44e319173b519e009c2a1c10695f6dfe90b04f6a3d18fc0757938b1f69e6
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..803fa54ad4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/38ff44e319173b519e009c2a1c10695f6dfe90b04f6a3d18fc0757938b1f69e6
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("go test fuzz v1\n[]byte(\"0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000A000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000A00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\")\n")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/3946302f44a01dda1619298bcd6eb30d2ba2b92db68890278881b49e575512e1 b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/3946302f44a01dda1619298bcd6eb30d2ba2b92db68890278881b49e575512e1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b98ef134dc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/3946302f44a01dda1619298bcd6eb30d2ba2b92db68890278881b49e575512e1
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("go test fuzz v1\n[]byte(\"00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\")\n")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/398e997a9685e075111a4ee4050d49ab6311bb5c58a68e99a0ceae29c83b27f9 b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/398e997a9685e075111a4ee4050d49ab6311bb5c58a68e99a0ceae29c83b27f9
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7d5537fd28
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/398e997a9685e075111a4ee4050d49ab6311bb5c58a68e99a0ceae29c83b27f9
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("go test fuzz v1\n[]byte(\"0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5020\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe50000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\")\n")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/3a7de8da69cbf9a37984e59a388ba31e4f74c69269482c1cd8255c14b072e32b b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/3a7de8da69cbf9a37984e59a388ba31e4f74c69269482c1cd8255c14b072e32b
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..fb9a34566f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/3a7de8da69cbf9a37984e59a388ba31e4f74c69269482c1cd8255c14b072e32b
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("go test fuzz v1\n[]byte(\"001000000010000000010000000A0000000A0000000A0000000A0000000A0000000A0000000A0000000A0000000A0000000A000000010000000A0000000A0000000A0000000A0000000A0000000A0000000A0000000A00010000000A000000010000000A0000000A000000010000000A000000010000000A0000000A0000000A000010000000100000000000000A0000\")\n")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/3b1bcbc7689ef4f2b9122e973ce61920a4f1acad5b81debfd553031fb3807bd1 b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/3b1bcbc7689ef4f2b9122e973ce61920a4f1acad5b81debfd553031fb3807bd1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..68c6dce23a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/3b1bcbc7689ef4f2b9122e973ce61920a4f1acad5b81debfd553031fb3807bd1
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("go test fuzz v1\n[]byte(\"00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\\x020x000x000x000x000x000x000x000x000x000x000x000x000x000x000x000x000x000x000x000x000x000x000x000x000x000x000x000x000x000x000x000x000x0\")\n")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/3cf1518d63d72249c911f737f9f9986c8dfd6630f8e78ebadaf6716c443eb76c b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/3cf1518d63d72249c911f737f9f9986c8dfd6630f8e78ebadaf6716c443eb76c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1560a91b9e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/3cf1518d63d72249c911f737f9f9986c8dfd6630f8e78ebadaf6716c443eb76c
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("go test fuzz v1\n[]byte(\"00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000700000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000070000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\")\n")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/3eb3f3322dbf70e84306fbd82cf262e92520ffe1853966b3d314832c866dc596 b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/3eb3f3322dbf70e84306fbd82cf262e92520ffe1853966b3d314832c866dc596
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2d7804f10b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/3eb3f3322dbf70e84306fbd82cf262e92520ffe1853966b3d314832c866dc596
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("go test fuzz v1\n[]byte(\"00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000x000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\")\n")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/40cb27c14ed62167653bcee1da5798acb8a60cb9d03141901c3533c90b6c7813 b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/40cb27c14ed62167653bcee1da5798acb8a60cb9d03141901c3533c90b6c7813
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..24b5b924bf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/40cb27c14ed62167653bcee1da5798acb8a60cb9d03141901c3533c90b6c7813
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("go test fuzz v1\n[]byte(\"0000000A0000000A000100100000000000010000000A0000000A0000000A0000000A0000000A0000000A0000000A00070000000A0000000A0000000A000000010000000A0000000A0000000A0000000A0000000X0000000A0000000A0000000A00080000000A00070000000A0000000A0000000A0000000A000000010000000A000000010000000A0000000A0000000A0000000A0000000A00000001000000010000000A0000000A0000000A0000000A0000000A000000010000000A0000000A0000000A0000000A0000000A0000000A\")\n")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/41e393287b187d0ee6d5dcf76377808b702619951166305312894fd5d0dd972b b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/41e393287b187d0ee6d5dcf76377808b702619951166305312894fd5d0dd972b
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..aa971946a2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/41e393287b187d0ee6d5dcf76377808b702619951166305312894fd5d0dd972b
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("go test fuzz v1\n[]byte(\"000\\x01\")\n")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/42664785c395864106a38493ed7a48784a868f592a470d2a8dc853f5b5d038ab b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/42664785c395864106a38493ed7a48784a868f592a470d2a8dc853f5b5d038ab
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b25acd54ae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/42664785c395864106a38493ed7a48784a868f592a470d2a8dc853f5b5d038ab
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("go test fuzz v1\n[]byte(\"00000001000000010000000A0000000A0000000A0000000A0000000A0000000A0000000A0000000A0000000A\")\n")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/42bfbcfc5da37a55652f91ec40213d40eac8e64a9f13be5ab8bdfab23b2b3cb4 b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/42bfbcfc5da37a55652f91ec40213d40eac8e64a9f13be5ab8bdfab23b2b3cb4
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ec8d7c0007
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/42bfbcfc5da37a55652f91ec40213d40eac8e64a9f13be5ab8bdfab23b2b3cb4
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("go test fuzz v1\n[]byte(\"000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\\xbe0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\")\n")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/4356640acfa5b355159f3d4d169a9c8a2c6e692e6b8407605e81efe47c8af9bd b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/4356640acfa5b355159f3d4d169a9c8a2c6e692e6b8407605e81efe47c8af9bd
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..83bde95200
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/4356640acfa5b355159f3d4d169a9c8a2c6e692e6b8407605e81efe47c8af9bd
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("go test fuzz v1\n[]byte(\"00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000020000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000002000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\")\n")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/4451635b85976801e58215e9a59ab8f89fd7b63fe3b97b4167c3710887bc88df b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/4451635b85976801e58215e9a59ab8f89fd7b63fe3b97b4167c3710887bc88df
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d3e2c22d98
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/4451635b85976801e58215e9a59ab8f89fd7b63fe3b97b4167c3710887bc88df
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("go test fuzz v1\n[]byte(\"000000000000000000000000\\xff0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\\xbe000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\\xda00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\\xfe0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\")\n")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/45099762592cd94c178c63cace13ff3826c8fff69852df2c354ac0a144c6c317 b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/45099762592cd94c178c63cace13ff3826c8fff69852df2c354ac0a144c6c317
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0d64c81779
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/45099762592cd94c178c63cace13ff3826c8fff69852df2c354ac0a144c6c317
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("go test fuzz v1\n[]byte(\"00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\\x80$y\\x0e`!S$\\fa\\xedw\\xfc\\xb6\\a3\\xe3\\x9c\\x114\\x15\\xe2:\\xd9\\xccF̔\\xdd\\xc2\\xd2\\nCYopxd$oϜ\\x8b\\x0eW\\x0fpV\\x1e\\x86\\xf7\\xbf\\x9a\\x1f\\x12v1\\xee\\xd1l\\xc9\\x0f\\x87J\\x11\\xf3/\\xf3\\xb3Y\\x82\\x83\\xed=\\xbayZ\\x7f\\x87\\xfc\\xbc\\x8e\\x8e\\x8b\\x96J\\u06020\\xf4\\xbc\\x15G\\xaf\\x13\\x85'\\xfe\\xe3k\\xd2\\xd5C\\xf6k\\x8e\\v\\x01}\\xf0\\xec\\xe4\\xf7\\xb4eV\\xb3-\\b\\x1f\\xa0ksE\\xf9\\x9b\\xab\\xee\\x17=m\\x10\\x18ruow\\x0e_\\x1c\\xf9\\xdda\\xbe\\xc0\\x80N6\\x9a\\xa1\\xbf\\xfe\\xbf\\xdf\\x1d\\x1d\\xfd\\xc5M\\xe6p\\x8b\\xad\\x94\\x11\\xe7\\xca\\xe4]m\\x7fI\\x19\\xdc\\xd9\\xf9\\xe68cdvY\\xccU|\\x1aS\\xad\\xc9\\xca\\x11\\xfa\\xc5fځ\\xe1$\\x14*d\\xcd\\xcd\\xc3\\xdd\\\"\\x1a̓\\xf5(\\xe1TrGL\\xa0λ\\x81\\xdbsb\\xfaXXU\\\"V\\xea\\x12D\\x8e\\x00\\x19%\\x1c\\xa1\\x8c\\xe8g\\xc1\\x86\\xf8E4\\t\\x06.\\x04\\x15.دx\\x02OU\\x85\\xc4Y{{\\xa5;\\xe8K.\\x97F\\x02\\xeb\\xd2[\\x04\\x91T\\x015&{\\xc7D?\\u0379\\x9fYlJ\\x13\\x86\\xfaO\\x03l<i\\xc8!U\\xe1\\xb7\\xd0\\xe5+\\xe4\\xcfGa\\xa0\\x8fx~\\x93p_ds\\xebB\\xcbp\\x8c\\x94LTZ\\xb5\\x1er\\xd3\\xe7@\\xe1\\x8cR2u\\xb0\\\\[Mv\\xe3\\xfb%\\xb8\\x9dg4\\x8d\\xba\\x15\\xabk\\x84W\\xfe\\xf8\\xfb\\xa7\\a\\xcf;\\xb74\\xfe;\\r\\x9d\\xb1C:\\xf1\\x86v\\xd5\\xc6D\\x83\\x86\\x94\\x18Q\\xd0\\x06\\xce:z\\xc1\\xfe\\xfa\\xc1=\\r\\xe3[\\xaa仅\\xe1>;d'~+\\x1cѪ\\xebq\\\\\\xdd\\xf8zA\\xfd\\x1f\\xee᙭\\vcd\\xe4+\\xc4\\xe3ށ\\xad\\xed\\xb4\\xc13 \\xb1\\xd0N\\x9d3\\xe9Φʿ3\\xd9\\x1e\\xe7\\xea\\xf7\\xc0\\x15\\xed\\x92\\xddk\\xecf\\xabl\\x94\\x8d(сx\\xa36\\xf4\\xa58\\x18t¿\\xffp\\x14\\xb5\\x98(m\\x04\\xd5\\x1b(f\\xe0\\x9e\\xfa\\xaap\\xd0|\\xeb;\\xed\\xb1\\xc5\\xc2\\xe7\\xa7#l\\xdb^\\xc8\\xf7\\xa6W\\xeab\\x8b\\x83\\x86\\xfcC\\xfa\\n\\x13\\xf1DJ\\xe9$e\\x86)\\x99K>\\x9c\\x94FX~vL[\\x9c\\x1aZk\\xed\\x978\\xed\\x9c\\xd5t\\xe3\\x86#\\x8e\\xf3\\xac\\xd8x\\xf1\\xe8\\x17r\\xc07K^Oca\\xf9\\xb7\\xd1C\\xc9\\x00@\\xa8\\xca\\xfbUY\\xe5n\\x02\\x1bI\\xf6A|:\\xb6\\xd0U/\\x84\\x8e\\x87\\fh\\x1c\\xe6*\\x84\\b͎\\xf4T۱A\\xe6\\x1e\\xdd\\xe6\\xed%*\\xb6\\xb5\\xfc/\\x95S\\x9brzs\\xdaE\\xfe6\\x01ދf\\x1fĈ߃ٽ웵\\xb6\\x16\\x8b\\x00~LW\\x0e\\xde3uA\\xa3G<\\x90\\xbeޅ(\\x16|\\x82L\\x1a\\x10\\xc5%n\\xcdV\\x8e\\x86\\xf0F\\x06\\x01\\x0e\\xffx8ƣ\\\\L(\\xd3\\tu\\xa5\\xff\\xb5x~\\x7f\\x16xk\\\\\\xc1\\xe1\\x85E5x\\x85aQ\\x01y\\x0e\\xab~cۖ\\x8a\\xb5mx_\\xf2K8\\xbc\\x81L\\x93z\\xe1\\xde\\xfabQ\\xf9\\x9f&:(ܥ\\x85\\x98\\x99{\\xc7\\xe2K\\x7fY\\x8c}e%\\xf0T1\\xdaf\\x05{/,k\\x16Gߞ\\x98h\\x17nd5X`o+\\x1e\\xd7}]\\xc6\\xe5\\xff\\xe2o\\xb8\\t\\xf7>u\\xb1\\x9aW(.M\\xdaD\\u07bb\\xae\\x17\\xda\\xf8\\x1ab\\xfa\\xb4W\\x9cz\\x87\\x80\\xaf\\xaa\\x89\\xea\\xae\\x11\\b\\xb8\\xb9\\xf6\\xf2\\x82\\xf7Lu\\x1d\\x1e\\xcaD\\xa6\\xf0lf\\xef\\u0099[\\x04/\\x9d0\\x7f\\x86\\x17O\\xa5Ϸsu\\xf8\\xe1\\x0e\\xc9\\xea\\xbbOhf\\x0e\\xe8\\xae~N\\xb9Å\\x0f4\\x11\\x13\\x96\\x05X춇\\xc0\\xbdж\\xe3vLppa\\xb61\\xbe\\a0O\\xf2\\xb2\\xaf\\x17V\\xca\\xe1Q\\x1d\\x01\\xc2\\xd6r\\x9e\\x9dKWG\\x88$\\xa5\\xcb\\x15\\xf3(\\x9e\\x96\\x0e\\xf4պ[\\x8aj\\xc63?\\x97\\xc6\\x0f\\xbeKbYh\\\\b@~7<\\x8db\\x8a\\xb8G\\xf8\\xff9U\\xb6g[\\x1f\\xbb\\xfc\\xfd\\x03\\xf1\\v\\xa7C\\x01\\xdc5\\x0f\\xa3\\xbc\\xd8Ŀ\\xe0B\\xb8\\x1c\\xe9\\x90\\xc6B\\u218c\\xf6\\x97\\x98K\\xd0ʆȭ\\xee\\xca\\x1d\\xa6\\xe5\\xc2{~\\xf2=}2\\x81~\\x1f\\xa16\\x82\\xf3\\xd2\\xd0\\x05˷Npm\\x8a\\\"\\x8a\\f%|P\\xc9\\t\\xf1\\xd7E\\xc9\\xfe\\xfc(\\xa8\\xc3y \\x7fa\\x11\\xcfs\\xcb\\xffV\\xd1F\\xc2 \\xdeN6Us\\xed{\\xa7\\x01\\xb2\\x7f,\\xfe\\x8d\\x8eB`\\b\\xb6\\x02\\x96\\x1a\\xbf\\xf4\\xd8\\xd6\\xf8\\x88pG\\x92\\xaa\\xec\\bLP\\x12\\t\\x80\\xf2,트\\x18\\xb1\\xea\\xf3\\xae<Tɯ\\xdf\\xdfn\\xf6\\x80ߋ\\xf6\\xf3\\x97W\\xdd\\xcd\\xc7v\\xfb\\x16#B\\x04\\xcd\\x14p\\x15,Z\\xb87\\xc0\\xffQ\\x16OD\\x10\\xe7d\\x86\\xb9\\xd1\\xdc\\x03\\xae=\\x93\\xb8_p\\xcdm\\xd3]BF\\xf1;W\\xadK\\x14\\xb9\\xbb\\xb3\\x8aD\\xca\\xcf\\x17\\x0fٟ\\x1b\\x7f\\xb3m\\x8c\\x9e\\x9f\\xf8\\xbd\\x1d\\nj\\xf9\\x05\\ue98bf\\x97ԓ\\xf4?\\x16\\xbd\\x91\\xa7\\xb3\\xc3\\xe6\\x00-\\xb3\\xd5\\b\\f\\xf1`Ҵ\\xba\\xb6\\xcdb\\xdf\\x021\\x1d{i\\xbf=\\x12:\\xe1\\xbb\\xdeÌ.\\x12\\x06B3\\xf1Uw\\x91l\\x95\\xa8\\x12\\x83\\x05&k[\\xe4\\xf0$\\xde\\xc7y\\x1f۬\\x87\\xe8\\xb3ɅT5\\xa3\\xca\\xc7\\x0e\\xcfk`\\xf9Z;7\\fYO\\xc4\\xcf\\xf5X\\x88\\xa0#\\x9a\\xb2\\xf5\\xb7M\\xc2:\\xd0\\b\\xf0|\\x84\\x85FKR\\u05cb범\\x1e*\\xc3\\xda\\x15\\x1a2\\xe9U\\xe0\\xd6\\x1b<\\v0\\x7f\\x87F|qpۦ=\\xc6\\xdc\\x19\\xc9w\\x80\\xe9/l\\xdeS\\x9b)\\x88\\t\\xcdʒ*\\xcf6DT\\xc7ː\\x85\\x94\\x97\\x14\\xc4@\\x86?}\\xb7\\xe4\\xf0D\\xc8\\xd0\\xf5\\x9aJ\\xbc\\x93\\x06\\xdc!\\xed\\xea\\x1f\\x98\\xb3\\x1d\\x8d&АC:\\x83\\xd76\\x18\\xeb\\xe4Q\\x11\\xa6mNc\\x1a\\xfb\\x82\\x84\\xde馷\\xf5F\\xe0\\x06\\x85|\\x1b\\xce\\xff\\xf3w\\xe0\\xaa>\\x81y\\xbek\\n\\xce:\\x8d\\x90\\x91LhF_? \\xa4\\xf4\\xb13\\xf6\\xa1\\x14S\\x03\\xc5W牗h\\xae\\xd5\\xf4D\\x9e9\\xeb\\x84ZI9\\xafr}tG#\\x04\\xad\\x9e\\x0635\\xa0\\xf6\\xe7)\\x174e;\\x80\\xcea\\xca\\b\\x1d\\xc8.\\x97\\x18%\\xdbwe\\xa9\\xc3M\\xca}Z\\xcf2\\x14\\xaf\\xc1-Sַm\\xe9݊q\\xc0r\\x00\\xce\\xf9\\x17\\xcb4: \\xd6z&5ؽ\\x8f\\x1fN\\x1cԔIg\\xc5.\\xbe\\xec\\x04s\\xd3m\\x85\\x95\\x84\\\\v\\xae\\xfd\\x8b,\\xa0\\x7f\\x95?}\\xb5\\x15xK\\xc6\\xdc6\\xbc\\xe9Yͥ\\xcbNV\\\"\\xf2\\x00)$q\\xae\\x94X\\xcb\\xcf5\\x11vuk\\xa1\\x02\\xab\\x86\\x152R\\xb69\\x93B\\xeb\\x8b\\xf2\\xafg\\f#D\\xe8\\x85\\xdce\\xd6\\xf1M*\\xb7W\\xff\\x8b\\xefq\\xc3\\xe0X6\\xe1}\\xb2\\vͿ\\x9b\\x06f_k\\xd2\\r~\\xda!W\\x8d\\xe1+\\x98\\xf9e\\xe7\\xe7\\x92\\xd1\\xe8v\\x90\\xb3\\xaac\\x14\\x13p\\x97MM`٩\\xd8\\xcch\\x00\\xdb\\xdchF.\\xe8\\xfe\\x03\\xb3\\x8c\\b֨\\x8b\\x9c~\\xe8b\\xcc\\f\\x82\\xe3\\x9abHd\\x84\\xb1\\xfb\\xecD\\xb2Fz\\xf2<\\x98\\xc7\\xfb\\xd8nD\\x11pK\\xf4\\x1c\\xb4Yj\\x8b\\xf3\\x95\\xa2$.\\xe7\\xb6\\x1d\\x06DI\\xca\\xdbX]2\\xbe\\xdb\\xfc\\x00\\x1bl)\\xaa\\xa0\\x84\\xae\\xfaDW\\xf4\\x14\\xc9!6\\xca\\b\\x92\\x15:wIm-\\xaf\\xcb\\xee\\xc0\\xc1\\a\\xd8\\xd6F\\x1e)\\vxN\\x12r\\x11\\xe9\\xf4\\xa50000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\\xbe000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\\xda000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\")\n")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/469238d27e063dfeff57d0dff00d520a46d5dbe3b784e8c8fd371961555138f4 b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/469238d27e063dfeff57d0dff00d520a46d5dbe3b784e8c8fd371961555138f4
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2ed375e06e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/469238d27e063dfeff57d0dff00d520a46d5dbe3b784e8c8fd371961555138f4
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("go test fuzz v1\n[]byte(\"000100000\\x93\\x93A00\\x930000100000000000100000001000000010000000A0000000A000200010000000A0000000A0000000A000000010000000A0000\")\n")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/47d9917861ffd1eb170534ef258216673b22c8df59488a242b351339cf01aca7 b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/47d9917861ffd1eb170534ef258216673b22c8df59488a242b351339cf01aca7
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1d097e66bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/47d9917861ffd1eb170534ef258216673b22c8df59488a242b351339cf01aca7
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("go test fuzz v1\n[]byte(\"00000001000000010000000A0000000A0000000A0000000A0000000A0000000A0000000A0001000000010000000A0000000A0000000B00010000000A0000000A0000000A0000000A0000000A0000000A0000000A0000000A0000000A0000000A00010000000A0000\")\n")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/4898c542e9e1d8779b9b7d28e4f42e94cfdb48f3e5f7f9583da1f08b2f56a90c b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/4898c542e9e1d8779b9b7d28e4f42e94cfdb48f3e5f7f9583da1f08b2f56a90c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8a269d6f9b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/4898c542e9e1d8779b9b7d28e4f42e94cfdb48f3e5f7f9583da1f08b2f56a90c
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("go test fuzz 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\xf7\\xf7\\xf70\\xf7\\xf7\\xe5\\xf7\\xf70\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf70\\xf7\\xf7\\xf70\\xf70\\xf70\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf70\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf700\\xf7\\xf7\\xf70\\xf70\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xe50\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf700\\xf7\\xf7\\xe50\\xf7\\xf7\\xe5\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf70\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf70\\xf7\\xf7\\xf70\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf70\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf700\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf70\\xe5\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf70\\xe5\\xe5\\xf7\\xf70\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xe5\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf70\\xf7\\xf7\\xf70\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf70\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf70\\xf7\\xf70\\xf70\\xf7\\xf7\\xe5\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf70\\xf7\\xe5\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf70000\\xf70\\xf70\\xf70\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf70\\xf70\\xf7\\xf7\\xf70\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xe50\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf70\\xf70\\xf70\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf70\\xf7\\xf7\\xf700\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7000\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf700\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf70\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xe5\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xe5\\xf7\\xf7\\xe5\\xf70\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf70\\xf7\\xe5\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf70\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf700\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf70\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf70\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf70\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xe5\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf70\\xf70\\xf70\\xf7\\xf7\\xf70\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf70\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xe5\\xf7\\xf70\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xe5\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xe5\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xe5\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xe5\\xf7\\xe5\\xf7\\xf700\\xf7\\xe5\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xe5\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf700\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7\\xf7000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe50000\")\n")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/48e1bbb44a20a824ed90c150d0d6c60d8279d37a711284672c7870b237eeb151 b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/48e1bbb44a20a824ed90c150d0d6c60d8279d37a711284672c7870b237eeb151
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..36b3ceef57
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/48e1bbb44a20a824ed90c150d0d6c60d8279d37a711284672c7870b237eeb151
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("go test fuzz v1\n[]byte(\"0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\\xc0\\xc2\\xc20\\xc2\\xc2\\xc20\\xc2\\xc2\\xc20\\xc2\\xc2\\xc20\\xc2\\xc2\\xc20\\xc2\\xc2\\xc20\\xc2\\xc2\\xc20\\xc2\\xc2\\xc20\\xc2\\xc2\\xc20\\xc2\\xc2\\xc20\\xc2\\xc2\\xc20\\xc2\\xc2\\xc20\\xc2\\xc2\\xc20\\xc2\\xc2\\xc20\\xc2\\xc2\\xc20\\xc2\\xc2\\xc20\\xc2\\xc2\\xc20\\xc2\\xc2\\xc20\\xc2\\xc2\\xc20\\xc2\\xc2\\xc20\\xc2\\xc2\\xc20\\xc2\\xc2\\xc20\\xc2\\xc2\\xc20\\xc2\\xc2\\xc20\\xc2\\xc2\\xc20\\xc2\\xc2\\xc20\\xc2\\xc2\\xc20\\xc2\\xc2\\xc20\\xc2\\xc2\\xc20\\xc2\\xc2\\xc20\\xc2\\xc2\\xc20\\xc2\\xc2\\xc20\\xc2\\xc2\\xc200000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\")\n")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/48eb5ee27cb53a6eb3bbb0f5a66ff41a644a19f8e45a54a76c0733610c73ef8e b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/48eb5ee27cb53a6eb3bbb0f5a66ff41a644a19f8e45a54a76c0733610c73ef8e
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3613843d6d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/48eb5ee27cb53a6eb3bbb0f5a66ff41a644a19f8e45a54a76c0733610c73ef8e
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("go test fuzz v1\n[]byte(\"0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\")\n")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/49abf3e72e013d8a1aeb37661d01da5c17207f054f0a2d1168a9aa7910874ec9 b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/49abf3e72e013d8a1aeb37661d01da5c17207f054f0a2d1168a9aa7910874ec9
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7d62b25753
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/49abf3e72e013d8a1aeb37661d01da5c17207f054f0a2d1168a9aa7910874ec9
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("go test fuzz v1\n[]byte(\"000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000100000000000X0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\")\n")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/4c0d222e98944a9019a9a9ceb08c36656d6f6d1410d0c67e5f0e59e55e8e1ff1 b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/4c0d222e98944a9019a9a9ceb08c36656d6f6d1410d0c67e5f0e59e55e8e1ff1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..74eb6e4f82
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/4c0d222e98944a9019a9a9ceb08c36656d6f6d1410d0c67e5f0e59e55e8e1ff1
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("go test fuzz v1\n[]byte(\"0\\xd7\\xd7\\xd70\\xd7\\xd7\\xd70\\xd7\\xd7\\xd70\\xd7\\xd7\\xd70\\xd7\\xd7\\xd70\\xd7\\xd7\\xd70\\xd7\\xd7\\xd70\\xd7\\xd7\\xd70\\xd7\\xd7\\xd70\\xd7\\xd7\\xd70\\xd7\\xd7\\xd70\\xd7\\xd7\\xd70\\xd7\\xd7\\xd70\\xd7\\xd7\\xd70\\xd7\\xd7\\xd70\\xd7\\xd7\\xd70\\xd7\\xd7\\xd70\\xd7\\xd7\\xd70\\xd7\\xd7\\xd70\\xd7\\xd7\\xd70\\xd7\\xd7\\xd70\\xd7\\xd7\\xd70\\xd7\\xd7\\xd70\\xd7\\xd7\\xd70\\xd7\\xd7\\xd70\\xd7\\xd7\\xd70\\xd7\\xd7\\xd70\\xd7\\xd7\\xd70\\xd7\\xd7\\xd70\\xd7\\xd7\\xd70\\xd3\\xd7\\xd70\\xd7\\xd7\\xd7000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\")\n")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/4c39a145dd121722b1f056e2583ce545483da0e946b68d0114ba5f916cfef183 b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/4c39a145dd121722b1f056e2583ce545483da0e946b68d0114ba5f916cfef183
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ef30c1bf17
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/4c39a145dd121722b1f056e2583ce545483da0e946b68d0114ba5f916cfef183
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("go test fuzz v1\n[]byte(\"00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000008000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\")\n")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/4c7f2d7633bd5dd51cf32f5cfc66406fde5a5385014b2d12406d229679edc342 b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/4c7f2d7633bd5dd51cf32f5cfc66406fde5a5385014b2d12406d229679edc342
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..45cfcf13c6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/4c7f2d7633bd5dd51cf32f5cfc66406fde5a5385014b2d12406d229679edc342
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("go test fuzz v1\n[]byte(\"000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000X000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\\xfe/00000000000000\")\n")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/4ca1a9d57081092cbe1c39e4df036383db9595f7373103a743dbb3552175663c b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/4ca1a9d57081092cbe1c39e4df036383db9595f7373103a743dbb3552175663c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..85fed34200
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/4ca1a9d57081092cbe1c39e4df036383db9595f7373103a743dbb3552175663c
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("go test fuzz v1\n[]byte(\"00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001000010000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\")\n")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/502a8c27a532105a179e145f09a5c392dfdfd3ccd3d55db6894d15dea9e2c63f b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/502a8c27a532105a179e145f09a5c392dfdfd3ccd3d55db6894d15dea9e2c63f
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c16e1e143e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/502a8c27a532105a179e145f09a5c392dfdfd3ccd3d55db6894d15dea9e2c63f
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("go test fuzz 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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/50cf26206a48b7fbfd581dd577fe3af7206043d4a6467f8cd2abebfa9052aa27 b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/50cf26206a48b7fbfd581dd577fe3af7206043d4a6467f8cd2abebfa9052aa27
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3d1f89ceee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/50cf26206a48b7fbfd581dd577fe3af7206043d4a6467f8cd2abebfa9052aa27
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("go test fuzz v1\n[]byte(\"0\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a0\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a0\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a0\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a0\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a0\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a0\\x1a\\x1a\\x1aA\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a0\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a0\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a0\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a0\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a0\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a0\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a0\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a0\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a0\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a0\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a0\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a0\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a0\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a0\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a0\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a0\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a0\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a0\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a0\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a0\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a0\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a0\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a0\\x1a\\x1a\\x1aA\\x1a\\x1a\\x1aA00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000A00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001\")\n")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/52584dbab125cae916ee4ae8f7e224547a6a12a0b187827c48f4c00cbe7d3d44 b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/52584dbab125cae916ee4ae8f7e224547a6a12a0b187827c48f4c00cbe7d3d44
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0afa3d138b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/52584dbab125cae916ee4ae8f7e224547a6a12a0b187827c48f4c00cbe7d3d44
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("go test fuzz v1\n[]byte(\"0\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a0\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a0\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a0\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a0\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a0\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a0\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a1\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a0\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a0\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a0\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a0\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a0\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a0\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a0\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a0\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a0\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a0\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a0\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a0\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a0\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a0\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a0\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a0\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a0\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a0\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a0\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a0\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a0\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a0\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a0\\x1a\\x1a\\x1aA\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000A000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\")\n")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/52d361eb35e0f22d170bd1e3a2463ca339cc803d9140b903a977d1e420d96089 b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/52d361eb35e0f22d170bd1e3a2463ca339cc803d9140b903a977d1e420d96089
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..aeb69f584c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/52d361eb35e0f22d170bd1e3a2463ca339cc803d9140b903a977d1e420d96089
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("go test fuzz v1\n[]byte(\"001000000010000000010000000A0000000A0000000A0000000A0000000A000000100000000A0000000A0000000A0000000A000000010000000A0000000A0000000A0000000A0000000A0000000A0000000A0000000A00010000000A000000010000000A0000000A000000010000000A000000010001000A00000010000000100001000000010000\")\n")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/55ae53865eb1c823cb93a0775f3157bf20ca54c855e66116a882f2953dcc5f0c b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/55ae53865eb1c823cb93a0775f3157bf20ca54c855e66116a882f2953dcc5f0c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c1c958b397
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/55ae53865eb1c823cb93a0775f3157bf20ca54c855e66116a882f2953dcc5f0c
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("go test fuzz v1\n[]byte(\"000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000080000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000!0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\")\n")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/56009852a6a8482649ba610761a94cd11ee8e8b332064918ff4b0d27fb5f7c01 b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/56009852a6a8482649ba610761a94cd11ee8e8b332064918ff4b0d27fb5f7c01
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2d8ed344ae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/56009852a6a8482649ba610761a94cd11ee8e8b332064918ff4b0d27fb5f7c01
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("go test fuzz v1\n[]byte(\"000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000A00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\")\n")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/584e6f17a5183b6a28e859c55cd0317e2bb649101a97cb2db4595bbf0a746fa9 b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/584e6f17a5183b6a28e859c55cd0317e2bb649101a97cb2db4595bbf0a746fa9
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..127f03f424
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/584e6f17a5183b6a28e859c55cd0317e2bb649101a97cb2db4595bbf0a746fa9
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("go test fuzz v1\n[]byte(\"00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000002000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\")\n")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/586cde06faacf9b81fa48bbf9e794aaa718e47085b5fae7e18f05657b916e63a b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/586cde06faacf9b81fa48bbf9e794aaa718e47085b5fae7e18f05657b916e63a
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c94ae69d03
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/586cde06faacf9b81fa48bbf9e794aaa718e47085b5fae7e18f05657b916e63a
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("go test fuzz v1\n[]byte(\"000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000x00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\")\n")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/594233b71f75c52745d01adf57fd25d1a64b5982c84b321bac1a867020c93b86 b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/594233b71f75c52745d01adf57fd25d1a64b5982c84b321bac1a867020c93b86
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..50d5944547
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/594233b71f75c52745d01adf57fd25d1a64b5982c84b321bac1a867020c93b86
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("go test fuzz v1\n[]byte(\"00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\")\n")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/5ab108eee10326056db1a48cdb67e47be8cebe1dddf7ed300cdbba278ab6d142 b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/5ab108eee10326056db1a48cdb67e47be8cebe1dddf7ed300cdbba278ab6d142
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..14339f2eeb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/5ab108eee10326056db1a48cdb67e47be8cebe1dddf7ed300cdbba278ab6d142
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("go test fuzz v1\n[]byte(\"000000010000000A000000010000000A0000000A0000\")\n")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/5d2185a73a4a4e7d4bf7d57060fed3c6df107aa6a9a20d35937a9df1a28f65f0 b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/5d2185a73a4a4e7d4bf7d57060fed3c6df107aa6a9a20d35937a9df1a28f65f0
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6934342bde
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/5d2185a73a4a4e7d4bf7d57060fed3c6df107aa6a9a20d35937a9df1a28f65f0
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("go test fuzz v1\n[]byte(\"0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000020000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000020020000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000020000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000200000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\")\n")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/6246924afc4cd9f7f33389867e021b09db2e6d5cc494f8298aa41dc84321526e b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/6246924afc4cd9f7f33389867e021b09db2e6d5cc494f8298aa41dc84321526e
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..39e39ff3a0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/6246924afc4cd9f7f33389867e021b09db2e6d5cc494f8298aa41dc84321526e
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("go test fuzz v1\n[]byte(\"000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\\xc2000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\\xc2000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\")\n")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/6436cc634360a4b0d6a3f9ebb8650f93ea12b5f926b860c2317e1adb95dc0f2a b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/6436cc634360a4b0d6a3f9ebb8650f93ea12b5f926b860c2317e1adb95dc0f2a
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5140c288ff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/6436cc634360a4b0d6a3f9ebb8650f93ea12b5f926b860c2317e1adb95dc0f2a
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("go test fuzz v1\n[]byte(\"00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000x000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000a0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\")\n")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/6738732a3862592748541da8b3f075430dc8490990a844b1f9eec5cab847036a b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/6738732a3862592748541da8b3f075430dc8490990a844b1f9eec5cab847036a
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f9818d57eb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/6738732a3862592748541da8b3f075430dc8490990a844b1f9eec5cab847036a
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("go test fuzz v1\n[]byte(\"00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000x00010000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000x00080000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\")\n")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/676205b763060464fbd88a1fc6ffafea414bd90190b821be6d8b663c693d9c74 b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/676205b763060464fbd88a1fc6ffafea414bd90190b821be6d8b663c693d9c74
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..806bb02c06
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/676205b763060464fbd88a1fc6ffafea414bd90190b821be6d8b663c693d9c74
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("go test fuzz v1\n[]byte(\"00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000X00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000X0000000X000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000X00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\")\n")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/6871795467747c91cd1b465ccf3da6e5606072103fdd1feb7308b279d00f23eb b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/6871795467747c91cd1b465ccf3da6e5606072103fdd1feb7308b279d00f23eb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3848028975
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/6871795467747c91cd1b465ccf3da6e5606072103fdd1feb7308b279d00f23eb
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("go test fuzz v1\n[]byte(\"0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000x000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000x00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\")\n")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/6aec02b99c8a04ad39cb0f5f19df4e2300603caf4d21cba5e1a332f68f04b1a8 b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/6aec02b99c8a04ad39cb0f5f19df4e2300603caf4d21cba5e1a332f68f04b1a8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..826c2e9ade
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/6aec02b99c8a04ad39cb0f5f19df4e2300603caf4d21cba5e1a332f68f04b1a8
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("go test fuzz v1\n[]byte(\"0 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\")\n")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/6ba2b1956371eeb6f6a98b86d72613c07957e455af0bd8005763a5c3b002ee37 b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/6ba2b1956371eeb6f6a98b86d72613c07957e455af0bd8005763a5c3b002ee37
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a24e510065
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/6ba2b1956371eeb6f6a98b86d72613c07957e455af0bd8005763a5c3b002ee37
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("go test fuzz v1\n[]byte(\"00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\\x80$y\\x0e`!S$\\fa\\xedw\\xfc\\xb6\\a3\\xe3\\x9c\\x114\\x15\\xe2:\\xd9\\xccF̔\\xdd\\xc2\\xd2\\nCYopxd$oϜ\\x8b\\x0eW\\x0fpV\\x1e\\x86\\xf7\\xbf\\x9a\\x1f\\x12v1\\xee\\xd1l\\xc9\\x0f\\x87J\\x11\\xf3/\\xf3\\xb3Y\\x82\\x83\\xed=\\xbayZ\\x7f\\x87\\xfc\\xbc\\x8e\\x8e\\x8b\\x96J\\u06020\\xf4\\xbc\\x15G\\xaf\\x13\\x85'\\xfe\\xe3k\\xd2\\xd5C\\xf6k\\x8e\\v\\x01}\\xf0\\xec\\xe4\\xf7\\xb4eV\\xb3-\\b\\x1f\\xa0ksE\\xf9\\x9b\\xab\\xee\\x17=m\\x10\\x18ruow\\x0e_\\x1c\\xf9\\xdda\\xbe\\xc0\\x80N6\\x9a\\xa1\\xbf\\xfe\\xbf\\xdf\\x1d\\x1d\\xfd\\xc5M\\xe6p\\x8b\\xad\\x94\\x11\\xe7\\xca\\xe4]m\\x7fI\\x19\\xdc\\xd9\\xf9\\xe68cdvY\\xccU|\\x1aS\\xad\\xc9\\xca\\x11\\xfa\\xc5fځ\\xe1$\\x14*d\\xcd\\xcd\\xc3\\xdd\\\"\\x1a̓\\xf5(\\xe1TrGL\\xa0λ\\x81\\xdbsb\\xfaXXU\\\"V\\xea\\x12D\\x8e\\x00\\x19%\\x1c\\xa1\\x8c\\xe8g\\xc1\\x86\\xf8E4\\t\\x06.\\x04\\x15.دx\\x02OU\\x85\\xc4Y{{\\xa5;\\xe8K.\\x97F\\x02\\xeb\\xd2[\\x04\\x91T\\x015&{\\xc7D?\\u0379\\x9fYlJ\\x13\\x86\\xfaO\\x03l<i\\xc8!U\\xe1\\xb7\\xd0\\xe5+\\xe4\\xcfGa\\xa0\\x8fx~\\x93p_ds\\xebB\\xcbp\\x8c\\x94LTZ\\xb5\\x1er\\xd3\\xe7@\\xe1\\x8cR2u\\xb0\\\\[Mv\\xe3\\xfb%\\xb8\\x9dg4\\x8d\\xba\\x15\\xabk\\x84W\\xfe\\xf8\\xfb\\xa7\\a\\xcf;\\xb74\\xfe;\\r\\x9d\\xb1C:\\xf1\\x86v\\xd5\\xc6D\\x83\\x86\\x94\\x18Q\\xd0\\x06\\xce:z\\xc1\\xfe\\xfa\\xc1=\\r\\xe3[\\xaa仅\\xe1>;d'~+\\x1cѪ\\xebq\\\\\\xdd\\xf8zA\\xfd\\x1f\\xee᙭\\vcd\\xe4+\\xc4\\xe3ށ\\xad\\xed\\xb4\\xc13 \\xb1\\xd0N\\x9d3\\xe9Φʿ3\\xd9\\x1e\\xe7\\xea\\xf7\\xc0\\x15\\xed\\x92\\xddk\\xecf\\xabl\\x94\\x8d(сx\\xa36\\xf4\\xa58\\x18t¿\\xffp\\x14\\xb5\\x98(m\\x04\\xd5\\x1b(f\\xe0\\x9e\\xfa\\xaap\\xd0|\\xeb\\x8f\\x1fN\\x1cԔI#l\\xdb^\\xc8\\xf7\\xa6W\\xeab\\x8b\\x83\\x86\\xfcC\\xfa\\n\\x13\\xf10DJ\\xe9$e\\x86)\\x99K>\\x9c\\x94FX~vL[\\x9c\\x1aZk\\xed\\x978\\xed\\x9c\\x04/\\x9d0\\x7f\\x86\\xf3\\xac\\xd8x\\xf1\\xe8\\x17r\\xc07K^Oca\\xf9\\xb7\\xd1C\\xc9\\x00@\\xa8\\xca\\xfbUY\\xe5n\\x02\\x1bI\\xf6A|:\\xb6\\xd0U/\\x84\\x8e\\x87\\fh\\x1c\\xe6*\\x84\\b͎\\xf4T۱A\\xe6\\x1e\\xdd\\xe6\\xed%*\\xb6\\xb5\\xfc/\\x95S\\x9brzs\\xdaE\\xfe6\\x01ދf\\x1fĈ߃ٽ웵\\xb6\\x16\\x8b\\x00~LW\\x0e\\xde3uA\\xa3G<\\x90\\xbeޅ(\\x16|\\x82L\\x1a\\x10\\xc5%n\\xcdV\\x8e\\x86\\xf0F\\x06\\x01\\x0e\\xffx8ƣ\\\\L(\\xd3\\tu\\xa5\\xff\\xb5x~\\x7f\\x16xk\\\\\\xc1\\xe1\\x85E5x\\x85aQ\\x01y\\x0e\\xab~cۖ\\x8a\\xb5mx_\\xf2K8\\xbc\\x81L\\x93z\\xe1\\xde\\xfabQ\\xf9\\x9f&:(ܥ\\x85\\x98\\x99{\\xc7\\xe2K\\x7fY\\x8c}e%\\xf0T1\\xdaf\\x05{/,k\\x16Gߞ\\x98h\\x17nd5X`o+\\x1e\\xd7}]\\xc6\\xe5\\xff\\xe2o\\xb8\\t\\xf7>u\\xb1\\x9aW(.M\\xdaD\\u07bb\\xae\\x17\\xda\\xf8\\x1ab\\xfa\\xb4W\\x9cz\\x87\\x80\\xaf\\xaa\\x89\\xea\\xae\\x11\\b\\xb8\\xb9\\xf6\\xf2\\x82\\xf7Lu\\x1d\\x1e\\xcaD\\xa6\\xf0lf\\xef\\u0099[\\x04/\\x9d0\\x7f\\x86\\x17O\\xa5Ϸsu\\xf8\\xe1\\x0e\\xc9\\xea\\xbbOhf\\x0e\\xe8\\xae~N\\xb9Å\\x0f4\\x11\\x13\\x96\\x05X춇\\xc0\\xbdж\\xe3vLppa\\xb61\\xbe\\a0O\\xf2\\xb2\\xaf\\x17V\\xca\\xe1Q\\x1d\\x01\\xc2\\xd6r\\x9e\\x9dKWG\\x88$\\xa5\\xcb\\x15\\xf3(\\x9e\\x96\\x0e\\xf4պ[\\x8aj\\xc63?\\x97\\xc6\\x0f\\xbeKbYh\\\\b@~7<\\x8db\\x8a\\xb8G\\xf8\\xff9U\\xb6g[\\x1f\\xbb\\xfc\\xfd\\x03\\xf1\\v\\xa7C\\x01\\xdc5\\x0f\\xa3\\xbc\\xd8Ŀ\\xe0B\\xb8\\x1c\\xe9\\x90\\xc6B\\u218c\\xf6\\x97\\x98K\\xd0ʆȭ\\xee\\xca\\x1d\\xa6\\xe5\\xc2{~\\xf2=}2\\x81~\\x1f\\xa16\\x82\\xf3\\xd2\\xd0\\x05˷Npm\\x8a\\\"\\x8a\\f%|P\\xc9\\t\\xf1\\xd7E\\xc9\\xfe\\xfc(\\xa8\\xc3y \\x7fa\\x11\\xcfs\\xcb\\xffV\\xd1F\\xc2 \\xdeN6Us\\xed{\\xa7\\x01\\xb2\\x7f,\\xfe\\x8d\\x8eB`\\b\\xb6\\x02\\x96\\x1a\\xbf\\xf4\\xd8\\xd6\\xf8\\x88pG\\x92\\xaa\\xec\\bLP\\x12\\t\\x80\\xf2,트\\x18\\xb1\\xea\\xf3\\xae<Tɯ\\xdf\\xdfn\\xf6\\x80ߋ\\xf6\\xf3\\x97W\\xdd\\xcd\\xc7v\\xfb\\x16#B\\x04\\xcd\\x14p\\x15,Z\\xb87\\xc0\\xffQ\\x16OD\\x10\\xe7d\\x86\\xb9\\xd1\\xdc\\x03\\xae=\\x93\\xb8_p\\xcdm\\xd3]BF\\xf1;W\\xadK\\x14\\xb9\\xbb\\xb3\\x8aD\\xca\\xcf\\x17\\x0fٟ\\x1b\\x7f\\xb3m\\x8c\\x9e\\x9f\\xf8\\xbd\\x1d\\nj\\xf9\\x05\\ue98bf\\x97ԓ\\xf4?\\x16\\xbd\\x91\\xa7\\xb3\\xc3\\xe6\\x00-\\xb3\\xd5\\b\\f\\xf1`Ҵ\\xba\\xb6\\xcdb\\xdf\\x021\\x1d{i\\xbf=\\x12:\\xe1\\xbb\\xdeÌ.\\x12\\x06B3\\xf1Uw\\x91l\\x95\\xa8\\x12\\x83\\x05&k[\\xe4\\xf0$\\xde\\xc7y\\x1f۬\\x87\\xe8\\xb3ɅT5\\xa3\\xca\\xc7\\x0e\\xcfk`\\xf9Z;7\\fYO\\xc4\\xcf\\xf5X\\x88\\xa0#\\x9a\\xb2\\xf5\\xb7M\\xc2:\\xd0\\b\\xf0|\\x84\\x85FKR\\u05cb범\\x1e*\\xd6\\xc3\\xe02|\\x19ڇ<\\x15\\x80\\xa6\\x1bp\\x7f\\xc6U=F\\xc9w\\xdb\\v\\x1aq\\xe90\\xdc\\xe9/l\\xdeS\\x9b)\\x88\\t\\xcdʒ*\\xcf6DT\\xc7ː\\x85\\x94\\x97\\x14\\xc4@\\x86?}\\xb7\\xe4\\xf0D\\xc8\\xd0\\xf5\\x9aJ\\xbc\\x93\\x06\\xdc!\\xed\\xea\\x1f\\x98\\xb3\\x1d\\x8d&АC:\\x83\\xd76\\x18\\xeb\\xe4Q\\x11\\xa6mNc\\x1a\\xfb\\x82\\x84\\xde馷\\xf5F\\xe0\\x06\\x85|\\x1b\\xce\\xff\\xf3w\\xe0\\xaa>\\x81y\\xbek\\n\\xce:\\x8d\\x90\\x91LhF_? \\xa4\\xf4\\xb13\\xf6\\xa1\\x14S\\x03\\xc5W牗h\\xae\\xd5\\xf4D\\x9e9\\xeb\\x84ZI9\\xafr}tG#\\x04\\xad\\x9e\\x0635\\xa0\\xf6\\xe7)\\x174e;\\x80\\xcea\\xca\\b\\x1d\\xc8.\\x97\\x18%\\xdbwe\\xa9\\xc3M\\xca}Z\\xcf2\\x14\\xaf\\xc1-Sַm\\xe9݊q\\xc0r\\x00\\xce\\xf9\\x17\\xcb4: \\xd6z&5ؽ;\\xed\\xb1\\xc5\\xc2\\xe7\\xa7g\\xc5.\\xbe\\xec\\x04s\\xd3m\\x85\\x95\\x84\\\\v\\xae\\xfd\\x8b,\\xa0\\x7f\\x95?}\\xb5\\x15xK\\xc6\\xdc6\\xbc\\xe9Yͥ\\xcbNV\\\"\\xf2\\x00)$q\\xae\\x94X\\xcb\\xcf5\\x11vuk\\xa1\\x02\\xab\\x86\\x152R\\xb69\\x93B\\xeb\\x8b\\xf2\\xafg\\f#D\\xe8\\x85\\xdce\\xd6\\xf1M*\\xb7W\\xff\\x8b\\xefq\\xc3\\xe0X6\\xe1}\\xb2\\vͿ\\x9b\\x06f_k\\xd2\\r~\\xda!W\\x8d\\xe1+\\x98\\xf9e\\xe7\\xe7\\x92\\xd1\\xe8v\\x90\\xb3\\xaac\\x14\\x13p\\x97MM`٩\\xd8\\xcch\\x00\\xdb\\xdchF.\\xe8\\xfe\\x03\\xb3\\x8c\\b֨\\x8b\\x9c~\\xe8b\\xcc\\f\\x82\\xe3\\x9abHd\\x84\\xb1\\xfb\\xecD\\xb2Fz\\xf2<\\x98\\xc7\\xfb\\xd8nD\\x11pK\\xf4\\x1c\\xb4Yj\\x8b\\xf3\\x95\\xa2$.\\xe7\\xb6\\x1d\\x06DI\\xca\\xdbX]2\\xbe\\xdb\\xfc\\x00\\x1bl)\\xaa\\xa0\\x84\\xae\\xfaDW\\xf4\\x14\\xc9!6\\xca\\b\\x92\\x15:wIm-\\xaf\\xcb\\xee\\xc0\\xc1\\a\\xd8\\xd6F\\x1e)\\vxN\\x12r\\x11\\xe9\\xf4\\xa50000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\\xbe000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\\xda000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\")\n")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/6d7d7ee8d4c9097ec44479c1913a303f2773647c46894bd6cc6845d7b4bb5f4e b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/6d7d7ee8d4c9097ec44479c1913a303f2773647c46894bd6cc6845d7b4bb5f4e
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ab2475beae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/6d7d7ee8d4c9097ec44479c1913a303f2773647c46894bd6cc6845d7b4bb5f4e
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("go test fuzz v1\n[]byte(\"0000000000000000X000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000X000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000X000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\\xfe/00000000000000\")\n")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/6dc7452270ae1b4984509e9751b1442ee4b95f7c9c6fb4cac8e696762dcb1b6f b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/6dc7452270ae1b4984509e9751b1442ee4b95f7c9c6fb4cac8e696762dcb1b6f
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e3ab9acda7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/6dc7452270ae1b4984509e9751b1442ee4b95f7c9c6fb4cac8e696762dcb1b6f
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("go test fuzz v1\n[]byte(\"00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000007000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000070000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\")\n")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/6dde32092120c6d483ee107cac688dbe9de4f6df772175dcd76bf10b0e7f0c37 b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/6dde32092120c6d483ee107cac688dbe9de4f6df772175dcd76bf10b0e7f0c37
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4519b3d5da
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/6dde32092120c6d483ee107cac688dbe9de4f6df772175dcd76bf10b0e7f0c37
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("go test fuzz v1\n[]byte(\"00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000A00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000A00000000000000000000000000000000000000000\")\n")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/6fec2cef22d6d7c0debc6380e64c7e2b57220f7f592ca46ec95effe246db366a b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/6fec2cef22d6d7c0debc6380e64c7e2b57220f7f592ca46ec95effe246db366a
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d12f381511
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/6fec2cef22d6d7c0debc6380e64c7e2b57220f7f592ca46ec95effe246db366a
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("go test fuzz v1\n[]byte(\"00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000020000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\")\n")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/7044f1c80bb537d6461c9acc26ab1e3bf1d923e31776a2b9f88294a73ed443de b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/7044f1c80bb537d6461c9acc26ab1e3bf1d923e31776a2b9f88294a73ed443de
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f7d24cafa9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/7044f1c80bb537d6461c9acc26ab1e3bf1d923e31776a2b9f88294a73ed443de
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("go test fuzz v1\n[]byte(\"00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\")\n")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/70fb792a213b6c538db5d4facd77478cb31fdc876c02694ab3bef50710e5c63e b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/70fb792a213b6c538db5d4facd77478cb31fdc876c02694ab3bef50710e5c63e
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ae249b89f8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/70fb792a213b6c538db5d4facd77478cb31fdc876c02694ab3bef50710e5c63e
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("go test fuzz v1\n[]byte(\"000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000900000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\")\n")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/735df2021bcdf81df35f5af051450806733faa1ddfe21513b0e9338e7c4d7ca6 b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/735df2021bcdf81df35f5af051450806733faa1ddfe21513b0e9338e7c4d7ca6
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4e5b39cbeb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/735df2021bcdf81df35f5af051450806733faa1ddfe21513b0e9338e7c4d7ca6
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("go test fuzz v1\n[]byte(\"000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000A0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\")\n")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/73c8044c8d2447fe79e11122fc2634c4aa7be4430384886c701a392a2fd62c0d b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/73c8044c8d2447fe79e11122fc2634c4aa7be4430384886c701a392a2fd62c0d
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..80db3d7216
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/73c8044c8d2447fe79e11122fc2634c4aa7be4430384886c701a392a2fd62c0d
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("go test fuzz v1\n[]byte(\"0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\\xca000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\")\n")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/74835f93ba79ff704fb61dc6a4c14f8ce68d51ee3efb9172eef358bbd58c7610 b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/74835f93ba79ff704fb61dc6a4c14f8ce68d51ee3efb9172eef358bbd58c7610
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f6299551cb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/74835f93ba79ff704fb61dc6a4c14f8ce68d51ee3efb9172eef358bbd58c7610
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("go test fuzz v1\n[]byte(\"0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000002000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000002000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000002000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000020000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\")\n")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/781b59668a952c6ecd073308d82c26b5d476b51c2f10c1467dae6caec993cd96 b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/781b59668a952c6ecd073308d82c26b5d476b51c2f10c1467dae6caec993cd96
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2486e5bdff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/781b59668a952c6ecd073308d82c26b5d476b51c2f10c1467dae6caec993cd96
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("go test fuzz v1\n[]byte(\"00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000070000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000070000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\")\n")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/79302f8cd78f54acb5e360f45cb44a260fc21dac870528ab2a342ef85f8da186 b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/79302f8cd78f54acb5e360f45cb44a260fc21dac870528ab2a342ef85f8da186
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..88d6d8c94f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/79302f8cd78f54acb5e360f45cb44a260fc21dac870528ab2a342ef85f8da186
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("go test fuzz v1\n[]byte(\"0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000X000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000X00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\")\n")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/7bc4e8151965ee7ce650797316ba49486a7c2ac4e9d032ebbb2417f40e9fda7b b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/7bc4e8151965ee7ce650797316ba49486a7c2ac4e9d032ebbb2417f40e9fda7b
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..800a7652bd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/7bc4e8151965ee7ce650797316ba49486a7c2ac4e9d032ebbb2417f40e9fda7b
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("go test fuzz v1\n[]byte(\"00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000080000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000!00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\")\n")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/7e6e3bcf0235fa5adc7831d74231279839f5ffade7037954b3bdc71829c5482a b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/7e6e3bcf0235fa5adc7831d74231279839f5ffade7037954b3bdc71829c5482a
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..dcab2e2851
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/7e6e3bcf0235fa5adc7831d74231279839f5ffade7037954b3bdc71829c5482a
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("go test fuzz v1\n[]byte(\"0000000B0000000A000B0000000A0000000A0000000A0000000A0000000A0000000A00070000000A0000000A0000000A0000000A000X0000000A000200 0000A0000000A000X000000010000000A0000000A0000000A0000000C0000000A0000000A0000000A0000000A0000000A0000000A000\\x93000\\x950000000B00 0000A0000000X0000000A0000000A0000000A0000000A0000000A00090000000A000000010000000A0000000A000000010000000A000000010000000A0000000A0000000A0000000A0000000A0000000A0000000A0000000A0000\")\n")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/80462184ed92523e56ab91e44409a03b8b14e3bd88455c7ac638a7385ccc1224 b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/80462184ed92523e56ab91e44409a03b8b14e3bd88455c7ac638a7385ccc1224
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..cb2066df33
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/80462184ed92523e56ab91e44409a03b8b14e3bd88455c7ac638a7385ccc1224
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("go test fuzz v1\n[]byte(\"0000000000000A0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000A0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\")\n")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/8252c9ee08c8aca728644ba40cd38ff45e02edad67c61e5c905837cdeb14cffc b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/8252c9ee08c8aca728644ba40cd38ff45e02edad67c61e5c905837cdeb14cffc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e26dc161ad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/8252c9ee08c8aca728644ba40cd38ff45e02edad67c61e5c905837cdeb14cffc
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("go test fuzz v1\n[]byte(\"0 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000A0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\")\n")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/82b5fe7fe265f963734aaf3edadf8ddce5b1dcab64155de1e3f3fb6a80286fd0 b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/82b5fe7fe265f963734aaf3edadf8ddce5b1dcab64155de1e3f3fb6a80286fd0
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..62627e55e0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/82b5fe7fe265f963734aaf3edadf8ddce5b1dcab64155de1e3f3fb6a80286fd0
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("go test fuzz v1\n[]byte(\"000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe50X0\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe500000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\")\n")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/83de7d5430c5193ce2cfcbc68e6ac800e31f39feec13fba6697c016cfdee9570 b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/83de7d5430c5193ce2cfcbc68e6ac800e31f39feec13fba6697c016cfdee9570
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6d75397c28
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/83de7d5430c5193ce2cfcbc68e6ac800e31f39feec13fba6697c016cfdee9570
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("go test fuzz v1\n[]byte(\"000000010000000A0000000A0000000A0000000A0000000A0000000A0000000A0000000A0007000000010000000A0000000A0000000A0000000A0000000A0000000A0000000A0000000A0000000A0000000A0000000A0000000A0000000A000X0000000A0000\")\n")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/8a38e3bcb4bb4b0b111ca1e774ca70afe3aee3181fb031e8d42af690377c0e1f b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/8a38e3bcb4bb4b0b111ca1e774ca70afe3aee3181fb031e8d42af690377c0e1f
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..71d398b2fa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/8a38e3bcb4bb4b0b111ca1e774ca70afe3aee3181fb031e8d42af690377c0e1f
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("go test fuzz v1\n[]byte(\"00000000000000000008000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000008000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000&00 10000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\")\n")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/8b7584a841aa22959a387d21dad8ed95d9cde2a876be61a52135f72d117e357f b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/8b7584a841aa22959a387d21dad8ed95d9cde2a876be61a52135f72d117e357f
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6a7249a077
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/8b7584a841aa22959a387d21dad8ed95d9cde2a876be61a52135f72d117e357f
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("go test fuzz v1\n[]byte(\"00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000007000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000007000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\")\n")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/8ba4ec0907eae145d1fad9a6f4f2652368bc1ccfd76f0702cf7b212329b5befc b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/8ba4ec0907eae145d1fad9a6f4f2652368bc1ccfd76f0702cf7b212329b5befc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b6c68f5a0a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/8ba4ec0907eae145d1fad9a6f4f2652368bc1ccfd76f0702cf7b212329b5befc
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("go test fuzz v1\n[]byte(\"00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000100000000000000000000000007000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000700000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\")\n")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/90b12c1c5ed4e171d09c7251244d6925f49a9819f082d86c0820a73104ab755e b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/90b12c1c5ed4e171d09c7251244d6925f49a9819f082d86c0820a73104ab755e
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..73ff6f9a7c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/90b12c1c5ed4e171d09c7251244d6925f49a9819f082d86c0820a73104ab755e
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("go test fuzz v1\n[]byte(\"00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\\xe50000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\\xba000000000000000000000000000000000000\\xf3\\xf3\\xf3\\xf3\\xf3\\xf30000000000000000000000000000000000000\")\n")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/919d9b4423d0593ce102265eee3cf6b05d9814fd350a855417a175c9d8350351 b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/919d9b4423d0593ce102265eee3cf6b05d9814fd350a855417a175c9d8350351
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3222f8e442
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/919d9b4423d0593ce102265eee3cf6b05d9814fd350a855417a175c9d8350351
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("go test fuzz v1\n[]byte(\"0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000002000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000002001000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000002000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000200000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\")\n")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/91a0e95093d3f67ede7c2c217424caa45e4db1b0086d8432d43bc50c4922d79b b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/91a0e95093d3f67ede7c2c217424caa45e4db1b0086d8432d43bc50c4922d79b
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ba87ae56c0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/91a0e95093d3f67ede7c2c217424caa45e4db1b0086d8432d43bc50c4922d79b
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("go test fuzz v1\n[]byte(\"000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000X0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\")\n")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/92ca7994860c71ec5ab25e712b370bb9da0d71b9964882f093e9569d036e8fb1 b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/92ca7994860c71ec5ab25e712b370bb9da0d71b9964882f093e9569d036e8fb1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a71aa7faf2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/92ca7994860c71ec5ab25e712b370bb9da0d71b9964882f093e9569d036e8fb1
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("go test fuzz v1\n[]byte(\"00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000200000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000020000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\")\n")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/940c7dac79fe3b9b3a44a023cf75258732cacb03a8af9237df355a7646527a0b b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/940c7dac79fe3b9b3a44a023cf75258732cacb03a8af9237df355a7646527a0b
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2140a7b439
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/940c7dac79fe3b9b3a44a023cf75258732cacb03a8af9237df355a7646527a0b
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("go test fuzz v1\n[]byte(\"00000000000000008000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\")\n")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/95375140cb4e7e3056cbc8c223337e635fc31c502fc5dd8d1f86b22ec5b69ba4 b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/95375140cb4e7e3056cbc8c223337e635fc31c502fc5dd8d1f86b22ec5b69ba4
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9160617a0e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/95375140cb4e7e3056cbc8c223337e635fc31c502fc5dd8d1f86b22ec5b69ba4
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("go test fuzz v1\n[]byte(\"00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000070000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\")\n")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/97cd477ec499b43ca3518ad99afbca87b7b4dc5ec5113145b9d8f1faf16681cd b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/97cd477ec499b43ca3518ad99afbca87b7b4dc5ec5113145b9d8f1faf16681cd
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..86b869d602
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/97cd477ec499b43ca3518ad99afbca87b7b4dc5ec5113145b9d8f1faf16681cd
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("go test fuzz v1\n[]byte(\"0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5008\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe50000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\")\n")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/98f318f3b1743b003c5f148608c812c9a0f09927e72544ea2112d1ddebd461c7 b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/98f318f3b1743b003c5f148608c812c9a0f09927e72544ea2112d1ddebd461c7
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..bd7538f07b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/98f318f3b1743b003c5f148608c812c9a0f09927e72544ea2112d1ddebd461c7
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("go test fuzz v1\n[]byte(\"00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\")\n")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/9998a69315a4db8a87f745d0a93af4bc0dcfdb6e9cb4cb28b8cb7b864a3c40e8 b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/9998a69315a4db8a87f745d0a93af4bc0dcfdb6e9cb4cb28b8cb7b864a3c40e8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..88bae0adb6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/9998a69315a4db8a87f745d0a93af4bc0dcfdb6e9cb4cb28b8cb7b864a3c40e8
