From ab7e728811016e9b79bf234a7ccb0b5160a0ec55 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: proneon267 <proneon267@gmail.com>
Date: Sat, 20 Jan 2024 17:57:44 -0800
Subject: [PATCH 01/30] Fixed handling of NSImage by cocoa Image backend

---
 cocoa/src/toga_cocoa/images.py | 12 ++++++------
 1 file changed, 6 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/cocoa/src/toga_cocoa/images.py b/cocoa/src/toga_cocoa/images.py
index 034f5ba581..0a6efe440f 100644
--- a/cocoa/src/toga_cocoa/images.py
+++ b/cocoa/src/toga_cocoa/images.py
@@ -55,13 +55,13 @@ def get_height(self):
         return self.native.size.height
 
     def get_data(self):
-        return nsdata_to_bytes(
-            NSBitmapImageRep.representationOfImageRepsInArray(
-                self.native.representations,
-                usingType=NSBitmapImageFileType.PNG,
-                properties=None,
-            )
+        bitmap_rep = NSBitmapImageRep.imageRepWithData_(
+            self.native.TIFFRepresentation
+        )  # Using NSImage.TIFFRepresentation as it is documented.
+        image_data = bitmap_rep.representationUsingType(
+            NSBitmapImageFileType.PNG, properties=None
         )
+        return nsdata_to_bytes(image_data)
 
     def save(self, path):
         path = Path(path)

From a282e2195285d70bb552454ae0c8b2db66427497 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: proneon267 <proneon267@gmail.com>
Date: Sat, 20 Jan 2024 18:13:29 -0800
Subject: [PATCH 02/30] Added changelog

---
 changes/2355.bugfix.rst | 1 +
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)
 create mode 100644 changes/2355.bugfix.rst

diff --git a/changes/2355.bugfix.rst b/changes/2355.bugfix.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..070552fbc1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changes/2355.bugfix.rst
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+`toga.Image()` can now handle `NSImage` correctly.

From a26d1c56472d24668913587c77d4a18bc950c3e5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: proneon267 <proneon267@gmail.com>
Date: Sun, 21 Jan 2024 00:11:01 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 03/30] Fixed `App.current_window` on Gtk

---
 gtk/src/toga_gtk/app.py | 3 ++-
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/gtk/src/toga_gtk/app.py b/gtk/src/toga_gtk/app.py
index 6b44181fac..4d01f4e6ff 100644
--- a/gtk/src/toga_gtk/app.py
+++ b/gtk/src/toga_gtk/app.py
@@ -222,7 +222,8 @@ def exit(self):  # pragma: no cover
         self.native.quit()
 
     def get_current_window(self):
-        return self.native.get_active_window()._impl
+        current_window = self.native.get_active_window()._impl
+        return current_window if current_window.interface.visible else None
 
     def set_current_window(self, window):
         window._impl.native.present()

From 55893a526fb62dda9aa1f7dd6855d163a393da4d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: proneon267 <proneon267@gmail.com>
Date: Sun, 21 Jan 2024 00:29:39 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 04/30] Added changelog

---
 changes/2211.bugfix.rst | 1 +
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)
 create mode 100644 changes/2211.bugfix.rst

diff --git a/changes/2211.bugfix.rst b/changes/2211.bugfix.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..dd26dd9947
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changes/2211.bugfix.rst
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+`App.current_window` on Gtk now returns `None` when all windows are hidden.

From 058ae40e89505954732b674d87f331428617de0b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: proneon267 <45512885+proneon267@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sun, 21 Jan 2024 05:18:43 -0800
Subject: [PATCH 05/30] Empty commit for CI


From 248ecc638765d89b8caa67980b1040ed1bf30170 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "dependabot[bot]" <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sun, 21 Jan 2024 20:25:24 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 06/30] Bump actions/upload-artifact from 4.1.0 to 4.2.0

Bumps [actions/upload-artifact](https://github.com/actions/upload-artifact) from 4.1.0 to 4.2.0.
- [Release notes](https://github.com/actions/upload-artifact/releases)
- [Commits](https://github.com/actions/upload-artifact/compare/v4.1.0...v4.2.0)

---
updated-dependencies:
- dependency-name: actions/upload-artifact
  dependency-type: direct:production
  update-type: version-update:semver-minor
...

Signed-off-by: dependabot[bot] <support@github.com>
---
 .github/workflows/ci.yml | 8 ++++----
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci.yml b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
index f4340bcbea..61d6b37b4f 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/ci.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ jobs:
         TOGA_INSTALL_COMMAND="python -m pip install ../$(ls core/dist/toga_core-*.whl)[dev] ../$(ls dummy/dist/toga_dummy-*.whl)" tox -e py
         mv core/.coverage core/.coverage.${{ matrix.platform }}.${{ matrix.python-version }}
     - name: Store coverage data
-      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4.1.0
+      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4.2.0
       with:
         name: core-coverage-data-${{ matrix.platform }}-${{ matrix.python-version }}
         path: "core/.coverage.*"
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ jobs:
         python -m coverage html --skip-covered --skip-empty
         python -m coverage report --rcfile ../pyproject.toml --fail-under=100
     - name: Upload HTML report if check failed.
-      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4.1.0
+      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4.2.0
       if: failure()
       with:
         name: html-coverage-report
@@ -232,7 +232,7 @@ jobs:
       run: ${{ matrix.briefcase-run-prefix }} briefcase run ${{ matrix.backend }} --test ${{ matrix.briefcase-run-args }}
 
     - name: Upload logs
-      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4.1.0
+      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4.2.0
       if: failure()
       with:
         name: testbed-failure-logs-${{ matrix.backend }}
@@ -245,7 +245,7 @@ jobs:
         cp -r "${{ matrix.app-user-data-path }}" testbed/app_data/testbed-app_data-${{ matrix.backend }}
 
     - name: Upload app data
-      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4.1.0
+      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4.2.0
       if: failure() && matrix.backend != 'android'
       with:
         name: testbed-failure-app-data-${{ matrix.backend }}

From f2d69ef2c53f0e6fcbbaeb91d5bbfb40c5b787f5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "dependabot[bot]" <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sun, 21 Jan 2024 20:26:07 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 07/30] Add changenote. [dependabot skip]

---
 changes/2357.misc.rst | 1 +
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)
 create mode 100644 changes/2357.misc.rst

diff --git a/changes/2357.misc.rst b/changes/2357.misc.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b5895459bd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changes/2357.misc.rst
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Updated actions/upload-artifact from 4.1.0 to 4.2.0.

