diff --git a/app/app.js b/app/app.js
index a10cca6..0742a41 100644
--- a/app/app.js
+++ b/app/app.js
@@ -7,10 +7,9 @@ const helmet = require('helmet');
 
 const { name: appName, version: appVersion } = require('./package.json');
 const carboneCopyApi = require('./src/components/carboneCopyApi');
-const keycloak = require('./src/components/keycloak');
 const log = require('./src/components/log')(module.filename);
 const httpLogger = require('./src/components/log').httpLogger;
-const { getGitRevision, prettyStringify } = require('./src/components/utils');
+const { getConfigBoolean, getGitRevision, prettyStringify } = require('./src/components/utils');
 const v2Router = require('./src/routes/v2');
 
 const { authorizedParty } = require('./src/middleware/authorizedParty');
@@ -52,9 +51,8 @@ if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'test') {
 }
 
 // Use Keycloak OIDC Middleware
-if (config.has('keycloak.enabled')) {
+if (getConfigBoolean('keycloak.enabled')) {
   log.info('Running in authenticated mode');
-  app.use(keycloak.middleware());
 } else {
   log.info('Running in public mode');
 }
diff --git a/app/package-lock.json b/app/package-lock.json
index 4253e92..ed9f77b 100644
--- a/app/package-lock.json
+++ b/app/package-lock.json
@@ -22,7 +22,6 @@
         "helmet": "^7.1.0",
         "js-yaml": "^4.1.0",
         "jsonwebtoken": "^9.0.2",
-        "keycloak-connect": "^24.0.1",
         "lockfile": "^1.0.4",
         "mime-types": "^2.1.35",
         "multer": "^1.4.4-lts.1",
@@ -1211,12 +1210,6 @@
         "@sinonjs/commons": "^3.0.0"
       }
     },
-    "node_modules/@testim/chrome-version": {
-      "version": "1.1.4",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@testim/chrome-version/-/chrome-version-1.1.4.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-kIhULpw9TrGYnHp/8VfdcneIcxKnLixmADtukQRtJUmsVlMg0niMkwV0xZmi8hqa57xqilIHjWFA0GKvEjVU5g==",
-      "optional": true
-    },
     "node_modules/@types/babel__core": {
       "version": "7.20.3",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@types/babel__core/-/babel__core-7.20.3.tgz",
@@ -1295,7 +1288,7 @@
       "version": "14.11.2",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@types/node/-/node-14.11.2.tgz",
       "integrity": "sha512-jiE3QIxJ8JLNcb1Ps6rDbysDhN4xa8DJJvuC9prr6w+1tIh+QAbYyNF3tyiZNLDBIuBCf4KEcV2UvQm/V60xfA==",
-      "devOptional": true
+      "dev": true
     },
     "node_modules/@types/stack-utils": {
       "version": "2.0.2",
@@ -1323,15 +1316,6 @@
       "integrity": "sha512-5qcvofLPbfjmBfKaLfj/+f+Sbd6pN4zl7w7VSVI5uz7m9QZTuB2aZAa2uo1wHFBNN2x6g/SoTkXmd8mQnQF2Cw==",
       "dev": true
     },
-    "node_modules/@types/yauzl": {
-      "version": "2.9.1",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@types/yauzl/-/yauzl-2.9.1.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-A1b8SU4D10uoPjwb0lnHmmu8wZhR9d+9o2PKBQT2jU5YPTKsxac6M2qGAdY7VcL+dHHhARVUDmeg0rOrcd9EjA==",
-      "optional": true,
-      "dependencies": {
-        "@types/node": "*"
-      }
-    },
     "node_modules/@ungap/structured-clone": {
       "version": "1.2.0",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@ungap/structured-clone/-/structured-clone-1.2.0.tgz",
@@ -1377,18 +1361,6 @@
         "acorn": "^6.0.0 || ^7.0.0 || ^8.0.0"
       }
     },
-    "node_modules/agent-base": {
-      "version": "6.0.2",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/agent-base/-/agent-base-6.0.2.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-RZNwNclF7+MS/8bDg70amg32dyeZGZxiDuQmZxKLAlQjr3jGyLx+4Kkk58UO7D2QdgFIQCovuSuZESne6RG6XQ==",
-      "optional": true,
-      "dependencies": {
-        "debug": "4"
-      },
-      "engines": {
-        "node": ">= 6.0.0"
-      }
-    },
     "node_modules/ajv": {
       "version": "6.12.6",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/ajv/-/ajv-6.12.6.tgz",
@@ -1492,28 +1464,11 @@
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/array-flatten/-/array-flatten-1.1.1.tgz",
       "integrity": "sha1-ml9pkFGx5wczKPKgCJaLZOopVdI="
     },
-    "node_modules/asn1.js": {
-      "version": "5.4.1",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/asn1.js/-/asn1.js-5.4.1.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-+I//4cYPccV8LdmBLiX8CYvf9Sp3vQsrqu2QNXRcrbiWvcx/UdlFiqUJJzxRQxgsZmvhXhn4cSKeSmoFjVdupA==",
-      "dependencies": {
-        "bn.js": "^4.0.0",
-        "inherits": "^2.0.1",
-        "minimalistic-assert": "^1.0.0",
-        "safer-buffer": "^2.1.0"
-      }
-    },
     "node_modules/async": {
       "version": "3.2.4",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/async/-/async-3.2.4.tgz",
       "integrity": "sha512-iAB+JbDEGXhyIUavoDl9WP/Jj106Kz9DEn1DPgYw5ruDn0e3Wgi3sKFm55sASdGBNOQB8F59d9qQ7deqrHA8wQ=="
     },
-    "node_modules/asynckit": {
-      "version": "0.4.0",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/asynckit/-/asynckit-0.4.0.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-Oei9OH4tRh0YqU3GxhX79dM/mwVgvbZJaSNaRk+bshkj0S5cfHcgYakreBjrHwatXKbz+IoIdYLxrKim2MjW0Q==",
-      "optional": true
-    },
     "node_modules/atob": {
       "version": "2.1.2",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/atob/-/atob-2.1.2.tgz",
@@ -1525,17 +1480,6 @@
         "node": ">= 4.5.0"
       }
     },
-    "node_modules/axios": {
-      "version": "1.6.5",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/axios/-/axios-1.6.5.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-Ii012v05KEVuUoFWmMW/UQv9aRIc3ZwkWDcM+h5Il8izZCtRVpDUfwpoFf7eOtajT3QiGR4yDUx7lPqHJULgbg==",
-      "optional": true,
-      "dependencies": {
-        "follow-redirects": "^1.15.4",
-        "form-data": "^4.0.0",
-        "proxy-from-env": "^1.1.0"
-      }
-    },
     "node_modules/babel-jest": {
       "version": "29.7.0",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/babel-jest/-/babel-jest-29.7.0.tgz",
@@ -1667,11 +1611,6 @@
         "node": ">=8"
       }
     },
-    "node_modules/bn.js": {
-      "version": "4.12.0",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/bn.js/-/bn.js-4.12.0.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-c98Bf3tPniI+scsdk237ku1Dc3ujXQTSgyiPUDEOe7tRkhrqridvh8klBv0HCEso1OLOYcHuCv/cS6DNxKH+ZA=="
-    },
     "node_modules/body-parser": {
       "version": "1.20.2",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/body-parser/-/body-parser-1.20.2.tgz",
@@ -1725,11 +1664,6 @@
         "node": ">=8"
       }
     },
-    "node_modules/brorand": {
-      "version": "1.1.0",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/brorand/-/brorand-1.1.0.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha1-EsJe/kCkXjwyPrhnWgoM5XsiNx8="
-    },
     "node_modules/browserslist": {
       "version": "4.22.1",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/browserslist/-/browserslist-4.22.1.tgz",
@@ -1782,7 +1716,7 @@
     "node_modules/buffer-equal-constant-time": {
       "version": "1.0.1",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/buffer-equal-constant-time/-/buffer-equal-constant-time-1.0.1.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha1-+OcRMvf/5uAaXJaXpMbz5I1cyBk="
+      "integrity": "sha512-zRpUiDwd/xk6ADqPMATG8vc9VPrkck7T07OIx0gnjmJAnHnTVXNQG3vfvWNuiZIkwu9KrKdA1iJKfsfTVxE6NA=="
     },
     "node_modules/buffer-from": {
       "version": "1.1.1",
@@ -1977,28 +1911,6 @@
         "fsevents": "~2.3.2"
       }
     },
-    "node_modules/chromedriver": {
