diff --git a/.emacs.d/.cache/treemacs-persist b/.emacs.d/.cache/treemacs-persist
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1222361
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.emacs.d/.cache/treemacs-persist
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+* Default
+** .emacs.d
+ - path :: ~/.emacs.d
diff --git a/.emacs.d/.cache/treemacs-persist~ b/.emacs.d/.cache/treemacs-persist~
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1222361
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.emacs.d/.cache/treemacs-persist~
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+* Default
+** .emacs.d
+ - path :: ~/.emacs.d
diff --git a/.emacs.d/lisp/xah-fly-keys.el b/.emacs.d/lisp/xah-fly-keys.el
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..695d9da
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.emacs.d/lisp/xah-fly-keys.el
@@ -0,0 +1,4166 @@
+;;; xah-fly-keys.el --- ergonomic modal keybinding minor mode. -*- coding: utf-8; lexical-binding: t; -*-
+
+;; Copyright © 2013, 2024 by Xah Lee
+
+;; Author: Xah Lee ( http://xahlee.info/ )
+;; Maintainer: Xah Lee <xah@xahlee.org>
+;; Version: 26.9.20250205172500
+;; Created: 2013-09-10
+;; Package-Requires: ((emacs "27"))
+;; Keywords: convenience, vi, vim, ergoemacs, keybinding
+;; License: GPL v3.
+;; Homepage: http://xahlee.info/emacs/misc/xah-fly-keys.html
+
+;; This file is not part of GNU Emacs.
+
+;;; Commentary:
+
+;; xah-fly-keys is a efficient keybinding for emacs. It is modal like
+;; vi, but key choices are based on statistics of command call
+;; frequency.
+
+;;; Usage:
+
+;; M-x xah-fly-keys to toggle the mode on/off.
+
+;; Important command/insert mode switch keys:
+
+;; M-x `xah-fly-command-mode-activate'
+;; or press F8 or Alt+Space or Ctrl+Space or <escape>.
+;; Note: if using emacs 28 or before, escape key only works when in emacs is running in graphical user interface mode.
+
+;; M-x `xah-fly-insert-mode-activate'
+;; when in command mode, press qwerty letter key f.
+
+;; When in command mode:
+
+;; "f" calls `xah-fly-insert-mode-activate'.
+
+;; Space is a leader key. For example, "SPC r" calls `query-replace'.
+;; Press "SPC C-h" to see the full list.
+
+;; "SPC SPC" also activates insertion mode.
+
+;; "SPC RET" calls `execute-extended-command'.
+
+;; "a" calls `execute-extended-command'.
+
+;; The leader key sequence basically supplant ALL emacs commands that
+;; starts with C-x key.
+
+;; When using xah-fly-keys, you don't need to press Control or Meta,
+;; with the following exceptions:
+
+;; "C-c" for major mode commands.
+;; "C-g" for cancel.
+;; "C-q" for quoted-insert.
+;; "C-h" for getting a list of keys following a prefix/leader key.
+
+;; Leader key
+
+;; You NEVER need to press "C-x"
+
+;; Any emacs command that has a keybinding starting with C-x, has also
+;; a key sequence binding in xah-fly-keys. For example,
+
+;; "C-x b" for `switch-to-buffer' is "SPC f"
+;; "C-x C-f" for `find-file' is "SPC i e"
+;; "C-x n n" for `narrow-to-region' is "SPC l l"
+
+;; The first key we call it leader key. In the above examples, the SPC
+;; is the leader key.
+
+;; When in command mode, the "SPC" is a leader key.
+
+;; the following standard keys with Control are supported:
+
+;; "C-TAB" `xah-next-user-buffer'
+;; "C-S-TAB" `xah-previous-user-buffer'
+;; "C-v" paste
+;; "C-w" close
+;; "C-z" undo
+;; "C-n" new
+;; "C-o" open
+;; "C-s" save
+;; "C-S-s" save as
+;; "C-S-t" open last closed
+;; "C-+" `text-scale-increase'
+;; "C--" `text-scale-decrease'
+
+;; To disable both Control and Meta shortcut keys, add the following
+;; lines to you init.el BEFORE loading xah-fly-keys:
+
+;; (setq xah-fly-use-control-key nil)
+;; (setq xah-fly-use-meta-key nil)
+
+;; If you have a bug, post on github.
+
+;; For detail about design and other info, see home page at
+;; http://xahlee.info/emacs/misc/xah-fly-keys.html
+
+;; If you like this project, paypal me $30 to Xah@XahLee.org
+
+;;; Installation:
+;; here's how to manual install
+;;
+;; put the file xah-fly-keys.el in ~/.emacs.d/lisp/
+;; create the dir if doesn't exist.
+;;
+;; put the following in your emacs init file:
+;; (add-to-list 'load-path "~/.emacs.d/lisp/")
+;; (require 'xah-fly-keys)
+;; (xah-fly-keys-set-layout "qwerty") ; optional
+;; (xah-fly-keys 1)
+;;
+;; possible layout values:
+
+;; adnw (German)
+;; azerty
+;; azerty-be
+;; bepo (French)
+;; colemak
+;; colemak-dh
+;; dvorak
+;; engrammer
+;; halmak
+;; koy (German)
+;; minimak
+;; neo2 (German)
+;; norman
+;; programer-dvorak
+;; pt-nativo (Brazil)
+;; qfmlwy
+;; qgmlwb
+;; qwerty
+;; qwerty-abnt (Brazil)
+;; qwerty-no (Norwegian)
+;; qwerty-se (Swedish)
+;; qwertz
+;; qwpr
+;; russian
+;; workman
+
+;; supported layouts are stored in the variable xah-fly-layout-diagrams
+
+;; HHHH------------------------------
+;;; Code:
+
+(require 'dired)
+(require 'dired-x)
+(require 'seq)
+
+;; HHHH------------------------------
+
+(defgroup xah-fly-keys nil
+  "Ergonomic modal keybinding minor mode."
+  :group 'keyboard)
+
+(defvar xah-fly-command-mode-activate-hook nil "Hook for `xah-fly-command-mode-activate'")
+(defvar xah-fly-insert-mode-activate-hook nil "Hook for `xah-fly-insert-mode-activate'")
+
+(defvar xah-fly-command-mode-indicator "c"
+  "Character in mode line indicating command mode is active.")
+(defvar xah-fly-insert-mode-indicator "i"
+  "Character in mode line indicating insert mode is active.")
+
+(defcustom xah-fly-use-control-key nil
+  "If true, standard keys for open, close, copy, paste etc, are bound, and others.
+If nil, do not modify any default emacs control key keybinding."
+  :type 'boolean)
+
+(defcustom xah-fly-use-meta-key t
+  "If nil, do not bind any meta key."
+  :type 'boolean)
+
+(defcustom xah-fly-use-isearch-arrows t
+  "If nil, no change to any key in isearch (`isearch-forward'). Otherwise, arrow keys are for moving between occurrences, and C-v is paste."
+  :type 'boolean)
+
+(defun xah-fly-get-pos-block ()
+  "Return the begin end positions of current text block.
+Return value is a `vector'.
+Text block is group of lines separated by blank lines.
+
+URL `http://xahlee.info/emacs/emacs/elisp_get_text_block.html'
+Created: 2024-03-23
+Version: 2024-10-07"
+  (let (xbeg xend (xp (point)))
+    (save-excursion
+      (setq xbeg (if (re-search-backward "\n[ \t]*\n" nil 1) (match-end 0) (point)))
+      (goto-char xp)
+      (setq xend (if (re-search-forward "\n[ \t]*\n" nil 1) (match-beginning 0) (point))))
+    (vector xbeg xend)))
+
+(defun xah-fly-get-pos-block-or ()
+  "If region is active, return its [begin end] positions, else same as `xah-fly-get-pos-block'.
+Return value is a `vector'.
+Version: 2024-03-23"
+  (if (region-active-p)
+      (vector (region-beginning) (region-end))
+    (xah-fly-get-pos-block)))
+
+;; HHHH------------------------------
+;; cursor movement
+
+(defun xah-pop-local-mark-ring ()
+  "Move cursor to last mark position of current buffer.
+Repeat call cycles all positions in `mark-ring'.
+
+URL `http://xahlee.info/emacs/emacs/emacs_cycle_local_mark_ring.html'
+Created: 2016-04-04
+Version: 2023-09-03"
+  (interactive)
+  (set-mark-command t))
+
+(defun xah-beginning-of-line-or-block ()
+  "Move cursor to beginning of indent or line, end of previous block, in that order.
+
+If `visual-line-mode' is on, beginning of line means visual line.
+
+URL `http://xahlee.info/emacs/emacs/emacs_move_by_paragraph.html'
+Created: 2018-06-04
+Version: 2024-10-30"
+  (interactive)
+  (let ((xp (point)))
+    (if (or (eq (point) (line-beginning-position))
+            (eq last-command this-command))
+        (when (re-search-backward "\n[\t\n ]*\n+" nil :move)
+          (skip-chars-backward "\n\t ")
+          ;; (forward-char)
+          )
+      (if visual-line-mode
+          (beginning-of-visual-line)
+        (if (eq major-mode 'eshell-mode)
+            (progn
+              (declare-function eshell-bol "esh-mode.el" ())
+              (eshell-bol))
+          (back-to-indentation)
+          (when (eq xp (point))
+            (beginning-of-line)))))))
+
+(defun xah-end-of-line-or-block ()
+  "Move cursor to end of line or next block.
+
+• When called first time, move cursor to end of line.
+• When called again, move cursor forward by jumping over any sequence of whitespaces containing 2 blank lines.
+• if `visual-line-mode' is on, end of line means visual line.
+
+URL `http://xahlee.info/emacs/emacs/emacs_move_by_paragraph.html'
+Created: 2018-06-04
+Version: 2024-10-30"
+  (interactive)
+  (if (or (eq (point) (line-end-position))
+          (eq last-command this-command))
+      (re-search-forward "\n[\t\n ]*\n+" nil :move)
+    (if visual-line-mode
+        (end-of-visual-line)
+      (end-of-line))))
+
+(defun xah-page-up ()
+  "Call `scroll-down-command'. (page up key.)
+Created: 2024-10-09
+Version: 2024-10-09"
+  (interactive)
+  (progn
+    (scroll-down-command)
+    (set-transient-map
+     (let ((xkmap (make-sparse-keymap)))
+       (define-key xkmap (kbd "<up>") #'xah-page-up)
+       (define-key xkmap (kbd "<down>") #'xah-page-down)
+       xkmap))))
+
+(defun xah-page-down ()
+  "Call `scroll-up-command'. (page down key.)
+Created: 2024-10-09
+Version: 2024-10-09"
+  (interactive)
+  (progn
+    (scroll-up-command)
+    (set-transient-map
+     (let ((xkmap (make-sparse-keymap)))
+       (define-key xkmap (kbd "<up>") #'xah-page-up)
+       (define-key xkmap (kbd "<down>") #'xah-page-down)
+       xkmap))))
+
+(defvar xah-brackets '( "“”" "()" "[]" "{}" "<>" "＜＞" "（）" "［］" "｛｝" "⦅⦆" "〚〛" "⦃⦄" "‹›" "«»" "「」" "〈〉" "《》" "【】" "〔〕" "⦗⦘" "『』" "〖〗" "〘〙" "｢｣" "⟦⟧" "⟨⟩" "⟪⟫" "⟮⟯" "⟬⟭" "⌈⌉" "⌊⌋" "⦇⦈" "⦉⦊" "❛❜" "❝❞" "❨❩" "❪❫" "❴❵" "❬❭" "❮❯" "❰❱" "❲❳" "〈〉" "⦑⦒" "⧼⧽" "﹙﹚" "﹛﹜" "﹝﹞" "⁽⁾" "₍₎" "⦋⦌" "⦍⦎" "⦏⦐" "⁅⁆" "⸢⸣" "⸤⸥" "⟅⟆" "⦓⦔" "⦕⦖" "⸦⸧" "⸨⸩" "｟｠")
+ "A list of strings, each element is a string of 2 chars, the left bracket and a matching right bracket.
+Used by `xah-select-text-in-quote' and others.")
+
+(defconst xah-left-brackets
+  (mapcar (lambda (x) (substring x 0 1)) xah-brackets)
+  "List of left bracket chars. Each element is a string.")
+
+(defconst xah-right-brackets
+  (mapcar (lambda (x) (substring x 1 2)) xah-brackets)
+  "List of right bracket chars. Each element is a string.")
+
+(defun xah-backward-left-bracket ()
+  "Move cursor to the previous occurrence of left bracket.
+The list of brackets to jump to is defined by `xah-left-brackets'.
+
+URL `http://xahlee.info/emacs/emacs/emacs_navigating_keys_for_brackets.html'
+Version: 2015-10-01"
+  (interactive)
+  (re-search-backward (regexp-opt xah-left-brackets) nil t))
+
+(defun xah-forward-right-bracket ()
+  "Move cursor to the next occurrence of right bracket.
+The list of brackets to jump to is defined by `xah-right-brackets'.
+
+URL `http://xahlee.info/emacs/emacs/emacs_navigating_keys_for_brackets.html'
+Version: 2015-10-01"
+  (interactive)
+  (re-search-forward (regexp-opt xah-right-brackets) nil t))
+
+(defun xah-goto-matching-bracket ()
+  "Move cursor to the matching bracket.
+If cursor is not on a bracket, call `backward-up-list'.
+The list of brackets to jump to is defined by `xah-left-brackets' and `xah-right-brackets'.
+
+URL `http://xahlee.info/emacs/emacs/emacs_navigating_keys_for_brackets.html'
+Created: 2016-11-22
+Version: 2024-06-15"
+  (interactive)
+  (if (nth 3 (syntax-ppss))
+      (backward-up-list 1 'ESCAPE-STRINGS 'NO-SYNTAX-CROSSING)
+    (cond
+     ((eq (char-after) ?\") (forward-sexp))
+     ((eq (char-before) ?\") (backward-sexp))
+     ((looking-at (regexp-opt xah-left-brackets))
+      (forward-sexp))
+     ((if (eq (point-min) (point))
+          nil
+        (prog2
+            (backward-char)
+            (looking-at (regexp-opt xah-right-brackets))
+          (forward-char)))
+      (backward-sexp)
+      (while (looking-at "\\s'") (forward-char)))
+     (t (backward-up-list 1 'ESCAPE-STRINGS 'NO-SYNTAX-CROSSING)))))
+
+(defvar xah-punctuation-regex nil "A regex string for the purpose of moving cursor to a punctuation.")
+(setq xah-punctuation-regex "[\"]")
+
+(defun xah-forward-punct ()
+  "Move cursor to the next occurrence of punctuation.
+Punctuations is defined by `xah-punctuation-regex'
+
+URL `http://xahlee.info/emacs/emacs/emacs_jump_to_punctuations.html'
+Created: 2017-06-26
+Version: 2024-01-20"
+  (interactive)
+  (re-search-forward xah-punctuation-regex nil t))
+
+(defun xah-backward-punct ()
+  "Move cursor to the previous occurrence of punctuation.
+See `xah-forward-punct'
+
+URL `http://xahlee.info/emacs/emacs/emacs_jump_to_punctuations.html'
+Created: 2017-06-26
+Version: 2024-01-20"
+  (interactive)
+  (re-search-backward xah-punctuation-regex nil t))
+
+(defun xah-sort-lines ()
+  "Like `sort-lines' but if no region, do the current block.
+Created: 2022-01-22
+Version: 2024-03-19"
+  (interactive)
+  (let (xbeg xend)
+    (seq-setq (xbeg xend) (xah-fly-get-pos-block-or))
+    (sort-lines current-prefix-arg xbeg xend)))
+
+(defun xah-narrow-to-region ()
+  "Same as `narrow-to-region', but if no selection, narrow to the current block.
+Created: 2022-01-22
+Version: 2024-03-19"
+  (interactive)
+  (let (xbeg xend)
+    (seq-setq (xbeg xend) (xah-fly-get-pos-block-or))
+    (narrow-to-region xbeg xend)))
+
+;; HHHH------------------------------
+;; editing commands
+
+(defun xah-copy-line-or-region ()
+  "Copy current line or selection.
+
+Copy current line. When called repeatedly, append copy subsequent lines.
+Except:
+
+If `universal-argument' is called first, copy whole buffer (respects `narrow-to-region').
+If `rectangle-mark-mode' is on, copy the rectangle.
+If `region-active-p', copy the region.
+
+URL `http://xahlee.info/emacs/emacs/emacs_copy_cut_current_line.html'
+Created: 2010-05-21
+Version: 2024-06-19"
+  (interactive)
+  (cond
+   (current-prefix-arg (copy-region-as-kill (point-min) (point-max)))
+   ((and (boundp 'rectangle-mark-mode) rectangle-mark-mode)
+    (copy-region-as-kill (region-beginning) (region-end) t))
+   ((region-active-p) (copy-region-as-kill (region-beginning) (region-end)))
+   ((eq last-command this-command)
+    (if (eobp)
+        nil
+      (progn
+        (kill-append "\n" nil)
+        (kill-append (buffer-substring (line-beginning-position) (line-end-position)) nil)
+        (end-of-line)
+        (forward-char))))
+   ((eobp)
+    (if (eq (char-before) 10)
+        (progn)
+      (progn
+        (copy-region-as-kill (line-beginning-position) (line-end-position))
+        (end-of-line))))
+   (t
+    (copy-region-as-kill (line-beginning-position) (line-end-position))
+    (end-of-line)
+    (forward-char))))
+
+(defun xah-cut-line-or-region ()
+  "Cut current line or selection.
+If `universal-argument' is called first, cut whole buffer (respects `narrow-to-region').
+
+URL `http://xahlee.info/emacs/emacs/emacs_copy_cut_current_line.html'
+Created: 2010-05-21
+Version: 2015-06-10"
+  (interactive)
+  (if current-prefix-arg
+      (progn ; not using kill-region because we don't want to include previous kill
+        (kill-new (buffer-string))
+        (delete-region (point-min) (point-max)))
+    (progn (if (region-active-p)
+               (kill-region (region-beginning) (region-end) t)
+             (kill-region (line-beginning-position) (line-beginning-position 2))))))
+
+(defun xah-copy-all-or-region ()
+  "Copy buffer or selection content to `kill-ring'.
+Respects `narrow-to-region'.
+
+URL `http://xahlee.info/emacs/emacs/emacs_copy_cut_all_or_region.html'
+Version: 2015-08-22"
+  (interactive)
+  (if (region-active-p)
+      (progn
+        (kill-new (buffer-substring (region-beginning) (region-end)))
+        (message "Text selection copied."))
+    (progn
+      (kill-new (buffer-string))
+      (message "Buffer content copied."))))
+
+(defun xah-cut-all-or-region ()
+  "Cut buffer or selection content to `kill-ring'.
+Respects `narrow-to-region'.
+
+URL `http://xahlee.info/emacs/emacs/emacs_copy_cut_all_or_region.html'
+Version: 2015-08-22"
+  (interactive)
+  (if (region-active-p)
+      (progn
+        (kill-new (buffer-substring (region-beginning) (region-end)))
+        (delete-region (region-beginning) (region-end)))
+    (progn
+      (kill-new (buffer-string))
+      (delete-region (point-min) (point-max)))))
+
+(defun xah-copy-all ()
+  "Put the whole buffer content into the `kill-ring'.
+(respects `narrow-to-region')
+Version: 2016-10-06"
+  (interactive)
+  (kill-new (buffer-string))
+  (message "Buffer content copied."))
+
+(defun xah-cut-all ()
+  "Cut the whole buffer content into the `kill-ring'.
+Respects `narrow-to-region'.
+Version: 2017-01-03"
+  (interactive)
+  (kill-new (buffer-string))
+  (delete-region (point-min) (point-max)))
+
+(defun xah-paste-or-paste-previous ()
+  "Paste. When called repeatedly, paste previous.
+This command calls `yank', and if repeated, call `yank-pop'.
+
+If `universal-argument' is called first with a number arg, paste that many times.
+
+URL `http://xahlee.info/emacs/emacs/emacs_paste_or_paste_previous.html'
+Created: 2017-07-25
+Version: 2020-09-08"
+  (interactive)
+  (progn
+    (when (and delete-selection-mode (region-active-p))
+      (delete-region (region-beginning) (region-end)))
+    (if current-prefix-arg
+        (progn
+          (dotimes (_ (prefix-numeric-value current-prefix-arg))
+            (yank)))
+      (if (eq real-last-command this-command)
+          (yank-pop 1)
+        (yank)))))
+
+(defun xah-show-kill-ring ()
+  "Insert all `kill-ring' content in a new buffer named *copy history*.
+
+URL `http://xahlee.info/emacs/emacs/emacs_show_kill_ring.html'
+Created: 2019-12-02
+Version: 2024-05-07"
+  (interactive)
+  (let ((xbuf (generate-new-buffer "*copy history*"))
+        (inhibit-read-only t))
+    (progn
+      (switch-to-buffer xbuf)
+      (funcall 'fundamental-mode)
+      (mapc
+       (lambda (x)
+         (insert x "\n\nsss97707------------------------------------------------\n\n" ))
+       kill-ring))
+    (goto-char (point-min))))
+
+(defun xah-move-block-up ()
+  "Swap the current text block with the previous.
