diff --git a/.github/workflows/build-desktop.yml b/.github/workflows/build-desktop.yml
index 17748fa6a08..5022184bd05 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/build-desktop.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/build-desktop.yml
@@ -174,20 +174,21 @@ jobs:
         with:
           path: |
             apps/desktop/desktop_native/napi/*.node
+            apps/desktop/desktop_native/dist/*
             ${{ env.RUNNER_TEMP }}/.cargo/registry
             ${{ env.RUNNER_TEMP }}/.cargo/git
           key: rust-${{ runner.os }}-${{ hashFiles('apps/desktop/desktop_native/**/*') }}
 
       - name: Build Native Module
         if: steps.cache.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
-        working-directory: apps/desktop/desktop_native/napi
+        working-directory: apps/desktop/desktop_native
         env:
           PKG_CONFIG_ALLOW_CROSS: true
           PKG_CONFIG_ALL_STATIC: true
           TARGET: musl
         run: |
           rustup target add x86_64-unknown-linux-musl
-          npm run build:cross-platform
+          node build.js cross-platform
 
       - name: Build application
         run: npm run dist:lin
@@ -301,13 +302,15 @@ jobs:
         uses: actions/cache@0c45773b623bea8c8e75f6c82b208c3cf94ea4f9 # v4.0.2
         id: cache
         with:
-          path: apps/desktop/desktop_native/napi/*.node
+          path: |
+            apps/desktop/desktop_native/napi/*.node
+            apps/desktop/desktop_native/dist/*
           key: rust-${{ runner.os }}-${{ hashFiles('apps/desktop/desktop_native/**/*') }}
 
       - name: Build Native Module
         if: steps.cache.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
-        working-directory: apps/desktop/desktop_native/napi
-        run: npm run build:cross-platform
+        working-directory: apps/desktop/desktop_native
+        run: node build.js cross-platform
 
       - name: Build & Sign (dev)
         env:
@@ -584,13 +587,15 @@ jobs:
         uses: actions/cache@0c45773b623bea8c8e75f6c82b208c3cf94ea4f9 # v4.0.2
         id: cache
         with:
-          path: apps/desktop/desktop_native/napi/*.node
+          path: |
+            apps/desktop/desktop_native/napi/*.node
+            apps/desktop/desktop_native/dist/*
           key: rust-${{ runner.os }}-${{ hashFiles('apps/desktop/desktop_native/**/*') }}
 
       - name: Build Native Module
         if: steps.cache.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
-        working-directory: apps/desktop/desktop_native/napi
-        run: npm run build:cross-platform
+        working-directory: apps/desktop/desktop_native
+        run: node build.js cross-platform
 
       - name: Build application (dev)
         run: npm run build
@@ -748,13 +753,15 @@ jobs:
         uses: actions/cache@0c45773b623bea8c8e75f6c82b208c3cf94ea4f9 # v4.0.2
         id: cache
         with:
-          path: apps/desktop/desktop_native/napi/*.node
+          path: |
+            apps/desktop/desktop_native/napi/*.node
+            apps/desktop/desktop_native/dist/*
           key: rust-${{ runner.os }}-${{ hashFiles('apps/desktop/desktop_native/**/*') }}
 
       - name: Build Native Module
         if: steps.cache.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
-        working-directory: apps/desktop/desktop_native/napi
-        run: npm run build:cross-platform
+        working-directory: apps/desktop/desktop_native
+        run: node build.js cross-platform
 
       - name: Build
         if: steps.build-cache.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
@@ -972,13 +979,15 @@ jobs:
         uses: actions/cache@0c45773b623bea8c8e75f6c82b208c3cf94ea4f9 # v4.0.2
         id: cache
         with:
-          path: apps/desktop/desktop_native/napi/*.node
+          path: |
+            apps/desktop/desktop_native/napi/*.node
+            apps/desktop/desktop_native/dist/*
           key: rust-${{ runner.os }}-${{ hashFiles('apps/desktop/desktop_native/**/*') }}
 
       - name: Build Native Module
         if: steps.cache.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
-        working-directory: apps/desktop/desktop_native/napi
-        run: npm run build:cross-platform
+        working-directory: apps/desktop/desktop_native
+        run: node build.js cross-platform
 
       - name: Build
         if: steps.build-cache.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
@@ -1205,13 +1214,15 @@ jobs:
         uses: actions/cache@0c45773b623bea8c8e75f6c82b208c3cf94ea4f9 # v4.0.2
         id: cache
         with:
-          path: apps/desktop/desktop_native/napi/*.node
+          path: |
+            apps/desktop/desktop_native/napi/*.node
+            apps/desktop/desktop_native/dist/*
           key: rust-${{ runner.os }}-${{ hashFiles('apps/desktop/desktop_native/**/*') }}
 
       - name: Build Native Module
         if: steps.cache.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
-        working-directory: apps/desktop/desktop_native/napi
-        run: npm run build:cross-platform
+        working-directory: apps/desktop/desktop_native
+        run: node build.js cross-platform
 
       - name: Build
         if: steps.build-cache.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
diff --git a/apps/browser/src/background/main.background.ts b/apps/browser/src/background/main.background.ts
index 7e9da00abac..62f9bf05dad 100644
--- a/apps/browser/src/background/main.background.ts
+++ b/apps/browser/src/background/main.background.ts
@@ -753,6 +753,7 @@ export default class MainBackground {
       this.accountService,
       this.masterPasswordService,
       this.cryptoService,
+      this.encryptService,
       this.apiService,
       this.stateProvider,
     );
diff --git a/apps/browser/src/platform/popup/layout/popup-tab-navigation.component.html b/apps/browser/src/platform/popup/layout/popup-tab-navigation.component.html
index a0ff252c6c2..972a60d31ad 100644
--- a/apps/browser/src/platform/popup/layout/popup-tab-navigation.component.html
+++ b/apps/browser/src/platform/popup/layout/popup-tab-navigation.component.html
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
     <div class="tw-flex tw-flex-1">
       <a
         *ngFor="let button of navButtons"
-        class="tw-group tw-flex tw-flex-col tw-items-center tw-gap-1 tw-px-0.5 tw-pb-2 tw-pt-3 tw-w-1/4 tw-no-underline hover:tw-no-underline hover:tw-text-primary-600 hover:tw-bg-primary-100 tw-border-2 tw-border-solid tw-border-transparent focus-visible:tw-rounded-lg focus-visible:tw-border-primary-500"
+        class="tw-flex-1 tw-group tw-flex tw-flex-col tw-items-center tw-gap-1 tw-px-0.5 tw-pb-2 tw-pt-3 tw-no-underline hover:tw-no-underline hover:tw-text-primary-600 hover:tw-bg-primary-100 tw-border-2 tw-border-solid tw-border-transparent focus-visible:tw-rounded-lg focus-visible:tw-border-primary-500"
         [ngClass]="rla.isActive ? 'tw-font-bold tw-text-primary-600' : 'tw-text-muted'"
         [title]="button.label"
         [routerLink]="button.page"
diff --git a/apps/browser/src/vault/popup/components/vault-v2/vault-list-items-container/vault-list-items-container.component.html b/apps/browser/src/vault/popup/components/vault-v2/vault-list-items-container/vault-list-items-container.component.html
index e24723d5831..bea6d9631ca 100644
--- a/apps/browser/src/vault/popup/components/vault-v2/vault-list-items-container/vault-list-items-container.component.html
+++ b/apps/browser/src/vault/popup/components/vault-v2/vault-list-items-container/vault-list-items-container.component.html
@@ -17,10 +17,14 @@ <h2 bitTypography="h6">
     {{ description }}
   </div>
   <bit-item-group>
-    <cdk-virtual-scroll-viewport [itemSize]="ItemHeight">
+    <cdk-virtual-scroll-viewport
+      [itemSize]="ItemHeight"
+      class="tw-overflow-visible [&>.cdk-virtual-scroll-content-wrapper]:[contain:layout_style]"
+    >
       <bit-item *cdkVirtualFor="let cipher of ciphers">
-        <a
+        <button
           bit-item-content
+          type="button"
           (click)="onViewCipher(cipher)"
           [appA11yTitle]="'viewItemTitle' | i18n: cipher.name"
           class="{{ ItemHeightClass }}"
@@ -40,7 +44,7 @@ <h2 bitTypography="h6">
             [appA11yTitle]="'attachments' | i18n"
           ></i>
           <span slot="secondary">{{ cipher.subTitle }}</span>
-        </a>
+        </button>
         <ng-container slot="end">
           <bit-item-action *ngIf="showAutofillButton">
             <button
diff --git a/apps/cli/src/admin-console/commands/confirm.command.ts b/apps/cli/src/admin-console/commands/confirm.command.ts
index 066cca48f13..42ceea55103 100644
--- a/apps/cli/src/admin-console/commands/confirm.command.ts
+++ b/apps/cli/src/admin-console/commands/confirm.command.ts
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import {
 } from "@bitwarden/admin-console/common";
 import { ApiService } from "@bitwarden/common/abstractions/api.service";
 import { CryptoService } from "@bitwarden/common/platform/abstractions/crypto.service";
+import { EncryptService } from "@bitwarden/common/platform/abstractions/encrypt.service";
 import { Utils } from "@bitwarden/common/platform/misc/utils";
 
 import { Response } from "../../models/response";
@@ -12,6 +13,7 @@ export class ConfirmCommand {
   constructor(
     private apiService: ApiService,
     private cryptoService: CryptoService,
+    private encryptService: EncryptService,
     private organizationUserApiService: OrganizationUserApiService,
   ) {}
 
@@ -53,7 +55,7 @@ export class ConfirmCommand {
       }
       const publicKeyResponse = await this.apiService.getUserPublicKey(orgUser.userId);
       const publicKey = Utils.fromB64ToArray(publicKeyResponse.publicKey);
-      const key = await this.cryptoService.rsaEncrypt(orgKey.key, publicKey);
+      const key = await this.encryptService.rsaEncrypt(orgKey.key, publicKey);
       const req = new OrganizationUserConfirmRequest();
       req.key = key.encryptedString;
       await this.organizationUserApiService.postOrganizationUserConfirm(
diff --git a/apps/cli/src/oss-serve-configurator.ts b/apps/cli/src/oss-serve-configurator.ts
index fd2a10975f3..94f466b447b 100644
--- a/apps/cli/src/oss-serve-configurator.ts
+++ b/apps/cli/src/oss-serve-configurator.ts
@@ -117,6 +117,7 @@ export class OssServeConfigurator {
     this.confirmCommand = new ConfirmCommand(
       this.serviceContainer.apiService,
       this.serviceContainer.cryptoService,
+      this.serviceContainer.encryptService,
       this.serviceContainer.organizationUserApiService,
     );
     this.restoreCommand = new RestoreCommand(this.serviceContainer.cipherService);
diff --git a/apps/cli/src/service-container/service-container.ts b/apps/cli/src/service-container/service-container.ts
index 2149b74f614..c339990ab95 100644
--- a/apps/cli/src/service-container/service-container.ts
+++ b/apps/cli/src/service-container/service-container.ts
@@ -534,6 +534,7 @@ export class ServiceContainer {
       this.accountService,
       this.masterPasswordService,
       this.cryptoService,
+      this.encryptService,
       this.apiService,
       this.stateProvider,
     );
diff --git a/apps/cli/src/vault.program.ts b/apps/cli/src/vault.program.ts
index 11876ef6ece..60b40b14336 100644
--- a/apps/cli/src/vault.program.ts
+++ b/apps/cli/src/vault.program.ts
@@ -415,6 +415,7 @@ export class VaultProgram extends BaseProgram {
         const command = new ConfirmCommand(
           this.serviceContainer.apiService,
           this.serviceContainer.cryptoService,
+          this.serviceContainer.encryptService,
           this.serviceContainer.organizationUserApiService,
         );
         const response = await command.run(object, id, cmd);
diff --git a/apps/desktop/desktop_native/.gitignore b/apps/desktop/desktop_native/.gitignore
index 96e7a71e1b0..1cfa7dafc20 100644
--- a/apps/desktop/desktop_native/.gitignore
+++ b/apps/desktop/desktop_native/.gitignore
@@ -4,3 +4,4 @@ index.node
 **/.DS_Store
 npm-debug.log*
 *.node
+dist
diff --git a/apps/desktop/desktop_native/Cargo.lock b/apps/desktop/desktop_native/Cargo.lock
index c64dff3436d..8d498ddd864 100644
--- a/apps/desktop/desktop_native/Cargo.lock
+++ b/apps/desktop/desktop_native/Cargo.lock
@@ -382,12 +382,6 @@ version = "1.5.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "1fd0f2584146f6f2ef48085050886acf353beff7305ebd1ae69500e27c67f64b"
 