-      "version": "120.0.1",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/chromedriver/-/chromedriver-120.0.1.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-ETTJlkibcAmvoKsaEoq2TFqEsJw18N0O9gOQZX6Uv/XoEiOV8p+IZdidMeIRYELWJIgCZESvlOx5d1QVnB4v0w==",
-      "hasInstallScript": true,
-      "optional": true,
-      "dependencies": {
-        "@testim/chrome-version": "^1.1.4",
-        "axios": "^1.6.0",
-        "compare-versions": "^6.1.0",
-        "extract-zip": "^2.0.1",
-        "https-proxy-agent": "^5.0.1",
-        "proxy-from-env": "^1.1.0",
-        "tcp-port-used": "^1.0.2"
-      },
-      "bin": {
-        "chromedriver": "bin/chromedriver"
-      },
-      "engines": {
-        "node": ">=18"
-      }
-    },
     "node_modules/ci-info": {
       "version": "3.9.0",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/ci-info/-/ci-info-3.9.0.tgz",
@@ -2090,24 +2002,6 @@
         "text-hex": "1.0.x"
       }
     },
-    "node_modules/combined-stream": {
-      "version": "1.0.8",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/combined-stream/-/combined-stream-1.0.8.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-FQN4MRfuJeHf7cBbBMJFXhKSDq+2kAArBlmRBvcvFE5BB1HZKXtSFASDhdlz9zOYwxh8lDdnvmMOe/+5cdoEdg==",
-      "optional": true,
-      "dependencies": {
-        "delayed-stream": "~1.0.0"
-      },
-      "engines": {
-        "node": ">= 0.8"
-      }
-    },
-    "node_modules/compare-versions": {
-      "version": "6.1.0",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/compare-versions/-/compare-versions-6.1.0.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-LNZQXhqUvqUTotpZ00qLSaify3b4VFD588aRr8MKFw4CMUr98ytzCW5wDH5qx/DEY5kCDXcbcRuCqL0szEf2tg==",
-      "optional": true
-    },
     "node_modules/compressible": {
       "version": "2.0.18",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/compressible/-/compressible-2.0.18.tgz",
@@ -2341,7 +2235,7 @@
       "version": "0.1.3",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/deep-is/-/deep-is-0.1.3.tgz",
       "integrity": "sha1-s2nW+128E+7PUk+RsHD+7cNXzzQ=",
-      "devOptional": true
+      "dev": true
     },
     "node_modules/deepmerge": {
       "version": "4.3.1",
@@ -2368,15 +2262,6 @@
         "url": "https://github.com/sponsors/ljharb"
       }
     },
-    "node_modules/delayed-stream": {
-      "version": "1.0.0",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/delayed-stream/-/delayed-stream-1.0.0.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-ZySD7Nf91aLB0RxL4KGrKHBXl7Eds1DAmEdcoVawXnLD7SDhpNgtuII2aAkg7a7QS41jxPSZ17p4VdGnMHk3MQ==",
-      "optional": true,
-      "engines": {
-        "node": ">=0.4.0"
-      }
-    },
     "node_modules/depd": {
       "version": "2.0.0",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/depd/-/depd-2.0.0.tgz",
@@ -2443,20 +2328,6 @@
       "integrity": "sha512-kMGVZLP65O2/oH7zzaoIA5hcr4/xPYO6Sa83FrIpWcd7YPPtSlxqwxTd8lJIwKxaiXM6FGsYK4ukyJ40XkW7jg==",
       "dev": true
     },
-    "node_modules/elliptic": {
-      "version": "6.5.4",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/elliptic/-/elliptic-6.5.4.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-iLhC6ULemrljPZb+QutR5TQGB+pdW6KGD5RSegS+8sorOZT+rdQFbsQFJgvN3eRqNALqJer4oQ16YvJHlU8hzQ==",
-      "dependencies": {
-        "bn.js": "^4.11.9",
-        "brorand": "^1.1.0",
-        "hash.js": "^1.0.0",
-        "hmac-drbg": "^1.0.1",
-        "inherits": "^2.0.4",
-        "minimalistic-assert": "^1.0.1",
-        "minimalistic-crypto-utils": "^1.0.1"
-      }
-    },
     "node_modules/emittery": {
       "version": "0.13.1",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/emittery/-/emittery-0.13.1.tgz",
@@ -2488,15 +2359,6 @@
         "node": ">= 0.8"
       }
     },
-    "node_modules/end-of-stream": {
-      "version": "1.4.4",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/end-of-stream/-/end-of-stream-1.4.4.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-+uw1inIHVPQoaVuHzRyXd21icM+cnt4CzD5rW+NC1wjOUSTOs+Te7FOv7AhN7vS9x/oIyhLP5PR1H+phQAHu5Q==",
-      "optional": true,
-      "dependencies": {
-        "once": "^1.4.0"
-      }
-    },
     "node_modules/error-ex": {
       "version": "1.3.2",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/error-ex/-/error-ex-1.3.2.tgz",
@@ -2878,36 +2740,6 @@
         }
       ]
     },
-    "node_modules/extract-zip": {
-      "version": "2.0.1",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/extract-zip/-/extract-zip-2.0.1.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-GDhU9ntwuKyGXdZBUgTIe+vXnWj0fppUEtMDL0+idd5Sta8TGpHssn/eusA9mrPr9qNDym6SxAYZjNvCn/9RBg==",
-      "optional": true,
-      "dependencies": {
-        "@types/yauzl": "^2.9.1",
-        "debug": "^4.1.1",
-        "get-stream": "^5.1.0",
-        "yauzl": "^2.10.0"
-      },
-      "bin": {
-        "extract-zip": "cli.js"
-      },
-      "engines": {
-        "node": ">= 10.17.0"
-      }
-    },
-    "node_modules/extract-zip/node_modules/get-stream": {
-      "version": "5.2.0",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/get-stream/-/get-stream-5.2.0.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-nBF+F1rAZVCu/p7rjzgA+Yb4lfYXrpl7a6VmJrU8wF9I1CKvP/QwPNZHnOlwbTkY6dvtFIzFMSyQXbLoTQPRpA==",
-      "optional": true,
-      "dependencies": {
-        "pump": "^3.0.0"
-      },
-      "engines": {
-        "node": ">=8"
-      }
-    },
     "node_modules/fast-deep-equal": {
       "version": "3.1.3",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/fast-deep-equal/-/fast-deep-equal-3.1.3.tgz",
@@ -3046,40 +2878,6 @@
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/fn.name/-/fn.name-1.1.0.tgz",
       "integrity": "sha512-GRnmB5gPyJpAhTQdSZTSp9uaPSvl09KoYcMQtsB9rQoOmzs9dH6ffeccH+Z+cv6P68Hu5bC6JjRh4Ah/mHSNRw=="
     },
-    "node_modules/follow-redirects": {
-      "version": "1.15.5",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/follow-redirects/-/follow-redirects-1.15.5.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-vSFWUON1B+yAw1VN4xMfxgn5fTUiaOzAJCKBwIIgT/+7CuGy9+r+5gITvP62j3RmaD5Ph65UaERdOSRGUzZtgw==",
-      "funding": [
-        {
-          "type": "individual",
-          "url": "https://github.com/sponsors/RubenVerborgh"
-        }
-      ],
-      "optional": true,
-      "engines": {
-        "node": ">=4.0"
-      },
-      "peerDependenciesMeta": {
-        "debug": {
-          "optional": true
-        }
-      }
-    },
-    "node_modules/form-data": {
-      "version": "4.0.0",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/form-data/-/form-data-4.0.0.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-ETEklSGi5t0QMZuiXoA/Q6vcnxcLQP5vdugSpuAyi6SVGi2clPPp+xgEhuMaHC+zGgn31Kd235W35f7Hykkaww==",
-      "optional": true,
-      "dependencies": {
-        "asynckit": "^0.4.0",
-        "combined-stream": "^1.0.8",
-        "mime-types": "^2.1.12"
-      },
-      "engines": {
-        "node": ">= 6"
-      }
-    },
     "node_modules/forwarded": {
       "version": "0.2.0",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/forwarded/-/forwarded-0.2.0.tgz",
@@ -3312,15 +3110,6 @@
         "url": "https://github.com/sponsors/ljharb"
       }
     },
-    "node_modules/hash.js": {
-      "version": "1.1.7",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/hash.js/-/hash.js-1.1.7.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-taOaskGt4z4SOANNseOviYDvjEJinIkRgmp7LbKP2YTTmVxWBl87s/uzK9r+44BclBSp2X7K1hqeNfz9JbBeXA==",
-      "dependencies": {