+After this command is called, press <up> or <down> to move. Any other key to exit.
+Version: 2022-03-04"
+  (interactive)
+  (let ((xp0 (point))
+        xc1 ; current block begin
+        xc2 ; current Block End
+        xbeg ; prev Block Begin
+        xend ; prev Block end
+        )
+    (if (re-search-forward "\n[ \t]*\n+" nil "move")
+        (setq xc2 (match-beginning 0))
+      (setq xc2 (point)))
+    (goto-char xp0)
+    (if (re-search-backward "\n[ \t]*\n+" nil "move")
+        (progn
+          (skip-chars-backward "\n \t")
+          (setq xend (point))
+          (skip-chars-forward "\n \t")
+          (setq xc1 (point)))
+      (error "No previous block."))
+    (goto-char xend)
+    (if (re-search-backward "\n[ \t]*\n+" nil "move")
+        (progn
+          (setq xbeg (match-end 0)))
+      (setq xbeg (point)))
+    (transpose-regions xbeg xend xc1 xc2)
+    (goto-char xbeg)
+    (set-transient-map
+     (let ((xkmap (make-sparse-keymap)))
+       (define-key xkmap (kbd "<up>") #'xah-move-block-up)
+       (define-key xkmap (kbd "<down>") #'xah-move-block-down)
+       xkmap))))
+
+(defun xah-move-block-down ()
+  "Swap the current text block with the next.
+After this command is called, press <up> or <down> to move. Any other key to exit.
+Version: 2022-03-04"
+  (interactive)
+  (let ((xp0 (point))
+        xc1 ; current block begin
+        xc2 ; current Block End
+        xn1 ; next Block Begin
+        xn2 ; next Block end
+        )
+    (if (eq (point-min) (point))
+        (setq xc1 (point))
+      (if (re-search-backward "\n\n+" nil "move")
+          (progn
+            (setq xc1 (match-end 0)))
+        (setq xc1 (point))))
+    (goto-char xp0)
+    (if (re-search-forward "\n[ \t]*\n+" nil "move")
+        (progn
+          (setq xc2 (match-beginning 0))
+          (setq xn1 (match-end 0)))
+      (error "No next block."))
+    (if (re-search-forward "\n[ \t]*\n+" nil "move")
+        (progn
+          (setq xn2 (match-beginning 0)))
+      (setq xn2 (point)))
+    (transpose-regions xc1 xc2 xn1 xn2)
+    (goto-char xn2))
+  (set-transient-map
+   (let ((xkmap (make-sparse-keymap)))
+     (define-key xkmap (kbd "<up>") #'xah-move-block-up)
+     (define-key xkmap (kbd "<down>") #'xah-move-block-down)
+     xkmap)))
+
+(defun xah-shrink-whitespaces ()
+  "Remove whitespaces around cursor .
+
+Shrink neighboring spaces, then newlines, then spaces again, leaving one space or newline at each step, till no more white space.
+
+URL `http://xahlee.info/emacs/emacs/emacs_shrink_whitespace.html'
+Created: 2014-10-21
+Version: 2023-07-12"
+  (interactive)
+  (let ((xeol-count 0)
+        (xp0 (point))
+        xbeg  ; whitespace begin
+        xend  ; whitespace end
+        (xcharBefore (char-before))
+        (xcharAfter (char-after))
+        xspace-neighbor-p)
+    (setq xspace-neighbor-p (or (eq xcharBefore 32) (eq xcharBefore 9) (eq xcharAfter 32) (eq xcharAfter 9)))
+    (skip-chars-backward " \n\t　")
+    (setq xbeg (point))
+    (goto-char xp0)
+    (skip-chars-forward " \n\t　")
+    (setq xend (point))
+    (goto-char xbeg)
+    (while (search-forward "\n" xend t)
+      (setq xeol-count (1+ xeol-count)))
+    (goto-char xp0)
+    (cond
+     ((eq xeol-count 0)
+      (if (> (- xend xbeg) 1)
+          (progn
+            (delete-horizontal-space) (insert " "))
+        (progn (delete-horizontal-space))))
+     ((eq xeol-count 1)
+      (if xspace-neighbor-p
+          (delete-horizontal-space)
+        (progn (delete-space--internal "\n" nil) (insert " "))))
+     ((eq xeol-count 2)
+      (if xspace-neighbor-p
+          (delete-horizontal-space)
+        (progn
+          (delete-space--internal "\n" nil)
+          (insert "\n"))))
+     ((> xeol-count 2)
+      (if xspace-neighbor-p
+          (delete-horizontal-space)
+        (progn
+          (goto-char xend)
+          (search-backward "\n")
+          (delete-region xbeg (point))
+          (insert "\n"))))
+     (t (progn
+          (message "nothing done. logic error 40873. shouldn't reach here"))))))
+
+(defun xah-delete-string-backward (&optional DeleteJustQuote)
+  "Delete string to the left of cursor.
+
+Cursor must be on the right of a string delimiter.
+e.g. \"▮some\" or \"some\"▮
+Else, do nothing.
+
+String delimiter is determined by current syntax table. (see `describe-syntax')
+
+If DeleteJustQuote is true, delete only the quotation marks.
+
+Created: 2023-11-12
+Version: 2024-06-06"
+  (when (prog2 (backward-char) (looking-at "\\s\"") (forward-char))
+    (let ((xp0 (point)) xbeg xend)
+      ;; xbeg xend are the begin and end pos of the string
+      (if (nth 3 (syntax-ppss))
+          (setq xbeg (1- xp0)
+                xend
+                (progn
+                  (backward-char)
+                  (forward-sexp)
+                  (point)))
+        (setq xend (point)
+              xbeg
+              (progn (forward-sexp -1) (point))))
+      (if DeleteJustQuote
+          (progn (goto-char xend)
+                 (delete-char -1)
+                 (goto-char xbeg)
+                 (delete-char 1))
+        (if (eq real-this-command real-last-command)
+            (kill-append (delete-and-extract-region xbeg xend) t)
+          (kill-region xbeg xend))))))
+
+(defvar xah-smart-delete-dispatch
+  nil
+  "Used by `xah-smart-delete'.
+This makes that function behavior dependent on current major-mode.
+Value is Alist of pairs, each is of the form
+(‹major-mode-name› . ‹function-name›)
+If ‹major-mode-name› match current var `major-mode', the paired function is called.
+If no major mode matches, `xah-smart-delete' default behavior is used.
+
+Version: 2024-06-05")
+
+(setq xah-smart-delete-dispatch
+      '((xah-wolfram-mode . xah-wolfram-smart-delete-backward)
+        (xah-html-mode . xah-html-smart-delete-backward)))
+
+(defun xah-smart-delete (&optional BracketOnly SkipDispatch)
+  "Smart backward delete.
+Typically, delete to the left 1 char or entire bracketed text.
+Behavior depends on what's left char, and current `major-mode'.
+
+If `xah-smart-delete-dispatch' match, call the matched function instead.
+If region active, delete region.
+If cursor left is space tab newline, delete them.
+If cursor left is bracket, delete the whole bracket block.
+If cursor left is string quote, delete the string.
+Else just delete one char to the left.
+
+If `universal-argument' is called first, do not delete bracket's innertext.
+
+In elisp code, arg BracketOnly if true, do not delete innertext. SkipDispatch if true, skip checking `xah-smart-delete-dispatch'.
+
+Created: 2023-07-22
+Version: 2025-02-05"
+  (interactive (list current-prefix-arg nil))
+  (let (xfun)
+    (cond
+     ((and (not SkipDispatch) (setq xfun (assq major-mode xah-smart-delete-dispatch)))
+      (message "calling cdr of %s" xfun)
+      (funcall (cdr xfun)))
+     ((region-active-p) (delete-region (region-beginning) (region-end)))
+     ((or
+       ;; 32 is space, 9 is tab, 10 is newline
+       (eq (char-before) 32)
+       (eq (char-before) 10)
+       (eq (char-before) 9))
+      (if (minibufferp (current-buffer))
+          (while (or (eq (char-before) 32) (eq (char-before) 10) (eq (char-before) 9))
+            (delete-char -1))
+        (let ((xp0 (point)) xbeg xend)
+          (skip-chars-backward " \t\n")
+          (setq xbeg (point) xend xp0)
+          (if (eq real-this-command real-last-command)
+              (kill-append (delete-and-extract-region xbeg xend) t)
+            (kill-region xbeg xend)))))
+     ((prog2 (backward-char) (looking-at "\\s)") (forward-char))
+      ;; (message "cursor left is closing bracket")
+      (cond
+       ;; unmatched bracket, just delete it
+       ((not (condition-case nil (scan-sexps (point) -1) (scan-error nil)))
+        (warn "There was unmatched bracket: no paired opening bracket on left of cursor")
+        (delete-char -1))
+       ;; delete just the brackets
+       (BracketOnly
+        (let ((xp0 (point)) xbeg)
+          (forward-sexp -1)
+          (while (looking-at "\\s'") (forward-char))
+          (setq xbeg (point))
+          (goto-char xp0)
+          (delete-char -1)
+          (goto-char xbeg)
+          (delete-char 1)
+          (goto-char (- xp0 2))))
+       ;; delete the bracket block
+       (t
+        (let ((xp0 (point)) xbeg xend)
+          (forward-sexp -1)
+          (while (looking-at "\\s'") (forward-char))
+          (setq xbeg (point) xend xp0)
+          (if (eq real-this-command real-last-command)
+              (kill-append (delete-and-extract-region xbeg xend) t)
+            (kill-region xbeg xend))))))
+     ((prog2 (backward-char) (looking-at "\\s(") (forward-char))
+      ;; (message "cursor left is opening bracket")
+      (cond
+       ;; unmatched bracket, just delete it
+       ((save-excursion
+          (backward-char)
+          (not (condition-case nil (scan-sexps (point) 1) (scan-error nil))))
+        (warn "There was unmatched bracket: no paired closing bracket on right of cursor")
+        (delete-char -1))
+       ;; delete just the brackets
+       (BracketOnly
+        (let (xbeg)
+          (backward-char)
+          (setq xbeg (point))
+          (forward-sexp 1)
+          (delete-char -1)
+          (goto-char xbeg)
+          (delete-char 1)))
+       ;; delete the bracket block
+       (t
+        (let (xbeg xend)
+          (backward-char)
+          (setq xbeg (point))
+          (forward-sexp 1)
+          (setq xend (point))
+          (if (eq real-this-command real-last-command)
+              (kill-append (delete-and-extract-region xbeg xend) t)
+            (kill-region xbeg xend))))))
+     ((prog2 (backward-char) (looking-at "\\s\"") (forward-char))
+      (message "calling xah-delete-string-backward")
+      (xah-delete-string-backward BracketOnly))
+     (t (delete-char -1)))))
+
+(defun xah-change-bracket-pairs (FromChars ToChars)
+  "Change bracket pairs to another type or none.
+For example, change all parenthesis () to square brackets [].
+Works on current block or selection.
+
+In lisp code, FromChars is a string with at least 2 spaces.
+e.g.
+paren ( )
+french angle ‹ ›
+double bracket [[ ]]
+etc.
+It is split by space, and last 2 items are taken as left and right brackets.
+
+ToChars is similar, with a special value of
+none
+followed by 2 spaces.
+,it means replace by empty string.
+
+URL `http://xahlee.info/emacs/emacs/elisp_change_brackets.html'
+Created: 2020-11-01
+Version: 2024-08-07"
+  (interactive
+   (let ((xbrackets
+          '(
+            "square [ ]"
+            "brace { }"
+            "paren ( )"
+            "greater < >"
+            "double quote \" \""
+            "single quote ' '"
+            "emacs ` '"
+            "markdown grave accent ` `"
+            "double square [[ ]]"
+            "tilde ~ ~"
+            "equal = ="
+            "double curly quote “ ”"
+            "single curly quote ‘ ’"
+            "french angle ‹ ›"
+            "french double angle « »"
+            "corner 「 」"
+            "white corner 『 』"
+            "lenticular 【 】"
+            "white lenticular 〖 〗"
+            "title angle 〈 〉"
+            "double angle 《 》"
+            "tortoise 〔 〕"
+            "white tortoise 〘 〙"
+            "white square 〚 〛"
+            "white paren ⦅ ⦆"
+            "white curly bracket ⦃ ⦄"
+            "pointing angle 〈 〉"
+            "angle with dot ⦑ ⦒"
+            "curved angle ⧼ ⧽"
+            "math square ⟦ ⟧"
+            "math angle ⟨ ⟩"
+            "math double angle ⟪ ⟫"
+            "math flattened parenthesis ⟮ ⟯"
+            "math white tortoise shell ⟬ ⟭"
+            "heavy single quotation mark ornament ❛ ❜"
+            "heavy double turned comma quotation mark ornament ❝ ❞"
+            "medium parenthesis ornament ❨ ❩"
+            "medium flattened parenthesis ornament ❪ ❫"
+            "medium curly ornament ❴ ❵"
+            "medium pointing angle ornament ❬ ❭"
+            "heavy pointing angle quotation mark ornament ❮ ❯"
+            "heavy pointing angle ornament ❰ ❱"
+            "none  "
+            )))
+     (let ((completion-ignore-case t))
+       (list
+        (completing-read "Replace this:" xbrackets nil t nil nil (car xbrackets))
+        (completing-read "To:" xbrackets nil t nil nil (car (last xbrackets)))))))
+  (let (xbeg xend xleft xright xtoL xtoR)
+    (seq-setq (xbeg xend) (xah-fly-get-pos-block-or))
+    (let ((xsFrom (last (split-string FromChars " ") 2))
+          (xsTo (last (split-string ToChars " ") 2)))
+
+      ;; (when (< (length xsFrom) 3)
+      ;; (error "cannot find input brackets %s" xsFrom))
+
+      ;; (when (< (length xsTo) 3)
+      ;;   (message "replace blacket is empty string")
+      ;;   (setq xsTo (list "" "" "")))
+
+      (setq xleft (car xsFrom)  xright (car (cdr xsFrom))
+            xtoL (car xsTo) xtoR (car (cdr xsTo)))
+
+      (save-excursion
+        (save-restriction
+          (narrow-to-region xbeg xend)
+          (let ((case-fold-search nil))
+            (if (string-equal xleft xright)
+                (let ((xx (regexp-quote xleft)))
+                  (goto-char (point-min))
+                  (while
+                      (re-search-forward
+                       (format "%s\\([^%s]+?\\)%s" xx xx xx)
+                       nil t)
+                    (overlay-put (make-overlay (match-beginning 0) (match-end 0)) 'face 'highlight)
+                    (replace-match (concat xtoL "\\1" xtoR) t)))
+              (progn
+                (progn
+                  (goto-char (point-min))
+                  (while (search-forward xleft nil t)
+                    (overlay-put (make-overlay (match-beginning 0) (match-end 0)) 'face 'highlight)
+                    (replace-match xtoL t t)))
+                (progn
+                  (goto-char (point-min))
+                  (while (search-forward xright nil t)
+                    (overlay-put (make-overlay (match-beginning 0) (match-end 0)) 'face 'highlight)
+                    (replace-match xtoR t t)))))))))))
+
+(defun xah-toggle-letter-case ()
+  "Toggle the letter case of current word or selection.
+Always cycle in this order: Init Caps, ALL CAPS, all lower.
+
+URL `http://xahlee.info/emacs/emacs/emacs_toggle_letter_case.html'
+Created: 2020-06-26
+Version: 2024-06-17"
+  (interactive)
+  (let ((deactivate-mark nil) xbeg xend)
+    (if (region-active-p)
+        (setq xbeg (region-beginning) xend (region-end))
+      (save-excursion
+        (skip-chars-backward "[:alnum:]")
+        (setq xbeg (point))
+        (skip-chars-forward "[:alnum:]")
+        (setq xend (point))))
+    (when (not (eq last-command this-command))
+      (put this-command 'state 0))
+    (cond
+     ((equal 0 (get this-command 'state))
+      (upcase-initials-region xbeg xend)
+      (put this-command 'state 1))
+     ((equal 1 (get this-command 'state))
+      (upcase-region xbeg xend)
+      (put this-command 'state 2))
+     ((equal 2 (get this-command 'state))
+      (downcase-region xbeg xend)
+      (put this-command 'state 0)))))
+
+;; test case
+;; test_case some
+;; test-case
+;; tes▮t-case
+
+(defun xah-toggle-previous-letter-case ()
+  "Toggle the letter case of the letter to the left of cursor.
+
+URL `http://xahlee.info/emacs/emacs/emacs_toggle_letter_case.html'
+Created: 2015-12-22
+Version: 2023-11-14"
+  (interactive)
+  (let ((case-fold-search nil))
+    (left-char 1)
+    (cond
+     ((looking-at "[[:lower:]]") (upcase-region (point) (1+ (point))))
+     ((looking-at "[[:upper:]]") (downcase-region (point) (1+ (point)))))
+    (right-char)))
+
+(defun xah-upcase-sentence ()
+  "Upcase first letters of sentences of current block or selection.
+
+URL `http://xahlee.info/emacs/emacs/emacs_upcase_sentence.html'
+Created: 2020-12-08
+Version: 2024-03-19"
+  (interactive)
+  (let (xbeg xend)
+    (seq-setq (xbeg xend) (xah-fly-get-pos-block-or))
+    (save-restriction
+      (narrow-to-region xbeg xend)
+      (let ((case-fold-search nil))
+        ;; after period or question mark or exclamation
+        (goto-char (point-min))
+        (while (re-search-forward "\\(\\.\\|\\?\\|!\\)[ \n]+ *\\([a-z]\\)" nil :move)
+          (upcase-region (match-beginning 2) (match-end 2))
+          (overlay-put (make-overlay (match-beginning 2) (match-end 2)) 'face 'highlight))
+        ;; after a blank line, after a bullet, or beginning of buffer
+        (goto-char (point-min))
+        (while (re-search-forward "\\(\\`\\|• \\|\n\n\\)\\([a-z]\\)" nil :move)
+          (upcase-region (match-beginning 2) (match-end 2))
+          (overlay-put (make-overlay (match-beginning 2) (match-end 2)) 'face 'highlight))
+        ;; for HTML. first letter after tag
+        (when
+            (or
+             (eq major-mode 'xah-html-mode)
+             (eq major-mode 'html-mode)
+             (eq major-mode 'sgml-mode)
+             (eq major-mode 'nxml-mode)
+             (eq major-mode 'xml-mode)
+             (eq major-mode 'mhtml-mode))
+          (goto-char (point-min))
+          (while
+              (re-search-forward "\\(<title>[ \n]?\\|<h[1-6]>[ \n]?\\|<p>[ \n]?\\|<li>[ \n]?\\|<dd>[ \n]?\\|<td>[ \n]?\\|<br ?/?>[ \n]?\\|<figcaption>[ \n]?\\)\\([a-z]\\)" nil :move)
+            (upcase-region (match-beginning 2) (match-end 2))
+            (overlay-put (make-overlay (match-beginning 2) (match-end 2)) 'face 'highlight))))
+      (goto-char (point-max)))
+    (skip-chars-forward " \n\t")))
+
+(defun xah-title-case-region-or-line (&optional Begin End)
+  "Title case text between nearest brackets, or current line or selection.
+Capitalize first letter of each word, except words like {to, of, the, a, in, or, and}. If a word already contains cap letters such as HTTP, URL, they are left as is.
+
+When called in a elisp program, Begin End are region boundaries.
+
+URL `http://xahlee.info/emacs/emacs/elisp_title_case_text.html'
+Created: 2017-01-11
+Version: 2021-09-19"
+  (interactive)
+  (let* ((xskipChars "^\"<>(){}[]“”‘’‹›«»「」『』【】〖〗《》〈〉〔〕")
+         (xp0 (point))
+         (xbeg (if Begin
+                  Begin
+                (if (region-active-p)
+                    (region-beginning)
+                  (progn
+                    (skip-chars-backward xskipChars (line-beginning-position)) (point)))))
+         (xend (if End
+                  End
+                (if (region-active-p)
+                    (region-end)
+                  (progn (goto-char xp0)
+                         (skip-chars-forward xskipChars (line-end-position)) (point)))))
+         (xstrPairs [
+                     [" A " " a "]
+                     [" An " " an "]
+                     [" And " " and "]
+                     [" At " " at "]
+                     [" As " " as "]
+                     [" By " " by "]
+                     [" Be " " be "]
+                     [" Into " " into "]
+                     [" In " " in "]
+                     [" Is " " is "]
+                     [" It " " it "]
+                     [" For " " for "]
+                     [" Of " " of "]
+                     [" Or " " or "]
+                     [" On " " on "]
+                     [" Via " " via "]
+                     [" The " " the "]
+                     [" That " " that "]
+                     [" To " " to "]
+                     [" Vs " " vs "]
+                     [" With " " with "]
+                     [" From " " from "]
+                     ["'S " "'s "]
+                     ["'T " "'t "]
+                     ]))
+    (save-excursion
+      (save-restriction
+        (narrow-to-region xbeg xend)
+        (upcase-initials-region (point-min) (point-max))
+        (let ((case-fold-search nil))
+          (mapc
+           (lambda (xx)
+             (goto-char (point-min))
+             (while
+                 (search-forward (aref xx 0) nil t)
+               (replace-match (aref xx 1) t t)))
+           xstrPairs))))))
+
+(defun xah-add-space-after-comma ()
+  "Add a space after comma of current block or selection.