-[[package]]
-name = "bytes"
-version = "1.7.1"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "1fd0f2584146f6f2ef48085050886acf353beff7305ebd1ae69500e27c67f64b"
-
 [[package]]
 name = "bytes"
 version = "1.7.2"
@@ -405,9 +399,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "cc"
-version = "1.1.23"
+version = "1.1.24"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "3bbb537bb4a30b90362caddba8f360c0a56bc13d3a5570028e7197204cb54a17"
+checksum = "812acba72f0a070b003d3697490d2b55b837230ae7c6c6497f05cc2ddbb8d938"
 dependencies = [
  "shlex",
 ]
@@ -645,6 +639,15 @@ dependencies = [
  "zeroize",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "deranged"
+version = "0.3.11"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "b42b6fa04a440b495c8b04d0e71b707c585f83cb9cb28cf8cd0d976c315e31b4"
+dependencies = [
+ "powerfmt",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "derive-new"
 version = "0.6.0"
@@ -669,13 +672,16 @@ dependencies = [
  "byteorder",
  "cbc",
  "core-foundation",
+ "dirs",
  "ed25519",
  "futures",
  "gio",
  "homedir",
+ "interprocess",
  "keytar",
  "libc",
  "libsecret",
+ "log",
  "pin-project",
  "pkcs8",
  "rand",
@@ -713,6 +719,21 @@ dependencies = [
  "napi-derive",
  "tokio",
  "tokio-stream",
+ "tokio-util",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "desktop_proxy"
+version = "0.0.0"
+dependencies = [
+ "anyhow",
+ "desktop_core",
+ "embed_plist",
+ "futures",
+ "log",
+ "simplelog",
+ "tokio",
+ "tokio-util",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -727,6 +748,27 @@ dependencies = [
  "subtle",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "dirs"
+version = "5.0.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "44c45a9d03d6676652bcb5e724c7e988de1acad23a711b5217ab9cbecbec2225"
+dependencies = [
+ "dirs-sys",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "dirs-sys"
+version = "0.4.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "520f05a5cbd335fae5a99ff7a6ab8627577660ee5cfd6a94a6a929b52ff0321c"
+dependencies = [
+ "libc",
+ "option-ext",
+ "redox_users",
+ "windows-sys 0.48.0",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "dlib"
 version = "0.5.2"
@@ -736,6 +778,12 @@ dependencies = [
  "libloading",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "doctest-file"
+version = "1.0.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "aac81fa3e28d21450aa4d2ac065992ba96a1d7303efbce51a95f4fd175b67562"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "downcast-rs"
 version = "1.2.1"
@@ -764,6 +812,12 @@ dependencies = [
  "subtle",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "embed_plist"
+version = "1.2.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "4ef6b89e5b37196644d8796de5268852ff179b44e96276cf4290264843743bb7"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "endi"
 version = "1.1.0"
@@ -1044,7 +1098,7 @@ version = "0.19.9"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "39650279f135469465018daae0ba53357942a5212137515777d5fdca74984a44"
 dependencies = [
- "bitflags 2.5.0",
+ "bitflags 2.6.0",
  "futures-channel",
  "futures-core",
  "futures-executor",
@@ -1174,6 +1228,27 @@ dependencies = [
  "generic-array",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "interprocess"
+version = "2.2.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "d2f4e4a06d42fab3e85ab1b419ad32b09eab58b901d40c57935ff92db3287a13"
+dependencies = [
+ "doctest-file",
+ "futures-core",
+ "libc",
+ "recvmsg",
+ "tokio",
+ "widestring",
+ "windows-sys 0.52.0",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "itoa"
+version = "1.0.11"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "49f1f14873335454500d59611f1cf4a4b0f786f9ac11f4312a78e4cf2566695b"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "keytar"
 version = "0.1.6"
@@ -1226,6 +1301,16 @@ version = "0.2.8"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "4ec2a862134d2a7d32d7983ddcdd1c4923530833c9f2ea1a44fc5fa473989058"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "libredox"
+version = "0.1.3"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "c0ff37bd590ca25063e35af745c343cb7a0271906fb7b37e4813e8f79f00268d"
+dependencies = [
+ "bitflags 2.6.0",
+ "libc",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "libsecret"
 version = "0.5.0"
@@ -1324,23 +1409,23 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "mio"
-version = "1.0.1"
+version = "1.0.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "4569e456d394deccd22ce1c1913e6ea0e54519f577285001215d33557431afe4"
+checksum = "80e04d1dcff3aae0704555fe5fee3bcfaf3d1fdf8a7e521d5b9d2b42acb52cec"
 dependencies = [
  "hermit-abi 0.3.9",
  "libc",
  "wasi",
- "windows-sys",
+ "windows-sys 0.52.0",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "napi"
-version = "2.16.6"
+version = "2.16.7"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "dfc300228808a0e6aea5a58115c82889240bcf8dab16fc25ad675b33e454b368"
+checksum = "633e41b2b983cf7983134f0c50986ca524d0caf38a2c6fc893ea3fa2e26abb0c"
 dependencies = [
- "bitflags 2.5.0",
+ "bitflags 2.6.0",
  "ctor",
  "napi-derive",
  "napi-sys",
@@ -1356,9 +1441,9 @@ checksum = "e1c0f5d67ee408a4685b61f5ab7e58605c8ae3f2b4189f0127d804ff13d5560a"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "napi-derive"
-version = "2.16.5"
+version = "2.16.6"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "e0e034ddf6155192cf83f267ede763fe6c164dfa9971585436b16173718d94c4"
+checksum = "70a8a778fd367b13c64232e58632514b795514ece491ce136d96e976d34a3eb8"
 dependencies = [
  "cfg-if",
  "convert_case",
@@ -1411,7 +1496,7 @@ version = "0.28.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "ab2156c4fce2f8df6c499cc1c763e4394b7482525bf2a9701c9d79d215f519e4"
 dependencies = [
- "bitflags 2.5.0",
+ "bitflags 2.6.0",
  "cfg-if",
  "cfg_aliases 0.1.1",
  "libc",
@@ -1423,7 +1508,7 @@ version = "0.29.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "71e2746dc3a24dd78b3cfcb7be93368c6de9963d30f43a6a73998a9cf4b17b46"
 dependencies = [
- "bitflags 2.5.0",
+ "bitflags 2.6.0",
  "cfg-if",
  "cfg_aliases 0.2.1",
  "libc",
@@ -1457,6 +1542,12 @@ dependencies = [
  "zeroize",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "num-conv"
+version = "0.1.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "51d515d32fb182ee37cda2ccdcb92950d6a3c2893aa280e540671c2cd0f3b1d9"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "num-integer"
 version = "0.1.46"
@@ -1487,6 +1578,15 @@ dependencies = [
  "libm",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "num_threads"
+version = "0.1.7"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "5c7398b9c8b70908f6371f47ed36737907c87c52af34c268fed0bf0ceb92ead9"
+dependencies = [
+ "libc",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "objc-sys"
 version = "0.3.5"
@@ -1509,7 +1609,7 @@ version = "0.2.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "e4e89ad9e3d7d297152b17d39ed92cd50ca8063a89a9fa569046d41568891eff"
 dependencies = [
- "bitflags 2.5.0",
+ "bitflags 2.6.0",
  "block2",
  "libc",
  "objc2",
@@ -1525,7 +1625,7 @@ version = "0.2.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "617fbf49e071c178c0b24c080767db52958f716d9eabdf0890523aeae54773ef"
 dependencies = [
- "bitflags 2.5.0",
+ "bitflags 2.6.0",
  "block2",
  "objc2",
  "objc2-foundation",
@@ -1555,7 +1655,7 @@ version = "0.2.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "0ee638a5da3799329310ad4cfa62fbf045d5f56e3ef5ba4149e7452dcf89d5a8"
 dependencies = [
- "bitflags 2.5.0",
+ "bitflags 2.6.0",
  "block2",
  "libc",
  "objc2",
@@ -1567,7 +1667,7 @@ version = "0.2.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "dd0cba1276f6023976a406a14ffa85e1fdd19df6b0f737b063b95f6c8c7aadd6"
 dependencies = [
- "bitflags 2.5.0",
+ "bitflags 2.6.0",
  "block2",
  "objc2",
  "objc2-foundation",
@@ -1579,7 +1679,7 @@ version = "0.2.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "e42bee7bff906b14b167da2bac5efe6b6a07e6f7c0a21a7308d40c960242dc7a"
 dependencies = [
- "bitflags 2.5.0",
+ "bitflags 2.6.0",
  "block2",
  "objc2",
  "objc2-foundation",
@@ -1610,6 +1710,12 @@ version = "0.3.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "c08d65885ee38876c4f86fa503fb49d7b507c2b62552df7c70b2fce627e06381"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "option-ext"
+version = "0.2.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "04744f49eae99ab78e0d5c0b603ab218f515ea8cfe5a456d7629ad883a3b6e7d"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "ordered-stream"
 version = "0.2.0"
@@ -1819,6 +1925,12 @@ version = "1.9.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "cc9c68a3f6da06753e9335d63e27f6b9754dd1920d941135b7ea8224f141adb2"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "powerfmt"
+version = "0.2.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "439ee305def115ba05938db6eb1644ff94165c5ab5e9420d1c1bcedbba909391"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "ppv-lite86"
 version = "0.2.20"
@@ -1894,13 +2006,30 @@ dependencies = [
  "getrandom",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "recvmsg"
+version = "1.0.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "d3edd4d5d42c92f0a659926464d4cce56b562761267ecf0f469d85b7de384175"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "redox_syscall"
 version = "0.5.7"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "9b6dfecf2c74bce2466cabf93f6664d6998a69eb21e39f4207930065b27b771f"
 dependencies = [
- "bitflags 2.5.0",
+ "bitflags 2.6.0",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "redox_users"
+version = "0.4.6"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "ba009ff324d1fc1b900bd1fdb31564febe58a8ccc8a6fdbb93b543d33b13ca43"
+dependencies = [
+ "getrandom",
+ "libredox",
+ "thiserror",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1993,7 +2122,7 @@ version = "0.38.34"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "70dc5ec042f7a43c4a73241207cecc9873a06d45debb38b329f8541d85c2730f"
 dependencies = [
- "bitflags 2.5.0",
+ "bitflags 2.6.0",
  "errno",
  "libc",
  "linux-raw-sys",
@@ -2044,7 +2173,7 @@ version = "2.11.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "c627723fd09706bacdb5cf41499e95098555af3c3c29d014dc3c458ef6be11c0"
 dependencies = [
- "bitflags 2.5.0",
+ "bitflags 2.6.0",
  "core-foundation",
  "core-foundation-sys",
  "libc",
@@ -2154,6 +2283,17 @@ dependencies = [
  "rand_core",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "simplelog"
+version = "0.12.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "16257adbfaef1ee58b1363bdc0664c9b8e1e30aed86049635fb5f147d065a9c0"
+dependencies = [
+ "log",
+ "termcolor",
+ "time",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "slab"
 version = "0.4.9"
@@ -2176,7 +2316,7 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "ce305eb0b4296696835b71df73eb912e0f1ffd2556a501fcede6e0c50349191c"
 dependencies = [
  "libc",
- "windows-sys",
+ "windows-sys 0.52.0",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -2326,6 +2466,39 @@ dependencies = [
  "syn",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "time"
+version = "0.3.36"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "5dfd88e563464686c916c7e46e623e520ddc6d79fa6641390f2e3fa86e83e885"
+dependencies = [
+ "deranged",
+ "itoa",
+ "libc",
+ "num-conv",
+ "num_threads",
+ "powerfmt",
+ "serde",
+ "time-core",
+ "time-macros",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "time-core"
+version = "0.1.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "ef927ca75afb808a4d64dd374f00a2adf8d0fcff8e7b184af886c3c87ec4a3f3"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "time-macros"
+version = "0.2.18"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "3f252a68540fde3a3877aeea552b832b40ab9a69e318efd078774a01ddee1ccf"
+dependencies = [
+ "num-conv",
+ "time-core",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "tokio"
 version = "1.40.0"
@@ -2339,7 +2512,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "pin-project-lite",
  "socket2",
  "tokio-macros",
- "windows-sys",
+ "windows-sys 0.52.0",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -2539,7 +2712,7 @@ version = "0.31.6"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "e3f45d1222915ef1fd2057220c1d9d9624b7654443ea35c3877f7a52bd0a5a2d"
 dependencies = [
- "bitflags 2.5.0",
+ "bitflags 2.6.0",
  "rustix",
  "wayland-backend",
  "wayland-scanner",
@@ -2551,7 +2724,7 @@ version = "0.31.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "8f81f365b8b4a97f422ac0e8737c438024b5951734506b0e1d775c73030561f4"
 dependencies = [
- "bitflags 2.5.0",
+ "bitflags 2.6.0",
  "wayland-backend",
  "wayland-client",
  "wayland-scanner",
@@ -2563,7 +2736,7 @@ version = "0.2.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "ad1f61b76b6c2d8742e10f9ba5c3737f6530b4c243132c2a2ccc8aa96fe25cd6"
 dependencies = [
- "bitflags 2.5.0",
+ "bitflags 2.6.0",
  "wayland-backend",
  "wayland-client",
  "wayland-protocols",
@@ -2682,6 +2855,15 @@ dependencies = [
  "windows-targets 0.52.6",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "windows-sys"
+version = "0.48.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "677d2418bec65e3338edb076e806bc1ec15693c5d0104683f2efe857f61056a9"
+dependencies = [
+ "windows-targets 0.48.5",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "windows-sys"
 version = "0.52.0"
@@ -2952,12 +3134,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "zbus",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "zeroize"
-version = "1.8.1"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "ced3678a2879b30306d323f4542626697a464a97c0a07c9aebf7ebca65cd4dde"
-
 [[package]]
 name = "zerocopy"
 version = "0.7.35"
@@ -2979,6 +3155,12 @@ dependencies = [
  "syn",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "zeroize"
+version = "1.8.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "ced3678a2879b30306d323f4542626697a464a97c0a07c9aebf7ebca65cd4dde"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "zvariant"
 version = "4.1.2"
diff --git a/apps/desktop/desktop_native/Cargo.toml b/apps/desktop/desktop_native/Cargo.toml
index c6b77473b2a..6525b38162d 100644
--- a/apps/desktop/desktop_native/Cargo.toml
+++ b/apps/desktop/desktop_native/Cargo.toml
@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
 [workspace]
 resolver = "2"
-members = ["napi", "core"]
+members = ["napi", "core", "proxy"]
diff --git a/apps/desktop/desktop_native/build.js b/apps/desktop/desktop_native/build.js
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..f2f012bf088
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/desktop/desktop_native/build.js
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+/* eslint-disable @typescript-eslint/no-var-requires */
+const child_process = require("child_process");
+const fs = require("fs");
+const path = require("path");
+const process = require("process");
+
+let crossPlatform = process.argv.length > 2 && process.argv[2] === "cross-platform";
+
+function buildNapiModule(target, release = true) {
+    const targetArg = target ? `--target ${target}` : "";
+    const releaseArg = release ? "--release" : "";
+    return child_process.execSync(`npm run build -- ${releaseArg} ${targetArg}`, { stdio: 'inherit', cwd: path.join(__dirname, "napi") });
+}
+
+function buildProxyBin(target, release = true) {
+    const targetArg = target ? `--target ${target}` : "";
+    const releaseArg = release ? "--release" : "";
+    return child_process.execSync(`cargo build --bin desktop_proxy ${releaseArg} ${targetArg}`, {stdio: 'inherit', cwd: path.join(__dirname, "proxy")});
+}
+
+if (!crossPlatform) {
+    console.log("Building native modules in debug mode for the native architecture");
+    buildNapiModule(false, false);
+    buildProxyBin(false, false);
+    return;
+}
+
+// Note that targets contains pairs of [rust target, node arch]
+// We do this to move the output binaries to a location that can
+// be easily accessed from electron-builder using ${os} and ${arch}
+let targets = [];
+switch (process.platform) {
+    case "win32":
+        targets = [
+            ["i686-pc-windows-msvc", 'ia32'],
+            ["x86_64-pc-windows-msvc", 'x64'],
+            ["aarch64-pc-windows-msvc", 'arm64']
+        ];
+    break;
+
+    case "darwin":
+        targets = [
+            ["x86_64-apple-darwin", 'x64'],
+            ["aarch64-apple-darwin", 'arm64']
+        ];
+    break;
+
+    default:
+        targets = [
+            ['x86_64-unknown-linux-musl', 'x64']
+        ];
+
+        process.env["PKG_CONFIG_ALLOW_CROSS"] = "1";
+        process.env["PKG_CONFIG_ALL_STATIC"] = "1";
+    break;
+}
+
+console.log("Cross building native modules for the targets: ", targets.map(([target, _]) => target).join(", "));
+
+fs.mkdirSync(path.join(__dirname, "dist"), { recursive: true });
+
+targets.forEach(([target, nodeArch]) => {
+    buildNapiModule(target);
+    buildProxyBin(target);
+
+    const ext = process.platform === "win32" ? ".exe" : "";
+    fs.copyFileSync(path.join(__dirname, "target", target, "release", `desktop_proxy${ext}`), path.join(__dirname, "dist", `desktop_proxy.${process.platform}-${nodeArch}${ext}`));
+});
diff --git a/apps/desktop/desktop_native/core/Cargo.toml b/apps/desktop/desktop_native/core/Cargo.toml
index 438cf783fee..3799748148a 100644
--- a/apps/desktop/desktop_native/core/Cargo.toml
+++ b/apps/desktop/desktop_native/core/Cargo.toml
@@ -6,9 +6,21 @@ version = "0.0.0"
 publish = false
 
 [features]
-default = []
+default = ["sys"]
 manual_test = []
 
+sys = [
+  "dep:widestring",
+  "dep:windows",
+  "dep:core-foundation",
+  "dep:security-framework",
+  "dep:security-framework-sys",
+  "dep:gio",
+  "dep:libsecret",
+  "dep:zbus",
+  "dep:zbus_polkit",
+]
+
 [dependencies]
 aes = "=0.8.4"
 anyhow = "=1.0.86"
@@ -19,10 +31,13 @@ async-stream = "0.3.5"
 base64 = "=0.22.1"
 byteorder = "1.5.0"
 cbc = { version = "=0.1.2", features = ["alloc"] }
-futures = "0.3.30"
 homedir = "0.3.3"
 libc = "=0.2.155"
 pin-project = "1.1.5"
+dirs = "=5.0.1"
+futures = "=0.3.30"
+interprocess = { version = "=2.2.1", features = ["tokio"] }
+log = "=0.4.22"
 rand = "=0.8.5"
 retry = "=2.0.0"
 russh-cryptovec = "0.7.3"
@@ -37,39 +52,39 @@ ssh-key = { version = "0.6.6", default-features = false, features = [
 ] }
 bitwarden-russh = { git = "https://github.com/bitwarden/bitwarden-russh.git", branch = "km/pm-10098/clean-russh-implementation" }
 thiserror = "=1.0.63"
-tokio = { version = "1.38.0", features = ["io-util", "sync", "macros", "net"] }
-tokio-stream = { version = "0.1.15", features = ["net"] }
-tokio-util = "0.7.11"
+tokio = { version = "=1.40.0", features = ["io-util", "sync", "macros", "net"] }
+tokio-stream = { version = "=0.1.15", features = ["net"] }
+tokio-util = "=0.7.11"
 typenum = "=1.17.0"
-rand_chacha = "0.3.1"
-pkcs8 = { version = "0.10.2", features = ["alloc", "encryption", "pem"] }
-rsa = "0.9.6"
-ed25519 = { version = "2.2.3", features = ["pkcs8"] }
+rand_chacha = "=0.3.1"
+pkcs8 = { version = "=0.10.2", features = ["alloc", "encryption", "pem"] }
+rsa = "=0.9.6"
+ed25519 = { version = "=2.2.3", features = ["pkcs8"] }
 
 [target.'cfg(windows)'.dependencies]
-widestring = "=1.1.0"
+widestring = { version = "=1.1.0", optional = true }
 windows = { version = "=0.57.0", features = [
-    "Foundation",
-    "Security_Credentials_UI",
-    "Security_Cryptography",
-    "Storage_Streams",
-    "Win32_Foundation",
-    "Win32_Security_Credentials",
-    "Win32_System_WinRT",
-    "Win32_UI_Input_KeyboardAndMouse",
-    "Win32_UI_WindowsAndMessaging",
-] }
+  "Foundation",
+  "Security_Credentials_UI",
+  "Security_Cryptography",
+  "Storage_Streams",
+  "Win32_Foundation",
+  "Win32_Security_Credentials",
+  "Win32_System_WinRT",
+  "Win32_UI_Input_KeyboardAndMouse",
+  "Win32_UI_WindowsAndMessaging",
+], optional = true }
 
 [target.'cfg(windows)'.dev-dependencies]
 keytar = "=0.1.6"
 
 [target.'cfg(target_os = "macos")'.dependencies]
-core-foundation = "=0.9.4"
-security-framework = "=2.11.0"
-security-framework-sys = "=2.11.0"
+core-foundation = { version = "=0.9.4", optional = true }
+security-framework = { version = "=2.11.0", optional = true }
+security-framework-sys = { version = "=2.11.0", optional = true }
 