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("go test fuzz v1\n[]byte(\"000000000000000000 0000A0000000A0000000A0000000A0000000A000B000C0000000A0000000A0000000A0000000A000000010000000A0000000A0000000A0000000A0000000A00000001000A0000000A0000000A0000000A0000000A0000000A000B000C0000000A0000000A0000000A0000000\\x9a000\\xa7000x000y000000010000000A00000001000000010000000A000X0000000A000000010000000A0000000A\")\n")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/99f34f2659fb9032a634f2e9a9c88503ec5f360a24b00fe587ba4c625776496f b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/99f34f2659fb9032a634f2e9a9c88503ec5f360a24b00fe587ba4c625776496f
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..fec9ec5016
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/99f34f2659fb9032a634f2e9a9c88503ec5f360a24b00fe587ba4c625776496f
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("go test fuzz v1\n[]byte(\"0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\\xc2000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\\xc200000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\")\n")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/9ce68d5be174f1345a5c91eec53988443a907cb966f395fafed9b2b55f093c0a b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/9ce68d5be174f1345a5c91eec53988443a907cb966f395fafed9b2b55f093c0a
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..234347d8cf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/9ce68d5be174f1345a5c91eec53988443a907cb966f395fafed9b2b55f093c0a
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("go test fuzz v1\n[]byte(\"00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000800000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\")\n")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/9f0263ae39f59a6ed3d1ca95693ce4247f5fd5bb74fdebbd7d87cd6ca9b25123 b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/9f0263ae39f59a6ed3d1ca95693ce4247f5fd5bb74fdebbd7d87cd6ca9b25123
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3d96169dc3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/9f0263ae39f59a6ed3d1ca95693ce4247f5fd5bb74fdebbd7d87cd6ca9b25123
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("go test fuzz v1\n[]byte(\"0000000000\\xff0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\\xbe000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\\xda00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\\xfe000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\")\n")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/a1bdc0acbbd5c1594e7b3c38e0d8f4136167e73a608ee7de7b0833ff482ea7db b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/a1bdc0acbbd5c1594e7b3c38e0d8f4136167e73a608ee7de7b0833ff482ea7db
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9fad4f3bd2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/a1bdc0acbbd5c1594e7b3c38e0d8f4136167e73a608ee7de7b0833ff482ea7db
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("go test fuzz v1\n[]byte(\"0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\\r0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\\r0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\\r0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\\r0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0\")\n")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/a509b34cffc9d1d66766846efde4a0f4c00298e8ccf3e5bd72cc12ceceec2f91 b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/a509b34cffc9d1d66766846efde4a0f4c00298e8ccf3e5bd72cc12ceceec2f91
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6a0947ecc3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/a509b34cffc9d1d66766846efde4a0f4c00298e8ccf3e5bd72cc12ceceec2f91
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("go test fuzz v1\n[]byte(\"000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000x000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000x000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\")\n")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/a6b35ad851d92120f205c532088cada16c0a593101783484029fa63ba21206ec b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/a6b35ad851d92120f205c532088cada16c0a593101783484029fa63ba21206ec
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..75245f83e5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/a6b35ad851d92120f205c532088cada16c0a593101783484029fa63ba21206ec
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("go test fuzz v1\n[]byte(\"0000000000000001000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000x000x000x000x000x000x000x000x000x000x000x000x000x000x000x000x000x000x000x000x000x000x000x000x000x000x000x000x000x000x000x000x000x000x000x000x000x000x000x000x000x000x000x000x000x000x000x000x000x000x000x000x000x000x000x000x000x000x000x000x000x000x000x000x000x000x000x000x000x000x000x000x000x000x000x000x000x000x000x000x000x000x000x000x000x000x000x000x000x000x000x000x000x000x000x000x000x\")\n")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/a6cc0f8a9dd601053bb818271175ce458018e492d782a7804dab71586bcf3a17 b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/a6cc0f8a9dd601053bb818271175ce458018e492d782a7804dab71586bcf3a17
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7d9133806d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/a6cc0f8a9dd601053bb818271175ce458018e492d782a7804dab71586bcf3a17
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("go test fuzz v1\n[]byte(\"000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\\xbe000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\\xda000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\")\n")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/a6e3324a793840f6f86c1ca1390d80eb1004e4a4531481d466eda787183ec972 b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/a6e3324a793840f6f86c1ca1390d80eb1004e4a4531481d466eda787183ec972
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8d3433aeaf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/a6e3324a793840f6f86c1ca1390d80eb1004e4a4531481d466eda787183ec972
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("go test fuzz v1\n[]byte(\"00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\")\n")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/aa37a94a35f25d87b610a0ab4892e12c80e3ea9cfac6e317b38e92bf8d6cce48 b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/aa37a94a35f25d87b610a0ab4892e12c80e3ea9cfac6e317b38e92bf8d6cce48
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..28be0f70ab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/aa37a94a35f25d87b610a0ab4892e12c80e3ea9cfac6e317b38e92bf8d6cce48
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("go test fuzz v1\n[]byte(\"000000 0000A0000000A0000000A0000000A00000001000200010000000A0000000A0000000A0000000A000000010000000100020000000A0000000A0000000A0000000A0000000C000700080000000A0000000A0000000A0000000100000001000A000000010000000A00000001000000010000000A00010000000A000000010000000A00000\")\n")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/ab0c83116b6f8770aa32503c9df43ea3daf00aef9cb04e0431dff8c6e0c9694a b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/ab0c83116b6f8770aa32503c9df43ea3daf00aef9cb04e0431dff8c6e0c9694a
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3b1bcb9813
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/ab0c83116b6f8770aa32503c9df43ea3daf00aef9cb04e0431dff8c6e0c9694a
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("go test fuzz v1\n[]byte(\"00000000000000008000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000800000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\")\n")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/ab7deac1b8def32e16ef71f41f04f60d817c5c5c871736e2aed7ca5ad598c94d b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/ab7deac1b8def32e16ef71f41f04f60d817c5c5c871736e2aed7ca5ad598c94d
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1c81fcd559
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/ab7deac1b8def32e16ef71f41f04f60d817c5c5c871736e2aed7ca5ad598c94d
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("go test fuzz v1\n[]byte(\"0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000x000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000x00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\")\n")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/abb2fbeb477b6ee30db7ccc6668a8a541dba1954b8402c486ad35eb64b3985a3 b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/abb2fbeb477b6ee30db7ccc6668a8a541dba1954b8402c486ad35eb64b3985a3
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..bbf305d8ea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/abb2fbeb477b6ee30db7ccc6668a8a541dba1954b8402c486ad35eb64b3985a3
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("go test fuzz v1\n[]byte(\"00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000X00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\")\n")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/ac5f19ef3f005d86f8abce54ca6ec48519316aebf8f196d451b45407eecbf1e3 b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/ac5f19ef3f005d86f8abce54ca6ec48519316aebf8f196d451b45407eecbf1e3
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6932c52aa5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/ac5f19ef3f005d86f8abce54ca6ec48519316aebf8f196d451b45407eecbf1e3
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("go test fuzz v1\n[]byte(\"00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001000000000000000000000000000000000000\")\n")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/ad5d950cd76699ee29a8b5cfff518737f8f91542fc2d10ee2313642ceb39d6e7 b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/ad5d950cd76699ee29a8b5cfff518737f8f91542fc2d10ee2313642ceb39d6e7
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1f1a995a90
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/ad5d950cd76699ee29a8b5cfff518737f8f91542fc2d10ee2313642ceb39d6e7
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("go test fuzz v1\n[]byte(\"00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000010000000X000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\\xfe/000000000000000000000\")\n")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/b1ab4136844b2f987b671603ed7523c414fce8ae81475d8c3643d0bc7f4b4b38 b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/b1ab4136844b2f987b671603ed7523c414fce8ae81475d8c3643d0bc7f4b4b38
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..dd66cecd9d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/b1ab4136844b2f987b671603ed7523c414fce8ae81475d8c3643d0bc7f4b4b38
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("go test fuzz v1\n[]byte(\"00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000X0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000010000000X000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 \")\n")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/b373b8e0357e4b97e503ea9edb2adb9ae495033a9c0d68f0a2f3fcc2a365e800 b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/b373b8e0357e4b97e503ea9edb2adb9ae495033a9c0d68f0a2f3fcc2a365e800
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..08bbf56011
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/b373b8e0357e4b97e503ea9edb2adb9ae495033a9c0d68f0a2f3fcc2a365e800
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("go test fuzz 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+++ b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/b412f8791d0ad75b4b94ebfcc3fc982adbfd9b857fc8e1e2ca798d734077daf1
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("go test fuzz v1\n[]byte(\"0X00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\\xdd000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\")\n")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/b6e1da0b13ab10de85a67fbde933445a42889b9d9ec39d7a6bfe617e168dc04b b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/b6e1da0b13ab10de85a67fbde933445a42889b9d9ec39d7a6bfe617e168dc04b
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d95f530193
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/b6e1da0b13ab10de85a67fbde933445a42889b9d9ec39d7a6bfe617e168dc04b
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("go test fuzz v1\n[]byte(\"000000000000000000000A0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\")\n")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/b7dbe68221c9c29f82bc79469c5ae26114f70e063ab4ef86f04fee8b5cb1027e b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/b7dbe68221c9c29f82bc79469c5ae26114f70e063ab4ef86f04fee8b5cb1027e
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..39505d0b7f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/b7dbe68221c9c29f82bc79469c5ae26114f70e063ab4ef86f04fee8b5cb1027e
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("go test fuzz v1\n[]byte(\"0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5008\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe5000\\xe50000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000800000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\")\n")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/b81bab9174b3eca77200d4bf2eb82571217275ac65cf539f9618da489e7a8ad3 b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/b81bab9174b3eca77200d4bf2eb82571217275ac65cf539f9618da489e7a8ad3
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d88984d68d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/b81bab9174b3eca77200d4bf2eb82571217275ac65cf539f9618da489e7a8ad3
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("go test fuzz v1\n[]byte(\"000000000000000A0000000A0000000A0000000A0000000A0000000A000X00080000000A0000000X000Y0000000A0000000A0000000A0000000\\x04000\\x0e000\\x1b007\\xfb008\\xfb0000000A0000000A0000000A0000000A0000000A000000\\r\\xdb00 \\xdb0000000A0000000A0000000A0000000A000\\xc4000\\xca0000000A0000000A0000000A0000000A0000000A0000000X000A0000000A0000000A0000000A0000000A0000000A0000000A0000000A000\\xaa000\\xb70000000A0000000A0000000A0000000A0000000A000X0000000A0000000A0000000A0002000100000001\")\n")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/b847c8c96e4d24591ba23ecb559d693ed1cfe7d26e5d1e26e74e9eb727f72b9a b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/b847c8c96e4d24591ba23ecb559d693ed1cfe7d26e5d1e26e74e9eb727f72b9a
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..153ae7245c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/b847c8c96e4d24591ba23ecb559d693ed1cfe7d26e5d1e26e74e9eb727f72b9a
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("go test fuzz v1\n[]byte(\"0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 \\x1a\\x1a\\x1a \\x1a\\x1a\\x1a \\x1a\\x1a\\x1a \\x1a\\x1a\\x1a \\x1a\\x1a\\x1a \\x1a\\x1a\\x1a \\x1a\\x1a\\x1a \\x1a\\x1a\\x1a \\x1a\\x1a\\x1a \\x1a\\x1a\\x1a \\x1a\\x1a\\x1a \\x1a\\x1a\\x1a#\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a#\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a#\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a#\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a#\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a#\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a#\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a#\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a#\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a#\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a#\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a#\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a#\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a#\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a#\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a#\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a#\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a#\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a#\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a#\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a#\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a#\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a#\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a#\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a#\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a#\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a#\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a#\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a#\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a#\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a#\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a#\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a#\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a#\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a#\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a#\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a#\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a#\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a#\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a#\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a#\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a#\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a#\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a#\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a#\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a#\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a#\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a#\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a#\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a#\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a#\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a#\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a#\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a#\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a#\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a#\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a#\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a#\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a#\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a#\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a#\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a#\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a#\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a#\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a#\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a#\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a#\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a#\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a#\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a#\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a#\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a#\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a#\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a#\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a#\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a#\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a#\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a#\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a#\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a0\\x1a\\x1a\\x1a \\x1a\\x1a\\x1a \\x1a\\x1a\\x1a \\x1a\\x1a\\x1a \\x1a\\x1a\\x1a \\x1a\\x1a\\x1a\")\n")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/b930d5b8f61bb456394dcac79f27b3431688cb3f0b5db2d7afff126e8b8d8df6 b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/b930d5b8f61bb456394dcac79f27b3431688cb3f0b5db2d7afff126e8b8d8df6
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a83012ec89
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/b930d5b8f61bb456394dcac79f27b3431688cb3f0b5db2d7afff126e8b8d8df6
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("go test fuzz v1\n[]byte(\"0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000A000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000A0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000A0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000A000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\")\n")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/bade6b4d0ed632738bd3c5e41f83cc1ae4857d7a0989d719ead13ebcd8ef9bca b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/bade6b4d0ed632738bd3c5e41f83cc1ae4857d7a0989d719ead13ebcd8ef9bca
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6b415db4f2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/bade6b4d0ed632738bd3c5e41f83cc1ae4857d7a0989d719ead13ebcd8ef9bca
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("go test fuzz v1\n[]byte(\"0000A0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000A0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000A0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000A000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\")\n")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/bd1bca6d883fb59bc3f610ac45658fdb7529ec57aaefba1578e04e7db5612430 b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/bd1bca6d883fb59bc3f610ac45658fdb7529ec57aaefba1578e04e7db5612430
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..373a37347e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/bd1bca6d883fb59bc3f610ac45658fdb7529ec57aaefba1578e04e7db5612430
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("go test fuzz v1\n[]byte(\"00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000700000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\")\n")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/bde888172d6043fba46602dec78ded54dfa443cfea3e2520bfe8305269b5dc3b b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/bde888172d6043fba46602dec78ded54dfa443cfea3e2520bfe8305269b5dc3b
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..54b971c9fa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/bde888172d6043fba46602dec78ded54dfa443cfea3e2520bfe8305269b5dc3b
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("go test fuzz v1\n[]byte(\"0000000A0000\")\n")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/bfc387e3883e31928a2b459ae2fb0c2566e1639c1d9be1c8b20d48f401a72e1b b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/bfc387e3883e31928a2b459ae2fb0c2566e1639c1d9be1c8b20d48f401a72e1b
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..efbfae1196
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/bfc387e3883e31928a2b459ae2fb0c2566e1639c1d9be1c8b20d48f401a72e1b
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("go test fuzz v1\n[]byte(\"0000000A0000000A00010010000000010000000A0100000001000000010000000100000001000000080001000000010000000100000001000000010000000100000001000000010000000100000001000000010000000100000009000100000008000100000001000011010100020000000A0000000A000000010000000A00000001000000010000000A0000000A0000000A0000000A0000000100000001000000010000000A0000000A0000000A0000000A000000010000000A0000000A0000000A0000000A0000000A0000\")\n")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/c0bccc497b8d8583c658d755c723ef07d4c04e3b88ed06fb0f2cbd851d55a309 b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/c0bccc497b8d8583c658d755c723ef07d4c04e3b88ed06fb0f2cbd851d55a309
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..eabacc661c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/c0bccc497b8d8583c658d755c723ef07d4c04e3b88ed06fb0f2cbd851d55a309
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("go test fuzz v1\n[]byte(\"\\x01\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\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diff --git a/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/c11be239e2d403dca0c9b61c474ed281292023ff3e8c3a4b4ca4f403cf8f0a65 b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/c11be239e2d403dca0c9b61c474ed281292023ff3e8c3a4b4ca4f403cf8f0a65
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7d8d867bf4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/c11be239e2d403dca0c9b61c474ed281292023ff3e8c3a4b4ca4f403cf8f0a65
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("go test fuzz v1\n[]byte(\"00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000000000000000000000000110000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\")\n")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/c18649778be24cc88ac1127ac5c5d78a6e5f5d39a49e99a807d31f2c89e0f7d4 b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/c18649778be24cc88ac1127ac5c5d78a6e5f5d39a49e99a807d31f2c89e0f7d4
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9d09cf1a33
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/c18649778be24cc88ac1127ac5c5d78a6e5f5d39a49e99a807d31f2c89e0f7d4
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("go test fuzz v1\n[]byte(\"10000000000A000A000A000A000A000A000A000A000A000A000A000A000A000A000A000A000A000A000A000A000A000A000A000A000A000A000A000A000A0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\")\n")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/c50dacb6c027a906f4bc9312564a3b0aa7c6b0d54d518d5e22aa9f4e7cf1772c b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/c50dacb6c027a906f4bc9312564a3b0aa7c6b0d54d518d5e22aa9f4e7cf1772c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..fe2dfc2fd3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/c50dacb6c027a906f4bc9312564a3b0aa7c6b0d54d518d5e22aa9f4e7cf1772c
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("go test fuzz v1\n[]byte(\"00000000000000000000200000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\")\n")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/c6256196b0828b34d1ed62eb542f9f5be8437ff2d8027e83046d7421de2c5e12 b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/c6256196b0828b34d1ed62eb542f9f5be8437ff2d8027e83046d7421de2c5e12
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..eedd0724ef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/c6256196b0828b34d1ed62eb542f9f5be8437ff2d8027e83046d7421de2c5e12
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("go test fuzz v1\n[]byte(\"0\")\n")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/c6d91f4248454ea578204f04b3ca1ff4441e8b304f1fc0e91381e17dea7274d1 b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/c6d91f4248454ea578204f04b3ca1ff4441e8b304f1fc0e91381e17dea7274d1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..01ef3cef6f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/c6d91f4248454ea578204f04b3ca1ff4441e8b304f1fc0e91381e17dea7274d1
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("go test fuzz v1\n[]byte(\"00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000x000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000x00010000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\")\n")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/c70bfef4bd6fec1dce0da687423e650e0a96912fb8a3cfdf8fa9fa37d7fb9658 b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/c70bfef4bd6fec1dce0da687423e650e0a96912fb8a3cfdf8fa9fa37d7fb9658
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e315cbc666
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/c70bfef4bd6fec1dce0da687423e650e0a96912fb8a3cfdf8fa9fa37d7fb9658
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("go test fuzz v1\n[]byte(\"00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000070000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\")\n")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/c85e42c17148356a15bc9d6fda4390c9b47c04cb28cba467b88b29a890b2b7d9 b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/c85e42c17148356a15bc9d6fda4390c9b47c04cb28cba467b88b29a890b2b7d9
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a9c5d636af
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/c85e42c17148356a15bc9d6fda4390c9b47c04cb28cba467b88b29a890b2b7d9
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("go test fuzz v1\n[]byte(\"00000000000A0000000A0000000A0000000A\")\n")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/c8a9e918d8a497ccd870f549c3be69bdbf01626116464fac8ee71e2d5ecea760 b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/c8a9e918d8a497ccd870f549c3be69bdbf01626116464fac8ee71e2d5ecea760
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5a67c61216
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/c8a9e918d8a497ccd870f549c3be69bdbf01626116464fac8ee71e2d5ecea760
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("go test fuzz v1\n[]byte(\"00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW9999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\\x0f000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\\xe500000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\\x00 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\\xba000000000000000000000000000000000000\\xf3\\xf3\\xf3\\xf3\\xf3\\xf30000000000000000000000000000000000000\")\n")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/c9f0eb1a6dd45c7f9915744550c17099bfa8e4ab96618a50991a5d67ffcefcdc b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/c9f0eb1a6dd45c7f9915744550c17099bfa8e4ab96618a50991a5d67ffcefcdc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..255b06c63a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/c9f0eb1a6dd45c7f9915744550c17099bfa8e4ab96618a50991a5d67ffcefcdc
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("go test fuzz v1\n[]byte(\"00000000000000000000080000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000800000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\")\n")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/cae994d6aaf565cde84766510a8a1a47bcd7bb20d00346b907789e21a512cd08 b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/cae994d6aaf565cde84766510a8a1a47bcd7bb20d00346b907789e21a512cd08
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f2505dde08
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/cae994d6aaf565cde84766510a8a1a47bcd7bb20d00346b907789e21a512cd08
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("go test fuzz v1\n[]byte(\"001000000010000000010000000A0000000A0000000A0000000A0000000A000000100000000A0000000A0000000A0000000A000000010000000A0000000A0000000A0000000A0000000A0000000A0000000A0000000A00010000000A000000010000000A0000000A000000010000000A00000001000000ttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttt0A000000100000001000010000000100000\")\n")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/caf7bfd6c5b122d91244bc7e0cdf4bec7b8bbdc2595a0fe4e0612270c320d1a1 b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/caf7bfd6c5b122d91244bc7e0cdf4bec7b8bbdc2595a0fe4e0612270c320d1a1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8bf6908869
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/caf7bfd6c5b122d91244bc7e0cdf4bec7b8bbdc2595a0fe4e0612270c320d1a1
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("go test fuzz v1\n[]byte(\"00000000000000000000000000000000000000000070000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\")\n")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/cbb93dfb4c821715ddd2b245568131ea32d4fbd596d60f9b4e690bed80bedfd6 b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/cbb93dfb4c821715ddd2b245568131ea32d4fbd596d60f9b4e690bed80bedfd6
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b1b57871d1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/cbb93dfb4c821715ddd2b245568131ea32d4fbd596d60f9b4e690bed80bedfd6
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("go test fuzz v1\n[]byte(\"00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\")\n")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/cc5d45c59f032906ecb8a3beb92b392f1be266063d015c01ab491bbe3534cb06 b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/cc5d45c59f032906ecb8a3beb92b392f1be266063d015c01ab491bbe3534cb06
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5b08c609a5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/cc5d45c59f032906ecb8a3beb92b392f1be266063d015c01ab491bbe3534cb06
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("go test fuzz v1\n[]byte(\"0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000X000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\")\n")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/cd0af3241753b71de89455b67bf2cfa2204914cb71aeb2d381c522d8c2558e2e b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/cd0af3241753b71de89455b67bf2cfa2204914cb71aeb2d381c522d8c2558e2e
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..821ee7e3c7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/cd0af3241753b71de89455b67bf2cfa2204914cb71aeb2d381c522d8c2558e2e
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("go test fuzz 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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/cd2a2ba52cf0c49a017b450d2be908843a23fc1645adbb6fb9857d96b335b1b6 b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/cd2a2ba52cf0c49a017b450d2be908843a23fc1645adbb6fb9857d96b335b1b6
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..aa04083622
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/cd2a2ba52cf0c49a017b450d2be908843a23fc1645adbb6fb9857d96b335b1b6
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("go test fuzz v1\n[]byte(\"00000000000000000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\")\n")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/cda65fa8d6204f2c306595d6ac8d67b340252bdb139fb9cf8d2ba2e419db8f70 b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/cda65fa8d6204f2c306595d6ac8d67b340252bdb139fb9cf8d2ba2e419db8f70
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d2bcb136c9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/cda65fa8d6204f2c306595d6ac8d67b340252bdb139fb9cf8d2ba2e419db8f70
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("go test fuzz v1\n[]byte(\"00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000020000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000020000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\")\n")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/ce77e27941cdd821caf2ed65f5fe8f47e4b464f7204c34fa989fbb189b0a7a75 b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/ce77e27941cdd821caf2ed65f5fe8f47e4b464f7204c34fa989fbb189b0a7a75
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..898bc1590a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/ce77e27941cdd821caf2ed65f5fe8f47e4b464f7204c34fa989fbb189b0a7a75
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("go test fuzz v1\n[]byte(\"00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\")\n")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/ce8aae3b56780c58b42250ded4b4ede9bd73f0eebaab210b627585bbfb57e89f b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/ce8aae3b56780c58b42250ded4b4ede9bd73f0eebaab210b627585bbfb57e89f
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..85e08e849a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/ce8aae3b56780c58b42250ded4b4ede9bd73f0eebaab210b627585bbfb57e89f
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("go test fuzz v1\n[]byte(\"0\\xd7\\xd7\\xd70\\xd7\\xd7\\xd70\\xd7\\xd7\\xd70\\xd7\\xd7\\xd70\\xd7\\xd7\\xd70\\xd7\\xd7\\xd70\\xd7\\xd7\\xd70\\xd7\\xd7\\xd70\\xd7\\xd7\\xd70\\xd7\\xd7\\xd70\\xd7\\xd7\\xd70\\xd7\\xd7\\xd70\\xd7\\xd7\\xd70\\xd7\\xd7\\xd70\\xd7\\xd7\\xd70\\xd7\\xd7\\xd70\\xd7\\xd7\\xd70\\xd7\\xd7\\xd70\\xd7\\xd7\\xd70\\xd7\\xd7\\xd70\\xd7\\xd7\\xd70\\xd7\\xd7\\xd70\\xd7\\xd7\\xd70\\xd7\\xd7\\xd70\\xd7\\xd7\\xd70\\xd7\\xd7\\xd70\\xd7\\xd7\\xd70\\xd7\\xd7\\xd70\\xd7\\xd7\\xd70\\xd7\\xd7\\xd70\\xd7\\xd7\\xd70\\xd7\\xd7\\xd70\\xd7\\xd7\\xd70\\xd7\\xd7\\xd70\\xd7\\xd7\\xd70\\xd7\\xd7\\xd70\\xd7\\xd7\\xd70\\xd7\\xd7\\xd70\\xd7\\xd7\\xd70\\xd7\\xd7\\xd70\\xd7\\xd7\\xd70\\xd7\\xd7\\xd70\\xd7\\xd7\\xd70\\xd7\\xd7\\xd70\\xd7\\xd7\\xd70\\xd7\\xd7\\xd70\\xd7\\xd7\\xd70\\xd7\\xd7\\xd70\\xd7\\xd7\\xd70\\xd7\\xd7\\xd70\\xd7\\xd7\\xd70\\xd7\\xd7\\xd70\\xd7\\xd7\\xd70\\xd7\\xd7\\xd70\\xd7\\xd7\\xd70\\xd7\\xd7\\xd70\\xd7\\xd7\\xd70\\xd7\\xd7\\xd70\\xd7\\xd7\\xd70\\xd7\\xd7\\xd70\\xd7\\xd7\\xd70\\xd7\\xd7\\xd70\\xd7\\xd7\\xd70\\xd7\\xd7\\xd70\\xd7\\xd7\\xd70\\xd7\\xd7\\xd70\\xd7\\xd7\\xd70\\xd7\\xd7\\xd70\\xd7\\xd7\\xd70\\xd7\\xd7\\xd70\\xd7\\xd7\\xd70\\xd7\\xd7\\xd70\\xd7\\xd7\\xd70\\xd7\\xd7\\xd70\\xd7\\xd7\\xd70\\xd7\\xd7\\xd70\\xd7\\xd7\\xd70\\xd7\\xd7\\xd70\\xd7\\xd7\\xd70\\xd7\\xd7\\xd70\\xd7\\xd7\\xd70\\xd7\\xd7\\xd70\\xd7\\xd7\\xd70\\xd7\\xd7\\xd70\\xd7\\xd7\\xd70\\xd7\\xd7\\xd70\\xd7\\xd7\\xd70\\xd7\\xd7\\xd70\\xd7\\xd7\\xd70\\xd7\\xd7\\xd70\\xd7\\xd7\\xd70\\xd7\\xd7\\xd70\\xd7\\xd7\\xd70\\xd7\\xd7\\xd70\\xd7\\xd7\\xd70\\xd7\\xd7\\xd70\\xd7\\xd7\\xd70\\xd7\\xd7\\xd70\\xd7\\xd7\\xd70\\xd7\\xd7\\xd70\\xd7\\xd7\\xd70\\xd7\\xd7\\xd70\\xd7\\xd7\\xd70\\xd7\\xd7\\xd70\\xd7\\xd7\\xd70\\xd7\\xd7\\xd70\\xd7\\xd7\\xd70\\xd7\\xd7\\xd70\\xd7\\xd7\\xd70\\xd7\\xd7\\xd70\\xd7\\xd7\\xd70\\xd7\\xd7\\xd70\\xd7\\xd7\\xd70\\xd7\\xd7\\xd70\\xd7\\xd7\\xd70\\xd7\\xd7\\xd70\\xd7\\xd7\\xd70\\xd7\\xd7\\xd70\\xd7\\xd7\\xd70\\xd7\\xd7\\xd70\\xd7\\xd7\\xd70\\xd7\\xd7\\xd70\\xd7\\xd7\\xd70\\xd7\\xd7\\xd70\\xd7\\xd7\\xd70\\xd7\\xd7\\xd70\\xd7\\xd7\\xd7\\xd7\\xd7\\xd7\\xd700\\xd700\\xd7\\xd7000000000X000000000000000X000000000000000X000000000000000\")\n")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/cf5f655d1033c02c438172768fa296f0d58afd61b7f3504e1e6aa25de735c260 b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/cf5f655d1033c02c438172768fa296f0d58afd61b7f3504e1e6aa25de735c260
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7fd15e79d5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/cf5f655d1033c02c438172768fa296f0d58afd61b7f3504e1e6aa25de735c260
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("go test fuzz v1\n[]byte(\"00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW0WWWWWWWWW0WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWdWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW0WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW0WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW0W0WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW0WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW0WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW0WW0WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW0WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW0WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW0WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW0WWWWWW0WWWWWWWWW0WWW0WWWWWWW0WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW0WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW0WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW0WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW0WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW0WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW0WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW0WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW0WWWWWWWWWW0WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW\\xa0WWWWWWWW0WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW0WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW0WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW0WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW\\xa0WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW0WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW0WWWWWWW0WWWWWWWW0WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW0WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW0WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW0WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW0WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW0WWWWW0WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW0WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW0WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW0WW00WW0WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW0WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW0WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW0WWW0WWWWWWWWWWW0WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW\\xa0WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW0WWWWWWWWWWWWWWW0WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW0WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW0WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW0WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW0WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW0WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW0WWWWW0WWWWWWW0WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW0WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW0WWWWWWWWWWW0WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW0WWWWW0WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW00WWWW0WWW0WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW0WWWWWWWWWW0WWWWWWWWWWWWW0WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW\\xa3WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW0WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW0WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW0WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW0WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW0WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW0WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW0WWWWWWWW0WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW0WWW0WWWWWWWWW0WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW0WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW0WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW0WWW0WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW0WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW0WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW0W0WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW0WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\\xe50000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\\xba000000000000000000000000000000000000\\xf3\\xf3\\xf3\\xf3\\xf3\\xf30000000000000000000000000000000000000\")\n")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/cf73880fc5b4f59c9ecb164f42d67d33b41f5db9dff09268e786287a47c9949c b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/cf73880fc5b4f59c9ecb164f42d67d33b41f5db9dff09268e786287a47c9949c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e7297bcf5c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/cf73880fc5b4f59c9ecb164f42d67d33b41f5db9dff09268e786287a47c9949c
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("go test fuzz v1\n[]byte(\"00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000200000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000002000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\")\n")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/d35beb0221535458155c012553310cc0c93bffb0ef14faebebfe3a8c2ca6e35a b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/d35beb0221535458155c012553310cc0c93bffb0ef14faebebfe3a8c2ca6e35a
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0f60f200d8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/d35beb0221535458155c012553310cc0c93bffb0ef14faebebfe3a8c2ca6e35a
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("go test fuzz v1\n[]byte(\"000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000X0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\")\n")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/d49935174de567379e5c46589b415736f1d79656fa3f87ebd975fc03ff7c8f85 b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/d49935174de567379e5c46589b415736f1d79656fa3f87ebd975fc03ff7c8f85
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..12c5fa56d9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/d49935174de567379e5c46589b415736f1d79656fa3f87ebd975fc03ff7c8f85
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("go test fuzz v1\n[]byte(\"000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000080000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000!0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\")\n")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/d6297a8f059f6b6a43a492083b9e74755949eb9cf45f567b5741cb7b1cbfa623 b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/d6297a8f059f6b6a43a492083b9e74755949eb9cf45f567b5741cb7b1cbfa623
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..85a635cd4f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/d6297a8f059f6b6a43a492083b9e74755949eb9cf45f567b5741cb7b1cbfa623
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("go test fuzz v1\n[]byte(\"00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000X00000000000000000000000000000000000000100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000X00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000X00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\")\n")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/d6704d4b5867d2d020c68419518a8fb5b6e20f26cf27a60e30e84c000d4f4cd3 b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/d6704d4b5867d2d020c68419518a8fb5b6e20f26cf27a60e30e84c000d4f4cd3
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0572b6041c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/d6704d4b5867d2d020c68419518a8fb5b6e20f26cf27a60e30e84c000d4f4cd3
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("go test fuzz v1\n[]byte(\"000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000010000000x000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000100000000000x00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000x00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000010000000x000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\")\n")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/d6b63306ef64a077069ae1c13d1e469b6ac01f7dd5df7f93758c6ab36e3c4f75 b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/d6b63306ef64a077069ae1c13d1e469b6ac01f7dd5df7f93758c6ab36e3c4f75
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9122c2c137
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/d6b63306ef64a077069ae1c13d1e469b6ac01f7dd5df7f93758c6ab36e3c4f75
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("go test fuzz v1\n[]byte(\"00000x0000X0\")\n")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/d8c2efa3ffa71157935a8aa32951bf89b19fbb9ff424e34aba0d1a3b0750584d b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/d8c2efa3ffa71157935a8aa32951bf89b19fbb9ff424e34aba0d1a3b0750584d
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5eff5d17e2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/d8c2efa3ffa71157935a8aa32951bf89b19fbb9ff424e34aba0d1a3b0750584d
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("go test fuzz v1\n[]byte(\"00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000007000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000700000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000100000007000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\")\n")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/d8e25c58e5a52759e6bf2c1e01e722be3742f440cdf5d9fb2080806179e9a231 b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/d8e25c58e5a52759e6bf2c1e01e722be3742f440cdf5d9fb2080806179e9a231
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9aca96a3d3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/d8e25c58e5a52759e6bf2c1e01e722be3742f440cdf5d9fb2080806179e9a231
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("go test fuzz v1\n[]byte(\"001000000010000000010000000A0000000A0000000A0000000A0000000A000000100000000A0000000A0000000A0000000A000000010000000A0000000A0000000A0000000A0000000A0000000A0000000A0000000A00010000000A000000010000000A0000000A000000010000000A00000001000000tttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttYtttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttCCCttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttt\\x84tttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttt\\x7ftttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttt\\x87tttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttt0A000000100000001000010000000100000\")\n")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/d99fa5161e31d3623389aab4923f4d26437bbf1f323b94820da58592666aa8d5 b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/d99fa5161e31d3623389aab4923f4d26437bbf1f323b94820da58592666aa8d5
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0d4070b181
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/d99fa5161e31d3623389aab4923f4d26437bbf1f323b94820da58592666aa8d5
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("go test fuzz v1\n[]byte(\"0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000x000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000x00010000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000x00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\")\n")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/e1f1652aa028a58c7c2d8bfe8cd591b18a21c54a03006d55736e356ba6ad83f3 b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/e1f1652aa028a58c7c2d8bfe8cd591b18a21c54a03006d55736e356ba6ad83f3
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..32a6ba5ca4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/e1f1652aa028a58c7c2d8bfe8cd591b18a21c54a03006d55736e356ba6ad83f3
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("go test fuzz v1\n[]byte(\"0000000000A000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000A0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000A0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000A0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\")\n")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/e22cb15f9d9b47914f58ff306d317bf3a3e9aea38761f832a29928a4174b04fb b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/e22cb15f9d9b47914f58ff306d317bf3a3e9aea38761f832a29928a4174b04fb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d5a0047491
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/e22cb15f9d9b47914f58ff306d317bf3a3e9aea38761f832a29928a4174b04fb
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("go test fuzz v1\n[]byte(\"00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000200000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\")\n")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/e33b4e93ebd44efffd1f8f0cd859df29474ff8391a42b58b88a01f3e7f580bfa b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/e33b4e93ebd44efffd1f8f0cd859df29474ff8391a42b58b88a01f3e7f580bfa
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..852a36490c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/e33b4e93ebd44efffd1f8f0cd859df29474ff8391a42b58b88a01f3e7f580bfa
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("go test fuzz v1\n[]byte(\"0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\\a\\a\\aX000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\\a\\a\\aX00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\")\n")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/e4f42afb92131940f86577887b39ca083e2e10b5766c2c599270703d72f723ff b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/e4f42afb92131940f86577887b39ca083e2e10b5766c2c599270703d72f723ff
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..fc4ea9db0a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/e4f42afb92131940f86577887b39ca083e2e10b5766c2c599270703d72f723ff
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("go test fuzz v1\n[]byte(\"000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000X000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000X000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\")\n")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/e86df09cb21d03c5ad1cb340c46aaae575df4abb7d02466a6a921a915b421599 b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/e86df09cb21d03c5ad1cb340c46aaae575df4abb7d02466a6a921a915b421599
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..49ed538958
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/e86df09cb21d03c5ad1cb340c46aaae575df4abb7d02466a6a921a915b421599
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("go test fuzz v1\n[]byte(\"00x\\xb400x\\xb400x\\xb400x\\xb400x\\xb400x\\xb400x\\xb400x\\xb400x\\xb400x\\xb400x\\xb400x\\xb400x\\xb400x\\xb400x\\xb400x\\xb400x\\xb400x\\xb400x\\xb400x\\xb400x\\xb400x\\xb400x\\xb400x\\xb400x\\xb400x\\xb400x\\xb400x\\xb400x\\xb400x\\xb400x\\xb400x\\xb400x\\xb400x\\xb400x\\xb400x\\xb400x\\xb400x\\xb400x\\xb400x\\xb400x\\xb400x\\xb400x\\xb400x\\xb400x\\xb400x\\xb400x\\xb400x\\xb400x\\xb400x\\xb400x\\xb400x\\xb400x\\xb400x\\xb400x\\xb400x\\xb400x\\xb400x\\xb400x\\xb400x\\xb400x\\xb400x\\xb400x\\xb400\\xb4\\xb40000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\")\n")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/e965fc72c9ec9d083887a1d2c4187ea8b6e0278f8a9a6adac3ccb4173575f8e4 b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/e965fc72c9ec9d083887a1d2c4187ea8b6e0278f8a9a6adac3ccb4173575f8e4
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0bf9461a8b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/e965fc72c9ec9d083887a1d2c4187ea8b6e0278f8a9a6adac3ccb4173575f8e4
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("go test fuzz v1\n[]byte(\"001000000010000000010000000A0000000A0000000A0000000A0000000A000000100000000A0000000A0000000A0000000A000000010000000A0000000A0000000A0000000A0000000A0000000A0000000A0000000A00010000000A000000010000000A0000000A000000010000000A000000010000000A000000100000001000010000000100000\")\n")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/ed9b3104368f52782b72601848530aed8e0589513d26236e02dc024c56be46e1 b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/ed9b3104368f52782b72601848530aed8e0589513d26236e02dc024c56be46e1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..63aac8fd92
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/ed9b3104368f52782b72601848530aed8e0589513d26236e02dc024c56be46e1
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("go test fuzz v1\n[]byte(\"0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000080000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000!000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\")\n")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/ef87af580bbefc86565d44aabfc707d20a2f009684732d10817b34fa7614a8e0 b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/ef87af580bbefc86565d44aabfc707d20a2f009684732d10817b34fa7614a8e0
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..097ca01b51
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/ef87af580bbefc86565d44aabfc707d20a2f009684732d10817b34fa7614a8e0
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("go test fuzz v1\n[]byte(\"00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000800000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\")\n")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/efa399b1e45f3fa417559f49f9735ed344c872efaf07b42be9391958d00ce2f8 b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/efa399b1e45f3fa417559f49f9735ed344c872efaf07b42be9391958d00ce2f8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f04ba0834b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/efa399b1e45f3fa417559f49f9735ed344c872efaf07b42be9391958d00ce2f8
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("go test fuzz v1\n[]byte(\"00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000080000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\")\n")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/f05c4d1716307be32abd1364eb895e8dd4fb4cb7f37894e469505ddeb901b544 b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/f05c4d1716307be32abd1364eb895e8dd4fb4cb7f37894e469505ddeb901b544
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7676845f18
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/f05c4d1716307be32abd1364eb895e8dd4fb4cb7f37894e469505ddeb901b544
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("go test fuzz v1\n[]byte(\"00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000700000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000070000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000010000000700000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\")\n")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/f0de2cee4a42bca7821d2ac658e5a7b4e743037fa1d4ad1ed96c03cc3fc1451e b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/f0de2cee4a42bca7821d2ac658e5a7b4e743037fa1d4ad1ed96c03cc3fc1451e
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..24d7b8fbab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/f0de2cee4a42bca7821d2ac658e5a7b4e743037fa1d4ad1ed96c03cc3fc1451e
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("go test fuzz v1\n[]byte(\"0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\\xcd0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000a000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000a000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000A000X0000000x0000000A000000010000000A0000000A0000000B0000000A0000000A0000000A00000001000A0000000A0000000A000000010000000A0000000A0000000X0000000A0000000A00070000000A0000000A0000000A0000000A0000000A0000000A0000000A000X0000000A0000000A0000000A0000000A0000000A0000000A0000000A00000001000000010000000A000X0000000A0000000A0000000A0000000A0000000A0000000A00070000000A0000000A0000000A0000000A0000000A020001000000\")\n")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/f0e5e2a18ed68d2b1baf18298300423cc4554baa0158165d563a2562c2cea33f b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/f0e5e2a18ed68d2b1baf18298300423cc4554baa0158165d563a2562c2cea33f
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..83fa4c7de5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/f0e5e2a18ed68d2b1baf18298300423cc4554baa0158165d563a2562c2cea33f
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("go test fuzz v1\n[]byte(\"0001000000010000000100000001000000010000000A0000000A000000010000000A0000000A0000000A0000000A0000000A0000\")\n")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/f1da3e9bc3f5e18d6930229d5a745cba5d2a1ab44a4bf4bc74a8ae02140d6e4b b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/f1da3e9bc3f5e18d6930229d5a745cba5d2a1ab44a4bf4bc74a8ae02140d6e4b
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e409c1ca94
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/f1da3e9bc3f5e18d6930229d5a745cba5d2a1ab44a4bf4bc74a8ae02140d6e4b
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("go test fuzz v1\n[]byte(\"\\x01\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\\x00\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a\\a00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\")\n")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/f379585b669fc50bdc8d8e838d73cecfcce5fa819b027689982fbdc009a09913 b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/f379585b669fc50bdc8d8e838d73cecfcce5fa819b027689982fbdc009a09913
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..01c71cb405
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/f379585b669fc50bdc8d8e838d73cecfcce5fa819b027689982fbdc009a09913
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("go test fuzz v1\n[]byte(\"00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\\xc2000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\\xc20000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\")\n")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/f3e293f66e91d9eb40f6cf9c60fda084b2eb31481a9b975df1bf76bf7c70116c b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/f3e293f66e91d9eb40f6cf9c60fda084b2eb31481a9b975df1bf76bf7c70116c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b511b30994
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/f3e293f66e91d9eb40f6cf9c60fda084b2eb31481a9b975df1bf76bf7c70116c
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("go test fuzz v1\n[]byte(\"0000000000000\\xff0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\\xbe000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\\xda00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\\xfe000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\")\n")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/f6b97f0e28a6dde97f64dc5665e4728742a885950752a1c82ae8167653cf3537 b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/f6b97f0e28a6dde97f64dc5665e4728742a885950752a1c82ae8167653cf3537
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..19353e5103
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/f6b97f0e28a6dde97f64dc5665e4728742a885950752a1c82ae8167653cf3537
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("go test fuzz v1\n[]byte(\"0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\\xff000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\")\n")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/f80b9c343c891089fc8a29ed3f9fc738709ee24f60a137dbf8f42de76f318963 b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/f80b9c343c891089fc8a29ed3f9fc738709ee24f60a137dbf8f42de76f318963
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1a4e5a6688
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/f80b9c343c891089fc8a29ed3f9fc738709ee24f60a137dbf8f42de76f318963
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("go test fuzz v1\n[]byte(\"0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\\xcd00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000a000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000010000000x0000000A000000010000000A0000000A0000000A0000000A0000000A0000000A00000001000A0000000A0000000A01000000000A0000000A0000000A0000000A0000000A00010000000A0000000A0000000A0000000A0000000A0000000A0000000A00010000000A0000000A0000000A0000000A0000000A0000000A0000000A00000001000000010000000A00010000000A0000000A0000000A0000000A0000000A0000000A00010000000A0000000A0000000A0000000A0000000A020001000000\")\n")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/f82d61948e338dd5eb07c070fe852dcb9c7493e5e9f8b2324f8734f3853f31c3 b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/f82d61948e338dd5eb07c070fe852dcb9c7493e5e9f8b2324f8734f3853f31c3
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..af2d65a8bc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/f82d61948e338dd5eb07c070fe852dcb9c7493e5e9f8b2324f8734f3853f31c3
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("go test fuzz v1\n[]byte(\"0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000x000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\")\n")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/f888c0d0df78f3ddc26d7c08500a6d55e8156fe03008c50e1e40443a63021754 b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/f888c0d0df78f3ddc26d7c08500a6d55e8156fe03008c50e1e40443a63021754
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5c893b0caf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/f888c0d0df78f3ddc26d7c08500a6d55e8156fe03008c50e1e40443a63021754
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("go test fuzz v1\n[]byte(\"00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000070000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000007000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\")\n")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/fa84d96e88dd025460f533d2ce737196a6b61282f34b860d2feeb00f6ddab471 b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/fa84d96e88dd025460f533d2ce737196a6b61282f34b860d2feeb00f6ddab471
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e334a12d45
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/fa84d96e88dd025460f533d2ce737196a6b61282f34b860d2feeb00f6ddab471
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("go test fuzz v1\n[]byte(\"000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000A0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\")\n")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/fbce49af78659e5ad8531a14e37643c390111e00de90871ae34bb0f1b66c6144 b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/fbce49af78659e5ad8531a14e37643c390111e00de90871ae34bb0f1b66c6144
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..09573e6464
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/fbce49af78659e5ad8531a14e37643c390111e00de90871ae34bb0f1b66c6144
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("go test fuzz v1\n[]byte(\"00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000002000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\")\n")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/fe85970e074824301421b145c2f4661914f25b3d08f87f73288a03968bbad09e b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/fe85970e074824301421b145c2f4661914f25b3d08f87f73288a03968bbad09e
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b1a21f2c03
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/backend/ioutils/testdata/fuzz/FuzzIntcomp32/fe85970e074824301421b145c2f4661914f25b3d08f87f73288a03968bbad09e
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+[]byte("go test fuzz v1\n[]byte(\"0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000010000000x000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000100000000000x00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000x00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000010000000x000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000x000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\")\n")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/generator/backend/main.go b/internal/generator/backend/main.go
index dcc292f0e7..999ce79dde 100644
--- a/internal/generator/backend/main.go
+++ b/internal/generator/backend/main.go
@@ -119,6 +119,7 @@ func main() {
 			// constraint systems
 			entries := []bavard.Entry{
 				{File: filepath.Join(csDir, "system.go"), Templates: []string{"system.go.tmpl", importCurve}},
+				{File: filepath.Join(csDir, "marshal.go"), Templates: []string{"marshal.go.tmpl", importCurve}},
 				{File: filepath.Join(csDir, "coeff.go"), Templates: []string{"coeff.go.tmpl", importCurve}},
 				{File: filepath.Join(csDir, "solver.go"), Templates: []string{"solver.go.tmpl", importCurve}},
 			}
diff --git a/internal/generator/backend/template/representations/coeff.go.tmpl b/internal/generator/backend/template/representations/coeff.go.tmpl
index 3ba357d1e6..02e4eeab78 100644
--- a/internal/generator/backend/template/representations/coeff.go.tmpl
+++ b/internal/generator/backend/template/representations/coeff.go.tmpl
@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@ import (
 	"github.com/consensys/gnark/constraint"
 	"github.com/consensys/gnark/internal/utils"
 	"math/big"
+	"encoding/binary"
+	"errors"
 	{{ template "import_fr" . }}
 )
 