From 93dff9ae57b56e644d7dd49442e2e30c42df284d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "dependabot[bot]" <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sun, 21 Jan 2024 20:46:48 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 08/30] Bump tox from 4.12.0 to 4.12.1 in /core

Bumps [tox](https://github.com/tox-dev/tox) from 4.12.0 to 4.12.1.
- [Release notes](https://github.com/tox-dev/tox/releases)
- [Changelog](https://github.com/tox-dev/tox/blob/main/docs/changelog.rst)
- [Commits](https://github.com/tox-dev/tox/compare/4.12.0...4.12.1)

---
updated-dependencies:
- dependency-name: tox
  dependency-type: direct:production
  update-type: version-update:semver-patch
...

Signed-off-by: dependabot[bot] <support@github.com>
---
 core/pyproject.toml | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/core/pyproject.toml b/core/pyproject.toml
index 63c1fcd3dc..9967cadb2c 100644
--- a/core/pyproject.toml
+++ b/core/pyproject.toml
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ dev = [
     "pytest-asyncio == 0.23.3",
     "pytest-freezer == 0.4.8",
     "setuptools-scm == 8.0.4",
-    "tox == 4.12.0",
+    "tox == 4.12.1",
     # typing-extensions needed for TypeAlias added in Py 3.10
     "typing-extensions == 4.9.0 ; python_version < '3.10'"
 ]

From 534c016e3529f86886a5e613b712b39574bd3f23 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "dependabot[bot]" <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sun, 21 Jan 2024 20:46:52 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 09/30] Bump sphinx-tabs from 3.4.4 to 3.4.5 in /core

Bumps [sphinx-tabs](https://github.com/executablebooks/sphinx-tabs) from 3.4.4 to 3.4.5.
- [Release notes](https://github.com/executablebooks/sphinx-tabs/releases)
- [Changelog](https://github.com/executablebooks/sphinx-tabs/blob/master/CHANGELOG.md)
- [Commits](https://github.com/executablebooks/sphinx-tabs/compare/v3.4.4...v3.4.5)

---
updated-dependencies:
- dependency-name: sphinx-tabs
  dependency-type: direct:production
  update-type: version-update:semver-patch
...

Signed-off-by: dependabot[bot] <support@github.com>
---
 core/pyproject.toml | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/core/pyproject.toml b/core/pyproject.toml
index 63c1fcd3dc..8e65b29c28 100644
--- a/core/pyproject.toml
+++ b/core/pyproject.toml
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ docs = [
     # Sphinx 7.2 deprecated support for Python 3.8
     "sphinx == 7.1.2 ; python_version < '3.9'",
     "sphinx == 7.2.6 ; python_version >= '3.9'",
-    "sphinx_tabs == 3.4.4",
+    "sphinx_tabs == 3.4.5",
     "sphinx-autobuild == 2021.3.14",
     "sphinx-autodoc-typehints == 1.25.2",
     "sphinx-csv-filter == 0.4.1",

From 99b77441ef282c6d7b13f84c678d4491a72a7d29 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "dependabot[bot]" <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sun, 21 Jan 2024 20:47:21 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 10/30] Add changenote. [dependabot skip]

---
 changes/2358.misc.rst | 1 +
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)
 create mode 100644 changes/2358.misc.rst

diff --git a/changes/2358.misc.rst b/changes/2358.misc.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e159c5ff74
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changes/2358.misc.rst
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Updated tox from 4.12.0 to 4.12.1 in /core.

From 36f49b9fcbac21ffd42f07b212ce9d8a1a299837 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "dependabot[bot]" <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sun, 21 Jan 2024 20:47:38 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 11/30] Add changenote. [dependabot skip]

---
 changes/2359.misc.rst | 1 +
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)
 create mode 100644 changes/2359.misc.rst

diff --git a/changes/2359.misc.rst b/changes/2359.misc.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..85d291fdcb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changes/2359.misc.rst
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Updated sphinx-tabs from 3.4.4 to 3.4.5 in /core.

From 779d740bcf6ea6db554d201b1431a298a6d78b08 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: proneon267 <proneon267@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 25 Jan 2024 01:01:42 -0800
Subject: [PATCH 12/30] Added test

---
 testbed/tests/test_images.py | 19 +++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 19 insertions(+)

diff --git a/testbed/tests/test_images.py b/testbed/tests/test_images.py
index a72ccf69ae..13f9eede1e 100644
--- a/testbed/tests/test_images.py
+++ b/testbed/tests/test_images.py
@@ -130,3 +130,22 @@ async def test_save(app):
                 # suite is run; and the files have a PID in them to ensure that
                 # they're unique across test runs.
                 pass
+
+
+async def test_native_image(app):
+    # Generate an image using pillow
+    pil_image = PIL_Image.new("RGBA", size=(110, 30))
+    draw_context = PIL_ImageDraw.Draw(pil_image)
+    draw_context.text((20, 10), "Hello World", fill="green")
+
+    buffer = io.BytesIO()
+    pil_image.save(buffer, format="png", compress_level=0)
+
+    # Construct a Toga image from PIL image
+    image = toga.Image(buffer.getvalue())
+
+    # Construct a Toga image using the native image type
+    image_from_native = toga.Image(image._impl.native)
+
+    assert image_from_native.width == 110
+    assert image_from_native.height == 30

From a28a3c81c3e5b6587f64f46763eec080ad37c759 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: proneon267 <proneon267@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 25 Jan 2024 01:19:31 -0800
Subject: [PATCH 13/30] Fixed test

---
 testbed/tests/test_images.py | 13 +++++++++++--
 1 file changed, 11 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/testbed/tests/test_images.py b/testbed/tests/test_images.py
index 13f9eede1e..c7c83ca2c0 100644
--- a/testbed/tests/test_images.py
+++ b/testbed/tests/test_images.py
@@ -142,10 +142,19 @@ async def test_native_image(app):
     pil_image.save(buffer, format="png", compress_level=0)
 
     # Construct a Toga image from PIL image
-    image = toga.Image(buffer.getvalue())
+    image1 = toga.Image(buffer.getvalue())
+
+    assert image1.width == 110
+    assert image1.height == 30
 
     # Construct a Toga image using the native image type
-    image_from_native = toga.Image(image._impl.native)
+    image_from_native = toga.Image(image1._impl.native)
 
     assert image_from_native.width == 110
     assert image_from_native.height == 30
+
+    # Construct an image from `image_from_native`'s data
+    image2 = toga.Image(image_from_native.data)
+
+    assert image2.width == 110
+    assert image2.height == 30

From f2e6f56eadac31f14c8594014e98476d3b4cfe8f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: proneon267 <45512885+proneon267@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 25 Jan 2024 02:41:23 -0800
Subject: [PATCH 14/30] Empty commit for CI


From b5a00223fe21411faf134abeb75f590ba8f55044 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "dependabot[bot]" <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sun, 28 Jan 2024 20:05:56 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 15/30] Bump actions/upload-artifact from 4.2.0 to 4.3.0

Bumps [actions/upload-artifact](https://github.com/actions/upload-artifact) from 4.2.0 to 4.3.0.
- [Release notes](https://github.com/actions/upload-artifact/releases)
- [Commits](https://github.com/actions/upload-artifact/compare/v4.2.0...v4.3.0)

---
updated-dependencies:
- dependency-name: actions/upload-artifact
  dependency-type: direct:production
  update-type: version-update:semver-minor
...