 [target.'cfg(target_os = "linux")'.dependencies]
-gio = "=0.19.5"
-libsecret = "=0.5.0"
-zbus = "=4.3.1"
-zbus_polkit = "=4.0.0"
+gio = { version = "=0.19.5", optional = true }
+libsecret = { version = "=0.5.0", optional = true }
+zbus = { version = "=4.3.1", optional = true }
+zbus_polkit = { version = "=4.0.0", optional = true }
diff --git a/apps/desktop/desktop_native/core/src/ipc/client.rs b/apps/desktop/desktop_native/core/src/ipc/client.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..7eff8a10974
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/desktop/desktop_native/core/src/ipc/client.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+use std::path::PathBuf;
+
+use interprocess::local_socket::{
+    tokio::{prelude::*, Stream},
+    GenericFilePath, ToFsName,
+};
+use log::{error, info};
+use tokio::io::{AsyncReadExt, AsyncWriteExt};
+
+use crate::ipc::NATIVE_MESSAGING_BUFFER_SIZE;
+
+pub async fn connect(
+    path: PathBuf,
+    send: tokio::sync::mpsc::Sender<String>,
+    mut recv: tokio::sync::mpsc::Receiver<String>,
+) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
+    info!("Attempting to connect to {}", path.display());
+
+    let name = path.as_os_str().to_fs_name::<GenericFilePath>()?;
+    let mut conn = Stream::connect(name).await?;
+
+    info!("Connected to {}", path.display());
+
+    // This `connected` and the latter `disconnected` messages are the only ones that
+    // are sent from the Rust IPC code and not just forwarded from the desktop app.
+    // As it's only two, we hardcode the JSON values to avoid pulling in a JSON library.
+    send.send("{\"command\":\"connected\"}".to_owned()).await?;
+
+    let mut buffer = vec![0; NATIVE_MESSAGING_BUFFER_SIZE];
+
+    // Listen to IPC messages
+    loop {
+        tokio::select! {
+            // Forward messages to the IPC server
+            msg = recv.recv() => {
+                match msg {
+                    Some(msg) => {
+                        conn.write_all(msg.as_bytes()).await?;
+                    }
+                    None => {
+                        info!("Client channel closed");
+                        break;
+                    },
+                }
+            },
+
+            // Forward messages from the IPC server
+            res = conn.read(&mut buffer[..]) => {
+                match res {
+                    Err(e) => {
+                        error!("Error reading from IPC server: {e}");
+                        break;
+                    }
+                    Ok(0) => {
+                        info!("Connection closed");
+                        break;
+                    }
+                    Ok(n) => {
+                        let message = String::from_utf8_lossy(&buffer[..n]).to_string();
+                        send.send(message).await?;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    let _ = send.send("{\"command\":\"disconnected\"}".to_owned()).await;
+
+    Ok(())
+}
diff --git a/apps/desktop/desktop_native/core/src/ipc/mod.rs b/apps/desktop/desktop_native/core/src/ipc/mod.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..c7ac1a43404
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/desktop/desktop_native/core/src/ipc/mod.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+pub mod client;
+pub mod server;
+
+/// The maximum size of a message that can be sent over IPC.
+/// According to the documentation, the maximum size sent to the browser is 1MB.
+/// While the maximum size sent from the browser to the native messaging host is 4GB.
+///
+/// Currently we are setting the maximum both ways to be 1MB.
+///
+/// https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Mozilla/Add-ons/WebExtensions/Native_messaging#app_side
+/// https://developer.chrome.com/docs/extensions/develop/concepts/native-messaging#native-messaging-host-protocol
+pub const NATIVE_MESSAGING_BUFFER_SIZE: usize = 1024 * 1024;
+
+/// The maximum number of messages that can be buffered in a channel.
+/// This number is more or less arbitrary and can be adjusted as needed,
+/// but ideally the messages should be processed as quickly as possible.
+pub const MESSAGE_CHANNEL_BUFFER: usize = 32;
+
+/// Resolve the path to the IPC socket.
+pub fn path(name: &str) -> std::path::PathBuf {
+    #[cfg(target_os = "windows")]
+    {
+        // Use a unique IPC pipe //./pipe/xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx.app.bitwarden per user.
+        // Hashing prevents problems with reserved characters and file length limitations.
+        use base64::{engine::general_purpose::URL_SAFE_NO_PAD, Engine};
+        use sha2::Digest;
+        let home = dirs::home_dir().unwrap();
+        let hash = sha2::Sha256::digest(home.as_os_str().as_encoded_bytes());
+        let hash_b64 = URL_SAFE_NO_PAD.encode(hash.as_slice());
+
+        format!(r"\\.\pipe\{hash_b64}.app.{name}").into()
+    }
+
+    #[cfg(target_os = "macos")]
+    {
+        let mut home = dirs::home_dir().unwrap();
+
+        // When running in an unsandboxed environment, path is: /Users/<user>/
+        // While running sandboxed, it's different: /Users/<user>/Library/Containers/com.bitwarden.desktop/Data
+        //
+        // We want to use App Groups in /Users/<user>/Library/Group Containers/LTZ2PFU5D6.com.bitwarden.desktop,
+        // so we need to remove all the components after the user.
+        // Note that we subtract 3 because the root directory is counted as a component (/, Users, <user>).
+        let num_components = home.components().count();
+        for _ in 0..num_components - 3 {
+            home.pop();
+        }
+
+        let tmp = home.join("Library/Group Containers/LTZ2PFU5D6.com.bitwarden.desktop/tmp");
+
+        // The tmp directory might not exist, so create it
+        let _ = std::fs::create_dir_all(&tmp);
+        tmp.join(format!("app.{name}"))
+    }
+
+    #[cfg(target_os = "linux")]
+    {
+        // On Linux, we use the user's cache directory.
+        let home = dirs::cache_dir().unwrap();
+        let path_dir = home.join("com.bitwarden.desktop");
+
+        // The chache directory might not exist, so create it
+        let _ = std::fs::create_dir_all(&path_dir);
+        path_dir.join(format!("app.{name}"))
+    }
+}
diff --git a/apps/desktop/desktop_native/core/src/ipc/server.rs b/apps/desktop/desktop_native/core/src/ipc/server.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..053b4322203
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/desktop/desktop_native/core/src/ipc/server.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,232 @@
+use std::{error::Error, path::Path, vec};
+
+use futures::TryFutureExt;
+
+use anyhow::Result;
+use interprocess::local_socket::{tokio::prelude::*, GenericFilePath, ListenerOptions};
+use log::{error, info};
+use tokio::{
+    io::{AsyncRead, AsyncReadExt, AsyncWrite, AsyncWriteExt},
+    sync::{broadcast, mpsc},
+};
+use tokio_util::sync::CancellationToken;
+
+use super::{MESSAGE_CHANNEL_BUFFER, NATIVE_MESSAGING_BUFFER_SIZE};
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct Message {
+    pub client_id: u32,
+    pub kind: MessageType,
+    // This value should be Some for MessageType::Message and None for the rest
+    pub message: Option<String>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub enum MessageType {
+    Connected,
+    Disconnected,
+    Message,
+}
+
+pub struct Server {
+    cancel_token: CancellationToken,
+    server_to_clients_send: broadcast::Sender<String>,
+}
+
+impl Server {
+    /// Create and start the IPC server without blocking.
+    ///
+    /// # Parameters
+    ///
+    /// - `name`: The endpoint name to listen on. This name uniquely identifies the IPC connection and must be the same for both the server and client.
+    /// - `client_to_server_send`: This [`mpsc::Sender<Message>`] will receive all the [`Message`]'s that the clients send to this server.
+    pub fn start(
+        path: &Path,
+        client_to_server_send: mpsc::Sender<Message>,
+    ) -> Result<Self, Box<dyn Error>> {
+        // If the unix socket file already exists, we get an error when trying to bind to it. So we remove it first.
+        // Any processes that were using the old socket should remain connected to it but any new connections will use the new socket.
+        if !cfg!(windows) {
+            let _ = std::fs::remove_file(path);
+        }
+
+        let name = path.as_os_str().to_fs_name::<GenericFilePath>()?;
+        let opts = ListenerOptions::new().name(name);
+        let listener = opts.create_tokio()?;
+
+        // This broadcast channel is used for sending messages to all connected clients, and so the sender
+        // will be stored in the server while the receiver will be cloned and passed to each client handler.
+        let (server_to_clients_send, server_to_clients_recv) =
+            broadcast::channel::<String>(MESSAGE_CHANNEL_BUFFER);
+
+        // This cancellation token allows us to cleanly stop the server and all the spawned
+        // tasks without having to wait on all the pending tasks finalizing first
+        let cancel_token = CancellationToken::new();
+
+        // Create the server and start listening for incoming connections
+        // in a separate task to avoid blocking the current task
+        let server = Server {
+            cancel_token: cancel_token.clone(),
+            server_to_clients_send,
+        };
+        tokio::spawn(listen_incoming(
+            listener,
+            client_to_server_send,
+            server_to_clients_recv,
+            cancel_token,
+        ));
+
+        Ok(server)
+    }
+
+    /// Send a message over the IPC server to all the connected clients
+    ///
+    /// # Returns
+    ///
+    /// The number of clients that the message was sent to. Note that the number of messages
+    /// sent may be less than the number of connected clients if some clients disconnect while
+    /// the message is being sent.
+    pub fn send(&self, message: String) -> Result<usize> {
+        let sent = self.server_to_clients_send.send(message)?;
+        Ok(sent)
+    }
+
+    /// Stop the IPC server.
+    pub fn stop(&self) {
+        self.cancel_token.cancel();
+    }
+}
+
+impl Drop for Server {
+    fn drop(&mut self) {
+        self.stop();
+    }
+}
+
+async fn listen_incoming(
+    listener: LocalSocketListener,
+    client_to_server_send: mpsc::Sender<Message>,
+    server_to_clients_recv: broadcast::Receiver<String>,
+    cancel_token: CancellationToken,
+) {
+    // We use a simple incrementing ID for each client
+    let mut next_client_id = 1_u32;
+
+    loop {
+        tokio::select! {
+            _ = cancel_token.cancelled() => {
+                info!("IPC server cancelled.");
+                break;
+            },
+
+            // A new client connection has been established
+            msg = listener.accept() => {
+                match msg {
+                    Ok(client_stream) => {
+                        let client_id = next_client_id;
+                        next_client_id += 1;
+
+                        let future = handle_connection(
+                            client_stream,
+                            client_to_server_send.clone(),
+                            // We resubscribe to the receiver here so this task can have it's own copy
+                            // Note that this copy will only receive messages sent after this point,
+                            // but that is okay, realistically we don't want any messages before we get a chance
+                            // to send the connected message to the client, which is done inside [`handle_connection`]
+                            server_to_clients_recv.resubscribe(),
+                            cancel_token.clone(),
+                            client_id
+                        );
+                        tokio::spawn(future.map_err(|e| {
+                            error!("Error handling connection: {}", e)
+                        }));
+                    },
+                    Err(e) => {
+                        error!("Error accepting connection: {}", e);
+                        break;
+                    },
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+async fn handle_connection(
+    mut client_stream: impl AsyncRead + AsyncWrite + Unpin,
+    client_to_server_send: mpsc::Sender<Message>,
+    mut server_to_clients_recv: broadcast::Receiver<String>,
+    cancel_token: CancellationToken,
+    client_id: u32,
+) -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error>> {
+    client_to_server_send
+        .send(Message {
+            client_id,
+            kind: MessageType::Connected,
+            message: None,
+        })
+        .await?;
+
+    let mut buf = vec![0u8; NATIVE_MESSAGING_BUFFER_SIZE];
+
+    loop {
+        tokio::select! {
+            _ = cancel_token.cancelled() => {
+                info!("Client {client_id} cancelled.");
+                break;
+            },
+
+            // Forward messages to the IPC clients
+            msg = server_to_clients_recv.recv() => {
+                match msg {
+                    Ok(msg) => {
+                        client_stream.write_all(msg.as_bytes()).await?;
+                    },
+                    Err(e) => {
+                        info!("Error reading message: {}", e);
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+            },
+
+            // Forwards messages from the IPC clients to the server
+            // Note that we also send connect and disconnect events so that
+            // the server can keep track of multiple clients
+            result = client_stream.read(&mut buf) => {
+                match result {
+                    Err(e)  => {
+                        info!("Error reading from client {client_id}: {e}");
+
+                        client_to_server_send.send(Message {
+                            client_id,
+                            kind: MessageType::Disconnected,
+                            message: None,
+                        }).await?;
+                        break;
+                    },
+                    Ok(0) => {
+                        info!("Client {client_id} disconnected.");
+
+                        client_to_server_send.send(Message {
+                            client_id,
+                            kind: MessageType::Disconnected,
+                            message: None,
+                        }).await?;
+                        break;
+                    },
+                    Ok(size) => {
+                        let msg = std::str::from_utf8(&buf[..size])?;
+
+                        client_to_server_send.send(Message {
+                            client_id,
+                            kind: MessageType::Message,
+                            message: Some(msg.to_string()),
+                        }).await?;
+                    },
+
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    Ok(())
+}
diff --git a/apps/desktop/desktop_native/core/src/lib.rs b/apps/desktop/desktop_native/core/src/lib.rs
index 921149d41bb..f38e6ef97b4 100644
--- a/apps/desktop/desktop_native/core/src/lib.rs
+++ b/apps/desktop/desktop_native/core/src/lib.rs
@@ -1,8 +1,16 @@
+#[cfg(feature = "sys")]
 pub mod biometric;
+#[cfg(feature = "sys")]
 pub mod clipboard;
 pub mod crypto;
 pub mod error;
+pub mod ipc;
+#[cfg(feature = "sys")]
 pub mod password;
-pub mod powermonitor;
+#[cfg(feature = "sys")]
 pub mod process_isolation;
+#[cfg(feature = "sys")]
+pub mod powermonitor;
+#[cfg(feature = "sys")]
+
 pub mod ssh_agent;
diff --git a/apps/desktop/desktop_native/napi/Cargo.toml b/apps/desktop/desktop_native/napi/Cargo.toml
index bef7a766c76..d4cfaf2eb36 100644
--- a/apps/desktop/desktop_native/napi/Cargo.toml
+++ b/apps/desktop/desktop_native/napi/Cargo.toml
@@ -15,13 +15,14 @@ manual_test = []
 
 [dependencies]
 anyhow = "=1.0.86"
-base64 = "0.22.1"
+base64 = "=0.22.1"
 desktop_core = { path = "../core" }
-hex = "0.4.3"
-napi = { version = "=2.16.6", features = ["async"] }
-napi-derive = "=2.16.5"
-tokio = "1.39.1"
-tokio-stream = "0.1.15"
+hex = "=0.4.3"
+napi = { version = "=2.16.7", features = ["async"] }
+napi-derive = "=2.16.6"
+tokio = { version = "=1.40.0" }
+tokio-util = "=0.7.11"
+tokio-stream = "=0.1.15"
 
 [build-dependencies]
 napi-build = "=2.1.3"
diff --git a/apps/desktop/desktop_native/napi/build.js b/apps/desktop/desktop_native/napi/build.js
deleted file mode 100644
index 6c92dbad1b6..00000000000
--- a/apps/desktop/desktop_native/napi/build.js
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,24 +0,0 @@
-/* eslint-disable @typescript-eslint/no-var-requires */
-const child_process = require("child_process");
-const process = require("process");
-
-let targets = [];
-switch (process.platform) {
-    case "win32":
-        targets = ["i686-pc-windows-msvc", "x86_64-pc-windows-msvc", "aarch64-pc-windows-msvc"];
-    break;
-
-    case "darwin":
-        targets = ["x86_64-apple-darwin", "aarch64-apple-darwin"];
-    break;
-
-    default:
-        targets = ['x86_64-unknown-linux-musl'];
-        process.env["PKG_CONFIG_ALLOW_CROSS"] = "1";
-        process.env["PKG_CONFIG_ALL_STATIC"] = "1";
-    break;
-}
-
-targets.forEach(target => {
-    child_process.execSync(`npm run build -- --target ${target}`, {stdio: 'inherit'});
-});
diff --git a/apps/desktop/desktop_native/napi/index.d.ts b/apps/desktop/desktop_native/napi/index.d.ts
index c06b2dfc9fe..be33f3b6bdf 100644
--- a/apps/desktop/desktop_native/napi/index.d.ts
+++ b/apps/desktop/desktop_native/napi/index.d.ts
@@ -86,3 +86,33 @@ export namespace powermonitors {
   export function onLock(callback: (err: Error | null, ) => any): Promise<void>
   export function isLockMonitorAvailable(): Promise<boolean>
 }
+export namespace ipc {
+  export interface IpcMessage {
+    clientId: number
+    kind: IpcMessageType
+    message?: string
+  }
+  export const enum IpcMessageType {
+    Connected = 0,
+    Disconnected = 1,
+    Message = 2
+  }
+  export class IpcServer {
+    /**
+     * Create and start the IPC server without blocking.
+     *
+     * @param name The endpoint name to listen on. This name uniquely identifies the IPC connection and must be the same for both the server and client.
+     * @param callback This function will be called whenever a message is received from a client.
+     */
+    static listen(name: string, callback: (error: null | Error, message: IpcMessage) => void): Promise<IpcServer>
+    /** Stop the IPC server. */
+    stop(): void
+    /**
+     * Send a message over the IPC server to all the connected clients
+     *
+     * @return The number of clients that the message was sent to. Note that the number of messages
+     * actually received may be less, as some clients could disconnect before receiving the message.
+     */
+    send(message: string): number
+  }
+}
diff --git a/apps/desktop/desktop_native/napi/index.js b/apps/desktop/desktop_native/napi/index.js
index 9beeebcb053..a0cfee8e1a0 100644
--- a/apps/desktop/desktop_native/napi/index.js
+++ b/apps/desktop/desktop_native/napi/index.js
@@ -206,11 +206,4 @@ if (!nativeBinding) {
   throw new Error(`Failed to load native binding`)
 }
 
