diff --git a/.github/workflows/apple.yml b/.github/workflows/apple.yml
index f20bc3c4..4fb3e19b 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/apple.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/apple.yml
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ name: MacOS Python build
 
 on:
   push:
-    branches: [main]
+    branches: [ main ]
   pull_request:
 
 concurrency:
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ jobs:
         build:
           - target_triple: 'aarch64-apple-darwin'
             runner: macos-14
-            py: 'cpython-3.9'
+            py: 'all'
             options: 'debug'
           - target_triple: 'aarch64-apple-darwin'
             runner: macos-14
@@ -58,10 +58,6 @@ jobs:
             py: 'cpython-3.9'
             options: 'pgo+lto'
 
-          - target_triple: 'aarch64-apple-darwin'
-            runner: macos-14
-            py: 'cpython-3.10'
-            options: 'debug'
           - target_triple: 'aarch64-apple-darwin'
             runner: macos-14
             py: 'cpython-3.10'
@@ -71,10 +67,6 @@ jobs:
             py: 'cpython-3.10'
             options: 'pgo+lto'
 
-          - target_triple: 'aarch64-apple-darwin'
-            runner: macos-14
-            py: 'cpython-3.11'
-            options: 'debug'
           - target_triple: 'aarch64-apple-darwin'
             runner: macos-14
             py: 'cpython-3.11'
@@ -84,10 +76,6 @@ jobs:
             py: 'cpython-3.11'
             options: 'pgo+lto'
 
-          - target_triple: 'aarch64-apple-darwin'
-            runner: macos-14
-            py: 'cpython-3.12'
-            options: 'debug'
           - target_triple: 'aarch64-apple-darwin'
             runner: macos-14
             py: 'cpython-3.12'
@@ -97,10 +85,6 @@ jobs:
             py: 'cpython-3.12'
             options: 'pgo+lto'
 
-          - target_triple: 'aarch64-apple-darwin'
-            runner: macos-14
-            py: 'cpython-3.13'
-            options: 'debug'
           - target_triple: 'aarch64-apple-darwin'
             runner: macos-14
             py: 'cpython-3.13'
@@ -128,7 +112,7 @@ jobs:
           # or LTO builds.
           - target_triple: 'x86_64-apple-darwin'
             runner: macos-13
-            py: 'cpython-3.9'
+            py: 'all'
             options: 'debug'
           - target_triple: 'x86_64-apple-darwin'
             runner: macos-13
@@ -139,10 +123,6 @@ jobs:
             py: 'cpython-3.9'
             options: 'pgo+lto'
 
-          - target_triple: 'x86_64-apple-darwin'
-            runner: macos-13
-            py: 'cpython-3.10'
-            options: 'debug'
           - target_triple: 'x86_64-apple-darwin'
             runner: macos-13
             py: 'cpython-3.10'
@@ -152,10 +132,6 @@ jobs:
             py: 'cpython-3.10'
             options: 'pgo+lto'
 
-          - target_triple: 'x86_64-apple-darwin'
-            runner: macos-13
-            py: 'cpython-3.11'
-            options: 'debug'
           - target_triple: 'x86_64-apple-darwin'
             runner: macos-13
             py: 'cpython-3.11'
@@ -165,10 +141,6 @@ jobs:
             py: 'cpython-3.11'
             options: 'pgo+lto'
 
-          - target_triple: 'x86_64-apple-darwin'
-            runner: macos-13
-            py: 'cpython-3.12'
-            options: 'debug'
           - target_triple: 'x86_64-apple-darwin'
             runner: macos-13
             py: 'cpython-3.12'
@@ -178,10 +150,6 @@ jobs:
             py: 'cpython-3.12'
             options: 'pgo+lto'
 