Signed-off-by: dependabot[bot] <support@github.com>
---
 .github/workflows/ci.yml | 8 ++++----
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci.yml b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
index 61d6b37b4f..27f06ecbc2 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/ci.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ jobs:
         TOGA_INSTALL_COMMAND="python -m pip install ../$(ls core/dist/toga_core-*.whl)[dev] ../$(ls dummy/dist/toga_dummy-*.whl)" tox -e py
         mv core/.coverage core/.coverage.${{ matrix.platform }}.${{ matrix.python-version }}
     - name: Store coverage data
-      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4.2.0
+      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4.3.0
       with:
         name: core-coverage-data-${{ matrix.platform }}-${{ matrix.python-version }}
         path: "core/.coverage.*"
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ jobs:
         python -m coverage html --skip-covered --skip-empty
         python -m coverage report --rcfile ../pyproject.toml --fail-under=100
     - name: Upload HTML report if check failed.
-      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4.2.0
+      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4.3.0
       if: failure()
       with:
         name: html-coverage-report
@@ -232,7 +232,7 @@ jobs:
       run: ${{ matrix.briefcase-run-prefix }} briefcase run ${{ matrix.backend }} --test ${{ matrix.briefcase-run-args }}
 
     - name: Upload logs
-      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4.2.0
+      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4.3.0
       if: failure()
       with:
         name: testbed-failure-logs-${{ matrix.backend }}
@@ -245,7 +245,7 @@ jobs:
         cp -r "${{ matrix.app-user-data-path }}" testbed/app_data/testbed-app_data-${{ matrix.backend }}
 
     - name: Upload app data
-      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4.2.0
+      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4.3.0
       if: failure() && matrix.backend != 'android'
       with:
         name: testbed-failure-app-data-${{ matrix.backend }}

From b86077dd59b705f59fc0dd168402568dc9676b6e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "dependabot[bot]" <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sun, 28 Jan 2024 20:06:12 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 16/30] Add changenote. [dependabot skip]

---
 changes/2367.misc.rst | 1 +
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)
 create mode 100644 changes/2367.misc.rst

diff --git a/changes/2367.misc.rst b/changes/2367.misc.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b1398828d0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changes/2367.misc.rst
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Updated actions/upload-artifact from 4.2.0 to 4.3.0.

From c2c76f4fc318ec158b459010d00be93b4549b70b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "Brutus (robot)" <brutus@beeware.org>
Date: Sun, 28 Jan 2024 20:29:16 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 17/30] Bump black-pre-commit-mirror from 23.12.1 to 24.1.1

---
 .pre-commit-config.yaml                       |  2 +-
 android/src/toga_android/widgets/base.py      |  3 +-
 cocoa/src/toga_cocoa/widgets/base.py          |  6 +--
 core/src/toga/widgets/canvas.py               |  3 +-
 core/src/toga/widgets/optioncontainer.py      | 12 ++----
 core/src/toga/widgets/slider.py               | 39 +++++++------------
 core/src/toga/window.py                       | 27 +++++--------
 core/tests/widgets/test_progressbar.py        |  8 ++--
 .../optioncontainer/optioncontainer/app.py    |  6 +--
 examples/positron-django/src/webapp/urls.py   |  1 +
 gtk/src/toga_gtk/app.py                       |  6 +--
 gtk/src/toga_gtk/widgets/base.py              |  3 +-
 gtk/src/toga_gtk/widgets/scrollcontainer.py   | 16 +++++---
 iOS/src/toga_iOS/dialogs.py                   |  3 +-
 iOS/src/toga_iOS/widgets/base.py              |  6 +--
 iOS/src/toga_iOS/widgets/detailedlist.py      | 17 +++++---
 testbed/tests/widgets/test_table.py           |  8 ++--
 testbed/tests/widgets/test_tree.py            |  8 ++--
 winforms/src/toga_winforms/widgets/base.py    |  3 +-
 19 files changed, 79 insertions(+), 98 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.pre-commit-config.yaml b/.pre-commit-config.yaml
index 431c20c303..6a95e18eb4 100644
--- a/.pre-commit-config.yaml
+++ b/.pre-commit-config.yaml
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ repos:
     hooks:
       - id: isort
   - repo: https://github.com/psf/black-pre-commit-mirror
-    rev: 23.12.1
+    rev: 24.1.1
     hooks:
       - id: black
         language_version: python3
diff --git a/android/src/toga_android/widgets/base.py b/android/src/toga_android/widgets/base.py
index 5acba9a5fb..90a05849d4 100644
--- a/android/src/toga_android/widgets/base.py
+++ b/android/src/toga_android/widgets/base.py
@@ -68,8 +68,7 @@ def __init__(self, interface):
         self.interface.style.reapply()
 
     @abstractmethod
-    def create(self):
-        ...
+    def create(self): ...
 
     def set_app(self, app):
         pass
diff --git a/cocoa/src/toga_cocoa/widgets/base.py b/cocoa/src/toga_cocoa/widgets/base.py
index e400af7b41..28da6271fb 100644
--- a/cocoa/src/toga_cocoa/widgets/base.py
+++ b/cocoa/src/toga_cocoa/widgets/base.py
@@ -17,8 +17,7 @@ def __init__(self, interface):
         self.interface.style.reapply()
 
     @abstractmethod
-    def create(self):
-        ...
+    def create(self): ...
 
     def set_app(self, app):
         pass
@@ -116,5 +115,4 @@ def refresh(self):
         self.rehint()
 
     @abstractmethod
-    def rehint(self):
-        ...
+    def rehint(self): ...
diff --git a/core/src/toga/widgets/canvas.py b/core/src/toga/widgets/canvas.py
index fea640b2d3..8af764942c 100644
--- a/core/src/toga/widgets/canvas.py
+++ b/core/src/toga/widgets/canvas.py
@@ -58,8 +58,7 @@ def __repr__(self):
         return f"{self.__class__.__name__}()"
 
     @abstractmethod
-    def _draw(self, impl, **kwargs):
-        ...
+    def _draw(self, impl, **kwargs): ...
 
 
 class BeginPath(DrawingObject):
diff --git a/core/src/toga/widgets/optioncontainer.py b/core/src/toga/widgets/optioncontainer.py
index ba3e9fa35a..601be4cada 100644
--- a/core/src/toga/widgets/optioncontainer.py
+++ b/core/src/toga/widgets/optioncontainer.py
@@ -270,8 +270,7 @@ def index(self, value: str | int | OptionItem):
     def append(
         self,
         text_or_item: OptionItem,
-    ):
-        ...
+    ): ...
 