-const { passwords, biometrics, clipboards, processisolations, sshagent, powermonitors } = nativeBinding;
-
-module.exports.passwords = passwords
-module.exports.biometrics = biometrics
-module.exports.clipboards = clipboards
-module.exports.sshagent = sshagent
-module.exports.processisolations = processisolations
-module.exports.powermonitors = powermonitors
+module.exports = nativeBinding
diff --git a/apps/desktop/desktop_native/napi/package.json b/apps/desktop/desktop_native/napi/package.json
index 70e472b3952..9f098c4965d 100644
--- a/apps/desktop/desktop_native/napi/package.json
+++ b/apps/desktop/desktop_native/napi/package.json
@@ -3,9 +3,7 @@
   "version": "0.1.0",
   "description": "",
   "scripts": {
-    "build": "napi build --release --platform --js false",
-    "build:debug": "napi build --platform --js false",
-    "build:cross-platform": "node build.js",
+    "build": "napi build --platform --js false",
     "test": "cargo test"
   },
   "author": "",
diff --git a/apps/desktop/desktop_native/napi/src/lib.rs b/apps/desktop/desktop_native/napi/src/lib.rs
index baf24fbaa6b..2ca888fa495 100644
--- a/apps/desktop/desktop_native/napi/src/lib.rs
+++ b/apps/desktop/desktop_native/napi/src/lib.rs
@@ -392,3 +392,103 @@ pub mod powermonitors {
         Ok(desktop_core::powermonitor::is_lock_monitor_available().await)
     }
 }
+
+#[napi]
+pub mod ipc {
+    use desktop_core::ipc::server::{Message, MessageType};
+    use napi::threadsafe_function::{
+        ErrorStrategy, ThreadsafeFunction, ThreadsafeFunctionCallMode,
+    };
+
+    #[napi(object)]
+    pub struct IpcMessage {
+        pub client_id: u32,
+        pub kind: IpcMessageType,
+        pub message: Option<String>,
+    }
+
+    impl From<Message> for IpcMessage {
+        fn from(message: Message) -> Self {
+            IpcMessage {
+                client_id: message.client_id,
+                kind: message.kind.into(),
+                message: message.message,
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[napi]
+    pub enum IpcMessageType {
+        Connected,
+        Disconnected,
+        Message,
+    }
+
+    impl From<MessageType> for IpcMessageType {
+        fn from(message_type: MessageType) -> Self {
+            match message_type {
+                MessageType::Connected => IpcMessageType::Connected,
+                MessageType::Disconnected => IpcMessageType::Disconnected,
+                MessageType::Message => IpcMessageType::Message,
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[napi]
+    pub struct IpcServer {
+        server: desktop_core::ipc::server::Server,
+    }
+
+    #[napi]
+    impl IpcServer {
+        /// Create and start the IPC server without blocking.
+        ///
+        /// @param name The endpoint name to listen on. This name uniquely identifies the IPC connection and must be the same for both the server and client.
+        /// @param callback This function will be called whenever a message is received from a client.
+        #[napi(factory)]
+        pub async fn listen(
+            name: String,
+            #[napi(ts_arg_type = "(error: null | Error, message: IpcMessage) => void")]
+            callback: ThreadsafeFunction<IpcMessage, ErrorStrategy::CalleeHandled>,
+        ) -> napi::Result<Self> {
+            let (send, mut recv) = tokio::sync::mpsc::channel::<Message>(32);
+            tokio::spawn(async move {
+                while let Some(message) = recv.recv().await {
+                    callback.call(Ok(message.into()), ThreadsafeFunctionCallMode::NonBlocking);
+                }
+            });
+
+            let path = desktop_core::ipc::path(&name);
+
+            let server = desktop_core::ipc::server::Server::start(&path, send).map_err(|e| {
+                napi::Error::from_reason(format!(
+                    "Error listening to server - Path: {path:?} - Error: {e} - {e:?}"
+                ))
+            })?;
+
+            Ok(IpcServer { server })
+        }
+
+        /// Stop the IPC server.
+        #[napi]
+        pub fn stop(&self) -> napi::Result<()> {
+            self.server.stop();
+            Ok(())
+        }
+
+        /// Send a message over the IPC server to all the connected clients
+        ///
+        /// @return The number of clients that the message was sent to. Note that the number of messages
+        /// actually received may be less, as some clients could disconnect before receiving the message.
+        #[napi]
+        pub fn send(&self, message: String) -> napi::Result<u32> {
+            self.server
+                .send(message)
+                .map_err(|e| {
+                    napi::Error::from_reason(format!("Error sending message - Error: {e} - {e:?}"))
+                })
+                // NAPI doesn't support u64 or usize, so we need to convert to u32
+                .map(|u| u32::try_from(u).unwrap_or_default())
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/apps/desktop/desktop_native/proxy/Cargo.toml b/apps/desktop/desktop_native/proxy/Cargo.toml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..681c34c8eab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/desktop/desktop_native/proxy/Cargo.toml
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+[package]
+edition = "2021"
+exclude = ["index.node"]
+license = "GPL-3.0"
+name = "desktop_proxy"
+version = "0.0.0"
+publish = false
+
+[dependencies]
+anyhow = "=1.0.86"
+desktop_core = { path = "../core", default-features = false }
+futures = "0.3.30"
+log = "0.4.21"
+simplelog = "0.12.2"
+tokio = { version = "1.38.0", features = ["io-std", "io-util", "macros", "rt"] }
+tokio-util = { version = "0.7.11", features = ["codec"] }
+
+[target.'cfg(target_os = "macos")'.dependencies]
+embed_plist = "1.2.2"
diff --git a/apps/desktop/desktop_native/proxy/src/main.rs b/apps/desktop/desktop_native/proxy/src/main.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..7d3b4ecfca7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/desktop/desktop_native/proxy/src/main.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,159 @@
+use std::path::Path;
+
+use desktop_core::ipc::{MESSAGE_CHANNEL_BUFFER, NATIVE_MESSAGING_BUFFER_SIZE};
+use futures::{FutureExt, SinkExt, StreamExt};
+use log::*;
+use tokio_util::codec::LengthDelimitedCodec;
+
+#[cfg(target_os = "macos")]
+embed_plist::embed_info_plist!("../../../resources/info.desktop_proxy.plist");
+
+fn init_logging(log_path: &Path, level: log::LevelFilter) {
+    use simplelog::{ColorChoice, CombinedLogger, Config, SharedLogger, TermLogger, TerminalMode};
+
+    let config = Config::default();
+
+    let mut loggers: Vec<Box<dyn SharedLogger>> = Vec::new();
+    loggers.push(TermLogger::new(
+        level,
+        config.clone(),
+        TerminalMode::Stderr,
+        ColorChoice::Auto,
+    ));
+
+    match std::fs::File::create(log_path) {
+        Ok(file) => {
+            loggers.push(simplelog::WriteLogger::new(level, config, file));
+        }
+        Err(e) => {
+            eprintln!("Can't create file: {}", e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    if let Err(e) = CombinedLogger::init(loggers) {
+        eprintln!("Failed to initialize logger: {}", e);
+    }
+}
+
+/// Bitwarden IPC Proxy.
+///
+/// This proxy allows browser extensions to communicate with a desktop application using Native
+/// Messaging. This method allows an extension to send and receive messages through the use of
+/// stdin/stdout streams.
+///
+/// However, this also requires the browser to start the process in order for the communication to
+/// occur. To overcome this limitation, we implement Inter-Process Communication (IPC) to establish
+/// a stable communication channel between the proxy and the running desktop application.
+///
+/// Browser extension <-[native messaging]-> proxy <-[ipc]-> desktop
+///
+#[tokio::main(flavor = "current_thread")]
+async fn main() {
+    let sock_path = desktop_core::ipc::path("bitwarden");
+
+    let log_path = {
+        let mut path = sock_path.clone();
+        path.set_extension("bitwarden.log");
+        path
+    };
+
+    init_logging(&log_path, LevelFilter::Info);
+
+    info!("Starting Bitwarden IPC Proxy.");
+
+    // Different browsers send different arguments when the app starts:
+    //
+    // Firefox:
+    // - The complete path to the app manifest. (in the form `/Users/<user>/Library/.../Mozilla/NativeMessagingHosts/com.8bit.bitwarden.json`)
+    // - (in Firefox 55+) the ID (as given in the manifest.json) of the add-on that started it (in the form `{[UUID]}`).
+    //
+    // Chrome on Windows:
+    // - Origin of the extension that started it (in the form `chrome-extension://[ID]`).
+    // - Handle to the Chrome native window that started the app.
+    //
+    // Chrome on Linux and Mac:
+    // - Origin of the extension that started it (in the form `chrome-extension://[ID]`).
+
+    let args: Vec<_> = std::env::args().skip(1).collect();
+    info!("Process args: {:?}", args);
+
+    // Setup two channels, one for sending messages to the desktop application (`out`) and one for receiving messages from the desktop application (`in`)
+    let (in_send, in_recv) = tokio::sync::mpsc::channel(MESSAGE_CHANNEL_BUFFER);
+    let (out_send, mut out_recv) = tokio::sync::mpsc::channel(MESSAGE_CHANNEL_BUFFER);
+
+    let mut handle = tokio::spawn(
+        desktop_core::ipc::client::connect(sock_path, out_send, in_recv)
+            .map(|r| r.map_err(|e| e.to_string())),
+    );
+
+    // Create a new codec for reading and writing messages from stdin/stdout.
+    let mut stdin = LengthDelimitedCodec::builder()
+        .max_frame_length(NATIVE_MESSAGING_BUFFER_SIZE)
+        .native_endian()
+        .new_read(tokio::io::stdin());
+    let mut stdout = LengthDelimitedCodec::builder()
+        .max_frame_length(NATIVE_MESSAGING_BUFFER_SIZE)
+        .native_endian()
+        .new_write(tokio::io::stdout());
+
+    loop {
+        tokio::select! {
+            // This forces tokio to poll the futures in the order that they are written.
+            // We want the spawn handle to be evaluated first so that we can get any error
+            // results before we get the channel closed message.
+            biased;
+
+            // IPC client has finished, so we should exit as well.
+            res = &mut handle => {
+                match res {
+                    Ok(Ok(())) => {
+                        info!("IPC client finished successfully.");
+                        std::process::exit(0);
+                    }
+                    Ok(Err(e)) => {
+                        error!("IPC client connection error: {}", e);
+                        std::process::exit(1);
+                    }
+                    Err(e) => {
+                        error!("IPC client spawn error: {}", e);
+                        std::process::exit(1);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            // Receive messages from IPC and print to STDOUT.
+            msg = out_recv.recv() => {
+                match msg {
+                    Some(msg) => {
+                        debug!("OUT: {}", msg);
+                        stdout.send(msg.into()).await.unwrap();
+                    }
+                    None => {
+                        info!("Channel closed, exiting.");
+                        std::process::exit(0);
+                    }
+                }
+            },
+
+            // Listen to stdin and send messages to ipc processor.
+            msg = stdin.next() => {
+                match msg {
+                    Some(Ok(msg)) => {
+                        let m = String::from_utf8(msg.to_vec()).unwrap();
+                        debug!("IN: {}", m);
+                        in_send.send(m).await.unwrap();
+                    }
+                    Some(Err(e)) => {
+                        error!("Error parsing input: {}", e);
+                        std::process::exit(1);
+                    }
+                    None => {
+                        info!("Received EOF, exiting.");
+                        std::process::exit(0);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/apps/desktop/electron-builder.json b/apps/desktop/electron-builder.json
index 09783f26f49..be30e063c1a 100644
--- a/apps/desktop/electron-builder.json
+++ b/apps/desktop/electron-builder.json
@@ -73,6 +73,13 @@
       "CFBundleDevelopmentRegion": "en"
     },
     "singleArchFiles": "node_modules/@bitwarden/desktop-napi/desktop_napi.darwin-*.node",
+    "extraFiles": [
+      {
+        "from": "desktop_native/dist/desktop_proxy.${platform}-${arch}",
+        "to": "MacOS/desktop_proxy"
+      }
+    ],
+    "signIgnore": ["MacOS/desktop_proxy"],
     "target": ["dmg", "zip"]
   },
   "win": {
@@ -84,16 +91,24 @@
         "from": "../../node_modules/regedit/vbs",
         "to": "regedit/vbs",
         "filter": ["**/*"]
-      },
+      }
+    ],
+    "extraFiles": [
       {
-        "from": "resources/native-messaging.bat",
-        "to": "native-messaging.bat"
+        "from": "desktop_native/dist/desktop_proxy.${platform}-${arch}.exe",
+        "to": "desktop_proxy.exe"
       }
     ]
   },
   "linux": {
     "category": "Utility",
     "synopsis": "A secure and free password manager for all of your devices.",
+    "extraFiles": [
+      {
+        "from": "desktop_native/dist/desktop_proxy.${platform}-${arch}",
+        "to": "desktop_proxy"
+      }
+    ],
     "target": ["deb", "freebsd", "rpm", "AppImage", "snap"],
     "desktop": {
       "Name": "Bitwarden",
diff --git a/apps/desktop/package.json b/apps/desktop/package.json
index c50e7ccbac4..fbf598327f4 100644
--- a/apps/desktop/package.json
+++ b/apps/desktop/package.json
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
   "scripts": {
     "postinstall": "electron-rebuild",
     "start": "cross-env ELECTRON_IS_DEV=0 ELECTRON_NO_UPDATER=1 electron ./build",
-    "build-native": "cd desktop_native/napi && npm run build",
+    "build-native": "cd desktop_native && node build.js",
     "build": "concurrently -n Main,Rend,Prel -c yellow,cyan \"npm run build:main\" \"npm run build:renderer\" \"npm run build:preload\"",
     "build:dev": "concurrently -n Main,Rend -c yellow,cyan \"npm run build:main:dev\" \"npm run build:renderer:dev\"",
     "build:preload": "cross-env NODE_ENV=production webpack --config webpack.preload.js",
diff --git a/apps/desktop/resources/entitlements.desktop_proxy.plist b/apps/desktop/resources/entitlements.desktop_proxy.plist
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..d5c7b8a2cc8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/desktop/resources/entitlements.desktop_proxy.plist
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd">
+<plist version="1.0">
+<dict>
+	<key>com.apple.security.app-sandbox</key>
+	<true/>
+	<key>com.apple.security.application-groups</key>
+	<array>
+		<string>LTZ2PFU5D6.com.bitwarden.desktop</string>
+	</array>
+</dict>
+</plist>
diff --git a/apps/desktop/resources/entitlements.mas.plist b/apps/desktop/resources/entitlements.mas.plist
index 5bfeba83a61..d42ade962c3 100644
--- a/apps/desktop/resources/entitlements.mas.plist
+++ b/apps/desktop/resources/entitlements.mas.plist
@@ -8,6 +8,10 @@
 	<string>LTZ2PFU5D6</string>
 	<key>com.apple.security.app-sandbox</key>
 	<true/>
+	<key>com.apple.security.application-groups</key>
+	<array>
+		<string>LTZ2PFU5D6.com.bitwarden.desktop</string>
+	</array>
 	<key>com.apple.security.network.client</key>
 	<true/>
 	<key>com.apple.security.files.user-selected.read-write</key>
diff --git a/apps/desktop/resources/info.desktop_proxy.plist b/apps/desktop/resources/info.desktop_proxy.plist
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..d3c30e3e0eb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/desktop/resources/info.desktop_proxy.plist
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd">
+<plist version="1.0">
+	<dict>
+		<key>CFBundleIdentifier</key>
+		<string>com.bitwarden.desktop</string>
+	</dict>
+</plist>
diff --git a/apps/desktop/resources/native-messaging.bat b/apps/desktop/resources/native-messaging.bat
deleted file mode 100644
index 45519250dd6..00000000000
--- a/apps/desktop/resources/native-messaging.bat
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,7 +0,0 @@
-@echo off
-:: Helper script for starting the Native Messaging Proxy on Windows.
-
-cd ../
-set ELECTRON_RUN_AS_NODE=1
-set ELECTRON_NO_ATTACH_CONSOLE=1
-Bitwarden.exe resources/app.asar %*
diff --git a/apps/desktop/scripts/after-pack.js b/apps/desktop/scripts/after-pack.js
index e128397e615..08cff76e858 100644
--- a/apps/desktop/scripts/after-pack.js
+++ b/apps/desktop/scripts/after-pack.js
@@ -1,14 +1,22 @@
 /* eslint-disable @typescript-eslint/no-var-requires, no-console */
 require("dotenv").config();
+const child_process = require("child_process");
 const path = require("path");
 
+const { flipFuses, FuseVersion, FuseV1Options } = require("@electron/fuses");
+const builder = require("electron-builder");
 const fse = require("fs-extra");
 
 exports.default = run;
 
 async function run(context) {
   console.log("## After pack");
-  console.log(context);
+  // console.log(context);
+
+  if (context.packager.platform.nodeName !== "darwin" || context.arch === builder.Arch.universal) {
+    await addElectronFuses(context);
+  }
+
   if (context.electronPlatformName === "linux") {
     console.log("Creating memory-protection wrapper script");
     const appOutDir = context.appOutDir;
@@ -23,4 +31,132 @@ async function run(context) {
     fse.chmodSync(wrapperBin, "755");
     console.log("Copied memory-protection wrapper script");
   }
+
+  if (["darwin", "mas"].includes(context.electronPlatformName)) {
+    const is_mas = context.electronPlatformName === "mas";
+    const is_mas_dev = context.targets.some((e) => e.name === "mas-dev");
+
+    let id;
+
+    // Only use the Bitwarden Identities on CI
+    if (process.env.GITHUB_ACTIONS === "true") {
+      if (is_mas) {
+        id = is_mas_dev
+          ? "E7C9978F6FBCE0553429185C405E61F5380BE8EB"
+          : "3rd Party Mac Developer Application: Bitwarden Inc";
+      } else {
+        id = "Developer ID Application: 8bit Solutions LLC";
+      }
+      // Locally, use the first valid code signing identity, unless CSC_NAME is set
+    } else if (process.env.CSC_NAME) {
+      id = process.env.CSC_NAME;
+    } else {
+      const identities = getIdentities();
+      if (identities.length === 0) {
+        throw new Error("No valid identities found");
+      }
+      id = identities[0].id;
+    }
+
+    console.log(`Signing proxy binary before the main bundle, using identity '${id}'`);
+
+    const appName = context.packager.appInfo.productFilename;
+    const appPath = `${context.appOutDir}/${appName}.app`;
+    const proxyPath = path.join(appPath, "Contents", "MacOS", "desktop_proxy");
+
+    const packageId = "com.bitwarden.desktop";
+    const entitlementsName = "entitlements.desktop_proxy.plist";
+    const entitlementsPath = path.join(__dirname, "..", "resources", entitlementsName);
+    child_process.execSync(
+      `codesign -s '${id}' -i ${packageId} -f --timestamp --options runtime --entitlements ${entitlementsPath} ${proxyPath}`,
+    );
+  }
+}
+
+// Partially based on electron-builder code:
+// https://github.com/electron-userland/electron-builder/blob/master/packages/app-builder-lib/src/macPackager.ts
+// https://github.com/electron-userland/electron-builder/blob/master/packages/app-builder-lib/src/codeSign/macCodeSign.ts
+
+const appleCertificatePrefixes = [
+  "Developer ID Application:",
+  // "Developer ID Installer:",
+  // "3rd Party Mac Developer Application:",
+  // "3rd Party Mac Developer Installer:",
+  "Apple Development:",
+];
+
+function getIdentities() {
+  const ids = child_process
+    .execSync("/usr/bin/security find-identity -v -p codesigning")
+    .toString();
+
+  return ids
+    .split("\n")
+    .filter((line) => {
+      for (const prefix of appleCertificatePrefixes) {
+        if (line.includes(prefix)) {
+          return true;
+        }
+      }
+      return false;
+    })
+    .map((line) => {
+      const split = line.trim().split(" ");
+      const id = split[1];
+      const name = split.slice(2).join(" ").replace(/"/g, "");
+      return { id, name };
+    });
+}
+
+/**
+ * @param {import("electron-builder").AfterPackContext} context
+ */
+async function addElectronFuses(context) {
+  const platform = context.packager.platform.nodeName;
+
+  const ext = {
+    darwin: ".app",
+    win32: ".exe",
+    linux: "",
+  }[platform];
+
+  const IS_LINUX = platform === "linux";
+  const executableName = IS_LINUX
+    ? context.packager.appInfo.productFilename.toLowerCase().replace("-dev", "").replace(" ", "-")
+    : context.packager.appInfo.productFilename; // .toLowerCase() to accomodate Linux file named `name` but productFileName is `Name` -- Replaces '-dev' because on Linux the executable name is `name` even for the DEV builds
+
+  const electronBinaryPath = path.join(context.appOutDir, `${executableName}${ext}`);
+
+  console.log("## Adding fuses to the electron binary", electronBinaryPath);
+
+  await flipFuses(electronBinaryPath, {
+    version: FuseVersion.V1,
+    strictlyRequireAllFuses: true,
+    resetAdHocDarwinSignature: platform === "darwin" && context.arch === builder.Arch.universal,
+
+    // List of fuses and their default values is available at:
+    // https://www.electronjs.org/docs/latest/tutorial/fuses
+
+    [FuseV1Options.RunAsNode]: false,
+    [FuseV1Options.EnableCookieEncryption]: true,
+    [FuseV1Options.EnableNodeOptionsEnvironmentVariable]: false,
+    [FuseV1Options.EnableNodeCliInspectArguments]: false,
+
+    // Currently, asar integrity is only implemented for macOS and Windows
+    // https://www.electronjs.org/docs/latest/tutorial/asar-integrity
+    // On macOS, it works by default, but on Windows it requires the
+    // asarIntegrity feature of electron-builder v25, currently in alpha
+    // https://github.com/electron-userland/electron-builder/releases/tag/v25.0.0-alpha.10
+    [FuseV1Options.EnableEmbeddedAsarIntegrityValidation]: platform === "darwin",
+
+    [FuseV1Options.OnlyLoadAppFromAsar]: true,
+
+    // App refuses to open when enabled
+    [FuseV1Options.LoadBrowserProcessSpecificV8Snapshot]: false,
+
+    // To disable this, we should stop using the file:// protocol to load the app bundle
+    // This can be done by defining a custom app:// protocol and loading the bundle from there,
+    // but then any requests to the server will be blocked by CORS policy
+    [FuseV1Options.GrantFileProtocolExtraPrivileges]: true,
+  });
 }
diff --git a/apps/desktop/src/app/services/services.module.ts b/apps/desktop/src/app/services/services.module.ts
index c4d50f359a5..d3d41d277b6 100644
--- a/apps/desktop/src/app/services/services.module.ts
+++ b/apps/desktop/src/app/services/services.module.ts
@@ -287,6 +287,7 @@ const safeProviders: SafeProvider[] = [
     deps: [
       ApiService,
       CryptoService,
+      EncryptService,
       I18nServiceAbstraction,
       KdfConfigService,
       InternalMasterPasswordServiceAbstraction,
diff --git a/apps/desktop/src/entry.ts b/apps/desktop/src/entry.ts
index 78fe51e8b9e..3bb84461363 100644
--- a/apps/desktop/src/entry.ts
+++ b/apps/desktop/src/entry.ts
@@ -1,31 +1,33 @@
-import { NativeMessagingProxy } from "./proxy/native-messaging-proxy";
+import { spawn } from "child_process";
+import * as path from "path";
 
-// We need to import the other dependencies using `require` since `import` will
-// generate `Error: Cannot find module 'electron'`. The cause of this error is
-// due to native messaging setting the ELECTRON_RUN_AS_NODE env flag on windows
-// which removes the electron module. This flag is needed for stdin/out to work
-// properly on Windows.
+import { app } from "electron";
 
 if (
+  process.platform === "darwin" &&
   process.argv.some((arg) => arg.indexOf("chrome-extension://") !== -1 || arg.indexOf("{") !== -1)
 ) {
-  if (process.platform === "darwin") {
-    // eslint-disable-next-line
-    const app = require("electron").app;
+  // If we're on MacOS, we need to support DuckDuckGo's IPC communication,
+  // which for the moment is launching the Bitwarden process.
+  // Ideally the browser would instead startup the desktop_proxy process
+  // when available, but for now we'll just launch it here.
 