@@ -27,6 +29,42 @@ func newCoeffTable(capacity int) CoeffTable {
 
 }
 
+func (ct *CoeffTable) toBytes() []byte {
+	buf := make([]byte, 0, 8 + len(ct.Coefficients)*fr.Bytes)
+	ctLen := uint64(len(ct.Coefficients))
+
+	buf = binary.LittleEndian.AppendUint64(buf, ctLen)
+	for _, c := range ct.Coefficients {
+		for _, w := range c {
+			buf = binary.LittleEndian.AppendUint64(buf, w)
+		}
+	}
+
+	return buf
+}
+
+func (ct *CoeffTable) fromBytes(buf []byte) error {
+	if len(buf) < 8 {
+		return errors.New("invalid buffer size")
+	}
+	ctLen := binary.LittleEndian.Uint64(buf[:8])
+	buf = buf[8:]
+
+	if uint64(len(buf)) < ctLen*fr.Bytes {
+		return errors.New("invalid buffer size")
+	}
+	ct.Coefficients = make([]fr.Element, ctLen)
+	for i := uint64(0); i < ctLen; i++ {
+		var c fr.Element
+		k := int(i) * fr.Bytes
+		for j := 0; j < fr.Limbs; j++ {
+			c[j] = binary.LittleEndian.Uint64(buf[k + j * 8 : k + (j+1)*8])
+		}
+		ct.Coefficients[i] = c
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
 func (ct *CoeffTable) AddCoeff(coeff constraint.Element) uint32 {
 	c := (*fr.Element)(coeff[:])
 	var cID uint32
diff --git a/internal/generator/backend/template/representations/marshal.go.tmpl b/internal/generator/backend/template/representations/marshal.go.tmpl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..95456fc9cd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/generator/backend/template/representations/marshal.go.tmpl
@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+import (
+	"io"
+	"encoding/binary"
+	"fmt"
+
+	"github.com/blang/semver/v4"
+)
+
+// WriteTo encodes R1CS into provided io.Writer using cbor
+func (cs *system) WriteTo(w io.Writer) (int64, error) {
+	b, err := cs.System.ToBytes()
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+
+	c := cs.CoeffTable.toBytes()
+
+	totalLen := uint64(len(b) + len(c))
+	gnarkVersion := semver.MustParse(cs.GnarkVersion)
+	// write totalLen, gnarkVersion.Major, gnarkVersion.Minor, gnarkVersion.Patch using
+	// binary.LittleEndian
+	if err := binary.Write(w, binary.LittleEndian, totalLen); err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+	if err := binary.Write(w, binary.LittleEndian, gnarkVersion.Major); err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+	if err := binary.Write(w, binary.LittleEndian, gnarkVersion.Minor); err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+	if err := binary.Write(w, binary.LittleEndian, gnarkVersion.Patch); err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+
+	// write the system
+	n, err := w.Write(b)
+	if err != nil {
+		return int64(n), err
+	}
+
+	// write the coeff table
+	m, err := w.Write(c)
+	return int64(n+m) + 4*8, err
+}
+
+// ReadFrom attempts to decode R1CS from io.Reader using cbor
+func (cs *system) ReadFrom(r io.Reader) (int64, error) {
+	var totalLen uint64
+	if err := binary.Read(r, binary.LittleEndian, &totalLen); err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+
+	var major, minor, patch uint64
+	if err := binary.Read(r, binary.LittleEndian, &major); err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+	if err := binary.Read(r, binary.LittleEndian, &minor); err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+	if err := binary.Read(r, binary.LittleEndian, &patch); err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+	// TODO @gbotrel validate version, duplicate logic with core.go CheckSerializationHeader
+	if major != 0 || minor < 10 {
+		return 0, fmt.Errorf("unsupported gnark version %d.%d.%d", major, minor, patch)
+	}
+
+	data := make([]byte, totalLen)
+	if _, err := io.ReadFull(r, data); err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+	n, err := cs.System.FromBytes(data)
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+	data = data[n:]
+
+	if err := cs.CoeffTable.fromBytes(data); err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+
+	return int64(totalLen) + 4*8, nil
+}
diff --git a/internal/generator/backend/template/representations/solver.go.tmpl b/internal/generator/backend/template/representations/solver.go.tmpl
index d993ccdc44..96ef4d3a2c 100644
--- a/internal/generator/backend/template/representations/solver.go.tmpl
+++ b/internal/generator/backend/template/representations/solver.go.tmpl
@@ -435,7 +435,7 @@ func (solver *solver) run() error {
 	// then we check that the constraint is valid
 	// if a[i] * b[i] != c[i]; it means the constraint is not satisfied
 	var wg sync.WaitGroup 
-	chTasks := make(chan []int, solver.nbTasks)
+	chTasks := make(chan []uint32, solver.nbTasks)
 	chError := make(chan error, solver.nbTasks)
 
 	// start a worker pool
diff --git a/internal/generator/backend/template/representations/system.go.tmpl b/internal/generator/backend/template/representations/system.go.tmpl
index cb3715fac1..1c6276020e 100644
--- a/internal/generator/backend/template/representations/system.go.tmpl
+++ b/internal/generator/backend/template/representations/system.go.tmpl
@@ -1,14 +1,11 @@
 import (
 	"io"
 	"time"
-	"github.com/fxamacker/cbor/v2"
-
-	"github.com/consensys/gnark/internal/backend/ioutils"
+	
 	csolver "github.com/consensys/gnark/constraint/solver"
 	"github.com/consensys/gnark/constraint"
 	"github.com/consensys/gnark/logger"
 	"github.com/consensys/gnark/backend/witness"
-	"reflect"
 
 	"github.com/consensys/gnark-crypto/ecc"
 
@@ -134,56 +131,6 @@ func (cs *system) CurveID() ecc.ID {
 	return ecc.{{.CurveID}}
 }
 
-// WriteTo encodes R1CS into provided io.Writer using cbor
-func (cs *system) WriteTo(w io.Writer) (int64, error) {
-	_w := ioutils.WriterCounter{W: w} // wraps writer to count the bytes written
-	ts := getTagSet()
-	enc, err := cbor.CoreDetEncOptions().EncModeWithTags(ts)
-	if err != nil {
-		return 0, err
-	}
-	encoder := enc.NewEncoder(&_w)
-	
-	// encode our object
-	err = encoder.Encode(cs)
-	return _w.N, err
-}
-
-// ReadFrom attempts to decode R1CS from io.Reader using cbor
-func (cs *system) ReadFrom(r io.Reader) (int64, error) {
-	ts := getTagSet()
-	dm, err := cbor.DecOptions{
-		MaxArrayElements: 2147483647,
-		MaxMapPairs:      2147483647,
-	}.DecModeWithTags(ts)
-
-	if err != nil {
-		return 0, err
-	}
-	decoder := dm.NewDecoder(r)
-
-	// initialize coeff table
-	cs.CoeffTable = newCoeffTable(0)
-
-	if err := decoder.Decode(&cs); err != nil {
-		return int64(decoder.NumBytesRead()), err
-	}
-
-
-	if err := cs.CheckSerializationHeader(); err != nil {
-		return int64(decoder.NumBytesRead()), err
-	}
-
-	switch v := cs.CommitmentInfo.(type) {
-	case *constraint.Groth16Commitments:
-		cs.CommitmentInfo = *v
-	case *constraint.PlonkCommitments:
-		cs.CommitmentInfo = *v
-	}
-
-	return int64(decoder.NumBytesRead()), nil
-}
-
 func (cs *system) GetCoefficient(i int) (r constraint.Element) {
 	copy(r[:], cs.Coefficients[i][:])
 	return
@@ -347,36 +294,6 @@ func (t *SparseR1CSSolution) ReadFrom(r io.Reader) (int64, error) {
 }
 
 
-func getTagSet() cbor.TagSet {
-	// temporary for refactor 
-	ts := cbor.NewTagSet()
-	// https://www.iana.org/assignments/cbor-tags/cbor-tags.xhtml
-	// 65536-15309735 Unassigned
-	tagNum := uint64(5309735)
-	addType := func(t reflect.Type) {
-		if err := ts.Add(
-			cbor.TagOptions{EncTag: cbor.EncTagRequired, DecTag: cbor.DecTagRequired},
-			t,
-			tagNum,
-		); err != nil {
-			panic(err)
-		}
-		tagNum++
-	}
-
-	addType(reflect.TypeOf(constraint.BlueprintGenericHint{}))
-	addType(reflect.TypeOf(constraint.BlueprintGenericR1C{}))
-	addType(reflect.TypeOf(constraint.BlueprintGenericSparseR1C{}))
-	addType(reflect.TypeOf(constraint.BlueprintSparseR1CAdd{}))
-	addType(reflect.TypeOf(constraint.BlueprintSparseR1CMul{}))
-	addType(reflect.TypeOf(constraint.BlueprintSparseR1CBool{}))
-	addType(reflect.TypeOf(constraint.BlueprintLookupHint{}))
-	addType(reflect.TypeOf(constraint.Groth16Commitments{}))
-	addType(reflect.TypeOf(constraint.PlonkCommitments{}))
-
-	return ts 
-}
-
 func (s *system) AddGkr(gkr constraint.GkrInfo) error {
 	return s.System.AddGkr(gkr)
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/generator/backend/template/zkpschemes/groth16/groth16.marshal.go.tmpl b/internal/generator/backend/template/zkpschemes/groth16/groth16.marshal.go.tmpl
index bb22840950..4199f6cf47 100644
--- a/internal/generator/backend/template/zkpschemes/groth16/groth16.marshal.go.tmpl
+++ b/internal/generator/backend/template/zkpschemes/groth16/groth16.marshal.go.tmpl
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import (
 	{{ template "import_curve" . }}
 	{{ template "import_pedersen" . }}
 	"github.com/consensys/gnark/internal/utils"
+	"github.com/consensys/gnark-crypto/utils/unsafe"
 	"io"
 )
 
@@ -361,3 +362,164 @@ func (pk *ProvingKey) readFrom(r io.Reader, decOptions ...func(*curve.Decoder))
 }
 
 
+// WriteDump behaves like WriteRawTo, excepts, the slices of points are "dumped" using gnark-crypto/utils/unsafe
+// Output is compatible with ReadDump, with the caveat that, not only the points are not checked for 
+// correctness, but the raw bytes are platform dependent (endianness, etc.)
+func (pk *ProvingKey) WriteDump(w io.Writer) error {
+	// it behaves like WriteRawTo, excepts, the slices of points are "dumped" using gnark-crypto/utils/unsafe
+
+	// start by writing an unsafe marker to fail early.
+	if err := unsafe.WriteMarker(w); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	
+	if _, err := pk.Domain.WriteTo(w); err != nil {
+		return err 
+	}
+
+	enc := curve.NewEncoder(w, curve.RawEncoding())
+	nbWires := uint64(len(pk.InfinityA))
+	
+	toEncode := []interface{}{
+		&pk.G1.Alpha,
+		&pk.G1.Beta,
+		&pk.G1.Delta,
+		// pk.G1.A,
+		// pk.G1.B,
+		// pk.G1.Z,
+		// pk.G1.K,
+		&pk.G2.Beta,
+		&pk.G2.Delta,
+		// pk.G2.B,
+		nbWires,
+		pk.NbInfinityA,
+		pk.NbInfinityB,
+		pk.InfinityA,
+		pk.InfinityB,
+		uint32(len(pk.CommitmentKeys)),
+	}
+
+	for _, v := range toEncode {
+		if err := enc.Encode(v); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+
+	// dump slices of points
+	if err := unsafe.WriteSlice(w, pk.G1.A); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if err := unsafe.WriteSlice(w, pk.G1.B); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if err := unsafe.WriteSlice(w, pk.G1.Z); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if err := unsafe.WriteSlice(w, pk.G1.K); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if err := unsafe.WriteSlice(w, pk.G2.B); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	for i := range pk.CommitmentKeys {
+		if err := unsafe.WriteSlice(w, pk.CommitmentKeys[i].Basis); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		if err := unsafe.WriteSlice(w, pk.CommitmentKeys[i].BasisExpSigma); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}	
+
+	return  nil
+}
+
+// ReadDump reads a ProvingKey from a dump written by WriteDump.
+// This is platform dependent and very unsafe (no checks, no endianness translation, etc.)
+func (pk *ProvingKey) ReadDump(r io.Reader) error {
+	// read the marker to fail early in case of malformed input
+	if err := unsafe.ReadMarker(r); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	if _, err := pk.Domain.ReadFrom(r); err != nil {
+		return err 
+	}
+
+	dec := curve.NewDecoder(r, curve.NoSubgroupChecks())
+
+	var nbWires uint64 
+	var nbCommitments uint32
+
+	toDecode := []interface{}{
+		&pk.G1.Alpha,
+		&pk.G1.Beta,
+		&pk.G1.Delta,
+		// &pk.G1.A,
+		// &pk.G1.B,
+		// &pk.G1.Z,
+		// &pk.G1.K,
+		&pk.G2.Beta,
+		&pk.G2.Delta,
+		// &pk.G2.B,
+		&nbWires, 
+		&pk.NbInfinityA,
+		&pk.NbInfinityB,
+	}
+
+	for _, v := range toDecode {
+		if err := dec.Decode(v); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+	pk.InfinityA = make([]bool, nbWires)
+	pk.InfinityB = make([]bool, nbWires)
+
+	if err := dec.Decode(&pk.InfinityA); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if err := dec.Decode(&pk.InfinityB); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if err := dec.Decode(&nbCommitments); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	// read slices of points
+	var err error
+	pk.G1.A, _, err = unsafe.ReadSlice[[]curve.G1Affine](r)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	pk.G1.B, _, err = unsafe.ReadSlice[[]curve.G1Affine](r)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	pk.G1.Z, _, err = unsafe.ReadSlice[[]curve.G1Affine](r)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	pk.G1.K, _, err = unsafe.ReadSlice[[]curve.G1Affine](r)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	pk.G2.B, _, err = unsafe.ReadSlice[[]curve.G2Affine](r)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	pk.CommitmentKeys = make([]pedersen.ProvingKey, nbCommitments)
+	for i := range pk.CommitmentKeys {
+		pk.CommitmentKeys[i].Basis, _, err = unsafe.ReadSlice[[]curve.G1Affine](r)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		pk.CommitmentKeys[i].BasisExpSigma, _, err = unsafe.ReadSlice[[]curve.G1Affine](r)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+
+	return nil
+
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/generator/backend/template/zkpschemes/groth16/tests/groth16.marshal.go.tmpl b/internal/generator/backend/template/zkpschemes/groth16/tests/groth16.marshal.go.tmpl
index 5fb72b55c4..a5bc1d73ea 100644
--- a/internal/generator/backend/template/zkpschemes/groth16/tests/groth16.marshal.go.tmpl
+++ b/internal/generator/backend/template/zkpschemes/groth16/tests/groth16.marshal.go.tmpl
@@ -173,9 +173,16 @@ func TestProvingKeySerialization(t *testing.T) {
 				require.NoError(t, err)
 			}
 
-			err := io.RoundTripCheck(&pk, func() any {return new(ProvingKey)})
-			return err == nil 
+			if err := io.RoundTripCheck(&pk, func() any {return new(ProvingKey)}); err != nil {
+				t.Log(err)
+				return false
+			}
 
+			if err := io.DumpRoundTripCheck(&pk, func() any {return new(ProvingKey)}); err != nil {
+				t.Log(err)
+				return false
+			}
+			return true
 		},
 		GenG1(),
 		GenG2(),
diff --git a/internal/regression_tests/issue1045/testdata/issue1045.r1cs b/internal/regression_tests/issue1045/testdata/issue1045.r1cs
index e45b2ec162..e9d2ca03b6 100644
Binary files a/internal/regression_tests/issue1045/testdata/issue1045.r1cs and b/internal/regression_tests/issue1045/testdata/issue1045.r1cs differ
diff --git a/internal/regression_tests/issue1045/testdata/issue1045.scs b/internal/regression_tests/issue1045/testdata/issue1045.scs
index 42580b419f..f244076769 100644
Binary files a/internal/regression_tests/issue1045/testdata/issue1045.scs and b/internal/regression_tests/issue1045/testdata/issue1045.scs differ
diff --git a/internal/stats/latest.stats b/internal/stats/latest.stats
index d961ee475d..ca6fe17b4f 100644
Binary files a/internal/stats/latest.stats and b/internal/stats/latest.stats differ
diff --git a/io/io.go b/io/io.go
index 268e0f84ba..3d6847f35e 100644
--- a/io/io.go
+++ b/io/io.go
@@ -39,3 +39,11 @@ type WriterRawTo interface {
 type UnsafeReaderFrom interface {
 	UnsafeReadFrom(r io.Reader) (int64, error)
 }
+
+// BinaryDumper is the interface that wraps the WriteDump and ReadDump methods.
+// WriteDump writes the object to w, ReadDump reads the object from r.
+// The object is serialized in binary format, in a very fast, very unsafe way.
+type BinaryDumper interface {
+	WriteDump(w io.Writer) error
+	ReadDump(r io.Reader) error
+}
diff --git a/io/roundtrip.go b/io/roundtrip.go
index 92bb038cfc..ecac78afaf 100644
--- a/io/roundtrip.go
+++ b/io/roundtrip.go
@@ -73,3 +73,20 @@ func RoundTripCheck(from any, to func() any) error {
 
 	return nil
 }
+
+func DumpRoundTripCheck(from any, to func() any) error {
+	var buf bytes.Buffer
+
+	if err := from.(BinaryDumper).WriteDump(&buf); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	r := to().(BinaryDumper)
+	if err := r.ReadDump(bytes.NewReader(buf.Bytes())); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if !reflect.DeepEqual(from, r) {
+		return errors.New("reconstructed object don't match original (ReadDump)")
+	}
+	return nil
+}
diff --git a/profile/profile_worker.go b/profile/profile_worker.go
index 97817fe898..62b4a453fb 100644
--- a/profile/profile_worker.go
+++ b/profile/profile_worker.go
@@ -71,6 +71,8 @@ func collectSample(pc []uintptr) {
 
 		if strings.HasSuffix(frame.Function, ".func1") {
 			// TODO @gbotrel filter anonymous func better
+			//
+			// ivokub: relevant comment - if we have many anonymous functions in package, then the name of the anonymous function has different suffices.
 			continue
 		}
 
diff --git a/std/algebra/emulated/fields_bls12381/e12.go b/std/algebra/emulated/fields_bls12381/e12.go
index d452c4f0cb..84728728c2 100644
--- a/std/algebra/emulated/fields_bls12381/e12.go
+++ b/std/algebra/emulated/fields_bls12381/e12.go
@@ -49,8 +49,8 @@ func (e Ext12) Mul(x, y *E12) *E12 {
 	a = e.Ext6.Mul(a, b)
 	b = e.Ext6.Mul(&x.C0, &y.C0)
 	c := e.Ext6.Mul(&x.C1, &y.C1)
-	z1 := e.Ext6.Sub(a, b)
-	z1 = e.Ext6.Sub(z1, c)
+	d := e.Ext6.Add(c, b)
+	z1 := e.Ext6.Sub(a, d)
 	z0 := e.Ext6.MulByNonResidue(c)
 	z0 = e.Ext6.Add(z0, b)
 	return &E12{
@@ -101,8 +101,7 @@ func (e Ext12) IsZero(z *E12) frontend.Variable {
 func (e Ext12) Square(x *E12) *E12 {
 	c0 := e.Ext6.Sub(&x.C0, &x.C1)
 	c3 := e.Ext6.MulByNonResidue(&x.C1)
-	c3 = e.Ext6.Neg(c3)
-	c3 = e.Ext6.Add(&x.C0, c3)
+	c3 = e.Ext6.Sub(&x.C0, c3)
 	c2 := e.Ext6.Mul(&x.C0, &x.C1)
 	c0 = e.Ext6.Mul(c0, c3)
 	c0 = e.Ext6.Add(c0, c2)
diff --git a/std/algebra/emulated/fields_bls12381/e12_pairing.go b/std/algebra/emulated/fields_bls12381/e12_pairing.go
index 69b0e9e37b..4cd3dc5613 100644
--- a/std/algebra/emulated/fields_bls12381/e12_pairing.go
+++ b/std/algebra/emulated/fields_bls12381/e12_pairing.go
@@ -93,8 +93,8 @@ func (e *Ext12) MulBy014(z *E12, c0, c1 *E2) *E12 {
 
 	zC1 := e.Ext6.Add(&z.C1, &z.C0)
 	zC1 = e.Ext6.MulBy01(zC1, c0, d)
-	zC1 = e.Ext6.Sub(zC1, a)
-	zC1 = e.Ext6.Sub(zC1, &b)
+	tmp := e.Ext6.Add(&b, a)
+	zC1 = e.Ext6.Sub(zC1, tmp)
 	zC0 := e.Ext6.MulByNonResidue(&b)
 	zC0 = e.Ext6.Add(zC0, a)
 
@@ -124,8 +124,8 @@ func (e Ext12) Mul014By014(d0, d1, c0, c1 *E2) [5]*E2 {
 	tmp := e.Ext2.Add(c0, c1)
 	x01 := e.Ext2.Add(d0, d1)
 	x01 = e.Ext2.Mul(x01, tmp)
-	x01 = e.Ext2.Sub(x01, x0)
-	x01 = e.Ext2.Sub(x01, x1)
+	tmp = e.Ext2.Add(x1, x0)
+	x01 = e.Ext2.Sub(x01, tmp)
 	x14 := e.Ext2.Add(c1, d1)
 
 	zC0B0 := e.Ext2.NonResidue()
@@ -148,8 +148,8 @@ func (e *Ext12) MulBy01245(z *E12, x [5]*E2) *E12 {
 	a = e.Ext6.Mul(a, b)
 	b = e.Ext6.Mul(&z.C0, c0)
 	c := e.Ext6.MulBy12(&z.C1, x[3], x[4])
-	z1 := e.Ext6.Sub(a, b)
-	z1 = e.Ext6.Sub(z1, c)
+	d := e.Ext6.Add(c, b)
+	z1 := e.Ext6.Sub(a, d)
 	z0 := e.Ext6.MulByNonResidue(c)
 	z0 = e.Ext6.Add(z0, b)
 	return &E12{
diff --git a/std/algebra/emulated/fields_bls12381/e2.go b/std/algebra/emulated/fields_bls12381/e2.go
index e36178b215..30b5ebda49 100644
--- a/std/algebra/emulated/fields_bls12381/e2.go
+++ b/std/algebra/emulated/fields_bls12381/e2.go
@@ -59,8 +59,8 @@ func NewExt2(api frontend.API) *Ext2 {
 }
 
 func (e Ext2) MulByElement(x *E2, y *baseEl) *E2 {
-	z0 := e.fp.MulMod(&x.A0, y)
-	z1 := e.fp.MulMod(&x.A1, y)
+	z0 := e.fp.Mul(&x.A0, y)
+	z1 := e.fp.Mul(&x.A1, y)
 	return &E2{
 		A0: *z0,
 		A1: *z1,
@@ -110,9 +110,9 @@ func (e Ext2) MulByNonResidue1Power1(x *E2) *E2 {
 // MulByNonResidue1Power2 returns x*(1+u)^(2*(p^1-1)/6)
 func (e Ext2) MulByNonResidue1Power2(x *E2) *E2 {
 	element := emulated.ValueOf[emulated.BLS12381Fp]("4002409555221667392624310435006688643935503118305586438271171395842971157480381377015405980053539358417135540939436")
-	a := e.fp.MulMod(&x.A1, &element)
+	a := e.fp.Mul(&x.A1, &element)
 	a = e.fp.Neg(a)
-	b := e.fp.MulMod(&x.A0, &element)
+	b := e.fp.Mul(&x.A0, &element)
 	return &E2{
 		A0: *a,
 		A1: *b,
@@ -128,8 +128,8 @@ func (e Ext2) MulByNonResidue1Power3(x *E2) *E2 {
 func (e Ext2) MulByNonResidue1Power4(x *E2) *E2 {
 	element := emulated.ValueOf[emulated.BLS12381Fp]("4002409555221667392624310435006688643935503118305586438271171395842971157480381377015405980053539358417135540939437")
 	return &E2{
-		A0: *e.fp.MulMod(&x.A0, &element),
-		A1: *e.fp.MulMod(&x.A1, &element),
+		A0: *e.fp.Mul(&x.A0, &element),
+		A1: *e.fp.Mul(&x.A1, &element),
 	}
 }
 
@@ -142,8 +142,8 @@ func (e Ext2) MulByNonResidue1Power5(x *E2) *E2 {
 func (e Ext2) MulByNonResidue2Power1(x *E2) *E2 {
 	element := emulated.ValueOf[emulated.BLS12381Fp]("793479390729215512621379701633421447060886740281060493010456487427281649075476305620758731620351")
 	return &E2{
-		A0: *e.fp.MulMod(&x.A0, &element),
-		A1: *e.fp.MulMod(&x.A1, &element),
+		A0: *e.fp.Mul(&x.A0, &element),
+		A1: *e.fp.Mul(&x.A1, &element),
 	}
 }
 
@@ -151,8 +151,8 @@ func (e Ext2) MulByNonResidue2Power1(x *E2) *E2 {
 func (e Ext2) MulByNonResidue2Power2(x *E2) *E2 {
 	element := emulated.ValueOf[emulated.BLS12381Fp]("793479390729215512621379701633421447060886740281060493010456487427281649075476305620758731620350")
 	return &E2{
-		A0: *e.fp.MulMod(&x.A0, &element),
-		A1: *e.fp.MulMod(&x.A1, &element),
+		A0: *e.fp.Mul(&x.A0, &element),
+		A1: *e.fp.Mul(&x.A1, &element),
 	}
 }
 
@@ -160,8 +160,8 @@ func (e Ext2) MulByNonResidue2Power2(x *E2) *E2 {
 func (e Ext2) MulByNonResidue2Power3(x *E2) *E2 {
 	element := emulated.ValueOf[emulated.BLS12381Fp]("4002409555221667393417789825735904156556882819939007885332058136124031650490837864442687629129015664037894272559786")
 	return &E2{
-		A0: *e.fp.MulMod(&x.A0, &element),
-		A1: *e.fp.MulMod(&x.A1, &element),
+		A0: *e.fp.Mul(&x.A0, &element),
+		A1: *e.fp.Mul(&x.A1, &element),
 	}
 }
 
@@ -169,8 +169,8 @@ func (e Ext2) MulByNonResidue2Power3(x *E2) *E2 {
 func (e Ext2) MulByNonResidue2Power4(x *E2) *E2 {
 	element := emulated.ValueOf[emulated.BLS12381Fp]("4002409555221667392624310435006688643935503118305586438271171395842971157480381377015405980053539358417135540939436")
 	return &E2{
-		A0: *e.fp.MulMod(&x.A0, &element),
-		A1: *e.fp.MulMod(&x.A1, &element),
+		A0: *e.fp.Mul(&x.A0, &element),
+		A1: *e.fp.Mul(&x.A1, &element),
 	}
 }
 
@@ -178,23 +178,26 @@ func (e Ext2) MulByNonResidue2Power4(x *E2) *E2 {
 func (e Ext2) MulByNonResidue2Power5(x *E2) *E2 {
 	element := emulated.ValueOf[emulated.BLS12381Fp]("4002409555221667392624310435006688643935503118305586438271171395842971157480381377015405980053539358417135540939437")
 	return &E2{
-		A0: *e.fp.MulMod(&x.A0, &element),
-		A1: *e.fp.MulMod(&x.A1, &element),
+		A0: *e.fp.Mul(&x.A0, &element),
+		A1: *e.fp.Mul(&x.A1, &element),
 	}
 }
 
 func (e Ext2) Mul(x, y *E2) *E2 {
-	a := e.fp.Add(&x.A0, &x.A1)
-	b := e.fp.Add(&y.A0, &y.A1)
-	a = e.fp.MulMod(a, b)
-	b = e.fp.MulMod(&x.A0, &y.A0)
-	c := e.fp.MulMod(&x.A1, &y.A1)
-	z1 := e.fp.Sub(a, b)
-	z1 = e.fp.Sub(z1, c)
-	z0 := e.fp.Sub(b, c)
+
+	v0 := e.fp.Mul(&x.A0, &y.A0)
+	v1 := e.fp.Mul(&x.A1, &y.A1)
+
+	b0 := e.fp.Sub(v0, v1)
+	b1 := e.fp.Add(&x.A0, &x.A1)
+	tmp := e.fp.Add(&y.A0, &y.A1)
+	b1 = e.fp.Mul(b1, tmp)
+	tmp = e.fp.Add(v0, v1)
+	b1 = e.fp.Sub(b1, tmp)
+
 	return &E2{
-		A0: *z0,
-		A1: *z1,
+		A0: *b0,
+		A1: *b1,
 	}
 }
 
@@ -242,6 +245,7 @@ func (e Ext2) Zero() *E2 {
 		A1: *z1,
 	}
 }
+
 func (e Ext2) IsZero(z *E2) frontend.Variable {
 	a0 := e.fp.IsZero(&z.A0)
 	a1 := e.fp.IsZero(&z.A1)
@@ -260,8 +264,8 @@ func (e Ext2) NonResidue() *E2 {
 func (e Ext2) Square(x *E2) *E2 {
 	a := e.fp.Add(&x.A0, &x.A1)
 	b := e.fp.Sub(&x.A0, &x.A1)
-	a = e.fp.MulMod(a, b)
-	b = e.fp.MulMod(&x.A0, &x.A1)
+	a = e.fp.Mul(a, b)
+	b = e.fp.Mul(&x.A0, &x.A1)
 	b = e.fp.MulConst(b, big.NewInt(2))
 	return &E2{
 		A0: *a,
diff --git a/std/algebra/emulated/fields_bls12381/e6.go b/std/algebra/emulated/fields_bls12381/e6.go
index 406c317c0a..22a3596324 100644
--- a/std/algebra/emulated/fields_bls12381/e6.go
+++ b/std/algebra/emulated/fields_bls12381/e6.go
@@ -1,8 +1,11 @@
 package fields_bls12381
 
 import (
+	"math/big"
+
 	bls12381 "github.com/consensys/gnark-crypto/ecc/bls12-381"
 	"github.com/consensys/gnark/frontend"
+	"github.com/consensys/gnark/internal/frontendtype"
 )
 
 type E6 struct {
@@ -79,29 +82,138 @@ func (e Ext6) Sub(x, y *E6) *E6 {
 	}
 }
 
+// Mul multiplies two E6 elmts
 func (e Ext6) Mul(x, y *E6) *E6 {
+	if ft, ok := e.api.(frontendtype.FrontendTyper); ok {
+		switch ft.FrontendType() {
+		case frontendtype.R1CS:
+			return e.mulToom3OverKaratsuba(x, y)
+		case frontendtype.SCS:
+			return e.mulKaratsubaOverKaratsuba(x, y)
+		}
+	}
+	return e.mulKaratsubaOverKaratsuba(x, y)
+}
+
+func (e Ext6) mulToom3OverKaratsuba(x, y *E6) *E6 {
+	// Toom-Cook-3x over Karatsuba:
+	// We start by computing five interpolation points – these are evaluations of
+	// the product x(u)y(u) with u ∈ {0, ±1, 2, ∞}:
+	//
+	// v0 = x(0)y(0) = x.A0 * y.A0
+	// v1 = x(1)y(1) = (x.A0 + x.A1 + x.A2)(y.A0 + y.A1 + y.A2)
+	// v2 = x(−1)y(−1) = (x.A0 − x.A1 + x.A2)(y.A0 − y.A1 + y.A2)
+	// v3 = x(2)y(2) = (x.A0 + 2x.A1 + 4x.A2)(y.A0 + 2y.A1 + 4y.A2)
+	// v4 = x(∞)y(∞) = x.A2 * y.A2
+
+	v0 := e.Ext2.Mul(&x.B0, &y.B0)
+
+	t1 := e.Ext2.Add(&x.B0, &x.B2)
+	t2 := e.Ext2.Add(&y.B0, &y.B2)
+	t3 := e.Ext2.Add(t2, &y.B1)
+	v1 := e.Ext2.Add(t1, &x.B1)
+	v1 = e.Ext2.Mul(v1, t3)
+
+	t3 = e.Ext2.Sub(t2, &y.B1)
+	v2 := e.Ext2.Sub(t1, &x.B1)
+	v2 = e.Ext2.Mul(v2, t3)
+
+	t1 = e.Ext2.MulByConstElement(&x.B1, big.NewInt(2))
+	t2 = e.Ext2.MulByConstElement(&x.B2, big.NewInt(4))
+	v3 := e.Ext2.Add(t1, t2)
+	v3 = e.Ext2.Add(v3, &x.B0)
+	t1 = e.Ext2.MulByConstElement(&y.B1, big.NewInt(2))
+	t2 = e.Ext2.MulByConstElement(&y.B2, big.NewInt(4))
+	t3 = e.Ext2.Add(t1, t2)
+	t3 = e.Ext2.Add(t3, &y.B0)
+	v3 = e.Ext2.Mul(v3, t3)
+
+	v4 := e.Ext2.Mul(&x.B2, &y.B2)
+
+	// Then the interpolation is performed as:
+	//
+	// a0 = v0 + β((1/2)v0 − (1/2)v1 − (1/6)v2 + (1/6)v3 − 2v4)
+	// a1 = −(1/2)v0 + v1 − (1/3)v2 − (1/6)v3 + 2v4 + βv4
+	// a2 = −v0 + (1/2)v1 + (1/2)v2 − v4
+	//
+	// where β is the cubic non-residue.
+	//
+	// In-circuit, we compute 6*x*y as
+	// c0 = 6v0 + β(3v0 − 3v1 − v2 + v3 − 12v4)
+	// a1 = -(3v0 + 2v2 + v3) + 6(v1 + 2v4 + βv4)
+	// a2 = 3(v1 + v2 - 2(v0 + v4))
+	//
+	// and then divide a0, a1 and a2 by 6 using a hint.
+
+	a0 := e.Ext2.MulByConstElement(v0, big.NewInt(6))
+	t1 = e.Ext2.Sub(v0, v1)
+	t1 = e.Ext2.MulByConstElement(t1, big.NewInt(3))
+	t1 = e.Ext2.Sub(t1, v2)
+	t1 = e.Ext2.Add(t1, v3)
+	t2 = e.Ext2.MulByConstElement(v4, big.NewInt(12))
+	t1 = e.Ext2.Sub(t1, t2)
+	t1 = e.Ext2.MulByNonResidue(t1)
+	a0 = e.Ext2.Add(a0, t1)
+
+	a1 := e.Ext2.MulByConstElement(v0, big.NewInt(3))
+	t1 = e.Ext2.MulByConstElement(v2, big.NewInt(2))
+	a1 = e.Ext2.Add(a1, t1)
+	a1 = e.Ext2.Add(a1, v3)
+	t1 = e.Ext2.MulByConstElement(v4, big.NewInt(2))
+	t1 = e.Ext2.Add(t1, v1)
+	t2 = e.Ext2.MulByNonResidue(v4)
+	t1 = e.Ext2.Add(t1, t2)
+	t1 = e.Ext2.MulByConstElement(t1, big.NewInt(6))
+	a1 = e.Ext2.Sub(t1, a1)
+
+	a2 := e.Ext2.Add(v1, v2)
+	a2 = e.Ext2.MulByConstElement(a2, big.NewInt(3))
+	t1 = e.Ext2.Add(v0, v4)
+	t1 = e.Ext2.MulByConstElement(t1, big.NewInt(6))
+	a2 = e.Ext2.Sub(a2, t1)
+
+	res := e.divE6By6([6]*baseEl{&a0.A0, &a0.A1, &a1.A0, &a1.A1, &a2.A0, &a2.A1})
+	return &E6{
+		B0: E2{
+			A0: *res[0],
+			A1: *res[1],
+		},
+		B1: E2{
+			A0: *res[2],
+			A1: *res[3],
+		},
+		B2: E2{
+			A0: *res[4],
+			A1: *res[5],
+		},
+	}
+}
+
+func (e Ext6) mulKaratsubaOverKaratsuba(x, y *E6) *E6 {
+	// Karatsuba over Karatsuba:
+	// Algorithm 13 from https://eprint.iacr.org/2010/354.pdf
 	t0 := e.Ext2.Mul(&x.B0, &y.B0)
 	t1 := e.Ext2.Mul(&x.B1, &y.B1)
 	t2 := e.Ext2.Mul(&x.B2, &y.B2)
 	c0 := e.Ext2.Add(&x.B1, &x.B2)
 	tmp := e.Ext2.Add(&y.B1, &y.B2)
 	c0 = e.Ext2.Mul(c0, tmp)
-	c0 = e.Ext2.Sub(c0, t1)
-	c0 = e.Ext2.Sub(c0, t2)
+	tmp = e.Ext2.Add(t2, t1)
+	c0 = e.Ext2.Sub(c0, tmp)
 	c0 = e.Ext2.MulByNonResidue(c0)
 	c0 = e.Ext2.Add(c0, t0)
 	c1 := e.Ext2.Add(&x.B0, &x.B1)
 	tmp = e.Ext2.Add(&y.B0, &y.B1)
 	c1 = e.Ext2.Mul(c1, tmp)
-	c1 = e.Ext2.Sub(c1, t0)
-	c1 = e.Ext2.Sub(c1, t1)
+	tmp = e.Ext2.Add(t0, t1)
+	c1 = e.Ext2.Sub(c1, tmp)
 	tmp = e.Ext2.MulByNonResidue(t2)
 	c1 = e.Ext2.Add(c1, tmp)
 	tmp = e.Ext2.Add(&x.B0, &x.B2)
 	c2 := e.Ext2.Add(&y.B0, &y.B2)
 	c2 = e.Ext2.Mul(c2, tmp)
-	c2 = e.Ext2.Sub(c2, t0)
-	c2 = e.Ext2.Sub(c2, t2)
+	tmp = e.Ext2.Add(t0, t2)
+	c2 = e.Ext2.Sub(c2, tmp)
 	c2 = e.Ext2.Add(c2, t1)
 	return &E6{
 		B0: *c0,
@@ -166,8 +278,8 @@ func (e Ext6) MulBy12(x *E6, b1, b2 *E2) *E6 {
 	c0 := e.Ext2.Add(&x.B1, &x.B2)
 	tmp := e.Ext2.Add(b1, b2)
 	c0 = e.Ext2.Mul(c0, tmp)
-	c0 = e.Ext2.Sub(c0, t1)
-	c0 = e.Ext2.Sub(c0, t2)
+	tmp = e.Ext2.Add(t1, t2)
+	c0 = e.Ext2.Sub(c0, tmp)
 	c0 = e.Ext2.MulByNonResidue(c0)
 	c1 := e.Ext2.Add(&x.B0, &x.B1)
 	c1 = e.Ext2.Mul(c1, b1)
@@ -207,7 +319,13 @@ func (e Ext6) MulBy0(z *E6, c0 *E2) *E6 {
 	}
 }
 