     @overload
     def append(
@@ -281,8 +280,7 @@ def append(
         *,
         icon: IconContent | None = None,
         enabled: bool = True,
-    ):
-        ...
+    ): ...
 
     def append(
         self,
@@ -311,8 +309,7 @@ def insert(
         self,
         index: int | str | OptionItem,
         text_or_item: OptionItem,
-    ):
-        ...
+    ): ...
 
     @overload
     def insert(
@@ -323,8 +320,7 @@ def insert(
         *,
         icon: IconContent | None = None,
         enabled: bool = True,
-    ):
-        ...
+    ): ...
 
     def insert(
         self,
diff --git a/core/src/toga/widgets/slider.py b/core/src/toga/widgets/slider.py
index 28d129af8d..98e559483f 100644
--- a/core/src/toga/widgets/slider.py
+++ b/core/src/toga/widgets/slider.py
@@ -318,36 +318,28 @@ def range(self, range):
 
 class SliderImpl(ABC):
     @abstractmethod
-    def get_value(self):
-        ...
+    def get_value(self): ...
 
     @abstractmethod
-    def set_value(self, value):
-        ...
+    def set_value(self, value): ...
 
     @abstractmethod
-    def get_min(self):
-        ...
+    def get_min(self): ...
 
     @abstractmethod
-    def set_min(self, value):
-        ...
+    def set_min(self, value): ...
 
     @abstractmethod
-    def get_max(self):
-        ...
+    def get_max(self): ...
 
     @abstractmethod
-    def set_max(self, value):
-        ...
+    def set_max(self, value): ...
 
     @abstractmethod
-    def get_tick_count(self):
-        ...
+    def get_tick_count(self): ...
 
     @abstractmethod
-    def set_tick_count(self, tick_count):
-        ...
+    def set_tick_count(self, tick_count): ...
 
 
 class IntSliderImpl(SliderImpl):
@@ -407,21 +399,16 @@ def on_change(self):
         self.interface.on_change()
 
     @abstractmethod
-    def get_int_value(self):
-        ...
+    def get_int_value(self): ...
 
     @abstractmethod
-    def set_int_value(self, value):
-        ...
+    def set_int_value(self, value): ...
 
     @abstractmethod
-    def get_int_max(self):
-        ...
+    def get_int_max(self): ...
 
     @abstractmethod
-    def set_int_max(self, max):
-        ...
+    def set_int_max(self, max): ...
 
     @abstractmethod
-    def set_ticks_visible(self, visible):
-        ...
+    def set_ticks_visible(self, visible): ...
diff --git a/core/src/toga/window.py b/core/src/toga/window.py
index bfd6057f91..2304b5f45e 100644
--- a/core/src/toga/window.py
+++ b/core/src/toga/window.py
@@ -516,8 +516,7 @@ def stack_trace_dialog(
         content: str,
         retry: Literal[False] = False,
         on_result: DialogResultHandler[None] | None = None,
-    ) -> Dialog:
-        ...
+    ) -> Dialog: ...
 
     @overload
     def stack_trace_dialog(
@@ -527,8 +526,7 @@ def stack_trace_dialog(
         content: str,
         retry: Literal[True] = False,
         on_result: DialogResultHandler[bool] | None = None,
-    ) -> Dialog:
-        ...
+    ) -> Dialog: ...
 
     @overload
     def stack_trace_dialog(
@@ -538,8 +536,7 @@ def stack_trace_dialog(
         content: str,
         retry: bool = False,
         on_result: DialogResultHandler[bool | None] | None = None,
-    ) -> Dialog:
-        ...
+    ) -> Dialog: ...
 
     def stack_trace_dialog(
         self,
@@ -632,8 +629,7 @@ def open_file_dialog(
         multiple_select: Literal[False] = False,
         on_result: DialogResultHandler[Path | None] | None = None,
         multiselect=None,  # DEPRECATED
-    ) -> Dialog:
-        ...
+    ) -> Dialog: ...
 
     @overload
     def open_file_dialog(
@@ -644,8 +640,7 @@ def open_file_dialog(
         multiple_select: Literal[True] = True,
         on_result: DialogResultHandler[list[Path] | None] | None = None,
         multiselect=None,  # DEPRECATED
-    ) -> Dialog:
-        ...
+    ) -> Dialog: ...
 
     @overload
     def open_file_dialog(
@@ -656,8 +651,7 @@ def open_file_dialog(
         multiple_select: bool = False,
         on_result: DialogResultHandler[list[Path] | Path | None] | None = None,
         multiselect=None,  # DEPRECATED
-    ) -> Dialog:
-        ...
+    ) -> Dialog: ...
 
     def open_file_dialog(
         self,
@@ -724,8 +718,7 @@ def select_folder_dialog(
         multiple_select: Literal[False] = False,
         on_result: DialogResultHandler[Path | None] | None = None,
         multiselect=None,  # DEPRECATED
-    ) -> Dialog:
-        ...
+    ) -> Dialog: ...
 
     @overload
     def select_folder_dialog(
@@ -735,8 +728,7 @@ def select_folder_dialog(
         multiple_select: Literal[True] = True,
         on_result: DialogResultHandler[list[Path] | None] | None = None,
         multiselect=None,  # DEPRECATED
-    ) -> Dialog:
-        ...
+    ) -> Dialog: ...
 