+and highlight changes made.
+Created: 2022-01-20
+Version: 2024-03-19"
+  (interactive)
+  (let (xbeg xend)
+    (seq-setq (xbeg xend) (xah-fly-get-pos-block-or))
+    (save-restriction
+      (narrow-to-region xbeg xend)
+      (goto-char (point-min))
+      (while
+          (re-search-forward ",\\b" nil t)
+        (replace-match ", ")
+        (overlay-put
+         (make-overlay
+          (match-beginning 0)
+          (match-end 0)) 'face 'highlight)))))
+
+(defun xah-toggle-read-novel-mode ()
+  "Setup current frame to be suitable for reading long novel/article text.
+• Set frame width to 70
+• Line wrap at word boundaries.
+• Line spacing is increased.
+• Proportional width font is used.
+Call again to toggle back.
+
+URL `http://xahlee.info/emacs/emacs/emacs_novel_reading_mode.html'
+Created: 2019-01-30
+Version: 2021-01-16"
+  (interactive)
+  (if (eq (frame-parameter (selected-frame) 'width) 70)
+      (progn
+        (set-frame-parameter (selected-frame) 'width 106)
+        (variable-pitch-mode 0)
+        (setq line-spacing nil)
+        (setq word-wrap nil))
+    (progn
+      (set-frame-parameter (selected-frame) 'width 70)
+      (variable-pitch-mode 1)
+      (setq line-spacing 0.5)
+      (setq word-wrap t)))
+  (redraw-frame (selected-frame)))
+
+(defun xah-fill-or-unfill ()
+  "Reformat current block or selection to short/long line.
+First call will break into multiple short lines. Repeated call toggles between short and long lines.
+This commands calls `fill-region' to do its work. Set `fill-column' for short line length.
+
+URL `http://xahlee.info/emacs/emacs/modernization_fill-paragraph.html'
+Created: 2020-11-22
+Version: 2024-03-19"
+  (interactive)
+  ;; This command symbol has a property “'longline-p”, the possible values are t and nil. This property is used to easily determine whether to compact or uncompact, when this command is called again
+  (let ( (xisLongline (if (eq last-command this-command) (get this-command 'longline-p) t))
+         (deactivate-mark nil)
+         xbeg xend )
+    (seq-setq (xbeg xend) (xah-fly-get-pos-block-or))
+    (if xisLongline
+        (fill-region xbeg xend)
+      (let ((fill-column 99999 ))
+        (fill-region xbeg xend)))
+    (put this-command 'longline-p (not xisLongline))))
+
+(defun xah-unfill-paragraph ()
+  "Replace newline chars in current paragraph by single spaces.
+This command does the inverse of `fill-paragraph'.
+
+URL `http://xahlee.info/emacs/emacs/emacs_unfill-paragraph.html'
+Created: 2010-05-12
+Version: 2022-05-20"
+  (interactive)
+  (let ((fill-column 90002000))
+    (fill-paragraph)))
+
+(defun xah-unfill-region (Begin End)
+  "Replace newline chars in region by single spaces.
+This command does the inverse of `fill-region'.
+
+URL `http://xahlee.info/emacs/emacs/emacs_unfill-paragraph.html'
+Created: 2010-05-12
+Version: 2022-05-20"
+  (interactive "r")
+  (let ((fill-column 90002000))
+    (fill-region Begin End)))
+
+(defun xah-change-newline-chars-to-one (Begin End)
+  "Replace newline char sequence by just one.
+
+URL `http://xahlee.info/emacs/emacs/emacs_reformat_lines.html'
+Version: 2021-07-06"
+  (interactive "r")
+  (save-excursion
+    (save-restriction
+      (narrow-to-region Begin End)
+      (goto-char (point-min))
+      (while (re-search-forward "\n\n+" nil :move) (replace-match "\n")))))
+
+(defun xah-reformat-whitespaces-to-one-space (Begin End)
+  "Replace whitespaces by one space.
+
+URL `http://xahlee.info/emacs/emacs/emacs_reformat_lines.html'
+Created: 2017-01-11
+Version: 2022-01-08"
+  (interactive "r")
+  (save-restriction
+      (narrow-to-region Begin End)
+      (goto-char (point-min))
+      (while (search-forward "\n" nil :move) (replace-match " "))
+      (goto-char (point-min))
+      (while (search-forward "\t" nil :move) (replace-match " "))
+      (goto-char (point-min))
+      (while (re-search-forward " +" nil :move) (replace-match " "))
+      (goto-char (point-max))))
+
+(defun xah-reformat-to-multi-lines ( &optional Begin End MinLength)
+  "Replace spaces by a newline at ~70 chars, on current block or selection.
+If `universal-argument' is called first, ask user for max width.
+
+URL `http://xahlee.info/emacs/emacs/emacs_reformat_lines.html'
+Created: 2018-12-16
+Version: 2024-03-19"
+  (interactive)
+  (let ( xbeg xend xminlen )
+    (setq xminlen (if MinLength MinLength (if current-prefix-arg (prefix-numeric-value current-prefix-arg) fill-column)))
+    (if (and Begin End)
+        (setq xbeg Begin xend End)
+      (seq-setq (xbeg xend) (xah-fly-get-pos-block-or)))
+    (save-excursion
+      (save-restriction
+        (narrow-to-region xbeg xend)
+        (goto-char (point-min))
+        (while (re-search-forward " +" nil :move)
+          (when (> (- (point) (line-beginning-position)) xminlen)
+            (replace-match "\n" )))))))
+
+(defun xah-reformat-lines (&optional Width)
+  "Reformat current block or selection into short lines or 1 long line.
+When called for the first time, change to one line. Second call change it to multi-lines. Repeated call toggles.
+If `universal-argument' is called first, ask user to type max length of line. By default, it is 66.
+
+Note: this command is different from emacs `fill-region' or `fill-paragraph'.
+This command never adds or delete non-whitespace chars. It only exchange whitespace sequence.
+
+URL `http://xahlee.info/emacs/emacs/emacs_reformat_lines.html'
+Created 2016 or before.
+Created: 2021-07-05
+Version: 2024-03-19"
+  (interactive)
+  ;; This symbol has a property 'is-long-p, the possible values are t and nil. This property is used to easily determine whether to compact or uncompact, when this command is called again
+  (let (xisLong xwidth xbeg xend)
+    (setq xwidth (if Width Width (if current-prefix-arg (prefix-numeric-value current-prefix-arg) 66)))
+    (setq xisLong (if (eq last-command this-command) (get this-command 'is-long-p) nil))
+    (seq-setq (xbeg xend) (xah-fly-get-pos-block-or))
+    (if current-prefix-arg
+        (xah-reformat-to-multi-lines xbeg xend xwidth)
+      (if xisLong
+          (xah-reformat-to-multi-lines xbeg xend xwidth)
+        (progn
+          (xah-reformat-whitespaces-to-one-space xbeg xend))))
+    (put this-command 'is-long-p (not xisLong))))
+
+(defun xah-reformat-to-sentence-lines ()
+  "Reformat current block or selection into multiple lines by ending period.
+Move cursor to the beginning of next text block.
+After this command is called, press `xah-repeat-key' to repeat it.
+
+URL `http://xahlee.info/emacs/emacs/elisp_reformat_to_sentence_lines.html'
+Created: 2020-12-02
+Version: 2025-01-24"
+  (interactive)
+  (let (xbeg xend)
+    (seq-setq (xbeg xend) (xah-fly-get-pos-block-or))
+    (save-restriction
+      (narrow-to-region xbeg xend)
+      (goto-char (point-min)) (while (search-forward "。" nil t) (replace-match "。\n"))
+      ;; (goto-char (point-min)) (while (search-forward " <a " nil t) (replace-match "\n<a "))
+      ;; (goto-char (point-min)) (while (search-forward "</a> " nil t) (replace-match "</a>\n"))
+      (goto-char (point-min))
+      (while (re-search-forward "\\([A-Za-z0-9]+\\)[ \t]*\n[ \t]*\\([A-Za-z0-9]+\\)" nil t)
+        (replace-match "\\1 \\2"))
+      (goto-char (point-min))
+      (while (re-search-forward "\\([,]\\)[ \t]*\n[ \t]*\\([A-Za-z0-9]+\\)" nil t)
+        (replace-match "\\1 \\2"))
+      (goto-char (point-min))
+      (while (re-search-forward "  +" nil t) (replace-match " "))
+      (goto-char (point-min))
+      (while (re-search-forward "\\([.?!]\\) +\\([(0-9A-Za-z]+\\)" nil t) (replace-match "\\1\n\\2"))
+      (goto-char (point-max))
+      (while (eq (char-before) 32) (delete-char -1))))
+  (re-search-forward "\n+" nil :move)
+  (set-transient-map (let ((xkmap (make-sparse-keymap))) (define-key xkmap (kbd (if (boundp 'xah-repeat-key) xah-repeat-key "m")) this-command) xkmap))
+  (set-transient-map (let ((xkmap (make-sparse-keymap))) (define-key xkmap (kbd "DEL") this-command) xkmap)))
+
+(defun xah-space-to-newline ()
+  "Replace space sequence to a newline char in current block or selection.
+
+URL `http://xahlee.info/emacs/emacs/emacs_space_to_newline.html'
+Created: 2017-08-19
+Version: 2024-03-19"
+  (interactive)
+  (let (xbeg xend)
+    (seq-setq (xbeg xend) (xah-fly-get-pos-block-or))
+    (save-restriction
+      (narrow-to-region xbeg xend)
+      (goto-char (point-min))
+      (while (re-search-forward " +" nil t)
+        (replace-match "\n")))))
+
+(defun xah-slash-to-backslash (&optional Begin End)
+  "Replace slash by backslash on current line or region.
+Created: 2021-07-14
+Version: 2021-09-12"
+  (interactive)
+  (let (xbeg xend)
+    (if (and Begin End)
+        (setq xbeg Begin xend End)
+      (if (region-active-p)
+          (setq xbeg (region-beginning) xend (region-end))
+        (setq xbeg (line-beginning-position) xend (line-end-position))))
+    (save-restriction
+      (narrow-to-region xbeg xend)
+      (let ((case-fold-search nil))
+        (goto-char (point-min))
+        (while (search-forward "/" nil t)
+          (replace-match "\\\\"))))))
+
+(defun xah-backslash-to-slash (&optional Begin End)
+  "Replace backslash by slash on current line or region.
+Version: 2021-09-11"
+  (interactive)
+  (let (xbeg xend)
+    (if (and Begin End)
+        (setq xbeg Begin xend End)
+      (if (region-active-p)
+          (setq xbeg (region-beginning) xend (region-end))
+        (setq xbeg (line-beginning-position) xend (line-end-position))))
+    (save-restriction
+      (narrow-to-region xbeg xend)
+      (let ((case-fold-search nil))
+        (goto-char (point-min))
+        (while (search-forward "\\" nil t)
+          (replace-match "/"))))))
+
+(defun xah-double-backslash (&optional Begin End)
+  "Replace backslash by two backslash on current line or region.
+Version: 2021-11-09"
+  (interactive)
+  (let (xbeg xend)
+    (if (and Begin End)
+        (setq xbeg Begin xend End)
+      (if (region-active-p)
+          (setq xbeg (region-beginning) xend (region-end))
+        (setq xbeg (line-beginning-position) xend (line-end-position))))
+    (save-restriction
+      (narrow-to-region xbeg xend)
+      (let ((case-fold-search nil))
+        (goto-char (point-min))
+        (while (search-forward "\\" nil t)
+          (replace-match "\\\\\\\\"))))))
+
+(defun xah-double-backslash-to-single (&optional Begin End)
+  "Replace double backslash by single backslash on current line or region.
+Version: 2021-11-09"
+  (interactive)
+  (let (xbeg xend)
+    (if (and Begin End)
+        (setq xbeg Begin xend End)
+      (if (region-active-p)
+          (setq xbeg (region-beginning) xend (region-end))
+        (setq xbeg (line-beginning-position) xend (line-end-position))))
+    (save-restriction
+      (narrow-to-region xbeg xend)
+      (let ((case-fold-search nil))
+        (goto-char (point-min))
+        (while (search-forward "\\\\"  nil t)
+          (replace-match "\\\\"))))))
+
+(defun xah-slash-to-double-backslash (&optional Begin End)
+  "Replace slash by double backslash on current line or region.
+Version: 2021-07-14"
+  (interactive)
+  (let (xbeg xend)
+    (if (and Begin End)
+        (setq xbeg Begin xend End)
+      (if (region-active-p)
+          (setq xbeg (region-beginning) xend (region-end))
+        (setq xbeg (line-beginning-position) xend (line-end-position))))
+    (save-restriction
+      (narrow-to-region xbeg xend)
+      (let ((case-fold-search nil))
+        (goto-char (point-min))
+        (while (search-forward "/" nil t)
+          (replace-match "\\\\\\\\"))))))
+
+(defun xah-double-backslash-to-slash (&optional Begin End)
+  "Replace double backslash by slash on current line or region.
+Version: 2021-07-14"
+  (interactive)
+  (let (xbeg xend)
+    (if (and Begin End)
+        (setq xbeg Begin xend End)
+      (if (region-active-p)
+          (setq xbeg (region-beginning) xend (region-end))
+        (setq xbeg (line-beginning-position) xend (line-end-position))))
+    (save-restriction
+      (narrow-to-region xbeg xend)
+      (let ((case-fold-search nil))
+        (goto-char (point-min))
+        (while (search-forward "\\\\" nil t)
+          (replace-match "/"))))))
+
+(defun xah-comment-dwim ()
+  "Toggle comment in programing language code.
+
+Like `comment-dwim', but toggle comment if cursor is not at end of line.
+If cursor is at end of line, either add comment at the line end or move cursor to start of line end comment. call again to comment out whole line.
+
+URL `http://xahlee.info/emacs/emacs/emacs_toggle_comment_by_line.html'
+Created: 2016-10-25
+Version: 2023-07-10"
+  (interactive)
+  (if (region-active-p)
+      (comment-dwim nil)
+    (let ((xbegin (line-beginning-position))
+          (xend (line-end-position)))
+      (if (eq xbegin xend)
+          (progn
+            (comment-dwim nil))
+        (if (eq (point) xend)
+            (progn
+              (comment-dwim nil))
+          (progn
+            (comment-or-uncomment-region xbegin xend)
+            (forward-line )))))))
+
+(defun xah-quote-lines (QuoteL QuoteR Sep)
+  "Add quotes/brackets and separator (comma) to lines.
+Act on current block or selection.
+
+For example,
+
+ cat
+ dog
+ cow
+
+becomes
+
+ \"cat\",
+ \"dog\",
+ \"cow\",
+
+or
+
+ (cat)
+ (dog)
+ (cow)
+
+In lisp code, QuoteL QuoteR Sep are strings.
+
+URL `http://xahlee.info/emacs/emacs/emacs_quote_lines.html'
+Created: 2020-06-26
+Version: 2024-11-24"
+  (interactive
+   (let ((xbrackets
+          '(
+            "\"QUOTATION MARK\""
+            "'APOSTROPHE'"
+            "(paren)"
+            "{brace}"
+            "[square]"
+            "<greater>"
+            "`emacs'"
+            "`markdown`"
+            "~tilde~"
+            "=equal="
+            "“curly double”"
+            "‘curly single’"
+            "‹french angle›"
+            "«french double angle»"
+            "「corner」"
+            "none"
+            "other"
+            ))
+         (xcomma '("comma ," "semicolon ;" "none" "other"))
+         xbktChoice xsep xsepChoice xquoteL xquoteR)
+     (let ((completion-ignore-case t))
+       (setq xbktChoice (completing-read "Quote to use:" xbrackets nil t nil nil (car xbrackets)))
+       (setq xsepChoice (completing-read "line separator:" xcomma nil t nil nil (car xcomma))))
+     (cond
+      ((string-equal xbktChoice "none")
+       (setq xquoteL "" xquoteR ""))
+      ((string-equal xbktChoice "other")
+       (let ((xx (read-string "Enter 2 chars, for begin/end quote:")))
+         (setq xquoteL (substring xx 0 1)
+               xquoteR (substring xx 1 2))))
+      (t (setq xquoteL (substring xbktChoice 0 1)
+               xquoteR (substring xbktChoice -1))))
+     (setq xsep
+           (cond
+            ((string-equal xsepChoice "comma ,") ",")
+            ((string-equal xsepChoice "semicolon ;") ";")
+            ((string-equal xsepChoice "none") "")
+            ((string-equal xsepChoice "other") (read-string "Enter separator:"))
+            (t xsepChoice)))
+     (list xquoteL xquoteR xsep)))
+  (let (xbeg xend (xquoteL QuoteL) (xquoteR QuoteR) (xsep Sep))
+    (seq-setq (xbeg xend) (xah-fly-get-pos-block-or))
+    (save-excursion
+      (save-restriction
+        (narrow-to-region xbeg xend)
+        (goto-char (point-min))
+        (catch 'EndReached
+          (while t
+            (skip-chars-forward "\t ")
+            (insert xquoteL)
+            (end-of-line)
+            (insert xquoteR xsep)
+            (if (eq (point) (point-max))
+                (throw 'EndReached t)
+              (forward-char))))))))
+
+(defun xah-escape-quotes (Begin End)
+  "Add slash before double quote in current line or selection.
+Double quote is codepoint 34.
+See also: `xah-unescape-quotes'
+URL `http://xahlee.info/emacs/emacs/elisp_escape_quotes.html'
+Version: 2017-01-11"
+  (interactive
+   (if (region-active-p)
+       (list (region-beginning) (region-end))
+     (list (line-beginning-position) (line-end-position))))
+  (save-excursion
+      (save-restriction
+        (narrow-to-region Begin End)
+        (goto-char (point-min))
+        (while (search-forward "\"" nil t)
+          (replace-match "\\\"" t t)))))
+
+(defun xah-unescape-quotes (&optional Begin End)
+  "Replace  「\\\"」 by 「\"」 in current line or selection.
+See also: `xah-escape-quotes'
+
+URL `http://xahlee.info/emacs/emacs/elisp_escape_quotes.html'
+Created: 2017-01-11
+Version: 2023-11-02"
+  (interactive)
+  (let (xbeg xend)
+    (if (and Begin End)
+        (setq xbeg Begin xend End)
+      (if (region-active-p)
+          (setq xbeg (region-beginning) xend (region-end))
+        (setq xbeg (line-beginning-position) xend (line-end-position))))
+    (save-excursion
+      (save-restriction
+        (narrow-to-region xbeg xend)
+        (goto-char (point-min))
+        (while (search-forward "\\\"" nil t)
+          (replace-match "\"" t t))))))
+
+(defun xah-cycle-hyphen-lowline-space (&optional Begin End)
+  "Cycle {hyphen lowline space} chars.
+
+The region to work on is by this order:
+ 1. if there is a selection, use that.
+ 2. If cursor is in a string quote or any type of bracket, and is within current line, work on that region.
+ 3. else, work on current line.
+
+After this command is called, press `xah-repeat-key' to repeat it.
+
+URL `http://xahlee.info/emacs/emacs/elisp_change_space-hyphen_underscore.html'
+Created: 2019-02-12
+Version: 2025-01-24"
+  (interactive)
+  ;; this function sets a property 'state. Possible values are 0 to length of xcharArray.
+  (let (xbeg xend xlen
+            (xcharArray ["-" "_" " "])
+            (xregionWasActive-p (region-active-p))
+            (xnowState (if (eq last-command this-command) (get 'xah-cycle-hyphen-lowline-space 'state) 0))
+            xchangeTo)
+    (setq
+     xlen (length xcharArray)
+     xchangeTo (elt xcharArray xnowState))
+    (if (and Begin End)
+        (setq xbeg Begin xend End)
+      (if (region-active-p)
+          (setq xbeg (region-beginning) xend (region-end))
+        (let ((xskipChars "^\"<>(){}[]“”‘’‹›«»「」『』【】〖〗《》〈〉〔〕（）"))
+          (skip-chars-backward xskipChars (line-beginning-position))
+          (setq xbeg (point))
+          (skip-chars-forward xskipChars (line-end-position))
+          (setq xend (point))
+          (push-mark xbeg))))
+    (save-excursion
+      (save-restriction
+        (narrow-to-region xbeg xend)
+        (goto-char (point-min))
+        (while (re-search-forward (elt xcharArray (% (+ xnowState 2) xlen)) (point-max) 1)
+          (replace-match xchangeTo t t))))
+    (when (or (string-equal xchangeTo " ") xregionWasActive-p)
+      (goto-char xend)
+      (push-mark xbeg)
+      (setq deactivate-mark nil))
+    (put 'xah-cycle-hyphen-lowline-space 'state (% (+ xnowState 1) xlen)))
+  (set-transient-map (let ((xkmap (make-sparse-keymap))) (define-key xkmap (kbd (if (boundp 'xah-repeat-key) xah-repeat-key "m")) this-command) xkmap)))
+
+(defun xah-copy-file-path (&optional DirPathOnlyQ)
+  "Copy current buffer file path or dired path.
+Result is full path.
+If `universal-argument' is called first, copy only the dir path.
+
+If in dired, copy the current or marked files.