-// MulBy01 multiplication by sparse element (c0,c1,0)
+// MulBy01 multiplies z by an E6 sparse element of the form
+//
+//	E6{
+//		B0: c0,
+//		B1: c1,
+//		B2: 0,
+//	}
 func (e Ext6) MulBy01(z *E6, c0, c1 *E2) *E6 {
 	a := e.Ext2.Mul(&z.B0, c0)
 	b := e.Ext2.Mul(&z.B1, c1)
@@ -224,8 +342,8 @@ func (e Ext6) MulBy01(z *E6, c0, c1 *E2) *E6 {
 	t1 := e.Ext2.Add(c0, c1)
 	tmp = e.Ext2.Add(&z.B0, &z.B1)
 	t1 = e.Ext2.Mul(t1, tmp)
-	t1 = e.Ext2.Sub(t1, a)
-	t1 = e.Ext2.Sub(t1, b)
+	tmp = e.Ext2.Add(a, b)
+	t1 = e.Ext2.Sub(t1, tmp)
 	return &E6{
 		B0: *t0,
 		B1: *t1,
@@ -301,6 +419,37 @@ func (e Ext6) DivUnchecked(x, y *E6) *E6 {
 	return &div
 }
 
+func (e Ext6) divE6By6(x [6]*baseEl) [6]*baseEl {
+	res, err := e.fp.NewHint(divE6By6Hint, 6, x[0], x[1], x[2], x[3], x[4], x[5])
+	if err != nil {
+		// err is non-nil only for invalid number of inputs
+		panic(err)
+	}
+
+	y0 := *res[0]
+	y1 := *res[1]
+	y2 := *res[2]
+	y3 := *res[3]
+	y4 := *res[4]
+	y5 := *res[5]
+
+	// xi == 6 * yi
+	x0 := e.fp.MulConst(&y0, big.NewInt(6))
+	x1 := e.fp.MulConst(&y1, big.NewInt(6))
+	x2 := e.fp.MulConst(&y2, big.NewInt(6))
+	x3 := e.fp.MulConst(&y3, big.NewInt(6))
+	x4 := e.fp.MulConst(&y4, big.NewInt(6))
+	x5 := e.fp.MulConst(&y5, big.NewInt(6))
+	e.fp.AssertIsEqual(x[0], x0)
+	e.fp.AssertIsEqual(x[1], x1)
+	e.fp.AssertIsEqual(x[2], x2)
+	e.fp.AssertIsEqual(x[3], x3)
+	e.fp.AssertIsEqual(x[4], x4)
+	e.fp.AssertIsEqual(x[5], x5)
+
+	return [6]*baseEl{&y0, &y1, &y2, &y3, &y4, &y5}
+}
+
 func (e Ext6) Select(selector frontend.Variable, z1, z0 *E6) *E6 {
 	b0 := e.Ext2.Select(selector, &z1.B0, &z0.B0)
 	b1 := e.Ext2.Select(selector, &z1.B1, &z0.B1)
diff --git a/std/algebra/emulated/fields_bls12381/e6_test.go b/std/algebra/emulated/fields_bls12381/e6_test.go
index 7964833bdf..9ed08d3b51 100644
--- a/std/algebra/emulated/fields_bls12381/e6_test.go
+++ b/std/algebra/emulated/fields_bls12381/e6_test.go
@@ -102,6 +102,39 @@ func TestMulFp6(t *testing.T) {
 
 }
 
+type e6MulVariant struct {
+	A, B, C E6
+}
+
+func (circuit *e6MulVariant) Define(api frontend.API) error {
+	e := NewExt6(api)
+	expected1 := e.mulKaratsubaOverKaratsuba(&circuit.A, &circuit.B)
+	expected2 := e.mulToom3OverKaratsuba(&circuit.A, &circuit.B)
+	e.AssertIsEqual(expected1, &circuit.C)
+	e.AssertIsEqual(expected2, &circuit.C)
+	return nil
+}
+
+func TestMulFp6Variants(t *testing.T) {
+
+	assert := test.NewAssert(t)
+	// witness values
+	var a, b, c bls12381.E6
+	_, _ = a.SetRandom()
+	_, _ = b.SetRandom()
+	c.Mul(&a, &b)
+
+	witness := e6Mul{
+		A: FromE6(&a),
+		B: FromE6(&b),
+		C: FromE6(&c),
+	}
+
+	err := test.IsSolved(&e6Mul{}, &witness, ecc.BN254.ScalarField())
+	assert.NoError(err)
+
+}
+
 type e6Square struct {
 	A, C E6
 }
diff --git a/std/algebra/emulated/fields_bls12381/hints.go b/std/algebra/emulated/fields_bls12381/hints.go
index c8455f40cf..fdc9700504 100644
--- a/std/algebra/emulated/fields_bls12381/hints.go
+++ b/std/algebra/emulated/fields_bls12381/hints.go
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import (
 	"math/big"
 
 	bls12381 "github.com/consensys/gnark-crypto/ecc/bls12-381"
+	"github.com/consensys/gnark-crypto/ecc/bls12-381/fp"
 	"github.com/consensys/gnark/constraint/solver"
 	"github.com/consensys/gnark/std/math/emulated"
 )
@@ -22,6 +23,7 @@ func GetHints() []solver.Hint {
 		divE6Hint,
 		inverseE6Hint,
 		squareTorusHint,
+		divE6By6Hint,
 		// E12
 		divE12Hint,
 		inverseE12Hint,
@@ -149,6 +151,36 @@ func squareTorusHint(nativeMod *big.Int, nativeInputs, nativeOutputs []*big.Int)
 		})
 }
 
+func divE6By6Hint(nativeMod *big.Int, nativeInputs, nativeOutputs []*big.Int) error {
+	return emulated.UnwrapHint(nativeInputs, nativeOutputs,
+		func(mod *big.Int, inputs, outputs []*big.Int) error {
+			var a, c bls12381.E6
+
+			a.B0.A0.SetBigInt(inputs[0])
+			a.B0.A1.SetBigInt(inputs[1])
+			a.B1.A0.SetBigInt(inputs[2])
+			a.B1.A1.SetBigInt(inputs[3])
+			a.B2.A0.SetBigInt(inputs[4])
+			a.B2.A1.SetBigInt(inputs[5])
+
+			var sixInv fp.Element
+			sixInv.SetString("6")
+			sixInv.Inverse(&sixInv)
+			c.B0.MulByElement(&a.B0, &sixInv)
+			c.B1.MulByElement(&a.B1, &sixInv)
+			c.B2.MulByElement(&a.B2, &sixInv)
+
+			c.B0.A0.BigInt(outputs[0])
+			c.B0.A1.BigInt(outputs[1])
+			c.B1.A0.BigInt(outputs[2])
+			c.B1.A1.BigInt(outputs[3])
+			c.B2.A0.BigInt(outputs[4])
+			c.B2.A1.BigInt(outputs[5])
+
+			return nil
+		})
+}
+
 // E12 hints
 func inverseE12Hint(nativeMod *big.Int, nativeInputs, nativeOutputs []*big.Int) error {
 	return emulated.UnwrapHint(nativeInputs, nativeOutputs,
diff --git a/std/algebra/emulated/fields_bn254/e12.go b/std/algebra/emulated/fields_bn254/e12.go
index abe8bd9a9e..fb50d82676 100644
--- a/std/algebra/emulated/fields_bn254/e12.go
+++ b/std/algebra/emulated/fields_bn254/e12.go
@@ -49,8 +49,8 @@ func (e Ext12) Mul(x, y *E12) *E12 {
 	a = e.Ext6.Mul(a, b)
 	b = e.Ext6.Mul(&x.C0, &y.C0)
 	c := e.Ext6.Mul(&x.C1, &y.C1)
-	z1 := e.Ext6.Sub(a, b)
-	z1 = e.Ext6.Sub(z1, c)
+	d := e.Ext6.Add(c, b)
+	z1 := e.Ext6.Sub(a, d)
 	z0 := e.Ext6.MulByNonResidue(c)
 	z0 = e.Ext6.Add(z0, b)
 	return &E12{
@@ -101,8 +101,7 @@ func (e Ext12) IsZero(z *E12) frontend.Variable {
 func (e Ext12) Square(x *E12) *E12 {
 	c0 := e.Ext6.Sub(&x.C0, &x.C1)
 	c3 := e.Ext6.MulByNonResidue(&x.C1)
-	c3 = e.Ext6.Neg(c3)
-	c3 = e.Ext6.Add(&x.C0, c3)
+	c3 = e.Ext6.Sub(&x.C0, c3)
 	c2 := e.Ext6.Mul(&x.C0, &x.C1)
 	c0 = e.Ext6.Mul(c0, c3)
 	c0 = e.Ext6.Add(c0, c2)
diff --git a/std/algebra/emulated/fields_bn254/e12_pairing.go b/std/algebra/emulated/fields_bn254/e12_pairing.go
index 257f7d640f..9f896630ba 100644
--- a/std/algebra/emulated/fields_bn254/e12_pairing.go
+++ b/std/algebra/emulated/fields_bn254/e12_pairing.go
@@ -154,8 +154,8 @@ func (e *Ext12) Mul034By034(d3, d4, c3, c4 *E2) [5]*E2 {
 	tmp := e.Ext2.Add(c3, c4)
 	x34 := e.Ext2.Add(d3, d4)
 	x34 = e.Ext2.Mul(x34, tmp)
-	x34 = e.Ext2.Sub(x34, x3)
-	x34 = e.Ext2.Sub(x34, x4)
+	tmp = e.Ext2.Add(x4, x3)
+	x34 = e.Ext2.Sub(x34, tmp)
 
 	zC0B0 := e.Ext2.MulByNonResidue(x4)
 	zC0B0 = e.Ext2.Add(zC0B0, e.Ext2.One())
@@ -181,8 +181,8 @@ func (e *Ext12) MulBy01234(z *E12, x [5]*E2) *E12 {
 	a = e.Ext6.Mul(a, b)
 	b = e.Ext6.Mul(&z.C0, c0)
 	c := e.Ext6.MulBy01(&z.C1, x[3], x[4])
-	z1 := e.Ext6.Sub(a, b)
-	z1 = e.Ext6.Sub(z1, c)
+	d := e.Ext6.Add(c, b)
+	z1 := e.Ext6.Sub(a, d)
 	z0 := e.Ext6.MulByNonResidue(c)
 	z0 = e.Ext6.Add(z0, b)
 	return &E12{
@@ -211,8 +211,8 @@ func (e *Ext12) Mul01234By034(x [5]*E2, z3, z4 *E2) *E12 {
 	b := e.Ext6.Add(c0, c1)
 	a = e.Ext6.Mul(a, b)
 	c := e.Ext6.Mul01By01(z3, z4, x[3], x[4])
-	z1 := e.Ext6.Sub(a, c0)
-	z1 = e.Ext6.Sub(z1, c)
+	b = e.Ext6.Add(c0, c)
+	z1 := e.Ext6.Sub(a, b)
 	z0 := e.Ext6.MulByNonResidue(c)
 	z0 = e.Ext6.Add(z0, c0)
 	return &E12{
diff --git a/std/algebra/emulated/fields_bn254/e2.go b/std/algebra/emulated/fields_bn254/e2.go
index 161712f197..7533d7bf83 100644
--- a/std/algebra/emulated/fields_bn254/e2.go
+++ b/std/algebra/emulated/fields_bn254/e2.go
@@ -60,8 +60,8 @@ func NewExt2(api frontend.API) *Ext2 {
 }
 
 func (e Ext2) MulByElement(x *E2, y *baseEl) *E2 {
-	z0 := e.fp.MulMod(&x.A0, y)
-	z1 := e.fp.MulMod(&x.A1, y)
+	z0 := e.fp.Mul(&x.A0, y)
+	z1 := e.fp.Mul(&x.A1, y)
 	return &E2{
 		A0: *z0,
 		A1: *z1,
@@ -134,8 +134,8 @@ func (e Ext2) MulByNonResidue1Power5(x *E2) *E2 {
 func (e Ext2) MulByNonResidue2Power1(x *E2) *E2 {
 	element := emulated.ValueOf[emulated.BN254Fp]("21888242871839275220042445260109153167277707414472061641714758635765020556617")
 	return &E2{
-		A0: *e.fp.MulMod(&x.A0, &element),
-		A1: *e.fp.MulMod(&x.A1, &element),
+		A0: *e.fp.Mul(&x.A0, &element),
+		A1: *e.fp.Mul(&x.A1, &element),
 	}
 }
 
@@ -143,8 +143,8 @@ func (e Ext2) MulByNonResidue2Power1(x *E2) *E2 {
 func (e Ext2) MulByNonResidue2Power2(x *E2) *E2 {
 	element := emulated.ValueOf[emulated.BN254Fp]("21888242871839275220042445260109153167277707414472061641714758635765020556616")
 	return &E2{
-		A0: *e.fp.MulMod(&x.A0, &element),
-		A1: *e.fp.MulMod(&x.A1, &element),
+		A0: *e.fp.Mul(&x.A0, &element),
+		A1: *e.fp.Mul(&x.A1, &element),
 	}
 }
 
@@ -152,8 +152,8 @@ func (e Ext2) MulByNonResidue2Power2(x *E2) *E2 {
 func (e Ext2) MulByNonResidue2Power3(x *E2) *E2 {
 	element := emulated.ValueOf[emulated.BN254Fp]("21888242871839275222246405745257275088696311157297823662689037894645226208582")
 	return &E2{
-		A0: *e.fp.MulMod(&x.A0, &element),
-		A1: *e.fp.MulMod(&x.A1, &element),
+		A0: *e.fp.Mul(&x.A0, &element),
+		A1: *e.fp.Mul(&x.A1, &element),
 	}
 }
 
@@ -161,8 +161,8 @@ func (e Ext2) MulByNonResidue2Power3(x *E2) *E2 {
 func (e Ext2) MulByNonResidue2Power4(x *E2) *E2 {
 	element := emulated.ValueOf[emulated.BN254Fp]("2203960485148121921418603742825762020974279258880205651966")
 	return &E2{
-		A0: *e.fp.MulMod(&x.A0, &element),
-		A1: *e.fp.MulMod(&x.A1, &element),
+		A0: *e.fp.Mul(&x.A0, &element),
+		A1: *e.fp.Mul(&x.A1, &element),
 	}
 }
 
@@ -170,8 +170,8 @@ func (e Ext2) MulByNonResidue2Power4(x *E2) *E2 {
 func (e Ext2) MulByNonResidue2Power5(x *E2) *E2 {
 	element := emulated.ValueOf[emulated.BN254Fp]("2203960485148121921418603742825762020974279258880205651967")
 	return &E2{
-		A0: *e.fp.MulMod(&x.A0, &element),
-		A1: *e.fp.MulMod(&x.A1, &element),
+		A0: *e.fp.Mul(&x.A0, &element),
+		A1: *e.fp.Mul(&x.A1, &element),
 	}
 }
 
@@ -201,17 +201,20 @@ func (e Ext2) MulByNonResidue3Power5(x *E2) *E2 {
 }
 
 func (e Ext2) Mul(x, y *E2) *E2 {
-	a := e.fp.Add(&x.A0, &x.A1)
-	b := e.fp.Add(&y.A0, &y.A1)
-	a = e.fp.MulMod(a, b)
-	b = e.fp.MulMod(&x.A0, &y.A0)
-	c := e.fp.MulMod(&x.A1, &y.A1)
-	z1 := e.fp.Sub(a, b)
-	z1 = e.fp.Sub(z1, c)
-	z0 := e.fp.Sub(b, c)
+
+	v0 := e.fp.Mul(&x.A0, &y.A0)
+	v1 := e.fp.Mul(&x.A1, &y.A1)
+
+	b0 := e.fp.Sub(v0, v1)
+	b1 := e.fp.Add(&x.A0, &x.A1)
+	tmp := e.fp.Add(&y.A0, &y.A1)
+	b1 = e.fp.Mul(b1, tmp)
+	tmp = e.fp.Add(v0, v1)
+	b1 = e.fp.Sub(b1, tmp)
+
 	return &E2{
-		A0: *z0,
-		A1: *z1,
+		A0: *b0,
+		A1: *b1,
 	}
 }
 
@@ -269,8 +272,8 @@ func (e Ext2) IsZero(z *E2) frontend.Variable {
 func (e Ext2) Square(x *E2) *E2 {
 	a := e.fp.Add(&x.A0, &x.A1)
 	b := e.fp.Sub(&x.A0, &x.A1)
-	a = e.fp.MulMod(a, b)
-	b = e.fp.MulMod(&x.A0, &x.A1)
+	a = e.fp.Mul(a, b)
+	b = e.fp.Mul(&x.A0, &x.A1)
 	b = e.fp.MulConst(b, big.NewInt(2))
 	return &E2{
 		A0: *a,
diff --git a/std/algebra/emulated/fields_bn254/e6.go b/std/algebra/emulated/fields_bn254/e6.go
index 31ba7e0515..584043114c 100644
--- a/std/algebra/emulated/fields_bn254/e6.go
+++ b/std/algebra/emulated/fields_bn254/e6.go
@@ -1,8 +1,11 @@
 package fields_bn254
 
 import (
+	"math/big"
+
 	"github.com/consensys/gnark-crypto/ecc/bn254"
 	"github.com/consensys/gnark/frontend"
+	"github.com/consensys/gnark/internal/frontendtype"
 )
 
 type E6 struct {
@@ -79,29 +82,138 @@ func (e Ext6) Sub(x, y *E6) *E6 {
 	}
 }
 
+// Mul multiplies two E6 elmts
 func (e Ext6) Mul(x, y *E6) *E6 {
+	if ft, ok := e.api.(frontendtype.FrontendTyper); ok {
+		switch ft.FrontendType() {
+		case frontendtype.R1CS:
+			return e.mulToom3OverKaratsuba(x, y)
+		case frontendtype.SCS:
+			return e.mulKaratsubaOverKaratsuba(x, y)
+		}
+	}
+	return e.mulKaratsubaOverKaratsuba(x, y)
+}
+
+func (e Ext6) mulToom3OverKaratsuba(x, y *E6) *E6 {
+	// Toom-Cook-3x over Karatsuba:
+	// We start by computing five interpolation points – these are evaluations of
+	// the product x(u)y(u) with u ∈ {0, ±1, 2, ∞}:
+	//
+	// v0 = x(0)y(0) = x.A0 * y.A0
+	// v1 = x(1)y(1) = (x.A0 + x.A1 + x.A2)(y.A0 + y.A1 + y.A2)
+	// v2 = x(−1)y(−1) = (x.A0 − x.A1 + x.A2)(y.A0 − y.A1 + y.A2)
+	// v3 = x(2)y(2) = (x.A0 + 2x.A1 + 4x.A2)(y.A0 + 2y.A1 + 4y.A2)
+	// v4 = x(∞)y(∞) = x.A2 * y.A2
+
+	v0 := e.Ext2.Mul(&x.B0, &y.B0)
+
+	t1 := e.Ext2.Add(&x.B0, &x.B2)
+	t2 := e.Ext2.Add(&y.B0, &y.B2)
+	t3 := e.Ext2.Add(t2, &y.B1)
+	v1 := e.Ext2.Add(t1, &x.B1)
+	v1 = e.Ext2.Mul(v1, t3)
+
+	t3 = e.Ext2.Sub(t2, &y.B1)
+	v2 := e.Ext2.Sub(t1, &x.B1)
+	v2 = e.Ext2.Mul(v2, t3)
+
+	t1 = e.Ext2.MulByConstElement(&x.B1, big.NewInt(2))
+	t2 = e.Ext2.MulByConstElement(&x.B2, big.NewInt(4))
+	v3 := e.Ext2.Add(t1, t2)
+	v3 = e.Ext2.Add(v3, &x.B0)
+	t1 = e.Ext2.MulByConstElement(&y.B1, big.NewInt(2))
+	t2 = e.Ext2.MulByConstElement(&y.B2, big.NewInt(4))
+	t3 = e.Ext2.Add(t1, t2)
+	t3 = e.Ext2.Add(t3, &y.B0)
+	v3 = e.Ext2.Mul(v3, t3)
+
+	v4 := e.Ext2.Mul(&x.B2, &y.B2)
+
+	// Then the interpolation is performed as:
+	//
+	// a0 = v0 + β((1/2)v0 − (1/2)v1 − (1/6)v2 + (1/6)v3 − 2v4)
+	// a1 = −(1/2)v0 + v1 − (1/3)v2 − (1/6)v3 + 2v4 + βv4
+	// a2 = −v0 + (1/2)v1 + (1/2)v2 − v4
+	//
+	// where β is the cubic non-residue.
+	//
+	// In-circuit, we compute 6*x*y as
+	// c0 = 6v0 + β(3v0 − 3v1 − v2 + v3 − 12v4)
+	// a1 = -(3v0 + 2v2 + v3) + 6(v1 + 2v4 + βv4)
+	// a2 = 3(v1 + v2 - 2(v0 + v4))
+	//
+	// and then divide a0, a1 and a2 by 6 using a hint.
+
+	a0 := e.Ext2.MulByConstElement(v0, big.NewInt(6))
+	t1 = e.Ext2.Sub(v0, v1)
+	t1 = e.Ext2.MulByConstElement(t1, big.NewInt(3))
+	t1 = e.Ext2.Sub(t1, v2)
+	t1 = e.Ext2.Add(t1, v3)
+	t2 = e.Ext2.MulByConstElement(v4, big.NewInt(12))
+	t1 = e.Ext2.Sub(t1, t2)
+	t1 = e.Ext2.MulByNonResidue(t1)
+	a0 = e.Ext2.Add(a0, t1)
+
+	a1 := e.Ext2.MulByConstElement(v0, big.NewInt(3))
+	t1 = e.Ext2.MulByConstElement(v2, big.NewInt(2))
+	a1 = e.Ext2.Add(a1, t1)
+	a1 = e.Ext2.Add(a1, v3)
+	t1 = e.Ext2.MulByConstElement(v4, big.NewInt(2))
+	t1 = e.Ext2.Add(t1, v1)
+	t2 = e.Ext2.MulByNonResidue(v4)
+	t1 = e.Ext2.Add(t1, t2)
+	t1 = e.Ext2.MulByConstElement(t1, big.NewInt(6))
+	a1 = e.Ext2.Sub(t1, a1)
+
+	a2 := e.Ext2.Add(v1, v2)
+	a2 = e.Ext2.MulByConstElement(a2, big.NewInt(3))
+	t1 = e.Ext2.Add(v0, v4)
+	t1 = e.Ext2.MulByConstElement(t1, big.NewInt(6))
+	a2 = e.Ext2.Sub(a2, t1)
+
+	res := e.divE6By6([6]*baseEl{&a0.A0, &a0.A1, &a1.A0, &a1.A1, &a2.A0, &a2.A1})
+	return &E6{
+		B0: E2{
+			A0: *res[0],
+			A1: *res[1],
+		},
+		B1: E2{
+			A0: *res[2],
+			A1: *res[3],
+		},
+		B2: E2{
+			A0: *res[4],
+			A1: *res[5],
+		},
+	}
+}
+
+func (e Ext6) mulKaratsubaOverKaratsuba(x, y *E6) *E6 {
+	// Karatsuba over Karatsuba:
+	// Algorithm 13 from https://eprint.iacr.org/2010/354.pdf
 	t0 := e.Ext2.Mul(&x.B0, &y.B0)
 	t1 := e.Ext2.Mul(&x.B1, &y.B1)
 	t2 := e.Ext2.Mul(&x.B2, &y.B2)
 	c0 := e.Ext2.Add(&x.B1, &x.B2)
 	tmp := e.Ext2.Add(&y.B1, &y.B2)
 	c0 = e.Ext2.Mul(c0, tmp)
-	c0 = e.Ext2.Sub(c0, t1)
-	c0 = e.Ext2.Sub(c0, t2)
+	tmp = e.Ext2.Add(t2, t1)
+	c0 = e.Ext2.Sub(c0, tmp)
 	c0 = e.Ext2.MulByNonResidue(c0)
 	c0 = e.Ext2.Add(c0, t0)
 	c1 := e.Ext2.Add(&x.B0, &x.B1)
 	tmp = e.Ext2.Add(&y.B0, &y.B1)
 	c1 = e.Ext2.Mul(c1, tmp)
-	c1 = e.Ext2.Sub(c1, t0)
-	c1 = e.Ext2.Sub(c1, t1)
+	tmp = e.Ext2.Add(t0, t1)
+	c1 = e.Ext2.Sub(c1, tmp)
 	tmp = e.Ext2.MulByNonResidue(t2)
 	c1 = e.Ext2.Add(c1, tmp)
 	tmp = e.Ext2.Add(&x.B0, &x.B2)
 	c2 := e.Ext2.Add(&y.B0, &y.B2)
 	c2 = e.Ext2.Mul(c2, tmp)
-	c2 = e.Ext2.Sub(c2, t0)
-	c2 = e.Ext2.Sub(c2, t2)
+	tmp = e.Ext2.Add(t0, t2)
+	c2 = e.Ext2.Sub(c2, tmp)
 	c2 = e.Ext2.Add(c2, t1)
 	return &E6{
 		B0: *c0,
@@ -148,6 +260,17 @@ func (e Ext6) Square(x *E6) *E6 {
 	}
 }
 
+func (e Ext6) MulByConstE2(x *E6, y *E2) *E6 {
+	z0 := e.Ext2.Mul(&x.B0, y)
+	z1 := e.Ext2.Mul(&x.B1, y)
+	z2 := e.Ext2.Mul(&x.B2, y)
+	return &E6{
+		B0: *z0,
+		B1: *z1,
+		B2: *z2,
+	}
+}
+
 func (e Ext6) MulByE2(x *E6, y *E2) *E6 {
 	z0 := e.Ext2.Mul(&x.B0, y)
 	z1 := e.Ext2.Mul(&x.B1, y)
@@ -204,8 +327,8 @@ func (e Ext6) MulBy01(z *E6, c0, c1 *E2) *E6 {
 	t1 := e.Ext2.Add(c0, c1)
 	tmp = e.Ext2.Add(&z.B0, &z.B1)
 	t1 = e.Ext2.Mul(t1, tmp)
-	t1 = e.Ext2.Sub(t1, a)
-	t1 = e.Ext2.Sub(t1, b)
+	tmp = e.Ext2.Add(a, b)
+	t1 = e.Ext2.Sub(t1, tmp)
 	return &E6{
 		B0: *t0,
 		B1: *t1,
@@ -234,8 +357,8 @@ func (e Ext6) Mul01By01(c0, c1, d0, d1 *E2) *E6 {
 	t1 := e.Ext2.Add(c0, c1)
 	tmp := e.Ext2.Add(d0, d1)
 	t1 = e.Ext2.Mul(t1, tmp)
-	t1 = e.Ext2.Sub(t1, a)
-	t1 = e.Ext2.Sub(t1, b)
+	tmp = e.Ext2.Add(a, b)
+	t1 = e.Ext2.Sub(t1, tmp)
 	return &E6{
 		B0: *a,
 		B1: *t1,
@@ -317,6 +440,37 @@ func (e Ext6) DivUnchecked(x, y *E6) *E6 {
 	return &div
 }
 
+func (e Ext6) divE6By6(x [6]*baseEl) [6]*baseEl {
+	res, err := e.fp.NewHint(divE6By6Hint, 6, x[0], x[1], x[2], x[3], x[4], x[5])
+	if err != nil {
+		// err is non-nil only for invalid number of inputs
+		panic(err)
+	}
+
+	y0 := *res[0]
+	y1 := *res[1]
+	y2 := *res[2]
+	y3 := *res[3]
+	y4 := *res[4]
+	y5 := *res[5]
+
+	// xi == 6 * yi
+	x0 := e.fp.MulConst(&y0, big.NewInt(6))
+	x1 := e.fp.MulConst(&y1, big.NewInt(6))
+	x2 := e.fp.MulConst(&y2, big.NewInt(6))
+	x3 := e.fp.MulConst(&y3, big.NewInt(6))
+	x4 := e.fp.MulConst(&y4, big.NewInt(6))
+	x5 := e.fp.MulConst(&y5, big.NewInt(6))
+	e.fp.AssertIsEqual(x[0], x0)
+	e.fp.AssertIsEqual(x[1], x1)
+	e.fp.AssertIsEqual(x[2], x2)
+	e.fp.AssertIsEqual(x[3], x3)
+	e.fp.AssertIsEqual(x[4], x4)
+	e.fp.AssertIsEqual(x[5], x5)
+
+	return [6]*baseEl{&y0, &y1, &y2, &y3, &y4, &y5}
+}
+
 func (e Ext6) Select(selector frontend.Variable, z1, z0 *E6) *E6 {
 	b0 := e.Ext2.Select(selector, &z1.B0, &z0.B0)
 	b1 := e.Ext2.Select(selector, &z1.B1, &z0.B1)
diff --git a/std/algebra/emulated/fields_bn254/e6_test.go b/std/algebra/emulated/fields_bn254/e6_test.go
index 9b8dfdac74..4fbfcdea8b 100644
--- a/std/algebra/emulated/fields_bn254/e6_test.go
+++ b/std/algebra/emulated/fields_bn254/e6_test.go
@@ -102,6 +102,39 @@ func TestMulFp6(t *testing.T) {
 
 }
 
+type e6MulVariant struct {
+	A, B, C E6
+}
+
+func (circuit *e6MulVariant) Define(api frontend.API) error {
+	e := NewExt6(api)
+	expected1 := e.mulKaratsubaOverKaratsuba(&circuit.A, &circuit.B)
+	expected2 := e.mulToom3OverKaratsuba(&circuit.A, &circuit.B)
+	e.AssertIsEqual(expected1, &circuit.C)
+	e.AssertIsEqual(expected2, &circuit.C)
+	return nil
+}
+
+func TestMulFp6Variants(t *testing.T) {
+
+	assert := test.NewAssert(t)
+	// witness values
+	var a, b, c bn254.E6
+	_, _ = a.SetRandom()
+	_, _ = b.SetRandom()
+	c.Mul(&a, &b)
+
+	witness := e6Mul{
+		A: FromE6(&a),
+		B: FromE6(&b),
+		C: FromE6(&c),
+	}
+
+	err := test.IsSolved(&e6Mul{}, &witness, ecc.BN254.ScalarField())
+	assert.NoError(err)
+
+}
+
 type e6Square struct {
 	A, C E6
 }
diff --git a/std/algebra/emulated/fields_bn254/hints.go b/std/algebra/emulated/fields_bn254/hints.go
index b08d6ed977..e9409af18a 100644
--- a/std/algebra/emulated/fields_bn254/hints.go
+++ b/std/algebra/emulated/fields_bn254/hints.go
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import (
 	"math/big"
 
 	"github.com/consensys/gnark-crypto/ecc/bn254"
+	"github.com/consensys/gnark-crypto/ecc/bn254/fp"
 	"github.com/consensys/gnark/constraint/solver"
 	"github.com/consensys/gnark/std/math/emulated"
 )
@@ -22,6 +23,7 @@ func GetHints() []solver.Hint {
 		divE6Hint,
 		inverseE6Hint,
 		squareTorusHint,
+		divE6By6Hint,
 		// E12
 		divE12Hint,
 		inverseE12Hint,
@@ -149,6 +151,36 @@ func squareTorusHint(nativeMod *big.Int, nativeInputs, nativeOutputs []*big.Int)
 		})
 }
 
+func divE6By6Hint(nativeMod *big.Int, nativeInputs, nativeOutputs []*big.Int) error {
+	return emulated.UnwrapHint(nativeInputs, nativeOutputs,
+		func(mod *big.Int, inputs, outputs []*big.Int) error {
+			var a, c bn254.E6
+
+			a.B0.A0.SetBigInt(inputs[0])
+			a.B0.A1.SetBigInt(inputs[1])
+			a.B1.A0.SetBigInt(inputs[2])
+			a.B1.A1.SetBigInt(inputs[3])
+			a.B2.A0.SetBigInt(inputs[4])
+			a.B2.A1.SetBigInt(inputs[5])
+
+			var sixInv fp.Element
+			sixInv.SetString("6")
+			sixInv.Inverse(&sixInv)
+			c.B0.MulByElement(&a.B0, &sixInv)
+			c.B1.MulByElement(&a.B1, &sixInv)
+			c.B2.MulByElement(&a.B2, &sixInv)
+
+			c.B0.A0.BigInt(outputs[0])
+			c.B0.A1.BigInt(outputs[1])
+			c.B1.A0.BigInt(outputs[2])
+			c.B1.A1.BigInt(outputs[3])
+			c.B2.A0.BigInt(outputs[4])
+			c.B2.A1.BigInt(outputs[5])
+
+			return nil
+		})
+}
+
 // E12 hints
 func inverseE12Hint(nativeMod *big.Int, nativeInputs, nativeOutputs []*big.Int) error {
 	return emulated.UnwrapHint(nativeInputs, nativeOutputs,
diff --git a/std/algebra/emulated/fields_bw6761/e3.go b/std/algebra/emulated/fields_bw6761/e3.go
deleted file mode 100644
index a2dc7530e9..0000000000
--- a/std/algebra/emulated/fields_bw6761/e3.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,400 +0,0 @@
-package fields_bw6761
-
-import (
-	"math/big"
-
-	bw6761 "github.com/consensys/gnark-crypto/ecc/bw6-761"
-	"github.com/consensys/gnark/frontend"
-	"github.com/consensys/gnark/std/math/emulated"
-)
-
-type curveF = emulated.Field[emulated.BW6761Fp]
-type baseEl = emulated.Element[emulated.BW6761Fp]
-
-type E3 struct {
-	A0, A1, A2 baseEl
-}
-
-type Ext3 struct {
-	api frontend.API
-	fp  *curveF
-}
-
-func NewExt3(api frontend.API) *Ext3 {
-	fp, err := emulated.NewField[emulated.BW6761Fp](api)
-	if err != nil {
-		panic(err)
-	}
-	return &Ext3{
-		api: api,
-		fp:  fp,
-	}
-}
-
-func (e Ext3) Reduce(x *E3) *E3 {
-	var z E3
-	z.A0 = *e.fp.Reduce(&x.A0)
-	z.A1 = *e.fp.Reduce(&x.A1)
-	z.A2 = *e.fp.Reduce(&x.A2)
-	return &z
-}
-
-func (e Ext3) Zero() *E3 {
-	zero := e.fp.Zero()
-	return &E3{
-		A0: *zero,
-		A1: *zero,
-		A2: *zero,
-	}
-}
-
-func (e Ext3) One() *E3 {
-	one := e.fp.One()
-	zero := e.fp.Zero()
-	return &E3{
-		A0: *one,
-		A1: *zero,
-		A2: *zero,
-	}
-}
-
-func (e Ext3) Neg(x *E3) *E3 {
-	a0 := e.fp.Neg(&x.A0)
-	a1 := e.fp.Neg(&x.A1)
-	a2 := e.fp.Neg(&x.A2)
-	return &E3{
-		A0: *a0,
-		A1: *a1,
-		A2: *a2,
-	}
-}
-
-func (e Ext3) Add(x, y *E3) *E3 {
-	a0 := e.fp.Add(&x.A0, &y.A0)
-	a1 := e.fp.Add(&x.A1, &y.A1)
-	a2 := e.fp.Add(&x.A2, &y.A2)
-	return &E3{
-		A0: *a0,
-		A1: *a1,
-		A2: *a2,
-	}
-}
-
-func (e Ext3) Sub(x, y *E3) *E3 {
-	a0 := e.fp.Sub(&x.A0, &y.A0)
-	a1 := e.fp.Sub(&x.A1, &y.A1)
-	a2 := e.fp.Sub(&x.A2, &y.A2)
-	return &E3{
-		A0: *a0,
-		A1: *a1,
-		A2: *a2,
-	}
-}
-
-func (e Ext3) Double(x *E3) *E3 {
-	two := big.NewInt(2)
-	a0 := e.fp.MulConst(&x.A0, two)
-	a1 := e.fp.MulConst(&x.A1, two)
-	a2 := e.fp.MulConst(&x.A2, two)
-	return &E3{
-		A0: *a0,
-		A1: *a1,
-		A2: *a2,
-	}
-}
-
-func mulFpByNonResidue(fp *curveF, x *baseEl) *baseEl {
-
-	z := fp.Neg(x)
-	z = fp.MulConst(z, big.NewInt(4))
-	return z
-}
-
-func (e Ext3) Conjugate(x *E3) *E3 {
-	a1 := e.fp.Neg(&x.A1)
-	return &E3{
-		A0: x.A0,
-		A1: *a1,
-		A2: x.A2,
-	}
-}
-
-func (e Ext3) MulByElement(x *E3, y *baseEl) *E3 {
-	a0 := e.fp.Mul(&x.A0, y)
-	a1 := e.fp.Mul(&x.A1, y)
-	a2 := e.fp.Mul(&x.A2, y)
-	z := &E3{
-		A0: *a0,
-		A1: *a1,
-		A2: *a2,
-	}
-	return z
-}
-
-func (e Ext3) MulByConstElement(x *E3, y *big.Int) *E3 {
-	a0 := e.fp.MulConst(&x.A0, y)
-	a1 := e.fp.MulConst(&x.A1, y)
-	a2 := e.fp.MulConst(&x.A2, y)
-	return &E3{
-		A0: *a0,
-		A1: *a1,
-		A2: *a2,
-	}
-}
-
-// MulBy01 multiplication by sparse element (c0,c1,0)
-func (e Ext3) MulBy01(z *E3, c0, c1 *baseEl) *E3 {
-
-	a := e.fp.Mul(&z.A0, c0)
-	b := e.fp.Mul(&z.A1, c1)
-
-	tmp := e.fp.Add(&z.A1, &z.A2)
-	t0 := e.fp.Mul(c1, tmp)
-	t0 = e.fp.Sub(b, t0)
-	t0 = e.fp.MulConst(t0, big.NewInt(4))
-	t0 = e.fp.Add(t0, a)
-
-	// for t2, schoolbook is faster than karatsuba
-	// c2 = a0b2 + a1b1 + a2b0,
-	// c2 = a2b0 + b ∵ b2 = 0, b = a1b1
-	t2 := e.fp.Mul(&z.A2, c0)
-	t2 = e.fp.Add(t2, b)
-
-	t1 := e.fp.Add(c0, c1)
-	tmp = e.fp.Add(&z.A0, &z.A1)
-	t1 = e.fp.Mul(t1, tmp)
-	t1 = e.fp.Sub(t1, a)
-	t1 = e.fp.Sub(t1, b)
-
-	return &E3{
-		A0: *t0,
-		A1: *t1,
-		A2: *t2,
-	}
-}
-
-// MulBy1 multiplication of E6 by sparse element (0, c1, 0)
-func (e Ext3) MulBy1(z *E3, c1 *baseEl) *E3 {
-
-	b := e.fp.Mul(&z.A1, c1)
-	tmp := e.fp.Add(&z.A1, &z.A2)
-	t0 := e.fp.Mul(c1, tmp)
-	t0 = e.fp.Sub(b, t0)
-	t0 = e.fp.MulConst(t0, big.NewInt(4))
-	tmp = e.fp.Add(&z.A0, &z.A1)
-	t1 := e.fp.Mul(c1, tmp)
-	t1 = e.fp.Sub(t1, b)
-
-	return &E3{
-		A0: *t0,
-		A1: *t1,
-		A2: *b,
-	}
-}
-
-// MulBy12 multiplication by sparse element (0,b1,b2)
-func (e Ext3) MulBy12(x *E3, b1, b2 *baseEl) *E3 {
-	t1 := e.fp.Mul(&x.A1, b1)
-	t2 := e.fp.Mul(&x.A2, b2)
-	c0 := e.fp.Add(&x.A1, &x.A2)
-	tmp := e.fp.Add(b1, b2)
-	c0 = e.fp.Mul(c0, tmp)
-	c0 = e.fp.Sub(c0, t1)
-	c0 = e.fp.Sub(t2, c0)
-	c0 = e.fp.MulConst(c0, big.NewInt(4))
-	c1 := e.fp.Add(&x.A0, &x.A1)
-	c1 = e.fp.Mul(c1, b1)
-	c1 = e.fp.Sub(c1, t1)
-	tmp = mulFpByNonResidue(e.fp, t2)
-	c1 = e.fp.Add(c1, tmp)
-	tmp = e.fp.Add(&x.A0, &x.A2)
-	c2 := e.fp.Mul(b2, tmp)
-	c2 = e.fp.Sub(c2, t2)
-	c2 = e.fp.Add(c2, t1)
-	return &E3{
-		A0: *c0,
-		A1: *c1,
-		A2: *c2,
-	}
-}
-
-// Mul01By01 multiplies two E3 sparse element of the form:
-//
-//	E3{
-//		A0: c0,
-//		A1: c1,
-//		A2: 0,
-//	}
-//
-// and
-//
-//	E3{
-//		A0: d0,
-//		A1: d1,
-//		A2: 0,
-//	}
-func (e Ext3) Mul01By01(c0, c1, d0, d1 *baseEl) *E3 {
-	a := e.fp.Mul(d0, c0)
-	b := e.fp.Mul(d1, c1)
-	t1 := e.fp.Add(c0, c1)
-	tmp := e.fp.Add(d0, d1)
-	t1 = e.fp.Mul(t1, tmp)
-	t1 = e.fp.Sub(t1, a)
-	t1 = e.fp.Sub(t1, b)
-	return &E3{
-		A0: *a,
-		A1: *t1,
-		A2: *b,
-	}
-}
-
-func (e Ext3) Mul(x, y *E3) *E3 {
-	// Algorithm 13 from https://eprint.iacr.org/2010/354.pdf
-	t0 := e.fp.Mul(&x.A0, &y.A0)
-	t1 := e.fp.Mul(&x.A1, &y.A1)
-	t2 := e.fp.Mul(&x.A2, &y.A2)
-
-	c0 := e.fp.Add(&x.A1, &x.A2)
-	tmp := e.fp.Add(&y.A1, &y.A2)
-	c0 = e.fp.Mul(c0, tmp)
-	c0 = e.fp.Sub(c0, t1)
-	c0 = e.fp.Sub(t2, c0)
-	c0 = e.fp.MulConst(c0, big.NewInt(4))
-
-	tmp = e.fp.Add(&x.A0, &x.A2)
-	c2 := e.fp.Add(&y.A0, &y.A2)
-	c2 = e.fp.Mul(c2, tmp)
-	c2 = e.fp.Sub(c2, t0)
-	c2 = e.fp.Sub(c2, t2)
-
-	c1 := e.fp.Add(&x.A0, &x.A1)
-	tmp = e.fp.Add(&y.A0, &y.A1)
-	c1 = e.fp.Mul(c1, tmp)
-	c1 = e.fp.Sub(c1, t0)
-	c1 = e.fp.Sub(c1, t1)
-	t2 = mulFpByNonResidue(e.fp, t2)
-
-	a0 := e.fp.Add(c0, t0)
-	a1 := e.fp.Add(c1, t2)
-	a2 := e.fp.Add(c2, t1)
-
-	return &E3{
-		A0: *a0,
-		A1: *a1,
-		A2: *a2,
-	}
-}
-
-func (e Ext3) Square(x *E3) *E3 {
-
-	// Algorithm 16 from https://eprint.iacr.org/2010/354.pdf
-
-	c6 := e.fp.MulConst(&x.A1, big.NewInt(2))
-	c4 := e.fp.Mul(&x.A0, c6) // x.A0 * xA1 * 2
-	c5 := e.fp.Mul(&x.A2, &x.A2)
-	c1 := mulFpByNonResidue(e.fp, c5)
-	c1 = e.fp.Add(c1, c4)
-	c2 := e.fp.Sub(c4, c5)
-
-	c3 := e.fp.Mul(&x.A0, &x.A0)
-	c4 = e.fp.Sub(&x.A0, &x.A1)
-	c4 = e.fp.Add(c4, &x.A2)
-	c5 = e.fp.Mul(c6, &x.A2) // x.A1 * xA2 * 2
-	c4 = e.fp.Mul(c4, c4)
-	c0 := mulFpByNonResidue(e.fp, c5)
-	c4 = e.fp.Add(c4, c5)
-	c4 = e.fp.Sub(c4, c3)
-
-	a0 := e.fp.Add(c0, c3)
-	a1 := c1
-	a2 := e.fp.Add(c2, c4)
-
-	return &E3{
-		A0: *a0,
-		A1: *a1,
-		A2: *a2,
-	}
-}
-
-func (e Ext3) Inverse(x *E3) *E3 {
-	res, err := e.fp.NewHint(inverseE3Hint, 3, &x.A0, &x.A1, &x.A2)
-	if err != nil {
-		// err is non-nil only for invalid number of inputs
-		panic(err)
-	}
-
-	inv := E3{
-		A0: *res[0],
-		A1: *res[1],
-		A2: *res[2],
-	}
-	one := e.One()
-
-	// 1 == inv * x
-	_one := e.Mul(&inv, x)
-	e.AssertIsEqual(one, _one)
-
-	return &inv
-
-}
-
-func (e Ext3) DivUnchecked(x, y *E3) *E3 {
-	res, err := e.fp.NewHint(divE3Hint, 6, &x.A0, &x.A1, &x.A2, &y.A0, &y.A1, &y.A2)
-	if err != nil {
-		// err is non-nil only for invalid number of inputs
-		panic(err)
-	}
-
-	div := E3{
-		A0: *res[0],
-		A1: *res[1],
-		A2: *res[2],
-	}
-
-	// x = div * y
-	_x := e.Mul(&div, y)
-	e.AssertIsEqual(x, _x)
-
-	return &div
-
-}
-
-// MulByNonResidue mul x by (0,1,0)
-func (e Ext3) MulByNonResidue(x *E3) *E3 {
-	z := &E3{
-		A0: x.A2,
-		A1: x.A0,
-		A2: x.A1,
-	}
-	z.A0 = *mulFpByNonResidue(e.fp, &z.A0)
-	return z
-}
-
-func (e Ext3) AssertIsEqual(a, b *E3) {
-	e.fp.AssertIsEqual(&a.A0, &b.A0)
-	e.fp.AssertIsEqual(&a.A1, &b.A1)
-	e.fp.AssertIsEqual(&a.A2, &b.A2)
-}
-
-func (e Ext3) Copy(x *E3) *E3 {
-	return &E3{
-		A0: x.A0,
-		A1: x.A1,
-		A2: x.A2,
-	}
-}
-
-func FromE3(a *bw6761.E3) E3 {
-	return E3{
-		A0: emulated.ValueOf[emulated.BW6761Fp](a.A0),
-		A1: emulated.ValueOf[emulated.BW6761Fp](a.A1),
-		A2: emulated.ValueOf[emulated.BW6761Fp](a.A2),
-	}
-}
-
-func (e Ext3) Select(selector frontend.Variable, z1, z0 *E3) *E3 {
-	a0 := e.fp.Select(selector, &z1.A0, &z0.A0)
-	a1 := e.fp.Select(selector, &z1.A1, &z0.A1)
-	a2 := e.fp.Select(selector, &z1.A2, &z0.A2)
-	return &E3{A0: *a0, A1: *a1, A2: *a2}
-}
diff --git a/std/algebra/emulated/fields_bw6761/e3_test.go b/std/algebra/emulated/fields_bw6761/e3_test.go
deleted file mode 100644
index 1893258437..0000000000
--- a/std/algebra/emulated/fields_bw6761/e3_test.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,410 +0,0 @@
-package fields_bw6761
-
-import (
-	"testing"
-
-	"github.com/consensys/gnark-crypto/ecc"
-	bw6761 "github.com/consensys/gnark-crypto/ecc/bw6-761"
-	"github.com/consensys/gnark-crypto/ecc/bw6-761/fp"
-	"github.com/consensys/gnark/frontend"
-	"github.com/consensys/gnark/std/math/emulated"
-	"github.com/consensys/gnark/test"
-)
-
-type e3Add struct {
-	A, B, C E3
-}
-
-func (circuit *e3Add) Define(api frontend.API) error {
-	e := NewExt3(api)
-	expected := e.Add(&circuit.A, &circuit.B)
-	e.AssertIsEqual(expected, &circuit.C)
-	return nil
-}
-
-func TestAddFp3(t *testing.T) {
-	assert := test.NewAssert(t)
-	// witness values
-	var a, b, c bw6761.E3
-	_, _ = a.SetRandom()
-	_, _ = b.SetRandom()
-	c.Add(&a, &b)
-
-	witness := e3Add{
-		A: FromE3(&a),
-		B: FromE3(&b),
-		C: FromE3(&c),
-	}
-
-	err := test.IsSolved(&e3Add{}, &witness, ecc.BN254.ScalarField())
-	assert.NoError(err)
-}
-
-type e3Sub struct {
-	A, B, C E3
-}
-
-func (circuit *e3Sub) Define(api frontend.API) error {
-	e := NewExt3(api)
-	expected := e.Sub(&circuit.A, &circuit.B)
-	e.AssertIsEqual(expected, &circuit.C)
-	return nil
-}
-
-func TestSubFp3(t *testing.T) {
-	assert := test.NewAssert(t)
-	// witness values
-	var a, b, c bw6761.E3
-	_, _ = a.SetRandom()
-	_, _ = b.SetRandom()
-	c.Sub(&a, &b)
-
-	witness := e3Sub{
-		A: FromE3(&a),
-		B: FromE3(&b),
-		C: FromE3(&c),
-	}
-
-	err := test.IsSolved(&e3Sub{}, &witness, ecc.BN254.ScalarField())
-	assert.NoError(err)
-}
-
-type e3Neg struct {
-	A, B E3
-}
-
-func (circuit *e3Neg) Define(api frontend.API) error {
-	e := NewExt3(api)
-	expected := e.Neg(&circuit.A)
-	e.AssertIsEqual(expected, &circuit.B)
-	return nil
-}
-
-func TestNegFp3(t *testing.T) {
-	assert := test.NewAssert(t)
-	// witness values
-	var a, b bw6761.E3
-	_, _ = a.SetRandom()
-	b.Neg(&a)
-
-	witness := e3Neg{
-		A: FromE3(&a),
-		B: FromE3(&b),
-	}
-
-	err := test.IsSolved(&e3Neg{}, &witness, ecc.BN254.ScalarField())
-	assert.NoError(err)
-}
-
-type e3Double struct {
-	A, B E3
-}
-
-func (circuit *e3Double) Define(api frontend.API) error {
-	e := NewExt3(api)
-	expected := e.Double(&circuit.A)
-	e.AssertIsEqual(expected, &circuit.B)
-	return nil
-}
-
-func TestDoubleFp3(t *testing.T) {
-	assert := test.NewAssert(t)
-	// witness values
-	var a, b bw6761.E3
-	_, _ = a.SetRandom()
-	b.Double(&a)
-
-	witness := e3Double{
-		A: FromE3(&a),
-		B: FromE3(&b),
-	}
-
-	err := test.IsSolved(&e3Double{}, &witness, ecc.BN254.ScalarField())
-	assert.NoError(err)
-}
-
-type e3Mul struct {
-	A, B, C E3
-}
-
-func (circuit *e3Mul) Define(api frontend.API) error {
-	e := NewExt3(api)
-	expected := e.Mul(&circuit.A, &circuit.B)
-	e.AssertIsEqual(expected, &circuit.C)
-	return nil
-}
-
-func TestMulFp3(t *testing.T) {
-	assert := test.NewAssert(t)
-	// witness values
-	var a, b, c bw6761.E3
-	_, _ = a.SetRandom()
-	_, _ = b.SetRandom()
-	c.Mul(&a, &b)
-
-	witness := e3Mul{
-		A: FromE3(&a),
-		B: FromE3(&b),
-		C: FromE3(&c),
-	}
-
-	err := test.IsSolved(&e3Mul{}, &witness, ecc.BN254.ScalarField())
-	assert.NoError(err)
-}
-
-type e3Mul01By01 struct {
-	A0, A1 baseEl
-	B0, B1 baseEl
-	C      E3
-}
-
-func (circuit *e3Mul01By01) Define(api frontend.API) error {
-	e := NewExt3(api)
-	expected := e.Mul01By01(&circuit.A0, &circuit.A1, &circuit.B0, &circuit.B1)
-	e.AssertIsEqual(expected, &circuit.C)
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-func TestMul01By01(t *testing.T) {
-
-	// we test our new E3.Mul01By01 against E3.MulBy01
-	assert := test.NewAssert(t)
-	// witness values
-	var a, c bw6761.E3
-	var A0, A1, B0, B1 fp.Element
-	A0.SetRandom()
-	A1.SetRandom()
-	B0.SetRandom()
-	B1.SetRandom()
-	// build a 01 sparse E3 with,
-	// first two elements as A1 and A2,
-	// and the third as 0
-	a.A0 = A0
-	a.A1 = A1
-	a.A2.SetZero()
-	c.Set(&a)
-	c.MulBy01(&B0, &B1)
-
-	witness := e3Mul01By01{
-		A0: emulated.ValueOf[emulated.BW6761Fp](A0),
-		A1: emulated.ValueOf[emulated.BW6761Fp](A1),
-		B0: emulated.ValueOf[emulated.BW6761Fp](B0),
-		B1: emulated.ValueOf[emulated.BW6761Fp](B1),
-		C:  FromE3(&c),
-	}
-
-	err := test.IsSolved(&e3Mul01By01{}, &witness, ecc.BN254.ScalarField())
-	assert.NoError(err)
-
-}
-
-type e3MulByNonResidue struct {
-	A, B E3
-}
-
-func (circuit *e3MulByNonResidue) Define(api frontend.API) error {
-	e := NewExt3(api)
-	expected := e.MulByNonResidue(&circuit.A)
-	e.AssertIsEqual(expected, &circuit.B)
-	return nil
-}
-
-func TestMulByNonResidueFp3(t *testing.T) {
-	assert := test.NewAssert(t)
-	// witness values
-	var a, b bw6761.E3
-	_, _ = a.SetRandom()
-	b.Set(&a)
-	b.MulByNonResidue(&a)
-
-	witness := e3MulByNonResidue{
-		A: FromE3(&a),
-		B: FromE3(&b),
-	}
-
-	err := test.IsSolved(&e3MulByNonResidue{}, &witness, ecc.BN254.ScalarField())
-	assert.NoError(err)
-}
-
-type e3MulByElement struct {
-	A E3
-	Y baseEl
-	B E3
-}
-
-func (circuit *e3MulByElement) Define(api frontend.API) error {
-	e := NewExt3(api)
-	expected := e.MulByElement(&circuit.A, &circuit.Y)
-	e.AssertIsEqual(expected, &circuit.B)
-	return nil
-}
-
-func TestMulByElementFp3(t *testing.T) {
-	assert := test.NewAssert(t)
-	// witness values
-	var a, b bw6761.E3
-	_, _ = a.SetRandom()
-	var y fp.Element
-	y.SetRandom()
-	b.Set(&a)
-	b.MulByElement(&a, &y)
-
-	witness := e3MulByElement{
-		A: FromE3(&a),
-		Y: emulated.ValueOf[emulated.BW6761Fp](y),
-		B: FromE3(&b),
-	}
-
-	err := test.IsSolved(&e3MulByElement{}, &witness, ecc.BN254.ScalarField())
-	assert.NoError(err)
-}
-
-type e3MulBy01 struct {
-	A      E3
-	C0, C1 baseEl
-	B      E3
-}
-
-func (circuit *e3MulBy01) Define(api frontend.API) error {
-	e := NewExt3(api)
-	expected := e.MulBy01(&circuit.A, &circuit.C0, &circuit.C1)
-	e.AssertIsEqual(expected, &circuit.B)
-	return nil
-}
-
-func TestMulBy01Fp3(t *testing.T) {
-	assert := test.NewAssert(t)
-	// witness values
-	var a, b bw6761.E3
-	_, _ = a.SetRandom()
-	var c0, c1 fp.Element
-	c0.SetRandom()
-	c1.SetRandom()
-	b.Set(&a)
-	b.MulBy01(&c0, &c1)
-
-	witness := e3MulBy01{
-		A:  FromE3(&a),
-		C0: emulated.ValueOf[emulated.BW6761Fp](c0),
-		C1: emulated.ValueOf[emulated.BW6761Fp](c1),
-		B:  FromE3(&b),
-	}
-
-	err := test.IsSolved(&e3MulBy01{}, &witness, ecc.BN254.ScalarField())
-	assert.NoError(err)
-}
-
-type e3Square struct {
-	A, B E3
-}
-
-func (circuit *e3Square) Define(api frontend.API) error {
-	e := NewExt3(api)
-	expected := e.Square(&circuit.A)
-	e.AssertIsEqual(expected, &circuit.B)
-	return nil
-}
-
-func TestSquareFp3(t *testing.T) {
-	assert := test.NewAssert(t)
-	// witness values
-	var a, b bw6761.E3
-	_, _ = a.SetRandom()
-	b.Square(&a)
-
-	witness := e3Square{
-		A: FromE3(&a),
-		B: FromE3(&b),
-	}
-
-	err := test.IsSolved(&e3Square{}, &witness, ecc.BN254.ScalarField())
-	assert.NoError(err)
-}
-
-type e3Inverse struct {
-	A, B E3
-}
-
-func (circuit *e3Inverse) Define(api frontend.API) error {
-	e := NewExt3(api)
-	expected := e.Inverse(&circuit.A)
-	e.AssertIsEqual(expected, &circuit.B)
-	return nil
-}
-
-func TestInverseFp3(t *testing.T) {
-	assert := test.NewAssert(t)
-	// witness values
-	var a, b bw6761.E3
-	_, _ = a.SetRandom()
-	b.Inverse(&a)
-
-	witness := e3Inverse{
-		A: FromE3(&a),
-		B: FromE3(&b),
-	}
-
-	// add=50605 equals=769 fromBinary=0 mul=50315 sub=558 toBinary=0
-	err := test.IsSolved(&e3Inverse{}, &witness, ecc.BN254.ScalarField())
-	assert.NoError(err)
-}
-
-type e3Div struct {
-	A, B, C E3
-}
-
-func (circuit *e3Div) Define(api frontend.API) error {
-	e := NewExt3(api)
-	expected := e.DivUnchecked(&circuit.A, &circuit.B)
-	e.AssertIsEqual(expected, &circuit.C)
-	return nil
-}
-
-func TestDivFp3(t *testing.T) {
-
-	assert := test.NewAssert(t)
-	// witness values
-	var a, b, c bw6761.E3
-	_, _ = a.SetRandom()
-	_, _ = b.SetRandom()
-	c.Inverse(&b)
-	c.Mul(&a, &c)
-
-	witness := e3Div{
-		A: FromE3(&a),
-		B: FromE3(&b),
-		C: FromE3(&c),
-	}
-
-	err := test.IsSolved(&e3Div{}, &witness, ecc.BN254.ScalarField())
-	assert.NoError(err)
-
-}
-
-type e3Conjugate struct {
-	A, B E3
-}
-
-func (circuit *e3Conjugate) Define(api frontend.API) error {
-	e := NewExt3(api)
-	expected := e.Conjugate(&circuit.A)
-	e.AssertIsEqual(expected, &circuit.B)
-	return nil
-}
-
-func TestConjugateFp3(t *testing.T) {
-	assert := test.NewAssert(t)
-	// witness values
-	var a, b bw6761.E3
-	_, _ = a.SetRandom()
-	b.Conjugate(&a)
-
-	witness := e3Conjugate{
-		A: FromE3(&a),
-		B: FromE3(&b),
-	}
-
-	err := test.IsSolved(&e3Conjugate{}, &witness, ecc.BN254.ScalarField())
-	assert.NoError(err)
-}
diff --git a/std/algebra/emulated/fields_bw6761/e6.go b/std/algebra/emulated/fields_bw6761/e6.go
index be781adcb4..433b92cc5a 100644
--- a/std/algebra/emulated/fields_bw6761/e6.go
+++ b/std/algebra/emulated/fields_bw6761/e6.go
@@ -8,100 +8,783 @@ import (
 	"github.com/consensys/gnark/std/math/emulated"
 )
 