     @overload
     def select_folder_dialog(
@@ -746,8 +738,7 @@ def select_folder_dialog(
         multiple_select: bool = False,
         on_result: DialogResultHandler[list[Path] | Path | None] | None = None,
         multiselect=None,  # DEPRECATED
-    ) -> Dialog:
-        ...
+    ) -> Dialog: ...
 
     def select_folder_dialog(
         self,
diff --git a/core/tests/widgets/test_progressbar.py b/core/tests/widgets/test_progressbar.py
index b35287e3c0..9b82f80511 100644
--- a/core/tests/widgets/test_progressbar.py
+++ b/core/tests/widgets/test_progressbar.py
@@ -103,9 +103,11 @@ def test_set_max(progressbar, value, actual, determinate):
         (
             object(),
             TypeError,
-            r"must be a string or a number"
-            if sys.version_info < (3, 10)
-            else r"must be a string or a real number",
+            (
+                r"must be a string or a number"
+                if sys.version_info < (3, 10)
+                else r"must be a string or a real number"
+            ),
         ),  # Non-coercible to float
         (
             -42,
diff --git a/examples/optioncontainer/optioncontainer/app.py b/examples/optioncontainer/optioncontainer/app.py
index bc6de7add0..052c397b47 100644
--- a/examples/optioncontainer/optioncontainer/app.py
+++ b/examples/optioncontainer/optioncontainer/app.py
@@ -39,9 +39,9 @@ def on_insert_option(self, button):
     def on_enable_option(self, button):
         index = int(self.select_option.value)
         try:
-            self.optioncontainer.content[
-                index
-            ].enabled = not self.optioncontainer.content[index].enabled
+            self.optioncontainer.content[index].enabled = (
+                not self.optioncontainer.content[index].enabled
+            )
         except ValueError as e:
             self.main_window.info_dialog("Oops", str(e))
 
diff --git a/examples/positron-django/src/webapp/urls.py b/examples/positron-django/src/webapp/urls.py
index f8bd49391d..df2c234804 100644
--- a/examples/positron-django/src/webapp/urls.py
+++ b/examples/positron-django/src/webapp/urls.py
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
     1. Import the include() function: from django.urls import include, path
     2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  path('blog/', include('blog.urls'))
 """
+
 from django.contrib import admin
 from django.urls import path
 
diff --git a/gtk/src/toga_gtk/app.py b/gtk/src/toga_gtk/app.py
index 4d01f4e6ff..d85db4e896 100644
--- a/gtk/src/toga_gtk/app.py
+++ b/gtk/src/toga_gtk/app.py
@@ -268,9 +268,9 @@ def gtk_startup(self, data=None):
             m.open_file_dialog(
                 self.interface.formal_name,
                 file_types=self.interface.document_types.keys(),
-                on_result=lambda dialog, path: self.interface._open(path)
-                if path
-                else self.exit(),
+                on_result=lambda dialog, path: (
+                    self.interface._open(path) if path else self.exit()
+                ),
             )
 
     def open_file(self, widget, **kwargs):
diff --git a/gtk/src/toga_gtk/widgets/base.py b/gtk/src/toga_gtk/widgets/base.py
index 100a6075d8..d397d25eeb 100644
--- a/gtk/src/toga_gtk/widgets/base.py
+++ b/gtk/src/toga_gtk/widgets/base.py
@@ -28,8 +28,7 @@ def __init__(self, interface):
         self.interface.style.reapply()
 
     @abstractmethod
-    def create(self):
-        ...
+    def create(self): ...
 
     def set_app(self, app):
         pass
diff --git a/gtk/src/toga_gtk/widgets/scrollcontainer.py b/gtk/src/toga_gtk/widgets/scrollcontainer.py
index 914ab7087b..ce13d9fa29 100644
--- a/gtk/src/toga_gtk/widgets/scrollcontainer.py
+++ b/gtk/src/toga_gtk/widgets/scrollcontainer.py
@@ -47,9 +47,11 @@ def get_horizontal(self):
     def set_horizontal(self, value):
         self.native.set_policy(
             Gtk.PolicyType.AUTOMATIC if value else Gtk.PolicyType.NEVER,
-            Gtk.PolicyType.AUTOMATIC
-            if self.interface.vertical
-            else Gtk.PolicyType.NEVER,
+            (
+                Gtk.PolicyType.AUTOMATIC
+                if self.interface.vertical
+                else Gtk.PolicyType.NEVER
+            ),
         )
         # Disabling scrolling implies a position reset; that's a scroll event.
         if not value:
@@ -61,9 +63,11 @@ def get_vertical(self):
 
     def set_vertical(self, value):
         self.native.set_policy(
-            Gtk.PolicyType.AUTOMATIC
-            if self.interface.horizontal
-            else Gtk.PolicyType.NEVER,
+            (
+                Gtk.PolicyType.AUTOMATIC
+                if self.interface.horizontal
+                else Gtk.PolicyType.NEVER
+            ),
             Gtk.PolicyType.AUTOMATIC if value else Gtk.PolicyType.NEVER,
         )
         # Disabling scrolling implies a position reset; that's a scroll event.
diff --git a/iOS/src/toga_iOS/dialogs.py b/iOS/src/toga_iOS/dialogs.py
index 137a1de1ce..caf15fa793 100644
--- a/iOS/src/toga_iOS/dialogs.py
+++ b/iOS/src/toga_iOS/dialogs.py
@@ -33,8 +33,7 @@ def __init__(self, interface, title, message):
         )
 
     @abstractmethod
-    def populate_dialog(self, native):
-        ...
+    def populate_dialog(self, native): ...
 
     def response(self, value):
         self.interface.set_result(value)
diff --git a/iOS/src/toga_iOS/widgets/base.py b/iOS/src/toga_iOS/widgets/base.py
index c14513dfe4..59cb4f241b 100644
--- a/iOS/src/toga_iOS/widgets/base.py
+++ b/iOS/src/toga_iOS/widgets/base.py
@@ -17,8 +17,7 @@ def __init__(self, interface):
         self.interface.style.reapply()
 
     @abstractmethod
-    def create(self):
-        ...
+    def create(self): ...
 
     def set_app(self, app):
         pass
@@ -123,5 +122,4 @@ def refresh(self):
         self.rehint()
 