-        "inherits": "^2.0.3",
-        "minimalistic-assert": "^1.0.1"
-      }
-    },
     "node_modules/hasown": {
       "version": "2.0.2",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/hasown/-/hasown-2.0.2.tgz",
@@ -3340,16 +3129,6 @@
         "node": ">=16.0.0"
       }
     },
-    "node_modules/hmac-drbg": {
-      "version": "1.0.1",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/hmac-drbg/-/hmac-drbg-1.0.1.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha1-0nRXAQJabHdabFRXk+1QL8DGSaE=",
-      "dependencies": {
-        "hash.js": "^1.0.3",
-        "minimalistic-assert": "^1.0.0",
-        "minimalistic-crypto-utils": "^1.0.1"
-      }
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     "node_modules/html-escaper": {
       "version": "2.0.2",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/html-escaper/-/html-escaper-2.0.2.tgz",
@@ -3371,19 +3150,6 @@
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-      "version": "5.0.1",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/https-proxy-agent/-/https-proxy-agent-5.0.1.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-dFcAjpTQFgoLMzC2VwU+C/CbS7uRL0lWmxDITmqm7C+7F0Odmj6s9l6alZc6AELXhrnggM2CeWSXHGOdX2YtwA==",
-      "optional": true,
-      "dependencies": {
-        "agent-base": "6",
-        "debug": "4"
-      },
-      "engines": {
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     "node_modules/human-signals": {
       "version": "2.1.0",
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@@ -3580,35 +3346,6 @@
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-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/is-url/-/is-url-1.2.4.tgz",
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-      "version": "2.0.6",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/is2/-/is2-2.0.6.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-+Z62OHOjA6k2sUDOKXoZI3EXv7Fb1K52jpTBLbkfx62bcUeSsrTBLhEquCRDKTx0XE5XbHcG/S2vrtE3lnEDsQ==",
-      "optional": true,
-      "dependencies": {
-        "deep-is": "^0.1.3",
-        "ip-regex": "^4.1.0",
-        "is-url": "^1.2.4"
-      },
-      "engines": {
-        "node": ">=v0.10.0"
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-    },
-    "node_modules/is2/node_modules/ip-regex": {
-      "version": "4.3.0",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/ip-regex/-/ip-regex-4.3.0.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-B9ZWJxHHOHUhUjCPrMpLD4xEq35bUTClHM1S6CBU5ixQnkZmwipwgc96vAd7AAGM9TGHvJR+Uss+/Ak6UphK+Q==",
-      "optional": true,
-      "engines": {
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       "version": "1.0.0",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/isarray/-/isarray-1.0.0.tgz",
@@ -4373,16 +4110,6 @@
         "safe-buffer": "^5.0.1"
       }
     },
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@@ -8628,23 +8143,6 @@
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-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/form-data/-/form-data-4.0.0.tgz",
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@@ -8802,15 +8300,6 @@
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@@ -8824,16 +8313,6 @@
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-        "minimalistic-assert": "^1.0.0",
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@@ -8852,16 +8331,6 @@
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       }
     },
-    "https-proxy-agent": {
-      "version": "5.0.1",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/https-proxy-agent/-/https-proxy-agent-5.0.1.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-dFcAjpTQFgoLMzC2VwU+C/CbS7uRL0lWmxDITmqm7C+7F0Odmj6s9l6alZc6AELXhrnggM2CeWSXHGOdX2YtwA==",
-      "optional": true,
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-        "debug": "4"
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       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/human-signals/-/human-signals-2.1.0.tgz",
@@ -9001,31 +8470,6 @@
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-      "version": "1.2.4",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/is-url/-/is-url-1.2.4.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-ITvGim8FhRiYe4IQ5uHSkj7pVaPDrCTkNd3yq3cV7iZAcJdHTUMPMEHcqSOy9xZ9qFenQCvi+2wjH9a1nXqHww==",
-      "optional": true
-    },
-    "is2": {
-      "version": "2.0.6",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/is2/-/is2-2.0.6.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-+Z62OHOjA6k2sUDOKXoZI3EXv7Fb1K52jpTBLbkfx62bcUeSsrTBLhEquCRDKTx0XE5XbHcG/S2vrtE3lnEDsQ==",
-      "optional": true,
-      "requires": {
-        "deep-is": "^0.1.3",
-        "ip-regex": "^4.1.0",
-        "is-url": "^1.2.4"
-      },
-      "dependencies": {
-        "ip-regex": {
-          "version": "4.3.0",
-          "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/ip-regex/-/ip-regex-4.3.0.tgz",
-          "integrity": "sha512-B9ZWJxHHOHUhUjCPrMpLD4xEq35bUTClHM1S6CBU5ixQnkZmwipwgc96vAd7AAGM9TGHvJR+Uss+/Ak6UphK+Q==",
-          "optional": true
-        }
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       "version": "1.0.0",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/isarray/-/isarray-1.0.0.tgz",
@@ -9622,16 +9066,6 @@
         "safe-buffer": "^5.0.1"
       }
     },
-    "jwk-to-pem": {
-      "version": "2.0.5",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/jwk-to-pem/-/jwk-to-pem-2.0.5.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-L90jwellhO8jRKYwbssU9ifaMVqajzj3fpRjDKcsDzrslU9syRbFqfkXtT4B89HYAap+xsxNcxgBSB09ig+a7A==",
-      "requires": {
-        "asn1.js": "^5.3.0",
-        "elliptic": "^6.5.4",
-        "safe-buffer": "^5.0.1"
-      }
-    },
     "jws": {
       "version": "3.2.2",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/jws/-/jws-3.2.2.tgz",
@@ -9641,15 +9075,6 @@
         "safe-buffer": "^5.0.1"
       }
     },
-    "keycloak-connect": {
-      "version": "24.0.1",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/keycloak-connect/-/keycloak-connect-24.0.1.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-DlXI6fPR+t58pKVECxvOua5S/rws0CU3yz2juxKQor4b8PKoY0sN/QZ2vxBGPHmvMKtH8VodmPJA2k/VoiD5uw==",
-      "requires": {
-        "chromedriver": "latest",
-        "jwk-to-pem": "^2.0.0"
-      }
-    },
     "kleur": {
       "version": "3.0.3",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/kleur/-/kleur-3.0.3.tgz",
@@ -9708,32 +9133,32 @@
     "lodash.includes": {
       "version": "4.3.0",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/lodash.includes/-/lodash.includes-4.3.0.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha1-YLuYqHy5I8aMoeUTJUgzFISfVT8="
+      "integrity": "sha512-W3Bx6mdkRTGtlJISOvVD/lbqjTlPPUDTMnlXZFnVwi9NKJ6tiAk6LVdlhZMm17VZisqhKcgzpO5Wz91PCt5b0w=="
     },
     "lodash.isboolean": {
       "version": "3.0.3",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/lodash.isboolean/-/lodash.isboolean-3.0.3.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha1-bC4XHbKiV82WgC/UOwGyDV9YcPY="
+      "integrity": "sha512-Bz5mupy2SVbPHURB98VAcw+aHh4vRV5IPNhILUCsOzRmsTmSQ17jIuqopAentWoehktxGd9e/hbIXq980/1QJg=="
     },
     "lodash.isinteger": {
       "version": "4.0.4",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/lodash.isinteger/-/lodash.isinteger-4.0.4.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha1-YZwK89A/iwTDH1iChAt3sRzWg0M="
+      "integrity": "sha512-DBwtEWN2caHQ9/imiNeEA5ys1JoRtRfY3d7V9wkqtbycnAmTvRRmbHKDV4a0EYc678/dia0jrte4tjYwVBaZUA=="