+type curveF = emulated.Field[emulated.BW6761Fp]
+type baseEl = emulated.Element[emulated.BW6761Fp]
+
 type E6 struct {
-	B0, B1 E3
+	A0, A1, A2, A3, A4, A5 baseEl
 }
 
 type Ext6 struct {
-	*Ext3
+	api frontend.API
+	fp  *curveF
+}
+
+func NewExt6(api frontend.API) *Ext6 {
+	fp, err := emulated.NewField[emulated.BW6761Fp](api)
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+	return &Ext6{
+		api: api,
+		fp:  fp,
+	}
 }
 
 func (e Ext6) Reduce(x *E6) *E6 {
 	var z E6
-	z.B0 = *e.Ext3.Reduce(&x.B0)
-	z.B1 = *e.Ext3.Reduce(&x.B1)
+	z.A0 = *e.fp.Reduce(&x.A0)
+	z.A1 = *e.fp.Reduce(&x.A1)
+	z.A2 = *e.fp.Reduce(&x.A2)
+	z.A3 = *e.fp.Reduce(&x.A3)
+	z.A4 = *e.fp.Reduce(&x.A4)
+	z.A5 = *e.fp.Reduce(&x.A5)
 	return &z
 }
 
-func NewExt6(api frontend.API) *Ext6 {
-	return &Ext6{Ext3: NewExt3(api)}
-}
-
 func (e Ext6) Zero() *E6 {
-	b0 := e.Ext3.Zero()
-	b1 := e.Ext3.Zero()
+	zero := e.fp.Zero()
 	return &E6{
-		B0: *b0,
-		B1: *b1,
+		A0: *zero,
+		A1: *zero,
+		A2: *zero,
+		A3: *zero,
+		A4: *zero,
+		A5: *zero,
 	}
 }
 
 func (e Ext6) One() *E6 {
+	one := e.fp.One()
+	zero := e.fp.Zero()
+	return &E6{
+		A0: *one,
+		A1: *zero,
+		A2: *zero,
+		A3: *zero,
+		A4: *zero,
+		A5: *zero,
+	}
+}
+
+func (e Ext6) Neg(x *E6) *E6 {
+	a0 := e.fp.Neg(&x.A0)
+	a1 := e.fp.Neg(&x.A1)
+	a2 := e.fp.Neg(&x.A2)
+	a3 := e.fp.Neg(&x.A3)
+	a4 := e.fp.Neg(&x.A4)
+	a5 := e.fp.Neg(&x.A5)
 	return &E6{
-		B0: *e.Ext3.One(),
-		B1: *e.Ext3.Zero(),
+		A0: *a0,
+		A1: *a1,
+		A2: *a2,
+		A3: *a3,
+		A4: *a4,
+		A5: *a5,
 	}
 }
 
 func (e Ext6) Add(x, y *E6) *E6 {
+	a0 := e.fp.Add(&x.A0, &y.A0)
+	a1 := e.fp.Add(&x.A1, &y.A1)
+	a2 := e.fp.Add(&x.A2, &y.A2)
+	a3 := e.fp.Add(&x.A3, &y.A3)
+	a4 := e.fp.Add(&x.A4, &y.A4)
+	a5 := e.fp.Add(&x.A5, &y.A5)
 	return &E6{
-		B0: *e.Ext3.Add(&x.B0, &y.B0),
-		B1: *e.Ext3.Add(&x.B1, &y.B1),
+		A0: *a0,
+		A1: *a1,
+		A2: *a2,
+		A3: *a3,
+		A4: *a4,
+		A5: *a5,
 	}
 }
 
 func (e Ext6) Sub(x, y *E6) *E6 {
+	a0 := e.fp.Sub(&x.A0, &y.A0)
+	a1 := e.fp.Sub(&x.A1, &y.A1)
+	a2 := e.fp.Sub(&x.A2, &y.A2)
+	a3 := e.fp.Sub(&x.A3, &y.A3)
+	a4 := e.fp.Sub(&x.A4, &y.A4)
+	a5 := e.fp.Sub(&x.A5, &y.A5)
 	return &E6{
-		B0: *e.Ext3.Sub(&x.B0, &y.B0),
-		B1: *e.Ext3.Sub(&x.B1, &y.B1),
+		A0: *a0,
+		A1: *a1,
+		A2: *a2,
+		A3: *a3,
+		A4: *a4,
+		A5: *a5,
 	}
 }
 
 func (e Ext6) Double(x *E6) *E6 {
+	two := big.NewInt(2)
+	a0 := e.fp.MulConst(&x.A0, two)
+	a1 := e.fp.MulConst(&x.A1, two)
+	a2 := e.fp.MulConst(&x.A2, two)
+	a3 := e.fp.MulConst(&x.A3, two)
+	a4 := e.fp.MulConst(&x.A4, two)
+	a5 := e.fp.MulConst(&x.A5, two)
+	return &E6{
+		A0: *a0,
+		A1: *a1,
+		A2: *a2,
+		A3: *a3,
+		A4: *a4,
+		A5: *a5,
+	}
+}
+
+func (e Ext6) MulByElement(x *E6, y *baseEl) *E6 {
+	a0 := e.fp.Mul(&x.A0, y)
+	a1 := e.fp.Mul(&x.A1, y)
+	a2 := e.fp.Mul(&x.A2, y)
+	a3 := e.fp.Mul(&x.A3, y)
+	a4 := e.fp.Mul(&x.A4, y)
+	a5 := e.fp.Mul(&x.A5, y)
+	z := &E6{
+		A0: *a0,
+		A1: *a1,
+		A2: *a2,
+		A3: *a3,
+		A4: *a4,
+		A5: *a5,
+	}
+	return z
+}
+
+func (e Ext6) MulByConstElement(x *E6, y *big.Int) *E6 {
+	a0 := e.fp.MulConst(&x.A0, y)
+	a1 := e.fp.MulConst(&x.A1, y)
+	a2 := e.fp.MulConst(&x.A2, y)
+	a3 := e.fp.MulConst(&x.A3, y)
+	a4 := e.fp.MulConst(&x.A4, y)
+	a5 := e.fp.MulConst(&x.A5, y)
+	return &E6{
+		A0: *a0,
+		A1: *a1,
+		A2: *a2,
+		A3: *a3,
+		A4: *a4,
+		A5: *a5,
+	}
+}
+
+func (e Ext6) Conjugate(x *E6) *E6 {
 	return &E6{
-		B0: *e.Ext3.Double(&x.B0),
-		B1: *e.Ext3.Double(&x.B1),
+		A0: x.A0,
+		A1: *e.fp.Neg(&x.A1),
+		A2: x.A2,
+		A3: *e.fp.Neg(&x.A3),
+		A4: x.A4,
+		A5: *e.fp.Neg(&x.A5),
 	}
 }
 
+func (e Ext6) mulFpByNonResidue(fp *curveF, x *baseEl) *baseEl {
+
+	z := fp.Neg(x)
+	z = fp.MulConst(z, big.NewInt(4))
+	return z
+}
+
 func (e Ext6) Mul(x, y *E6) *E6 {
 	x = e.Reduce(x)
 	y = e.Reduce(y)
+	return e.mulToomCook6(x, y)
+}
 
-	a := e.Ext3.Add(&x.B0, &x.B1)
-	b := e.Ext3.Add(&y.B0, &y.B1)
-	a = e.Ext3.Mul(a, b)
-	b = e.Ext3.Mul(&x.B0, &y.B0)
-	c := e.Ext3.Mul(&x.B1, &y.B1)
-	b1 := e.Ext3.Sub(a, b)
-	b1 = e.Ext3.Sub(b1, c)
-	b0 := e.Ext3.MulByNonResidue(c)
-	b0 = e.Ext3.Add(b0, b)
+func (e Ext6) mulMontgomery6(x, y *E6) *E6 {
+	// Ref.: Peter L. Montgomery. Five, six, and seven-term Karatsuba-like formulae. IEEE
+	// Transactions on Computers, 54(3):362–369, 2005.
+	//
+	// Fixing the polynomial C to X^6 we first compute the interpolation points
+	// vi = x(Xi)*y(Xi) at Xi={0, ±1, ±2, ±3, ±4, 5,∞}:
+	//
+	//		v0 = (a0 + a1 + a2 + a3 + a4 + a5)(b0 + b1 + b2 + b3 + b4 + b5)
+	//		v2 = (a0 + a1 + a3 + a4)(b0 + b1 + b3 + b4)
+	//		v3 = (a0 − a2 − a3 + a5)(b0 − b2 − b3 + b5)
+	//		v4 = (a0 − a2 − a5)(b0 − b2 − b5)
+	//		v5 = (a0 + a3 − a5)(b0 + b3 − b5)
+	//		v6 = (a0 + a1 + a2)(b0 + b1 + b2)
+	//		v7 = (a3 + a4 + a5)(b3 + b4 + b5)
+	//		v8 = (a2 + a3)(b2 + b3)
+	//		v9 = (a1 − a4)(b1 − b4)
+	//		v10 = (a1 + a2)(b1 + b2)
+	//		v11 = (a3 + a4)(b3 + b4)
+	//		v12 = (a0 + a1)(b0 + b1)
+	//		v13 = (a4 + a5)(b4 + b5)
+	//		v14 = a0b0
+	//		v15 = a1b1
+	//		v16 = a4b4
+	//		v17 = a5b5
+	_t0 := e.fp.Add(&x.A0, &x.A1)
+	t0 := e.fp.Add(_t0, &x.A2)
+	t1 := e.fp.Add(&x.A3, &x.A4)
+	t2 := e.fp.Add(_t0, t1)
+	t3 := e.fp.Add(t2, &x.A5)
+	t3 = e.fp.Add(t3, &x.A2)
+
+	_s0 := e.fp.Add(&y.A0, &y.A1)
+	s0 := e.fp.Add(_s0, &y.A2)
+	s1 := e.fp.Add(&y.A3, &y.A4)
+	s2 := e.fp.Add(_s0, s1)
+	s3 := e.fp.Add(s2, &y.A5)
+	s3 = e.fp.Add(s3, &y.A2)
+
+	v0 := e.fp.Mul(t3, s3)
+	v2 := e.fp.Mul(t2, s2)
+	v6 := e.fp.Mul(t0, s0)
+	t4 := e.fp.Add(t1, &x.A5)
+	s4 := e.fp.Add(s1, &y.A5)
+	v7 := e.fp.Mul(t4, s4)
+	v12 := e.fp.Mul(_t0, _s0)
+	v11 := e.fp.Mul(t1, s1)
+	t0 = e.fp.Add(&x.A2, &x.A3)
+	s0 = e.fp.Add(&y.A2, &y.A3)
+	v8 := e.fp.Mul(t0, s0)
+	_t0 = e.fp.Sub(&x.A1, &x.A4)
+	_s0 = e.fp.Sub(&y.A1, &y.A4)
+	v9 := e.fp.Mul(_t0, _s0)
+	t1 = e.fp.Add(&x.A1, &x.A2)
+	s1 = e.fp.Add(&y.A1, &y.A2)
+	v10 := e.fp.Mul(t1, s1)
+	t1 = e.fp.Add(&x.A4, &x.A5)
+	s1 = e.fp.Add(&y.A4, &y.A5)
+	v13 := e.fp.Mul(t1, s1)
+	v3 := e.fp.Add(&x.A0, &x.A5)
+	v3 = e.fp.Sub(v3, t0)
+	s1 = e.fp.Add(&y.A0, &y.A5)
+	s1 = e.fp.Sub(s1, s0)
+	v3 = e.fp.Mul(v3, s1)
+	t1 = e.fp.Add(&x.A2, &x.A5)
+	t2 = e.fp.Sub(&x.A0, t1)
+	s1 = e.fp.Add(&y.A2, &y.A5)
+	s2 = e.fp.Sub(&y.A0, s1)
+	v4 := e.fp.Mul(t2, s2)
+	t1 = e.fp.Add(&x.A0, &x.A3)
+	t1 = e.fp.Sub(t1, &x.A5)
+	s1 = e.fp.Add(&y.A0, &y.A3)
+	s1 = e.fp.Sub(s1, &y.A5)
+	v5 := e.fp.Mul(t1, s1)
+	v14 := e.fp.Mul(&x.A0, &y.A0)
+	v15 := e.fp.Mul(&x.A1, &y.A1)
+	v16 := e.fp.Mul(&x.A4, &y.A4)
+	v17 := e.fp.Mul(&x.A5, &y.A5)
+
+	// Then we compute the coefficients c0,c1,c3,c4 and c5 in the direct sextic
+	// extension of the product x*y as follows:
+	//
+	// 	c0 = v14 + β(v0 − v2 + v4 + 2(v3+v5+v6-v12) + 3(v7+v15-v8-v10-v11) +
+	// 	4(v16-v13) − 5(v14+v17))
+	//
+	//  c1 = v12 − (v14 + v15) + β(v8 + v10 + v12 − (v3 + v5 + v6 + v15) +
+	//  2(v14 + v17 + v13 - v7) + 3(v11 - v16))
+	//
+	// 	c2 = 2v15 + v6 − (v10 + v12) + β(2v16 + v7 − (v11 + v13))
+	//
+	// 	c3 = v8 + v11 + v13 − (v3 + v4 + v7 + v16) + 3(v10 - v15) + 2(v12 + v14
+	// 	+ v17 - v6) + β(v13 − (v16 + v17))
+	//
+	// 	c4 = v2 + v3 + v4 + v7 + v15 + v9 − (v8 + v13) − 3v12 + 2(v6 − (v17 +
+	// 	v10 + v11 + v14)) + βv17
+	//
+	//  c5 = −(v3 + v4 + v5 + v9 + v15 + v16) + 2(v8 + v10 + v11 + v12 + v13 −
+	//  (v6 + v7)) + 3(v14 + v17)
+
+	c0 := e.fp.MulConst(v2, big.NewInt(4))
+	s811 := e.fp.Add(v8, v11)
+	s81110 := e.fp.Add(s811, v10)
+	s1 = e.fp.MulConst(s81110, big.NewInt(12))
+	c0 = e.fp.Add(c0, s1)
+	s1 = e.fp.MulConst(v12, big.NewInt(8))
+	c0 = e.fp.Add(c0, s1)
+	s1 = e.fp.MulConst(v13, big.NewInt(16))
+	c0 = e.fp.Add(c0, s1)
+	s1 = e.fp.MulConst(v14, big.NewInt(21))
+	c0 = e.fp.Add(c0, s1)
+	s1 = e.fp.MulConst(v17, big.NewInt(20))
+	c0 = e.fp.Add(c0, s1)
+	s1 = e.fp.MulConst(v15, big.NewInt(12))
+	s2 = e.fp.MulConst(v16, big.NewInt(16))
+	s1 = e.fp.Add(s1, s2)
+	s2 = e.fp.MulConst(v0, big.NewInt(4))
+	s1 = e.fp.Add(s1, s2)
+	s2 = e.fp.MulConst(v3, big.NewInt(8))
+	s1 = e.fp.Add(s1, s2)
+	s2 = e.fp.MulConst(v4, big.NewInt(4))
+	s1 = e.fp.Add(s1, s2)
+	s2 = e.fp.MulConst(v5, big.NewInt(8))
+	s1 = e.fp.Add(s1, s2)
+	s2 = e.fp.MulConst(v6, big.NewInt(8))
+	s1 = e.fp.Add(s1, s2)
+	s2 = e.fp.MulConst(v7, big.NewInt(12))
+	s1 = e.fp.Add(s1, s2)
+	c0 = e.fp.Sub(c0, s1)
+
+	s35 := e.fp.Add(v3, v5)
+	c1 := e.fp.Add(s35, v6)
+	c1 = e.fp.MulConst(c1, big.NewInt(4))
+	s1 = e.fp.MulConst(v7, big.NewInt(8))
+	c1 = e.fp.Add(c1, s1)
+	s1 = e.fp.MulConst(v16, big.NewInt(12))
+	c1 = e.fp.Add(c1, s1)
+	s1 = e.fp.MulConst(v15, big.NewInt(3))
+	c1 = e.fp.Add(c1, s1)
+	s1 = e.fp.MulConst(v12, big.NewInt(3))
+	s2 = e.fp.MulConst(v14, big.NewInt(9))
+	s1 = e.fp.Add(s1, s2)
+	s2 = e.fp.MulConst(v8, big.NewInt(4))
+	s1 = e.fp.Add(s1, s2)
+	s2 = e.fp.MulConst(v10, big.NewInt(4))
+	s1 = e.fp.Add(s1, s2)
+	s2 = e.fp.MulConst(v11, big.NewInt(12))
+	s1 = e.fp.Add(s1, s2)
+	s2 = e.fp.MulConst(v13, big.NewInt(8))
+	s1 = e.fp.Add(s1, s2)
+	s2 = e.fp.MulConst(v17, big.NewInt(8))
+	s1 = e.fp.Add(s1, s2)
+	c1 = e.fp.Sub(c1, s1)
+
+	c2 := e.fp.MulConst(v15, big.NewInt(2))
+	c2 = e.fp.Add(c2, v6)
+	s1 = e.fp.MulConst(v11, big.NewInt(4))
+	c2 = e.fp.Add(c2, s1)
+	s1 = e.fp.MulConst(v13, big.NewInt(4))
+	c2 = e.fp.Add(c2, s1)
+	s1012 := e.fp.Add(v10, v12)
+	s2 = e.fp.MulConst(v7, big.NewInt(4))
+	s1 = e.fp.Add(s1012, s2)
+	s2 = e.fp.MulConst(v16, big.NewInt(8))
+	s1 = e.fp.Add(s1, s2)
+	c2 = e.fp.Sub(c2, s1)
+
+	s1 = e.fp.MulConst(v10, big.NewInt(3))
+	c3 := e.fp.Add(s811, s1)
+	s1 = e.fp.MulConst(v12, big.NewInt(2))
+	c3 = e.fp.Add(c3, s1)
+	s1 = e.fp.MulConst(v14, big.NewInt(2))
+	c3 = e.fp.Add(c3, s1)
+	s1 = e.fp.MulConst(v16, big.NewInt(3))
+	c3 = e.fp.Add(c3, s1)
+	s1 = e.fp.MulConst(v17, big.NewInt(6))
+	c3 = e.fp.Add(c3, s1)
+	s34 := e.fp.Add(v3, v4)
+	s1 = e.fp.Add(s34, v7)
+	s2 = e.fp.MulConst(v6, big.NewInt(2))
+	s1 = e.fp.Add(s1, s2)
+	s2 = e.fp.MulConst(v13, big.NewInt(3))
+	s1 = e.fp.Add(s1, s2)
+	s2 = e.fp.MulConst(v15, big.NewInt(3))
+	s1 = e.fp.Add(s1, s2)
+	c3 = e.fp.Sub(c3, s1)
+
+	c4 := e.fp.Add(v2, v15)
+	c4 = e.fp.Add(c4, v9)
+	c4 = e.fp.Add(c4, v7)
+	c4 = e.fp.Add(c4, s34)
+	s1 = e.fp.MulConst(v6, big.NewInt(2))
+	c4 = e.fp.Add(c4, s1)
+	s1 = e.fp.Add(v13, v8)
+	s2 = e.fp.MulConst(v10, big.NewInt(2))
+	s1 = e.fp.Add(s1, s2)
+	s2 = e.fp.MulConst(v11, big.NewInt(2))
+	s1 = e.fp.Add(s1, s2)
+	s2 = e.fp.MulConst(v12, big.NewInt(3))
+	s1 = e.fp.Add(s1, s2)
+	s2 = e.fp.MulConst(v14, big.NewInt(2))
+	s1 = e.fp.Add(s1, s2)
+	s2 = e.fp.MulConst(v17, big.NewInt(6))
+	s1 = e.fp.Add(s1, s2)
+	c4 = e.fp.Sub(c4, s1)
+
+	c5 := e.fp.Add(s81110, v12)
+	c5 = e.fp.Add(c5, v13)
+	c5 = e.fp.MulConst(c5, big.NewInt(2))
+	s1 = e.fp.MulConst(v14, big.NewInt(3))
+	c5 = e.fp.Add(c5, s1)
+	s1 = e.fp.MulConst(v17, big.NewInt(3))
+	c5 = e.fp.Add(c5, s1)
+	s1 = e.fp.Add(v15, v16)
+	s1 = e.fp.Add(s1, s34)
+	s1 = e.fp.Add(s1, v5)
+	s1 = e.fp.Add(s1, v9)
+	s2 = e.fp.MulConst(v6, big.NewInt(2))
+	s1 = e.fp.Add(s1, s2)
+	s2 = e.fp.MulConst(v7, big.NewInt(2))
+	s1 = e.fp.Add(s1, s2)
+	c5 = e.fp.Sub(c5, s1)
 
 	return &E6{
-		B0: *b0,
-		B1: *b1,
+		A0: *c0,
+		A1: *c1,
+		A2: *c2,
+		A3: *c3,
+		A4: *c4,
+		A5: *c5,
 	}
 }
 
-func (e Ext6) Square(x *E6) *E6 {
+func (e Ext6) mulToomCook6(x, y *E6) *E6 {
+	// Toom-Cook 6-way multiplication:
+	//
+	// Ref.: https://eprint.iacr.org/2006/471.pdf
+	// ⚠️  but has sign errors in c1 and coefficient errors in c3 and c4.
+	//
+	// We first represent a, b as the polynomials:
+	// 	x(X) = a0 + a1*X + a2*X^2 + a3*X^3 + a4*X^4 + a5*X^5
+	// 	y(X) = b0 + b1*X + b2*X^2 + b3*X^3 + b4*X^4 + b5*X^5
+	//
+	// and we compute the interpolation points
+	// vi = a(Xi)*b(Xi) at Xi={0, ±1, ±2, ±3, ±4, 5, ∞}:
+	//
+	//     v0 = x(0)y(0)   = x0y0
+	//     v1 = x(1)y(1)   = (x0 + x1 + x2 + x3 + x4 + x5)(y0 + y1 + y2 + y3 + y4 + y5)
+	//     v2 = x(-1)y(-1) = (x0 - x1 + x2 - x3 + x4 - x5)(y0 - y1 + y2 - y3 + y4 - y5)
+	//     v3 = x(2)y(2)   = (x0 + 2x1 + 4x2 + 8x3 + 16x4 + 32x5)(y0 + 2y1 + 4y2 + 8y3 + 16y4 + 32y5)
+	//     v4 = x(-2)y(-2) = (x0 - 2x1 + 4x2 - 8x3 + 16x4 - 32x5)(y0 - 2y1 + 4y2 - 8y3 + 16y4 - 32y5)
+	//     v5 = x(3)y(3)   = (x0 + 3x1 + 9x2 + 27x3 + 81x4 + 243x5)(y0 + 3y1 + 9y2 + 27y3 + 81y4 + 243y5)
+	//     v6 = x(-3)y(-3) = (x0 - 3x1 + 9x2 - 27x3 + 81x4 - 243x5)(y0 - 3y1 + 9y2 - 27y3 + 81y4 - 243y5)
+	//     v7 = x(4)y(4)   = (x0 + 4x1 + 16x2 + 64x3 + 256x4 + 1024x5)(y0 + 4y1 + 16y2 + 64y3 + 256y4 + 1024y5)
+	//     v8 = x(-4)y(-4) = (x0 - 4x1 + 16x2 - 64x3 + 256x4 - 1024x5)(y0 - 4y1 + 16y2 - 64y3 + 256y4 - 1024y5)
+	//     v9 = x(5)y(5)   = (x0 + 5x1 + 25x2 + 125x3 + 625x4 + 3125x5)(y0 + 5y1 + 25y2 + 125y3 + 625y4 + 3125y5)
+	// 	   v10 = x(∞)y(∞)  = x5y5
+
+	v0 := e.fp.Mul(&x.A0, &y.A0)
+
+	t1 := e.fp.Add(&x.A0, &x.A2)
+	t1 = e.fp.Add(t1, &x.A4)
+	s1 := e.fp.Add(&y.A0, &y.A2)
+	s1 = e.fp.Add(s1, &y.A4)
+	t2 := e.fp.Add(&x.A1, &x.A3)
+	t2 = e.fp.Add(t2, &x.A5)
+	s2 := e.fp.Add(&y.A1, &y.A3)
+	s2 = e.fp.Add(s2, &y.A5)
+
+	v1 := e.fp.Add(t1, t2)
+	s3 := e.fp.Add(s1, s2)
+	v1 = e.fp.Mul(v1, s3)
+
+	v2 := e.fp.Sub(t1, t2)
+	s3 = e.fp.Sub(s1, s2)
+	v2 = e.fp.Mul(v2, s3)
+
+	t1 = e.fp.MulConst(&x.A2, big.NewInt(4))
+	t1 = e.fp.Add(&x.A0, t1)
+	t := e.fp.MulConst(&x.A4, big.NewInt(16))
+	t1 = e.fp.Add(t1, t)
+	t2 = e.fp.MulConst(&x.A1, big.NewInt(2))
+	t = e.fp.MulConst(&x.A3, big.NewInt(8))
+	t2 = e.fp.Add(t2, t)
+	t = e.fp.MulConst(&x.A5, big.NewInt(32))
+	t2 = e.fp.Add(t2, t)
+	s1 = e.fp.MulConst(&y.A2, big.NewInt(4))
+	s1 = e.fp.Add(&y.A0, s1)
+	s := e.fp.MulConst(&y.A4, big.NewInt(16))
+	s1 = e.fp.Add(s1, s)
+	s2 = e.fp.MulConst(&y.A1, big.NewInt(2))
+	s = e.fp.MulConst(&y.A3, big.NewInt(8))
+	s2 = e.fp.Add(s2, s)
+	s = e.fp.MulConst(&y.A5, big.NewInt(32))
+	s2 = e.fp.Add(s2, s)
+
+	v3 := e.fp.Add(t1, t2)
+	s3 = e.fp.Add(s1, s2)
+	v3 = e.fp.Mul(v3, s3)
+
+	v4 := e.fp.Sub(t1, t2)
+	s3 = e.fp.Sub(s1, s2)
+	v4 = e.fp.Mul(v4, s3)
+
+	t1 = e.fp.MulConst(&x.A2, big.NewInt(9))
+	t1 = e.fp.Add(&x.A0, t1)
+	t = e.fp.MulConst(&x.A4, big.NewInt(81))
+	t1 = e.fp.Add(t1, t)
+	t2 = e.fp.MulConst(&x.A1, big.NewInt(3))
+	t = e.fp.MulConst(&x.A3, big.NewInt(27))
+	t2 = e.fp.Add(t2, t)
+	t = e.fp.MulConst(&x.A5, big.NewInt(243))
+	t2 = e.fp.Add(t2, t)
+	s1 = e.fp.MulConst(&y.A2, big.NewInt(9))
+	s1 = e.fp.Add(&y.A0, s1)
+	s = e.fp.MulConst(&y.A4, big.NewInt(81))
+	s1 = e.fp.Add(s1, s)
+	s2 = e.fp.MulConst(&y.A1, big.NewInt(3))
+	s = e.fp.MulConst(&y.A3, big.NewInt(27))
+	s2 = e.fp.Add(s2, s)
+	s = e.fp.MulConst(&y.A5, big.NewInt(243))
+	s2 = e.fp.Add(s2, s)
+
+	v5 := e.fp.Add(t1, t2)
+	s3 = e.fp.Add(s1, s2)
+	v5 = e.fp.Mul(v5, s3)
+
+	v6 := e.fp.Sub(t1, t2)
+	s3 = e.fp.Sub(s1, s2)
+	v6 = e.fp.Mul(v6, s3)
+
+	t1 = e.fp.MulConst(&x.A2, big.NewInt(16))
+	t1 = e.fp.Add(&x.A0, t1)
+	t = e.fp.MulConst(&x.A4, big.NewInt(256))
+	t1 = e.fp.Add(t1, t)
+	t2 = e.fp.MulConst(&x.A1, big.NewInt(4))
+	t = e.fp.MulConst(&x.A3, big.NewInt(64))
+	t2 = e.fp.Add(t2, t)
+	t = e.fp.MulConst(&x.A5, big.NewInt(1024))
+	t2 = e.fp.Add(t2, t)
+	s1 = e.fp.MulConst(&y.A2, big.NewInt(16))
+	s1 = e.fp.Add(&y.A0, s1)
+	s = e.fp.MulConst(&y.A4, big.NewInt(256))
+	s1 = e.fp.Add(s1, s)
+	s2 = e.fp.MulConst(&y.A1, big.NewInt(4))
+	s = e.fp.MulConst(&y.A3, big.NewInt(64))
+	s2 = e.fp.Add(s2, s)
+	s = e.fp.MulConst(&y.A5, big.NewInt(1024))
+	s2 = e.fp.Add(s2, s)
+
+	v7 := e.fp.Add(t1, t2)
+	s3 = e.fp.Add(s1, s2)
+	v7 = e.fp.Mul(v7, s3)
+
+	v8 := e.fp.Sub(t1, t2)
+	s3 = e.fp.Sub(s1, s2)
+	v8 = e.fp.Mul(v8, s3)
+
+	t1 = e.fp.MulConst(&x.A2, big.NewInt(25))
+	t1 = e.fp.Add(&x.A0, t1)
+	t = e.fp.MulConst(&x.A4, big.NewInt(625))
+	t1 = e.fp.Add(t1, t)
+	t2 = e.fp.MulConst(&x.A1, big.NewInt(5))
+	t = e.fp.MulConst(&x.A3, big.NewInt(125))
+	t2 = e.fp.Add(t2, t)
+	t = e.fp.MulConst(&x.A5, big.NewInt(3125))
+	t2 = e.fp.Add(t2, t)
+	s1 = e.fp.MulConst(&y.A2, big.NewInt(25))
+	s1 = e.fp.Add(&y.A0, s1)
+	s = e.fp.MulConst(&y.A4, big.NewInt(625))
+	s1 = e.fp.Add(s1, s)
+	s2 = e.fp.MulConst(&y.A1, big.NewInt(5))
+	s = e.fp.MulConst(&y.A3, big.NewInt(125))
+	s2 = e.fp.Add(s2, s)
+	s = e.fp.MulConst(&y.A5, big.NewInt(3125))
+	s2 = e.fp.Add(s2, s)
+	v9 := e.fp.Add(t1, t2)
+	s3 = e.fp.Add(s1, s2)
+	v9 = e.fp.Mul(v9, s3)
+
+	v10 := e.fp.Mul(&x.A5, &y.A5)
+
+	// recording common sub-expressions
+	v12 := e.fp.Add(v1, v2)
+	v34 := e.fp.Add(v3, v4)
+	v56 := e.fp.Add(v5, v6)
+	v78 := e.fp.Add(v7, v8)
+
+	//	Then we compute the product  362880 * x * y to avoid divisions (mul by large coeffs):
+	//
+	// 		c0 = 438480 v0 + 26208(v3 + v4) + 504(v7 + v8)
+	// 		- (58464(v1 + v2) + 6048(v5 + v6) + 396264960 v10)
+	c0 := e.fp.MulConst(v0, big.NewInt(438480))
+	s1 = e.fp.MulConst(v34, big.NewInt(26208))
+	c0 = e.fp.Add(c0, s1)
+	s1 = e.fp.MulConst(v78, big.NewInt(504))
+	c0 = e.fp.Add(c0, s1)
+	s1 = e.fp.MulConst(v12, big.NewInt(58464))
+	s2 = e.fp.MulConst(v56, big.NewInt(6048))
+	s1 = e.fp.Add(s1, s2)
+	s2 = e.fp.MulConst(v10, big.NewInt(396264960))
+	s1 = e.fp.Add(s1, s2)
+	c0 = e.fp.Sub(c0, s1)
+	//  	c1 = 744 v8 + 696 v9 + 49536 v4 + 39744 v5 + 380016 v1
+	//  	− (87696 v0 + 226800 v2 + 133056 v3 + 8424* v6 + 7704 v7 + 1262822400 v10)
+	c1 := e.fp.MulConst(v8, big.NewInt(744))
+	s1 = e.fp.MulConst(v9, big.NewInt(696))
+	c1 = e.fp.Add(c1, s1)
+	s1 = e.fp.MulConst(v4, big.NewInt(49536))
+	c1 = e.fp.Add(c1, s1)
+	s1 = e.fp.MulConst(v5, big.NewInt(39744))
+	c1 = e.fp.Add(c1, s1)
+	s1 = e.fp.MulConst(v1, big.NewInt(380016))
+	c1 = e.fp.Add(c1, s1)
+	s1 = e.fp.MulConst(v0, big.NewInt(87696))
+	s2 = e.fp.MulConst(v2, big.NewInt(233856))
+	s1 = e.fp.Add(s1, s2)
+	s2 = e.fp.MulConst(v3, big.NewInt(133056))
+	s1 = e.fp.Add(s1, s2)
+	s2 = e.fp.MulConst(v6, big.NewInt(8424))
+	s1 = e.fp.Add(s1, s2)
+	s2 = e.fp.MulConst(v7, big.NewInt(7704))
+	s1 = e.fp.Add(s1, s2)
+	s2 = e.fp.MulConst(v10, big.NewInt(1262822400))
+	s1 = e.fp.Add(s1, s2)
+	c1 = e.fp.Sub(c1, s1)
+	// 		c2 = 4896(v5 + v6) + 292320(v1 + v2) + 252564480 v10
+	// 		− (519120 v0 + 360(v7 + v8) + 37296(v3 + v4))
+	c2 := e.fp.MulConst(v56, big.NewInt(4896))
+	s1 = e.fp.MulConst(v12, big.NewInt(292320))
+	c2 = e.fp.Add(c2, s1)
+	s1 = e.fp.MulConst(v10, big.NewInt(252564480))
+	c2 = e.fp.Add(c2, s1)
+	s1 = e.fp.MulConst(v0, big.NewInt(519120))
+	s2 = e.fp.MulConst(v78, big.NewInt(360))
+	s1 = e.fp.Add(s1, s2)
+	s2 = e.fp.MulConst(v34, big.NewInt(37296))
+	s1 = e.fp.Add(s1, s2)
+	c2 = e.fp.Sub(c2, s1)
+	// 		c3 = 103824 v0 + 1495065600 v10 + 10728 v6 + 9180 v7 + 53760 v2 + 154392 v3
+	// 		- (55512 v4 + 47808* v5 + 940 v8 + 824* v9 + 226800* v1)
+	c3 := e.fp.MulConst(v0, big.NewInt(103824))
+	s1 = e.fp.MulConst(v10, big.NewInt(1495065600))
+	c3 = e.fp.Add(c3, s1)
+	s1 = e.fp.MulConst(v6, big.NewInt(10728))
+	c3 = e.fp.Add(c3, s1)
+	s1 = e.fp.MulConst(v7, big.NewInt(9180))
+	c3 = e.fp.Add(c3, s1)
+	s1 = e.fp.MulConst(v2, big.NewInt(53760))
+	c3 = e.fp.Add(c3, s1)
+	s1 = e.fp.MulConst(v3, big.NewInt(154392))
+	c3 = e.fp.Add(c3, s1)
+	s1 = e.fp.MulConst(v4, big.NewInt(55512))
+	s2 = e.fp.MulConst(v5, big.NewInt(47808))
+	s1 = e.fp.Add(s1, s2)
+	s2 = e.fp.MulConst(v8, big.NewInt(940))
+	s1 = e.fp.Add(s1, s2)
+	s2 = e.fp.MulConst(v9, big.NewInt(824))
+	s1 = e.fp.Add(s1, s2)
+	s2 = e.fp.MulConst(v1, big.NewInt(226800))
+	s1 = e.fp.Add(s1, s2)
+	c3 = e.fp.Sub(c3, s1)
+	// 		c4 = 171990 v0 + 42588(v3 + v4) + 441* (v7 + v8)
+	// 		− (299013120 v10 + 122976(v1 + v2) + 6048(v5 + v6))
+	c4 := e.fp.MulConst(v0, big.NewInt(171990))
+	s1 = e.fp.MulConst(v34, big.NewInt(42588))
+	c4 = e.fp.Add(c4, s1)
+	s1 = e.fp.MulConst(v78, big.NewInt(441))
+	c4 = e.fp.Add(c4, s1)
+	s1 = e.fp.MulConst(v10, big.NewInt(299013120))
+	s2 = e.fp.MulConst(v12, big.NewInt(122976))
+	s1 = e.fp.Add(s1, s2)
+	s2 = e.fp.MulConst(v56, big.NewInt(6048))
+	s1 = e.fp.Add(s1, s2)
+	c4 = e.fp.Sub(c4, s1)
+	// 		c5 = 231 v8 + 273 v9 + 3276 v4 + 8316 v2 + 14364 v5 + 49014 v1
+	// 		- (34398 v0 + 36036 v3 + 2079 v6 + 2961 v7 + 495331200 v10)
+	c5 := e.fp.MulConst(v8, big.NewInt(231))
+	s1 = e.fp.MulConst(v9, big.NewInt(273))
+	c5 = e.fp.Add(c5, s1)
+	s1 = e.fp.MulConst(v4, big.NewInt(3276))
+	c5 = e.fp.Add(c5, s1)
+	s1 = e.fp.MulConst(v2, big.NewInt(8316))
+	c5 = e.fp.Add(c5, s1)
+	s1 = e.fp.MulConst(v5, big.NewInt(14364))
+	c5 = e.fp.Add(c5, s1)
+	s1 = e.fp.MulConst(v1, big.NewInt(49014))
+	c5 = e.fp.Add(c5, s1)
+	s1 = e.fp.MulConst(v0, big.NewInt(34398))
+	s2 = e.fp.MulConst(v3, big.NewInt(36036))
+	s1 = e.fp.Add(s1, s2)
+	s2 = e.fp.MulConst(v6, big.NewInt(2079))
+	s1 = e.fp.Add(s1, s2)
+	s2 = e.fp.MulConst(v7, big.NewInt(2961))
+	s1 = e.fp.Add(s1, s2)
+	s2 = e.fp.MulConst(v10, big.NewInt(495331200))
+	s1 = e.fp.Add(s1, s2)
+	c5 = e.fp.Sub(c5, s1)
+
+	res := e.divE6By362880([6]*baseEl{c0, c1, c2, c3, c4, c5})
+	return &E6{
+		A0: *res[0],
+		A1: *res[1],
+		A2: *res[2],
+		A3: *res[3],
+		A4: *res[4],
+		A5: *res[5],
+	}
+}
 