+
+If a buffer is not file and not dired, copy value of `default-directory'.
+
+URL `http://xahlee.info/emacs/emacs/emacs_copy_file_path.html'
+Created: 2018-06-18
+Version: 2024-12-15"
+  (interactive "P")
+  (let ((xfpath
+         (if (eq major-mode 'dired-mode)
+             (progn
+               (let ((xresult (mapconcat #'identity
+                                         (dired-get-marked-files) "\n")))
+                 (if (equal (length xresult) 0)
+                     (progn default-directory)
+                   (progn xresult))))
+           (or buffer-file-name default-directory))))
+    (kill-new
+     (if DirPathOnlyQ
+         (progn
+           (message "Directory copied: %s" (file-name-directory xfpath))
+           (file-name-directory xfpath))
+       (progn
+         (message "File path copied: %s" xfpath)
+         xfpath)))))
+
+(defun xah-delete-current-text-block ()
+  "Delete the current text block plus blank lines, or selection, and copy to `kill-ring'.
+
+If cursor is between blank lines, delete following blank lines.
+
+URL `http://xahlee.info/emacs/emacs/emacs_delete_block.html'
+Created: 2017-07-09
+Version: 2024-10-07"
+  (interactive)
+  (let (xbeg xend (xp (point)))
+    (if (region-active-p)
+        (setq xbeg (region-beginning) xend (region-end))
+      (progn
+        (setq xbeg
+              (if (re-search-backward "\n[ \t]*\n+" nil :move)
+                  (match-end 0)
+                (point)))
+        (goto-char xp)
+        (setq xend (if (re-search-forward "\n[ \t]*\n+" nil :move)
+                       (match-end 0)
+                     (point-max)))))
+    (kill-region xbeg xend)))
+
+(defun xah-copy-to-register-1 ()
+  "Copy current line or selection to register 1.
+
+See also:
+`xah-copy-to-register-1'
+`xah-append-to-register-1'
+`xah-paste-from-register-1'
+`xah-clear-register-1'
+
+URL `http://xahlee.info/emacs/emacs/elisp_copy-paste_register_1.html'
+Created: 2012-07-17
+Version: 2023-08-05"
+  (interactive)
+  (let (xbeg xend)
+    (if (region-active-p)
+         (setq xbeg (region-beginning) xend (region-end))
+      (setq xbeg (line-beginning-position) xend (line-end-position)))
+    (copy-to-register ?1 xbeg xend)
+    (message "Copied to register 1: [%s]." (buffer-substring xbeg xend))))
+
+(defun xah-append-to-register-1 ()
+  "Append current line or selection to register 1.
+When no selection, append current line, with newline char.
+
+See also:
+`xah-copy-to-register-1'
+`xah-append-to-register-1'
+`xah-paste-from-register-1'
+`xah-clear-register-1'
+
+URL `http://xahlee.info/emacs/emacs/emacs_copy_append.html'
+Created: 2015-12-08
+Version: 2023-08-05"
+  (interactive)
+  (let (xbeg xend)
+    (if (region-active-p)
+         (setq xbeg (region-beginning) xend (region-end))
+      (setq xbeg (line-beginning-position) xend (line-end-position)))
+    (append-to-register ?1 xbeg xend)
+    (with-temp-buffer (insert "\n")
+                      (append-to-register ?1 (point-min) (point-max)))
+    (message "Appended to register 1: [%s]." (buffer-substring xbeg xend))))
+
+(defun xah-paste-from-register-1 ()
+  "Paste text from register 1.
+
+See also:
+`xah-copy-to-register-1'
+`xah-append-to-register-1'
+`xah-paste-from-register-1'
+`xah-clear-register-1'
+
+URL `http://xahlee.info/emacs/emacs/elisp_copy-paste_register_1.html'
+Created: 2015-12-08
+Version: 2023-04-07"
+  (interactive)
+  (when (region-active-p)
+    (delete-region (region-beginning) (region-end)))
+  (insert-register ?1 t))
+
+(defun xah-clear-register-1 ()
+  "Clear register 1.
+
+See also:
+`xah-copy-to-register-1'
+`xah-append-to-register-1'
+`xah-paste-from-register-1'
+`xah-clear-register-1'
+
+URL `http://xahlee.info/emacs/emacs/elisp_copy-paste_register_1.html'
+Created: 2015-12-08
+Version: 2023-04-07"
+  (interactive)
+  (progn
+    (copy-to-register ?1 (point-min) (point-min))
+    (message "Cleared register 1.")))
+
+;; HHHH------------------------------
+;; insertion commands
+
+(defun xah-insert-date ()
+  "Insert current date time.
+Insert date in this format: yyyy-mm-dd.
+If `universal-argument' is called first, prompt for a format to use.
+If there is selection, delete it first.
+
+URL `http://xahlee.info/emacs/emacs/elisp_insert-date-time.html'
+Created: 2013-05-10
+Version: 2023-10-01"
+  (interactive)
+  (let (xmenu xstyle)
+    (setq
+     xmenu
+     '(("ISO date • 2018-04-12" . (format-time-string "%Y-%m-%d"))
+       ("all digits datetime • 20180412224611" . (format-time-string "%Y%m%d%H%M%S"))
+       ("date _ time digits • 2018-04-12_224611" . (format-time-string "%Y-%m-%d_%H%M%S"))
+       ("ISO datetime full • 2018-04-12T22:46:11-07:00" .
+        (concat
+         (format-time-string "%Y-%m-%dT%T")
+         ((lambda (xx) (format "%s:%s" (substring xx 0 3) (substring xx 3 5)))
+          (format-time-string "%z"))))
+       ("ISO datetime w space • 2018-04-12 22:46:11-07:00" .
+        (concat
+         (format-time-string "%Y-%m-%d %T")
+         ((lambda (xx) (format "%s:%s" (substring xx 0 3) (substring xx 3 5)))
+          (format-time-string "%z"))))
+       ("ISO date + weekday • 2018-04-12 Thursday" . (format-time-string "%Y-%m-%d %A"))
+       ("USA date + weekday • Thursday, April 12, 2018" . (format-time-string "%A, %B %d, %Y"))
+       ("USA date + weekday abbrev • Thu, Apr 12, 2018" . (format-time-string "%a, %b %d, %Y"))
+       ("USA date • April 12, 2018" . (format-time-string "%B %d, %Y"))
+       ("USA date abbrev • Apr 12, 2018" . (format-time-string "%b %d, %Y")))
+
+     xstyle
+     (if current-prefix-arg
+         (let ((completion-ignore-case t))
+           (completing-read "Style:" xmenu nil t nil nil (caar xmenu)))
+       (caar xmenu)))
+    (when (region-active-p) (delete-region (region-beginning) (region-end)))
+    (insert (eval (cdr (assoc xstyle xmenu))))))
+
+(defun xah-insert-bracket-pair (LBracket RBracket &optional WrapMethod)
+  "Insert brackets around selection, word, at point, and maybe move cursor in between.
+
+ LBracket and RBracket are strings. WrapMethod must be either `line' or `block'. `block' means between empty lines.
+
+• If there is a active region, wrap around region.
+Else
+• If WrapMethod is `line', wrap around line.
+• If WrapMethod is `block', wrap around block.
+Else
+• If cursor is at beginning of line and its not empty line and contain at least 1 space, wrap around the line.
+• If cursor is at end of a word or buffer, one of the following will happen:
+ xyz▮ → xyz(▮)
+ xyz▮ → (xyz▮)       if in one of the lisp modes.
+• wrap brackets around word if any. e.g. xy▮z → (xyz▮). Or just (▮)
+
+URL `http://xahlee.info/emacs/emacs/elisp_insert_brackets_by_pair.html'
+Created: 2017-01-17
+Version: 2024-03-19"
+  (if (region-active-p)
+      (progn
+        (let ((xbeg (region-beginning)) (xend (region-end)))
+          (goto-char xend) (insert RBracket)
+          (goto-char xbeg) (insert LBracket)
+          (goto-char (+ xend 2))))
+    (let (xbeg xend)
+      (cond
+       ((eq WrapMethod 'line)
+        (setq xbeg (line-beginning-position) xend (line-end-position))
+        (goto-char xend)
+        (insert RBracket)
+        (goto-char xbeg)
+        (insert LBracket)
+        (goto-char (+ xend (length LBracket))))
+       ((eq WrapMethod 'block)
+        (save-excursion
+          (seq-setq (xbeg xend) (xah-fly-get-pos-block-or))
+          (goto-char xend)
+          (insert RBracket)
+          (goto-char xbeg)
+          (insert LBracket)
+          (goto-char (+ xend (length LBracket)))))
+       ( ; do line. line must contain space
+        (and
+         (eq (point) (line-beginning-position))
+         (not (eq (line-beginning-position) (line-end-position))))
+        (insert LBracket)
+        (end-of-line)
+        (insert  RBracket))
+       ((and
+         (or ; cursor is at end of word or buffer. i.e. xyz▮
+          (looking-at "[^-_[:alnum:]]")
+          (eq (point) (point-max)))
+         (not (or
+               (eq major-mode 'xah-elisp-mode)
+               (eq major-mode 'emacs-lisp-mode)
+               (eq major-mode 'lisp-mode)
+               (eq major-mode 'lisp-interaction-mode)
+               (eq major-mode 'common-lisp-mode)
+               (eq major-mode 'clojure-mode)
+               (eq major-mode 'xah-clojure-mode)
+               (eq major-mode 'scheme-mode))))
+        (progn
+          (setq xbeg (point) xend (point))
+          (insert LBracket RBracket)
+          (search-backward RBracket)))
+       (t (progn
+            ;; wrap around “word”. basically, want all alphanumeric, plus hyphen and underscore, but don't want space or punctuations. Also want chinese chars
+            ;; 我有一帘幽梦，不知与谁能共。多少秘密在其中，欲诉无人能懂。
+            (skip-chars-backward "-_[:alnum:]")
+            (setq xbeg (point))
+            (skip-chars-forward "-_[:alnum:]")
+            (setq xend (point))
+            (goto-char xend)
+            (insert RBracket)
+            (goto-char xbeg)
+            (insert LBracket)
+            (goto-char (+ xend (length LBracket)))))))))
+
+(defun xah-insert-paren () (interactive) (xah-insert-bracket-pair "(" ")"))
+(defun xah-insert-square-bracket () (interactive) (xah-insert-bracket-pair "[" "]"))
+(defun xah-insert-brace () (interactive) (xah-insert-bracket-pair "{" "}"))
+
+(defun xah-insert-ascii-double-quote () (interactive) (xah-insert-bracket-pair "\"" "\""))
+(defun xah-insert-ascii-single-quote () (interactive) (xah-insert-bracket-pair "'" "'"))
+(defun xah-insert-ascii-angle-bracket () (interactive) (xah-insert-bracket-pair "<" ">"))
+
+(defun xah-insert-emacs-quote () (interactive) (xah-insert-bracket-pair "`" "'"))
+(defun xah-insert-markdown-quote () (interactive) (xah-insert-bracket-pair "`" "`"))
+(defun xah-insert-markdown-triple-quote () (interactive) (xah-insert-bracket-pair "```\n" "\n```"))
+
+(defun xah-insert-double-curly-quote“” () (interactive) (xah-insert-bracket-pair "“" "”"))
+(defun xah-insert-curly-single-quote‘’ () (interactive) (xah-insert-bracket-pair "‘" "’"))
+(defun xah-insert-single-angle-quote‹› () (interactive) (xah-insert-bracket-pair "‹" "›"))
+(defun xah-insert-double-angle-quote«» () (interactive) (xah-insert-bracket-pair "«" "»"))
+
+(defun xah-insert-corner-bracket「」 () (interactive) (xah-insert-bracket-pair "「" "」"))
+(defun xah-insert-white-corner-bracket『』 () (interactive) (xah-insert-bracket-pair "『" "』"))
+(defun xah-insert-angle-bracket〈〉 () (interactive) (xah-insert-bracket-pair "〈" "〉"))
+(defun xah-insert-double-angle-bracket《》 () (interactive) (xah-insert-bracket-pair "《" "》"))
+(defun xah-insert-white-lenticular-bracket〖〗 () (interactive) (xah-insert-bracket-pair "〖" "〗"))
+(defun xah-insert-black-lenticular-bracket【】 () (interactive) (xah-insert-bracket-pair "【" "】"))
+(defun xah-insert-tortoise-shell-bracket〔〕 () (interactive) (xah-insert-bracket-pair "〔" "〕"))
+(defun xah-insert-deco-angle-bracket❮❯ () (interactive) (xah-insert-bracket-pair "❮" "❯"))
+(defun xah-insert-deco-angle-fat-bracket❰❱ () (interactive) (xah-insert-bracket-pair "❰" "❱"))
+
+(defun xah-insert-hyphen ()
+  "Insert a HYPHEN-MINUS character."
+  (interactive)
+  (insert "-"))
+
+(defun xah-insert-low-line ()
+  "Insert a LOW LINE character."
+  (interactive)
+  (insert "_"))
+
+(defun xah-insert-string-assignment ()
+  "Insert =\"\""
+  (interactive)
+  (progn (insert "=\"\"")
+         (left-char)))
+
+(defun xah-insert-space-before ()
+  "Insert space before cursor."
+  (interactive)
+  (insert " "))
+
+(defun xah-insert-space-after ()
+  "Insert space after cursor"
+  (interactive)
+  (insert " ")
+  (left-char))
+
+(defun xah-insert-seperator ()
+  "Insert a visual seperator line."
+  (interactive)
+  (cond
+   ((and buffer-file-name (string-equal "html" (file-name-extension buffer-file-name))) (insert "<hr />\n"))
+   ((not comment-start)
+    (insert "\nHHHH------------------------------\n"))
+   (t (insert "\nHHHH------------------------------\n")
+      (backward-char)
+      (comment-line 1))))
+
+(defvar xah-unicode-list nil
+ "A alist.
+Each item is (prompStr . xString). Used by `xah-insert-unicode'.
+prompStr is used for prompt.
+xString is is the char to insert.
+xString can be multiple chars or any string.
+")
+
+(setq
+ xah-unicode-list
+ '(
+   ;;
+   ("smile beaming 😊" . "😊")
+   ("tears of joy" . "😂")
+   ("hug 🤗" . "🤗")
+   ("heart eyes 😍" . "😍")
+   ("heart face 🥰" . "🥰")
+   ("angry 😠" . "😠")
+   ("vomit 🤮" . "🤮")
+   ("thumb up 👍" . "👍")
+   ("thumb down 👎" . "👎")
+   ("tv 📺" . "📺")
+   ("checkmark ✅" . "✅")
+   ("new 🆕" . "🆕")
+   ("glowing star 🌟" . "🌟")
+   ("star ⭐" . "⭐")
+   ("sparkles ✨" . "✨")
+   ("rocket 🚀" . "🚀")
+   ("sun 🌞" . "🌞")
+   ("heart 🧡" . "🧡")
+   ("clown 🤡" . "🤡")
+   ("large circle" . "⭕")
+   ("cross ❌" . "❌")
+   ("red triangle 🔺" . "🔺")
+   ("diamond 💠" . "💠")
+   ("square ⬛" . "⬛")
+   ("script 📜" . "📜")
+   ("package 📦" . "📦")
+   ("cursor ▮" . "▮")
+   ("music 🎵" . "🎵")
+
+   ("dagger †" . "†")
+   ("double dagger ‡" . "‡")
+
+   ("double angle bracket" . "《》")
+   ("black lenticular bracket" . "【】")
+   ("corner-bracket" . "「」")
+   ("tortoise shell bracket" . "〔〕")
+   ("angle bracket" . "〈〉")
+   ("double angle quote" . "«»")
+
+   ("bullet •" . "•")
+   ("diamond ◆" . "◆")
+   ("...ellipsis …" . "…")
+   ("nbsp non breaking space" . " ")
+   ("chinese comma 、" . "、")
+   ("emdash —" . "—")
+   ("fullwidth ampersand ＆" . "＆")
+   ("left arrow ←" . "←")
+   ("right arrow →" . "→")
+   ("up arrow ↑" . "↑")
+   ("down arrow ↓" . "↓")
+   ("f hook ƒ" . "ƒ")
+   ("chinese space" . "　")
+
+   ;;
+   ))
+
+(defun xah-insert-unicode ()
+  "Insert a unicode from a custom list `xah-unicode-list'.
+URL `http://xahlee.info/emacs/emacs/emacs_insert_unicode.html'
+Created: 2021-01-05
+Version: 2023-09-19"
+  (interactive)
+  (let ((xkey
+         (let ((completion-ignore-case t))
+           (completing-read "Insert:" xah-unicode-list nil t))))
+    (insert (cdr (assoc xkey xah-unicode-list)))))
+
+;; HHHH------------------------------
+;; text selection
+
+(defun xah-select-block ()
+  "Select the current/next block plus 1 blankline.
+If region is active, extend selection downward by block.
+
+URL `http://xahlee.info/emacs/emacs/emacs_select_text_block.html'
+Created: 2019-12-26
+Version: 2023-11-14"
+  (interactive)
+  (if (region-active-p)
+      (re-search-forward "\n[ \t]*\n[ \t]*\n*" nil :move)
+    (progn
+      (skip-chars-forward " \n\t")
+      (when (re-search-backward "\n[ \t]*\n" nil :move)
+        (goto-char (match-end 0)))
+      (push-mark (point) t t)
+      (re-search-forward "\n[ \t]*\n" nil :move))))
+
+(defun xah-select-line ()
+  "Select current line. If region is active, extend selection downward by line.
+If `visual-line-mode' is on, consider line as visual line.
+
+URL `http://xahlee.info/emacs/emacs/emacs_select_line.html'
+Created: 2017-11-01
+Version: 2023-11-14"
+  (interactive)
+  (if (region-active-p)
+      (if visual-line-mode
+          (let ((xbeg (point)))
+            (end-of-visual-line 1)
+            (when (eq xbeg (point))
+              (end-of-visual-line 2)))
+        (progn
+          (forward-line 1)
+          (end-of-line)))
+    (if visual-line-mode
+        (progn (beginning-of-visual-line)
+               (push-mark (point) t t)
+               (end-of-visual-line))
+      (progn
+        (push-mark (line-beginning-position) t t)
+        (end-of-line)))))
+
+(defun xah-extend-selection ()
+  "Select the current word, bracket/quote expression, or expand selection.
+Subsequent calls expands the selection.
+
+when there is no selection,
+• If cursor is on any type of bracket (including parenthesis, quotation mark), select whole bracketed thing including bracket
+• else, select current word.
+
+when there is a selection, the selection extension behavior is still experimental. But when cursor is on a any type of bracket (parenthesis, quote), it extends selection to outer bracket.
+
+URL `http://xahlee.info/emacs/emacs/emacs_extend_selection.html'
+Created: 2020-02-04
+Version: 2023-11-14"
+  (interactive)
+
+  (cond
+   ((region-active-p)
+    (let ((xbeg (region-beginning)) (xend (region-end)))
+      (goto-char xbeg)
+      (cond
+       ((looking-at "\\s(")
+        (if (eq (nth 0 (syntax-ppss)) 0)
+            (progn
+              ;; (message "debug: left bracket, depth 0.")
+              (end-of-line) ; select current line
+              (push-mark (line-beginning-position) t t))
+          (progn
+            ;; (message "debug: left bracket, depth not 0")
+            (up-list -1 t t)
+            (mark-sexp))))
+       ((eq xbeg (line-beginning-position))
+        (progn
+          (goto-char xbeg)
+          (let ((xfirstLineEndPos (line-end-position)))
+            (cond
+             ((eq xend xfirstLineEndPos)
+              (progn
+                ;; (message "debug: exactly 1 line. extend to next whole line." )
+                (forward-line 1)
+                (end-of-line)))
+             ((< xend xfirstLineEndPos)
+              (progn
+                ;; (message "debug: less than 1 line. complete the line." )
+                (end-of-line)))
+             ((> xend xfirstLineEndPos)
+              (progn
+                ;; (message "debug: beginning of line, but end is greater than 1st end of line" )
+                (goto-char xend)
+                (if (eq (point) (line-end-position))
+                    (progn
+                      ;; (message "debug: exactly multiple lines" )
+                      (forward-line 1)
+                      (end-of-line))
+                  (progn
+                    ;; (message "debug: multiple lines but end is not eol. make it so" )
+                    (goto-char xend)
+                    (end-of-line)))))
+             (t (error "%s: logic error 42946" real-this-command))))))
+       ((and (> (point) (line-beginning-position)) (<= (point) (line-end-position)))
+        (progn
+          ;; (message "debug: less than 1 line" )
+          (end-of-line) ; select current line
+          (push-mark (line-beginning-position) t t)))
+       (t
+        ;; (message "debug: last resort" )
+        nil))))
+
+   ((looking-at "\\s(")
+    ;; (message "debug: left bracket")
+    (mark-sexp))
+
+   ((looking-at "\\s)")
+    ;; (message "debug: right bracket")
+    (backward-up-list) (mark-sexp))
+
+   ((looking-at "\\s\"")
+    ;; (message "debug: string quote")
+    (mark-sexp))
+
+   ((looking-at "[ \t\n]")
+    ;; (message "debug: is white space")
+    (skip-chars-backward " \t\n")
+    (push-mark)
+    (skip-chars-forward " \t\n")
+    (setq mark-active t))
+
+   ((looking-at "[-_a-zA-Z0-9]")
+    ;; (message "debug: left is word or symbol")
+    (skip-chars-backward "-_a-zA-Z0-9")
+    (push-mark)
+    (skip-chars-forward "-_a-zA-Z0-9")
+    (setq mark-active t))
+
+   ((and (looking-at "[:blank:]")
+         (prog2 (backward-char) (looking-at "[:blank:]") (forward-char)))
+    ;; (message "debug: left and right both space" )
+    (skip-chars-backward "[:blank:]") (push-mark (point) t t)
+    (skip-chars-forward "[:blank:]"))
+
+   ((and (looking-at "\n")
+         (eq (char-before) 10))
+    ;; (message "debug: left and right both newline")
+    (skip-chars-forward "\n")
+    (push-mark (point)  t t)
+    (re-search-forward "\n[ \t]*\n"))
+
+   (t
+    ;; (message "debug: just mark sexp" )
+    (mark-sexp)
+    (exchange-point-and-mark))))
+
+(defun xah-select-text-in-quote ()
+  "Select text between the nearest left and right delimiters.