     },
     "lodash.isnumber": {
       "version": "3.0.3",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/lodash.isnumber/-/lodash.isnumber-3.0.3.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha1-POdoEMWSjQM1IwGsKHMX8RwLH/w="
+      "integrity": "sha512-QYqzpfwO3/CWf3XP+Z+tkQsfaLL/EnUlXWVkIk5FUPc4sBdTehEqZONuyRt2P67PXAk+NXmTBcc97zw9t1FQrw=="
     },
     "lodash.isplainobject": {
       "version": "4.0.6",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/lodash.isplainobject/-/lodash.isplainobject-4.0.6.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha1-fFJqUtibRcRcxpC4gWO+BJf1UMs="
+      "integrity": "sha512-oSXzaWypCMHkPC3NvBEaPHf0KsA5mvPrOPgQWDsbg8n7orZ290M0BmC/jgRZ4vcJ6DTAhjrsSYgdsW/F+MFOBA=="
     },
     "lodash.isstring": {
       "version": "4.0.1",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/lodash.isstring/-/lodash.isstring-4.0.1.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha1-1SfftUVuynzJu5XV2ur4i6VKVFE="
+      "integrity": "sha512-0wJxfxH1wgO3GrbuP+dTTk7op+6L41QCXbGINEmD+ny/G/eCqGzxyCsh7159S+mgDDcoarnBw6PC1PS5+wUGgw=="
     },
     "lodash.merge": {
       "version": "4.6.2",
@@ -9744,7 +9169,7 @@
     "lodash.once": {
       "version": "4.1.1",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/lodash.once/-/lodash.once-4.1.1.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha1-DdOXEhPHxW34gJd9UEyI+0cal6w="
+      "integrity": "sha512-Sb487aTOCr9drQVL8pIxOzVhafOjZN9UU54hiN8PU3uAiSV7lx1yYNpbNmex2PK6dSJoNTSJUUswT651yww3Mg=="
     },
     "logform": {
       "version": "2.6.0",
@@ -9860,16 +9285,6 @@
       "integrity": "sha512-OqbOk5oEQeAZ8WXWydlu9HJjz9WVdEIvamMCcXmuqUYjTknH/sqsWvhQ3vgwKFRR1HpjvNBKQ37nbJgYzGqGcg==",
       "dev": true
     },
-    "minimalistic-assert": {
-      "version": "1.0.1",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/minimalistic-assert/-/minimalistic-assert-1.0.1.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-UtJcAD4yEaGtjPezWuO9wC4nwUnVH/8/Im3yEHQP4b67cXlD/Qr9hdITCU1xDbSEXg2XKNaP8jsReV7vQd00/A=="
-    },
-    "minimalistic-crypto-utils": {
-      "version": "1.0.1",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/minimalistic-crypto-utils/-/minimalistic-crypto-utils-1.0.1.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha1-9sAMHAsIIkblxNmd+4x8CDsrWCo="
-    },
     "minimatch": {
       "version": "3.1.2",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/minimatch/-/minimatch-3.1.2.tgz",
@@ -10003,7 +9418,7 @@
       "version": "1.4.0",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/once/-/once-1.4.0.tgz",
       "integrity": "sha1-WDsap3WWHUsROsF9nFC6753Xa9E=",
-      "devOptional": true,
+      "dev": true,
       "requires": {
         "wrappy": "1"
       }
@@ -10238,28 +9653,12 @@
         "ipaddr.js": "1.9.1"
       }
     },
-    "proxy-from-env": {
-      "version": "1.1.0",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/proxy-from-env/-/proxy-from-env-1.1.0.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-D+zkORCbA9f1tdWRK0RaCR3GPv50cMxcrz4X8k5LTSUD1Dkw47mKJEZQNunItRTkWwgtaUSo1RVFRIG9ZXiFYg==",
-      "optional": true
-    },
     "pstree.remy": {
       "version": "1.1.8",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/pstree.remy/-/pstree.remy-1.1.8.tgz",
       "integrity": "sha512-77DZwxQmxKnu3aR542U+X8FypNzbfJ+C5XQDk3uWjWxn6151aIMGthWYRXTqT1E5oJvg+ljaa2OJi+VfvCOQ8w==",
       "dev": true
     },
-    "pump": {
-      "version": "3.0.0",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/pump/-/pump-3.0.0.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-LwZy+p3SFs1Pytd/jYct4wpv49HiYCqd9Rlc5ZVdk0V+8Yzv6jR5Blk3TRmPL1ft69TxP0IMZGJ+WPFU2BFhww==",
-      "optional": true,
-      "requires": {
-        "end-of-stream": "^1.1.0",
-        "once": "^1.3.1"
-      }
-    },
     "punycode": {
       "version": "2.3.1",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/punycode/-/punycode-2.3.1.tgz",
@@ -10679,33 +10078,6 @@
       "integrity": "sha512-ot0WnXS9fgdkgIcePe6RHNk1WA8+muPa6cSjeR3V8K27q9BB1rTE3R1p7Hv0z1ZyAc8s6Vvv8DIyWf681MAt0w==",
       "dev": true
     },
-    "tcp-port-used": {
-      "version": "1.0.2",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/tcp-port-used/-/tcp-port-used-1.0.2.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-l7ar8lLUD3XS1V2lfoJlCBaeoaWo/2xfYt81hM7VlvR4RrMVFqfmzfhLVk40hAb368uitje5gPtBRL1m/DGvLA==",
-      "optional": true,
-      "requires": {
-        "debug": "4.3.1",
-        "is2": "^2.0.6"
-      },
-      "dependencies": {
-        "debug": {
-          "version": "4.3.1",
-          "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/debug/-/debug-4.3.1.tgz",
-          "integrity": "sha512-doEwdvm4PCeK4K3RQN2ZC2BYUBaxwLARCqZmMjtF8a51J2Rb0xpVloFRnCODwqjpwnAoao4pelN8l3RJdv3gRQ==",
-          "optional": true,
-          "requires": {
-            "ms": "2.1.2"
-          }
-        },
-        "ms": {
-          "version": "2.1.2",
-          "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/ms/-/ms-2.1.2.tgz",
-          "integrity": "sha512-sGkPx+VjMtmA6MX27oA4FBFELFCZZ4S4XqeGOXCv68tT+jb3vk/RyaKWP0PTKyWtmLSM0b+adUTEvbs1PEaH2w==",
-          "optional": true
-        }
-      }
-    },
     "telejson": {
       "version": "7.2.0",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/telejson/-/telejson-7.2.0.tgz",
@@ -10997,7 +10369,7 @@
       "version": "1.0.2",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/wrappy/-/wrappy-1.0.2.tgz",
       "integrity": "sha1-tSQ9jz7BqjXxNkYFvA0QNuMKtp8=",
-      "devOptional": true
+      "dev": true
     },
     "write-file-atomic": {
       "version": "4.0.2",
diff --git a/app/package.json b/app/package.json
index a8bfc06..ad4b0c4 100644
--- a/app/package.json
+++ b/app/package.json
@@ -42,7 +42,6 @@
     "helmet": "^7.1.0",
     "js-yaml": "^4.1.0",
     "jsonwebtoken": "^9.0.2",
-    "keycloak-connect": "^24.0.1",
     "lockfile": "^1.0.4",
     "mime-types": "^2.1.35",
     "multer": "^1.4.4-lts.1",
diff --git a/app/src/components/keycloak.js b/app/src/components/keycloak.js
deleted file mode 100644
index d4b5283..0000000
--- a/app/src/components/keycloak.js
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,16 +0,0 @@
-const config = require('config');
-const Keycloak = require('keycloak-connect');
-
-module.exports = new Keycloak({}, {
-  bearerOnly: true,
-  'confidential-port': 0,
-  clientId: config.has('keycloak.clientId') ? config.get('keycloak.clientId') : undefined,
-  'policy-enforcer': {},
-  realm: config.has('keycloak.realm') ? config.get('keycloak.realm') : undefined,
-  realmPublicKey: config.has('keycloak.publicKey') ? config.get('keycloak.publicKey') : undefined,
-  secret: config.has('keycloak.clientSecret') ? config.get('keycloak.clientSecret') : undefined,
-  serverUrl: config.has('keycloak.serverUrl') ? config.get('keycloak.serverUrl') : undefined,
-  'ssl-required': 'external',
-  'use-resource-role-mappings': false,
-  'verify-token-audience': true
-});
diff --git a/app/src/components/utils.js b/app/src/components/utils.js
index 10bdf83..a16cccb 100644
--- a/app/src/components/utils.js
+++ b/app/src/components/utils.js
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+const config = require('config');
 const { existsSync, readFileSync } = require('fs');
 const { join } = require('path');
 const { v4: uuidv4 } = require('uuid');
@@ -39,6 +40,31 @@ module.exports = {
     return `${name}.${extension}`;
   },
 