+func (e Ext6) Square(x *E6) *E6 {
+	// We don't use Montgomery-6 or Toom-Cook-6 for the squaring but instead we
+	// simulate a quadratic over cubic extension tower because Karatsuba over
+	// Chung-Hasan SQR2 is better constraint wise.
+	//
+	// Algorithm 22 from https://eprint.iacr.org/2010/354.pdf
 	x = e.Reduce(x)
-	//Algorithm 22 from https://eprint.iacr.org/2010/354.pdf
-	c0 := e.Ext3.Sub(&x.B0, &x.B1)
-	c3 := e.Ext3.MulByNonResidue(&x.B1)
-	c3 = e.Ext3.Neg(c3)
-	c3 = e.Ext3.Add(&x.B0, c3)
-	c2 := e.Ext3.Mul(&x.B0, &x.B1)
-	c0 = e.Ext3.Mul(c0, c3)
-	c0 = e.Ext3.Add(c0, c2)
-	b1 := e.Ext3.Double(c2)
-	c2 = e.Ext3.MulByNonResidue(c2)
-	b0 := e.Ext3.Add(c0, c2)
+
+	// c0
+	x1n := e.fp.Neg(&x.A1)
+	x3n := e.fp.Neg(&x.A3)
+	c00 := e.fp.Add(&x.A0, x1n)
+	c01 := e.fp.Add(&x.A2, x3n)
+	c02 := e.fp.Sub(&x.A4, &x.A5)
+
+	// c3
+	c30 := e.fp.Add(&x.A0, e.fp.MulConst(&x.A5, big.NewInt(4)))
+	c31 := e.fp.Add(&x.A2, x1n)
+	c32 := e.fp.Add(&x.A4, x3n)
+
+	t0 := e.fp.Mul(&x.A0, &x.A1)
+	t1 := e.fp.Mul(&x.A2, &x.A3)
+	t2 := e.fp.Mul(&x.A4, &x.A5)
+	c0 := e.fp.Add(&x.A2, &x.A4)
+	tmp := e.fp.Add(&x.A3, &x.A5)
+	c0 = e.fp.Mul(c0, tmp)
+	c0 = e.fp.Sub(e.fp.Add(t1, t2), c0)
+	c0 = e.fp.MulConst(c0, big.NewInt(4))
+	tmp = e.fp.Add(&x.A0, &x.A4)
+	c2 := e.fp.Add(&x.A1, &x.A5)
+	c2 = e.fp.Mul(c2, tmp)
+	c2 = e.fp.Sub(c2, e.fp.Add(t0, t2))
+	c1 := e.fp.Add(&x.A0, &x.A2)
+	tmp = e.fp.Add(&x.A1, &x.A3)
+	c1 = e.fp.Mul(c1, tmp)
+	c1 = e.fp.Sub(c1, e.fp.Add(t0, t1))
+	t2 = e.mulFpByNonResidue(e.fp, t2)
+	// c2
+	c20 := e.fp.Add(c0, t0)
+	c21 := e.fp.Add(c1, t2)
+	c22 := e.fp.Add(c2, t1)
+
+	t0 = e.fp.Mul(c00, c30)
+	t1 = e.fp.Mul(c01, c31)
+	t2 = e.fp.Mul(c02, c32)
+	c0 = e.fp.Add(c01, c02)
+	tmp = e.fp.Add(c31, c32)
+	c0 = e.fp.Mul(c0, tmp)
+	c0 = e.fp.Sub(e.fp.Add(t1, t2), c0)
+	c0 = e.fp.MulConst(c0, big.NewInt(4))
+	tmp = e.fp.Add(c00, c02)
+	c2 = e.fp.Add(c30, c32)
+	c2 = e.fp.Mul(c2, tmp)
+	c2 = e.fp.Sub(c2, e.fp.Add(t0, t2))
+	c1 = e.fp.Add(c00, c01)
+	tmp = e.fp.Add(c30, c31)
+	c1 = e.fp.Mul(c1, tmp)
+	c1 = e.fp.Sub(c1, e.fp.Add(t0, t1))
+	t2 = e.mulFpByNonResidue(e.fp, t2)
+	c00 = e.fp.Add(c0, t0)
+	c01 = e.fp.Add(c1, t2)
+	c02 = e.fp.Add(c2, t1)
+
+	c00 = e.fp.Add(c00, c20)
+	c01 = e.fp.Add(c01, c21)
+	c02 = e.fp.Add(c02, c22)
+
+	b10 := e.fp.MulConst(c20, big.NewInt(2))
+	b11 := e.fp.MulConst(c21, big.NewInt(2))
+	b12 := e.fp.MulConst(c22, big.NewInt(2))
+
+	b00 := e.fp.Sub(c00, e.fp.MulConst(c22, big.NewInt(4)))
+	b01 := e.fp.Add(c01, c20)
+	b02 := e.fp.Add(c02, c21)
 
 	return &E6{
-		B0: *b0,
-		B1: *b1,
+		A0: *b00,
+		A1: *b10,
+		A2: *b01,
+		A3: *b11,
+		A4: *b02,
+		A5: *b12,
 	}
 }
 
@@ -112,62 +795,58 @@ func (e Ext6) CyclotomicSquareKarabina12345(x *E6) *E6 {
 	x = e.Reduce(x)
 
 	// h4 = -g4 + 3((g3+g5)(g1+c*g2)-g1g5-c*g3g2)
-	g1g5 := e.fp.Mul(&x.B0.A1, &x.B1.A2)
-	g3g2 := e.fp.Mul(&x.B1.A0, &x.B0.A2)
-	h4 := mulFpByNonResidue(e.fp, &x.B0.A2)
-	h4 = e.fp.Add(h4, &x.B0.A1)
-	t := e.fp.Add(&x.B1.A0, &x.B1.A2)
+	g1g5 := e.fp.Mul(&x.A2, &x.A5)
+	g3g2 := e.fp.Mul(&x.A1, &x.A4)
+	h4 := e.mulFpByNonResidue(e.fp, &x.A4)
+	h4 = e.fp.Add(h4, &x.A2)
+	t := e.fp.Add(&x.A1, &x.A5)
 	h4 = e.fp.Mul(h4, t)
 	h4 = e.fp.Sub(h4, g1g5)
 	t = e.fp.MulConst(g3g2, big.NewInt(4))
 	h4 = e.fp.Add(h4, t)
 	h4 = e.fp.MulConst(h4, big.NewInt(3))
-	h4 = e.fp.Sub(h4, &x.B1.A1)
+	h4 = e.fp.Sub(h4, &x.A3)
 
 	// h3 = 2(g3+3c*g1g5)
-	h3 := mulFpByNonResidue(e.fp, g1g5)
+	h3 := e.mulFpByNonResidue(e.fp, g1g5)
 	h3 = e.fp.MulConst(h3, big.NewInt(3))
-	h3 = e.fp.Add(h3, &x.B1.A0)
+	h3 = e.fp.Add(h3, &x.A1)
 	h3 = e.fp.MulConst(h3, big.NewInt(2))
 
 	// h2 = 3((g1+g5)(g1+c*g5)-(c+1)*g1g5)-2g2
-	t = mulFpByNonResidue(e.fp, &x.B1.A2)
-	t = e.fp.Add(t, &x.B0.A1)
-	h2 := e.fp.Add(&x.B1.A2, &x.B0.A1)
+	t = e.mulFpByNonResidue(e.fp, &x.A5)
+	t = e.fp.Add(t, &x.A2)
+	h2 := e.fp.Add(&x.A5, &x.A2)
 	h2 = e.fp.Mul(h2, t)
 	t = e.fp.MulConst(g1g5, big.NewInt(3))
 	h2 = e.fp.Add(h2, t)
 	h2 = e.fp.MulConst(h2, big.NewInt(3))
-	t = e.fp.MulConst(&x.B0.A2, big.NewInt(2))
+	t = e.fp.MulConst(&x.A4, big.NewInt(2))
 	h2 = e.fp.Sub(h2, t)
 
 	// h1 = 3((g3+g2)(g3+c*g2)-(c+1)*g3g2)-2g1
-	t = mulFpByNonResidue(e.fp, &x.B0.A2)
-	t = e.fp.Add(t, &x.B1.A0)
-	h1 := e.fp.Add(&x.B0.A2, &x.B1.A0)
+	t = e.mulFpByNonResidue(e.fp, &x.A4)
+	t = e.fp.Add(t, &x.A1)
+	h1 := e.fp.Add(&x.A4, &x.A1)
 	h1 = e.fp.Mul(h1, t)
 	t = e.fp.MulConst(g3g2, big.NewInt(3))
 	h1 = e.fp.Add(h1, t)
 	h1 = e.fp.MulConst(h1, big.NewInt(3))
-	t = e.fp.MulConst(&x.B0.A1, big.NewInt(2))
+	t = e.fp.MulConst(&x.A2, big.NewInt(2))
 	h1 = e.fp.Sub(h1, t)
 
 	// h5 = 2(g5+3g3g2)
 	h5 := e.fp.MulConst(g3g2, big.NewInt(3))
-	h5 = e.fp.Add(h5, &x.B1.A2)
+	h5 = e.fp.Add(h5, &x.A5)
 	h5 = e.fp.MulConst(h5, big.NewInt(2))
 
 	return &E6{
-		B0: E3{
-			A0: x.B0.A0,
-			A1: *h1,
-			A2: *h2,
-		},
-		B1: E3{
-			A0: *h3,
-			A1: *h4,
-			A2: *h5,
-		},
+		A0: x.A0,
+		A1: *h3,
+		A2: *h1,
+		A3: *h4,
+		A4: *h2,
+		A5: *h5,
 	}
 }
 
@@ -176,258 +855,36 @@ func (e Ext6) DecompressKarabina12345(x *E6) *E6 {
 	x = e.Reduce(x)
 
 	// h0 = (2g4^2 + g3g5 - 3g2g1)*c + 1
-	t0 := e.fp.Mul(&x.B0.A1, &x.B0.A2)
+	t0 := e.fp.Mul(&x.A2, &x.A4)
 	t0 = e.fp.MulConst(t0, big.NewInt(3))
-	t1 := e.fp.Mul(&x.B1.A0, &x.B1.A2)
-	h0 := e.fp.Mul(&x.B1.A1, &x.B1.A1)
+	t1 := e.fp.Mul(&x.A1, &x.A5)
+	h0 := e.fp.Mul(&x.A3, &x.A3)
 	h0 = e.fp.MulConst(h0, big.NewInt(2))
 	h0 = e.fp.Add(h0, t1)
 	h0 = e.fp.Sub(t0, h0)
 	h0 = e.fp.MulConst(h0, big.NewInt(4))
 	h0 = e.fp.Add(h0, e.fp.One())
 
+	//	a00 a01 a02 a10 a11 a12
+	//	A0  A2  A4  A1  A3  A5
 	return &E6{
-		B0: E3{
-			A0: *h0,
-			A1: x.B0.A1,
-			A2: x.B0.A2,
-		},
-		B1: x.B1,
+		A0: *h0,
+		A1: x.A1,
+		A2: x.A2,
+		A3: x.A3,
+		A4: x.A4,
+		A5: x.A5,
 	}
 }
 
-// Karabina's compressed cyclotomic square SQR2345
-// https://eprint.iacr.org/2010/542.pdf
-// Th. 3.2 with minor modifications to fit our tower
-func (e Ext6) CyclotomicSquareKarabina2345(x *E6) *E6 {
-	x = e.Reduce(x)
-	z := e.Copy(x)
-
-	var t [7]*baseEl
-
-	// t0 = g1²
-	t[0] = e.fp.Mul(&x.B0.A1, &x.B0.A1)
-	// t1 = g5²
-	t[1] = e.fp.Mul(&x.B1.A2, &x.B1.A2)
-	// t5 = g1 + g5
-	t[5] = e.fp.Add(&x.B0.A1, &x.B1.A2)
-	// t2 = (g1 + g5)²
-	t[2] = e.fp.Mul(t[5], t[5])
-
-	// t3 = g1² + g5²
-	t[3] = e.fp.Add(t[0], t[1])
-	// t5 = 2 * g1 * g5
-	t[5] = e.fp.Sub(t[3], t[2])
-
-	// t6 = g3 + g2
-	t[6] = e.fp.Add(&x.B1.A0, &x.B0.A2)
-	// t3 = (g3 + g2)²
-	t[3] = e.fp.Mul(t[6], t[6])
-	// t2 = g3²
-	t[2] = e.fp.Mul(&x.B1.A0, &x.B1.A0)
-
-	// t6 = 2 * nr * g1 * g5
-	t[6] = e.fp.MulConst(t[5], big.NewInt(4))
-	// t5 = 4 * nr * g1 * g5 + 2 * g3
-	t[5] = e.fp.Add(t[6], &x.B1.A0)
-	t[5] = e.fp.MulConst(t[5], big.NewInt(2))
-	// z3 = 6 * nr * g1 * g5 + 2 * g3
-	z.B1.A0 = *e.fp.Add(t[5], t[6])
-
-	// t4 = nr * g5²
-	t[4] = mulFpByNonResidue(e.fp, t[1])
-	// t5 = nr * g5² + g1²
-	t[5] = e.fp.Add(t[0], t[4])
-	// t6 = nr * g5² + g1² - g2
-	t[6] = e.fp.Sub(t[5], &x.B0.A2)
-
-	// t1 = g2²
-	t[1] = e.fp.Mul(&x.B0.A2, &x.B0.A2)
-
-	// t6 = 2 * nr * g5² + 2 * g1² - 2*g2
-	t[6] = e.fp.MulConst(t[6], big.NewInt(2))
-	// z2 = 3 * nr * g5² + 3 * g1² - 2*g2
-	z.B0.A2 = *e.fp.Add(t[6], t[5])
-
-	// t4 = nr * g2²
-	t[4] = mulFpByNonResidue(e.fp, t[1])
-	// t5 = g3² + nr * g2²
-	t[5] = e.fp.Add(t[2], t[4])
-	// t6 = g3² + nr * g2² - g1
-	t[6] = e.fp.Sub(t[5], &x.B0.A1)
-	// t6 = 2 * g3² + 2 * nr * g2² - 2 * g1
-	t[6] = e.fp.MulConst(t[6], big.NewInt(2))
-	// z1 = 3 * g3² + 3 * nr * g2² - 2 * g1
-	z.B0.A1 = *e.fp.Add(t[6], t[5])
-
-	// t0 = g2² + g3²
-	t[0] = e.fp.Add(t[2], t[1])
-	// t5 = 2 * g3 * g2
-	t[5] = e.fp.Sub(t[3], t[0])
-	// t6 = 2 * g3 * g2 + g5
-	t[6] = e.fp.Add(t[5], &x.B1.A2)
-	// t6 = 4 * g3 * g2 + 2 * g5
-	t[6] = e.fp.MulConst(t[6], big.NewInt(2))
-	// z5 = 6 * g3 * g2 + 2 * g5
-	z.B1.A2 = *e.fp.Add(t[5], t[6])
-
-	return z
-}
-
-// DecompressKarabina2345 decompresses Karabina's cyclotomic square result SQR2345
-// if g3 != 0
-//
-//	g4 = (E * g5^2 + 3 * g1^2 - 2 * g2)/4g3
-//
-// if g3 == 0
-//
-//	g4 = 2g1g5/g2
-//
-// if g3=g2=0 then g4=g5=g1=0 and g0=1 (x=1)
-// Theorem 3.1 is well-defined for all x in Gϕₙ\{1}
-func (e Ext6) DecompressKarabina2345(x *E6) *E6 {
-
-	x = e.Reduce(x)
-
-	var z E6
-
-	var t [3]*baseEl
-	var _t [2]*baseEl
-	one := e.fp.One()
-
-	// if g3 == 0
-	// t0 = 2 * g1 * g5
-	// t1 = g2
-	selector1 := e.fp.IsZero(&x.B1.A0)
-	_t[0] = e.fp.Mul(&x.B0.A1, &x.B0.A1)
-	_t[0] = e.fp.MulConst(_t[0], big.NewInt(2))
-	_t[1] = &x.B0.A2
-
-	// if g2 == g3 == 0
-	selector2 := e.fp.IsZero(_t[1])
-
-	// if g3 != 0
-	// t0 = E * g5^2 + 3 * g1^2 - 2 * g2
-	// t1 = 4 * g3
-	t[0] = e.fp.Mul(&x.B0.A1, &x.B0.A1)
-	t[1] = e.fp.Sub(t[0], &x.B0.A2)
-	t[1] = e.fp.MulConst(t[1], big.NewInt(2))
-	t[1] = e.fp.Add(t[1], t[0])
-	t[2] = e.fp.Mul(&x.B1.A2, &x.B1.A2)
-	t[0] = mulFpByNonResidue(e.fp, t[2])
-	t[0] = e.fp.Add(t[0], t[1])
-	t[1] = e.fp.Add(&x.B1.A0, &x.B1.A0)
-	t[1] = e.fp.MulConst(t[1], big.NewInt(2))
-
-	// g4 = (E * g5^2 + 3 * g1^2 - 2 * g2)/4g3 or (2 * g1 * g5)/g2
-	t[0] = e.fp.Select(selector1, _t[0], t[0])
-	t[1] = e.fp.Select(selector1, _t[1], t[1])
-	// g4 = dummy value, continue
-	t[1] = e.fp.Select(selector2, one, t[1])
-
-	z.B1.A1 = *e.fp.Div(t[0], t[1])
-
-	// Rest of the computation for all cases
-	// t1 = g2 * g1
-	t[1] = e.fp.Mul(&x.B0.A2, &x.B0.A1)
-	// t2 = 2 * g4² - 3 * g2 * g1
-	t[2] = e.fp.Mul(&z.B1.A1, &z.B1.A1)
-	t[2] = e.fp.Sub(t[2], t[1])
-	t[2] = e.fp.MulConst(t[2], big.NewInt(2))
-	t[2] = e.fp.Sub(t[2], t[1])
-	// t1 = g3 * g5 (g3 can be 0)
-	t[1] = e.fp.Mul(&x.B1.A0, &x.B1.A2)
-	// g0 = E * (2 * g4² + g3 * g5 - 3 * g2 * g1) + 1
-	t[2] = e.fp.Add(t[2], t[1])
-
-	z.B0.A0 = *mulFpByNonResidue(e.fp, t[2])
-	z.B0.A0 = *e.fp.Add(&z.B0.A0, one)
-
-	z.B0.A1 = x.B0.A1
-	z.B0.A2 = x.B0.A2
-	z.B1.A0 = x.B1.A0
-	z.B1.A2 = x.B1.A2
-
-	return e.Select(e.api.And(selector1, selector2), e.One(), &z)
-}
-
-// Granger-Scott's cyclotomic square
-// https://eprint.iacr.org/2009/565.pdf, 3.2
-func (e Ext6) CyclotomicSquare(x *E6) *E6 {
-	// x=(x0,x1,x2,x3,x4,x5,x6,x7) in E3⁶
-	// cyclosquare(x)=(3*x4²*u + 3*x0² - 2*x0,
-	//					3*x2²*u + 3*x3² - 2*x1,
-	//					3*x5²*u + 3*x1² - 2*x2,
-	//					6*x1*x5*u + 2*x3,
-	//					6*x0*x4 + 2*x4,
-	//					6*x2*x3 + 2*x5)
-
-	x = e.Reduce(x)
-
-	var t [9]*baseEl
-
-	t[0] = e.fp.Mul(&x.B1.A1, &x.B1.A1)
-	t[1] = e.fp.Mul(&x.B0.A0, &x.B0.A0)
-	t[6] = e.fp.Add(&x.B1.A1, &x.B0.A0)
-	t[6] = e.fp.Mul(t[6], t[6])
-	t[6] = e.fp.Sub(t[6], t[0])
-	t[6] = e.fp.Sub(t[6], t[1]) // 2*x4*x0
-	t[2] = e.fp.Mul(&x.B0.A2, &x.B0.A2)
-	t[3] = e.fp.Mul(&x.B1.A0, &x.B1.A0)
-	t[7] = e.fp.Add(&x.B0.A2, &x.B1.A0)
-	t[7] = e.fp.Mul(t[7], t[7])
-	t[7] = e.fp.Sub(t[7], t[2])
-	t[7] = e.fp.Sub(t[7], t[3]) // 2*x2*x3
-	t[4] = e.fp.Mul(&x.B1.A2, &x.B1.A2)
-	t[5] = e.fp.Mul(&x.B0.A1, &x.B0.A1)
-	t[8] = e.fp.Add(&x.B1.A2, &x.B0.A1)
-	t[8] = e.fp.Mul(t[8], t[8])
-	t[8] = e.fp.Sub(t[8], t[4])
-	t[8] = e.fp.Sub(t[5], t[8])
-	t[8] = e.fp.MulConst(t[8], big.NewInt(4)) // 2*x5*x1*u
-
-	t[0] = mulFpByNonResidue(e.fp, t[0])
-	t[0] = e.fp.Add(t[0], t[1]) // x4²*u + x0²
-	t[2] = mulFpByNonResidue(e.fp, t[2])
-	t[2] = e.fp.Add(t[2], t[3]) // x2²*u + x3²
-	t[4] = mulFpByNonResidue(e.fp, t[4])
-	t[4] = e.fp.Add(t[4], t[5]) // x5²*u + x1²
-
-	var z E6
-	z.B0.A0 = *e.fp.Sub(t[0], &x.B0.A0)
-	z.B0.A0 = *e.fp.MulConst(&z.B0.A0, big.NewInt(2))
-	z.B0.A0 = *e.fp.Add(&z.B0.A0, t[0])
-	z.B0.A1 = *e.fp.Sub(t[2], &x.B0.A1)
-	z.B0.A1 = *e.fp.MulConst(&z.B0.A1, big.NewInt(2))
-	z.B0.A1 = *e.fp.Add(&z.B0.A1, t[2])
-	z.B0.A2 = *e.fp.Sub(t[4], &x.B0.A2)
-	z.B0.A2 = *e.fp.MulConst(&z.B0.A2, big.NewInt(2))
-	z.B0.A2 = *e.fp.Add(&z.B0.A2, t[4])
-
-	z.B1.A0 = *e.fp.Add(t[8], &x.B1.A0)
-	z.B1.A0 = *e.fp.MulConst(&z.B1.A0, big.NewInt(2))
-	z.B1.A0 = *e.fp.Add(&z.B1.A0, t[8])
-	z.B1.A1 = *e.fp.Add(t[6], &x.B1.A1)
-	z.B1.A1 = *e.fp.MulConst(&z.B1.A1, big.NewInt(2))
-	z.B1.A1 = *e.fp.Add(&z.B1.A1, t[6])
-	z.B1.A2 = *e.fp.Add(t[7], &x.B1.A2)
-	z.B1.A2 = *e.fp.Add(&z.B1.A2, &z.B1.A2)
-	z.B1.A2 = *e.fp.Add(&z.B1.A2, t[7])
-
-	return &z
-}
-
 func (e Ext6) Inverse(x *E6) *E6 {
-	res, err := e.fp.NewHint(inverseE6Hint, 6, &x.B0.A0, &x.B0.A1, &x.B0.A2, &x.B1.A0, &x.B1.A1, &x.B1.A2)
+	res, err := e.fp.NewHint(inverseE6Hint, 6, &x.A0, &x.A1, &x.A2, &x.A3, &x.A4, &x.A5)
 	if err != nil {
 		// err is non-nil only for invalid number of inputs
 		panic(err)
 	}
 
-	inv := E6{
-		B0: E3{A0: *res[0], A1: *res[1], A2: *res[2]},
-		B1: E3{A0: *res[3], A1: *res[4], A2: *res[5]},
-	}
+	inv := E6{A0: *res[0], A1: *res[1], A2: *res[2], A3: *res[3], A4: *res[4], A5: *res[5]}
 	one := e.One()
 
 	// 1 == inv * x
@@ -439,16 +896,13 @@ func (e Ext6) Inverse(x *E6) *E6 {
 }
 
 func (e Ext6) DivUnchecked(x, y *E6) *E6 {
-	res, err := e.fp.NewHint(divE6Hint, 12, &x.B0.A0, &x.B0.A1, &x.B0.A2, &x.B1.A0, &x.B1.A1, &x.B1.A2, &y.B0.A0, &y.B0.A1, &y.B0.A2, &y.B1.A0, &y.B1.A1, &y.B1.A2)
+	res, err := e.fp.NewHint(divE6Hint, 12, &x.A0, &x.A1, &x.A2, &x.A3, &x.A4, &x.A5, &y.A0, &y.A1, &y.A2, &y.A3, &y.A4, &y.A5)
 	if err != nil {
 		// err is non-nil only for invalid number of inputs
 		panic(err)
 	}
 
-	div := E6{
-		B0: E3{A0: *res[0], A1: *res[1], A2: *res[2]},
-		B1: E3{A0: *res[3], A1: *res[4], A2: *res[5]},
-	}
+	div := E6{A0: *res[0], A1: *res[1], A2: *res[2], A3: *res[3], A4: *res[4], A5: *res[5]}
 
 	// x = div * y
 	_x := e.Mul(&div, y)
@@ -458,55 +912,97 @@ func (e Ext6) DivUnchecked(x, y *E6) *E6 {
 
 }
 
-func (e Ext6) Conjugate(x *E6) *E6 {
-	return &E6{
-		B0: x.B0,
-		B1: *e.Ext3.Neg(&x.B1),
+func (e Ext6) divE6By362880(x [6]*baseEl) [6]*baseEl {
+	res, err := e.fp.NewHint(divE6By362880Hint, 6, x[0], x[1], x[2], x[3], x[4], x[5])
+	if err != nil {
+		// err is non-nil only for invalid number of inputs
+		panic(err)
 	}
+
+	y0 := *res[0]
+	y1 := *res[1]
+	y2 := *res[2]
+	y3 := *res[3]
+	y4 := *res[4]
+	y5 := *res[5]
+
+	// xi == 362880 * yi
+	x0 := e.fp.MulConst(&y0, big.NewInt(362880))
+	x1 := e.fp.MulConst(&y1, big.NewInt(362880))
+	x2 := e.fp.MulConst(&y2, big.NewInt(362880))
+	x3 := e.fp.MulConst(&y3, big.NewInt(362880))
+	x4 := e.fp.MulConst(&y4, big.NewInt(362880))
+	x5 := e.fp.MulConst(&y5, big.NewInt(362880))
+	e.fp.AssertIsEqual(x[0], x0)
+	e.fp.AssertIsEqual(x[1], x1)
+	e.fp.AssertIsEqual(x[2], x2)
+	e.fp.AssertIsEqual(x[3], x3)
+	e.fp.AssertIsEqual(x[4], x4)
+	e.fp.AssertIsEqual(x[5], x5)
+
+	return [6]*baseEl{&y0, &y1, &y2, &y3, &y4, &y5}
 }
 
 func (e Ext6) AssertIsEqual(a, b *E6) {
-	e.Ext3.AssertIsEqual(&a.B0, &b.B0)
-	e.Ext3.AssertIsEqual(&a.B1, &b.B1)
+	e.fp.AssertIsEqual(&a.A0, &b.A0)
+	e.fp.AssertIsEqual(&a.A1, &b.A1)
+	e.fp.AssertIsEqual(&a.A2, &b.A2)
+	e.fp.AssertIsEqual(&a.A3, &b.A3)
+	e.fp.AssertIsEqual(&a.A4, &b.A4)
+	e.fp.AssertIsEqual(&a.A5, &b.A5)
+
 }
 
 func (e Ext6) Copy(x *E6) *E6 {
-	b0 := e.Ext3.Copy(&x.B0)
-	b1 := e.Ext3.Copy(&x.B1)
 	return &E6{
-		B0: *b0,
-		B1: *b1,
+		A0: x.A0,
+		A1: x.A1,
+		A2: x.A2,
+		A3: x.A3,
+		A4: x.A4,
+		A5: x.A5,
 	}
 }
 
 func FromE6(a *bw6761.E6) E6 {
+	// gnark-crypto uses a quadratic over cubic sextic extension of Fp.
+	// The two towers are isomorphic and the coefficients are permuted as follows:
+	// 		a00 a01 a02 a10 a11 a12
+	// 		A0  A2  A4  A1  A3  A5
 	return E6{
-		B0: FromE3(&a.B0),
-		B1: FromE3(&a.B1),
+		A0: emulated.ValueOf[emulated.BW6761Fp](a.B0.A0),
+		A1: emulated.ValueOf[emulated.BW6761Fp](a.B1.A0),
+		A2: emulated.ValueOf[emulated.BW6761Fp](a.B0.A1),
+		A3: emulated.ValueOf[emulated.BW6761Fp](a.B1.A1),
+		A4: emulated.ValueOf[emulated.BW6761Fp](a.B0.A2),
+		A5: emulated.ValueOf[emulated.BW6761Fp](a.B1.A2),
 	}
 }
 
+func (e Ext6) Select(selector frontend.Variable, z1, z0 *E6) *E6 {
+	a0 := e.fp.Select(selector, &z1.A0, &z0.A0)
+	a1 := e.fp.Select(selector, &z1.A1, &z0.A1)
+	a2 := e.fp.Select(selector, &z1.A2, &z0.A2)
+	a3 := e.fp.Select(selector, &z1.A3, &z0.A3)
+	a4 := e.fp.Select(selector, &z1.A4, &z0.A4)
+	a5 := e.fp.Select(selector, &z1.A5, &z0.A5)
+
+	return &E6{A0: *a0, A1: *a1, A2: *a2, A3: *a3, A4: *a4, A5: *a5}
+}
+
 // Frobenius set z in E6 to Frobenius(x), return z
 func (e Ext6) Frobenius(x *E6) *E6 {
 	_frobA := emulated.ValueOf[emulated.BW6761Fp]("4922464560225523242118178942575080391082002530232324381063048548642823052024664478336818169867474395270858391911405337707247735739826664939444490469542109391530482826728203582549674992333383150446779312029624171857054392282775648")
 	_frobB := emulated.ValueOf[emulated.BW6761Fp]("1968985824090209297278610739700577151397666382303825728450741611566800370218827257750865013421937292370006175842381275743914023380727582819905021229583192207421122272650305267822868639090213645505120388400344940985710520836292650")
 	_frobC := emulated.ValueOf[emulated.BW6761Fp]("4922464560225523242118178942575080391082002530232324381063048548642823052024664478336818169867474395270858391911405337707247735739826664939444490469542109391530482826728203582549674992333383150446779312029624171857054392282775649")
-	_frobAC := emulated.ValueOf[emulated.BW6761Fp]("-1")
 	_frobBC := emulated.ValueOf[emulated.BW6761Fp]("1968985824090209297278610739700577151397666382303825728450741611566800370218827257750865013421937292370006175842381275743914023380727582819905021229583192207421122272650305267822868639090213645505120388400344940985710520836292651")
 	var z E6
-	z.B0.A0 = x.B0.A0
-	z.B0.A1 = *e.fp.Mul(&x.B0.A1, &_frobA)
-	z.B0.A2 = *e.fp.Mul(&x.B0.A2, &_frobB)
-
-	z.B1.A0 = *e.fp.Mul(&x.B1.A0, &_frobC)
-	z.B1.A1 = *e.fp.Mul(&x.B1.A1, &_frobAC)
-	z.B1.A2 = *e.fp.Mul(&x.B1.A2, &_frobBC)
+	z.A0 = x.A0
+	z.A2 = *e.fp.Mul(&x.A2, &_frobA)
+	z.A4 = *e.fp.Mul(&x.A4, &_frobB)
+	z.A1 = *e.fp.Mul(&x.A1, &_frobC)
+	z.A3 = *e.fp.Neg(&x.A3)
+	z.A5 = *e.fp.Mul(&x.A5, &_frobBC)
 
 	return &z
 }
-
-func (e Ext6) Select(selector frontend.Variable, z1, z0 *E6) *E6 {
-	b0 := e.Ext3.Select(selector, &z1.B0, &z0.B0)
-	b1 := e.Ext3.Select(selector, &z1.B1, &z0.B1)
-	return &E6{B0: *b0, B1: *b1}
-}
diff --git a/std/algebra/emulated/fields_bw6761/e6_pairing.go b/std/algebra/emulated/fields_bw6761/e6_pairing.go
index 20e8a9c444..12cbf4ab41 100644
--- a/std/algebra/emulated/fields_bw6761/e6_pairing.go
+++ b/std/algebra/emulated/fields_bw6761/e6_pairing.go
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ func (e Ext6) ExpX0Minus1(z *E6) *E6 {
 	result = e.Mul(result, z33)
 	result = e.nSquareKarabina12345(result, 4)
 	result = e.Mul(result, z)
-	result = e.CyclotomicSquare(result)
+	result = e.nSquareKarabina12345(result, 1)
 	result = e.Mul(result, z)
 	result = e.nSquareKarabina12345(result, 46)
 
@@ -39,11 +39,11 @@ func (e Ext6) ExpX0Minus1Square(z *E6) *E6 {
 	z = e.Reduce(z)
 	result := e.Copy(z)
 	result = e.nSquareKarabina12345(result, 3)
-	t0 := e.CyclotomicSquare(result)
+	t0 := e.nSquareKarabina12345(result, 1)
 	t2 := e.Mul(z, t0)
 	result = e.Mul(result, t2)
 	t0 = e.Mul(z, result)
-	t1 := e.CyclotomicSquare(t0)
+	t1 := e.nSquareKarabina12345(t0, 1)
 	t1 = e.Mul(t2, t1)
 	t3 := e.nSquareKarabina12345(t1, 7)
 	t2 = e.Mul(t2, t3)
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ func (e Ext6) ExpX0Minus1Square(z *E6) *E6 {
 func (e Ext6) ExpX0Plus1(z *E6) *E6 {
 	z = e.Reduce(z)
 	result := e.Copy(z)
-	t := e.CyclotomicSquare(result)
+	t := e.nSquareKarabina12345(result, 1)
 	result = e.nSquareKarabina12345(t, 4)
 	result = e.Mul(result, z)
 	z33 := e.Copy(result)
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ func (e Ext6) ExpX0Plus1(z *E6) *E6 {
 	result = e.Mul(result, z33)
 	result = e.nSquareKarabina12345(result, 4)
 	result = e.Mul(result, z)
-	result = e.CyclotomicSquare(result)
+	result = e.nSquareKarabina12345(result, 1)
 	result = e.Mul(result, z)
 	result = e.nSquareKarabina12345(result, 46)
 	result = e.Mul(result, t)
@@ -86,10 +86,9 @@ func (e Ext6) ExpX0Plus1(z *E6) *E6 {
 func (e Ext6) ExptMinus1Div3(z *E6) *E6 {
 	z = e.Reduce(z)
 	result := e.Copy(z)
-	result = e.CyclotomicSquare(result)
-	result = e.CyclotomicSquare(result)
+	result = e.nSquareKarabina12345(result, 2)
 	result = e.Mul(result, z)
-	result = e.CyclotomicSquare(result)
+	result = e.nSquareKarabina12345(result, 1)
 	result = e.Mul(result, z)
 	t0 := e.nSquareKarabina12345(result, 7)
 	result = e.Mul(result, t0)
@@ -106,10 +105,9 @@ func (e Ext6) ExptMinus1Div3(z *E6) *E6 {
 func (e Ext6) ExpC1(z *E6) *E6 {
 	z = e.Reduce(z)
 	result := e.Copy(z)
-	result = e.CyclotomicSquare(result)
-	result = e.CyclotomicSquare(result)
+	result = e.nSquareKarabina12345(result, 2)
 	result = e.Mul(result, z)
-	result = e.CyclotomicSquare(result)
+	result = e.nSquareKarabina12345(result, 1)
 	result = e.Mul(result, z)
 
 	return result
@@ -120,150 +118,206 @@ func (e Ext6) ExpC1(z *E6) *E6 {
 // C2 = (ht**2+3*hy**2)/4 = 103
 func (e Ext6) ExpC2(z *E6) *E6 {
 	z = e.Reduce(z)
-	result := e.CyclotomicSquare(z)
+	result := e.nSquareKarabina12345(z, 1)
 	result = e.Mul(result, z)
 	t0 := e.nSquareKarabina12345(result, 4)
 	result = e.Mul(result, t0)
-	result = e.CyclotomicSquare(result)
+	result = e.nSquareKarabina12345(result, 1)
 	result = e.Mul(result, z)
 
 	return result
 }
 
-// MulBy014 multiplies z by an E6 sparse element of the form
+// MulBy023 multiplies z by an E6 sparse element of the form
 //
-//	E6{
-//		B0: E3{A0: c0, A1: c1, A2: 0},
-//		B1: E3{A0: 0,  A1: 1,  A2: 0},
-//	}
-func (e *Ext6) MulBy014(z *E6, c0, c1 *baseEl) *E6 {
+//	E6{A0: c0, A1: 0, A2: c1, A3: 1,  A4: 0,  A5: 0}
+func (e *Ext6) MulBy023(z *E6, c0, c1 *baseEl) *E6 {
 	z = e.Reduce(z)
 
-	a := e.MulBy01(&z.B0, c0, c1)
+	a := e.fp.Mul(&z.A0, c0)
+	b := e.fp.Mul(&z.A2, c1)
+	tmp := e.fp.Add(&z.A2, &z.A4)
+	a0 := e.fp.Mul(c1, tmp)
+	a0 = e.fp.Sub(b, a0)
+	a0 = e.fp.MulConst(a0, big.NewInt(4))
+	a0 = e.fp.Add(a0, a)
+	a2 := e.fp.Mul(&z.A4, c0)
+	a2 = e.fp.Add(a2, b)
+	a1 := e.fp.Add(c0, c1)
+	tmp = e.fp.Add(&z.A0, &z.A2)
+	a1 = e.fp.Mul(a1, tmp)
+	a1 = e.fp.Sub(a1, a)
+	a1 = e.fp.Sub(a1, b)
 
-	var b E3
-	// Mul by E3{0, 1, 0}
-	b.A0 = *e.fp.MulConst(&z.B1.A2, big.NewInt(4))
-	b.A2 = *e.fp.Neg(&z.B1.A1)
-	b.A1 = *e.fp.Neg(&z.B1.A0)
+	b0 := e.fp.MulConst(&z.A5, big.NewInt(4))
+	b2 := e.fp.Neg(&z.A3)
+	b1 := e.fp.Neg(&z.A1)
 
 	one := e.fp.One()
 	d := e.fp.Add(c1, one)
 
-	zC1 := e.Ext3.Add(&z.B1, &z.B0)
-	zC1 = e.Ext3.MulBy01(zC1, c0, d)
-	zC1 = e.Ext3.Sub(zC1, a)
-	zC1 = e.Ext3.Add(zC1, &b)
-	zC0 := &E3{
-		A0: *e.fp.MulConst(&b.A2, big.NewInt(4)),
-		A1: *e.fp.Neg(&b.A0),
-		A2: *e.fp.Neg(&b.A1),
-	}
+	zC10 := e.fp.Add(&z.A1, &z.A0)
+	zC11 := e.fp.Add(&z.A3, &z.A2)
+	zC12 := e.fp.Add(&z.A5, &z.A4)
+
+	a = e.fp.Mul(zC10, c0)
+	b = e.fp.Mul(zC11, d)
+	tmp = e.fp.Add(zC11, zC12)
+	t0 := e.fp.Mul(d, tmp)
+	t0 = e.fp.Sub(b, t0)
+	t0 = e.fp.MulConst(t0, big.NewInt(4))
+	t0 = e.fp.Add(t0, a)
+	t2 := e.fp.Mul(zC12, c0)
+	t2 = e.fp.Add(t2, b)
+	t1 := e.fp.Add(c0, d)
+	tmp = e.fp.Add(zC10, zC11)
+	t1 = e.fp.Mul(t1, tmp)
+	t1 = e.fp.Sub(t1, a)
+	t1 = e.fp.Sub(t1, b)
+
+	zC10 = e.fp.Sub(t0, a0)
+	zC11 = e.fp.Sub(t1, a1)
+	zC12 = e.fp.Sub(t2, a2)
 
-	zC0 = e.Ext3.Add(zC0, a)
+	zC10 = e.fp.Add(zC10, b0)
+	zC11 = e.fp.Add(zC11, b1)
+	zC12 = e.fp.Add(zC12, b2)
+
+	zC00 := e.fp.Add(a0, e.fp.MulConst(b2, big.NewInt(4)))
+	zC01 := e.fp.Sub(a1, b0)
+	zC02 := e.fp.Sub(a2, b1)
 
 	return &E6{
-		B0: *zC0,
-		B1: *zC1,
+		A0: *zC00,
+		A1: *zC10,
+		A2: *zC01,
+		A3: *zC11,
+		A4: *zC02,
+		A5: *zC12,
 	}
+
 }
 
-//	multiplies two E6 sparse element of the form:
+//	Mul023By023 multiplies two E6 sparse element of the form:
 //
-//	E6{
-//		B0: E3{A0: c0, A1: c1, A2: 0},
-//		B1: E3{A0: 0,  A1: 1,  A2: 0},
-//	}
+//	E6{A0: c0, A1: 0, A2: c1, A3: 1,  A4: 0,  A5: 0}
 //
 // and
 //
-//	E6{
-//		B0: E3{A0: d0, A1: d1, A2: 0},
-//		B1: E3{A0: 0,  A1: 1,  A2: 0},
-//	}
-func (e Ext6) Mul014By014(d0, d1, c0, c1 *baseEl) [5]*baseEl {
+//	E6{A0: c0, A1: 0, A2: c1, A3: 1,  A4: 0,  A5: 0}
+func (e Ext6) Mul023By023(d0, d1, c0, c1 *baseEl) [5]*baseEl {
 	x0 := e.fp.Mul(c0, d0)
 	x1 := e.fp.Mul(c1, d1)
 	x04 := e.fp.Add(c0, d0)
 	tmp := e.fp.Add(c0, c1)
 	x01 := e.fp.Add(d0, d1)
 	x01 = e.fp.Mul(x01, tmp)
-	x01 = e.fp.Sub(x01, x0)
-	x01 = e.fp.Sub(x01, x1)
+	tmp = e.fp.Add(x0, x1)
+	x01 = e.fp.Sub(x01, tmp)
 	x14 := e.fp.Add(c1, d1)
 
-	four := emulated.ValueOf[emulated.BW6761Fp](big.NewInt(4))
-	zC0B0 := e.fp.Sub(x0, &four)
+	minusFour := emulated.ValueOf[emulated.BW6761Fp]("6891450384315732539396789682275657542479668912536150109513790160209623422243491736087683183289411687640864567753786613451161759120554247759349511699125301598951605099378508850372543631423596795951899700429969112842764913119068295") // -4 % p
+	zC0B0 := e.fp.Add(x0, &minusFour)
 
-	return [5]*baseEl{zC0B0, x01, x1, x04, x14}
+	return [5]*baseEl{zC0B0, x01, x04, x1, x14}
 }
 
-// MulBy01245 multiplies z by an E6 sparse element of the form
+// MulBy02345 multiplies z by an E6 sparse element of the form
 //
-//	E6{
-//		B0: E3{A0: c0, A1: c1, A2: c2},
-//		B1: E3{A0: 0, A1: c4, A2: c5},
+//	E6{A0: y0, A1: 0, A2: y1, A3: y2, A4: y3, A5: y4},
 //	}
-func (e *Ext6) MulBy01245(z *E6, x [5]*baseEl) *E6 {
-	c0 := &E3{A0: *x[0], A1: *x[1], A2: *x[2]}
-	a := e.Ext3.Add(&z.B0, &z.B1)
-	b := &E3{
-		A0: c0.A0,
-		A1: *e.fp.Add(&c0.A1, x[3]),
-		A2: *e.fp.Add(&c0.A2, x[4]),
-	}
-	a = e.Ext3.Mul(a, b)
-	b = e.Ext3.Mul(&z.B0, c0)
-	c := e.Ext3.MulBy12(&z.B1, x[3], x[4])
-	z1 := e.Ext3.Sub(a, b)
-	z1 = e.Ext3.Sub(z1, c)
-	z0 := e.Ext3.MulByNonResidue(c)
-	z0 = e.Ext3.Add(z0, b)
-	return &E6{
-		B0: *z0,
-		B1: *z1,
-	}
-}
+func (e *Ext6) MulBy02345(z *E6, x [5]*baseEl) *E6 {
+	a0 := e.fp.Add(&z.A0, &z.A1)
+	a1 := e.fp.Add(&z.A2, &z.A3)
+	a2 := e.fp.Add(&z.A4, &z.A5)
 
-// Mul01245By014 multiplies two E6 sparse element of the form
-//
-//	E6{
-//		C0: E3{B0: x0, B1: x1, B2: x2},
-//		C1: E3{B0: 0,  B1: x4, B2: x5},
-//	}
-//
-//	and
-//
-//	E6{
-//		C0: E3{B0: d0, B1: d1, B2: 0},
-//		C1: E3{B0: 0,  B1: 1,  B2: 0},
-//	}
-func (e *Ext6) Mul01245By014(x [5]*baseEl, d0, d1 *baseEl) *E6 {
-	zero := e.fp.Zero()
-	c0 := &E3{A0: *x[0], A1: *x[1], A2: *x[2]}
-	b := &E3{
-		A0: *x[0],
-		A1: *e.fp.Add(x[1], x[3]),
-		A2: *e.fp.Add(x[2], x[4]),
-	}
-	a := e.Ext3.MulBy01(b, d0, e.fp.Add(d1, e.fp.One()))
-	b = e.Ext3.MulBy01(c0, d0, d1)
-	c := &E3{
-		A0: *e.fp.MulConst(x[4], big.NewInt(4)),
-		A1: *e.fp.Neg(zero),
-		A2: *e.fp.Neg(x[3]),
-	}
-	z1 := e.Ext3.Sub(a, b)
-	z1 = e.Ext3.Add(z1, c)
-	z0 := &E3{
-		A0: *e.fp.MulConst(&c.A2, big.NewInt(4)),
-		A1: *e.fp.Neg(&c.A0),
-		A2: *e.fp.Neg(&c.A1),
-	}
+	b1 := e.fp.Add(x[1], x[2])
+	b2 := e.fp.Add(x[3], x[4])
+
+	t0 := e.fp.Mul(a0, x[0])
+	t1 := e.fp.Mul(a1, b1)
+	t2 := e.fp.Mul(a2, b2)
+	c0 := e.fp.Add(a1, a2)
+	tmp := e.fp.Add(b1, b2)
+	c0 = e.fp.Mul(c0, tmp)
+	c0 = e.fp.Sub(c0, t1)
+	c0 = e.fp.Sub(t2, c0)
+	c0 = e.fp.MulConst(c0, big.NewInt(4))
+	tmp = e.fp.Add(a0, a2)
+	c2 := e.fp.Add(x[0], b2)
+	c2 = e.fp.Mul(c2, tmp)
+	c2 = e.fp.Sub(c2, t0)
+	c2 = e.fp.Sub(c2, t2)
+	c1 := e.fp.Add(a0, a1)
+	tmp = e.fp.Add(x[0], b1)
+	c1 = e.fp.Mul(c1, tmp)
+	c1 = e.fp.Sub(c1, t0)
+	c1 = e.fp.Sub(c1, t1)
+	t2 = e.mulFpByNonResidue(e.fp, t2)
+	a0 = e.fp.Add(c0, t0)
+	a1 = e.fp.Add(c1, t2)
+	a2 = e.fp.Add(c2, t1)
+
+	t0 = e.fp.Mul(&z.A0, x[0])
+	t1 = e.fp.Mul(&z.A2, x[1])
+	t2 = e.fp.Mul(&z.A4, x[3])
+	c0 = e.fp.Add(&z.A2, &z.A4)
+	tmp = e.fp.Add(x[1], x[3])
+	c0 = e.fp.Mul(c0, tmp)
+	c0 = e.fp.Sub(c0, t1)
+	c0 = e.fp.Sub(t2, c0)
+	c0 = e.fp.MulConst(c0, big.NewInt(4))
+	tmp = e.fp.Add(&z.A0, &z.A4)
+	c2 = e.fp.Add(x[0], x[3])
+	c2 = e.fp.Mul(c2, tmp)
+	c2 = e.fp.Sub(c2, t0)
+	c2 = e.fp.Sub(c2, t2)
+	c1 = e.fp.Add(&z.A0, &z.A2)
+	tmp = e.fp.Add(x[0], x[1])
+	c1 = e.fp.Mul(c1, tmp)
+	c1 = e.fp.Sub(c1, t0)
+	c1 = e.fp.Sub(c1, t1)
+	t2 = e.mulFpByNonResidue(e.fp, t2)
+	b0 := e.fp.Add(c0, t0)
+	b1 = e.fp.Add(c1, t2)
+	b2 = e.fp.Add(c2, t1)
+
+	t1 = e.fp.Mul(&z.A3, x[2])
+	t2 = e.fp.Mul(&z.A5, x[4])
+	c0 = e.fp.Add(&z.A3, &z.A5)
+	tmp = e.fp.Add(x[2], x[4])
+	c0 = e.fp.Mul(c0, tmp)
+	c0 = e.fp.Sub(c0, t1)
+	c0 = e.fp.Sub(t2, c0)
+	c0 = e.fp.MulConst(c0, big.NewInt(4))
+	c1 = e.fp.Add(&z.A1, &z.A3)
+	c1 = e.fp.Mul(c1, x[2])
+	c1 = e.fp.Sub(c1, t1)
+	tmp = e.mulFpByNonResidue(e.fp, t2)
+	c1 = e.fp.Add(c1, tmp)
+	tmp = e.fp.Add(&z.A1, &z.A5)
+	c2 = e.fp.Mul(x[4], tmp)
+	c2 = e.fp.Sub(c2, t2)
+	c2 = e.fp.Add(c2, t1)
+
+	tmp = e.fp.Add(b0, c0)
+	z10 := e.fp.Sub(a0, tmp)
+	tmp = e.fp.Add(b1, c1)
+	z11 := e.fp.Sub(a1, tmp)
+	tmp = e.fp.Add(b2, c2)
+	z12 := e.fp.Sub(a2, tmp)
+
+	z00 := e.mulFpByNonResidue(e.fp, c2)
+	z00 = e.fp.Add(z00, b0)
+	z01 := e.fp.Add(c0, b1)
+	z02 := e.fp.Add(c1, b2)
 