+Delimiters here includes QUOTATION MARK, GRAVE ACCENT, and anything in variable `xah-brackets'.
+This command ignores nesting. For example, if text is
+「(a(b)c▮)」
+the selected char is 「c」, not 「a(b)c」.
+
+URL `http://xahlee.info/emacs/emacs/emacs_select_quote_text.html'
+Created: 2020-11-24
+Version: 2023-11-14"
+  (interactive)
+  (let ((xskipChars (concat "^\"`" (mapconcat #'identity xah-brackets ""))))
+    (skip-chars-backward xskipChars)
+    (push-mark (point) t t)
+    (skip-chars-forward xskipChars)))
+
+(defun xah-cut-text-in-quote ()
+  "Cut text between the nearest left and right delimiters.
+See `xah-select-text-in-quote'
+
+Created: 2023-07-23
+Version: 2024-10-02"
+  (interactive)
+  (let (xbeg xend
+        (xskipChars (concat "^\"`" (mapconcat #'identity xah-brackets ""))))
+    (skip-chars-backward xskipChars)
+    (setq xbeg (point))
+    (skip-chars-forward xskipChars)
+    (setq xend (point))
+    (kill-region xbeg xend)))
+
+;; HHHH------------------------------
+;; misc
+
+(defvar xah-fly-switch-buffer-map nil "repeat key map for `xah-next-user-buffer' etc.")
+(setq xah-fly-switch-buffer-map
+      (let ((xkmap (make-sparse-keymap)))
+        (define-key xkmap (kbd "<up>") 'xah-previous-emacs-buffer)
+        (define-key xkmap (kbd "<down>") 'xah-next-emacs-buffer)
+        (define-key xkmap (kbd "<left>") 'xah-previous-user-buffer)
+        (define-key xkmap (kbd "<right>") 'xah-next-user-buffer)
+        xkmap))
+
+(defun xah-user-buffer-p ()
+  "Return t if current buffer is a user buffer, else nil.
+A user buffer has buffer name NOT starts with * or space, and is not dired mode, help mode, etc.
+This function is used by buffer switching command and close buffer command, so that next buffer shown is a user buffer.
+You can override this function to get your idea of “user buffer”.
+Created: 2016-06-18
+Version: 2024-09-23"
+  (interactive)
+  (cond
+   ((string-match "^\*" (buffer-name)) nil)
+   ((eq major-mode 'dired-mode) nil)
+   ((eq major-mode 'eww-mode) nil)
+   ((eq major-mode 'help-mode) nil)
+   (t t)))
+
+(defun xah-next-user-buffer ()
+  "Switch to the next user buffer.
+User Buffer here is determined by `xah-user-buffer-p'.
+
+Press left or right arrow key to switch to prev next user.
+Press up or down arrow to switch to prev next emacs buffer.
+Any other key to exit.
+
+URL `http://xahlee.info/emacs/emacs/elisp_next_prev_user_buffer.html'
+Created: 2016-06-19
+Version: 2024-09-23"
+  (interactive)
+  (next-buffer)
+  (let ((i 0))
+    (while (< i 30)
+      (if (not (xah-user-buffer-p))
+          (progn (next-buffer)
+                 (setq i (1+ i)))
+        (progn (setq i 100)))))
+  (set-transient-map xah-fly-switch-buffer-map))
+
+(defun xah-previous-user-buffer ()
+  "Switch to the previous user buffer.
+User Buffer here is determined by `xah-user-buffer-p'.
+
+Press left or right arrow key to switch to prev next user.
+Press up or down arrow to switch to prev next emacs buffer.
+Any other key to exit.
+
+URL `http://xahlee.info/emacs/emacs/elisp_next_prev_user_buffer.html'
+Created: 2016-06-19
+Version: 2024-05-01"
+  (interactive)
+  (previous-buffer)
+  (let ((i 0))
+    (while (< i 29)
+      (if (not (xah-user-buffer-p))
+          (progn (previous-buffer)
+                 (setq i (1+ i)))
+        (progn (setq i 100)))))
+  (set-transient-map xah-fly-switch-buffer-map))
+
+(defun xah-next-emacs-buffer ()
+  "Switch to the next emacs buffer.
+Emacs buffer here means `xah-user-buffer-p' return nil.
+
+Press left or right arrow key to switch to prev next user.
+Press up or down arrow to switch to prev next emacs buffer.
+Any other key to exit.
+
+URL `http://xahlee.info/emacs/emacs/elisp_next_prev_user_buffer.html'
+Created: 2013-05-22
+Version: 2024-09-16"
+  (interactive)
+  (next-buffer)
+  (let ((i 0))
+    (while (and (xah-user-buffer-p) (< i 20))
+      (setq i (1+ i)) (next-buffer)))
+  (set-transient-map xah-fly-switch-buffer-map))
+
+(defun xah-previous-emacs-buffer ()
+  "Switch to the previous emacs buffer.
+Emacs buffer here means `xah-user-buffer-p' return nil.
+
+Press left or right arrow key to switch to prev next user.
+Press up or down arrow to switch to prev next emacs buffer.
+Any other key to exit.
+
+URL `http://xahlee.info/emacs/emacs/elisp_next_prev_user_buffer.html'
+Created: 2013-05-22
+Version: 2024-09-16"
+  (interactive)
+  (previous-buffer)
+  (let ((i 0))
+    (while (and (xah-user-buffer-p) (< i 20))
+      (setq i (1+ i)) (previous-buffer)))
+  (set-transient-map xah-fly-switch-buffer-map))
+
+(defun xah-new-empty-buffer ()
+  "Create a new empty buffer.
+Returns the buffer object.
+New buffer is named untitled, untitled<2>, etc.
+
+Warning: new buffer is not prompted for save when killed, see `kill-buffer'.
+Or manually `save-buffer'
+
+URL `http://xahlee.info/emacs/emacs/emacs_new_empty_buffer.html'
+Created: 2017-11-01
+Version: 2022-04-05"
+  (interactive)
+  (let ((xbuf (generate-new-buffer "untitled")))
+    (switch-to-buffer xbuf)
+    (funcall initial-major-mode)
+    xbuf
+    ))
+
+(declare-function minibuffer-keyboard-quit "delsel" ())
+(declare-function org-edit-src-save "org-src" ())
+
+(defcustom xah-recently-closed-buffers-max 40 "The maximum length for `xah-recently-closed-buffers'."
+  :type 'integer)
+
+(defvar xah-recently-closed-buffers nil "A Alist of recently closed buffers.
+Each element is (bufferName . filePath).
+The max number to track is controlled by the variable `xah-recently-closed-buffers-max'.")
+
+(defun xah-add-to-recently-closed (&optional BufferName BufferFileName)
+  "Add to `xah-recently-closed-buffers'.
+Version: 2023-03-02"
+  (let ((xbn (if BufferName BufferName (buffer-name)))
+        (xbfn (if BufferFileName BufferFileName buffer-file-name)))
+    (setq xah-recently-closed-buffers (cons (cons xbn xbfn) xah-recently-closed-buffers)))
+  (when (> (length xah-recently-closed-buffers) xah-recently-closed-buffers-max)
+    (setq xah-recently-closed-buffers (butlast xah-recently-closed-buffers 1))))
+
+(defvar xah-create-buffer-backup nil "If true, `xah-close-current-buffer' creates a backup file when closing non-file buffer. Version: 2024-11-09")
+
+(setq xah-create-buffer-backup t)
+
+(defvar xah-temp-dir-path nil "Path to temp dir used by xah commands.
+by default, the value is dir named temp at `user-emacs-directory'.
+Version: 2023-03-21")
+
+(setq xah-temp-dir-path (concat user-emacs-directory "temp/"))
+
+(defun xah-close-current-buffer ()
+  "Close the current buffer with possible backup.
+
+• If the buffer is a file and not modified, kill it. If is modified, do nothing. Print a message.
+• If the buffer is not a file, and variable `xah-create-buffer-backup' is true, then save a backup to `xah-temp-dir-path' named untitled_‹datetime›_‹randomhex›.txt.
+
+If `universal-argument' is called first, call `kill-buffer'. (this is useful to force kill.)
+
+If the buffer is a file, add the path to the list `xah-recently-closed-buffers'.
+
+URL `http://xahlee.info/emacs/emacs/elisp_close_buffer_open_last_closed.html'
+Created: 2016-06-19
+Version: 2024-11-09"
+  (interactive)
+  (widen)
+  (cond
+   (current-prefix-arg (kill-buffer))
+   ;; ((eq major-mode 'minibuffer-inactive-mode) (minibuffer-keyboard-quit))
+   ;; ((active-minibuffer-window) (minibuffer-keyboard-quit))
+   ((minibufferp (current-buffer)) (minibuffer-keyboard-quit))
+
+   ((eq major-mode 'dired-mode)
+    (xah-add-to-recently-closed (buffer-name) default-directory)
+    (kill-buffer))
+
+   ((and buffer-file-name (not (buffer-modified-p)))
+    (xah-add-to-recently-closed (buffer-name) buffer-file-name)
+    (kill-buffer))
+
+   ((and buffer-file-name (buffer-modified-p))
+    (message "buffer file modified. Save it first.\n%s" buffer-file-name))
+   ((and xah-create-buffer-backup (not buffer-file-name) (xah-user-buffer-p) (not (eq (point-max) 1)))
+    (let ((xnewName (format "%suntitled_%s_%x.txt"
+                            xah-temp-dir-path
+                            (format-time-string "%Y%m%d_%H%M%S")
+                            (random #xfffff))))
+      (when (not (file-exists-p xah-temp-dir-path)) (make-directory xah-temp-dir-path))
+      (write-region (point-min) (point-max) xnewName)
+      (xah-add-to-recently-closed (buffer-name) xnewName)
+      (kill-buffer)))
+   (t (kill-buffer))))
+
+(defun xah-open-last-closed ()
+  "Open the last closed file.
+URL `http://xahlee.info/emacs/emacs/elisp_close_buffer_open_last_closed.html'
+Created: 2016-06-19
+Version: 2022-03-22"
+  (interactive)
+  (if (> (length xah-recently-closed-buffers) 0)
+      (find-file (cdr (pop xah-recently-closed-buffers)))
+    (progn (message "No recently close buffer in this session."))))
+
+(defun xah-open-recently-closed ()
+  "Open recently closed file.
+Prompt for a choice.
+
+URL `http://xahlee.info/emacs/emacs/elisp_close_buffer_open_last_closed.html'
+Created: 2016-06-19
+Version: 2023-09-19"
+  (interactive)
+  (find-file
+   (let ((completion-ignore-case t))
+     (completing-read
+      "Open:"
+      (mapcar (lambda (f) (cdr f)) xah-recently-closed-buffers)
+      nil t
+      ))))
+
+(defun xah-list-recently-closed ()
+  "List recently closed file.
+
+URL `http://xahlee.info/emacs/emacs/elisp_close_buffer_open_last_closed.html'
+Version: 2016-06-19"
+  (interactive)
+  (let ((xbuf (generate-new-buffer "*recently closed*")))
+    (switch-to-buffer xbuf)
+    (mapc (lambda (xf) (insert (cdr xf) "\n"))
+          xah-recently-closed-buffers)))
+
+(defvar xah-open-file-at-cursor-pre-hook nil "Hook for `xah-open-file-at-cursor'.
+Functions in the hook is called in order, each given the raw input text (path) as arg.
+The first return non-nil, its value is given to `xah-open-file-at-cursor' as input. rest functions in hook is ignored.
+This is useful for transforming certain url into file path. e.g. change
+http://xahlee.info/emacs/index.html
+to
+C:/Users/xah/web/xahlee_info/emacs/index.html
+, so instead of opening in browser, it opens in emacs as file.")
+
+(defun xah-open-file-at-cursor ()
+  "Open the file path under cursor.
+
+• If there is selection, use it for path.
+• Path can be {relative, full path, URL}.
+• If the path starts with 「https*://」, open the URL in browser.
+• Path may have a trailing 「:‹n›」 that indicates line number, or 「:‹n›:‹m›」 with line and column number. If so, jump to that line number.
+
+If path does not have a file extension, automatically try with .el for elisp files.
+
+See also `xah-open-file-at-cursor-pre-hook'.
+
+This command is similar to `find-file-at-point' but without prompting for confirmation.
+
+URL `http://xahlee.info/emacs/emacs/emacs_open_file_path_fast.html'
+Created: 2020-10-17
+Version: 2024-09-25"
+  (interactive)
+  (let (xinput xinput2 xpath)
+    (setq xinput (if (region-active-p)
+                     (buffer-substring-no-properties (region-beginning) (region-end))
+                   (let ((xp0 (point)) xbeg xend
+                         (xpathStops "^  \t\n\"`'‘’“”|()[]{}「」<>〔〕〈〉《》【】〖〗«»‹›❮❯❬❭〘〙·。\\"))
+                     (skip-chars-backward xpathStops)
+                     (setq xbeg (point))
+                     (goto-char xp0)
+                     (skip-chars-forward xpathStops)
+                     (setq xend (point))
+                     (goto-char xp0)
+                     (buffer-substring-no-properties xbeg xend))))
+    (setq xinput2 (if (> (length xah-open-file-at-cursor-pre-hook) 0)
+                      (let ((xprehook (run-hook-with-args-until-success 'xah-open-file-at-cursor-pre-hook xinput)))
+                        (if xprehook xprehook xinput))
+                    xinput))
+
+    (setq xpath
+          (cond
+           ((string-match "\\`file:///[A-Za-z]:/" xinput2) (substring xinput2 8))
+           ((string-match "\\`file://[A-Za-z]:/" xinput2) (substring xinput2 7))
+           (t xinput2)))
+
+    (if (string-match-p "\\`https?://" xpath)
+        (browse-url xpath)
+      (let ((xpathNoQ
+             (let ((xHasQuery (string-match "\?[a-z]+=" xpath)))
+               (if xHasQuery
+                   (substring xpath 0 xHasQuery)
+                 xpath))))
+        (cond
+         ((string-match "#" xpathNoQ)
+          (let ((xfpath (substring xpathNoQ 0 (match-beginning 0)))
+                (xfractPart (substring xpathNoQ (1+ (match-beginning 0)))))
+            (if (file-exists-p xfpath)
+                (progn
+                  (find-file xfpath)
+                  (goto-char (point-min))
+                  (search-forward xfractPart))
+              (progn
+                (message "File does not exist. Created at\n%s" xfpath)
+                (find-file xfpath)))))
+         ((string-match "\\`\\(.+?\\):\\([0-9]+\\)\\(:[0-9]+\\)?\\'" xpathNoQ)
+          (let ((xfpath (match-string-no-properties 1 xpathNoQ))
+                (xlineNum (string-to-number (match-string-no-properties 2 xpathNoQ))))
+            (if (file-exists-p xfpath)
+                (progn
+                  (find-file xfpath)
+                  (goto-char (point-min))
+                  (forward-line (1- xlineNum)))
+              (progn
+                (message "File does not exist. Created at\n%s" xfpath)
+                (find-file xfpath)))))
+         ((file-exists-p xpathNoQ)
+          (progn ; open f.ts instead of f.js
+            (let ((xext (file-name-extension xpathNoQ))
+                  (xfnamecore (file-name-sans-extension xpathNoQ)))
+              (if (and (string-equal xext "js")
+                       (file-exists-p (concat xfnamecore ".ts")))
+                  (progn
+                    (find-file (concat xfnamecore ".ts"))
+                    (warn "Typescript file .ts exist, opening it"))
+
+                (find-file xpathNoQ)))))
+         ((file-exists-p (concat xpathNoQ ".el"))
+          (find-file (concat xpathNoQ ".el")))
+         (t (progn
+              (message "File does not exist. Created at\n%s" xpathNoQ)
+              (find-file xpathNoQ))))))))
+
+;; HHHH------------------------------
+
+(defvar xah-run-current-file-dispatch nil
+"A dispatch table used by `xah-run-current-file' to call dedicated function to run code.
+Value is a association list.
+Each item is (EXT . FUNCTION).
+EXT is filename extension (sans the dot), type string.
+FUNCTION is a elisp function name to call, type symbol.
+If file extension match, and FUNCTION is defined, call it, pass current buffer's filepath as arg.
+Else, `xah-run-current-file-map' is looked up." )
+
+(setq xah-run-current-file-dispatch
+      '(("el" . load)
+        ("elc" . load)
+        ("java" . xah-java-compile-and-run)))
+
+(defvar xah-run-current-file-map
+  "A association list that maps file extension to a command for running the file, used by `xah-run-current-file'.
+Each item is (EXT . PROGRAM).
+EXT is filename extension (sans the dot), type string.
+PROGRAM is program name or path, with command options to run a file, type string.
+A filename is appended after the PROGRAM string as external command to call.")
+
+(setq xah-run-current-file-map
+      '(
+        ;; following are tested as of 2024-12-20
+
+        ("fs" . "dotnet fsi")
+        ("fsx" . "dotnet fsi")
+        ("go" . "go run")
+        ("js" . "deno run")
+        ("php" . "php")
+        ("pl" . "perl")
+        ("ps1" . "pwsh")
+        ("py" . "python")
+        ("py2" . "python2")
+        ("py3" . "python3")
+        ("rb" . "ruby")
+        ("ts" . "deno run")
+        ("m" . "wolframscript -print all -file")
+        ("wl" . "wolframscript -print all -file")
+        ("wls" . "wolframscript -print all -file")
+
+        ;; following may be outdated
+
+        ("clj" . "clj")
+        ("hs" . "runhaskell")
+        ("latex" . "pdflatex")
+        ("ml" . "ocaml")
+        ("rkt" . "racket")
+        ("sh" . "bash")
+        ("tex" . "pdflatex")
+        ("tsx" . "tsc")
+        ("vbs" . "cscript")
+        ("pov" . "povray +R2 +A0.1 +J1.2 +Am2 +Q9 +H480 +W640")))
+
+(defun xah-java-compile-and-run (Filename)
+  "Compile and run java of current buffer.
+Buffer is saved first if modified.
+
+This command is designed for a simple single java class source file.
+requires the commands 「javac」 and 「java」.
+
+If compile fails, the error is displayed in a buffer.
+
+Created: 2024-12-20
+Version: 2024-12-20"
+  (interactive (if buffer-file-name (progn (when (buffer-modified-p) (save-buffer)) (list buffer-file-name)) (user-error "Buffer is not file. Save it first.")))
+  (let ((xoutbuf (get-buffer-create "*xah java output*" t))
+        (xjavac-buf (get-buffer-create "*xah java compile output*" t)))
+    (with-current-buffer xjavac-buf (erase-buffer))
+    (call-process "javac" nil xjavac-buf nil Filename)
+    (if (eq 1 (with-current-buffer xjavac-buf (point-max)))
+        (progn
+          (save-current-buffer (set-buffer xoutbuf) (erase-buffer))
+          (call-process "java" nil xoutbuf nil (file-name-nondirectory (file-name-sans-extension Filename)))
+          (display-buffer xoutbuf))
+      (display-buffer xjavac-buf))))
+
+(defun xah-run-current-file (Filename)
+  "Execute the current file.
+Output is printed to buffer *xah-run output*.
+
+File suffix is used to determine what external command to run, in the variable `xah-run-current-file-map'.
+
+If file is modified, it is auto saved before run.
+
+The variable `xah-run-current-file-dispatch' allows you to customize this command to call other function to run the current file.
+
+URL `http://xahlee.info/emacs/emacs/elisp_run_current_file.html'
+Created: 2020-09-24
+Version: 2024-12-25"
+  (interactive (if buffer-file-name (progn (when (buffer-modified-p) (save-buffer)) (list buffer-file-name)) (user-error "Buffer is not file. Save it first.")))