+  /**
+   * @function getConfigBoolean
+   * Gets the value of a boolean node-config key.
+   * Keys that don't exist in the config are automatically converted to `false`,
+   * thus avoiding the need to either call `config.has()` first, or wrap `config.get()`
+   * inside a try-catch block every time.
+   * @param {string} key the configuration value to look up. Must be either true, false, or not exist in the config.
+   * @returns {boolean} `true` if key exists in config and is true, `false` otherwise
+   */
+  getConfigBoolean(key) {
+    try {
+      const getConfig = config.get(key);
+
+      // isTruthy() can't handle undefined / null, so we have to do that here
+      // @see {@link https://github.com/node-config/node-config/wiki/Common-Usage#using-config-values}
+      if (getConfig === undefined || getConfig === null) return false;
+      else {
+        return module.exports.isTruthy(getConfig);
+      }
+    }
+    catch (e) {
+      return false;
+    }
+  },
+
   /**
    * @function getFileExtension
    * From a string representing a filename, get the extension if there is one
@@ -77,6 +103,20 @@ module.exports = {
     }
   },
 
+  /**
+   * @function isTruthy
+   * Returns true if the element name in the object contains a truthy value
+   * @param {object} value The object to evaluate
+   * @returns {boolean} True if truthy, false if not, and undefined if undefined
+   */
+  isTruthy(value) {
+    if (value === undefined) return value;
+
+    const isStr = typeof value === 'string' || value instanceof String;
+    const trueStrings = ['true', 't', 'yes', 'y', '1'];
+    return value === true || value === 1 || isStr && trueStrings.includes(value.toLowerCase());
+  },
+
   /**
    * @function prettyStringify
    * Returns a pretty JSON representation of an object
diff --git a/app/src/docs/index.js b/app/src/docs/index.js
index f327f7e..4804a7d 100644
--- a/app/src/docs/index.js
+++ b/app/src/docs/index.js
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ const config = require('config');
 const fs = require('fs');
 const path = require('path');
 const { load } = require('js-yaml');
+const { getConfigBoolean } = require('../components/utils');
 