     @abstractmethod
-    def rehint(self):
-        ...
+    def rehint(self): ...
diff --git a/iOS/src/toga_iOS/widgets/detailedlist.py b/iOS/src/toga_iOS/widgets/detailedlist.py
index 6212de3504..c124c65068 100644
--- a/iOS/src/toga_iOS/widgets/detailedlist.py
+++ b/iOS/src/toga_iOS/widgets/detailedlist.py
@@ -86,9 +86,11 @@ def tableView_trailingSwipeActionsConfigurationForRowAtIndexPath_(
         if self.impl.primary_action_enabled:
             actions = [
                 UIContextualAction.contextualActionWithStyle(
-                    UIContextualActionStyle.Destructive
-                    if self.interface._primary_action in self.impl.DESTRUCTIVE_NAMES
-                    else UIContextualActionStyle.Normal,
+                    (
+                        UIContextualActionStyle.Destructive
+                        if self.interface._primary_action in self.impl.DESTRUCTIVE_NAMES
+                        else UIContextualActionStyle.Normal
+                    ),
                     title=self.interface._primary_action,
                     handler=self.impl.primary_action_handler(indexPath.row),
                 )
@@ -105,9 +107,12 @@ def tableView_leadingSwipeActionsConfigurationForRowAtIndexPath_(
         if self.impl.secondary_action_enabled:
             actions = [
                 UIContextualAction.contextualActionWithStyle(
-                    UIContextualActionStyle.Destructive
-                    if self.interface._secondary_action in self.impl.DESTRUCTIVE_NAMES
-                    else UIContextualActionStyle.Normal,
+                    (
+                        UIContextualActionStyle.Destructive
+                        if self.interface._secondary_action
+                        in self.impl.DESTRUCTIVE_NAMES
+                        else UIContextualActionStyle.Normal
+                    ),
                     title=self.interface._secondary_action,
                     handler=self.impl.secondary_action_handler(indexPath.row),
                 )
diff --git a/testbed/tests/widgets/test_table.py b/testbed/tests/widgets/test_table.py
index 10752e90a5..91e684268c 100644
--- a/testbed/tests/widgets/test_table.py
+++ b/testbed/tests/widgets/test_table.py
@@ -477,9 +477,11 @@ async def test_cell_widget(widget, probe):
             "a": f"A{i}",
             "b": f"B{i}",
             # Toga widgets.
-            "c": toga.Button(f"C{i}")
-            if i % 2 == 0
-            else toga.TextInput(value=f"edit C{i}"),
+            "c": (
+                toga.Button(f"C{i}")
+                if i % 2 == 0
+                else toga.TextInput(value=f"edit C{i}")
+            ),
         }
         for i in range(0, 50)
     ]
diff --git a/testbed/tests/widgets/test_tree.py b/testbed/tests/widgets/test_tree.py
index 19555bc9bf..4899d9fa2c 100644
--- a/testbed/tests/widgets/test_tree.py
+++ b/testbed/tests/widgets/test_tree.py
@@ -660,9 +660,11 @@ async def test_cell_widget(widget, probe):
                         "a": f"A{i}",
                         "b": f"B{i}",
                         # Toga widgets.
-                        "c": toga.Button(f"C{i}")
-                        if i % 2 == 0
-                        else toga.TextInput(value=f"edit C{i}"),
+                        "c": (
+                            toga.Button(f"C{i}")
+                            if i % 2 == 0
+                            else toga.TextInput(value=f"edit C{i}")
+                        ),
                     },
                     None,
                 )
diff --git a/winforms/src/toga_winforms/widgets/base.py b/winforms/src/toga_winforms/widgets/base.py
index c966dfd219..123c98f257 100644
--- a/winforms/src/toga_winforms/widgets/base.py
+++ b/winforms/src/toga_winforms/widgets/base.py
@@ -53,8 +53,7 @@ def __init__(self, interface):
         self.interface.style.reapply()
 
     @abstractmethod
-    def create(self):
-        ...
+    def create(self): ...
 
     def set_app(self, app):
         # No special handling required

From 43604b2626cfaccab8b76ac149c1e3bde42bf691 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "Brutus (robot)" <brutus@beeware.org>
Date: Sun, 28 Jan 2024 20:29:18 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 18/30] Add changenote.

---
 changes/2368.misc.rst | 1 +
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)
 create mode 100644 changes/2368.misc.rst

diff --git a/changes/2368.misc.rst b/changes/2368.misc.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..bd8bb5d7c4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changes/2368.misc.rst
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+The ``pre-commit`` hook for ``black-pre-commit-mirror`` was updated to its latest version.

From 326d261b3a0934da66d8c60e0e0a6f1558bff649 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "dependabot[bot]" <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sun, 28 Jan 2024 20:47:49 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 19/30] Bump coverage[toml] from 7.4.0 to 7.4.1 in /core

Bumps [coverage[toml]](https://github.com/nedbat/coveragepy) from 7.4.0 to 7.4.1.
- [Release notes](https://github.com/nedbat/coveragepy/releases)
- [Changelog](https://github.com/nedbat/coveragepy/blob/master/CHANGES.rst)
- [Commits](https://github.com/nedbat/coveragepy/compare/7.4.0...7.4.1)

---
updated-dependencies:
- dependency-name: coverage[toml]
  dependency-type: direct:production
  update-type: version-update:semver-patch
...

Signed-off-by: dependabot[bot] <support@github.com>
---
 core/pyproject.toml | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/core/pyproject.toml b/core/pyproject.toml
index ef75243c15..706c9b59f9 100644
--- a/core/pyproject.toml
+++ b/core/pyproject.toml
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ dependencies = [
 # Extras used by developers *of* briefcase are pinned to specific versions to
 # ensure environment consistency.
 dev = [
-    "coverage[toml] == 7.4.0",
+    "coverage[toml] == 7.4.1",
     "Pillow == 10.2.0",
     # Pre-commit 3.6.0 deprecated support for Python 3.8
     "pre-commit == 3.5.0 ; python_version < '3.9'",

From 30b20393de0f07c79b94c60cfbc4472c3ec48672 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "dependabot[bot]" <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sun, 28 Jan 2024 20:47:54 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 20/30] Bump pytest-asyncio from 0.23.3 to 0.23.4 in /core

Bumps [pytest-asyncio](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest-asyncio) from 0.23.3 to 0.23.4.
- [Release notes](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest-asyncio/releases)
- [Commits](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest-asyncio/compare/v0.23.3...v0.23.4)

---
updated-dependencies:
- dependency-name: pytest-asyncio
  dependency-type: direct:production
  update-type: version-update:semver-patch
...

Signed-off-by: dependabot[bot] <support@github.com>
---
 core/pyproject.toml | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/core/pyproject.toml b/core/pyproject.toml
index ef75243c15..c953371cab 100644
--- a/core/pyproject.toml
+++ b/core/pyproject.toml
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ dev = [
     "pre-commit == 3.5.0 ; python_version < '3.9'",
     "pre-commit == 3.6.0 ; python_version >= '3.9'",
     "pytest == 7.4.4",
-    "pytest-asyncio == 0.23.3",
+    "pytest-asyncio == 0.23.4",
     "pytest-freezer == 0.4.8",
     "setuptools-scm == 8.0.4",
     "tox == 4.12.1",

From 2819d2a42da8b22566efb77d8e93cdcdb8975109 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "dependabot[bot]" <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sun, 28 Jan 2024 20:48:01 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 21/30] Bump sphinx-autodoc-typehints from 1.25.2 to 1.25.3 in
 /core

Bumps [sphinx-autodoc-typehints](https://github.com/tox-dev/sphinx-autodoc-typehints) from 1.25.2 to 1.25.3.
- [Release notes](https://github.com/tox-dev/sphinx-autodoc-typehints/releases)
- [Changelog](https://github.com/tox-dev/sphinx-autodoc-typehints/blob/main/CHANGELOG.md)
- [Commits](https://github.com/tox-dev/sphinx-autodoc-typehints/compare/1.25.2...1.25.3)

---
updated-dependencies:
- dependency-name: sphinx-autodoc-typehints
  dependency-type: direct:production
  update-type: version-update:semver-patch
...