-          - target_triple: 'x86_64-apple-darwin'
-            runner: macos-13
-            py: 'cpython-3.13'
-            options: 'debug'
           - target_triple: 'x86_64-apple-darwin'
             runner: macos-13
             py: 'cpython-3.13'
diff --git a/.github/workflows/linux.yml b/.github/workflows/linux.yml
index c64628e8..1fc2d37d 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/linux.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/linux.yml
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ name: Linux Python build
 
 on:
   push:
-    branches: [main]
+    branches: [ main ]
   pull_request:
 
 concurrency:
@@ -120,688 +120,279 @@ jobs:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
         build:
-          # Cross-compiles can't do PGO.
-
-          - target_triple: 'aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu'
-            py: 'cpython-3.9'
-            options: 'debug'
-          - target_triple: 'aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu'
-            py: 'cpython-3.9'
-            options: 'noopt'
-          - target_triple: 'aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu'
-            py: 'cpython-3.9'
-            options: 'lto'
+          # For non-PGO builds we use the `all` magic Python version to allow
+          # building multiple Python versions on the same job. This amortizes
+          # overheads of building shared dependencies.
+          #
+          # For PGO builds, keep separate CI jobs so there isn't interference
+          # from other jobs when profiling the builds. We could work around this
+          # in the build system by requiring serial execution of the Python
+          # build targets. But PGO also takes a while to run and a monolithic
+          # job may take too long to run if we build all Python versions serially.
+          #
+          # It doesn't make sense to combine different targets or options in the
+          # same job because dependencies will be different. Since they will be
+          # different, splitting into multiple jobs allows us to leverage more
+          # machines / parallelism to get builds completed faster.
 
-          - target_triple: 'aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu'
-            py: 'cpython-3.10'
-            options: 'debug'
-          - target_triple: 'aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu'
-            py: 'cpython-3.10'
-            options: 'noopt'
-          - target_triple: 'aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu'
-            py: 'cpython-3.10'
-            options: 'lto'
-
-          - target_triple: 'aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu'
-            py: 'cpython-3.11'
-            options: 'debug'
-          - target_triple: 'aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu'
-            py: 'cpython-3.11'
-            options: 'noopt'
-          - target_triple: 'aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu'
-            py: 'cpython-3.11'
-            options: 'lto'
+          # Cross-compiles can't do PGO.
 
           - target_triple: 'aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu'
-            py: 'cpython-3.12'
+            py: 'all'
             options: 'debug'
           - target_triple: 'aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu'
-            py: 'cpython-3.12'
+            py: 'all'
             options: 'noopt'
           - target_triple: 'aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu'
-            py: 'cpython-3.12'
+            py: 'all'
             options: 'lto'
 
           # Cross-compiles can't do PGO and require Python 3.9.
           - target_triple: 'armv7-unknown-linux-gnueabi'
-            py: 'cpython-3.9'
-            options: 'debug'
-          - target_triple: 'armv7-unknown-linux-gnueabi'
-            py: 'cpython-3.9'
-            options: 'noopt'
-          - target_triple: 'armv7-unknown-linux-gnueabi'
-            py: 'cpython-3.9'
-            options: 'lto'
-
-          - target_triple: 'armv7-unknown-linux-gnueabi'
-            py: 'cpython-3.10'
-            options: 'debug'
-          - target_triple: 'armv7-unknown-linux-gnueabi'
-            py: 'cpython-3.10'
-            options: 'noopt'
-          - target_triple: 'armv7-unknown-linux-gnueabi'
-            py: 'cpython-3.10'
-            options: 'lto'
-
-          - target_triple: 'armv7-unknown-linux-gnueabi'
-            py: 'cpython-3.11'
-            options: 'debug'
-          - target_triple: 'armv7-unknown-linux-gnueabi'
-            py: 'cpython-3.11'
-            options: 'noopt'
-          - target_triple: 'armv7-unknown-linux-gnueabi'
-            py: 'cpython-3.11'
-            options: 'lto'
-
-          - target_triple: 'armv7-unknown-linux-gnueabi'
-            py: 'cpython-3.12'
+            py: 'all'
             options: 'debug'
           - target_triple: 'armv7-unknown-linux-gnueabi'
-            py: 'cpython-3.12'
+            py: 'all'
             options: 'noopt'
           - target_triple: 'armv7-unknown-linux-gnueabi'
-            py: 'cpython-3.12'
+            py: 'all'
             options: 'lto'
 