-	z0 = e.Ext3.Add(z0, b)
 	return &E6{
-		B0: *z0,
-		B1: *z1,
+		A0: *z00,
+		A1: *z10,
+		A2: *z01,
+		A3: *z11,
+		A4: *z02,
+		A5: *z12,
 	}
 }
diff --git a/std/algebra/emulated/fields_bw6761/e6_test.go b/std/algebra/emulated/fields_bw6761/e6_test.go
index ecf3104517..b5745e77c6 100644
--- a/std/algebra/emulated/fields_bw6761/e6_test.go
+++ b/std/algebra/emulated/fields_bw6761/e6_test.go
@@ -99,6 +99,37 @@ func TestDoubleFp6(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.NoError(err)
 }
 
+type e6MulVariants struct {
+	A, B, C E6
+}
+
+func (circuit *e6MulVariants) Define(api frontend.API) error {
+	e := NewExt6(api)
+	expected1 := *e.mulMontgomery6(&circuit.A, &circuit.B)
+	expected2 := *e.mulToomCook6(&circuit.A, &circuit.B)
+	e.AssertIsEqual(&expected1, &circuit.C)
+	e.AssertIsEqual(&expected2, &circuit.C)
+	return nil
+}
+
+func TestMulVariantsFp6(t *testing.T) {
+	assert := test.NewAssert(t)
+	// witness values
+	var a, b, c bw6761.E6
+	_, _ = a.SetRandom()
+	_, _ = b.SetRandom()
+	c.Mul(&a, &b)
+
+	witness := e6MulVariants{
+		A: FromE6(&a),
+		B: FromE6(&b),
+		C: FromE6(&c),
+	}
+
+	err := test.IsSolved(&e6MulVariants{}, &witness, ecc.BN254.ScalarField())
+	assert.NoError(err)
+}
+
 type e6Mul struct {
 	A, B, C E6
 }
@@ -245,90 +276,6 @@ func TestConjugateFp6(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.NoError(err)
 }
 
-type e6CyclotomicSquareKarabina2345 struct {
-	A, B E6
-}
-
-func (circuit *e6CyclotomicSquareKarabina2345) Define(api frontend.API) error {
-	e := NewExt6(api)
-	expected := e.CyclotomicSquareKarabina2345(&circuit.A)
-	e.AssertIsEqual(expected, &circuit.B)
-	return nil
-}
-
-func TestCyclotomicSquareKarabina2345Fp6(t *testing.T) {
-	assert := test.NewAssert(t)
-	// witness values
-	var a, b bw6761.E6
-	_, _ = a.SetRandom()
-	b.Set(&a)
-	b.CyclotomicSquareCompressed(&a)
-
-	witness := e6CyclotomicSquareKarabina2345{
-		A: FromE6(&a),
-		B: FromE6(&b),
-	}
-
-	err := test.IsSolved(&e6CyclotomicSquareKarabina2345{}, &witness, ecc.BN254.ScalarField())
-	assert.NoError(err)
-}
-
-type e6DecompressKarabina2345 struct {
-	A, B E6
-}
-
-func (circuit *e6DecompressKarabina2345) Define(api frontend.API) error {
-	e := NewExt6(api)
-	expected := e.DecompressKarabina2345(&circuit.A)
-	e.AssertIsEqual(expected, &circuit.B)
-	return nil
-}
-
-func TestDecompressKarabina2345Fp6(t *testing.T) {
-	assert := test.NewAssert(t)
-	// witness values
-	var a, b bw6761.E6
-	_, _ = a.SetRandom()
-	b.Set(&a)
-	a.DecompressKarabina(&a)
-
-	witness := e6DecompressKarabina2345{
-		A: FromE6(&b),
-		B: FromE6(&a),
-	}
-
-	err := test.IsSolved(&e6DecompressKarabina2345{}, &witness, ecc.BN254.ScalarField())
-	assert.NoError(err)
-}
-
-type e6CyclotomicSquare struct {
-	A, B E6
-}
-
-func (circuit *e6CyclotomicSquare) Define(api frontend.API) error {
-	e := NewExt6(api)
-	expected := e.CyclotomicSquare(&circuit.A)
-	e.AssertIsEqual(expected, &circuit.B)
-	return nil
-}
-
-func TestCyclotomicSquareFp6(t *testing.T) {
-	assert := test.NewAssert(t)
-	// witness values
-	var a, b bw6761.E6
-	_, _ = a.SetRandom()
-	b.Set(&a)
-	b.CyclotomicSquare(&a)
-
-	witness := e6CyclotomicSquare{
-		A: FromE6(&a),
-		B: FromE6(&b),
-	}
-
-	err := test.IsSolved(&e6CyclotomicSquare{}, &witness, ecc.BN254.ScalarField())
-	assert.NoError(err)
-}
-
 type e6Expt struct {
 	A, B E6
 }
@@ -365,20 +312,20 @@ func TestExptFp6(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.NoError(err)
 }
 
-type e6MulBy014 struct {
+type e6MulBy023 struct {
 	A    E6 `gnark:",public"`
 	W    E6
 	B, C baseEl
 }
 
-func (circuit *e6MulBy014) Define(api frontend.API) error {
+func (circuit *e6MulBy023) Define(api frontend.API) error {
 	e := NewExt6(api)
-	res := e.MulBy014(&circuit.A, &circuit.B, &circuit.C)
+	res := e.MulBy023(&circuit.A, &circuit.B, &circuit.C)
 	e.AssertIsEqual(res, &circuit.W)
 	return nil
 }
 
-func TestFp6MulBy014(t *testing.T) {
+func TestFp6MulBy023(t *testing.T) {
 
 	assert := test.NewAssert(t)
 	// witness values
@@ -391,14 +338,13 @@ func TestFp6MulBy014(t *testing.T) {
 	w.Set(&a)
 	w.MulBy014(&b, &c, &one)
 
-	witness := e6MulBy014{
+	witness := e6MulBy023{
 		A: FromE6(&a),
 		B: emulated.ValueOf[emulated.BW6761Fp](&b),
 		C: emulated.ValueOf[emulated.BW6761Fp](&c),
 		W: FromE6(&w),
 	}
 
-	err := test.IsSolved(&e6MulBy014{}, &witness, ecc.BN254.ScalarField())
+	err := test.IsSolved(&e6MulBy023{}, &witness, ecc.BN254.ScalarField())
 	assert.NoError(err)
-
 }
diff --git a/std/algebra/emulated/fields_bw6761/hints.go b/std/algebra/emulated/fields_bw6761/hints.go
index 5c100d085c..994daa0d18 100644
--- a/std/algebra/emulated/fields_bw6761/hints.go
+++ b/std/algebra/emulated/fields_bw6761/hints.go
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import (
 	"math/big"
 
 	bw6761 "github.com/consensys/gnark-crypto/ecc/bw6-761"
+	"github.com/consensys/gnark-crypto/ecc/bw6-761/fp"
 	"github.com/consensys/gnark/constraint/solver"
 	"github.com/consensys/gnark/std/math/emulated"
 )
@@ -15,108 +16,91 @@ func init() {
 // GetHints returns all hint functions used in the package.
 func GetHints() []solver.Hint {
 	return []solver.Hint{
-		// E3
-		divE3Hint,
-		inverseE3Hint,
-		// E6
 		divE6Hint,
 		inverseE6Hint,
+		divE6By362880Hint,
 	}
 }
 
-// E3
-func inverseE3Hint(nativeMod *big.Int, nativeInputs, nativeOutputs []*big.Int) error {
+func inverseE6Hint(nativeMod *big.Int, nativeInputs, nativeOutputs []*big.Int) error {
 	return emulated.UnwrapHint(nativeInputs, nativeOutputs,
 		func(mod *big.Int, inputs, outputs []*big.Int) error {
-			var a, c bw6761.E3
+			var a, c bw6761.E6
 
-			a.A0.SetBigInt(inputs[0])
-			a.A1.SetBigInt(inputs[1])
-			a.A2.SetBigInt(inputs[2])
+			a.B0.A0.SetBigInt(inputs[0])
+			a.B0.A1.SetBigInt(inputs[2])
+			a.B0.A2.SetBigInt(inputs[4])
+			a.B1.A0.SetBigInt(inputs[1])
+			a.B1.A1.SetBigInt(inputs[3])
+			a.B1.A2.SetBigInt(inputs[5])
 
 			c.Inverse(&a)
 
-			c.A0.BigInt(outputs[0])
-			c.A1.BigInt(outputs[1])
-			c.A2.BigInt(outputs[2])
-
-			return nil
-		})
-}
-
-func divE3Hint(nativeMod *big.Int, nativeInputs, nativeOutputs []*big.Int) error {
-	return emulated.UnwrapHint(nativeInputs, nativeOutputs,
-		func(mod *big.Int, inputs, outputs []*big.Int) error {
-			var a, b, c bw6761.E3
-
-			a.A0.SetBigInt(inputs[0])
-			a.A1.SetBigInt(inputs[1])
-			a.A2.SetBigInt(inputs[2])
-			b.A0.SetBigInt(inputs[3])
-			b.A1.SetBigInt(inputs[4])
-			b.A2.SetBigInt(inputs[5])
-
-			c.Inverse(&b).Mul(&c, &a)
-
-			c.A0.BigInt(outputs[0])
-			c.A1.BigInt(outputs[1])
-			c.A2.BigInt(outputs[2])
+			c.B0.A0.BigInt(outputs[0])
+			c.B0.A1.BigInt(outputs[2])
+			c.B0.A2.BigInt(outputs[4])
+			c.B1.A0.BigInt(outputs[1])
+			c.B1.A1.BigInt(outputs[3])
+			c.B1.A2.BigInt(outputs[5])
 
 			return nil
 		})
 }
 
-// E6
-func inverseE6Hint(nativeMod *big.Int, nativeInputs, nativeOutputs []*big.Int) error {
+func divE6Hint(nativeMod *big.Int, nativeInputs, nativeOutputs []*big.Int) error {
 	return emulated.UnwrapHint(nativeInputs, nativeOutputs,
 		func(mod *big.Int, inputs, outputs []*big.Int) error {
-			var a, c bw6761.E6
+			var a, b, c bw6761.E6
 
 			a.B0.A0.SetBigInt(inputs[0])
-			a.B0.A1.SetBigInt(inputs[1])
-			a.B0.A2.SetBigInt(inputs[2])
-			a.B1.A0.SetBigInt(inputs[3])
-			a.B1.A1.SetBigInt(inputs[4])
+			a.B0.A1.SetBigInt(inputs[2])
+			a.B0.A2.SetBigInt(inputs[4])
+			a.B1.A0.SetBigInt(inputs[1])
+			a.B1.A1.SetBigInt(inputs[3])
 			a.B1.A2.SetBigInt(inputs[5])
+			b.B0.A0.SetBigInt(inputs[6])
+			b.B0.A1.SetBigInt(inputs[8])
+			b.B0.A2.SetBigInt(inputs[10])
+			b.B1.A0.SetBigInt(inputs[7])
+			b.B1.A1.SetBigInt(inputs[9])
+			b.B1.A2.SetBigInt(inputs[11])
 
-			c.Inverse(&a)
+			c.Inverse(&b).Mul(&c, &a)
 
 			c.B0.A0.BigInt(outputs[0])
-			c.B0.A1.BigInt(outputs[1])
-			c.B0.A2.BigInt(outputs[2])
-			c.B1.A0.BigInt(outputs[3])
-			c.B1.A1.BigInt(outputs[4])
+			c.B0.A1.BigInt(outputs[2])
+			c.B0.A2.BigInt(outputs[4])
+			c.B1.A0.BigInt(outputs[1])
+			c.B1.A1.BigInt(outputs[3])
 			c.B1.A2.BigInt(outputs[5])
 
 			return nil
 		})
 }
 
-func divE6Hint(nativeMod *big.Int, nativeInputs, nativeOutputs []*big.Int) error {
+func divE6By362880Hint(nativeMod *big.Int, nativeInputs, nativeOutputs []*big.Int) error {
 	return emulated.UnwrapHint(nativeInputs, nativeOutputs,
 		func(mod *big.Int, inputs, outputs []*big.Int) error {
-			var a, b, c bw6761.E6
+			var a, c bw6761.E6
 
 			a.B0.A0.SetBigInt(inputs[0])
-			a.B0.A1.SetBigInt(inputs[1])
-			a.B0.A2.SetBigInt(inputs[2])
-			a.B1.A0.SetBigInt(inputs[3])
-			a.B1.A1.SetBigInt(inputs[4])
+			a.B0.A1.SetBigInt(inputs[2])
+			a.B0.A2.SetBigInt(inputs[4])
+			a.B1.A0.SetBigInt(inputs[1])
+			a.B1.A1.SetBigInt(inputs[3])
 			a.B1.A2.SetBigInt(inputs[5])
-			b.B0.A0.SetBigInt(inputs[6])
-			b.B0.A1.SetBigInt(inputs[7])
-			b.B0.A2.SetBigInt(inputs[8])
-			b.B1.A0.SetBigInt(inputs[9])
-			b.B1.A1.SetBigInt(inputs[10])
-			b.B1.A2.SetBigInt(inputs[11])
 
-			c.Inverse(&b).Mul(&c, &a)
+			var sixInv fp.Element
+			sixInv.SetString("362880")
+			sixInv.Inverse(&sixInv)
+			c.B0.MulByElement(&a.B0, &sixInv)
+			c.B1.MulByElement(&a.B1, &sixInv)
 
 			c.B0.A0.BigInt(outputs[0])
-			c.B0.A1.BigInt(outputs[1])
-			c.B0.A2.BigInt(outputs[2])
-			c.B1.A0.BigInt(outputs[3])
-			c.B1.A1.BigInt(outputs[4])
+			c.B0.A1.BigInt(outputs[2])
+			c.B0.A2.BigInt(outputs[4])
+			c.B1.A0.BigInt(outputs[1])
+			c.B1.A1.BigInt(outputs[3])
 			c.B1.A2.BigInt(outputs[5])
 
 			return nil
diff --git a/std/algebra/emulated/sw_bls12381/pairing.go b/std/algebra/emulated/sw_bls12381/pairing.go
index e180add6dc..bfe908cbd7 100644
--- a/std/algebra/emulated/sw_bls12381/pairing.go
+++ b/std/algebra/emulated/sw_bls12381/pairing.go
@@ -447,8 +447,7 @@ func (pr Pairing) doubleAndAddStep(p1, p2 *g2AffP) (*g2AffP, *lineEvaluation, *l
 
 	// compute x3 =λ1²-x1-x2
 	x3 := pr.Ext2.Square(l1)
-	x3 = pr.Ext2.Sub(x3, &p1.X)
-	x3 = pr.Ext2.Sub(x3, &p2.X)
+	x3 = pr.Ext2.Sub(x3, pr.Ext2.Add(&p1.X, &p2.X))
 
 	// omit y3 computation
 
@@ -466,8 +465,7 @@ func (pr Pairing) doubleAndAddStep(p1, p2 *g2AffP) (*g2AffP, *lineEvaluation, *l
 
 	// compute x4 = λ2²-x1-x3
 	x4 := pr.Ext2.Square(l2)
-	x4 = pr.Ext2.Sub(x4, &p1.X)
-	x4 = pr.Ext2.Sub(x4, x3)
+	x4 = pr.Ext2.Sub(x4, pr.Ext2.Add(&p1.X, x3))
 
 	// compute y4 = λ2(x1 - x4)-y1
 	y4 := pr.Ext2.Sub(&p1.X, x4)
@@ -501,8 +499,7 @@ func (pr Pairing) doubleStep(p1 *g2AffP) (*g2AffP, *lineEvaluation) {
 
 	// xr = λ²-2x
 	xr := pr.Ext2.Square(λ)
-	xr = pr.Ext2.Sub(xr, &p1.X)
-	xr = pr.Ext2.Sub(xr, &p1.X)
+	xr = pr.Ext2.Sub(xr, pr.Ext2.MulByConstElement(&p1.X, big.NewInt(2)))
 
 	// yr = λ(x-xr)-y
 	yr := pr.Ext2.Sub(&p1.X, xr)
@@ -540,8 +537,7 @@ func (pr Pairing) tripleStep(p1 *g2AffP) (*g2AffP, *lineEvaluation, *lineEvaluat
 
 	// x2 = λ1²-2x
 	x2 := pr.Ext2.Square(λ1)
-	x2 = pr.Ext2.Sub(x2, &p1.X)
-	x2 = pr.Ext2.Sub(x2, &p1.X)
+	x2 = pr.Ext2.Sub(x2, pr.Ext2.MulByConstElement(&p1.X, big.NewInt(2)))
 
 	// ommit yr computation, and
 	// compute λ2 = 2y/(x2 − x) − λ1.
diff --git a/std/algebra/emulated/sw_bw6761/pairing.go b/std/algebra/emulated/sw_bw6761/pairing.go
index d5b0ac4fa7..b6fb462139 100644
--- a/std/algebra/emulated/sw_bw6761/pairing.go
+++ b/std/algebra/emulated/sw_bw6761/pairing.go
@@ -26,16 +26,12 @@ type GTEl = fields_bw6761.E6
 
 func NewGTEl(v bw6761.GT) GTEl {
 	return GTEl{
-		B0: fields_bw6761.E3{
-			A0: emulated.ValueOf[BaseField](v.B0.A0),
-			A1: emulated.ValueOf[BaseField](v.B0.A1),
-			A2: emulated.ValueOf[BaseField](v.B0.A2),
-		},
-		B1: fields_bw6761.E3{
-			A0: emulated.ValueOf[BaseField](v.B1.A0),
-			A1: emulated.ValueOf[BaseField](v.B1.A1),
-			A2: emulated.ValueOf[BaseField](v.B1.A2),
-		},
+		A0: emulated.ValueOf[BaseField](v.B0.A0),
+		A1: emulated.ValueOf[BaseField](v.B1.A0),
+		A2: emulated.ValueOf[BaseField](v.B0.A1),
+		A3: emulated.ValueOf[BaseField](v.B1.A1),
+		A4: emulated.ValueOf[BaseField](v.B0.A2),
+		A5: emulated.ValueOf[BaseField](v.B1.A2),
 	}
 }
 
@@ -100,7 +96,8 @@ func (pr Pairing) FinalExponentiation(z *GTEl) *GTEl {
 	a = pr.Mul(a, pr.Frobenius(result))
 	b := pr.ExpX0Plus1(a)
 	b = pr.Mul(b, pr.Conjugate(result))
-	t := pr.CyclotomicSquare(a)
+	t := pr.CyclotomicSquareKarabina12345(a)
+	t = pr.DecompressKarabina12345(t)
 	a = pr.Mul(a, t)
 	c := pr.ExptMinus1Div3(b)
 	d := pr.ExpX0Minus1(c)
@@ -116,7 +113,8 @@ func (pr Pairing) FinalExponentiation(z *GTEl) *GTEl {
 	i = pr.Mul(i, pr.Conjugate(f))
 	j := pr.ExpC1(h)
 	j = pr.Mul(j, e)
-	k := pr.CyclotomicSquare(j)
+	k := pr.CyclotomicSquareKarabina12345(j)
+	k = pr.DecompressKarabina12345(k)
 	k = pr.Mul(k, j)
 	k = pr.Mul(k, b)
 	t = pr.ExpC2(i)
@@ -300,57 +298,38 @@ func (pr Pairing) millerLoopLines(P []*G1Affine, lines []lineEvaluations) (*GTEl
 	// i = 188
 	// k = 0
 	result = &fields_bw6761.E6{
-		B0: fields_bw6761.E3{
-			A0: *pr.curveF.Mul(&lines[0][0][188].R1, yInv[0]),
-			A1: *pr.curveF.Mul(&lines[0][0][188].R0, xNegOverY[0]),
-			A2: result.B0.A2,
-		},
-		B1: fields_bw6761.E3{
-			A0: result.B1.A0,
-			A1: *pr.curveF.One(),
-			A2: result.B1.A2,
-		},
+		A0: *pr.curveF.Mul(&lines[0][0][188].R1, yInv[0]),
+		A1: result.A1,
+		A2: *pr.curveF.Mul(&lines[0][0][188].R0, xNegOverY[0]),
+		A3: *pr.curveF.One(),
+		A4: result.A4,
+		A5: result.A5,
 	}
 
 	if n >= 2 {
-		// k = 1, separately to avoid MulBy014 (res × ℓ)
-		// (res is also a line at this point, so we use Mul014By014 ℓ × ℓ)
-		prodLines = pr.Mul014By014(
+		// k = 1, separately to avoid MulBy023 (res × ℓ)
+		// (res is also a line at this point, so we use Mul023By023 ℓ × ℓ)
+		prodLines = pr.Mul023By023(
 			pr.curveF.Mul(&lines[1][0][188].R1, yInv[1]),
 			pr.curveF.Mul(&lines[1][0][188].R0, xNegOverY[1]),
-			&result.B0.A0,
-			&result.B0.A1,
+			&result.A0,
+			&result.A2,
 		)
 		result = &fields_bw6761.E6{
-			B0: fields_bw6761.E3{
-				A0: *prodLines[0],
-				A1: *prodLines[1],
-				A2: *prodLines[2],
-			},
-			B1: fields_bw6761.E3{
-				A0: result.B1.A0,
-				A1: *prodLines[3],
-				A2: *prodLines[4],
-			},
+			A0: *prodLines[0],
+			A1: result.A1,
+			A2: *prodLines[1],
+			A3: *prodLines[2],
+			A4: *prodLines[3],
+			A5: *prodLines[4],
 		}
 	}
 
-	if n >= 3 {
-		// k = 2, separately to avoid MulBy014 (res × ℓ)
-		// (res has a zero E2 element, so we use Mul01245By014)
-		result = pr.Mul01245By014(
-			prodLines,
-			pr.curveF.Mul(&lines[2][0][188].R1, yInv[2]),
-			pr.curveF.Mul(&lines[2][0][188].R0, xNegOverY[2]),
+	for k := 2; k < n; k++ {
+		result = pr.MulBy023(result,
+			pr.curveF.Mul(&lines[k][0][188].R1, yInv[k]),
+			pr.curveF.Mul(&lines[k][0][188].R0, xNegOverY[k]),
 		)
-
-		// k >= 3
-		for k := 3; k < n; k++ {
-			result = pr.MulBy014(result,
-				pr.curveF.Mul(&lines[k][0][188].R1, yInv[k]),
-				pr.curveF.Mul(&lines[k][0][188].R0, xNegOverY[k]),
-			)
-		}
 	}
 
 	for i := 187; i >= 0; i-- {
@@ -360,33 +339,33 @@ func (pr Pairing) millerLoopLines(P []*G1Affine, lines []lineEvaluations) (*GTEl
 
 		if i > 0 && loopCounter2[i]*3+loopCounter1[i] != 0 {
 			for k := 0; k < n; k++ {
-				prodLines = pr.Mul014By014(
+				prodLines = pr.Mul023By023(
 					pr.curveF.Mul(&lines[k][0][i].R1, yInv[k]),
 					pr.curveF.Mul(&lines[k][0][i].R0, xNegOverY[k]),
 					pr.curveF.Mul(&lines[k][1][i].R1, yInv[k]),
 					pr.curveF.Mul(&lines[k][1][i].R0, xNegOverY[k]),
 				)
-				result = pr.MulBy01245(result, prodLines)
+				result = pr.MulBy02345(result, prodLines)
 			}
 		} else {
 			// if number of lines is odd, mul last line by res
 			// works for n=1 as well
 			if n%2 != 0 {
 				// ℓ × res
-				result = pr.MulBy014(result,
+				result = pr.MulBy023(result,
 					pr.curveF.Mul(&lines[n-1][0][i].R1, yInv[n-1]),
 					pr.curveF.Mul(&lines[n-1][0][i].R0, xNegOverY[n-1]),
 				)
 			}
 			// mul lines 2-by-2
 			for k := 1; k < n; k += 2 {
-				prodLines = pr.Mul014By014(
+				prodLines = pr.Mul023By023(
 					pr.curveF.Mul(&lines[k][0][i].R1, yInv[k]),
 					pr.curveF.Mul(&lines[k][0][i].R0, xNegOverY[k]),
 					pr.curveF.Mul(&lines[k-1][0][i].R1, yInv[k-1]),
 					pr.curveF.Mul(&lines[k-1][0][i].R0, xNegOverY[k-1]),
 				)
-				result = pr.MulBy01245(result, prodLines)
+				result = pr.MulBy02345(result, prodLines)
 			}
 		}
 	}
diff --git a/std/algebra/emulated/sw_emulated/point.go b/std/algebra/emulated/sw_emulated/point.go
index 6e2fe62afd..7e308f649d 100644
--- a/std/algebra/emulated/sw_emulated/point.go
+++ b/std/algebra/emulated/sw_emulated/point.go
@@ -804,7 +804,6 @@ func (c *Curve[B, S]) jointScalarMulGeneric(p1, p2 *AffinePoint[B], s1, s2 *emul
 		panic(fmt.Sprintf("parse opts: %v", err))
 	}
 	if cfg.CompleteArithmetic {
-		// TODO @yelhousni: optimize
 		res1 := c.scalarMulGeneric(p1, s1, opts...)
 		res2 := c.scalarMulGeneric(p2, s2, opts...)
 		return c.AddUnified(res1, res2)
@@ -861,7 +860,6 @@ func (c *Curve[B, S]) jointScalarMulGLV(p1, p2 *AffinePoint[B], s1, s2 *emulated
 		panic(fmt.Sprintf("parse opts: %v", err))
 	}
 	if cfg.CompleteArithmetic {
-		// TODO @yelhousni: optimize
 		res1 := c.scalarMulGLV(p1, s1, opts...)
 		res2 := c.scalarMulGLV(p2, s2, opts...)
 		return c.AddUnified(res1, res2)
diff --git a/std/algebra/native/fields_bls12377/e12.go b/std/algebra/native/fields_bls12377/e12.go
index 73c2050ee9..e23b8ea5aa 100644
--- a/std/algebra/native/fields_bls12377/e12.go
+++ b/std/algebra/native/fields_bls12377/e12.go
@@ -176,7 +176,7 @@ func (e *E12) Square(api frontend.API, x E12) *E12 {
 	c3.Sub(api, x.C0, c3)
 	c2.Mul(api, x.C0, x.C1)
 	c0.Mul(api, c0, c3).Add(api, c0, c2)
-	e.C1.Add(api, c2, c2)
+	e.C1.Double(api, c2)
 	c2.MulByNonResidue(api, c2)
 	e.C0.Add(api, c0, c2)
 
@@ -423,13 +423,13 @@ func (e *E12) CyclotomicSquare(api frontend.API, x E12) *E12 {
 	t[2].MulByNonResidue(api, t[2]).Add(api, t[2], t[3]) // x2²*u + x3²
 	t[4].MulByNonResidue(api, t[4]).Add(api, t[4], t[5]) // x5²*u + x1²
 
-	e.C0.B0.Sub(api, t[0], x.C0.B0).Add(api, e.C0.B0, e.C0.B0).Add(api, e.C0.B0, t[0])
-	e.C0.B1.Sub(api, t[2], x.C0.B1).Add(api, e.C0.B1, e.C0.B1).Add(api, e.C0.B1, t[2])
-	e.C0.B2.Sub(api, t[4], x.C0.B2).Add(api, e.C0.B2, e.C0.B2).Add(api, e.C0.B2, t[4])
+	e.C0.B0.Sub(api, t[0], x.C0.B0).Double(api, e.C0.B0).Add(api, e.C0.B0, t[0])
+	e.C0.B1.Sub(api, t[2], x.C0.B1).Double(api, e.C0.B1).Add(api, e.C0.B1, t[2])
+	e.C0.B2.Sub(api, t[4], x.C0.B2).Double(api, e.C0.B2).Add(api, e.C0.B2, t[4])
 
-	e.C1.B0.Add(api, t[8], x.C1.B0).Add(api, e.C1.B0, e.C1.B0).Add(api, e.C1.B0, t[8])
-	e.C1.B1.Add(api, t[6], x.C1.B1).Add(api, e.C1.B1, e.C1.B1).Add(api, e.C1.B1, t[6])
-	e.C1.B2.Add(api, t[7], x.C1.B2).Add(api, e.C1.B2, e.C1.B2).Add(api, e.C1.B2, t[7])
+	e.C1.B0.Add(api, t[8], x.C1.B0).Double(api, e.C1.B0).Add(api, e.C1.B0, t[8])
+	e.C1.B1.Add(api, t[6], x.C1.B1).Double(api, e.C1.B1).Add(api, e.C1.B1, t[6])
+	e.C1.B2.Add(api, t[7], x.C1.B2).Double(api, e.C1.B2).Add(api, e.C1.B2, t[7])
 
 	return e
 }
diff --git a/std/algebra/native/fields_bls12377/e12_pairing.go b/std/algebra/native/fields_bls12377/e12_pairing.go
index a98616c84d..a4895b425d 100644
--- a/std/algebra/native/fields_bls12377/e12_pairing.go
+++ b/std/algebra/native/fields_bls12377/e12_pairing.go
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ func (e *E12) nSquareKarabina2345(api frontend.API, n int) {
 	for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
 		e.CyclotomicSquareKarabina2345(api, *e)
 	}
+	e.DecompressKarabina2345(api, *e)
 }
 
 // nSquareKarabina12345 repeated compressed cyclotmic square
@@ -14,6 +15,7 @@ func (e *E12) nSquareKarabina12345(api frontend.API, n int) {
 	for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
 		e.CyclotomicSquareKarabina12345(api, *e)
 	}
+	e.DecompressKarabina12345(api, *e)
 }
 
 // Square034 squares a sparse element in Fp12
@@ -129,19 +131,15 @@ func (e *E12) ExpX0(api frontend.API, e1 E12) *E12 {
 	res := e1
 
 	res.nSquareKarabina2345(api, 5)
-	res.DecompressKarabina2345(api, res)
 	res.Mul(api, res, e1)
 	x33 := res
 	res.nSquareKarabina2345(api, 7)
-	res.DecompressKarabina2345(api, res)
 	res.Mul(api, res, x33)
 	res.nSquareKarabina2345(api, 4)
-	res.DecompressKarabina2345(api, res)
 	res.Mul(api, res, e1)
 	res.CyclotomicSquare(api, res)
 	res.Mul(api, res, e1)
 	res.nSquareKarabina2345(api, 46)
-	res.DecompressKarabina2345(api, res)
 	res.Mul(api, res, e1)
 
 	*e = res
@@ -157,7 +155,6 @@ func (e *E12) ExpX0Minus1Square(api frontend.API, e1 E12) *E12 {
 
 	res = e1
 	res.nSquareKarabina12345(api, 3)
-	res.DecompressKarabina12345(api, res)
 	t0.CyclotomicSquare(api, res)
 	t2.Mul(api, e1, t0)
 	res.Mul(api, res, t2)
@@ -166,20 +163,15 @@ func (e *E12) ExpX0Minus1Square(api frontend.API, e1 E12) *E12 {
 	t1.Mul(api, t2, t1)
 	t3 = t1
 	t3.nSquareKarabina2345(api, 7)
-	t3.DecompressKarabina2345(api, t3)
 	t2.Mul(api, t2, t3)
 	t2.nSquareKarabina2345(api, 11)
-	t2.DecompressKarabina2345(api, t2)
 	t1.Mul(api, t1, t2)
 	t0.Mul(api, t0, t1)
 	t0.nSquareKarabina2345(api, 7)
-	t0.DecompressKarabina2345(api, t0)
 	res.Mul(api, res, t0)
 	res.nSquareKarabina12345(api, 3)
-	res.DecompressKarabina12345(api, res)
-	res.Mul(api, e1, res)
-	res.nSquareKarabina2345(api, 92)
-	e.DecompressKarabina2345(api, res)
+	e.Mul(api, e1, res)
+	e.nSquareKarabina2345(api, 92)
 
 	return e
 
diff --git a/std/algebra/native/fields_bls12377/e2.go b/std/algebra/native/fields_bls12377/e2.go
index fd6f99ecde..1a8390367c 100644
--- a/std/algebra/native/fields_bls12377/e2.go
+++ b/std/algebra/native/fields_bls12377/e2.go
@@ -83,13 +83,11 @@ func (e *E2) Sub(api frontend.API, e1, e2 E2) *E2 {
 // Mul e2 elmts
 func (e *E2) Mul(api frontend.API, e1, e2 E2) *E2 {
 
-	// 1C
 	l1 := api.Add(e1.A0, e1.A1)
 	l2 := api.Add(e2.A0, e2.A1)
 
 	u := api.Mul(l1, l2)
 
-	// 2C
 	ac := api.Mul(e1.A0, e2.A0)
 	bd := api.Mul(e1.A1, e2.A1)
 
@@ -111,9 +109,9 @@ func (e *E2) Square(api frontend.API, x E2) *E2 {
 
 	c0 = api.Mul(c0, c2) // (x1+x2)*(x1+(u**2)x2)
 	c2 = api.Mul(x.A0, x.A1)
-	c2 = api.Add(c2, c2)
+	c2 = api.Mul(c2, 2)
 	e.A1 = c2
-	c2 = api.Add(c2, c2)
+	c2 = api.Mul(c2, 2)
 	e.A0 = api.Add(c0, c2)
 
 	return e
diff --git a/std/algebra/native/fields_bls12377/e6.go b/std/algebra/native/fields_bls12377/e6.go
index 4ea19f9e25..b9af8c4f41 100644
--- a/std/algebra/native/fields_bls12377/e6.go
+++ b/std/algebra/native/fields_bls12377/e6.go
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 You may obtain a copy of the License at
 
-    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 
 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
@@ -17,9 +17,11 @@ limitations under the License.
 package fields_bls12377
 
 import (
-	bls12377 "github.com/consensys/gnark-crypto/ecc/bls12-377"
+	"math/big"
 
+	bls12377 "github.com/consensys/gnark-crypto/ecc/bls12-377"
 	"github.com/consensys/gnark/frontend"
+	"github.com/consensys/gnark/internal/frontendtype"
 )
 
 // E6 element in a quadratic extension
@@ -52,6 +54,14 @@ func (e *E6) assign(e1 []frontend.Variable) {
 	e.B2.A1 = e1[5]
 }
 
+// Double e6 elmt
+func (e *E6) Double(api frontend.API, e1 E6) *E6 {
+	e.B0.Double(api, e1.B0)
+	e.B1.Double(api, e1.B1)
+	e.B2.Double(api, e1.B2)
+	return e
+}
+
 // Add creates a fp6elmt from fp elmts
 func (e *E6) Add(api frontend.API, e1, e2 E6) *E6 {
 
@@ -89,10 +99,21 @@ func (e *E6) Neg(api frontend.API, e1 E6) *E6 {
 	return e
 }
 
-// Mul creates a fp6elmt from fp elmts
-// icube is the imaginary elmt to the cube
+// Mul multiplies two E6 elmts
 func (e *E6) Mul(api frontend.API, e1, e2 E6) *E6 {
+	if ft, ok := api.(frontendtype.FrontendTyper); ok {
+		switch ft.FrontendType() {
+		case frontendtype.R1CS:
+			return e.mulToom3OverKaratsuba(api, e1, e2)
+		case frontendtype.SCS:
+			return e.mulKaratsubaOverKaratsuba(api, e1, e2)
+		}
+	}
+	return e.mulKaratsubaOverKaratsuba(api, e1, e2)
+}
 
+func (e *E6) mulKaratsubaOverKaratsuba(api frontend.API, e1, e2 E6) *E6 {
+	// Karatsuba over Karatsuba:
 	// Algorithm 13 from https://eprint.iacr.org/2010/354.pdf
 	var t0, t1, t2, c0, c1, c2, tmp E2
 	t0.Mul(api, e1.B0, e2.B0)
@@ -101,16 +122,26 @@ func (e *E6) Mul(api frontend.API, e1, e2 E6) *E6 {
 
 	c0.Add(api, e1.B1, e1.B2)
 	tmp.Add(api, e2.B1, e2.B2)
-	c0.Mul(api, c0, tmp).Sub(api, c0, t1).Sub(api, c0, t2).MulByNonResidue(api, c0).Add(api, c0, t0)
+	c0.Mul(api, c0, tmp).
+		Sub(api, c0, t1).
+		Sub(api, c0, t2).
+		MulByNonResidue(api, c0).
+		Add(api, c0, t0)
 
 	c1.Add(api, e1.B0, e1.B1)
 	tmp.Add(api, e2.B0, e2.B1)
-	c1.Mul(api, c1, tmp).Sub(api, c1, t0).Sub(api, c1, t1)
+	c1.Mul(api, c1, tmp).
+		Sub(api, c1, t0).
+		Sub(api, c1, t1)
 	tmp.MulByNonResidue(api, t2)
 	c1.Add(api, c1, tmp)
 
 	tmp.Add(api, e1.B0, e1.B2)
-	c2.Add(api, e2.B0, e2.B2).Mul(api, c2, tmp).Sub(api, c2, t0).Sub(api, c2, t2).Add(api, c2, t1)
+	c2.Add(api, e2.B0, e2.B2).
+		Mul(api, c2, tmp).
+		Sub(api, c2, t0).
+		Sub(api, c2, t2).
+		Add(api, c2, t1)
 
 	e.B0 = c0
 	e.B1 = c1
@@ -119,6 +150,94 @@ func (e *E6) Mul(api frontend.API, e1, e2 E6) *E6 {
 	return e
 }
 
+func (e *E6) mulToom3OverKaratsuba(api frontend.API, e1, e2 E6) *E6 {
+	// Toom-Cook-3x over Karatsuba:
+	// We start by computing five interpolation points – these are evaluations of
+	// the product x(u)y(u) with u ∈ {0, ±1, 2, ∞}:
+	//
+	// v0 = x(0)y(0) = x.A0 * y.A0
+	// v1 = x(1)y(1) = (x.A0 + x.A1 + x.A2)(y.A0 + y.A1 + y.A2)
+	// v2 = x(−1)y(−1) = (x.A0 − x.A1 + x.A2)(y.A0 − y.A1 + y.A2)
+	// v3 = x(2)y(2) = (x.A0 + 2x.A1 + 4x.A2)(y.A0 + 2y.A1 + 4y.A2)
+	// v4 = x(∞)y(∞) = x.A2 * y.A2
+	var v0, v1, v2, v3, v4, t1, t2, t3 E2
+
+	v0.Mul(api, e1.B0, e2.B0)
+
+	t1.Add(api, e1.B0, e1.B2)
+	t2.Add(api, e2.B0, e2.B2)
+	t3.Add(api, t2, e2.B1)
+	v1.Add(api, t1, e1.B1)
+	v1.Mul(api, v1, t3)
+
+	t3.Sub(api, t2, e2.B1)
+	v2.Sub(api, t1, e1.B1)
+	v2.Mul(api, v2, t3)
+
+	t1.MulByFp(api, e1.B1, big.NewInt(2))
+	t2.MulByFp(api, e1.B2, big.NewInt(4))
+	v3.Add(api, t1, t2)
+	v3.Add(api, v3, e1.B0)
+	t1.MulByFp(api, e2.B1, big.NewInt(2))
+	t2.MulByFp(api, e2.B2, big.NewInt(4))
+	t3.Add(api, t1, t2)
+	t3.Add(api, t3, e2.B0)
+	v3.Mul(api, v3, t3)
+
+	v4.Mul(api, e1.B2, e2.B2)
+
+	// Then the interpolation is performed as:
+	//
+	// a0 = v0 + β((1/2)v0 − (1/2)v1 − (1/6)v2 + (1/6)v3 − 2v4)
+	// a1 = −(1/2)v0 + v1 − (1/3)v2 − (1/6)v3 + 2v4 + βv4
+	// a2 = −v0 + (1/2)v1 + (1/2)v2 − v4
+	//
+	// where β is the cubic non-residue.
+	//
+	// In-circuit, we compute 6*x*y as
+	// c0 = 6v0 + β(3v0 − 3v1 − v2 + v3 − 12v4)
+	// a1 = -(3v0 + 2v2 + v3) + 6(v1 + 2v4 + βv4)
+	// a2 = 3(v1 + v2 - 2(v0 + v4))
+	//
+	// and then divide a0, a1 and a2 by 6 using a hint.
+	var a0, a1, a2 E2
+	a0.MulByFp(api, v0, big.NewInt(6))
+	t1.Sub(api, v0, v1)
+	t1.MulByFp(api, t1, big.NewInt(3))
+	t1.Sub(api, t1, v2)
+	t1.Add(api, t1, v3)
+	t2.MulByFp(api, v4, big.NewInt(12))
+	t1.Sub(api, t1, t2)
+	t1.MulByNonResidue(api, t1)
+	a0.Add(api, a0, t1)
+
+	a1.MulByFp(api, v0, big.NewInt(3))
+	t1.MulByFp(api, v2, big.NewInt(2))
+	a1.Add(api, a1, t1)
+	a1.Add(api, a1, v3)
+	t1.MulByFp(api, v4, big.NewInt(2))
+	t1.Add(api, t1, v1)
+	t2.MulByNonResidue(api, v4)
+	t1.Add(api, t1, t2)
+	t1.MulByFp(api, t1, big.NewInt(6))
+	a1.Sub(api, t1, a1)
+
+	a2.Add(api, v1, v2)
+	a2.MulByFp(api, a2, big.NewInt(3))
+	t1.Add(api, v0, v4)
+	t1.MulByFp(api, t1, big.NewInt(6))
+	a2.Sub(api, a2, t1)
+
+	e.B0.A0 = api.Div(a0.A0, 6)
+	e.B0.A1 = api.Div(a0.A1, 6)
+	e.B1.A0 = api.Div(a1.A0, 6)
+	e.B1.A1 = api.Div(a1.A1, 6)
+	e.B2.A0 = api.Div(a2.A0, 6)
+	e.B2.A1 = api.Div(a2.A1, 6)
+
+	return e
+}
+
 func (e *E6) Mul0By01(api frontend.API, a0, b0, b1 E2) *E6 {
 
 	var t0, c1 E2
diff --git a/std/algebra/native/fields_bls12377/e6_test.go b/std/algebra/native/fields_bls12377/e6_test.go
index 60e849605e..9024377490 100644
--- a/std/algebra/native/fields_bls12377/e6_test.go
+++ b/std/algebra/native/fields_bls12377/e6_test.go
@@ -122,6 +122,42 @@ func TestMulFp6(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.CheckCircuit(&circuit, test.WithValidAssignment(&witness), test.WithCurves(ecc.BW6_761))
 }
 
+type fp6MulVariants struct {
+	A, B E6
+	C    E6 `gnark:",public"`
+}
+
+func (circuit *fp6MulVariants) Define(api frontend.API) error {
+	expected1 := E6{}
+	expected2 := E6{}
+
+	expected1.mulKaratsubaOverKaratsuba(api, circuit.A, circuit.B)
+	expected2.mulToom3OverKaratsuba(api, circuit.A, circuit.B)
+
+	expected1.AssertIsEqual(api, circuit.C)
+	expected2.AssertIsEqual(api, circuit.C)
+	return nil
+}
+
+func TestMulVariantsFp6(t *testing.T) {
+
+	var circuit, witness fp6MulVariants
+
+	// witness values
+	var a, b, c bls12377.E6
+	_, _ = a.SetRandom()
+	_, _ = b.SetRandom()
+	c.Mul(&a, &b)
+
+	witness.A.Assign(&a)
+	witness.B.Assign(&b)
+	witness.C.Assign(&c)
+
+	// cs values
+	assert := test.NewAssert(t)
+	assert.CheckCircuit(&circuit, test.WithValidAssignment(&witness), test.WithCurves(ecc.BW6_761))
+}
+
 type fp6MulBy01 struct {
 	A      E6
 	C0, C1 E2
diff --git a/std/algebra/native/sw_bls12377/g1.go b/std/algebra/native/sw_bls12377/g1.go
index 7b5936a8c4..8297880fcb 100644
--- a/std/algebra/native/sw_bls12377/g1.go
+++ b/std/algebra/native/sw_bls12377/g1.go
@@ -467,7 +467,6 @@ func (P *G1Affine) jointScalarMul(api frontend.API, Q, R G1Affine, s, t frontend
 		panic(err)
 	}
 	if cfg.CompleteArithmetic {
-		// TODO @yelhousni: optimize
 		var tmp G1Affine
 		P.ScalarMul(api, Q, s, opts...)
 		tmp.ScalarMul(api, R, t, opts...)
diff --git a/std/algebra/native/sw_bls24315/g1.go b/std/algebra/native/sw_bls24315/g1.go
index d57481bd92..d65c6217c9 100644
--- a/std/algebra/native/sw_bls24315/g1.go
+++ b/std/algebra/native/sw_bls24315/g1.go
@@ -438,7 +438,6 @@ func (P *G1Affine) jointScalarMul(api frontend.API, Q, R G1Affine, s, t frontend
 		panic(err)
 	}
 	if cfg.CompleteArithmetic {
-		// TODO @yelhousni: optimize
 		var tmp G1Affine
 		P.ScalarMul(api, Q, s, opts...)
 		tmp.ScalarMul(api, R, t, opts...)
diff --git a/std/commitments/kzg/verifier.go b/std/commitments/kzg/verifier.go
index 74262a4c5c..bf23203a18 100644
--- a/std/commitments/kzg/verifier.go
+++ b/std/commitments/kzg/verifier.go
@@ -503,7 +503,11 @@ func (v *Verifier[FR, G1El, G2El, GTEl]) FoldProofsMultiPoint(digests []Commitme
 	randomNumbers[1] = v.scalarApi.FromBits(binSeed...)
 
 	for i := 2; i < len(randomNumbers); i++ {
-		// TODO use real random numbers, follow the solidity smart contract to know which variables are used as seed
+		// TODO: we can also use random number from the higher level transcript
+		// instead of computing it from the inputs. Currently it is inefficient
+		// as it computes hash of something for which we already have a hash.
+		// Maybe add an option to provide the folding coefficient? See issue
+		// https://github.com/Consensys/gnark/issues/1108
 		randomNumbers[i] = v.scalarApi.Mul(randomNumbers[1], randomNumbers[i-1])
 	}
 	randomPointNumbers := make([]*emulated.Element[FR], len(randomNumbers))
diff --git a/std/evmprecompiles/01-ecrecover.go b/std/evmprecompiles/01-ecrecover.go
index e993599a0f..0f5fdd67bb 100644
--- a/std/evmprecompiles/01-ecrecover.go
+++ b/std/evmprecompiles/01-ecrecover.go
@@ -12,12 +12,24 @@ import (
 