+  (let ((xoutbuf (get-buffer-create "*xah-run output*" t))
+        (xext (file-name-extension Filename))
+        xdispatch)
+    (setq xdispatch (assoc xext xah-run-current-file-dispatch))
+    (if xdispatch
+        (if (fboundp (cdr xdispatch))
+            (progn
+              (message "calling %s" (cdr xdispatch))
+              (funcall (cdr xdispatch) Filename))
+          (warn "`xah-run-current-file' found function %s in xah-run-current-file-dispatch but it is unbound. Normal run continues using `xah-run-current-file-map'." xdispatch))
+      (let ((xappCmdStr (cdr (assoc xext xah-run-current-file-map))))
+        (when (not xappCmdStr) (error "%s: Unknown file extension: %s. check `xah-run-current-file-map'" real-this-command xext))
+        (progn
+          (save-current-buffer (set-buffer xoutbuf) (erase-buffer))
+          (apply 'start-process (append (list "xah-run" xoutbuf) (split-string xappCmdStr " +" t) (list Filename) nil))
+          ;; (display-buffer xoutbuf)
+          (pop-to-buffer xoutbuf)
+          ;; (with-current-buffer xoutbuf (goto-char (point-min)))
+          )))))
+
+(defun xah-clean-empty-lines ()
+  "Replace repeated blank lines to just 1, in whole buffer or selection.
+Respects `narrow-to-region'.
+
+URL `http://xahlee.info/emacs/emacs/elisp_compact_empty_lines.html'
+Created: 2017-09-22
+Version: 2020-09-08"
+  (interactive)
+  (let (xbegin xend)
+    (if (region-active-p)
+        (setq xbegin (region-beginning) xend (region-end))
+      (setq xbegin (point-min) xend (point-max)))
+    (save-excursion
+      (save-restriction
+        (narrow-to-region xbegin xend)
+        (progn
+          (goto-char (point-min))
+          (while (re-search-forward "\n\n\n+" nil :move)
+            (replace-match "\n\n")))))))
+
+(defun xah-clean-whitespace ()
+  "Delete trailing whitespace, and replace repeated blank lines to just 1.
+Only space and tab is considered whitespace here.
+Works on whole buffer or selection, respects `narrow-to-region'.
+
+URL `http://xahlee.info/emacs/emacs/elisp_compact_empty_lines.html'
+Created: 2017-09-22
+Version: 2022-08-06"
+  (interactive)
+  (let (xbegin xend)
+    (if (region-active-p)
+        (setq xbegin (region-beginning) xend (region-end))
+      (setq xbegin (point-min) xend (point-max)))
+    (save-excursion
+      (save-restriction
+        (narrow-to-region xbegin xend)
+        (goto-char (point-min))
+        (while (re-search-forward "[ \t]+\n" nil :move) (replace-match "\n"))
+        (goto-char (point-min))
+        (while (re-search-forward "\n\n\n+" nil :move) (replace-match "\n\n"))
+        (goto-char (point-max))
+        (while (eq (char-before) 32) (delete-char -1)))))
+  (message "%s done" real-this-command))
+
+(defun xah-make-backup ()
+  "Make a backup copy of current file or dired marked files.
+If in dired, backup current file or marked files.
+
+The backup file name is the original name with the datetime .yyyymmddhhmmss~ appended.
+
+Overwrite existing file.
+
+If the current buffer is not associated with a file, do nothing.
+
+URL `http://xahlee.info/emacs/emacs/elisp_make-backup.html'
+Created: 2018-06-06
+Version: 2024-10-21"
+  (interactive)
+  (let ((xfname buffer-file-name)
+        (xtimestamp (format-time-string "%Y%m%d%H%M%S")))
+    (if xfname
+        (let ((xbackupName
+               (concat xfname "." xtimestamp "~")))
+          (copy-file xfname xbackupName t)
+          (message (concat "\nBackup saved at: " xbackupName)))
+      (if (eq major-mode 'dired-mode)
+          (progn
+            (mapc (lambda (xx)
+                    (let ((xbackupName
+                           (concat xx "." xtimestamp "~")))
+                      (copy-file xx xbackupName t)))
+                  (dired-get-marked-files))
+            (revert-buffer))
+        (user-error "%s: buffer not file nor dired" real-this-command)))))
+
+(defun xah-make-backup-and-save ()
+  "Backup of current file and save, or backup dired marked files.
+For detail, see `xah-make-backup'.
+If the current buffer is not associated with a file nor dired, nothing's done.
+
+URL `http://xahlee.info/emacs/emacs/elisp_make-backup.html'
+Version: 2015-10-14"
+  (interactive)
+  (if buffer-file-name
+      (progn
+        (xah-make-backup)
+        (when (buffer-modified-p)
+          (save-buffer)))
+    (progn
+      (xah-make-backup))))
+
+(defun xah-delete-current-file-make-backup ()
+  "Makes a backup~, delete current file, close the buffer.
+
+Backup filename is ‹name›.‹dateTimeStamp›~
+Overwrite existing file.
+
+If buffer is not a file, copy content to `kill-ring', delete buffer.
+
+If buffer is not a file, the backup file name starts with “xx_”.
+
+Call `xah-open-last-closed' to open the backup file.
+
+URL `http://xahlee.info/emacs/emacs/elisp_delete-current-file.html'
+Created: 2018-05-15
+Version: 2024-10-21"
+  (interactive)
+  (when (eq major-mode 'dired-mode)
+    (user-error "%s: In dired. Nothing is done." real-this-command))
+  (let ((xfname buffer-file-name)
+        (xbuffname (buffer-name)))
+    (if xfname
+        (let ((xbackupPath
+               (concat
+                xfname "."
+                (format-time-string "%Y%m%d%H%M%S") "~")))
+          (save-buffer xfname)
+          (kill-buffer xbuffname)
+          (rename-file xfname xbackupPath t)
+          (message "File deleted.
+Backup at
+%s
+Call `xah-open-last-closed' to open." xbackupPath)
+          (when (boundp 'xah-recently-closed-buffers)
+            (push (cons nil xbackupPath) xah-recently-closed-buffers)))
+      (progn
+        (widen)
+        (kill-new (buffer-string))
+        (kill-buffer xbuffname)
+        (message "non-file buffer killed. buffer text copied to `kill-ring'."))))
+  (when (eq major-mode 'dired-mode) (revert-buffer)))
+
+;; HHHH------------------------------
+
+(defun xah-search-current-word ()
+  "Call `isearch' on current word or selection.
+“word” here is A to Z, a to z, and hyphen [-] and lowline [_], independent of syntax table.
+
+URL `http://xahlee.info/emacs/emacs/modernization_isearch.html'
+Created: 2010-05-29
+Version: 2025-02-05"
+  (interactive)
+  (let (xbeg xend)
+    (if (region-active-p)
+        (setq xbeg (region-beginning) xend (region-end))
+      (save-excursion
+        (skip-chars-backward "-_A-Za-z0-9")
+        (setq xbeg (point))
+        (right-char)
+        (skip-chars-forward "-_A-Za-z0-9")
+        (setq xend (point))))
+    (when (< xbeg (point)) (goto-char xbeg))
+    (isearch-mode t)
+    (isearch-yank-string (buffer-substring-no-properties xbeg xend))))
+
+(declare-function w32-shell-execute "w32fns.c" (operation document &optional parameters show-flag)) ; (w32-shell-execute "open" default-directory)
+
+(defun xah-show-in-desktop ()
+  "Show current file in desktop.
+ (Mac Finder, Microsoft Windows File Explorer, Linux file manager)
+This command can be called when in a file buffer or in `dired'.
+
+URL `http://xahlee.info/emacs/emacs/emacs_show_in_desktop.html'
+Created: 2020-11-20
+Version: 2023-09-09"
+  (interactive)
+  (let ((xpath (if (eq major-mode 'dired-mode)
+                   (if (eq nil (dired-get-marked-files))
+                       default-directory
+                     (car (dired-get-marked-files)))
+                 (if buffer-file-name buffer-file-name default-directory))))
+    (cond
+     ((eq system-type 'windows-nt)
+      (shell-command (format "PowerShell -Command invoke-item '%s'" default-directory ))
+      ;; (let ((xcmd (format "Explorer /select,%s"
+      ;;                     (replace-regexp-in-string "/" "\\" xpath t t)
+      ;;                     ;; (shell-quote-argument (replace-regexp-in-string "/" "\\" xpath t t ))
+      ;;                     )))
+      ;;   (shell-command xcmd))
+      )
+     ((eq system-type 'darwin)
+      (shell-command
+       (concat "open -R " (shell-quote-argument xpath))))
+     ((eq system-type 'gnu/linux)
+      (call-process shell-file-name nil 0 nil
+                    shell-command-switch
+                    (format "%s %s"
+                            "xdg-open"
+                            (file-name-directory xpath)))
+      ;; (shell-command "xdg-open .") ;; 2013-02-10 this sometimes froze emacs till the folder is closed. eg with nautilus
+      ))))
+
+(defun xah-open-in-vscode ()
+  "Open current file or dir in vscode.
+URL `http://xahlee.info/emacs/emacs/emacs_open_in_vscode.html'
+
+Created: 2020-02-13
+Version: 2024-12-15"
+  (interactive)
+  (let ((xpath (or buffer-file-name default-directory)))
+    (message "path is %s" xpath)
+    (cond
+     ((eq system-type 'darwin)
+      (shell-command (format "open -a Visual\\ Studio\\ Code.app %s" (shell-quote-argument xpath))))
+     ((eq system-type 'windows-nt)
+      (shell-command (format "code.cmd %s" (shell-quote-argument xpath))))
+     ((eq system-type 'gnu/linux)
+      (shell-command (format "code %s" (shell-quote-argument xpath)))))))
+
+(defun xah-open-in-external-app (&optional Fname)
+  "Open the current file or dired marked files in external app.
+When called in emacs lisp, if Fname is given, open that.
+
+URL `http://xahlee.info/emacs/emacs/emacs_dired_open_file_in_ext_apps.html'
+Created: 2019-11-04
+Version: 2023-06-26"
+  (interactive)
+  (let (xfileList xdoIt)
+    (setq xfileList
+          (if Fname
+              (list Fname)
+            (if (eq major-mode 'dired-mode)
+                (dired-get-marked-files)
+              (list buffer-file-name))))
+    (setq xdoIt (if (<= (length xfileList) 10) t (y-or-n-p "Open more than 10 files? ")))
+    (when xdoIt
+      (cond
+       ((eq system-type 'windows-nt)
+        (let ((xoutBuf (get-buffer-create "*xah open in external app*"))
+              (xcmdlist (list "PowerShell" "-Command" "Invoke-Item" "-LiteralPath")))
+          (mapc
+           (lambda (x)
+             (message "%s" x)
+             (apply 'start-process (append (list "xah open in external app" xoutBuf) xcmdlist (list (format "'%s'" (if (string-match "'" x) (replace-match "`'" t t x) x))) nil)))
+           xfileList)))
+       ((eq system-type 'darwin)
+        (mapc (lambda (xfpath) (shell-command (concat "open " (shell-quote-argument xfpath)))) xfileList))
+       ((eq system-type 'gnu/linux)
+        (mapc (lambda (xfpath)
+                (call-process shell-file-name nil 0 nil
+                              shell-command-switch
+                              (format "%s %s"
+                                      "xdg-open"
+                                      (shell-quote-argument xfpath))))
+              xfileList))
+       ((eq system-type 'berkeley-unix)
+        (mapc (lambda (xfpath) (let ((process-connection-type nil)) (start-process "" nil "xdg-open" xfpath))) xfileList))))))
+
+(defvar xah-fly-mswin-terminal
+  "wt"
+  "A string. Value should be one of: wt (for Windows Terminal) or pwsh (for PowerShell Core (cross-platform)) or powershell (for Microsoft PowerShell).")
+
+(defun xah-open-in-terminal ()
+  "Open the current dir in a new terminal window.
+On Microsoft Windows, which terminal it starts depends on `xah-fly-mswin-terminal'.
+
+URL `http://xahlee.info/emacs/emacs/emacs_open_in_terminal.html'
+Created: 2020-11-21
+Version: 2023-06-26"
+  (interactive)
+  (cond
+   ((eq system-type 'windows-nt)
+    (cond
+     ((string-equal xah-fly-mswin-terminal "wt")
+      (shell-command (format "wt -d \"%s\"" default-directory)))
+     ((string-equal xah-fly-mswin-terminal "pwsh")
+      (shell-command
+       (format "pwsh -Command Start-Process pwsh -WorkingDirectory '%s'" (shell-quote-argument default-directory))))
+     ((string-equal xah-fly-mswin-terminal "powershell")
+      (shell-command
+       (format "powershell -Command Start-Process powershell -WorkingDirectory '%s'" (shell-quote-argument default-directory))))
+     (t (error "Error 702919: value of `xah-fly-mswin-terminal' is not expected. Its value is %s" xah-fly-mswin-terminal))))
+   ((eq system-type 'darwin)
+    (shell-command (concat "open -a terminal " (shell-quote-argument default-directory))))
+   ((eq system-type 'gnu/linux)
+    (let ((process-connection-type nil)) (start-process "" nil "x-terminal-emulator" (concat "--working-directory=" default-directory))))
+   ((eq system-type 'berkeley-unix)
+    (let ((process-connection-type nil)) (start-process "" nil "x-terminal-emulator" (concat "--working-directory=" default-directory))))))
+
+(defun xah-next-window-or-frame ()
+  "Switch to next window or frame.
+If current frame has only one window, switch to next frame.
+If `universal-argument' is called first, do switch frame.
+Version: 2017-01-27"
+  (interactive)
+  (if current-prefix-arg
+      (other-frame 1)
+    (if (one-window-p)
+        (other-frame 1)
+      (other-window 1))))
+
+(defun xah-unsplit-window-or-next-frame ()
+  "Unsplit window. If current frame has only one window, switch to next frame.
+Version: 2017-01-29"
+  (interactive)
+  (if (one-window-p)
+      (other-frame 1)
+    (delete-other-windows)))
+
+;; HHHH------------------------------
+;; layout lookup tables for key conversion
+
+(defvar xah-fly-layout-diagrams (make-hash-table :test 'equal)
+  "A hashtable.
+Key is string, of keyboard layout name.
+Value is a string, of text-art (aka ASCII-art) form of the layout.
+The text-art string, each key (sequence of chars) is separated by whitespace.
+The string is split by white space, and each item is considered a key.
+The key is usually a single char, can be unicode, but may also be alt ctrl tab shift return and other.
+It is used to generate key conversion table of a key from layout to layout.
+")
+
+(progn
+
+  (puthash "adnw" "
+~ ! @ # $ % ^ & * ( ) { }
+` 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 [ ]
+
+k u ü . ä v g c l j f = \\
+h i e a o d t r n s ß
+x y ö , q b p w m z
+
+K U Ü > Ä V G C L J F + |
+H I E A O D T R N S ẞ
+X Y Ö < Q B P W M Z
+" xah-fly-layout-diagrams)
+
+  (puthash "azerty"
+           "
+~ ! @ # $ % ^ & * ( ) { }
+² & é \" ' ( - è _ ç à ) =
+
+a z e r t y u i o p ^ $ *
+q s d f g h j k l m ù
+w x c v b n , ; : !
+
+A Z E R T Y U I O P ? + |
+Q S D F G H J K L M Ù
+W X C V B N ? . / §
+" xah-fly-layout-diagrams)
+
+  (puthash "azerty-be"
+           "
+~ ! @ # $ % ^ & * ( ) { }
+² & é \" ' ( § è ! ç à ) -
+
+a z e r t y u i o p ^ $ µ
+q s d f g h j k l m ù
+w x c v b n , ; : =
+
+A Z E R T Y U I O P ^ $ Μ
+Q S D F G H J K L M Ù
+W X C V B N ? . / +
+" xah-fly-layout-diagrams)
+
+  (puthash "bepo" "
+#  1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 ° `
+$ \" « » ( ) @ + - / * = %
+
+b é p o è ^ v d l j z w \\
+a u i e , c t s r n m
+à y x . k ' q g h f
+
+B É P O È ! V D L J Z W |
+A U I E ; C T S R N M
+À Y X : K ? Q G H F
+" xah-fly-layout-diagrams)
+
+  (puthash "colemak" "
+~ ! @ # $ % ^ & * ( ) _ +
+` 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 - =
+
+q w f p g j l u y ; [ ] \\
+a r s t d h n e i o '
+z x c v b k m , . /
+
+Q W F P G J L U Y : { } |
+A R S T D H N E I O \"
+Z X C V B K M < > ?
+" xah-fly-layout-diagrams)
+
+  (puthash "colemak-dh" "
+~ ! @ # $ % ^ & * ( ) _ +
+` 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 - =
+
+q w f p b j l u y ; [ ] \\
+a r s t g m n e i o '
+z x c d v k h , . /
+
+Q W F P B J L U Y : { } |
+A R S T G M N E I O \"
+Z X C D V K H < > ?
+" xah-fly-layout-diagrams)
+
+  (puthash "dvorak" "
+~ ! @ # $ % ^ & * ( ) { }
+` 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 [ ]
+
+' , . p y f g c r l / = \\
+a o e u i d h t n s -
+; q j k x b m w v z
+
+\" < > P Y F G C R L ? + |
+A O E U I D H T N S _
+: Q J K X B M W V Z
+" xah-fly-layout-diagrams)
+
+  (puthash "engrammer" "
+~ ! @ # $ % ^ & * ( ) { }
+` 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 [ ]
+
+b y o u ' ; l d w v z = \\
+c i e a , . h t s n q
+g x j k - / r m f p
+
+B Y O U \" : L D W V Z + |
+C I E A < > H T S N Q
+G X J K _ ? R M F P
+" xah-fly-layout-diagrams)
+
+  (puthash "koy" "
+^ ! @ # $ % ^ & * ( ) _ ~
+˘ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 - `
+
+k . o , y v g c l ß / = \\
+h a e i u d t r n s f
+x q ä ü ö b p w m j
+
+K > O < Y V G C L ẞ ? + |
+H A E I U D T R N S F
+X Q Ä Ü Ö B P W M J
+" xah-fly-layout-diagrams)
+
+  (puthash "halmak" "
+~ ! @ # $ % ^ & * ( ) _ +
+` 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 - =
+
+w l r b z ; q u d j [ ] \\
+s h n t , . a e o i '
+f m v c / g p x k y
+
+W L R B Z : Q U D J { } |
+S H N T < > A E O I \"
+F M V C ? G P X K Y
+" xah-fly-layout-diagrams)
+
+  (puthash "minimak" "
+~ ! @ # $ % ^ & * ( ) _ +
+` 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 - =
+
+q w d r k y u i o p [ ] \\
+a s t f g h j e l ; '
+z x c v b n m , . /
+
+Q W D R K Y U I O P { } |
+A S T F G H J E L : \"
+Z X C V B N M < > ?
+" xah-fly-layout-diagrams)
+
+  ;; todo. need fix
+  (puthash "neo2" "
+^ ! @ # $ % ^ & * ( ) { }
+` 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 - ]
+
+x v l c w k h g f q ß = \\
+u i a e o s n r t d y
+ü ö ä p z b m , . j
+
+X V L C W K H G F Q ? + |
+U I A E O S N R T D Y
+Ü Ö Ä P Z B M , . J
+" xah-fly-layout-diagrams)
+
+  (puthash "norman" "
+~ ! @ # $ % ^ & * ( ) _ +
+` 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 - =
+
+q w d f k j u r l ; [ ] \\
+a s e t g y n i o h '
+z x c v b p m , . /
+
+Q W D F K J U R L : { } |
+A S E T G Y N I O H \"
+Z X C V B P M < > ?
+" xah-fly-layout-diagrams)
+
+  (puthash "programer-dvorak" "
+~ % 7 5 3 1 9 0 2 4 6 8 `
+$ & [ { } ( = * ) + ] ! #
+
+; , . p y f g c r l / @ \\
+a o e u i d h t n s -
+' q j k x b m w v z
+
+: < > P Y F G C R L ? ^ |
+A O E U I D H T N S _
+\" Q J K X B M W V Z
+" xah-fly-layout-diagrams)
+
+  (puthash "pt-nativo" "
+* ! \" # $ % & / ( ) = ª >
++ 1  2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 º <
+
+' , . h x w l t c p ~ - \\
+i e a o u m d s r n ´
+« ç j b k q v g f z
+
+? ; : H X W L T C P ^ _ |
+I E A O U M D S R N `
+Y Ç J B K Q V G F Z
+" xah-fly-layout-diagrams)
+
+  (puthash "qfmlwy" "
+~ ! @ # $ % ^ & * ( ) _ +
+` 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 - =
+
+q f m l w y u o b j [ ] \\
+d s t n r i a e h ; '
+z v g c x p k , . /
+
+Q F M L W Y U O B J { } |
+D S T N R I A E H : \"
+Z V G C X P K < > ?
+" xah-fly-layout-diagrams)
+
+(puthash "qgmlwb" "
+~ ! @ # $ % ^ & * ( ) _ +
+` 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 - =
+
+q g m l w b y u v ; [ ] \\
+d s t n r i a e o h '
+z x c f j k p , . /
+
+Q G M L W B Y U V : { } |
+D S T N R I A E O H \"
+Z X C F J K P < > ?
+" xah-fly-layout-diagrams)
+
+  (puthash "qwerty" "
+~ ! @ # $ % ^ & * ( ) _ +
+` 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 - =
+
+q w e r t y u i o p [ ] \\
+a s d f g h j k l ; '
+z x c v b n m , . /
+
+Q W E R T Y U I O P { } |
+A S D F G H J K L : \"
+Z X C V B N M < > ?
