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[Gold IV] Title: 알파벳, Time: 856 ms, Memory: 2024 KB -BaekjoonHub
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# [Gold IV] 알파벳 - 1987 | ||
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[문제 링크](https://www.acmicpc.net/problem/1987) | ||
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### 성능 요약 | ||
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메모리: 2024 KB, 시간: 856 ms | ||
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### 분류 | ||
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백트래킹, 깊이 우선 탐색, 그래프 이론, 그래프 탐색 | ||
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### 제출 일자 | ||
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2024년 5월 12일 00:19:16 | ||
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### 문제 설명 | ||
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<p>세로 <mjx-container class="MathJax" jax="CHTML" style="font-size: 109%; position: relative;"><mjx-math class="MJX-TEX" aria-hidden="true"><mjx-mi class="mjx-i"><mjx-c class="mjx-c1D445 TEX-I"></mjx-c></mjx-mi></mjx-math><mjx-assistive-mml unselectable="on" display="inline"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>R</mi></math></mjx-assistive-mml><span aria-hidden="true" class="no-mathjax mjx-copytext">$R$</span></mjx-container>칸, 가로 <mjx-container class="MathJax" jax="CHTML" style="font-size: 109%; position: relative;"><mjx-math class="MJX-TEX" aria-hidden="true"><mjx-mi class="mjx-i"><mjx-c class="mjx-c1D436 TEX-I"></mjx-c></mjx-mi></mjx-math><mjx-assistive-mml unselectable="on" display="inline"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>C</mi></math></mjx-assistive-mml><span aria-hidden="true" class="no-mathjax mjx-copytext">$C$</span></mjx-container>칸으로 된 표 모양의 보드가 있다. 보드의 각 칸에는 대문자 알파벳이 하나씩 적혀 있고, 좌측 상단 칸 (<mjx-container class="MathJax" jax="CHTML" style="font-size: 109%; position: relative;"><mjx-math class="MJX-TEX" aria-hidden="true"><mjx-mn class="mjx-n"><mjx-c class="mjx-c31"></mjx-c></mjx-mn></mjx-math><mjx-assistive-mml unselectable="on" display="inline"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>1</mn></math></mjx-assistive-mml><span aria-hidden="true" class="no-mathjax mjx-copytext">$1$</span></mjx-container>행 <mjx-container class="MathJax" jax="CHTML" style="font-size: 109%; position: relative;"><mjx-math class="MJX-TEX" aria-hidden="true"><mjx-mn class="mjx-n"><mjx-c class="mjx-c31"></mjx-c></mjx-mn></mjx-math><mjx-assistive-mml unselectable="on" display="inline"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>1</mn></math></mjx-assistive-mml><span aria-hidden="true" class="no-mathjax mjx-copytext">$1$</span></mjx-container>열) 에는 말이 놓여 있다.</p> | ||
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<p>말은 상하좌우로 인접한 네 칸 중의 한 칸으로 이동할 수 있는데, 새로 이동한 칸에 적혀 있는 알파벳은 지금까지 지나온 모든 칸에 적혀 있는 알파벳과는 달라야 한다. 즉, 같은 알파벳이 적힌 칸을 두 번 지날 수 없다.</p> | ||
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<p>좌측 상단에서 시작해서, 말이 최대한 몇 칸을 지날 수 있는지를 구하는 프로그램을 작성하시오. 말이 지나는 칸은 좌측 상단의 칸도 포함된다.</p> | ||
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### 입력 | ||
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<p>첫째 줄에 <mjx-container class="MathJax" jax="CHTML" style="font-size: 109%; position: relative;"><mjx-math class="MJX-TEX" aria-hidden="true"><mjx-mi class="mjx-i"><mjx-c class="mjx-c1D445 TEX-I"></mjx-c></mjx-mi></mjx-math><mjx-assistive-mml unselectable="on" display="inline"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>R</mi></math></mjx-assistive-mml><span aria-hidden="true" class="no-mathjax mjx-copytext">$R$</span></mjx-container>과 <mjx-container class="MathJax" jax="CHTML" style="font-size: 109%; position: relative;"><mjx-math class="MJX-TEX" aria-hidden="true"><mjx-mi class="mjx-i"><mjx-c class="mjx-c1D436 TEX-I"></mjx-c></mjx-mi></mjx-math><mjx-assistive-mml