 // ECRecover implements [ECRECOVER] precompile contract at address 0x01.
 //
+// The method allows checking both the transaction signatures and ECRecover
+// precompile calls. The difference between TX signature verification and
+// ECRecover precompile call is that there is additional check for s <= (Fr-1)/2
+// in the former case. To enforce this check, the strictRange variable should be
+// set to 1.
+//
+// The isFailure variable is set to 1 when the inputs are expected to be invalid
+// in the context of ECRecover. The failure cases are:
+//  1. The public key is zero.
+//  2. The value r^3 + 7 is not a quadratic residue.
+//
 // [ECRECOVER]: https://ethereum.github.io/execution-specs/autoapi/ethereum/paris/vm/precompiled_contracts/ecrecover/index.html
 func ECRecover(api frontend.API, msg emulated.Element[emulated.Secp256k1Fr],
 	v frontend.Variable, r, s emulated.Element[emulated.Secp256k1Fr],
-	strictRange frontend.Variable) *sw_emulated.AffinePoint[emulated.Secp256k1Fp] {
-	// EVM uses v \in {27, 28}, but everyone else v >= 0. Convert back
-	v = api.Sub(v, 27)
+	strictRange frontend.Variable, isFailure frontend.Variable) *sw_emulated.AffinePoint[emulated.Secp256k1Fp] {
+	// the field implementations are cached. So it is safe to initialize
+	// them at every call to ECRecover. This allows to simplify the
+	// interface of ECRecover.
 	var emfp emulated.Secp256k1Fp
 	var emfr emulated.Secp256k1Fr
 	fpField, err := emulated.NewField[emulated.Secp256k1Fp](api)
@@ -28,6 +40,20 @@ func ECRecover(api frontend.API, msg emulated.Element[emulated.Secp256k1Fr],
 	if err != nil {
 		panic(fmt.Sprintf("new field: %v", err))
 	}
+	curve, err := sw_emulated.New[emulated.Secp256k1Fp, emulated.Secp256k1Fr](api, sw_emulated.GetSecp256k1Params())
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(fmt.Sprintf("new curve: %v", err))
+	}
+
+	// sanity check that input is valid. First we need to ensure the failure
+	// tag is boolean.
+	api.AssertIsBoolean(isFailure)
+
+	// EVM uses v \in {27, 28}, but everyone else v >= 0. Convert back
+	v = api.Sub(v, 27)
+	// check that len(v) = 2
+	vbits := bits.ToBinary(api, v, bits.WithNbDigits(2))
+
 	// with the encoding we may have that r,s < 2*Fr (i.e. not r,s < Fr). Apply more thorough checks.
 	frField.AssertIsLessOrEqual(&r, frField.Modulus())
 	// Ethereum Yellow Paper defines that the check for s should be more strict
@@ -38,21 +64,9 @@ func ECRecover(api frontend.API, msg emulated.Element[emulated.Secp256k1Fr],
 	bound := frField.Select(strictRange, frField.NewElement(halfFr), frField.Modulus())
 	frField.AssertIsLessOrEqual(&s, bound)
 
-	curve, err := sw_emulated.New[emulated.Secp256k1Fp, emulated.Secp256k1Fr](api, sw_emulated.GetSecp256k1Params())
-	if err != nil {
-		panic(fmt.Sprintf("new curve: %v", err))
-	}
-	// we cannot directly use the field emulation hint calling wrappers as we work between two fields.
-	Rlimbs, err := api.Compiler().NewHint(recoverPointHint, 2*int(emfp.NbLimbs()), recoverPointHintArgs(v, r)...)
-	if err != nil {
-		panic(fmt.Sprintf("point hint: %v", err))
-	}
-	R := sw_emulated.AffinePoint[emulated.Secp256k1Fp]{
-		X: *fpField.NewElement(Rlimbs[0:emfp.NbLimbs()]),
-		Y: *fpField.NewElement(Rlimbs[emfp.NbLimbs() : 2*emfp.NbLimbs()]),
-	}
+	// compute P, the public key
 	// we cannot directly use the field emulation hint calling wrappers as we work between two fields.
-	Plimbs, err := api.Compiler().NewHint(recoverPublicKeyHint, 2*int(emfp.NbLimbs()), recoverPublicKeyHintArgs(msg, v, r, s)...)
+	Plimbs, err := api.Compiler().NewHint(recoverPublicKeyHint, 2*int(emfp.NbLimbs())+1, recoverPublicKeyHintArgs(msg, v, r, s)...)
 	if err != nil {
 		panic(fmt.Sprintf("point hint: %v", err))
 	}
@@ -60,25 +74,80 @@ func ECRecover(api frontend.API, msg emulated.Element[emulated.Secp256k1Fr],
 		X: *fpField.NewElement(Plimbs[0:emfp.NbLimbs()]),
 		Y: *fpField.NewElement(Plimbs[emfp.NbLimbs() : 2*emfp.NbLimbs()]),
 	}
-	// check that len(v) = 2
-	vbits := bits.ToBinary(api, v, bits.WithNbDigits(2))
-	// check that Rx is correct: x = r+v[1]*fr
-	tmp := fpField.Select(vbits[1], fpField.NewElement(emfr.Modulus()), fpField.NewElement(0))
+	// we also get a flag from the hint if the returned public key is zero. This
+	// is only set when we have no QNR failure.
+	pIsZero := Plimbs[2*emfp.NbLimbs()]
+	api.AssertIsBoolean(pIsZero)
+
+	// the failure can be either that we have quadratic non residue or that the
+	// public key is zero. We set the QNR failure flag here.
+	//
+	// However, the flag coming from the hint is not strongly asserted as it
+	// comes from the hint. We need to later assert again against the computed
+	// public key (variable isZero).
+	isQNRFailure := api.Sub(isFailure, pIsZero)
+
+	// compute R, the commitment
+	// the signature as elements in Fr, but it actually represents elements in Fp. Convert to Fp element.
 	rbits := frField.ToBits(&r)
 	rfp := fpField.FromBits(rbits...)
-	tmp = fpField.Add(rfp, tmp)
-	fpField.AssertIsEqual(tmp, &R.X)
-	// check that Ry is correct: oddity(y) = v[0]
-	Rynormal := fpField.Reduce(&R.Y)
-	Rybits := fpField.ToBits(Rynormal)
-	api.AssertIsEqual(vbits[0], Rybits[0])
+	// compute R.X x = r+v[1]*fr
+	Rx := fpField.Select(vbits[1], fpField.NewElement(emfr.Modulus()), fpField.NewElement(0))
+	Rx = fpField.Add(rfp, Rx) // Rx = r + v[1]*fr
+	Ry := fpField.Mul(Rx, Rx) // Ry = x^2
+	// compute R.y y = sqrt(x^3+7)
+	Ry = fpField.Mul(Ry, Rx)   // Ry = x^3
+	b := fpField.NewElement(7) // b = 7 for secp256k1, a = 0
+	Ry = fpField.Add(Ry, b)    // Ry = x^3 + 7
+	// in case of failure due to no QNR, negate Ry so that exists a square root
+	Ry = fpField.Select(isQNRFailure, fpField.Sub(fpField.Modulus(), Ry), Ry)
+	Ry = fpField.Sqrt(Ry) // Ry = sqrt(x^3 + 7)
+	// ensure the oddity of Ry is same as vbits[0], otherwise negate Ry
+	Rybits := fpField.ToBits(Ry)
+	Ry = fpField.Select(api.Xor(vbits[0], Rybits[0]), fpField.Sub(fpField.Modulus(), Ry), Ry)
+
+	R := sw_emulated.AffinePoint[emulated.Secp256k1Fp]{
+		X: *Rx,
+		Y: *Ry,
+	}
+	// compute the public key C also in-circuit. We need to compute u1 and u2
+	// and use these to compute the public key.
+	//
 	// compute u1 = -msg * r^{-1} mod fr
 	u1 := frField.Div(&msg, &r)
 	u1 = frField.Neg(u1)
 	// compute u2 = s * r^{-1} mod fr
 	u2 := frField.Div(&s, &r)
-	// check u1 * G + u2 R == P
+	// compute public key in circuit C = u1 * G + u2 R
+	//
+	// in case the public key is expected to be zero, then we add 1 to u1 to
+	// avoid falling to incomplete edge case in scalar multiplication. Otherwise we add 0.
+	u1 = frField.Add(u1, frField.Select(pIsZero, frField.One(), frField.Zero()))
 	C := curve.JointScalarMulBase(&R, u2, u1)
-	curve.AssertIsEqual(C, &P)
+	// check that the in-circuit computed public key corresponds to the hint
+	// public key if it is not a QNR failure.
+	//
+	// now, when we added 1 to u1, then the computed public key should be
+	// generator (as we only add 1 when pIsZero=1). Instead of needing to
+	// subtract G using complete arithmetic, we switch between G and the
+	// computed public key.
+	condP := curve.Select(pIsZero, curve.Generator(), &P)
+	xIsEqual := fpField.IsZero(fpField.Sub(&C.X, &condP.X))
+	yIsEqual := fpField.IsZero(fpField.Sub(&C.Y, &condP.Y))
+	isEqual := api.Mul(xIsEqual, yIsEqual)
+	api.AssertIsEqual(isEqual, api.Sub(1, isQNRFailure))
+	// check that the result is zero if isFailure is true. This holds because in
+	// case of any failure the returned public key from hint is zero.
+	isZero := fpField.IsZero(&P.X)
+	// yIsZero := fpField.IsZero(&P.Y)
+	// isZero := api.Mul(xIsZero, yIsZero)
+	api.AssertIsEqual(isZero, isFailure)
+	// when there was a QNR failure then the computed public key C is random. We
+	// only check for zero public key failure in case of no QNR failure.
+	//
+	// So, when there was a QNR failure, hint has returned pIsZero = 0, but the
+	// computed isZero 1. We set isZero to 0 by multiplying with
+	// (1-isQNRFailure).
+	api.AssertIsEqual(pIsZero, api.Mul(api.Sub(1, isQNRFailure), isZero))
 	return &P
 }
diff --git a/std/evmprecompiles/01-ecrecover_test.go b/std/evmprecompiles/01-ecrecover_test.go
index c862f78ce3..ac76ff1a33 100644
--- a/std/evmprecompiles/01-ecrecover_test.go
+++ b/std/evmprecompiles/01-ecrecover_test.go
@@ -40,12 +40,13 @@ func TestSignForRecoverCorrectness(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 type ecrecoverCircuit struct {
-	Message  emulated.Element[emulated.Secp256k1Fr]
-	V        frontend.Variable
-	R        emulated.Element[emulated.Secp256k1Fr]
-	S        emulated.Element[emulated.Secp256k1Fr]
-	Strict   frontend.Variable
-	Expected sw_emulated.AffinePoint[emulated.Secp256k1Fp]
+	Message   emulated.Element[emulated.Secp256k1Fr]
+	V         frontend.Variable
+	R         emulated.Element[emulated.Secp256k1Fr]
+	S         emulated.Element[emulated.Secp256k1Fr]
+	Strict    frontend.Variable
+	IsFailure frontend.Variable
+	Expected  sw_emulated.AffinePoint[emulated.Secp256k1Fp]
 }
 
 func (c *ecrecoverCircuit) Define(api frontend.API) error {
@@ -53,7 +54,7 @@ func (c *ecrecoverCircuit) Define(api frontend.API) error {
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("new curve: %w", err)
 	}
-	res := ECRecover(api, c.Message, c.V, c.R, c.S, c.Strict)
+	res := ECRecover(api, c.Message, c.V, c.R, c.S, c.Strict, c.IsFailure)
 	curve.AssertIsEqual(&c.Expected, res)
 	return nil
 }
@@ -85,11 +86,12 @@ func testRoutineECRecover(t *testing.T, wantStrict bool) (circ, wit *ecrecoverCi
 	}
 	circuit := ecrecoverCircuit{}
 	witness := ecrecoverCircuit{
-		Message: emulated.ValueOf[emulated.Secp256k1Fr](ecdsa.HashToInt(msg)),
-		V:       v + 27, // EVM constant
-		R:       emulated.ValueOf[emulated.Secp256k1Fr](r),
-		S:       emulated.ValueOf[emulated.Secp256k1Fr](s),
-		Strict:  strict,
+		Message:   emulated.ValueOf[emulated.Secp256k1Fr](ecdsa.HashToInt(msg)),
+		V:         v + 27, // EVM constant
+		R:         emulated.ValueOf[emulated.Secp256k1Fr](r),
+		S:         emulated.ValueOf[emulated.Secp256k1Fr](s),
+		Strict:    strict,
+		IsFailure: 0,
 		Expected: sw_emulated.AffinePoint[emulated.Secp256k1Fp]{
 			X: emulated.ValueOf[emulated.Secp256k1Fp](pk.A.X),
 			Y: emulated.ValueOf[emulated.Secp256k1Fp](pk.A.Y),
@@ -140,3 +142,121 @@ func TestECRecoverCircuitFull(t *testing.T) {
 		test.NoProverChecks(),
 	)
 }
+
+func TestECRecoverQNR(t *testing.T) {
+	assert := test.NewAssert(t)
+	var sk ecdsa.PrivateKey
+	_, err := sk.SetBytes([]byte{0x80, 0x95, 0xb4, 0x19, 0x78, 0xe3, 0x7c, 0xb2, 0x44, 0x76, 0xd3, 0x76, 0x90, 0x87, 0x33, 0x61, 0x89, 0xcf, 0xac, 0xc2, 0x60, 0x2d, 0xf9, 0x83, 0xcc, 0xb5, 0xb2, 0x5c, 0x84, 0xe9, 0x41, 0x76, 0x7e, 0xe7, 0x47, 0x4b, 0x89, 0xbb, 0x50, 0xe0, 0x6, 0xf6, 0x11, 0x25, 0xf2, 0xe8, 0xf7, 0xb2, 0x59, 0x9d, 0xa8, 0x7, 0x48, 0x2b, 0x6d, 0x8c, 0x3e, 0x28, 0x5, 0x93, 0xf8, 0x5c, 0xcc, 0xc9, 0xe, 0x40, 0x3d, 0x19, 0x13, 0xad, 0x7f, 0xc1, 0x63, 0x93, 0x71, 0xb6, 0x8d, 0x3d, 0x43, 0x7a, 0x7f, 0x8, 0x9f, 0xaa, 0x8f, 0xc, 0xf6, 0xf8, 0x5, 0xad, 0xaf, 0x23, 0x93, 0x34, 0x97, 0xba})
+	assert.NoError(err)
+	msg := []byte("test")
+	v := 1
+	r, _ := new(big.Int).SetString("115792089237316195423570985008687907853269984665640564039457584007908834671662", 10)
+	s, _ := new(big.Int).SetString("31110821449234674195879853497860775923588666272130120981349127974920000247897", 10)
+	circuit := ecrecoverCircuit{}
+	witness := ecrecoverCircuit{
+		Message:   emulated.ValueOf[emulated.Secp256k1Fr](ecdsa.HashToInt(msg)),
+		V:         v + 27, // EVM constant
+		R:         emulated.ValueOf[emulated.Secp256k1Fr](r),
+		S:         emulated.ValueOf[emulated.Secp256k1Fr](s),
+		Strict:    0,
+		IsFailure: 1,
+		Expected: sw_emulated.AffinePoint[emulated.Secp256k1Fp]{
+			X: emulated.ValueOf[emulated.Secp256k1Fp](0),
+			Y: emulated.ValueOf[emulated.Secp256k1Fp](0),
+		},
+	}
+	err = test.IsSolved(&circuit, &witness, ecc.BLS12_377.ScalarField())
+	assert.NoError(err)
+}
+
+func TestECRecoverQNRWoFailure(t *testing.T) {
+	assert := test.NewAssert(t)
+	var sk ecdsa.PrivateKey
+	_, err := sk.SetBytes([]byte{0x80, 0x95, 0xb4, 0x19, 0x78, 0xe3, 0x7c, 0xb2, 0x44, 0x76, 0xd3, 0x76, 0x90, 0x87, 0x33, 0x61, 0x89, 0xcf, 0xac, 0xc2, 0x60, 0x2d, 0xf9, 0x83, 0xcc, 0xb5, 0xb2, 0x5c, 0x84, 0xe9, 0x41, 0x76, 0x7e, 0xe7, 0x47, 0x4b, 0x89, 0xbb, 0x50, 0xe0, 0x6, 0xf6, 0x11, 0x25, 0xf2, 0xe8, 0xf7, 0xb2, 0x59, 0x9d, 0xa8, 0x7, 0x48, 0x2b, 0x6d, 0x8c, 0x3e, 0x28, 0x5, 0x93, 0xf8, 0x5c, 0xcc, 0xc9, 0xe, 0x40, 0x3d, 0x19, 0x13, 0xad, 0x7f, 0xc1, 0x63, 0x93, 0x71, 0xb6, 0x8d, 0x3d, 0x43, 0x7a, 0x7f, 0x8, 0x9f, 0xaa, 0x8f, 0xc, 0xf6, 0xf8, 0x5, 0xad, 0xaf, 0x23, 0x93, 0x34, 0x97, 0xba})
+	assert.NoError(err)
+	msg := []byte("test")
+	v := 1
+	r, _ := new(big.Int).SetString("115792089237316195423570985008687907853269984665640564039457584007908834671662", 10)
+	s, _ := new(big.Int).SetString("31110821449234674195879853497860775923588666272130120981349127974920000247897", 10)
+	circuit := ecrecoverCircuit{}
+	witness := ecrecoverCircuit{
+		Message:   emulated.ValueOf[emulated.Secp256k1Fr](ecdsa.HashToInt(msg)),
+		V:         v + 27, // EVM constant
+		R:         emulated.ValueOf[emulated.Secp256k1Fr](r),
+		S:         emulated.ValueOf[emulated.Secp256k1Fr](s),
+		Strict:    0,
+		IsFailure: 0,
+		Expected: sw_emulated.AffinePoint[emulated.Secp256k1Fp]{
+			X: emulated.ValueOf[emulated.Secp256k1Fp](0),
+			Y: emulated.ValueOf[emulated.Secp256k1Fp](0),
+		},
+	}
+	err = test.IsSolved(&circuit, &witness, ecc.BLS12_377.ScalarField())
+	assert.Error(err)
+}
+
+func TestECRecoverInfinity(t *testing.T) {
+	assert := test.NewAssert(t)
+	var sk ecdsa.PrivateKey
+	var err error
+	pk := sk.Public().(*ecdsa.PublicKey)
+	msg := []byte("test")
+	var r, s *big.Int
+	var v uint
+	v, r, s, err = sk.SignForRecover(msg, nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal("sign", err)
+	}
+	circuit := ecrecoverCircuit{}
+	witness := ecrecoverCircuit{
+		Message:   emulated.ValueOf[emulated.Secp256k1Fr](ecdsa.HashToInt(msg)),
+		V:         v + 27, // EVM constant
+		R:         emulated.ValueOf[emulated.Secp256k1Fr](r),
+		S:         emulated.ValueOf[emulated.Secp256k1Fr](s),
+		Strict:    0,
+		IsFailure: 1,
+		Expected: sw_emulated.AffinePoint[emulated.Secp256k1Fp]{
+			X: emulated.ValueOf[emulated.Secp256k1Fp](pk.A.X),
+			Y: emulated.ValueOf[emulated.Secp256k1Fp](pk.A.Y),
+		},
+	}
+	err = test.IsSolved(&circuit, &witness, ecc.BLS12_377.ScalarField())
+	assert.NoError(err)
+}
+
+func TestECRecoverInfinityWoFailure(t *testing.T) {
+	assert := test.NewAssert(t)
+	var sk ecdsa.PrivateKey
+	var err error
+	pk := sk.Public().(*ecdsa.PublicKey)
+	msg := []byte("test")
+	var r, s *big.Int
+	var v uint
+	v, r, s, err = sk.SignForRecover(msg, nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal("sign", err)
+	}
+	circuit := ecrecoverCircuit{}
+	witness := ecrecoverCircuit{
+		Message:   emulated.ValueOf[emulated.Secp256k1Fr](ecdsa.HashToInt(msg)),
+		V:         v + 27, // EVM constant
+		R:         emulated.ValueOf[emulated.Secp256k1Fr](r),
+		S:         emulated.ValueOf[emulated.Secp256k1Fr](s),
+		Strict:    0,
+		IsFailure: 0,
+		Expected: sw_emulated.AffinePoint[emulated.Secp256k1Fp]{
+			X: emulated.ValueOf[emulated.Secp256k1Fp](pk.A.X),
+			Y: emulated.ValueOf[emulated.Secp256k1Fp](pk.A.Y),
+		},
+	}
+	err = test.IsSolved(&circuit, &witness, ecc.BLS12_377.ScalarField())
+	assert.Error(err)
+}
+
+func TestInvalidFailureTag(t *testing.T) {
+	assert := test.NewAssert(t)
+	circuit, witness, _ := testRoutineECRecover(t, false)
+	witness.IsFailure = 1
+	err := test.IsSolved(circuit, witness, ecc.BN254.ScalarField())
+	assert.Error(err)
+}
diff --git a/std/evmprecompiles/hints.go b/std/evmprecompiles/hints.go
index 0ebc231ae0..15c7e98202 100644
--- a/std/evmprecompiles/hints.go
+++ b/std/evmprecompiles/hints.go
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 package evmprecompiles
 
 import (
+	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"math/big"
 
@@ -16,39 +17,7 @@ func init() {
 
 // GetHints returns all the hints used in this package.
 func GetHints() []solver.Hint {
-	return []solver.Hint{recoverPointHint, recoverPublicKeyHint}
-}
-
-func recoverPointHintArgs(v frontend.Variable, r emulated.Element[emulated.Secp256k1Fr]) []frontend.Variable {
-	args := []frontend.Variable{v}
-	args = append(args, r.Limbs...)
-	return args
-}
-
-func recoverPointHint(_ *big.Int, inputs []*big.Int, outputs []*big.Int) error {
-	var emfp emulated.Secp256k1Fp
-	if len(inputs) != int(emfp.NbLimbs())+1 {
-		return fmt.Errorf("expected input %d limbs got %d", emfp.NbLimbs()+1, len(inputs))
-	}
-	if !inputs[0].IsInt64() {
-		return fmt.Errorf("first input supposed to be in [0,3]")
-	}
-	if len(outputs) != 2*int(emfp.NbLimbs()) {
-		return fmt.Errorf("expected output %d limbs got %d", 2*emfp.NbLimbs(), len(outputs))
-	}
-	v := inputs[0].Uint64()
-	r := recompose(inputs[1:], emfp.BitsPerLimb())
-	P, err := ecdsa.RecoverP(uint(v), r)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("recover: %s", err)
-	}
-	if err := decompose(P.X.BigInt(new(big.Int)), emfp.BitsPerLimb(), outputs[0:emfp.NbLimbs()]); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("decompose x: %w", err)
-	}
-	if err := decompose(P.Y.BigInt(new(big.Int)), emfp.BitsPerLimb(), outputs[emfp.NbLimbs():]); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("decompose y: %w", err)
-	}
-	return nil
+	return []solver.Hint{recoverPublicKeyHint}
 }
 
 func recoverPublicKeyHintArgs(msg emulated.Element[emulated.Secp256k1Fr],
@@ -74,7 +43,7 @@ func recoverPublicKeyHint(_ *big.Int, inputs []*big.Int, outputs []*big.Int) err
 	if !inputs[emfr.NbLimbs()].IsInt64() {
 		return fmt.Errorf("second input input must be in [0,3]")
 	}
-	if len(outputs) != 2*int(emfp.NbLimbs()) {
+	if len(outputs) != 2*int(emfp.NbLimbs())+1 {
 		return fmt.Errorf("expected output %d limbs got %d", 2*emfp.NbLimbs(), len(outputs))
 	}
 	msg := recompose(inputs[:emfr.NbLimbs()], emfr.BitsPerLimb())
@@ -82,8 +51,14 @@ func recoverPublicKeyHint(_ *big.Int, inputs []*big.Int, outputs []*big.Int) err
 	r := recompose(inputs[emfr.NbLimbs()+1:2*emfr.NbLimbs()+1], emfr.BitsPerLimb())
 	s := recompose(inputs[2*emfr.NbLimbs()+1:3*emfr.NbLimbs()+1], emfr.BitsPerLimb())
 	var pk ecdsa.PublicKey
+	var isQNRFailure int
 	if err := pk.RecoverFrom(msg.Bytes(), uint(v), r, s); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("recover public key: %w", err)
+		// in case we have some other possible error except QNR failure, then we return the error as is
+		if !errors.Is(err, ecdsa.ErrNoSqrtR) {
+			return fmt.Errorf("recover public key: %w", err)
+		}
+		// otherwise, we set the flag to 1. NB! In this case the public key is (0,0).
+		isQNRFailure = 1
 	}
 	Px := pk.A.X.BigInt(new(big.Int))
 	Py := pk.A.Y.BigInt(new(big.Int))
@@ -93,5 +68,12 @@ func recoverPublicKeyHint(_ *big.Int, inputs []*big.Int, outputs []*big.Int) err
 	if err := decompose(Py, emfp.BitsPerLimb(), outputs[emfp.NbLimbs():2*emfp.NbLimbs()]); err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("decompose y: %w", err)
 	}
+	// we also return a flag that indicates if the public key is zero but only
+	// if the QNR failure flag is not set.
+	zero := new(big.Int)
+	xIsZero := 1 - Px.Cmp(zero)
+	yIsZero := 1 - Py.Cmp(zero)
+	isZero := (1 - isQNRFailure) * xIsZero * yIsZero
+	outputs[2*emfp.NbLimbs()].SetInt64(int64(isZero))
 	return nil
 }
diff --git a/std/hash/sha2/sha2.go b/std/hash/sha2/sha2.go
index edb261e621..ea36f7f70d 100644
--- a/std/hash/sha2/sha2.go
+++ b/std/hash/sha2/sha2.go
@@ -6,9 +6,13 @@ package sha2
 
 import (
 	"encoding/binary"
+	"math/big"
 
 	"github.com/consensys/gnark/frontend"
 	"github.com/consensys/gnark/std/hash"
+	"github.com/consensys/gnark/std/math/bits"
+	"github.com/consensys/gnark/std/math/bitslice"
+	"github.com/consensys/gnark/std/math/cmp"
 	"github.com/consensys/gnark/std/math/uints"
 	"github.com/consensys/gnark/std/permutation/sha2"
 )
@@ -18,16 +22,17 @@ var _seed = uints.NewU32Array([]uint32{
 })
 
 type digest struct {
+	api  frontend.API
 	uapi *uints.BinaryField[uints.U32]
 	in   []uints.U8
 }
 
-func New(api frontend.API) (hash.BinaryHasher, error) {
+func New(api frontend.API) (hash.BinaryFixedLengthHasher, error) {
 	uapi, err := uints.New[uints.U32](api)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	return &digest{uapi: uapi}, nil
+	return &digest{api: api, uapi: uapi}, nil
 }
 
 func (d *digest) Write(data []uints.U8) {
@@ -71,7 +76,6 @@ func (d *digest) Sum() []uints.U8 {
 }
 
 func (d *digest) FixedLengthSum(length frontend.Variable) []uints.U8 {
-	panic("TODO")
 	// we need to do two things here -- first the padding has to be put to the
 	// right place. For that we need to know how many blocks we have used. We
 	// need to fit at least 9 more bytes (padding byte and 8 bytes for input
@@ -80,6 +84,69 @@ func (d *digest) FixedLengthSum(length frontend.Variable) []uints.U8 {
 	//
 	// idea - have a mask for blocks where 1 is only for the block we want to
 	// use.
+
+	data := make([]uints.U8, len(d.in))
+	copy(data, d.in)
+
+	comparator := cmp.NewBoundedComparator(d.api, big.NewInt(int64(len(data)+64+8)), false)
+
+	for i := 0; i < 64+8; i++ {
+		data = append(data, uints.NewU8(0))
+	}
+
+	lenMod64 := d.mod64(length)
+	lenMod64Less56 := comparator.IsLess(lenMod64, 56)
+
+	paddingCount := d.api.Sub(64, lenMod64)
+	paddingCount = d.api.Select(lenMod64Less56, paddingCount, d.api.Add(paddingCount, 64))
+
+	totalLen := d.api.Add(length, paddingCount)
+	last8BytesPos := d.api.Sub(totalLen, 8)
+
+	var dataLenBtyes [8]frontend.Variable
+	d.bigEndianPutUint64(dataLenBtyes[:], d.api.Mul(length, 8))
+
+	for i := range data {
+		isPaddingStartPos := d.api.IsZero(d.api.Sub(i, length))
+		data[i].Val = d.api.Select(isPaddingStartPos, 0x80, data[i].Val)
+
+		isPaddingPos := comparator.IsLess(length, i)
+		data[i].Val = d.api.Select(isPaddingPos, 0, data[i].Val)
+	}
+
+	for i := range data {
+		isLast8BytesPos := d.api.IsZero(d.api.Sub(i, last8BytesPos))
+		for j := 0; j < 8; j++ {
+			if i+j < len(data) {
+				data[i+j].Val = d.api.Select(isLast8BytesPos, dataLenBtyes[j], data[i+j].Val)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	var runningDigest [8]uints.U32
+	var resultDigest [8]uints.U32
+	var buf [64]uints.U8
+	copy(runningDigest[:], _seed)
+	copy(resultDigest[:], _seed)
+
+	for i := 0; i < len(data)/64; i++ {
+		copy(buf[:], data[i*64:(i+1)*64])
+		runningDigest = sha2.Permute(d.uapi, runningDigest, buf)
+
+		isInRange := comparator.IsLess(i*64, totalLen)
+
+		for j := 0; j < 8; j++ {
+			for k := 0; k < 4; k++ {
+				resultDigest[j][k].Val = d.api.Select(isInRange, runningDigest[j][k].Val, resultDigest[j][k].Val)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	var ret []uints.U8
+	for i := range resultDigest {
+		ret = append(ret, d.uapi.UnpackMSB(resultDigest[i])...)
+	}
+	return ret
 }
 
 func (d *digest) Reset() {
@@ -87,3 +154,15 @@ func (d *digest) Reset() {
 }
 
 func (d *digest) Size() int { return 32 }
+
+func (d *digest) mod64(v frontend.Variable) frontend.Variable {
+	lower, _ := bitslice.Partition(d.api, v, 6, bitslice.WithNbDigits(64))
+	return lower
+}
+
+func (d *digest) bigEndianPutUint64(b []frontend.Variable, x frontend.Variable) {
+	bts := bits.ToBinary(d.api, x, bits.WithNbDigits(64))
+	for i := 0; i < 8; i++ {
+		b[i] = bits.FromBinary(d.api, bts[(8-i-1)*8:(8-i)*8])
+	}
+}
diff --git a/std/hash/sha2/sha2_test.go b/std/hash/sha2/sha2_test.go
index d4acf5baf3..0093fddc43 100644
--- a/std/hash/sha2/sha2_test.go
+++ b/std/hash/sha2/sha2_test.go
@@ -48,3 +48,44 @@ func TestSHA2(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
 }
+
+type sha2FixedLengthCircuit struct {
+	In       []uints.U8
+	Length   frontend.Variable
+	Expected [32]uints.U8
+}
+
+func (c *sha2FixedLengthCircuit) Define(api frontend.API) error {
+	h, err := New(api)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	uapi, err := uints.New[uints.U32](api)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	h.Write(c.In)
+	res := h.FixedLengthSum(c.Length)
+	if len(res) != 32 {
+		return fmt.Errorf("not 32 bytes")
+	}
+	for i := range c.Expected {
+		uapi.ByteAssertEq(c.Expected[i], res[i])
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func TestSHA2FixedLengthSum(t *testing.T) {
+	bts := make([]byte, 144)
+	length := 56
+	dgst := sha256.Sum256(bts[:length])
+	witness := sha2FixedLengthCircuit{
+		In:     uints.NewU8Array(bts),
+		Length: length,
+	}
+	copy(witness.Expected[:], uints.NewU8Array(dgst[:]))
+	err := test.IsSolved(&sha2FixedLengthCircuit{In: make([]uints.U8, len(bts))}, &witness, ecc.BN254.ScalarField())
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+}
diff --git a/std/math/emulated/composition.go b/std/math/emulated/composition.go
index bce35e7442..d94d4f5cca 100644
--- a/std/math/emulated/composition.go
+++ b/std/math/emulated/composition.go
@@ -23,7 +23,8 @@ func recompose(inputs []*big.Int, nbBits uint, res *big.Int) error {
 		res.Lsh(res, nbBits)
 		res.Add(res, inputs[len(inputs)-i-1])
 	}
-	// TODO @gbotrel mod reduce ?
+	// we do not mod-reduce here as the result is mod-reduced by the caller if
+	// needed. In some places we need non-reduced results.
 	return nil
 }
 
@@ -67,7 +68,9 @@ func decompose(input *big.Int, nbBits uint, res []*big.Int) error {
 // then no such underflow happens and s = a-b (mod p) as the padding is multiple
 // of p.
 func subPadding(modulus *big.Int, bitsPerLimbs uint, overflow uint, nbLimbs uint) []*big.Int {
-
+	if modulus.Cmp(big.NewInt(0)) == 0 {
+		panic("modulus is zero")
+	}
 	// first, we build a number nLimbs, such that nLimbs > b;
 	// here b is defined by its bounds, that is b is an element with nbLimbs of (bitsPerLimbs+overflow)
 	// so a number nLimbs > b, is simply taking the next power of 2 over this bound .
diff --git a/std/recursion/plonk/verifier.go b/std/recursion/plonk/verifier.go
index 5ae3ee0673..738790897e 100644
--- a/std/recursion/plonk/verifier.go
+++ b/std/recursion/plonk/verifier.go
@@ -248,7 +248,7 @@ func ValueOfProof[FR emulated.FieldParams, G1El algebra.G1ElementT, G2El algebra
 		if err != nil {
 			return ret, fmt.Errorf("z shifted opening proof value assignment: %w", err)
 		}
-		// TODO: missing bls12-381, bls24315, bn254, bls24317
+		// TODO: missing bls24317
 	default:
 		return ret, fmt.Errorf("unknown parametric type combination: %T", ret)
 	}
diff --git a/std/recursion/plonk/verifier_test.go b/std/recursion/plonk/verifier_test.go
index e37dac2c0c..124d50f918 100644
--- a/std/recursion/plonk/verifier_test.go
+++ b/std/recursion/plonk/verifier_test.go
@@ -599,3 +599,205 @@ func TestBLS12InBW6MultiHashed(t *testing.T) {
 	err = test.IsSolved(aggCircuit, aggAssignment, ecc.BW6_761.ScalarField())
 	assert.NoError(err)
 }
+
+// interconnection circuit
+type HubCircuit struct {
+	PerCircuitInput []frontend.Variable `gnark:",public"`
+	RootInput       frontend.Variable   `gnark:",public"`
+}
+
+func (c *HubCircuit) Define(api frontend.API) error {
+	p := api.Mul(c.PerCircuitInput[0], c.PerCircuitInput[1])
+	for i := 2; i < len(c.PerCircuitInput); i++ {
+		p = api.Mul(p, c.PerCircuitInput[i])
+	}
+	api.AssertIsEqual(p, c.RootInput)
+	return nil
+}
+
+type AggregationDiffPubs[FR emulated.FieldParams, G1El algebra.G1ElementT, G2El algebra.G2ElementT, GtEl algebra.GtElementT] struct {
+	BaseKeySinglePub BaseVerifyingKey[FR, G1El, G2El] `gnark:"-"`
+	CircuitKeys      []CircuitVerifyingKey[FR, G1El]
+	Selectors        []frontend.Variable
+	Proofs           []Proof[FR, G1El, G2El]
+	Witnesses        []Witness[FR]
+
+	HubKey      VerifyingKey[FR, G1El, G2El] `gnark:"-"`
+	PublicInput emulated.Element[FR]         `gnark:",public"`
+	HubProof    Proof[FR, G1El, G2El]
+}
+
+func (c *AggregationDiffPubs[FR, G1El, G2El, GtEl]) Define(api frontend.API) error {
+	v, err := NewVerifier[FR, G1El, G2El, GtEl](api)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("plonk verifier: %w", err)
+	}
+	// var foldedDigests []kzg.Commitment[G1El]
+	// var foldedProofs []kzg.OpeningProof[FR, G1El]
+	// var foldedPoints []emulated.Element[FR]
+	// for i := range c.Proofs {
+	// 	vk, err := v.SwitchVerificationKey(c.BaseKeySinglePub, c.Selectors[i], c.CircuitKeys)
+	// 	if err != nil {
+	// 		return fmt.Errorf("switch verification key: %w", err)
+	// 	}
+	// 	dg, pr, pts, err := v.PrepareVerification(vk, c.Proofs[i], c.Witnesses[i])
+	// 	if err != nil {
+	// 		return fmt.Errorf("prepare proof %d: %w", i, err)
+	// 	}
+	// 	foldedDigests = append(foldedDigests, dg...)
+	// 	foldedProofs = append(foldedProofs, pr...)
+	// 	foldedPoints = append(foldedPoints, pts...)
+	// }
+	if err := v.AssertDifferentProofs(c.BaseKeySinglePub, c.CircuitKeys, c.Selectors, c.Proofs, c.Witnesses); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("assert different proofs: %w", err)
+	}
+	hubWitness := Witness[FR]{Public: make([]emulated.Element[FR], len(c.Witnesses)+1)}
+	for i := range c.Witnesses {
+		hubWitness.Public[i] = c.Witnesses[i].Public[0]
+	}
+	hubWitness.Public[len(c.Witnesses)] = c.PublicInput
+	if err := v.AssertProof(c.HubKey, c.HubProof, hubWitness, WithCompleteArithmetic()); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("assert hub proof: %w", err)
+	}
+	// dg, pr, pts, err := v.PrepareVerification(c.HubKey, c.HubProof, hubWitness, WithCompleteArithmetic())
+	// if err != nil {
+	// 	return fmt.Errorf("prepare hub proof: %w", err)
+	// }
+	// foldedDigests = append(foldedDigests, dg...)
+	// foldedProofs = append(foldedProofs, pr...)
+	// foldedPoints = append(foldedPoints, pts...)
+	// k, err := kzg.NewVerifier[FR, G1El, G2El, GtEl](api)
+	// if err != nil {
+	// 	return fmt.Errorf("kzg verifier: %w", err)
+	// }
+	// if err := k.BatchVerifyMultiPoints(foldedDigests, foldedProofs, foldedPoints, c.BaseKeySinglePub.Kzg); err != nil {
+	// 	return fmt.Errorf("batch verify multi points: %w", err)
+	// }
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func getParametricSetups2[FR emulated.FieldParams](assert *test.Assert, field *big.Int, nbParams, nbInner int) ([]constraint.ConstraintSystem, []native_plonk.VerifyingKey, []native_plonk.ProvingKey) {
+	var err error
+
+	ccss := make([]constraint.ConstraintSystem, nbParams+1)
+	vks := make([]native_plonk.VerifyingKey, nbParams+1)
+	pks := make([]native_plonk.ProvingKey, nbParams+1)
+	for i := range ccss {
+		ccss[i], err = frontend.Compile(field, scs.NewBuilder, &InnerCircuitParametric{parameter: 8 << i})
+		assert.NoError(err)
+	}
+	ccss[nbParams], err = frontend.Compile(field, scs.NewBuilder, &HubCircuit{PerCircuitInput: make([]frontend.Variable, nbInner)})
+	assert.NoError(err)
+
+	srs, srsLagrange, err := unsafekzg.NewSRS(ccss[nbParams-1])
+	assert.NoError(err)
+	srsT, ok := srs.(*kzg_bls12377.SRS)
+	assert.True(ok)
+	srsLagrangeT, ok := srsLagrange.(*kzg_bls12377.SRS)
+	assert.True(ok)
+
+	for i := range vks {
+		sizeSystem := ccss[i].GetNbPublicVariables() + ccss[i].GetNbConstraints()
+		nextPowerTwo := 1 << stdbits.Len(uint(sizeSystem))
+		srsLagrangeT.Pk.G1, err = kzg_bls12377.ToLagrangeG1(srsT.Pk.G1[:nextPowerTwo])
+		assert.NoError(err)
+		pks[i], vks[i], err = native_plonk.Setup(ccss[i], srsT, srsLagrangeT)
+		assert.NoError(err)
+	}
+	return ccss, vks, pks
+}
+
+func getHubProof(assert *test.Assert, outer, field *big.Int, witness []witness.Witness, ccs constraint.ConstraintSystem, vk native_plonk.VerifyingKey, pk native_plonk.ProvingKey) (native_plonk.Proof, fr_bls12377.Element) {
+	witnesses := make([]fr_bls12377.Element, len(witness))
+	root := fr_bls12377.One()
+	for i := range witness {
+		pubWit, err := witness[i].Public()
+		assert.NoError(err)
+		vec, ok := pubWit.Vector().(fr_bls12377.Vector)
+		assert.True(ok)
+		witnesses[i] = vec[0]
+		root.Mul(&root, &witnesses[i])
+	}
+	hubAssignment := HubCircuit{PerCircuitInput: make([]frontend.Variable, len(witnesses)), RootInput: root.String()}
+	for i := range witnesses {
+		hubAssignment.PerCircuitInput[i] = witnesses[i].String()
+	}
+	hubWit, err := frontend.NewWitness(&hubAssignment, field)
+	assert.NoError(err)
+	proof, err := native_plonk.Prove(ccs, pk, hubWit, GetNativeProverOptions(outer, field))
+	assert.NoError(err)
+	hubWitPub, err := hubWit.Public()
+	assert.NoError(err)
+	err = native_plonk.Verify(proof, vk, hubWitPub, GetNativeVerifierOptions(outer, field))
+	assert.NoError(err)
+	return proof, root
+}
+
+func TestAggregationDiff(t *testing.T) {
+	innerField := ecc.BLS12_377.ScalarField()
+	outerField := ecc.BW6_761.ScalarField()
+	nbCircuits := 5
+	nbProofs := 20
+	assert := test.NewAssert(t)
+	ccss, vks, pks := getParametricSetups2[sw_bls12377.ScalarField](assert, innerField, nbCircuits, nbProofs)
+	hubCcs, hubVk, hubPk := ccss[nbCircuits], vks[nbCircuits], pks[nbCircuits]
+	innerProofs := make([]native_plonk.Proof, nbProofs)
+	innerWitnesses := make([]witness.Witness, nbProofs)
+	innerSelectors := make([]int, nbProofs)
+	for i := 0; i < nbProofs; i++ {
+		innerSelectors[i], innerWitnesses[i], innerProofs[i] = getRandomParametricProof(assert, innerField, outerField, ccss[:nbCircuits], vks[:nbCircuits], pks[:nbCircuits])
+	}
+	hubProof, hubRoot := getHubProof(assert, outerField, innerField, innerWitnesses, hubCcs, hubVk, hubPk)
+	circuitHubProof, err := ValueOfProof[sw_bls12377.ScalarField, sw_bls12377.G1Affine, sw_bls12377.G2Affine](hubProof)
+	assert.NoError(err)
+	circuitVk, err := ValueOfVerifyingKey[sw_bls12377.ScalarField, sw_bls12377.G1Affine, sw_bls12377.G2Affine](hubVk)
+	assert.NoError(err)
+	circuitBvk, err := ValueOfBaseVerifyingKey[sw_bls12377.ScalarField, sw_bls12377.G1Affine, sw_bls12377.G2Affine](vks[0])
+	assert.NoError(err)
+	circuitVks := make([]CircuitVerifyingKey[sw_bls12377.ScalarField, sw_bls12377.G1Affine], nbCircuits)
+	for i := range circuitVks {
+		circuitVks[i], err = ValueOfCircuitVerifyingKey[sw_bls12377.ScalarField, sw_bls12377.G1Affine](vks[i])
+		assert.NoError(err)
+	}
+	circuitSelector := make([]frontend.Variable, nbProofs)
+	for i := range circuitSelector {
+		circuitSelector[i] = innerSelectors[i]
+	}
+	circuitProofs := make([]Proof[sw_bls12377.ScalarField, sw_bls12377.G1Affine, sw_bls12377.G2Affine], nbProofs)
+	for i := range circuitProofs {
+		circuitProofs[i], err = ValueOfProof[sw_bls12377.ScalarField, sw_bls12377.G1Affine, sw_bls12377.G2Affine](innerProofs[i])
+		assert.NoError(err)
+	}
+	circuitWitnesses := make([]Witness[sw_bls12377.ScalarField], nbProofs)
+	for i := range circuitWitnesses {
+		circuitWitnesses[i], err = ValueOfWitness[sw_bls12377.ScalarField](innerWitnesses[i])
+		assert.NoError(err)
+	}
+	aggCircuit := &AggregationDiffPubs[sw_bls12377.ScalarField, sw_bls12377.G1Affine, sw_bls12377.G2Affine, sw_bls12377.GT]{
+		BaseKeySinglePub: circuitBvk,
+		CircuitKeys:      make([]CircuitVerifyingKey[sw_bls12377.ScalarField, sw_bls12377.G1Affine], nbCircuits),
+		Selectors:        make([]frontend.Variable, nbProofs),
+		Proofs:           make([]Proof[sw_bls12377.ScalarField, sw_bls12377.G1Affine, sw_bls12377.G2Affine], nbProofs),
+		Witnesses:        make([]Witness[sw_bls12377.ScalarField], nbProofs),
+		HubKey:           circuitVk,
+		HubProof:         PlaceholderProof[sw_bls12377.ScalarField, sw_bls12377.G1Affine, sw_bls12377.G2Affine](hubCcs),
+	}
+	for i := 0; i < nbCircuits; i++ {
+		aggCircuit.CircuitKeys[i] = PlaceholderCircuitVerifyingKey[sw_bls12377.ScalarField, sw_bls12377.G1Affine](ccss[i])
+	}
+	for i := 0; i < nbProofs; i++ {
+		aggCircuit.Proofs[i] = PlaceholderProof[sw_bls12377.ScalarField, sw_bls12377.G1Affine, sw_bls12377.G2Affine](ccss[0])
+		aggCircuit.Witnesses[i] = PlaceholderWitness[sw_bls12377.ScalarField](ccss[0])
+	}
+	aggAssignment := &AggregationDiffPubs[sw_bls12377.ScalarField, sw_bls12377.G1Affine, sw_bls12377.G2Affine, sw_bls12377.GT]{
+		CircuitKeys: circuitVks,
+		Selectors:   circuitSelector,
+		Proofs:      circuitProofs,
+		Witnesses:   circuitWitnesses,
+		PublicInput: emulated.ValueOf[sw_bls12377.ScalarField](hubRoot),
+		HubProof:    circuitHubProof,
+	}
+	err = test.IsSolved(aggCircuit, aggAssignment, ecc.BW6_761.ScalarField())
+	assert.NoError(err)
+}
diff --git a/std/signature/ecdsa/doc.go b/std/signature/ecdsa/doc.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4da4dbcd60
--- /dev/null
+++ b/std/signature/ecdsa/doc.go
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+// Package ecdsa implements ECDSA signature verification over any elliptic curve.
+//
+// The package depends on the [emulated/sw_emulated] package for elliptic curve
+// group operations using non-native arithmetic. Thus we can verify ECDSA
+// signatures over any curve. The cost for a single secp256k1 signature
+// verification in a BN254-SNARK is approximately 122k constraints in R1CS and
+// 453k constraints in PLONKish.
+//
+// See [ECDSA] for the signature verification algorithm.
+//
+// [ECDSA]:
+// https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elliptic_Curve_Digital_Signature_Algorithm
+package ecdsa
diff --git a/std/signature/ecdsa/ecdsa.go b/std/signature/ecdsa/ecdsa.go
index cac32d7db1..066e6e15a5 100644
--- a/std/signature/ecdsa/ecdsa.go
+++ b/std/signature/ecdsa/ecdsa.go
@@ -1,16 +1,3 @@
-/*
-Package ecdsa implements ECDSA signature verification over any elliptic curve.
-
-The package depends on the [emulated/sw_emulated] package for elliptic curve group
-operations using non-native arithmetic. Thus we can verify ECDSA signatures over
-any curve. The cost for a single secp256k1 signature verification is
-approximately 4M constraints in R1CS and 10M constraints in PLONKish.
-
-See [ECDSA] for the signature verification algorithm.
-
-[ECDSA]:
-https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elliptic_Curve_Digital_Signature_Algorithm
-*/
 package ecdsa
 
 import (
@@ -34,7 +21,6 @@ type PublicKey[Base, Scalar emulated.FieldParams] sw_emulated.AffinePoint[Base]
 func (pk PublicKey[T, S]) Verify(api frontend.API, params sw_emulated.CurveParams, msg *emulated.Element[S], sig *Signature[S]) {
 	cr, err := sw_emulated.New[T, S](api, params)
 	if err != nil {
-		// TODO: softer handling.
 		panic(err)
 	}
 	scalarApi, err := emulated.NewField[S](api)
diff --git a/std/signature/eddsa/doc.go b/std/signature/eddsa/doc.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c54c6693e7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/std/signature/eddsa/doc.go
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+// Package eddsa implements EdDSA signature verification over twisted Edwards
+// elliptic curves available in gnark and gnark-crypto. These are the so-called
+// "embedded curves" (e.g. Baby-Jubjub, Bandersnatch...) defined over the scalar
+// field of the pairing-friendly SNARK curves (e.g. BN254, BLS12-381...)
+//
+// The package depends on the [native/twistededwards] package for elliptic
+// curve group operations in twisted Edwards form using native arithmetic. The
+// cost for a single baby-jubjub signature verification in a BN254-SNARK is
+// approximately 7k constraints in R1CS and 11k constraints in PLONKish.
+//
+// See [EdDSA] for the signature verification algorithm.
+//
+// [EdDSA]:
+// https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EdDSA
+package eddsa
diff --git a/std/signature/eddsa/eddsa.go b/std/signature/eddsa/eddsa.go
index b0841de4ad..e4a3a41f77 100644
--- a/std/signature/eddsa/eddsa.go
+++ b/std/signature/eddsa/eddsa.go
@@ -1,20 +1,3 @@
-/*
-Copyright © 2020 ConsenSys
-
-Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-You may obtain a copy of the License at
-
-    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-
-Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-limitations under the License.
-*/
-
-// Package eddsa provides a ZKP-circuit function to verify a EdDSA signature.
 package eddsa
 
 import (