-    app.on("ready", () => {
-      app.dock.hide();
-    });
-  }
+  app.on("ready", () => {
+    app.dock.hide();
+  });
 
-  process.stdout.on("error", (e) => {
-    if (e.code === "EPIPE") {
-      process.exit(0);
-    }
+  const proc = spawn(path.join(process.execPath, "..", "desktop_proxy"), process.argv.slice(1), {
+    cwd: process.cwd(),
+    stdio: "inherit",
+    shell: false,
   });
 
-  const proxy = new NativeMessagingProxy();
-  proxy.run();
+  proc.on("exit", () => {
+    process.exit(0);
+  });
+  proc.on("error", () => {
+    process.exit(1);
+  });
 } else {
   // eslint-disable-next-line
   const Main = require("./main").Main;
diff --git a/apps/desktop/src/main.ts b/apps/desktop/src/main.ts
index 43515fdc412..f968786569c 100644
--- a/apps/desktop/src/main.ts
+++ b/apps/desktop/src/main.ts
@@ -228,6 +228,7 @@ export class Main {
       this.windowMain,
       app.getPath("userData"),
       app.getPath("exe"),
+      app.getAppPath(),
     );
 
     this.desktopAutofillSettingsService = new DesktopAutofillSettingsService(stateProvider);
@@ -277,13 +278,21 @@ export class Main {
         if (browserIntegrationEnabled || ddgIntegrationEnabled) {
           // Re-register the native messaging host integrations on startup, in case they are not present
           if (browserIntegrationEnabled) {
-            this.nativeMessagingMain.generateManifests().catch(this.logService.error);
+            this.nativeMessagingMain
+              .generateManifests()
+              .catch((err) => this.logService.error("Error while generating manifests", err));
           }
           if (ddgIntegrationEnabled) {
-            this.nativeMessagingMain.generateDdgManifests().catch(this.logService.error);
+            this.nativeMessagingMain
+              .generateDdgManifests()
+              .catch((err) => this.logService.error("Error while generating DDG manifests", err));
           }
 
-          this.nativeMessagingMain.listen();
+          this.nativeMessagingMain
+            .listen()
+            .catch((err) =>
+              this.logService.error("Error while starting native message listener", err),
+            );
         }
 
         app.removeAsDefaultProtocolClient("bitwarden");
diff --git a/apps/desktop/src/main/native-messaging.main.ts b/apps/desktop/src/main/native-messaging.main.ts
index 8c8404578b6..036f35e61c8 100644
--- a/apps/desktop/src/main/native-messaging.main.ts
+++ b/apps/desktop/src/main/native-messaging.main.ts
@@ -1,34 +1,34 @@
 import { existsSync, promises as fs } from "fs";
-import { Socket } from "net";
 import { homedir, userInfo } from "os";
 import * as path from "path";
 import * as util from "util";
 
 import { ipcMain } from "electron";
-import * as ipc from "node-ipc";
 
 import { LogService } from "@bitwarden/common/platform/abstractions/log.service";
+import { ipc } from "@bitwarden/desktop-napi";
 
-import { getIpcSocketRoot } from "../proxy/ipc";
+import { isDev } from "../utils";
 
 import { WindowMain } from "./window.main";
 
 export class NativeMessagingMain {
-  private connected: Socket[] = [];
-  private socket: any;
+  private ipcServer: ipc.IpcServer | null;
+  private connected: number[] = [];
 
   constructor(
     private logService: LogService,
     private windowMain: WindowMain,
     private userPath: string,
     private exePath: string,
+    private appPath: string,
   ) {
     ipcMain.handle(
       "nativeMessaging.manifests",
       async (_event: any, options: { create: boolean }) => {
         if (options.create) {
-          this.listen();
           try {
+            await this.listen();
             await this.generateManifests();
           } catch (e) {
             this.logService.error("Error generating manifests: " + e);
@@ -51,8 +51,8 @@ export class NativeMessagingMain {
       "nativeMessaging.ddgManifests",
       async (_event: any, options: { create: boolean }) => {
         if (options.create) {
-          this.listen();
           try {
+            await this.listen();
             await this.generateDdgManifests();
           } catch (e) {
             this.logService.error("Error generating duckduckgo manifests: " + e);
@@ -72,56 +72,46 @@ export class NativeMessagingMain {
     );
   }
 
-  listen() {
-    ipc.config.id = "bitwarden";
-    ipc.config.retry = 1500;
-    const ipcSocketRoot = getIpcSocketRoot();
-    if (ipcSocketRoot != null) {
-      ipc.config.socketRoot = ipcSocketRoot;
+  async listen() {
+    if (this.ipcServer) {
+      this.ipcServer.stop();
     }
 
-    ipc.serve(() => {
-      ipc.server.on("message", (data: any, socket: any) => {
-        this.socket = socket;
-        this.windowMain.win.webContents.send("nativeMessaging", data);
-      });
-
-      ipcMain.on("nativeMessagingReply", (event, msg) => {
-        if (this.socket != null && msg != null) {
-          this.send(msg, this.socket);
+    this.ipcServer = await ipc.IpcServer.listen("bitwarden", (error, msg) => {
+      switch (msg.kind) {
+        case ipc.IpcMessageType.Connected: {
+          this.connected.push(msg.clientId);
+          this.logService.info("Native messaging client " + msg.clientId + " has connected");
+          break;
         }
-      });
-
-      ipc.server.on("connect", (socket: Socket) => {
-        this.connected.push(socket);
-      });
+        case ipc.IpcMessageType.Disconnected: {
+          const index = this.connected.indexOf(msg.clientId);
+          if (index > -1) {
+            this.connected.splice(index, 1);
+          }
 
-      ipc.server.on("socket.disconnected", (socket, destroyedSocketID) => {
-        const index = this.connected.indexOf(socket);
-        if (index > -1) {
-          this.connected.splice(index, 1);
+          this.logService.info("Native messaging client " + msg.clientId + " has disconnected");
+          break;
         }
-
-        this.socket = null;
-        ipc.log("client " + destroyedSocketID + " has disconnected!");
-      });
+        case ipc.IpcMessageType.Message:
+          this.windowMain.win.webContents.send("nativeMessaging", JSON.parse(msg.message));
+          break;
+      }
     });
 
-    ipc.server.start();
+    ipcMain.on("nativeMessagingReply", (event, msg) => {
+      if (msg != null) {
+        this.send(msg);
+      }
+    });
   }
 
   stop() {
-    ipc.server.stop();
-    // Kill all existing connections
-    this.connected.forEach((socket) => {
-      if (!socket.destroyed) {
-        socket.destroy();
-      }
-    });
+    this.ipcServer?.stop();
   }
 
-  send(message: object, socket: any) {
-    ipc.server.emit(socket, "message", message);
+  send(message: object) {
+    this.ipcServer?.send(JSON.stringify(message));
   }
 
   async generateManifests() {
@@ -331,11 +321,20 @@ export class NativeMessagingMain {
   }
 
   private binaryPath() {
-    if (process.platform === "win32") {
-      return path.join(path.dirname(this.exePath), "resources", "native-messaging.bat");
+    const ext = process.platform === "win32" ? ".exe" : "";
+
+    if (isDev()) {
+      return path.join(
+        this.appPath,
+        "..",
+        "desktop_native",
+        "target",
+        "debug",
+        `desktop_proxy${ext}`,
+      );
     }
 
-    return this.exePath;
+    return path.join(path.dirname(this.exePath), `desktop_proxy${ext}`);
   }
 
   private getRegeditInstance() {
diff --git a/apps/desktop/src/proxy/ipc.ts b/apps/desktop/src/proxy/ipc.ts
deleted file mode 100644
index 0160d6bf294..00000000000
--- a/apps/desktop/src/proxy/ipc.ts
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,78 +0,0 @@
-/* eslint-disable no-console */
-import { createHash } from "crypto";
-import { existsSync, mkdirSync } from "fs";
-import { homedir } from "os";
-import { join as path_join } from "path";
-
-import * as ipc from "node-ipc";
-
-export function getIpcSocketRoot(): string | null {
-  let socketRoot = null;
-
-  switch (process.platform) {
-    case "darwin": {
-      const ipcSocketRootDir = path_join(homedir(), "tmp");
-      if (!existsSync(ipcSocketRootDir)) {
-        mkdirSync(ipcSocketRootDir);
-      }
-      socketRoot = ipcSocketRootDir + "/";
-      break;
-    }
-    case "win32": {
-      // Let node-ipc use a unique IPC pipe //./pipe/xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx.app.bitwarden per user.
-      // Hashing prevents problems with reserved characters and file length limitations.
-      socketRoot = createHash("sha1").update(homedir()).digest("hex") + ".";
-    }
-  }
-  return socketRoot;
-}
-
-ipc.config.id = "proxy";
-ipc.config.retry = 1500;
-ipc.config.logger = console.warn; // Stdout is used for native messaging
-const ipcSocketRoot = getIpcSocketRoot();
-if (ipcSocketRoot != null) {
-  ipc.config.socketRoot = ipcSocketRoot;
-}
-
-export default class IPC {
-  onMessage: (message: object) => void;
-
-  private connected = false;
-
-  connect() {
-    ipc.connectTo("bitwarden", () => {
-      ipc.of.bitwarden.on("connect", () => {
-        this.connected = true;
-        console.error("## connected to bitwarden desktop ##");
-
-        // Notify browser extension, connection is established to desktop application.
-        this.onMessage({ command: "connected" });
-      });
-
-      ipc.of.bitwarden.on("disconnect", () => {
-        this.connected = false;
-        console.error("disconnected from world");
-
-        // Notify browser extension, no connection to desktop application.
-        this.onMessage({ command: "disconnected" });
-      });
-
-      ipc.of.bitwarden.on("message", (message: any) => {
-        this.onMessage(message);
-      });
-
-      ipc.of.bitwarden.on("error", (err: any) => {
-        console.error("error", err);
-      });
-    });
-  }
-
-  isConnected(): boolean {
-    return this.connected;
-  }
-
-  send(json: object) {
-    ipc.of.bitwarden.emit("message", json);
-  }
-}
diff --git a/apps/desktop/src/proxy/native-messaging-proxy.ts b/apps/desktop/src/proxy/native-messaging-proxy.ts
deleted file mode 100644
index f1b54a82014..00000000000
--- a/apps/desktop/src/proxy/native-messaging-proxy.ts
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,23 +0,0 @@
-import IPC from "./ipc";
-import NativeMessage from "./nativemessage";
-
-// Proxy is a lightweight application which provides bi-directional communication
-// between the browser extension and a running desktop application.
-//
-// Browser extension <-[native messaging]-> proxy <-[ipc]-> desktop
-export class NativeMessagingProxy {
-  private ipc: IPC;
-  private nativeMessage: NativeMessage;
-
-  constructor() {
-    this.ipc = new IPC();
-    this.nativeMessage = new NativeMessage(this.ipc);
-  }
-
-  run() {
-    this.ipc.connect();
-    this.nativeMessage.listen();
-
-    this.ipc.onMessage = this.nativeMessage.send;
-  }
-}
diff --git a/apps/desktop/src/proxy/nativemessage.ts b/apps/desktop/src/proxy/nativemessage.ts
deleted file mode 100644
index f7a32296f84..00000000000
--- a/apps/desktop/src/proxy/nativemessage.ts
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,95 +0,0 @@
-/* eslint-disable no-console */
-import IPC from "./ipc";
-
-// Mostly based on the example from MDN,
-// https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Mozilla/Add-ons/WebExtensions/Native_messaging
-export default class NativeMessage {
-  ipc: IPC;
-
-  constructor(ipc: IPC) {
-    this.ipc = ipc;
-  }
-
-  send(message: object) {
-    const messageBuffer = Buffer.from(JSON.stringify(message));
-
-    const headerBuffer = Buffer.alloc(4);
-    headerBuffer.writeUInt32LE(messageBuffer.length, 0);
-
-    process.stdout.write(Buffer.concat([headerBuffer, messageBuffer]));
-  }
-
-  listen() {
-    let payloadSize: number = null;
-
-    // A queue to store the chunks as we read them from stdin.
-    // This queue can be flushed when `payloadSize` data has been read
-    const chunks: any = [];
-
-    // Only read the size once for each payload
-    const sizeHasBeenRead = () => Boolean(payloadSize);
-
-    // All the data has been read, reset everything for the next message
-    const flushChunksQueue = () => {
-      payloadSize = null;
-      chunks.splice(0);
-    };
-
-    const processData = () => {
-      // Create one big buffer with all all the chunks
-      const stringData = Buffer.concat(chunks);
-      console.error(stringData);
-
-      // The browser will emit the size as a header of the payload,
-      // if it hasn't been read yet, do it.
-      // The next time we'll need to read the payload size is when all of the data
-      // of the current payload has been read (ie. data.length >= payloadSize + 4)
-      if (!sizeHasBeenRead()) {
-        try {
-          payloadSize = stringData.readUInt32LE(0);
-        } catch (e) {
-          console.error(e);
-          return;
-        }
-      }
-
-      // If the data we have read so far is >= to the size advertised in the header,
-      // it means we have all of the data sent.
-      // We add 4 here because that's the size of the bytes that old the payloadSize
-      if (stringData.length >= payloadSize + 4) {
-        // Remove the header
-        const contentWithoutSize = stringData.slice(4, payloadSize + 4).toString();
-
-        // Reset the read size and the queued chunks
-        flushChunksQueue();
-
-        const json = JSON.parse(contentWithoutSize);
-
-        // Forward to desktop application
-        this.ipc.send(json);
-      }
-    };
-
-    process.stdin.on("readable", () => {
-      // A temporary variable holding the nodejs.Buffer of each
-      // chunk of data read off stdin
-      let chunk = null;
-
-      // Read all of the available data
-      // tslint:disable-next-line:no-conditional-assignment
-      while ((chunk = process.stdin.read()) !== null) {
-        chunks.push(chunk);
-      }
-
-      try {
-        processData();
-      } catch (e) {
-        console.error(e);
-      }
-    });
-
-    process.stdin.on("end", () => {
-      process.exit(0);
-    });
-  }
-}
diff --git a/apps/web/src/app/admin-console/organizations/members/components/bulk/base-bulk-confirm.component.ts b/apps/web/src/app/admin-console/organizations/members/components/bulk/base-bulk-confirm.component.ts
index 5a5da935a66..3cbb71878c0 100644
--- a/apps/web/src/app/admin-console/organizations/members/components/bulk/base-bulk-confirm.component.ts
+++ b/apps/web/src/app/admin-console/organizations/members/components/bulk/base-bulk-confirm.component.ts
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ import { ProviderUserBulkPublicKeyResponse } from "@bitwarden/common/admin-conso
 import { ProviderUserBulkResponse } from "@bitwarden/common/admin-console/models/response/provider/provider-user-bulk.response";
 import { ListResponse } from "@bitwarden/common/models/response/list.response";
 import { CryptoService } from "@bitwarden/common/platform/abstractions/crypto.service";
+import { EncryptService } from "@bitwarden/common/platform/abstractions/encrypt.service";
 import { I18nService } from "@bitwarden/common/platform/abstractions/i18n.service";
 import { Utils } from "@bitwarden/common/platform/misc/utils";
 import { SymmetricCryptoKey } from "@bitwarden/common/platform/models/domain/symmetric-crypto-key";
@@ -31,6 +32,7 @@ export abstract class BaseBulkConfirmComponent implements OnInit {
 
   protected constructor(
     protected cryptoService: CryptoService,
+    protected encryptService: EncryptService,
     protected i18nService: I18nService,
   ) {}
 
@@ -67,7 +69,7 @@ export abstract class BaseBulkConfirmComponent implements OnInit {
         if (publicKey == null) {
           continue;
         }
-        const encryptedKey = await this.cryptoService.rsaEncrypt(key.key, publicKey);
+        const encryptedKey = await this.encryptService.rsaEncrypt(key.key, publicKey);
         userIdsWithKeys.push({
           id: user.id,
           key: encryptedKey.encryptedString,
diff --git a/apps/web/src/app/admin-console/organizations/members/components/bulk/bulk-confirm.component.ts b/apps/web/src/app/admin-console/organizations/members/components/bulk/bulk-confirm.component.ts
index 14653169338..ee506840628 100644
--- a/apps/web/src/app/admin-console/organizations/members/components/bulk/bulk-confirm.component.ts
+++ b/apps/web/src/app/admin-console/organizations/members/components/bulk/bulk-confirm.component.ts
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ import {
 import { ApiService } from "@bitwarden/common/abstractions/api.service";
 import { OrganizationUserStatusType } from "@bitwarden/common/admin-console/enums";
 import { CryptoService } from "@bitwarden/common/platform/abstractions/crypto.service";
+import { EncryptService } from "@bitwarden/common/platform/abstractions/encrypt.service";
 import { I18nService } from "@bitwarden/common/platform/abstractions/i18n.service";
 import { Utils } from "@bitwarden/common/platform/misc/utils";
 import { SymmetricCryptoKey } from "@bitwarden/common/platform/models/domain/symmetric-crypto-key";
@@ -41,6 +42,7 @@ export class BulkConfirmComponent implements OnInit {
   constructor(
     @Inject(DIALOG_DATA) protected data: BulkConfirmDialogData,
     protected cryptoService: CryptoService,
+    protected encryptService: EncryptService,
     protected apiService: ApiService,
     private organizationUserApiService: OrganizationUserApiService,
     private i18nService: I18nService,
@@ -81,7 +83,7 @@ export class BulkConfirmComponent implements OnInit {
         if (publicKey == null) {
           continue;
         }
-        const encryptedKey = await this.cryptoService.rsaEncrypt(key.key, publicKey);
+        const encryptedKey = await this.encryptService.rsaEncrypt(key.key, publicKey);
         userIdsWithKeys.push({
           id: user.id,
           key: encryptedKey.encryptedString,
diff --git a/apps/web/src/app/admin-console/organizations/members/members.component.ts b/apps/web/src/app/admin-console/organizations/members/members.component.ts
index f4a5e738477..0ce5ef10c81 100644
--- a/apps/web/src/app/admin-console/organizations/members/members.component.ts
+++ b/apps/web/src/app/admin-console/organizations/members/members.component.ts
@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@ import { isNotSelfUpgradable, ProductTierType } from "@bitwarden/common/billing/
 import { FeatureFlag } from "@bitwarden/common/enums/feature-flag.enum";
 import { ConfigService } from "@bitwarden/common/platform/abstractions/config/config.service";
 import { CryptoService } from "@bitwarden/common/platform/abstractions/crypto.service";
+import { EncryptService } from "@bitwarden/common/platform/abstractions/encrypt.service";
 import { I18nService } from "@bitwarden/common/platform/abstractions/i18n.service";
 import { LogService } from "@bitwarden/common/platform/abstractions/log.service";
 import { ValidationService } from "@bitwarden/common/platform/abstractions/validation.service";
@@ -107,6 +108,7 @@ export class MembersComponent extends BaseMembersComponent<OrganizationUserView>
     i18nService: I18nService,
     organizationManagementPreferencesService: OrganizationManagementPreferencesService,
     cryptoService: CryptoService,
+    private encryptService: EncryptService,
     validationService: ValidationService,
     logService: LogService,
     userNamePipe: UserNamePipe,
@@ -289,7 +291,7 @@ export class MembersComponent extends BaseMembersComponent<OrganizationUserView>
 
   async confirmUser(user: OrganizationUserView, publicKey: Uint8Array): Promise<void> {
     const orgKey = await this.cryptoService.getOrgKey(this.organization.id);
-    const key = await this.cryptoService.rsaEncrypt(orgKey.key, publicKey);
+    const key = await this.encryptService.rsaEncrypt(orgKey.key, publicKey);
     const request = new OrganizationUserConfirmRequest();
     request.key = key.encryptedString;
     await this.organizationUserApiService.postOrganizationUserConfirm(
diff --git a/apps/web/src/app/admin-console/organizations/members/services/organization-user-reset-password/organization-user-reset-password.service.spec.ts b/apps/web/src/app/admin-console/organizations/members/services/organization-user-reset-password/organization-user-reset-password.service.spec.ts
index b94cb4e926b..3b903701d6c 100644
--- a/apps/web/src/app/admin-console/organizations/members/services/organization-user-reset-password/organization-user-reset-password.service.spec.ts
+++ b/apps/web/src/app/admin-console/organizations/members/services/organization-user-reset-password/organization-user-reset-password.service.spec.ts
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ describe("OrganizationUserResetPasswordService", () => {
       const mockUserKey = new SymmetricCryptoKey(mockRandomBytes) as UserKey;
       cryptoService.getUserKey.mockResolvedValue(mockUserKey);
 