 module.exports = {
   /**
@@ -44,7 +45,7 @@ module.exports = {
     const spec = load(rawSpec);
     spec.servers[0].url = `/api/${version}`;
 
-    if (config.has('keycloak.enabled')) {
+    if (getConfigBoolean('keycloak.enabled')) {
       // Dynamically update OIDC endpoint url
       spec.components.securitySchemes.OpenID.openIdConnectUrl = `${config.get('keycloak.serverUrl')}/realms/${config.get('keycloak.realm')}/.well-known/openid-configuration`;
     } else {
diff --git a/app/src/docs/v2.api-spec.yaml b/app/src/docs/v2.api-spec.yaml
index 3409841..6279579 100644
--- a/app/src/docs/v2.api-spec.yaml
+++ b/app/src/docs/v2.api-spec.yaml
@@ -34,6 +34,8 @@ paths:
             application/json:
               schema:
                 $ref: "#/components/schemas/FileTypes"
+        "401":
+          $ref: "#/components/responses/UnauthorizedError"
         default:
           description: Unexpected error
           content:
@@ -51,6 +53,8 @@ paths:
       responses:
         "200":
           description: Indicates API is running
+        "401":
+          $ref: "#/components/responses/UnauthorizedError"
         default:
           description: Unexpected error
           content:
@@ -92,6 +96,8 @@ paths:
               example: 742d642a4704eb1babd8122ce0f03f209354279ae8292bb3961d13e21578b855
         "400":
           $ref: "#/components/responses/BadRequest"
+        "401":
+          $ref: "#/components/responses/UnauthorizedError"
         "405":
           description: Template already cached
           content:
@@ -165,6 +171,8 @@ paths:
                 description: Raw binary-encoded response
         "400":
           $ref: "#/components/responses/BadRequest"
+        "401":
+          $ref: "#/components/responses/UnauthorizedError"
         "404":
           $ref: "#/components/responses/NotFound"
         default:
@@ -265,6 +273,8 @@ paths:
               example: 742d642a4704eb1babd8122ce0f03f209354279ae8292bb3961d13e21578b855
         "400":
           $ref: "#/components/responses/BadRequest"
+        "401":
+          $ref: "#/components/responses/UnauthorizedError"
         "405":
           $ref: "#/components/responses/MethodNotAllowed"
         "422":
@@ -333,6 +343,8 @@ paths:
               example: 742d642a4704eb1babd8122ce0f03f209354279ae8292bb3961d13e21578b855
         "400":
           $ref: "#/components/responses/BadRequest"
+        "401":
+          $ref: "#/components/responses/UnauthorizedError"
         "405":
           $ref: "#/components/responses/MethodNotAllowed"
         "422":
@@ -512,6 +524,17 @@ components:
                 - $ref: "#/components/schemas/InlineTemplateObject"
                 - type: object
                   description: An object containing the document template to merge into
+    UnauthorizedError:
+      allOf:
+        - $ref: "#/components/schemas/Problem"
+        - type: object
+          properties:
+            status:
+              example: 401
+            title:
+              example: Unauthorized
+            type:
+              example: "https://httpstatuses.com/401"
     ValidationError:
       allOf:
         - $ref: "#/components/schemas/Problem"
@@ -571,6 +594,10 @@ components:
             $ref: "#/components/schemas/NotFound"
     UnauthorizedError:
       description: Access token is missing or invalid
+      content:
+        application/json:
+          schema:
+            $ref: "#/components/schemas/UnauthorizedError"
     UnprocessableEntity:
       description: >-
         The server was unable to process the contained instructions. Generally
diff --git a/app/src/middleware/authorization.js b/app/src/middleware/authorization.js
index 7b08de6..f8b34e4 100644
--- a/app/src/middleware/authorization.js
+++ b/app/src/middleware/authorization.js
@@ -1,19 +1,59 @@
 const config = require('config');
+const jwt = require('jsonwebtoken');
+const Problem = require('api-problem');
 