Signed-off-by: dependabot[bot] <support@github.com>
---
 core/pyproject.toml | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/core/pyproject.toml b/core/pyproject.toml
index ef75243c15..2539e11b78 100644
--- a/core/pyproject.toml
+++ b/core/pyproject.toml
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ docs = [
     "sphinx == 7.2.6 ; python_version >= '3.9'",
     "sphinx_tabs == 3.4.5",
     "sphinx-autobuild == 2021.3.14",
-    "sphinx-autodoc-typehints == 1.25.2",
+    "sphinx-autodoc-typehints == 1.25.3",
     "sphinx-csv-filter == 0.4.1",
     "sphinx-copybutton == 0.5.2",
     "sphinx-toolbox == 3.5.0",

From 08612ace88d25f76d12d34d961e89f282a4b29a5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "dependabot[bot]" <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sun, 28 Jan 2024 20:48:01 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 22/30] Add changenote. [dependabot skip]

---
 changes/2369.misc.rst | 1 +
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)
 create mode 100644 changes/2369.misc.rst

diff --git a/changes/2369.misc.rst b/changes/2369.misc.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..39c36e17c2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changes/2369.misc.rst
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Updated coverage[toml] from 7.4.0 to 7.4.1 in /core.

From cb59c3c4171dd400e2f8f287ab69b39361cafddb Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "dependabot[bot]" <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sun, 28 Jan 2024 20:48:15 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 23/30] Add changenote. [dependabot skip]

---
 changes/2370.misc.rst | 1 +
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)
 create mode 100644 changes/2370.misc.rst

diff --git a/changes/2370.misc.rst b/changes/2370.misc.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b7ec5b6c2d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changes/2370.misc.rst
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Updated pytest-asyncio from 0.23.3 to 0.23.4 in /core.

From 90992131aff9a62019d662d480cd9f6e11111558 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "dependabot[bot]" <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sun, 28 Jan 2024 20:48:29 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 24/30] Add changenote. [dependabot skip]

---
 changes/2371.misc.rst | 1 +
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)
 create mode 100644 changes/2371.misc.rst

diff --git a/changes/2371.misc.rst b/changes/2371.misc.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..34a2ed0614
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changes/2371.misc.rst
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Updated sphinx-autodoc-typehints from 1.25.2 to 1.25.3 in /core.

From ce30128964989c337bdf0c9d8c416dfd691ed451 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: proneon267 <proneon267@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 29 Jan 2024 11:59:13 -0800
Subject: [PATCH 25/30] Fixed tests

---
 testbed/tests/test_images.py | 72 ++++++++++++++----------------------
 1 file changed, 27 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/testbed/tests/test_images.py b/testbed/tests/test_images.py
index c7c83ca2c0..c2994a311d 100644
--- a/testbed/tests/test_images.py
+++ b/testbed/tests/test_images.py
@@ -22,16 +22,6 @@ async def test_local_image(app):
     assert image.height == 72
 
 
-async def test_raw_image(app):
-    "An image can be created from the platform's raw representation"
-    original = toga.Image("resources/sample.png")
-
-    image = toga.Image(original._impl.native)
-
-    assert image.width == original.width
-    assert image.height == original.height
-
-
 async def test_bad_image_file(app):
     "If a file isn't a loadable image, an error is raised"
     with pytest.raises(
@@ -41,8 +31,8 @@ async def test_bad_image_file(app):
         toga.Image(__file__)
 
 
-async def test_data_image(app):
-    "An image can be constructed from data"
+async def test_buffer_image(app):
+    "An image can be constructed from buffer data"
     # Generate an image using pillow
     pil_image = PIL_Image.new("RGBA", size=(110, 30))
     draw_context = PIL_ImageDraw.Draw(pil_image)
@@ -51,17 +41,37 @@ async def test_data_image(app):
     buffer = io.BytesIO()
     pil_image.save(buffer, format="png", compress_level=0)
 
-    # Construct a Toga image.
+    # Construct a Toga image from buffer data.
     image = toga.Image(buffer.getvalue())
 
     assert image.width == 110
     assert image.height == 30
 
-    # Construct a second image from the first image's data
-    image2 = toga.Image(image.data)
 
-    assert image2.width == 110
-    assert image2.height == 30
+async def test_pil_raw_and_data_image(app):
+    "An image can be created from PIL, platform's raw representation and `toga.Image` data"
+    # Generate an image using pillow
+    pil_image = PIL_Image.new("RGBA", size=(110, 30))
+    draw_context = PIL_ImageDraw.Draw(pil_image)
+    draw_context.text((20, 10), "Hello World", fill="green")
+
+    # Construct a Toga image from PIL image
+    image_from_pil = toga.Image(pil_image)
+
+    assert image_from_pil.width == 110
+    assert image_from_pil.height == 30
+
+    # Construct a Toga image using the native image type
+    image_from_native = toga.Image(image_from_pil._impl.native)
+
+    assert image_from_native.width == 110
+    assert image_from_native.height == 30
+
+    # Construct an image from `image_from_native`'s data
+    image_from_data = toga.Image(image_from_native.data)
+
+    assert image_from_data.width == 110
+    assert image_from_data.height == 30
 
 
 async def test_bad_image_data(app):
@@ -130,31 +140,3 @@ async def test_save(app):
                 # suite is run; and the files have a PID in them to ensure that
                 # they're unique across test runs.
                 pass
-
-
-async def test_native_image(app):
-    # Generate an image using pillow
-    pil_image = PIL_Image.new("RGBA", size=(110, 30))
-    draw_context = PIL_ImageDraw.Draw(pil_image)
-    draw_context.text((20, 10), "Hello World", fill="green")
-
-    buffer = io.BytesIO()
-    pil_image.save(buffer, format="png", compress_level=0)
-
-    # Construct a Toga image from PIL image
-    image1 = toga.Image(buffer.getvalue())
-
-    assert image1.width == 110
-    assert image1.height == 30
-
-    # Construct a Toga image using the native image type
-    image_from_native = toga.Image(image1._impl.native)
-
-    assert image_from_native.width == 110
-    assert image_from_native.height == 30
-
-    # Construct an image from `image_from_native`'s data
-    image2 = toga.Image(image_from_native.data)
-
-    assert image2.width == 110
-    assert image2.height == 30