-      cryptoService.rsaEncrypt.mockResolvedValue(
+      encryptService.rsaEncrypt.mockResolvedValue(
         new EncString(EncryptionType.Rsa2048_OaepSha1_B64, "mockEncryptedUserKey"),
       );
     });
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ describe("OrganizationUserResetPasswordService", () => {
     it("should rsa encrypt the user key", async () => {
       await sut.buildRecoveryKey(mockOrgId);
 
-      expect(cryptoService.rsaEncrypt).toHaveBeenCalledWith(expect.anything(), expect.anything());
+      expect(encryptService.rsaEncrypt).toHaveBeenCalledWith(expect.anything(), expect.anything());
     });
   });
 
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ describe("OrganizationUserResetPasswordService", () => {
       cryptoService.getOrgKey.mockResolvedValue(mockOrgKey);
       encryptService.decryptToBytes.mockResolvedValue(mockRandomBytes);
 
-      cryptoService.rsaDecrypt.mockResolvedValue(mockRandomBytes);
+      encryptService.rsaDecrypt.mockResolvedValue(mockRandomBytes);
       const mockMasterKey = new SymmetricCryptoKey(mockRandomBytes) as MasterKey;
       cryptoService.makeMasterKey.mockResolvedValue(mockMasterKey);
       cryptoService.hashMasterKey.mockResolvedValue("test-master-key-hash");
@@ -172,7 +172,7 @@ describe("OrganizationUserResetPasswordService", () => {
           publicKey: "test-public-key",
         }),
       );
-      cryptoService.rsaEncrypt.mockResolvedValue(
+      encryptService.rsaEncrypt.mockResolvedValue(
         new EncString(EncryptionType.Rsa2048_OaepSha1_B64, "mockEncryptedUserKey"),
       );
     });
diff --git a/apps/web/src/app/admin-console/organizations/members/services/organization-user-reset-password/organization-user-reset-password.service.ts b/apps/web/src/app/admin-console/organizations/members/services/organization-user-reset-password/organization-user-reset-password.service.ts
index b3107f2b93a..6d5d7508b69 100644
--- a/apps/web/src/app/admin-console/organizations/members/services/organization-user-reset-password/organization-user-reset-password.service.ts
+++ b/apps/web/src/app/admin-console/organizations/members/services/organization-user-reset-password/organization-user-reset-password.service.ts
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ export class OrganizationUserResetPasswordService
     if (userKey == null) {
       throw new Error("No user key found");
     }
-    const encryptedKey = await this.cryptoService.rsaEncrypt(userKey.key, publicKey);
+    const encryptedKey = await this.encryptService.rsaEncrypt(userKey.key, publicKey);
 
     return encryptedKey.encryptedString;
   }
@@ -96,7 +96,10 @@ export class OrganizationUserResetPasswordService
     );
 
     // Decrypt User's Reset Password Key to get UserKey
-    const decValue = await this.cryptoService.rsaDecrypt(response.resetPasswordKey, decPrivateKey);
+    const decValue = await this.encryptService.rsaDecrypt(
+      new EncString(response.resetPasswordKey),
+      decPrivateKey,
+    );
     const existingUserKey = new SymmetricCryptoKey(decValue) as UserKey;
 
     // determine Kdf Algorithm
diff --git a/apps/web/src/app/auth/core/services/rotateable-key-set.service.spec.ts b/apps/web/src/app/auth/core/services/rotateable-key-set.service.spec.ts
index 7d9bed97fe1..7ba586e957d 100644
--- a/apps/web/src/app/auth/core/services/rotateable-key-set.service.spec.ts
+++ b/apps/web/src/app/auth/core/services/rotateable-key-set.service.spec.ts
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ describe("RotateableKeySetService", () => {
       const encryptedPrivateKey = Symbol();
       cryptoService.makeKeyPair.mockResolvedValue(["publicKey", encryptedPrivateKey as any]);
       cryptoService.getUserKey.mockResolvedValue({ key: userKey.key } as any);
-      cryptoService.rsaEncrypt.mockResolvedValue(encryptedUserKey as any);
+      encryptService.rsaEncrypt.mockResolvedValue(encryptedUserKey as any);
       encryptService.encrypt.mockResolvedValue(encryptedPublicKey as any);
 
       const result = await service.createKeySet(externalKey as any);
diff --git a/apps/web/src/app/auth/core/services/rotateable-key-set.service.ts b/apps/web/src/app/auth/core/services/rotateable-key-set.service.ts
index 72f97440561..2c1df24b75c 100644
--- a/apps/web/src/app/auth/core/services/rotateable-key-set.service.ts
+++ b/apps/web/src/app/auth/core/services/rotateable-key-set.service.ts
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ export class RotateableKeySetService {
 
     const userKey = await this.cryptoService.getUserKey();
     const rawPublicKey = Utils.fromB64ToArray(publicKey);
-    const encryptedUserKey = await this.cryptoService.rsaEncrypt(userKey.key, rawPublicKey);
+    const encryptedUserKey = await this.encryptService.rsaEncrypt(userKey.key, rawPublicKey);
     const encryptedPublicKey = await this.encryptService.encrypt(rawPublicKey, userKey);
     return new RotateableKeySet(encryptedUserKey, encryptedPublicKey, encryptedPrivateKey);
   }
diff --git a/apps/web/src/app/auth/emergency-access/services/emergency-access.service.spec.ts b/apps/web/src/app/auth/emergency-access/services/emergency-access.service.spec.ts
index 6f68821943b..1ea91c68d07 100644
--- a/apps/web/src/app/auth/emergency-access/services/emergency-access.service.spec.ts
+++ b/apps/web/src/app/auth/emergency-access/services/emergency-access.service.spec.ts
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ describe("EmergencyAccessService", () => {
         cryptoService.getUserKey.mockResolvedValueOnce(mockUserKey);
         apiService.getUserPublicKey.mockResolvedValueOnce(mockUserPublicKeyResponse);
 
-        cryptoService.rsaEncrypt.mockResolvedValueOnce(mockUserPublicKeyEncryptedUserKey);
+        encryptService.rsaEncrypt.mockResolvedValueOnce(mockUserPublicKeyEncryptedUserKey);
 
         emergencyAccessApiService.postEmergencyAccessConfirm.mockResolvedValueOnce();
 
@@ -162,7 +162,7 @@ describe("EmergencyAccessService", () => {
 
       const mockDecryptedGrantorUserKey = new Uint8Array(64);
       cryptoService.getPrivateKey.mockResolvedValue(new Uint8Array(64));
-      cryptoService.rsaDecrypt.mockResolvedValueOnce(mockDecryptedGrantorUserKey);
+      encryptService.rsaDecrypt.mockResolvedValueOnce(mockDecryptedGrantorUserKey);
 
       const mockMasterKey = new SymmetricCryptoKey(new Uint8Array(64) as CsprngArray) as MasterKey;
 
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@ describe("EmergencyAccessService", () => {
     });
 
     it("should not post a new password if decryption fails", async () => {
-      cryptoService.rsaDecrypt.mockResolvedValueOnce(null);
+      encryptService.rsaDecrypt.mockResolvedValueOnce(null);
       emergencyAccessApiService.postEmergencyAccessTakeover.mockResolvedValueOnce({
         keyEncrypted: "EncryptedKey",
         kdf: KdfType.PBKDF2_SHA256,
@@ -259,7 +259,7 @@ describe("EmergencyAccessService", () => {
         publicKey: "mockPublicKey",
       } as UserKeyResponse);
 
-      cryptoService.rsaEncrypt.mockImplementation((plainValue, publicKey) => {
+      encryptService.rsaEncrypt.mockImplementation((plainValue, publicKey) => {
         return Promise.resolve(
           new EncString(EncryptionType.Rsa2048_OaepSha1_B64, "Encrypted: " + plainValue),
         );
diff --git a/apps/web/src/app/auth/emergency-access/services/emergency-access.service.ts b/apps/web/src/app/auth/emergency-access/services/emergency-access.service.ts
index 5b9d73c75e5..83a2808d4e1 100644
--- a/apps/web/src/app/auth/emergency-access/services/emergency-access.service.ts
+++ b/apps/web/src/app/auth/emergency-access/services/emergency-access.service.ts
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ import { EncryptService } from "@bitwarden/common/platform/abstractions/encrypt.
 import { LogService } from "@bitwarden/common/platform/abstractions/log.service";
 import { KdfType } from "@bitwarden/common/platform/enums";
 import { Utils } from "@bitwarden/common/platform/misc/utils";
-import { EncryptedString } from "@bitwarden/common/platform/models/domain/enc-string";
+import { EncryptedString, EncString } from "@bitwarden/common/platform/models/domain/enc-string";
 import { SymmetricCryptoKey } from "@bitwarden/common/platform/models/domain/symmetric-crypto-key";
 import { UserId } from "@bitwarden/common/types/guid";
 import { UserKey } from "@bitwarden/common/types/key";
@@ -224,8 +224,8 @@ export class EmergencyAccessService
       throw new Error("Active user does not have a private key, cannot get view only ciphers.");
     }
 
-    const grantorKeyBuffer = await this.cryptoService.rsaDecrypt(
-      response.keyEncrypted,
+    const grantorKeyBuffer = await this.encryptService.rsaDecrypt(
+      new EncString(response.keyEncrypted),
       activeUserPrivateKey,
     );
     const grantorUserKey = new SymmetricCryptoKey(grantorKeyBuffer) as UserKey;
@@ -261,8 +261,8 @@ export class EmergencyAccessService
       throw new Error("Active user does not have a private key, cannot complete a takeover.");
     }
 
-    const grantorKeyBuffer = await this.cryptoService.rsaDecrypt(
-      takeoverResponse.keyEncrypted,
+    const grantorKeyBuffer = await this.encryptService.rsaDecrypt(
+      new EncString(takeoverResponse.keyEncrypted),
       activeUserPrivateKey,
     );
     if (grantorKeyBuffer == null) {
@@ -355,6 +355,6 @@ export class EmergencyAccessService
   }
 
   private async encryptKey(userKey: UserKey, publicKey: Uint8Array): Promise<EncryptedString> {
-    return (await this.cryptoService.rsaEncrypt(userKey.key, publicKey)).encryptedString;
+    return (await this.encryptService.rsaEncrypt(userKey.key, publicKey)).encryptedString;
   }
 }
diff --git a/apps/web/src/app/auth/organization-invite/accept-organization.service.ts b/apps/web/src/app/auth/organization-invite/accept-organization.service.ts
index a7798d480fb..f014372a7b0 100644
--- a/apps/web/src/app/auth/organization-invite/accept-organization.service.ts
+++ b/apps/web/src/app/auth/organization-invite/accept-organization.service.ts
@@ -184,7 +184,7 @@ export class AcceptOrganizationInviteService {
 
       // RSA Encrypt user's encKey.key with organization public key
       const userKey = await this.cryptoService.getUserKey();
-      const encryptedKey = await this.cryptoService.rsaEncrypt(userKey.key, publicKey);
+      const encryptedKey = await this.encryptService.rsaEncrypt(userKey.key, publicKey);
 
       // Add reset password key to accept request
       request.resetPasswordKey = encryptedKey.encryptedString;
diff --git a/apps/web/src/app/core/core.module.ts b/apps/web/src/app/core/core.module.ts
index c7d68856ea6..419794fe3bc 100644
--- a/apps/web/src/app/core/core.module.ts
+++ b/apps/web/src/app/core/core.module.ts
@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@ import { ClientType } from "@bitwarden/common/enums";
 import { AppIdService } from "@bitwarden/common/platform/abstractions/app-id.service";
 import { ConfigService } from "@bitwarden/common/platform/abstractions/config/config.service";
 import { CryptoService as CryptoServiceAbstraction } from "@bitwarden/common/platform/abstractions/crypto.service";
+import { EncryptService } from "@bitwarden/common/platform/abstractions/encrypt.service";
 import { EnvironmentService } from "@bitwarden/common/platform/abstractions/environment.service";
 import { FileDownloadService } from "@bitwarden/common/platform/abstractions/file-download/file-download.service";
 import { I18nService as I18nServiceAbstraction } from "@bitwarden/common/platform/abstractions/i18n.service";
@@ -202,6 +203,7 @@ const safeProviders: SafeProvider[] = [
     deps: [
       ApiService,
       CryptoServiceAbstraction,
+      EncryptService,
       I18nServiceAbstraction,
       KdfConfigService,
       InternalMasterPasswordServiceAbstraction,
diff --git a/bitwarden_license/bit-common/src/admin-console/auth-requests/organization-auth-request.service.spec.ts b/bitwarden_license/bit-common/src/admin-console/auth-requests/organization-auth-request.service.spec.ts
index 3ee89cbda51..0eda8aa7655 100644
--- a/bitwarden_license/bit-common/src/admin-console/auth-requests/organization-auth-request.service.spec.ts
+++ b/bitwarden_license/bit-common/src/admin-console/auth-requests/organization-auth-request.service.spec.ts
@@ -124,8 +124,8 @@ describe("OrganizationAuthRequestService", () => {
       );
 
       const encryptedUserKey = new EncString("encryptedUserKey");
-      cryptoService.rsaDecrypt.mockResolvedValue(new Uint8Array(32));
-      cryptoService.rsaEncrypt.mockResolvedValue(encryptedUserKey);
+      encryptService.rsaDecrypt.mockResolvedValue(new Uint8Array(32));
+      encryptService.rsaEncrypt.mockResolvedValue(encryptedUserKey);
 
       const mockPendingAuthRequest = new PendingAuthRequestView();
       mockPendingAuthRequest.id = "requestId1";
@@ -166,8 +166,8 @@ describe("OrganizationAuthRequestService", () => {
       );
 
       const encryptedUserKey = new EncString("encryptedUserKey");
-      cryptoService.rsaDecrypt.mockResolvedValue(new Uint8Array(32));
-      cryptoService.rsaEncrypt.mockResolvedValue(encryptedUserKey);
+      encryptService.rsaDecrypt.mockResolvedValue(new Uint8Array(32));
+      encryptService.rsaEncrypt.mockResolvedValue(encryptedUserKey);
 
       const mockPendingAuthRequest = new PendingAuthRequestView();
       mockPendingAuthRequest.id = "requestId1";
diff --git a/bitwarden_license/bit-common/src/admin-console/auth-requests/organization-auth-request.service.ts b/bitwarden_license/bit-common/src/admin-console/auth-requests/organization-auth-request.service.ts
index ad6e29c5834..9c86b59dfbe 100644
--- a/bitwarden_license/bit-common/src/admin-console/auth-requests/organization-auth-request.service.ts
+++ b/bitwarden_license/bit-common/src/admin-console/auth-requests/organization-auth-request.service.ts
@@ -117,10 +117,13 @@ export class OrganizationAuthRequestService {
     );
 
     // Decrypt user key with decrypted org private key
-    const decValue = await this.cryptoService.rsaDecrypt(encryptedUserKey, decOrgPrivateKey);
+    const decValue = await this.encryptService.rsaDecrypt(
+      new EncString(encryptedUserKey),
+      decOrgPrivateKey,
+    );
     const userKey = new SymmetricCryptoKey(decValue);
 
     // Re-encrypt user Key with the Device Public Key
-    return await this.cryptoService.rsaEncrypt(userKey.key, devicePubKey);
+    return await this.encryptService.rsaEncrypt(userKey.key, devicePubKey);
   }
 }
diff --git a/bitwarden_license/bit-web/src/app/admin-console/providers/manage/dialogs/bulk-confirm-dialog.component.ts b/bitwarden_license/bit-web/src/app/admin-console/providers/manage/dialogs/bulk-confirm-dialog.component.ts
index 986cf4d30ee..8a04cb6452d 100644
--- a/bitwarden_license/bit-web/src/app/admin-console/providers/manage/dialogs/bulk-confirm-dialog.component.ts
+++ b/bitwarden_license/bit-web/src/app/admin-console/providers/manage/dialogs/bulk-confirm-dialog.component.ts
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ import { ProviderUserBulkPublicKeyResponse } from "@bitwarden/common/admin-conso
 import { ProviderUserBulkResponse } from "@bitwarden/common/admin-console/models/response/provider/provider-user-bulk.response";
 import { ListResponse } from "@bitwarden/common/models/response/list.response";
 import { CryptoService } from "@bitwarden/common/platform/abstractions/crypto.service";
+import { EncryptService } from "@bitwarden/common/platform/abstractions/encrypt.service";
 import { I18nService } from "@bitwarden/common/platform/abstractions/i18n.service";
 import { SymmetricCryptoKey } from "@bitwarden/common/platform/models/domain/symmetric-crypto-key";
 import { DialogService } from "@bitwarden/components";
@@ -34,10 +35,11 @@ export class BulkConfirmDialogComponent extends BaseBulkConfirmComponent {
   constructor(
     private apiService: ApiService,
     protected cryptoService: CryptoService,
+    protected encryptService: EncryptService,
     @Inject(DIALOG_DATA) protected dialogParams: BulkConfirmDialogParams,
     protected i18nService: I18nService,
   ) {
-    super(cryptoService, i18nService);
+    super(cryptoService, encryptService, i18nService);
 
     this.providerId = dialogParams.providerId;
     this.users = dialogParams.users;
diff --git a/bitwarden_license/bit-web/src/app/admin-console/providers/manage/members.component.ts b/bitwarden_license/bit-web/src/app/admin-console/providers/manage/members.component.ts
index f78bccd3548..38c2dade209 100644
--- a/bitwarden_license/bit-web/src/app/admin-console/providers/manage/members.component.ts
+++ b/bitwarden_license/bit-web/src/app/admin-console/providers/manage/members.component.ts
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ import { ProviderUserConfirmRequest } from "@bitwarden/common/admin-console/mode
 import { ProviderUserUserDetailsResponse } from "@bitwarden/common/admin-console/models/response/provider/provider-user.response";
 import { ListResponse } from "@bitwarden/common/models/response/list.response";
 import { CryptoService } from "@bitwarden/common/platform/abstractions/crypto.service";
+import { EncryptService } from "@bitwarden/common/platform/abstractions/encrypt.service";
 import { I18nService } from "@bitwarden/common/platform/abstractions/i18n.service";
 import { LogService } from "@bitwarden/common/platform/abstractions/log.service";
 import { ValidationService } from "@bitwarden/common/platform/abstractions/validation.service";
@@ -66,6 +67,7 @@ export class MembersComponent extends BaseMembersComponent<ProviderUser> {
     toastService: ToastService,
     userNamePipe: UserNamePipe,
     validationService: ValidationService,
+    private encryptService: EncryptService,
     private activatedRoute: ActivatedRoute,
     private providerService: ProviderService,
     private router: Router,
@@ -184,7 +186,7 @@ export class MembersComponent extends BaseMembersComponent<ProviderUser> {
 
   async confirmUser(user: ProviderUser, publicKey: Uint8Array): Promise<void> {
     const providerKey = await this.cryptoService.getProviderKey(this.providerId);
-    const key = await this.cryptoService.rsaEncrypt(providerKey.key, publicKey);
+    const key = await this.encryptService.rsaEncrypt(providerKey.key, publicKey);
     const request = new ProviderUserConfirmRequest();
     request.key = key.encryptedString;
     await this.apiService.postProviderUserConfirm(this.providerId, user.id, request);
diff --git a/bitwarden_license/bit-web/src/app/admin-console/providers/manage/people.component.ts b/bitwarden_license/bit-web/src/app/admin-console/providers/manage/people.component.ts
index 49961e0c7fc..9293f8c6eb7 100644
--- a/bitwarden_license/bit-web/src/app/admin-console/providers/manage/people.component.ts
+++ b/bitwarden_license/bit-web/src/app/admin-console/providers/manage/people.component.ts
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ import { ProviderUserUserDetailsResponse } from "@bitwarden/common/admin-console
 import { ListResponse } from "@bitwarden/common/models/response/list.response";
 import { ConfigService } from "@bitwarden/common/platform/abstractions/config/config.service";
 import { CryptoService } from "@bitwarden/common/platform/abstractions/crypto.service";
+import { EncryptService } from "@bitwarden/common/platform/abstractions/encrypt.service";
 import { I18nService } from "@bitwarden/common/platform/abstractions/i18n.service";
 import { LogService } from "@bitwarden/common/platform/abstractions/log.service";
 import { PlatformUtilsService } from "@bitwarden/common/platform/abstractions/platform-utils.service";
@@ -65,6 +66,7 @@ export class PeopleComponent
     modalService: ModalService,
     platformUtilsService: PlatformUtilsService,
     cryptoService: CryptoService,
+    private encryptService: EncryptService,
     private router: Router,
     searchService: SearchService,
     validationService: ValidationService,
@@ -150,7 +152,7 @@ export class PeopleComponent
 
   async confirmUser(user: ProviderUserUserDetailsResponse, publicKey: Uint8Array): Promise<any> {
     const providerKey = await this.cryptoService.getProviderKey(this.providerId);
-    const key = await this.cryptoService.rsaEncrypt(providerKey.key, publicKey);
+    const key = await this.encryptService.rsaEncrypt(providerKey.key, publicKey);
     const request = new ProviderUserConfirmRequest();
     request.key = key.encryptedString;
     await this.apiService.postProviderUserConfirm(this.providerId, user.id, request);
diff --git a/libs/angular/src/auth/components/set-password.component.ts b/libs/angular/src/auth/components/set-password.component.ts
index ea4c2fb9267..d1a21e4abb2 100644
--- a/libs/angular/src/auth/components/set-password.component.ts
+++ b/libs/angular/src/auth/components/set-password.component.ts
@@ -215,7 +215,7 @@ export class SetPasswordComponent extends BaseChangePasswordComponent implements
 