           # Cross-compiles can't do PGO and require Python 3.9.
           - target_triple: 'armv7-unknown-linux-gnueabihf'
-            py: 'cpython-3.9'
-            options: 'debug'
-          - target_triple: 'armv7-unknown-linux-gnueabihf'
-            py: 'cpython-3.9'
-            options: 'noopt'
-          - target_triple: 'armv7-unknown-linux-gnueabihf'
-            py: 'cpython-3.9'
-            options: 'lto'
-
-          - target_triple: 'armv7-unknown-linux-gnueabihf'
-            py: 'cpython-3.10'
-            options: 'debug'
-          - target_triple: 'armv7-unknown-linux-gnueabihf'
-            py: 'cpython-3.10'
-            options: 'noopt'
-          - target_triple: 'armv7-unknown-linux-gnueabihf'
-            py: 'cpython-3.10'
-            options: 'lto'
-
-          - target_triple: 'armv7-unknown-linux-gnueabihf'
-            py: 'cpython-3.11'
+            py: 'all'
             options: 'debug'
           - target_triple: 'armv7-unknown-linux-gnueabihf'
-            py: 'cpython-3.11'
+            py: 'all'
             options: 'noopt'
           - target_triple: 'armv7-unknown-linux-gnueabihf'
-            py: 'cpython-3.11'
-            options: 'lto'
-
-          - target_triple: 'armv7-unknown-linux-gnueabihf'
-            py: 'cpython-3.12'
-            options: 'debug'
-          - target_triple: 'armv7-unknown-linux-gnueabihf'
-            py: 'cpython-3.12'
-            options: 'noopt'
-          - target_triple: 'armv7-unknown-linux-gnueabihf'
-            py: 'cpython-3.12'
+            py: 'all'
             options: 'lto'
 
           # Cross-compiles can't do PGO and require Python 3.9.
           - target_triple: 'mips-unknown-linux-gnu'
-            py: 'cpython-3.9'
+            py: 'all'
             options: 'debug'
           - target_triple: 'mips-unknown-linux-gnu'
-            py: 'cpython-3.9'
+            py: 'all'
             options: 'noopt'
           - target_triple: 'mips-unknown-linux-gnu'
-            py: 'cpython-3.9'
-            options: 'lto'
-
-          - target_triple: 'mips-unknown-linux-gnu'
-            py: 'cpython-3.10'
-            options: 'debug'
-          - target_triple: 'mips-unknown-linux-gnu'
-            py: 'cpython-3.10'
-            options: 'noopt'
-          - target_triple: 'mips-unknown-linux-gnu'
-            py: 'cpython-3.10'
-            options: 'lto'
-
-          - target_triple: 'mips-unknown-linux-gnu'
-            py: 'cpython-3.11'
-            options: 'debug'
-          - target_triple: 'mips-unknown-linux-gnu'
-            py: 'cpython-3.11'
-            options: 'noopt'
-          - target_triple: 'mips-unknown-linux-gnu'
-            py: 'cpython-3.11'
-            options: 'lto'
-
-          - target_triple: 'mips-unknown-linux-gnu'
-            py: 'cpython-3.12'
-            options: 'debug'
-          - target_triple: 'mips-unknown-linux-gnu'
-            py: 'cpython-3.12'
-            options: 'noopt'
-          - target_triple: 'mips-unknown-linux-gnu'
-            py: 'cpython-3.12'
+            py: 'all'
             options: 'lto'
 