From 6dc4e6d0121c69f84b4f5b5ef95b8aa34a74b2c5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: proneon267 <proneon267@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 29 Jan 2024 17:21:05 -0800
Subject: [PATCH 26/30] Fixed test

---
 testbed/tests/test_images.py | 10 ++++++++++
 1 file changed, 10 insertions(+)

diff --git a/testbed/tests/test_images.py b/testbed/tests/test_images.py
index c2994a311d..42a0f4cbc9 100644
--- a/testbed/tests/test_images.py
+++ b/testbed/tests/test_images.py
@@ -22,6 +22,16 @@ async def test_local_image(app):
     assert image.height == 72
 
 
+async def test_raw_image(app):
+    "An image can be created from the platform's raw representation"
+    original = toga.Image("resources/sample.png")
+
+    image = toga.Image(original._impl.native)
+
+    assert image.width == original.width
+    assert image.height == original.height
+
+
 async def test_bad_image_file(app):
     "If a file isn't a loadable image, an error is raised"
     with pytest.raises(

From ccbeea6b8b83f92ac0934e8879459e3f52ccc0d3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Russell Keith-Magee <russell@keith-magee.com>
Date: Tue, 30 Jan 2024 12:01:28 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 27/30] Minor cleanups from code review.

---
 changes/2355.bugfix.rst        | 2 +-
 cocoa/src/toga_cocoa/images.py | 5 ++++-
 2 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/changes/2355.bugfix.rst b/changes/2355.bugfix.rst
index 070552fbc1..b64e85021f 100644
--- a/changes/2355.bugfix.rst
+++ b/changes/2355.bugfix.rst
@@ -1 +1 @@
-`toga.Image()` can now handle `NSImage` correctly.
+On macOS, `toga.Image()` objects can now be created from raw data that didn't originate from a file.
diff --git a/cocoa/src/toga_cocoa/images.py b/cocoa/src/toga_cocoa/images.py
index 0a6efe440f..2d8c53dcdf 100644
--- a/cocoa/src/toga_cocoa/images.py
+++ b/cocoa/src/toga_cocoa/images.py
@@ -55,9 +55,12 @@ def get_height(self):
         return self.native.size.height
 
     def get_data(self):
+        # A file created from a data source won't necessarily have 
+        # a pre-existing PNG representation. Create a TIFF 
+        # representation, then convert to PNG.
         bitmap_rep = NSBitmapImageRep.imageRepWithData_(
             self.native.TIFFRepresentation
-        )  # Using NSImage.TIFFRepresentation as it is documented.
+        )  
         image_data = bitmap_rep.representationUsingType(
             NSBitmapImageFileType.PNG, properties=None
         )

From 30fc2a12471581481c5d53a572f1ea8989355d1a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Russell Keith-Magee <russell@keith-magee.com>
Date: Tue, 30 Jan 2024 12:12:37 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 28/30] Removed stray whitespace.

---
 cocoa/src/toga_cocoa/images.py | 6 +++---
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/cocoa/src/toga_cocoa/images.py b/cocoa/src/toga_cocoa/images.py
index 2d8c53dcdf..95f5bc46c6 100644
--- a/cocoa/src/toga_cocoa/images.py
+++ b/cocoa/src/toga_cocoa/images.py
@@ -55,12 +55,12 @@ def get_height(self):
         return self.native.size.height
 
     def get_data(self):
-        # A file created from a data source won't necessarily have 
-        # a pre-existing PNG representation. Create a TIFF 
+        # A file created from a data source won't necessarily have
+        # a pre-existing PNG representation. Create a TIFF
         # representation, then convert to PNG.
         bitmap_rep = NSBitmapImageRep.imageRepWithData_(
             self.native.TIFFRepresentation
-        )  
+        )
         image_data = bitmap_rep.representationUsingType(
             NSBitmapImageFileType.PNG, properties=None
         )

From 36b4bc4cb157fc8fde20d28e0c67bacae489c991 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Russell Keith-Magee <russell@keith-magee.com>
Date: Tue, 30 Jan 2024 13:03:02 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 29/30] More precommit fixes...

---
 cocoa/src/toga_cocoa/images.py | 12 +++++-------
 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)

diff --git a/cocoa/src/toga_cocoa/images.py b/cocoa/src/toga_cocoa/images.py
index 95f5bc46c6..05a2a44e51 100644
--- a/cocoa/src/toga_cocoa/images.py
+++ b/cocoa/src/toga_cocoa/images.py
@@ -55,14 +55,12 @@ def get_height(self):
         return self.native.size.height
 
     def get_data(self):
-        # A file created from a data source won't necessarily have
-        # a pre-existing PNG representation. Create a TIFF
-        # representation, then convert to PNG.
-        bitmap_rep = NSBitmapImageRep.imageRepWithData_(
-            self.native.TIFFRepresentation
-        )
+        # A file created from a data source won't necessarily have a pre-existing PNG
+        # representation. Create a TIFF representation, then convert to PNG.
+        bitmap_rep = NSBitmapImageRep.imageRepWithData(self.native.TIFFRepresentation)
         image_data = bitmap_rep.representationUsingType(
-            NSBitmapImageFileType.PNG, properties=None
+            NSBitmapImageFileType.PNG, 
+            properties=None,
         )
         return nsdata_to_bytes(image_data)
 

From 9c187d5cdf1d2c8b6b297f2f71c1066a750773ef Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Russell Keith-Magee <russell@keith-magee.com>
Date: Tue, 30 Jan 2024 13:05:08 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 30/30] Sigh... more whitespace.

---
 cocoa/src/toga_cocoa/images.py | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/cocoa/src/toga_cocoa/images.py b/cocoa/src/toga_cocoa/images.py
index 05a2a44e51..901d426d40 100644
--- a/cocoa/src/toga_cocoa/images.py
+++ b/cocoa/src/toga_cocoa/images.py
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ def get_data(self):
         # representation. Create a TIFF representation, then convert to PNG.
         bitmap_rep = NSBitmapImageRep.imageRepWithData(self.native.TIFFRepresentation)
         image_data = bitmap_rep.representationUsingType(
-            NSBitmapImageFileType.PNG, 
+            NSBitmapImageFileType.PNG,
             properties=None,
         )
         return nsdata_to_bytes(image_data)