+" xah-fly-layout-diagrams)
+
+  (puthash "qwerty-abnt" "
+\" ! @ # $ % ^ & * ( ) _ +
+ ' 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 - =
+
+q w e r t y u i o p ´ [ ]
+a s d f g h j k l ç ~
+z x c v b n m , . ;
+
+Q W E R T Y U I O P ` + |
+A S D F G H J K L Ç ^
+Z X C V B N M < > :
+" xah-fly-layout-diagrams)
+
+  (puthash "qwerty-no" "
+§ ! \" # ¤ % & / ( ) = ? `
+| 1  2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 + \\
+
+q w e r t y u i o p å ¨ '
+a s d f g h j k l ø æ
+z x c v b n m , . -
+
+Q W E R T Y U I O P Å ^ *
+A S D F G H J K L Ø Æ
+Z X C V B N M < > _
+" xah-fly-layout-diagrams)
+
+  (puthash "qwerty-se" "
+§ ! \" # ¤ % & / ( ) = ? `
+| 1  2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 + \\
+
+q w e r t y u i o p å ¨ '
+a s d f g h j k l ö ä
+z x c v b n m , . -
+
+Q W E R T Y U I O P Å ^ *
+A S D F G H J K L Ö Ä
+Z X C V B N M < > _
+" xah-fly-layout-diagrams)
+
+  (puthash "qwertz" "
+~ ! @ # $ % ^ & * ( ) _ +
+` 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 - =
+
+q w e r t z u i o p [ ] \\
+a s d f g h j k l ; '
+y x c v b n m , . /
+
+Q W E R T Z U I O P { } |
+A S D F G H J K L : \"
+Y X C V B N M < > ?
+" xah-fly-layout-diagrams)
+
+  (puthash "qwpr" "
+~ ! @ # $ % ^ & * ( ) _ +
+` 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 - =
+
+q w p r f y u k l ; [ ] \\
+a s d t g h n i o e '
+z x c v b j m , . /
+
+Q W P R F Y U K L : { } |
+A S D T G H N I O E \"
+Z X C V B J M < > ?
+" xah-fly-layout-diagrams)
+
+  (puthash "russian" "
+Ё ! \" № ; % : ? * ( ) _ +
+ё 1  2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 - =
+
+й ц у к е н г ш щ з х ъ \\
+ф ы в а п р о л д ж э
+я ч с м и т ь б ю .
+
+Й Ц У К Е Н Г Ш Щ З Х Ъ |
+Ф Ы В А П Р О Л Д Ж Э
+Я Ч С М И Т Ь Б Ю ,
+" xah-fly-layout-diagrams)
+
+  (puthash "workman" "
+~ ! @ # $ % ^ & * ( ) _ +
+` 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 - =
+
+q d r w b j f u p ; [ ] \\
+a s h t g y n e o i '
+z x m c v k l , . /
+
+Q D R W B J F U P : { } |
+A S H T G Y N E O I \"
+Z X M C V K L < > ?
+" xah-fly-layout-diagrams))
+
+(defun xah-fly-create-key-conv-table (Layout1 Layout2)
+  "Takes two text diagrams Layout1 Layout2, return a hashtable.
+For remapping key from layout1 to layout2.
+
+example:
+
+Layout1 is a string. e.g.
+
+a b c d
+e f shift
+
+Layout2 is a string. e.g.
+
+a o e i
+m n ctrl
+
+return a hashtable, e.g.
+
+b → o
+c → e
+d → i
+e → m
+f → n
+shift → ctrl
+
+If the keys in layouts are the same, it's not in the table.
+
+Created: 2024-04-19
+Version: 2024-04-23"
+  (let (xkeys1 xkeys2 (xtable (make-hash-table :test 'equal)))
+    (setq xkeys1 (split-string Layout1 "[ \n]+" t))
+    (setq xkeys2 (split-string Layout2 "[ \n]+" t))
+    (when (not (eq (length xkeys1) (length xkeys2)))
+      (error "layout %s and %s lengths not same." (length Layout1) (length Layout2)))
+    (seq-mapn
+     (lambda (x y)
+       (if (string-equal x y)
+           nil
+         (puthash x y xtable)))
+     xkeys1 xkeys2)
+    xtable
+    ))
+
+;; (xah-fly-create-key-conv-table
+;;   (gethash "qwerty" xah-fly-layout-diagrams)
+;;   (gethash "dvorak" xah-fly-layout-diagrams))
+
+(defvar xah-fly-key-current-layout nil
+ "The current keyboard layout.
+Value is a key in `xah-fly-layout-diagrams'.
+Do not set this variable manually.
+Use `xah-fly-keys-set-layout' to set it.
+Default to qwerty.
+Version: 2022-10-22")
+
+(if xah-fly-key-current-layout nil (setq xah-fly-key-current-layout "qwerty"))
+
+(defvar xah-fly--key-convert-table nil
+  "A alist that's the conversion table from dvorak to current layout.
+Value is a hashtable.
+Created: 2019-02-12
+Version: 2024-04-22" )
+
+(setq
+ xah-fly--key-convert-table
+ (xah-fly-create-key-conv-table
+  (gethash "dvorak" xah-fly-layout-diagrams)
+  (gethash xah-fly-key-current-layout xah-fly-layout-diagrams)))
+
+(defun xah-fly--convert-key (Keystr)
+ "Return the corresponding Keystr according to variable `xah-fly--key-convert-table'.
+Keystr must be a string that is the valid argument to `kbd'.
+Keystr may be a single key, or key sequence separated by whitespaces.
+Created: 2022-10-25
+Version: 2024-04-22"
+  (interactive)
+  (mapconcat
+   'identity
+   (mapcar
+    (lambda (x)
+      (let ((xnew (gethash x xah-fly--key-convert-table)))
+        (if xnew xnew x)))
+    (split-string Keystr " +"))
+   " "))
+
+(defun xah-fly--define-keys (KeymapName KeyCmdAlist &optional Direct-p)
+  "Map `define-key' over a alist KeyCmdAlist, with key layout remap.
+The key is remapped from Dvorak to the current keyboard layout by `xah-fly--convert-key'.
+If Direct-p is t, do not remap key to current keyboard layout.
+Example usage:
+ (xah-fly--define-keys
+  (define-prefix-command \\='xyz-map)
+  \\='(
+    (\"h\" . highlight-symbol-at-point)
+    (\".\" . isearch-forward-symbol-at-point)
+    (\"w\" . isearch-forward-word)))
+Created: 2020-04-18
+Version: 2023-08-21"
+  (mapcar
+   (lambda (x)
+     (define-key
+      KeymapName
+      (kbd (if Direct-p (car x) (xah-fly--convert-key (car x))))
+      (cdr x)))
+   KeyCmdAlist))
+
+;; HHHH------------------------------
+;; keymaps
+
+(defvar xah-fly-key-map (make-sparse-keymap)
+ "If `xah-fly-insert-state-p' is true, point to `xah-fly-insert-map', else, points to `xah-fly-command-map'.")
+
+(defvar xah-fly-command-map (make-sparse-keymap)
+  "Keymap when in command mode.")
+
+(defvar xah-fly-insert-map (make-sparse-keymap)
+  "Keymap when in insert mode.")
+
+(defvar xah-fly--deactivate-command-mode-func nil)
+
+;; HHHH------------------------------
+;; setting keys
+
+(defun xah-fly-define-keys ()
+  "Define the keys for xah-fly-keys.
+Created: 2022-10-31
+Version: 2024-04-22"
+  (interactive)
+  (let ()
+
+    ;; Movement key integrations with built-in Emacs packages
+    (xah-fly--define-keys
+     indent-rigidly-map
+     '(("h" . indent-rigidly-left)
+       ("n" . indent-rigidly-right)))
+
+    (xah-fly--define-keys
+     xah-fly-command-map
+     '(("<escape>" . xah-fly-command-mode-activate)
+       ("<home>" . xah-fly-command-mode-activate)
+       ("<f8>" . xah-fly-command-mode-activate))
+     :direct)
+
+    (xah-fly--define-keys
+     xah-fly-insert-map
+     '(("<escape>" . xah-fly-command-mode-activate)
+       ("<home>" . xah-fly-command-mode-activate)
+       ("<f8>" . xah-fly-command-mode-activate))
+     :direct)
+
+    (when xah-fly-use-isearch-arrows
+      (xah-fly--define-keys
+       isearch-mode-map
+       '(("<up>" . isearch-ring-retreat)
+         ("<down>" . isearch-ring-advance)
+         ("<left>" . isearch-repeat-backward)
+         ("<right>" . isearch-repeat-forward)
+         ("C-v" . isearch-yank-kill))
+       :direct)
+      (xah-fly--define-keys
+       minibuffer-local-isearch-map
+       '(("<left>" . isearch-reverse-exit-minibuffer)
+         ("<right>" . isearch-forward-exit-minibuffer))
+       :direct))
+
+    (xah-fly--define-keys
+     (define-prefix-command 'xah-fly-leader-key-map)
+     '(("SPC" . xah-fly-insert-mode-activate)
+       ("RET" . execute-extended-command)
+
+       ("TAB" . nil)
+
+       ("TAB TAB" . indent-for-tab-command)
+
+       ("TAB i" . complete-symbol)
+       ("TAB g" . indent-rigidly)
+       ("TAB r" . indent-region)
+       ("TAB s" . indent-sexp)
+
+       (". ." . highlight-symbol-at-point)
+       (". g" . unhighlight-regexp)
+       (". c" . highlight-lines-matching-regexp)
+       (". h" . highlight-regexp)
+       (". t" . highlight-phrase)
+       (". e" . isearch-forward-symbol-at-point)
+       (". u" . isearch-forward-symbol)
+       (". p" . isearch-forward-word)
+
+       ("'" . xah-fill-or-unfill)
+
+       (", t" . xref-find-definitions)
+       (", n" . xref-pop-marker-stack)
+
+       ;; - / ; = [
+       ("\\" . toggle-input-method)
+       ;; `
+
+       ("3" . delete-window)
+       ("4" . split-window-right)
+       ("5" . balance-windows)
+       ("6" . xah-upcase-sentence)
+
+       ("9" . ispell-word)
+
+       ("a" . mark-whole-buffer)
+       ("b" . end-of-buffer)
+
+       ("c ," . xah-open-in-external-app)
+       ("c ." . find-file)
+       ("c c" . bookmark-bmenu-list)
+       ("c e" . ibuffer)
+       ("c f" . xah-open-recently-closed)
+       ("c g" . xah-open-in-terminal)
+       ("c h" . recentf-open-files)
+       ("c j" . xah-copy-file-path)
+       ("c l" . bookmark-set)
+       ("c n" . xah-new-empty-buffer)
+       ("c o" . xah-show-in-desktop)
+       ("c p" . xah-open-last-closed)
+       ("c r" . bookmark-jump)
+       ("c s" . write-file)
+       ("c u" . xah-open-file-at-cursor)
+       ("c x" . set-buffer-file-coding-system)
+       ("c y" . xah-list-recently-closed)
+       ("c z" . revert-buffer-with-coding-system)
+
+       ;; set-buffer-process-coding-system
+       ;; set-file-name-coding-system
+       ;; set-keyboard-coding-system
+       ;; set-language-environment
+       ;; set-next-selection-coding-system
+       ;; set-selection-coding-system
+       ;; set-terminal-coding-system
+       ;; universal-coding-system-argument
+
+       ("d" . beginning-of-buffer)
+
+       ("e 6" . xah-insert-white-corner-bracket『』)
+
+       ("e a" . xah-insert-double-angle-bracket《》)
+       ("e b" . xah-insert-black-lenticular-bracket【】)
+
+       ("e c r" . expand-region-abbrevs)
+       ("e c t" . edit-abbrevs)
+       ("e c u" . expand-abbrev)
+
+       ("e c g" . add-mode-abbrev)
+       ("e c c" . add-global-abbrev)
+       ("e c m" . inverse-add-mode-abbrev)
+       ("e c w" . inverse-add-global-abbrev)
+
+       ("e c f" . unexpand-abbrev)
+
+       ("e c h" . expand-jump-to-previous-slot)
+       ("e c n" . expand-jump-to-next-slot)
+       ("e c y" . abbrev-prefix-mark)
+
+       ("e d" . xah-insert-double-curly-quote“”)
+       ("e e" . xah-insert-unicode)
+       ("e f" . xah-insert-emacs-quote)
+       ("e g" . xah-insert-ascii-double-quote)
+
+       ("e h" . xah-insert-brace)
+       ("e i" . xah-insert-curly-single-quote‘’)
+       ("e j" . insert-char)
+       ("e k" . xah-insert-markdown-quote)
+       ("e l" . xah-insert-seperator)
+       ("e m" . xah-insert-corner-bracket「」)
+       ("e n" . xah-insert-square-bracket)
+       ("e o" . xah-insert-ascii-single-quote)
+       ("e p" . xah-insert-single-angle-quote‹›)
+       ("e q" . xah-insert-deco-angle-fat-bracket❰❱)
+       ("e r" . xah-insert-tortoise-shell-bracket〔〕)
+       ("e s" . xah-insert-ascii-angle-bracket)
+       ("e t" . xah-insert-paren)
+       ("e u" . xah-insert-date)
+       ("e v" . xah-insert-markdown-triple-quote)
+       ("e w" . xah-insert-angle-bracket〈〉)
+       ("e x" . xah-insert-white-lenticular-bracket〖〗)
+       ("e y" . xah-insert-double-angle-quote«»)
+       ("e z" . xah-insert-deco-angle-bracket❮❯)
+
+       ("f" . xah-search-current-word)
+       ("g" . xah-close-current-buffer)
+
+       ("h a" . apropos-command)
+       ("h b" . describe-bindings)
+       ("h c" . describe-char)
+       ("h d" . apropos-documentation)
+       ("h e" . view-echo-area-messages)
+       ("h f" . describe-face)
+       ("h g" . info-lookup-symbol)
+       ;; ("h h" . describe-function)
+       ("h i" . info)
+       ("h j" . man)
+       ("h k" . describe-key)
+       ("h l" . view-lossage)
+       ("h m" . describe-mode)
+       ("h n" . describe-variable)
+       ("h o" . describe-language-environment)
+       ;; p q
+       ("h r" . apropos-variable)
+       ("h s" . describe-syntax)
+       ("h t" . describe-function)
+       ("h u" . elisp-index-search)
+       ("h v" . apropos-value)
+       ("h x" . describe-command) ; emacs 28
+       ;; y
+       ("h z" . describe-coding-system)
+
+       ("i" . kill-line)
+       ("j" . xah-copy-all-or-region)
+       ("k" . xah-show-kill-ring)
+
+       ("l" . recenter-top-bottom)
+
+       ("m" . dired-jump)
+
+       ;; ("m e" . delete-other-windows)
+       ;; ("m u" . split-window-below)
+       ;; ("m w" . universal-argument)
+
+       ;; commands here are “harmless”, they don't modify text etc. they turn on modes, change display, prompt, start shell, etc.
+       ("n SPC" . whitespace-mode)
+       ("n ," . abbrev-mode)
+       ("n ." . toggle-frame-maximized)
+       ("n 1" . set-input-method)
+       ("n 2" . global-hl-line-mode)
+       ("n 4" . global-display-line-numbers-mode)
+       ("n 6" . calendar)
+       ("n 7" . calc)
+       ("n 9" . shell-command)
+       ("n 0" . shell-command-on-region)
+
+       ("n <up>" . xah-page-up)
+       ("n <down>" . xah-page-down)
+
+       ("n a" . text-scale-adjust)
+       ("n b" . toggle-debug-on-error)
+       ("n c" . toggle-case-fold-search)
+       ;; d
+       ("n e" . eshell)
+       ;; f
+       ("n g" . xah-toggle-read-novel-mode)
+       ("n h" . widen)
+       ("n i" . make-frame-command)
+       ("n j" . flyspell-buffer)
+       ("n k" . menu-bar-open)
+       ("n l" . toggle-word-wrap)
+       ("n m" . jump-to-register)
+       ("n n" . xah-narrow-to-region)
+       ("n o" . variable-pitch-mode)
+       ("n p" . read-only-mode)
+       ("n q" . enlarge-window)
+       ("n r" . count-words)
+       ("n s" . count-matches)
+       ("n t" . narrow-to-defun)
+       ("n u" . shell)
+       ("n v" . visual-line-mode)
+       ("n w" . eww)
+       ("n x" . save-some-buffers)
+       ("n y" . toggle-truncate-lines)
+       ("n z" . abort-recursive-edit)
+
+       ("o" . exchange-point-and-mark)
+       ("p" . query-replace)
+       ("q" . xah-cut-all-or-region)
+
+       ;; roughly text replacement related
+       ("r SPC" . rectangle-mark-mode)
+       ("r ," . apply-macro-to-region-lines)
+       ("r ." . kmacro-start-macro)
+       ("r /" . xah-slash-to-double-backslash)
+       ("r 3" . number-to-register)
+       ("r 4" . increment-register)
+
+       ;; a
+       ;; b
+       ("r c" . string-rectangle)
+       ("r d" . delete-rectangle)
+       ("r e" . call-last-kbd-macro)
+       ;; f
+
+       ("r h" . xah-change-bracket-pairs)
+       ("r i" . xah-space-to-newline)
+       ("r j" . copy-rectangle-to-register)
+       ("r k" . yank-rectangle)
+       ("r l" . clear-rectangle)
+       ("r m" . xah-slash-to-backslash)
+       ("r n" . rectangle-number-lines)
+       ("r o" . open-rectangle)
+       ("r p" . kmacro-end-macro)
+       ("r q" . kill-rectangle)
+
+       ;; r
+       ;; s
+
+       ;; kmacro-end-and-call-macro
+
+       ("r t RET" . #'kmacro-edit-macro)
+       ("r t SPC" . #'kmacro-step-edit-macro)
+       ("r t TAB" . #'kmacro-insert-counter)
+       ("r t a" . #'kmacro-add-counter)
+       ("r t b" . #'kmacro-bind-to-key)
+       ("r t c" . #'kmacro-set-counter)
+       ("r t d" . #'kmacro-redisplay)
+       ("r t e" . #'edit-kbd-macro)
+       ("r t f" . #'kmacro-set-format)
+       ("r t g" . #'kmacro-delete-ring-head)
+       ("r t h" . #'kmacro-edit-macro-repeat)
+       ("r t i" . #'kmacro-call-ring-2nd-repeat)
+       ("r t j" . #'kmacro-cycle-ring-next)
+       ("r t k" . #'kmacro-end-or-call-macro-repeat)
+       ("r t l" . #'kmacro-edit-lossage)
+
+       ("r t n" . #'kmacro-name-last-macro)
+       ("r t p" . #'kmacro-cycle-ring-previous)
+       ("r t q" . #'kbd-macro-query)
+
+       ("r t t" . #'kmacro-swap-ring)
+       ("r t v" . #'kmacro-view-macro-repeat)
+       ("r t x" . #'kmacro-to-register)
+
+       ("r u" . xah-quote-lines)
+       ;; v w
+       ("r x" . xah-double-backslash-to-slash)
+       ("r y" . delete-whitespace-rectangle)
+       ;; z
+
+       ("s" . save-buffer)
+
+       ;; most frequently used
+       ("t <up>"  . xah-move-block-up)
+       ("t <down>"  . xah-move-block-down)
+
+       ("t ," . sort-numeric-fields)
+       ("t ." . xah-sort-lines)
+       ("t 1" . xah-append-to-register-1)
+       ("t 2" . xah-clear-register-1)
+       ("t 3" . xah-copy-to-register-1)
+       ("t 4" . xah-paste-from-register-1)
+       ("t 7" . xah-append-to-register-1)
+       ("t 8" . xah-clear-register-1)
+       ;; a
+       ;; b
+
+       ("t c" . copy-matching-lines)
+       ("t d" . mark-defun)
+       ("t e" . list-matching-lines)
+       ("t f" . move-to-column)
+       ("t g" . goto-line)
+       ("t h" . repeat-complex-command)
+       ("t i" . delete-non-matching-lines)
+       ("t j" . copy-to-register)
+       ("t k" . insert-register)
+
+       ;; l
+       ("t m" . xah-make-backup-and-save)
+       ("t n" . goto-char)
+       ("t o" . xah-clean-whitespace)
+       ("t p" . query-replace-regexp)
+       ("t q" . xah-cut-text-in-quote)
+       ("t r" . xah-escape-quotes)
+
+       ("t s" . xah-reformat-to-sentence-lines)
+       ("t t" . repeat)
+       ("t u" . kill-matching-lines)
+
+       ("t w" . xah-next-window-or-frame)
+       ("t x" . xah-title-case-region-or-line)
+       ("t y" . delete-duplicate-lines)
+
+       ("u" . switch-to-buffer)
+       ("v" . universal-argument)
+
+       ;; dangerous map. run program, delete file, etc
+       ("w DEL" . xah-delete-current-file-make-backup)
+       ("w ." . eval-buffer)
+       ("w e" . eval-defun)
+       ("w m" . eval-last-sexp)
+       ("w p" . eval-expression)
+       ("w u" . eval-region)
+       ("w q" . save-buffers-kill-terminal)
+       ("w w" . delete-frame)
+       ("w j" . xah-run-current-file)
+
+       ("x" . xah-toggle-previous-letter-case)
+       ;; y
+
+       ;; vc command keys subject to change. need a frequency stat of the commands.