             // RSA Encrypt user key with organization public key
             const userKey = await this.cryptoService.getUserKey();
-            const encryptedUserKey = await this.cryptoService.rsaEncrypt(userKey.key, publicKey);
+            const encryptedUserKey = await this.encryptService.rsaEncrypt(userKey.key, publicKey);
 
             const resetRequest = new OrganizationUserResetPasswordEnrollmentRequest();
             resetRequest.masterPasswordHash = masterPasswordHash;
diff --git a/libs/angular/src/services/jslib-services.module.ts b/libs/angular/src/services/jslib-services.module.ts
index 0cc6e74d5b0..512f0730f8f 100644
--- a/libs/angular/src/services/jslib-services.module.ts
+++ b/libs/angular/src/services/jslib-services.module.ts
@@ -961,6 +961,7 @@ const safeProviders: SafeProvider[] = [
       OrganizationApiServiceAbstraction,
       AccountServiceAbstraction,
       CryptoServiceAbstraction,
+      EncryptService,
       OrganizationUserApiService,
       I18nServiceAbstraction,
     ],
@@ -1090,6 +1091,7 @@ const safeProviders: SafeProvider[] = [
       AccountServiceAbstraction,
       InternalMasterPasswordServiceAbstraction,
       CryptoServiceAbstraction,
+      EncryptService,
       ApiServiceAbstraction,
       StateProvider,
     ],
@@ -1285,6 +1287,7 @@ const safeProviders: SafeProvider[] = [
     deps: [
       ApiServiceAbstraction,
       CryptoServiceAbstraction,
+      EncryptService,
       I18nServiceAbstraction,
       KdfConfigServiceAbstraction,
       InternalMasterPasswordServiceAbstraction,
diff --git a/libs/auth/src/angular/set-password-jit/default-set-password-jit.service.spec.ts b/libs/auth/src/angular/set-password-jit/default-set-password-jit.service.spec.ts
index f47e217d0ec..f36283e0c06 100644
--- a/libs/auth/src/angular/set-password-jit/default-set-password-jit.service.spec.ts
+++ b/libs/auth/src/angular/set-password-jit/default-set-password-jit.service.spec.ts
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ import { DEFAULT_KDF_CONFIG } from "@bitwarden/common/auth/models/domain/kdf-con
 import { SetPasswordRequest } from "@bitwarden/common/auth/models/request/set-password.request";
 import { KeysRequest } from "@bitwarden/common/models/request/keys.request";
 import { CryptoService } from "@bitwarden/common/platform/abstractions/crypto.service";
+import { EncryptService } from "@bitwarden/common/platform/abstractions/encrypt.service";
 import { I18nService } from "@bitwarden/common/platform/abstractions/i18n.service";
 import { Utils } from "@bitwarden/common/platform/misc/utils";
 import { EncString } from "@bitwarden/common/platform/models/domain/enc-string";
@@ -33,6 +34,7 @@ describe("DefaultSetPasswordJitService", () => {
 
   let apiService: MockProxy<ApiService>;
   let cryptoService: MockProxy<CryptoService>;
+  let encryptService: MockProxy<EncryptService>;
   let i18nService: MockProxy<I18nService>;
   let kdfConfigService: MockProxy<KdfConfigService>;
   let masterPasswordService: MockProxy<InternalMasterPasswordServiceAbstraction>;
@@ -43,6 +45,7 @@ describe("DefaultSetPasswordJitService", () => {
   beforeEach(() => {
     apiService = mock<ApiService>();
     cryptoService = mock<CryptoService>();
+    encryptService = mock<EncryptService>();
     i18nService = mock<I18nService>();
     kdfConfigService = mock<KdfConfigService>();
     masterPasswordService = mock<InternalMasterPasswordServiceAbstraction>();
@@ -53,6 +56,7 @@ describe("DefaultSetPasswordJitService", () => {
     sut = new DefaultSetPasswordJitService(
       apiService,
       cryptoService,
+      encryptService,
       i18nService,
       kdfConfigService,
       masterPasswordService,
@@ -168,7 +172,7 @@ describe("DefaultSetPasswordJitService", () => {
       }
 
       cryptoService.userKey$.mockReturnValue(of(userKey));
-      cryptoService.rsaEncrypt.mockResolvedValue(userKeyEncString);
+      encryptService.rsaEncrypt.mockResolvedValue(userKeyEncString);
 
       organizationUserApiService.putOrganizationUserResetPasswordEnrollment.mockResolvedValue(
         undefined,
@@ -210,7 +214,7 @@ describe("DefaultSetPasswordJitService", () => {
       // Assert
       expect(apiService.setPassword).toHaveBeenCalledWith(setPasswordRequest);
       expect(organizationApiService.getKeys).toHaveBeenCalledWith(orgId);
-      expect(cryptoService.rsaEncrypt).toHaveBeenCalledWith(userKey.key, orgPublicKey);
+      expect(encryptService.rsaEncrypt).toHaveBeenCalledWith(userKey.key, orgPublicKey);
       expect(
         organizationUserApiService.putOrganizationUserResetPasswordEnrollment,
       ).toHaveBeenCalled();
diff --git a/libs/auth/src/angular/set-password-jit/default-set-password-jit.service.ts b/libs/auth/src/angular/set-password-jit/default-set-password-jit.service.ts
index 968ba60dec3..1993877966f 100644
--- a/libs/auth/src/angular/set-password-jit/default-set-password-jit.service.ts
+++ b/libs/auth/src/angular/set-password-jit/default-set-password-jit.service.ts
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ import { PBKDF2KdfConfig } from "@bitwarden/common/auth/models/domain/kdf-config
 import { SetPasswordRequest } from "@bitwarden/common/auth/models/request/set-password.request";
 import { KeysRequest } from "@bitwarden/common/models/request/keys.request";
 import { CryptoService } from "@bitwarden/common/platform/abstractions/crypto.service";
+import { EncryptService } from "@bitwarden/common/platform/abstractions/encrypt.service";
 import { I18nService } from "@bitwarden/common/platform/abstractions/i18n.service";
 import { Utils } from "@bitwarden/common/platform/misc/utils";
 import { EncString } from "@bitwarden/common/platform/models/domain/enc-string";
@@ -29,6 +30,7 @@ export class DefaultSetPasswordJitService implements SetPasswordJitService {
   constructor(
     protected apiService: ApiService,
     protected cryptoService: CryptoService,
+    protected encryptService: EncryptService,
     protected i18nService: I18nService,
     protected kdfConfigService: KdfConfigService,
     protected masterPasswordService: InternalMasterPasswordServiceAbstraction,
@@ -157,7 +159,7 @@ export class DefaultSetPasswordJitService implements SetPasswordJitService {
       throw new Error("userKey not found. Could not handle reset password auto enroll.");
     }
 
-    const encryptedUserKey = await this.cryptoService.rsaEncrypt(userKey.key, publicKey);
+    const encryptedUserKey = await this.encryptService.rsaEncrypt(userKey.key, publicKey);
 
     const resetRequest = new OrganizationUserResetPasswordEnrollmentRequest();
     resetRequest.masterPasswordHash = masterKeyHash;
diff --git a/libs/auth/src/common/login-strategies/webauthn-login.strategy.spec.ts b/libs/auth/src/common/login-strategies/webauthn-login.strategy.spec.ts
index b25022d25df..e4b1f740310 100644
--- a/libs/auth/src/common/login-strategies/webauthn-login.strategy.spec.ts
+++ b/libs/auth/src/common/login-strategies/webauthn-login.strategy.spec.ts
@@ -226,7 +226,7 @@ describe("WebAuthnLoginStrategy", () => {
     const mockUserKey = new SymmetricCryptoKey(mockUserKeyArray) as UserKey;
 
     encryptService.decryptToBytes.mockResolvedValue(mockPrfPrivateKey);
-    cryptoService.rsaDecrypt.mockResolvedValue(mockUserKeyArray);
+    encryptService.rsaDecrypt.mockResolvedValue(mockUserKeyArray);
 
     // Act
     await webAuthnLoginStrategy.logIn(webAuthnCredentials);
@@ -244,9 +244,9 @@ describe("WebAuthnLoginStrategy", () => {
       idTokenResponse.userDecryptionOptions.webAuthnPrfOption.encryptedPrivateKey,
       webAuthnCredentials.prfKey,
     );
-    expect(cryptoService.rsaDecrypt).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
-    expect(cryptoService.rsaDecrypt).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
-      idTokenResponse.userDecryptionOptions.webAuthnPrfOption.encryptedUserKey.encryptedString,
+    expect(encryptService.rsaDecrypt).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    expect(encryptService.rsaDecrypt).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+      idTokenResponse.userDecryptionOptions.webAuthnPrfOption.encryptedUserKey,
       mockPrfPrivateKey,
     );
     expect(cryptoService.setUserKey).toHaveBeenCalledWith(mockUserKey, userId);
@@ -273,7 +273,7 @@ describe("WebAuthnLoginStrategy", () => {
 
     // Assert
     expect(encryptService.decryptToBytes).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
-    expect(cryptoService.rsaDecrypt).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    expect(encryptService.rsaDecrypt).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
     expect(cryptoService.setUserKey).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
   });
 
@@ -325,7 +325,7 @@ describe("WebAuthnLoginStrategy", () => {
 
     apiService.postIdentityToken.mockResolvedValue(idTokenResponse);
 
-    cryptoService.rsaDecrypt.mockResolvedValue(null);
+    encryptService.rsaDecrypt.mockResolvedValue(null);
 
     // Act
     await webAuthnLoginStrategy.logIn(webAuthnCredentials);
diff --git a/libs/auth/src/common/login-strategies/webauthn-login.strategy.ts b/libs/auth/src/common/login-strategies/webauthn-login.strategy.ts
index 96f8bc7d633..c5451d13df5 100644
--- a/libs/auth/src/common/login-strategies/webauthn-login.strategy.ts
+++ b/libs/auth/src/common/login-strategies/webauthn-login.strategy.ts
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import { Jsonify } from "type-fest";
 import { AuthResult } from "@bitwarden/common/auth/models/domain/auth-result";
 import { WebAuthnLoginTokenRequest } from "@bitwarden/common/auth/models/request/identity-token/webauthn-login-token.request";
 import { IdentityTokenResponse } from "@bitwarden/common/auth/models/response/identity-token.response";
+import { EncString } from "@bitwarden/common/platform/models/domain/enc-string";
 import { SymmetricCryptoKey } from "@bitwarden/common/platform/models/domain/symmetric-crypto-key";
 import { UserId } from "@bitwarden/common/types/guid";
 import { UserKey } from "@bitwarden/common/types/key";
@@ -86,8 +87,8 @@ export class WebAuthnLoginStrategy extends LoginStrategy {
       );
 
       // decrypt user key with private key
-      const userKey = await this.cryptoService.rsaDecrypt(
-        webAuthnPrfOption.encryptedUserKey.encryptedString,
+      const userKey = await this.encryptService.rsaDecrypt(
+        new EncString(webAuthnPrfOption.encryptedUserKey.encryptedString),
         privateKey,
       );
 
diff --git a/libs/auth/src/common/services/auth-request/auth-request.service.spec.ts b/libs/auth/src/common/services/auth-request/auth-request.service.spec.ts
index 14f807a7708..58dbae6d789 100644
--- a/libs/auth/src/common/services/auth-request/auth-request.service.spec.ts
+++ b/libs/auth/src/common/services/auth-request/auth-request.service.spec.ts
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import { FakeMasterPasswordService } from "@bitwarden/common/auth/services/maste
 import { AuthRequestPushNotification } from "@bitwarden/common/models/response/notification.response";
 import { AppIdService } from "@bitwarden/common/platform/abstractions/app-id.service";
 import { CryptoService } from "@bitwarden/common/platform/abstractions/crypto.service";
+import { EncryptService } from "@bitwarden/common/platform/abstractions/encrypt.service";
 import { Utils } from "@bitwarden/common/platform/misc/utils";
 import { EncString } from "@bitwarden/common/platform/models/domain/enc-string";
 import { SymmetricCryptoKey } from "@bitwarden/common/platform/models/domain/symmetric-crypto-key";
@@ -24,6 +25,7 @@ describe("AuthRequestService", () => {
   let masterPasswordService: FakeMasterPasswordService;
   const appIdService = mock<AppIdService>();
   const cryptoService = mock<CryptoService>();
+  const encryptService = mock<EncryptService>();
   const apiService = mock<ApiService>();
 
   let mockPrivateKey: Uint8Array;
@@ -40,6 +42,7 @@ describe("AuthRequestService", () => {
       accountService,
       masterPasswordService,
       cryptoService,
+      encryptService,
       apiService,
       stateProvider,
     );
@@ -82,7 +85,7 @@ describe("AuthRequestService", () => {
 
   describe("approveOrDenyAuthRequest", () => {
     beforeEach(() => {
-      cryptoService.rsaEncrypt.mockResolvedValue({
+      encryptService.rsaEncrypt.mockResolvedValue({
         encryptedString: "ENCRYPTED_STRING",
       } as EncString);
       appIdService.getAppId.mockResolvedValue("APP_ID");
@@ -108,7 +111,7 @@ describe("AuthRequestService", () => {
         new AuthRequestResponse({ id: "123", publicKey: "KEY" }),
       );
 
-      expect(cryptoService.rsaEncrypt).toHaveBeenCalledWith(new Uint8Array(64), expect.anything());
+      expect(encryptService.rsaEncrypt).toHaveBeenCalledWith(new Uint8Array(64), expect.anything());
     });
 
     it("should use the user key if the master key and hash do not exist", async () => {
@@ -119,7 +122,7 @@ describe("AuthRequestService", () => {
         new AuthRequestResponse({ id: "123", publicKey: "KEY" }),
       );
 
-      expect(cryptoService.rsaEncrypt).toHaveBeenCalledWith(new Uint8Array(64), expect.anything());
+      expect(encryptService.rsaEncrypt).toHaveBeenCalledWith(new Uint8Array(64), expect.anything());
     });
   });
   describe("setUserKeyAfterDecryptingSharedUserKey", () => {
@@ -211,7 +214,7 @@ describe("AuthRequestService", () => {
       const mockDecryptedUserKeyBytes = new Uint8Array(64);
       const mockDecryptedUserKey = new SymmetricCryptoKey(mockDecryptedUserKeyBytes) as UserKey;
 
-      cryptoService.rsaDecrypt.mockResolvedValueOnce(mockDecryptedUserKeyBytes);
+      encryptService.rsaDecrypt.mockResolvedValueOnce(mockDecryptedUserKeyBytes);
 
       // Act
       const result = await sut.decryptPubKeyEncryptedUserKey(
@@ -220,7 +223,10 @@ describe("AuthRequestService", () => {
       );
 
       // Assert
-      expect(cryptoService.rsaDecrypt).toBeCalledWith(mockPubKeyEncryptedUserKey, mockPrivateKey);
+      expect(encryptService.rsaDecrypt).toBeCalledWith(
+        new EncString(mockPubKeyEncryptedUserKey),
+        mockPrivateKey,
+      );
       expect(result).toEqual(mockDecryptedUserKey);
     });
   });
@@ -238,7 +244,7 @@ describe("AuthRequestService", () => {
       const mockDecryptedMasterKeyHashBytes = new Uint8Array(64);
       const mockDecryptedMasterKeyHash = Utils.fromBufferToUtf8(mockDecryptedMasterKeyHashBytes);
 
-      cryptoService.rsaDecrypt
+      encryptService.rsaDecrypt
         .mockResolvedValueOnce(mockDecryptedMasterKeyBytes)
         .mockResolvedValueOnce(mockDecryptedMasterKeyHashBytes);
 
@@ -250,14 +256,14 @@ describe("AuthRequestService", () => {
       );
 
       // Assert
-      expect(cryptoService.rsaDecrypt).toHaveBeenNthCalledWith(
+      expect(encryptService.rsaDecrypt).toHaveBeenNthCalledWith(
         1,
-        mockPubKeyEncryptedMasterKey,
+        new EncString(mockPubKeyEncryptedMasterKey),
         mockPrivateKey,
       );
-      expect(cryptoService.rsaDecrypt).toHaveBeenNthCalledWith(
+      expect(encryptService.rsaDecrypt).toHaveBeenNthCalledWith(
         2,
-        mockPubKeyEncryptedMasterKeyHash,
+        new EncString(mockPubKeyEncryptedMasterKeyHash),
         mockPrivateKey,
       );
       expect(result.masterKey).toEqual(mockDecryptedMasterKey);
diff --git a/libs/auth/src/common/services/auth-request/auth-request.service.ts b/libs/auth/src/common/services/auth-request/auth-request.service.ts
index eefee511f82..51926d65983 100644
--- a/libs/auth/src/common/services/auth-request/auth-request.service.ts
+++ b/libs/auth/src/common/services/auth-request/auth-request.service.ts
@@ -10,7 +10,9 @@ import { AuthRequestResponse } from "@bitwarden/common/auth/models/response/auth
 import { AuthRequestPushNotification } from "@bitwarden/common/models/response/notification.response";
 import { AppIdService } from "@bitwarden/common/platform/abstractions/app-id.service";
 import { CryptoService } from "@bitwarden/common/platform/abstractions/crypto.service";
+import { EncryptService } from "@bitwarden/common/platform/abstractions/encrypt.service";
 import { Utils } from "@bitwarden/common/platform/misc/utils";
+import { EncString } from "@bitwarden/common/platform/models/domain/enc-string";
 import { SymmetricCryptoKey } from "@bitwarden/common/platform/models/domain/symmetric-crypto-key";
 import {
   AUTH_REQUEST_DISK_LOCAL,
@@ -44,6 +46,7 @@ export class AuthRequestService implements AuthRequestServiceAbstraction {
     private accountService: AccountService,
     private masterPasswordService: InternalMasterPasswordServiceAbstraction,
     private cryptoService: CryptoService,
+    private encryptService: EncryptService,
     private apiService: ApiService,
     private stateProvider: StateProvider,
   ) {
@@ -102,7 +105,7 @@ export class AuthRequestService implements AuthRequestServiceAbstraction {
     if (masterKey && masterKeyHash) {
       // Only encrypt the master password hash if masterKey exists as
       // we won't have a masterKeyHash without a masterKey
-      encryptedMasterKeyHash = await this.cryptoService.rsaEncrypt(
+      encryptedMasterKeyHash = await this.encryptService.rsaEncrypt(
         Utils.fromUtf8ToArray(masterKeyHash),
         pubKey,
       );
@@ -112,7 +115,7 @@ export class AuthRequestService implements AuthRequestServiceAbstraction {
       keyToEncrypt = userKey.key;
     }
 