-const keycloak = require('../components/keycloak');
+const { getConfigBoolean } = require('../components/utils');
+
+/**
+ * @function _spkiWrapper
+ * Wraps an SPKI key with PEM header and footer
+ * @param {string} spki The PEM-encoded Simple public-key infrastructure string
+ * @returns {string} The PEM-encoded SPKI with PEM header and footer
+ */
+const _spkiWrapper = (spki) => `-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----\n${spki}\n-----END PUBLIC KEY-----`;
 
 module.exports = {
   /**
-   * @function protect
-   * Enables keycloak protect only if environment has it enabled
-   * @param {string} [role=undefined] Keycloak protect role-based authorization
-   * @returns {function} An express/connect compatible middleware function
+   * Enables JWT verification only if environment has it enabled.
    */
-  protect: (role = undefined) => {
-    if (config.has('keycloak.enabled')) {
-      return keycloak.protect(role);
+  authenticate: (req, res, next) => {
+
+    if (getConfigBoolean('keycloak.enabled')) {
+      const authorization = req.get('Authorization');
+      if (!authorization || !authorization.startsWith('Bearer ')) {
+        return new Problem(401, {
+          detail: 'An authorization header of the format "Bearer {token}" is required'
+        }).send(res);
+      }
+      const bearerToken = authorization.substring(7);
+
+      try {
+        const publicKey = config.get('keycloak.publicKey');
+        const pemKey = publicKey.startsWith('-----BEGIN') ? publicKey : _spkiWrapper(publicKey);
+
+        jwt.verify(bearerToken, pemKey, {
+          issuer: `${config.get('keycloak.serverUrl')}/realms/${config.get('keycloak.realm')}`
+        });
+        next();
+
+      } catch (err) {
+        if (err instanceof jwt.JsonWebTokenError || err instanceof jwt.TokenExpiredError || err instanceof jwt.NotBeforeError) {
+          return new Problem(401, {
+            detail: err.message
+          }).send(res);
+        }
+        else {
+          // Return HTTP 401 only for JWT errors; the rest should be HTTP 500
+          if (!config.has('keycloak.publicKey')) {
+            throw new Error('OIDC environment variable KC_PUBLICKEY or keycloak.publicKey must be defined');
+          } else {
+            throw(err);
+          }
+        }
+      }
+
     } else {
-      return (_req, _res, next) => next();
+      next();
     }
   }
 };
diff --git a/app/src/routes/v2/index.js b/app/src/routes/v2/index.js
index e4b41a5..868fc82 100644
--- a/app/src/routes/v2/index.js
+++ b/app/src/routes/v2/index.js
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ const fileTypesRouter = require('./fileTypes');
 const healthRouter = require('./health');
 const templateRouter = require('./template');
 
-const { protect } = require('../../middleware/authorization');
+const { authenticate } = require('../../middleware/authorization');
 const { getDocs, getJsonSpec, getYamlSpec } = require('../../middleware/openapi');
 
 const version = 'v2';
@@ -46,12 +46,12 @@ router.get('/api-spec.yaml', docsHelmet, getYamlSpec(version));
 router.get('/docs', docsHelmet, getDocs(version));
 
 /** File Types Router */
-router.get('/fileTypes', protect(), fileTypesRouter);
+router.get('/fileTypes', authenticate, fileTypesRouter);
 
 /** Health Router */
-router.use('/health', protect(), healthRouter);
+router.use('/health', authenticate, healthRouter);
 