+
+       ("z b" . vc-root-diff)      ; D
+       ("z c" . vc-update)         ; git pull, +
+       ("z d" . vc-annotate)       ; g
+       ("z f" . vc-revert)         ; u
+       ("z g" . vc-push)           ; git push, P
+       ("z h" . vc-diff)           ; git diff, =
+       ("z l" . vc-print-root-log) ; L
+       ("z m" . vc-dir)            ; git status, C-x v d
+       ("z n" . vc-print-log)      ; git log, l
+       ("z r" . vc-merge)          ; m
+       ("z t" . vc-register)       ; git add, i
+       ("z z" . vc-next-action)    ; v
+
+       ("z 1" . vc-create-tag)            ; s
+       ("z 2" . vc-insert-headers)        ; h
+       ("z 4" . vc-retrieve-tag)          ; r
+       ("z 5" . vc-revision-other-window) ; ~
+       ("z 6" . vc-switch-backend)        ; b
+       ("z 7" . vc-update-change-log)     ; a
+
+       ;;
+       ))
+
+    (xah-fly--define-keys
+     xah-fly-command-map
+     '(("SPC" . xah-fly-leader-key-map)
+       ("'" . xah-reformat-lines)
+       ("," . xah-shrink-whitespaces)
+       ("-" . delete-other-windows)
+       ("." . backward-kill-word)
+       ("/" . hippie-expand)
+       (";" . xah-comment-dwim)
+       ("[" . split-window-below)
+       ("\\" . xah-cycle-hyphen-lowline-space)
+       ;; ("]" . split-window-right)
+       ("`" . other-frame)
+
+       ("1" . xah-backward-punct)
+       ("2" . xah-forward-punct)
+       ("3" . delete-other-windows)
+       ("4" . split-window-below)
+       ("5" . delete-char)
+       ("6" . xah-select-block)
+       ("7" . xah-select-line)
+       ("8" . xah-extend-selection)
+       ("9" . xah-select-text-in-quote)
+       ("0" . xah-pop-local-mark-ring)
+
+       ("a" . execute-extended-command)
+       ("b" . isearch-forward)
+       ("c" . previous-line)
+       ("d" . xah-beginning-of-line-or-block)
+       ("e" . xah-smart-delete)
+       ("f" . undo)
+       ("g" . backward-word)
+       ("h" . backward-char)
+       ("i" . xah-delete-current-text-block)
+       ("j" . xah-copy-line-or-region)
+       ("k" . xah-paste-or-paste-previous)
+       ;; ("l" . xah-fly-insert-mode-activate-space-before)
+       ("l" . xah-insert-space-before)
+       ("m" . xah-backward-left-bracket)
+       ("n" . forward-char)
+       ("o" . open-line)
+       ("p" . kill-word)
+       ("q" . xah-cut-line-or-region)
+       ("r" . forward-word)
+       ("s" . xah-end-of-line-or-block)
+       ("t" . next-line)
+       ("u" . xah-fly-insert-mode-activate)
+       ("v" . xah-forward-right-bracket)
+       ("w" . xah-next-window-or-frame)
+       ("x" . xah-toggle-letter-case)
+       ("y" . set-mark-command)
+       ("z" . xah-goto-matching-bracket)))
+
+    ;;
+    ))
+
+(xah-fly-define-keys)
+
+;; HHHH------------------------------
+;; set control meta, etc keys
+
+(defcustom xah-fly-unset-useless-key t
+  "If true, unbind many obsolete or useless or redundant
+  keybinding. e.g. <help>, <f1>."
+  :type 'boolean)
+
+(when xah-fly-unset-useless-key
+  (global-set-key (kbd "<help>") nil)
+  (global-set-key (kbd "<f1>") nil))
+
+(when xah-fly-use-meta-key
+
+  (global-set-key (kbd "M-<home>") nil) ; beginning-of-buffer-other-window
+  (global-set-key (kbd "M-<end>") nil) ; end-of-buffer-other-window
+
+  (global-set-key (kbd "M-SPC") #'xah-fly-command-mode-activate)
+  (global-set-key (kbd "M-\\") nil) ; delete-horizontal-space
+  (global-set-key (kbd "M-!") nil)  ; shell-command
+  (global-set-key (kbd "M-$") nil)  ; ispell-word
+  (global-set-key (kbd "M-%") nil)  ; query-replace
+  (global-set-key (kbd "M-&") nil)  ; async-shell-command
+  (global-set-key (kbd "M-'") nil)  ; abbrev-prefix-mark
+  (global-set-key (kbd "M-(") nil)  ; insert-parentheses
+  (global-set-key (kbd "M-)") nil)  ; move-past-close-and-reindent
+  ;; (global-set-key (kbd "M-,") nil) ; xref-pop-marker-stack
+  ;; (global-set-key (kbd "M-.") nil) ; xref-find-definitions
+  (global-set-key (kbd "M-/") nil) ; dabbrev-expand
+  (global-set-key (kbd "M-:") nil) ; eval-expression
+  ;; (global-set-key (kbd "M-;") nil) ; comment-dwim
+  (global-set-key (kbd "M-<") nil) ; beginning-of-buffer
+  (global-set-key (kbd "M-=") nil) ; count-words-region
+  (global-set-key (kbd "M->") nil) ; end-of-buffer
+  ;; (global-set-key (kbd "M-?") nil) ; xref-find-references
+  (global-set-key (kbd "M-@") nil) ; mark-word
+  (global-set-key (kbd "M-^") nil) ; delete-indentation
+  (global-set-key (kbd "M-`") nil) ; tmm-menubar
+  (global-set-key (kbd "M-a") nil) ; backward-sentence
+  (global-set-key (kbd "M-b") nil) ; backward-word
+  (global-set-key (kbd "M-c") nil) ; capitalize-word
+  (global-set-key (kbd "M-d") nil) ;  kill-word
+  (global-set-key (kbd "M-e") nil) ; forward-sentence
+  (global-set-key (kbd "M-f") nil) ; forward-word
+  (global-set-key (kbd "M-g") nil) ; Prefix Command
+  (global-set-key (kbd "M-h") nil) ; mark-paragraph
+  (global-set-key (kbd "M-i") nil) ; tab-to-tab-stop
+  (global-set-key (kbd "M-j") nil) ; default-indent-new-line
+  (global-set-key (kbd "M-k") nil) ; kill-sentence
+  (global-set-key (kbd "M-l") nil) ; downcase-word
+  (global-set-key (kbd "M-m") nil) ; back-to-indentation
+  (global-set-key (kbd "M-o") nil) ; facemenu-keymap
+  (global-set-key (kbd "M-q") nil) ; fill-paragraph
+  (global-set-key (kbd "M-r") nil) ; move-to-window-line-top-bottom
+  (global-set-key (kbd "M-s") nil) ; Prefix Command
+  (global-set-key (kbd "M-t") nil) ; transpose-words
+  (global-set-key (kbd "M-u") nil) ; upcase-word
+  (global-set-key (kbd "M-v") nil) ; scroll-down-command
+  (global-set-key (kbd "M-w") nil) ; kill-ring-save
+  ;; (global-set-key (kbd "M-x") nil) ; execute-extended-command
+  ;; (global-set-key (kbd "M-y") nil) ; yank-pop
+  (global-set-key (kbd "M-z") nil)   ; zap-to-char
+  (global-set-key (kbd "M-{") nil)   ; backward-paragraph
+  (global-set-key (kbd "M-|") nil)   ; shell-command-on-region
+  (global-set-key (kbd "M-}") nil)   ; forward-paragraph
+  (global-set-key (kbd "M-~") nil)   ; not-modified
+  (global-set-key (kbd "M-DEL") nil) ; backward-kill-word
+  )
+
+(when xah-fly-use-control-key
+
+  (global-set-key (kbd "<C-S-prior>") #'xah-previous-emacs-buffer)
+  (global-set-key (kbd "<C-S-next>") #'xah-next-emacs-buffer)
+
+  (global-set-key (kbd "<C-tab>") #'xah-next-user-buffer)
+  (global-set-key (kbd "<C-S-tab>") #'xah-previous-user-buffer)
+  (global-set-key (kbd "<C-S-iso-lefttab>") #'xah-previous-user-buffer)
+
+  (global-set-key (kbd "<C-prior>") #'xah-previous-user-buffer)
+  (global-set-key (kbd "<C-next>") #'xah-next-user-buffer)
+
+  ;; (global-set-key (kbd "C-1") nil)
+  (global-set-key (kbd "C-2") #'pop-global-mark)
+  (global-set-key (kbd "C-3") #'previous-error)
+  (global-set-key (kbd "C-4") #'next-error)
+  (global-set-key (kbd "C-5") #'xah-previous-emacs-buffer)
+  (global-set-key (kbd "C-6") #'xah-next-emacs-buffer)
+  (global-set-key (kbd "C-7") #'xah-previous-user-buffer)
+  (global-set-key (kbd "C-8") #'xah-next-user-buffer)
+  (global-set-key (kbd "C-9") #'xah-page-up)
+  (global-set-key (kbd "C-0") #'xah-page-down)
+
+  (global-set-key (kbd "C--") #'text-scale-decrease)
+  (global-set-key (kbd "C-=") #'text-scale-increase)
+
+  (global-set-key (kbd "C-SPC") #'xah-fly-command-mode-activate)
+
+  (global-set-key (kbd "C-S-n") #'make-frame-command)
+  (global-set-key (kbd "C-S-s") #'write-file)
+  (global-set-key (kbd "C-S-t") #'xah-open-last-closed)
+
+  ;; (global-set-key (kbd "C-@") nil)
+
+  (global-set-key (kbd "C-a") #'mark-whole-buffer)
+  (global-set-key (kbd "C-b") nil)
+  ;; (global-set-key (kbd "C-c") nil)
+  (global-set-key (kbd "C-d") nil)
+  (global-set-key (kbd "C-e") nil)
+  (global-set-key (kbd "C-f") nil)
+  ;; (global-set-key (kbd "C-g") nil) ; cancel
+  ;; (global-set-key (kbd "C-h") nil) ; help
+  ;; (global-set-key (kbd "C-i") nil) ; tab
+  ;; (global-set-key (kbd "C-j") nil) ; newline
+  (global-set-key (kbd "C-k") nil)
+  (global-set-key (kbd "C-l") nil)
+  ;; (global-set-key (kbd "C-m") nil) ; newline
+  (global-set-key (kbd "C-n") #'xah-new-empty-buffer)
+  (global-set-key (kbd "C-o") #'find-file)
+  (global-set-key (kbd "C-p") nil)
+  ;; (global-set-key (kbd "C-q") nil) ; quoted-insert
+  ;; (global-set-key (kbd "C-r") nil)
+  (global-set-key (kbd "C-s") #'save-buffer)
+  (global-set-key (kbd "C-t") #'hippie-expand)
+  ;; (global-set-key (kbd "C-u") nil) ; universal-argument
+  (global-set-key (kbd "C-v") #'yank)
+  (global-set-key (kbd "C-w") #'xah-close-current-buffer)
+  (global-set-key (kbd "C-x") nil) ; c-x map
+  (global-set-key (kbd "C-y") #'undo-redo) ; emacs 28
+  (global-set-key (kbd "C-z") #'undo)
+  ;;
+  )
+
+  (global-set-key (kbd "<f7>") 'xah-fly-leader-key-map)
+
+;; HHHH------------------------------
+
+(when (< emacs-major-version 28)
+  (defalias 'execute-extended-command-for-buffer #'execute-extended-command))
+
+;; HHHH------------------------------
+;;;; misc
+
+;; the following have keys in gnu emacs, but i decided not to give them a key, because either they are rarely used (say, 95% of emacs users use them less than once a month ), or there is a more efficient command/workflow with key in xah-fly-keys
+
+;; C-x $   →   set-selective-display
+;; C-x *   →   calc-dispatch
+;; C-x -   →   shrink-window-if-larger-than-buffer
+;; C-x .   →   set-fill-prefix
+;; C-x 4 .   →   find-tag-other-window
+;; C-x 4 0   →   kill-buffer-and-window
+;; C-x 4 C-o   →   display-buffer
+;; C-x 4 a   →   add-change-log-entry-other-window
+;; C-x 4 b   →   switch-to-buffer-other-window
+;; C-x 4 c   →   clone-indirect-buffer-other-window
+;; C-x 4 d   →   dired-other-window
+;; C-x 4 f   →   find-file-other-window
+;; C-x 4 m   →   compose-mail-other-window
+;; C-x 4 r   →   find-file-read-only-other-window
+;; C-x 5 .		xref-find-definitions-other-frame
+;; C-x 5 1		delete-other-frames
+;; C-x 5 5		other-frame-prefix
+;; C-x 5 C-o	display-buffer-other-frame
+;; C-x 5 b		switch-to-buffer-other-frame
+;; C-x 5 c		clone-frame
+;; C-x 5 d		dired-other-frame
+;; C-x 5 f		find-file-other-frame
+;; C-x 5 m		compose-mail-other-frame
+;; C-x 5 p		project-other-frame-command
+;; C-x 5 r		find-file-read-only-other-frame
+;; C-x 5 u		undelete-frame
+;; C-x 6 2   →   2C-two-columns
+;; C-x 6 b   →   2C-associate-buffer
+;; C-x 6 s   →   2C-split
+;; C-x ;   →   comment-set-column
+;; C-x <   →   scroll-left
+;; C-x =   →   what-cursor-position, use describe-char instead
+;; C-x >   →   scroll-right
+;; C-x C-d   →   list-directory
+;; C-x C-l   →   downcase-region
+;; C-x C-n   →   set-goal-column
+;; C-x C-o   →   delete-blank-lines
+;; C-x C-p   →   mark-page
+;; C-x C-r   →   find-file-read-only
+;; C-x C-t   →   transpose-lines
+;; C-x C-u   →   upcase-region
+;; C-x C-v   →   find-alternate-file
+;; C-x C-z   →   suspend-frame
+;; C-x DEL   →   backward-kill-sentence
+;; C-x ESC   →   Prefix Command
+;; C-x [   →   backward-page
+;; C-x ]   →   forward-page
+;; C-x f   →   set-fill-column
+;; C-x i   →   insert-file
+;; C-x k   →   kill-buffer
+;; C-x l   →   count-lines-page
+;; C-x m   →   compose-mail
+;; C-x n g		goto-line-relative
+;; C-x n p		narrow-to-page
+;; C-x r M		bookmark-set-no-overwrite
+;; C-x r M-w	copy-rectangle-as-kill
+;; C-x r SPC	point-to-register
+;; C-x r f		frameset-to-register
+;; C-x r j		jump-to-register
+;; C-x r w		window-configuration-to-register
+;; C-x {   →   shrink-window-horizontally
+;; C-x }   →   enlarge-window-horizontally
+
+;; HHHH------------------------------
+
+(defvar xah-fly-insert-state-p t "non-nil means insertion mode is on.")
+
+(defun xah-fly--update-key-map ()
+  (setq xah-fly-key-map (if xah-fly-insert-state-p
+                            xah-fly-insert-map
+                          xah-fly-command-map)))
+
+(defun xah-fly-keys-set-layout (Layout)
+  "Set a keyboard layout.
+Argument must be one of the key name in `xah-fly-layout-diagrams'
+Created: 2021-05-19
+Version: 2024-05-23"
+  (interactive
+   (list
+    (completing-read
+     "Choose a layout: "
+     (seq-sort 'string< (hash-table-keys xah-fly-layout-diagrams))
+     nil t)))
+  (let ((xold xah-fly-key-current-layout)
+        (xkeydiagram (gethash Layout xah-fly-layout-diagrams)))
+    (when (not xkeydiagram)
+      (user-error
+       "xah-fly-keys-set-layout error: layout must be one of string:\n%s"
+       (mapconcat 'identity (hash-table-keys xah-fly-layout-diagrams) "\n")))
+    (setq xah-fly-key-current-layout Layout)
+    (setq
+     xah-fly--key-convert-table
+     (xah-fly-create-key-conv-table
+      (gethash "dvorak" xah-fly-layout-diagrams)
+      xkeydiagram))
+    (when (not (equal xold Layout)) (xah-fly-define-keys))))
+
+(defun xah-fly-space-key ()
+  "Switch to command mode if the char before cursor is a space.
+experimental
+Version: 2018-05-07"
+  (interactive)
+  (if (eq (char-before ) 32)
+      (xah-fly-command-mode-activate)
+    (insert " ")))
+
+(defun xah-fly-command-mode-init ()
+  "Set command mode keys.
+Version: 2022-07-06"
+  (interactive)
+  (setq xah-fly-insert-state-p nil)
+  (xah-fly--update-key-map)
+  (when xah-fly--deactivate-command-mode-func
+    (funcall xah-fly--deactivate-command-mode-func))
+  (setq xah-fly--deactivate-command-mode-func
+        (set-transient-map xah-fly-command-map (lambda () t)))
+  (modify-all-frames-parameters (list (cons 'cursor-type 'box)))
+  ;; (set-face-background 'cursor "red")
+  (setq mode-line-front-space xah-fly-command-mode-indicator)
+  (force-mode-line-update))
+
+(defun xah-fly-insert-mode-init (&optional no-indication)
+  "Enter insertion mode."
+  (interactive)
+  (setq xah-fly-insert-state-p t)
+  (xah-fly--update-key-map)
+  (funcall xah-fly--deactivate-command-mode-func)
+  (unless no-indication
+    (modify-all-frames-parameters '((cursor-type . bar)))
+    ;; (set-face-background 'cursor "black")
+    (setq mode-line-front-space xah-fly-insert-mode-indicator))
+  (force-mode-line-update))
+
+(defun xah-fly-mode-toggle ()
+  "Switch between {insertion, command} modes."
+  (interactive)
+  (if xah-fly-insert-state-p
+      (xah-fly-command-mode-activate)
+    (xah-fly-insert-mode-activate)))
+
+(defun xah-fly-save-buffer-if-file ()
+  "Save current buffer if it is a file."
+  (interactive)
+  (when buffer-file-name
+    (save-buffer)))
+
+(defun xah-fly-command-mode-activate ()
+  "Activate command mode and run `xah-fly-command-mode-activate-hook'
+Version: 2017-07-07"
+  (interactive)
+  (xah-fly-command-mode-init)
+  (run-hooks 'xah-fly-command-mode-activate-hook))
+
+(defun xah-fly-command-mode-activate-no-hook ()
+  "Activate command mode. Does not run `xah-fly-command-mode-activate-hook'
+Version: 2017-07-07"
+  (interactive)
+  (xah-fly-command-mode-init))
+
+(defun xah-fly-insert-mode-activate ()
+  "Activate insertion mode.
+Version: 2017-07-07"
+  (interactive)
+  (xah-fly-insert-mode-init)
+  (run-hooks 'xah-fly-insert-mode-activate-hook))
+
+(defun xah-fly-insert-mode-activate-newline ()
+  "Activate insertion mode, insert newline below."
+  (interactive)
+  (xah-fly-insert-mode-activate)
+  (open-line 1))
+
+(defun xah-fly-insert-mode-activate-space-before ()
+  "Insert a space, then activate insertion mode."
+  (interactive)
+  (insert " ")
+  (xah-fly-insert-mode-activate))
+
+(defun xah-fly-insert-mode-activate-space-after ()
+  "Insert a space, then activate insertion mode."
+  (interactive)
+  (insert " ")
+  (xah-fly-insert-mode-activate)
+  (left-char))
+
+;; HHHH------------------------------
+
+;;;###autoload
+(define-minor-mode xah-fly-keys
+  "A modal keybinding set, like vim, but based on ergonomic
+  principles, like Dvorak layout.
+
+URL `http://xahlee.info/emacs/misc/xah-fly-keys.html'"
+  :global t
+  :lighter " xflykeys"
+  :keymap xah-fly-insert-map
+  (delete-selection-mode 1)
+  (setq shift-select-mode nil)
+
+  (if xah-fly-keys
+      ;; Construction:
+      (progn
+        (add-hook 'minibuffer-setup-hook 'xah-fly-insert-mode-activate)
+        (add-hook 'minibuffer-exit-hook 'xah-fly-command-mode-activate)
+        (add-hook 'isearch-mode-end-hook 'xah-fly-command-mode-activate)
+        (xah-fly-command-mode-activate))
+    (progn
+      ;; Teardown:
+      (remove-hook 'minibuffer-setup-hook 'xah-fly-insert-mode-activate)
+      (remove-hook 'minibuffer-exit-hook 'xah-fly-command-mode-activate)
+      (remove-hook 'isearch-mode-end-hook 'xah-fly-command-mode-activate)
+      (xah-fly-insert-mode-init :no-indication)
+      (setq mode-line-front-space '(:eval (if (display-graphic-p) " " "-")))
+
+      ;;
+      )))
+
+(provide 'xah-fly-keys)
+
+;;; xah-fly-keys.el ends here
diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
index 535cc5c..da29290 100644
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -4,3 +4,6 @@
 .config/JetBrains/*/license
 .config/JetBrains/*.iml
 .config/JetBrains/*/.lock
+.emacs.d/auto-save-list
+.emacs.d/eln-cache
+.emacs.d/elpa