-    const encryptedKey = await this.cryptoService.rsaEncrypt(keyToEncrypt, pubKey);
+    const encryptedKey = await this.encryptService.rsaEncrypt(keyToEncrypt, pubKey);
 
     const response = new PasswordlessAuthRequest(
       encryptedKey.encryptedString,
@@ -161,8 +164,8 @@ export class AuthRequestService implements AuthRequestServiceAbstraction {
     pubKeyEncryptedUserKey: string,
     privateKey: Uint8Array,
   ): Promise<UserKey> {
-    const decryptedUserKeyBytes = await this.cryptoService.rsaDecrypt(
-      pubKeyEncryptedUserKey,
+    const decryptedUserKeyBytes = await this.encryptService.rsaDecrypt(
+      new EncString(pubKeyEncryptedUserKey),
       privateKey,
     );
 
@@ -174,13 +177,13 @@ export class AuthRequestService implements AuthRequestServiceAbstraction {
     pubKeyEncryptedMasterKeyHash: string,
     privateKey: Uint8Array,
   ): Promise<{ masterKey: MasterKey; masterKeyHash: string }> {
-    const decryptedMasterKeyArrayBuffer = await this.cryptoService.rsaDecrypt(
-      pubKeyEncryptedMasterKey,
+    const decryptedMasterKeyArrayBuffer = await this.encryptService.rsaDecrypt(
+      new EncString(pubKeyEncryptedMasterKey),
       privateKey,
     );
 
-    const decryptedMasterKeyHashArrayBuffer = await this.cryptoService.rsaDecrypt(
-      pubKeyEncryptedMasterKeyHash,
+    const decryptedMasterKeyHashArrayBuffer = await this.encryptService.rsaDecrypt(
+      new EncString(pubKeyEncryptedMasterKeyHash),
       privateKey,
     );
 
diff --git a/libs/common/src/auth/services/device-trust.service.implementation.ts b/libs/common/src/auth/services/device-trust.service.implementation.ts
index c1cf871e257..178f4b06545 100644
--- a/libs/common/src/auth/services/device-trust.service.implementation.ts
+++ b/libs/common/src/auth/services/device-trust.service.implementation.ts
@@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ export class DeviceTrustService implements DeviceTrustServiceAbstraction {
       deviceKeyEncryptedDevicePrivateKey,
     ] = await Promise.all([
       // Encrypt user key with the DevicePublicKey
-      this.cryptoService.rsaEncrypt(userKey.key, devicePublicKey),
+      this.encryptService.rsaEncrypt(userKey.key, devicePublicKey),
 
       // Encrypt devicePublicKey with user key
       this.encryptService.encrypt(devicePublicKey, userKey),
@@ -206,7 +206,7 @@ export class DeviceTrustService implements DeviceTrustServiceAbstraction {
     );
 
     // Encrypt the brand new user key with the now-decrypted public key for the device
-    const encryptedNewUserKey = await this.cryptoService.rsaEncrypt(
+    const encryptedNewUserKey = await this.encryptService.rsaEncrypt(
       newUserKey.key,
       decryptedDevicePublicKey,
     );
@@ -317,8 +317,8 @@ export class DeviceTrustService implements DeviceTrustServiceAbstraction {
       );
 
       // Attempt to decrypt encryptedUserDataKey with devicePrivateKey
-      const userKey = await this.cryptoService.rsaDecrypt(
-        encryptedUserKey.encryptedString,
+      const userKey = await this.encryptService.rsaDecrypt(
+        new EncString(encryptedUserKey.encryptedString),
         devicePrivateKey,
       );
 
diff --git a/libs/common/src/auth/services/device-trust.service.spec.ts b/libs/common/src/auth/services/device-trust.service.spec.ts
index 7afd38ec0ad..1171ae2918a 100644
--- a/libs/common/src/auth/services/device-trust.service.spec.ts
+++ b/libs/common/src/auth/services/device-trust.service.spec.ts
@@ -372,7 +372,7 @@ describe("deviceTrustService", () => {
           .mockResolvedValue(mockUserKey);
 
         cryptoSvcRsaEncryptSpy = jest
-          .spyOn(cryptoService, "rsaEncrypt")
+          .spyOn(encryptService, "rsaEncrypt")
           .mockResolvedValue(mockDevicePublicKeyEncryptedUserKey);
 
         encryptServiceEncryptSpy = jest
@@ -577,7 +577,7 @@ describe("deviceTrustService", () => {
           .spyOn(encryptService, "decryptToBytes")
           .mockResolvedValue(new Uint8Array(userKeyBytesLength));
         const rsaDecryptSpy = jest
-          .spyOn(cryptoService, "rsaDecrypt")
+          .spyOn(encryptService, "rsaDecrypt")
           .mockResolvedValue(new Uint8Array(userKeyBytesLength));
 
         const result = await deviceTrustService.decryptUserKeyWithDeviceKey(
@@ -696,7 +696,7 @@ describe("deviceTrustService", () => {
           });
 
           // Mock the encryption of the new user key with the decrypted public key
-          cryptoService.rsaEncrypt.mockImplementationOnce((data, publicKey) => {
+          encryptService.rsaEncrypt.mockImplementationOnce((data, publicKey) => {
             expect(data.byteLength).toBe(64); // New key should also be 64 bytes
             expect(new Uint8Array(data)[0]).toBe(FakeNewUserKeyMarker); // New key should have the first byte be '1';
 
diff --git a/libs/common/src/auth/services/password-reset-enrollment.service.implementation.spec.ts b/libs/common/src/auth/services/password-reset-enrollment.service.implementation.spec.ts
index 575b3a6ee79..b78ef52f07f 100644
--- a/libs/common/src/auth/services/password-reset-enrollment.service.implementation.spec.ts
+++ b/libs/common/src/auth/services/password-reset-enrollment.service.implementation.spec.ts
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import { mock, MockProxy } from "jest-mock-extended";
 import { BehaviorSubject } from "rxjs";
 
 import { OrganizationUserApiService } from "@bitwarden/admin-console/common";
+import { EncryptService } from "@bitwarden/common/platform/abstractions/encrypt.service";
 
 import { UserId } from "../../../../common/src/types/guid";
 import { OrganizationApiServiceAbstraction } from "../../admin-console/abstractions/organization/organization-api.service.abstraction";
@@ -18,6 +19,7 @@ describe("PasswordResetEnrollmentServiceImplementation", () => {
   let organizationApiService: MockProxy<OrganizationApiServiceAbstraction>;
   let accountService: MockProxy<AccountService>;
   let cryptoService: MockProxy<CryptoService>;
+  let encryptService: MockProxy<EncryptService>;
   let organizationUserApiService: MockProxy<OrganizationUserApiService>;
   let i18nService: MockProxy<I18nService>;
   let service: PasswordResetEnrollmentServiceImplementation;
@@ -27,12 +29,14 @@ describe("PasswordResetEnrollmentServiceImplementation", () => {
     accountService = mock<AccountService>();
     accountService.activeAccount$ = activeAccountSubject;
     cryptoService = mock<CryptoService>();
+    encryptService = mock<EncryptService>();
     organizationUserApiService = mock<OrganizationUserApiService>();
     i18nService = mock<I18nService>();
     service = new PasswordResetEnrollmentServiceImplementation(
       organizationApiService,
       accountService,
       cryptoService,
+      encryptService,
       organizationUserApiService,
       i18nService,
     );
@@ -96,7 +100,7 @@ describe("PasswordResetEnrollmentServiceImplementation", () => {
       activeAccountSubject.next(Object.assign(user1AccountInfo, { id: "userId" as UserId }));
 
       cryptoService.getUserKey.mockResolvedValue({ key: "key" } as any);
-      cryptoService.rsaEncrypt.mockResolvedValue(encryptedKey as any);
+      encryptService.rsaEncrypt.mockResolvedValue(encryptedKey as any);
 
       await service.enroll("orgId");
 
@@ -118,7 +122,7 @@ describe("PasswordResetEnrollmentServiceImplementation", () => {
       };
       const encryptedKey = { encryptedString: "encryptedString" };
       organizationApiService.getKeys.mockResolvedValue(orgKeyResponse as any);
-      cryptoService.rsaEncrypt.mockResolvedValue(encryptedKey as any);
+      encryptService.rsaEncrypt.mockResolvedValue(encryptedKey as any);
 
       await service.enroll("orgId", "userId", { key: "key" } as any);
 
diff --git a/libs/common/src/auth/services/password-reset-enrollment.service.implementation.ts b/libs/common/src/auth/services/password-reset-enrollment.service.implementation.ts
index 65718d96694..7dc5f449959 100644
--- a/libs/common/src/auth/services/password-reset-enrollment.service.implementation.ts
+++ b/libs/common/src/auth/services/password-reset-enrollment.service.implementation.ts
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import {
   OrganizationUserApiService,
   OrganizationUserResetPasswordEnrollmentRequest,
 } from "@bitwarden/admin-console/common";
+import { EncryptService } from "@bitwarden/common/platform/abstractions/encrypt.service";
 
 import { OrganizationApiServiceAbstraction } from "../../admin-console/abstractions/organization/organization-api.service.abstraction";
 import { CryptoService } from "../../platform/abstractions/crypto.service";
@@ -20,6 +21,7 @@ export class PasswordResetEnrollmentServiceImplementation
     protected organizationApiService: OrganizationApiServiceAbstraction,
     protected accountService: AccountService,
     protected cryptoService: CryptoService,
+    protected encryptService: EncryptService,
     protected organizationUserApiService: OrganizationUserApiService,
     protected i18nService: I18nService,
   ) {}
@@ -47,7 +49,7 @@ export class PasswordResetEnrollmentServiceImplementation
       userId ?? (await firstValueFrom(this.accountService.activeAccount$.pipe(map((a) => a?.id))));
     userKey = userKey ?? (await this.cryptoService.getUserKey(userId));
     // RSA Encrypt user's userKey.key with organization public key
-    const encryptedKey = await this.cryptoService.rsaEncrypt(userKey.key, orgPublicKey);
+    const encryptedKey = await this.encryptService.rsaEncrypt(userKey.key, orgPublicKey);
 
     const resetRequest = new OrganizationUserResetPasswordEnrollmentRequest();
     resetRequest.resetPasswordKey = encryptedKey.encryptedString;
diff --git a/libs/common/src/platform/abstractions/crypto.service.ts b/libs/common/src/platform/abstractions/crypto.service.ts
index 2a8e1ad6476..020cfb81754 100644
--- a/libs/common/src/platform/abstractions/crypto.service.ts
+++ b/libs/common/src/platform/abstractions/crypto.service.ts
@@ -329,22 +329,6 @@ export abstract class CryptoService {
    * @param userId The user's Id
    */
   abstract clearKeys(userId?: string): Promise<any>;
-  /**
-   * RSA encrypts a value.
-   * @param data The data to encrypt
-   * @param publicKey The public key to use for encryption, if not provided, the user's public key will be used
-   * @returns The encrypted data
-   * @throws If the given publicKey is a null-ish value.
-   */
-  abstract rsaEncrypt(data: Uint8Array, publicKey: Uint8Array): Promise<EncString>;
-  /**
-   * Decrypts a value using RSA.
-   * @param encValue The encrypted value to decrypt
-   * @param privateKey The private key to use for decryption
-   * @returns The decrypted value
-   * @throws If the given privateKey is a null-ish value.
-   */
-  abstract rsaDecrypt(encValue: string, privateKey: Uint8Array): Promise<Uint8Array>;
   abstract randomNumber(min: number, max: number): Promise<number>;
   /**
    * Generates a new cipher key
diff --git a/libs/common/src/platform/services/crypto.service.ts b/libs/common/src/platform/services/crypto.service.ts
index 6a93ac7f3ff..6b2afdb9806 100644
--- a/libs/common/src/platform/services/crypto.service.ts
+++ b/libs/common/src/platform/services/crypto.service.ts
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ import { KeyGenerationService } from "../abstractions/key-generation.service";
 import { LogService } from "../abstractions/log.service";
 import { PlatformUtilsService } from "../abstractions/platform-utils.service";
 import { StateService } from "../abstractions/state.service";
-import { KeySuffixOptions, HashPurpose, EncryptionType } from "../enums";
+import { KeySuffixOptions, HashPurpose } from "../enums";
 import { convertValues } from "../misc/convert-values";
 import { EFFLongWordList } from "../misc/wordlist";
 import { EncString, EncryptedString } from "../models/domain/enc-string";
@@ -441,7 +441,7 @@ export class CryptoService implements CryptoServiceAbstraction {
     const shareKey = await this.keyGenerationService.createKey(512);
     userId ??= await firstValueFrom(this.stateProvider.activeUserId$);
     const publicKey = await firstValueFrom(this.userPublicKey$(userId));
-    const encShareKey = await this.rsaEncrypt(shareKey.key, publicKey);
+    const encShareKey = await this.encryptService.rsaEncrypt(shareKey.key, publicKey);
     return [encShareKey, shareKey as T];
   }
 
@@ -550,68 +550,6 @@ export class CryptoService implements CryptoServiceAbstraction {
     await this.stateProvider.setUserState(USER_EVER_HAD_USER_KEY, null, userId);
   }
 
-  async rsaEncrypt(data: Uint8Array, publicKey: Uint8Array): Promise<EncString> {
-    if (publicKey == null) {
-      throw new Error("'publicKey' is a required parameter and must be non-null");
-    }
-
-    const encBytes = await this.cryptoFunctionService.rsaEncrypt(data, publicKey, "sha1");
-    return new EncString(EncryptionType.Rsa2048_OaepSha1_B64, Utils.fromBufferToB64(encBytes));
-  }
-
-  async rsaDecrypt(encValue: string, privateKey: Uint8Array): Promise<Uint8Array> {
-    if (privateKey == null) {
-      throw new Error("'privateKey' is a required parameter and must be non-null");
-    }
-
-    const headerPieces = encValue.split(".");
-    let encType: EncryptionType = null;
-    let encPieces: string[];
-
-    if (headerPieces.length === 1) {
-      encType = EncryptionType.Rsa2048_OaepSha256_B64;
-      encPieces = [headerPieces[0]];
-    } else if (headerPieces.length === 2) {
-      try {
-        encType = parseInt(headerPieces[0], null);
-        encPieces = headerPieces[1].split("|");
-      } catch (e) {
-        this.logService.error(e);
-      }
-    }
-
-    switch (encType) {
-      case EncryptionType.Rsa2048_OaepSha256_B64:
-      case EncryptionType.Rsa2048_OaepSha1_B64:
-      case EncryptionType.Rsa2048_OaepSha256_HmacSha256_B64: // HmacSha256 types are deprecated
-      case EncryptionType.Rsa2048_OaepSha1_HmacSha256_B64:
-        break;
-      default:
-        throw new Error("encType unavailable.");
-    }
-
-    if (encPieces == null || encPieces.length <= 0) {
-      throw new Error("encPieces unavailable.");
-    }
-
-    const data = Utils.fromB64ToArray(encPieces[0]);
-
-    let alg: "sha1" | "sha256" = "sha1";
-    switch (encType) {
-      case EncryptionType.Rsa2048_OaepSha256_B64:
-      case EncryptionType.Rsa2048_OaepSha256_HmacSha256_B64:
-        alg = "sha256";
-        break;
-      case EncryptionType.Rsa2048_OaepSha1_B64:
-      case EncryptionType.Rsa2048_OaepSha1_HmacSha256_B64:
-        break;
-      default:
-        throw new Error("encType unavailable.");
-    }
-
-    return this.cryptoFunctionService.rsaDecrypt(data, privateKey, alg);
-  }
-
   // EFForg/OpenWireless
   // ref https://github.com/EFForg/OpenWireless/blob/master/app/js/diceware.js
   async randomNumber(min: number, max: number): Promise<number> {
diff --git a/package-lock.json b/package-lock.json
index d760d36e573..c2571510a9b 100644
--- a/package-lock.json
+++ b/package-lock.json
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
         "@angular/platform-browser": "16.2.12",
         "@angular/platform-browser-dynamic": "16.2.12",
         "@angular/router": "16.2.12",
+        "@electron/fuses": "1.8.0",
         "@koa/multer": "3.0.2",
         "@koa/router": "12.0.1",
         "@microsoft/signalr": "8.0.7",
@@ -5126,6 +5127,33 @@
         "node": "*"
       }
     },
+    "node_modules/@electron/fuses": {
+      "version": "1.8.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@electron/fuses/-/fuses-1.8.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-zx0EIq78WlY/lBb1uXlziZmDZI4ubcCXIMJ4uGjXzZW0nS19TjSPeXPAjzzTmKQlJUZm0SbmZhPKP7tuQ1SsEw==",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "chalk": "^4.1.1",
+        "fs-extra": "^9.0.1",
+        "minimist": "^1.2.5"
+      },
+      "bin": {
+        "electron-fuses": "dist/bin.js"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/@electron/fuses/node_modules/fs-extra": {
+      "version": "9.1.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/fs-extra/-/fs-extra-9.1.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-hcg3ZmepS30/7BSFqRvoo3DOMQu7IjqxO5nCDt+zM9XWjb33Wg7ziNT+Qvqbuc3+gWpzO02JubVyk2G4Zvo1OQ==",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "at-least-node": "^1.0.0",
+        "graceful-fs": "^4.2.0",
+        "jsonfile": "^6.0.1",
+        "universalify": "^2.0.0"
+      },
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=10"
+      }
+    },
     "node_modules/@electron/get": {
       "version": "2.0.3",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@electron/get/-/get-2.0.3.tgz",
diff --git a/package.json b/package.json
index b1e69fca494..d2a42da8592 100644
--- a/package.json
+++ b/package.json
@@ -157,6 +157,7 @@
     "@angular/platform-browser": "16.2.12",
     "@angular/platform-browser-dynamic": "16.2.12",
     "@angular/router": "16.2.12",
+    "@electron/fuses": "1.8.0",
     "@koa/multer": "3.0.2",
     "@koa/router": "12.0.1",
     "@microsoft/signalr": "8.0.7",