unselectable="on" display="inline"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>C</mi></math></mjx-assistive-mml><span aria-hidden="true" class="no-mathjax mjx-copytext">$C$</span></mjx-container>가 빈칸을 사이에 두고 주어진다. (<mjx-container class="MathJax" jax="CHTML" style="font-size: 109%; position: relative;"><mjx-math class="MJX-TEX" aria-hidden="true"><mjx-mn class="mjx-n"><mjx-c class="mjx-c31"></mjx-c></mjx-mn><mjx-mo class="mjx-n" space="4"><mjx-c class="mjx-c2264"></mjx-c></mjx-mo><mjx-mi class="mjx-i" space="4"><mjx-c class="mjx-c1D445 TEX-I"></mjx-c></mjx-mi><mjx-mo class="mjx-n"><mjx-c class="mjx-c2C"></mjx-c></mjx-mo><mjx-mi class="mjx-i" space="2"><mjx-c class="mjx-c1D436 TEX-I"></mjx-c></mjx-mi><mjx-mo class="mjx-n" space="4"><mjx-c class="mjx-c2264"></mjx-c></mjx-mo><mjx-mn class="mjx-n" space="4"><mjx-c class="mjx-c32"></mjx-c><mjx-c class="mjx-c30"></mjx-c></mjx-mn></mjx-math><mjx-assistive-mml unselectable="on" display="inline"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>1</mn><mo>≤</mo><mi>R</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>C</mi><mo>≤</mo><mn>20</mn></math></mjx-assistive-mml><span aria-hidden="true" class="no-mathjax mjx-copytext">$1 ≤ R,C ≤ 20$</span></mjx-container>) 둘째 줄부터 <mjx-container class="MathJax" jax="CHTML" style="font-size: 109%; position: relative;"><mjx-math class="MJX-TEX" aria-hidden="true"><mjx-mi class="mjx-i"><mjx-c class="mjx-c1D445 TEX-I"></mjx-c></mjx-mi></mjx-math><mjx-assistive-mml unselectable="on" display="inline"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>R</mi></math></mjx-assistive-mml><span aria-hidden="true" class="no-mathjax mjx-copytext">$R$</span></mjx-container>개의 줄에 걸쳐서 보드에 적혀 있는 <mjx-container class="MathJax" jax="CHTML" style="font-size: 109%; position: relative;"><mjx-math class="MJX-TEX" aria-hidden="true"><mjx-mi class="mjx-i"><mjx-c class="mjx-c1D436 TEX-I"></mjx-c></mjx-mi></mjx-math><mjx-assistive-mml unselectable="on" display="inline"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>C</mi></math></mjx-assistive-mml><span aria-hidden="true" class="no-mathjax mjx-copytext">$C$</span></mjx-container>개의 대문자 알파벳들이 빈칸 없이 주어진다.</p> | ||
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### 출력 | ||
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<p>첫째 줄에 말이 지날 수 있는 최대의 칸 수를 출력한다.</p> | ||
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#include <iostream> | ||
#include <algorithm> | ||
#include <vector> | ||
using namespace std; | ||
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vector<vector<char>> map; | ||
vector<bool> alpha; | ||
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int r, c; | ||
int dx[4] = {1, -1, 0, 0}; | ||
int dy[4] = {0, 0, 1, -1}; | ||
int result = 0; | ||
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void dfs(int x, int y, int depth) { | ||
result = max(result, depth); | ||
for (int j = 0; j < 4; j++) { | ||
int nx = x + dx[j], ny = y + dy[j]; | ||
if (nx < 0 || nx >= r || ny < 0 || ny >= c || alpha[map[nx][ny] - 'A']) { | ||
continue; | ||
} | ||
alpha[map[nx][ny] - 'A'] = true; | ||
dfs(nx, ny, depth+1); | ||
alpha[map[nx][ny] - 'A'] = false; | ||
} | ||
} | ||
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int main() { | ||
ios_base::sync_with_stdio(0); | ||
cin.tie(0); | ||
//freopen("input.txt", "r", stdin); | ||
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cin >> r >> c; | ||
map.assign(r, vector<char>(c, 0)); | ||
alpha.assign(26, false); | ||
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for (int i = 0; i < r; i++) { | ||
for (int j = 0; j < c; j++) { | ||
cin >> map[i][j]; | ||
} | ||
} | ||
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alpha[map[0][0] - 'A'] = true; | ||
dfs(0, 0, 1); | ||
cout << result; | ||
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return 0; | ||
} |