 /** Template Router */
-router.use('/template', protect(), templateRouter);
+router.use('/template', authenticate, templateRouter);
 
 module.exports = router;
diff --git a/app/tests/unit/components/authorization.spec.js b/app/tests/unit/components/authorization.spec.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..595dd99
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/tests/unit/components/authorization.spec.js
@@ -0,0 +1,188 @@
+const config = require('config');
+const jwt = require('jsonwebtoken');
+
+const { getConfigBoolean } = require('../../../src/components/utils');
+const { authenticate } = require('../../../src/middleware/authorization');
+const Problem = require('api-problem');
+
+jest.mock('config');
+jest.mock('jsonwebtoken');
+jest.mock('../../../src/components/utils'); // getConfigBoolean
+
+const mockReq = {
+  get: jest.fn()
+};
+const mockRes = jest.fn();
+const mockNext = jest.fn();
+
+describe('authenticate (keycloak.enabled = false)', () => {
+
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    jest.resetAllMocks();
+    getConfigBoolean.mockReturnValueOnce(false);
+  });
+
+  afterAll(() => {
+    jest.restoreAllMocks();
+  });
+
+  it('does not validate JWT when keycloak is disabled in the config', () => {
+    authenticate(mockReq, mockRes, mockNext);
+
+    expect(getConfigBoolean).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    expect(mockReq.get).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(0);
+    expect(mockNext).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+  });
+});
+
+describe('authenticate (keycloak.enabled = true)', () => {
+
+  const authHeader = 'Bearer xxxxx';
+  const publicKey = '-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----\ninsert_spki_here\n-----END PUBLIC KEY-----';
+  const keycloakServerUrl = 'https://dev.loginproxy.gov.bc.ca/auth';
+  const keycloakRealm = 'comsvcauth';
+
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    jest.resetAllMocks();
+    getConfigBoolean.mockReturnValueOnce(true);
+  });
+
+  afterAll(() => {
+    jest.restoreAllMocks();
+  });
+
+  it('authenticates when keycloak is enabled and JWT is valid', () => {
+    mockReq.get.mockReturnValueOnce(authHeader);
+    config.has.mockReturnValueOnce(true);       // keycloak.publicKey
+    config.get.mockReturnValueOnce(publicKey);
+    config.get.mockReturnValueOnce(keycloakServerUrl);
+    config.get.mockReturnValueOnce(keycloakRealm);
+    jwt.verify.mockReturnValueOnce(undefined);  // jwt.verify throws error on fail; it doesn't return anything on success
+
+    authenticate(mockReq, mockRes, mockNext);
+
+    expect(getConfigBoolean).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    expect(config.get).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(3);
+    expect(jwt.verify).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+
+    expect(mockNext).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+  });
+
+  it('throws an error when Keycloak server public key is not defined in config', () => {
+    mockReq.get.mockReturnValueOnce(authHeader);
+    config.has.mockReturnValueOnce(false);       // keycloak.publicKey
+
+    expect(() => {
+      authenticate(mockReq, mockRes, mockNext);
+    }).toThrow(Error);
+
+    expect(config.has).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    expect(config.get).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    expect(jwt.verify).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(0);
+    expect(mockNext).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(0);
+  });
+
+  it('throws an error when Keycloak server URL is not defined in config', () => {
+    mockReq.get.mockReturnValueOnce(authHeader);
+    config.has.mockReturnValueOnce(true);       // keycloak.publicKey
+    config.get.mockReturnValueOnce(publicKey);
+    config.get.mockImplementation(() => {
+      throw new Error();
+    });
+    config.get.mockReturnValueOnce(keycloakRealm);
+
+    expect(() => {
+      authenticate(mockReq, mockRes, mockNext);
+    }).toThrow(Error);
+
+    expect(config.has).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    expect(config.get).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(3);
+    expect(jwt.verify).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(0);
+    expect(mockNext).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(0);
+  });
+
+  it('throws an error when Keycloak realm is not defined in config', () => {
+    mockReq.get.mockReturnValueOnce(authHeader);
+    config.has.mockReturnValueOnce(true);       // keycloak.publicKey
+    config.get.mockReturnValueOnce(publicKey);
+    config.get.mockReturnValueOnce(keycloakServerUrl);
+    config.get.mockImplementation(() => {
+      throw new Error();
+    });
+
+    expect(() => {
+      authenticate(mockReq, mockRes, mockNext);
+    }).toThrow(Error);
+
+    expect(config.has).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    expect(config.get).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(3);
+    expect(jwt.verify).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(0);
+    expect(mockNext).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(0);
+  });
+
+  it('fails when JWT is expired', () => {
+    const apiProblemSpy = jest.spyOn(Problem.prototype, 'send').mockImplementation(() => this);
+
+    mockReq.get.mockReturnValueOnce(authHeader);
+    config.has.mockReturnValueOnce(true);     // keycloak.publicKey
+    config.get.mockReturnValueOnce(publicKey);
+    jwt.verify.mockImplementation(() => {
+      throw new jwt.TokenExpiredError({
+        name: 'TokenExpiredError',
+        message: 'jwt expired',
+        expiredAt: 1408621000
+      });
+    });
+
+    authenticate(mockReq, mockRes, mockNext);
+
+    expect(getConfigBoolean).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    expect(config.get).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(3);
+    expect(apiProblemSpy).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    expect(mockNext).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(0);
+  });
+
+  it('fails when JWT is not valid yet', () => {
+    const apiProblemSpy = jest.spyOn(Problem.prototype, 'send').mockImplementation(() => this);
+
+    mockReq.get.mockReturnValueOnce(authHeader);
+    config.has.mockReturnValueOnce(true);     // keycloak.publicKey
+    config.get.mockReturnValueOnce(publicKey);
+    jwt.verify.mockImplementation(() => {
+      throw new jwt.NotBeforeError({
+        name: 'NotBeforeError',
+        message: 'jwt not active',
+        date: '2018-10-04T16:10:44.000Z'
+      });
+    });
+
+    authenticate(mockReq, mockRes, mockNext);
+
+    expect(getConfigBoolean).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    expect(config.get).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(3);
+    expect(apiProblemSpy).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    expect(mockNext).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(0);
+  });
+
+  it('fails when JWT is malformed', () => {
+    const apiProblemSpy = jest.spyOn(Problem.prototype, 'send').mockImplementation(() => this);
+
+    mockReq.get.mockReturnValueOnce(authHeader);
+    config.has.mockReturnValueOnce(true);     // keycloak.publicKey
+    config.get.mockReturnValueOnce(publicKey);
+    jwt.verify.mockImplementation(() => {
+      throw new jwt.JsonWebTokenError({
+        name: 'JsonWebTokenError',
+        message: 'jwt malformed',
+      });
+    });
+
+    authenticate(mockReq, mockRes, mockNext);
+
+    expect(getConfigBoolean).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    expect(config.get).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(3);
+    expect(apiProblemSpy).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    expect(mockNext).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(0);
+  });
+
+});