           # Cross-compiles can't do PGO and require Python 3.9.
           - target_triple: 'mipsel-unknown-linux-gnu'
-            py: 'cpython-3.9'
-            options: 'debug'
-          - target_triple: 'mipsel-unknown-linux-gnu'
-            py: 'cpython-3.9'
-            options: 'noopt'
-          - target_triple: 'mipsel-unknown-linux-gnu'
-            py: 'cpython-3.9'
-            options: 'lto'
-
-          - target_triple: 'mipsel-unknown-linux-gnu'
-            py: 'cpython-3.10'
+            py: 'all'
             options: 'debug'
           - target_triple: 'mipsel-unknown-linux-gnu'
-            py: 'cpython-3.10'
+            py: 'all'
             options: 'noopt'
           - target_triple: 'mipsel-unknown-linux-gnu'
-            py: 'cpython-3.10'
-            options: 'lto'
-
-          - target_triple: 'mipsel-unknown-linux-gnu'
-            py: 'cpython-3.11'
-            options: 'debug'
-          - target_triple: 'mipsel-unknown-linux-gnu'
-            py: 'cpython-3.11'
-            options: 'noopt'
-          - target_triple: 'mipsel-unknown-linux-gnu'
-            py: 'cpython-3.11'
-            options: 'lto'
-
-          - target_triple: 'mipsel-unknown-linux-gnu'
-            py: 'cpython-3.12'
-            options: 'debug'
-          - target_triple: 'mipsel-unknown-linux-gnu'
-            py: 'cpython-3.12'
-            options: 'noopt'
-          - target_triple: 'mipsel-unknown-linux-gnu'
-            py: 'cpython-3.12'
+            py: 'all'
             options: 'lto'
 
           # Cross-compiles can't do PGO and require Python 3.9.
           - target_triple: 's390x-unknown-linux-gnu'
-            py: 'cpython-3.9'
+            py: 'all'
             options: 'debug'
           - target_triple: 's390x-unknown-linux-gnu'
-            py: 'cpython-3.9'
+            py: 'all'
             options: 'noopt'
           - target_triple: 's390x-unknown-linux-gnu'
-            py: 'cpython-3.9'
-            options: 'lto'
-
-          - target_triple: 's390x-unknown-linux-gnu'
-            py: 'cpython-3.10'
-            options: 'debug'
-          - target_triple: 's390x-unknown-linux-gnu'
-            py: 'cpython-3.10'
-            options: 'noopt'
-          - target_triple: 's390x-unknown-linux-gnu'
-            py: 'cpython-3.10'
-            options: 'lto'
-
-          - target_triple: 's390x-unknown-linux-gnu'
-            py: 'cpython-3.11'
-            options: 'debug'
-          - target_triple: 's390x-unknown-linux-gnu'
-            py: 'cpython-3.11'
-            options: 'noopt'
-          - target_triple: 's390x-unknown-linux-gnu'
-            py: 'cpython-3.11'
-            options: 'lto'
-
-          - target_triple: 's390x-unknown-linux-gnu'
-            py: 'cpython-3.12'
-            options: 'debug'
-          - target_triple: 's390x-unknown-linux-gnu'
-            py: 'cpython-3.12'
-            options: 'noopt'
-          - target_triple: 's390x-unknown-linux-gnu'
-            py: 'cpython-3.12'
+            py: 'all'
             options: 'lto'
 
           # Cross-compiles can't do PGO and require Python 3.9.
           - target_triple: 'ppc64le-unknown-linux-gnu'
-            py: 'cpython-3.9'
-            options: 'debug'
-          - target_triple: 'ppc64le-unknown-linux-gnu'
-            py: 'cpython-3.9'
-            options: 'noopt'
-          - target_triple: 'ppc64le-unknown-linux-gnu'
-            py: 'cpython-3.9'
-            options: 'lto'
-
-          - target_triple: 'ppc64le-unknown-linux-gnu'
-            py: 'cpython-3.10'
+            py: 'all'
             options: 'debug'
           - target_triple: 'ppc64le-unknown-linux-gnu'
-            py: 'cpython-3.10'
-            options: 'noopt'
-          - target_triple: 'ppc64le-unknown-linux-gnu'
-            py: 'cpython-3.10'
-            options: 'lto'
-
-          - target_triple: 'ppc64le-unknown-linux-gnu'
-            py: 'cpython-3.11'
-            options: 'debug'
-          - target_triple: 'ppc64le-unknown-linux-gnu'
-            py: 'cpython-3.11'
-            options: 'noopt'
-          - target_triple: 'ppc64le-unknown-linux-gnu'
-            py: 'cpython-3.11'
-            options: 'lto'
-
-          - target_triple: 'ppc64le-unknown-linux-gnu'
-            py: 'cpython-3.12'
-            options: 'debug'
-          - target_triple: 'ppc64le-unknown-linux-gnu'
-            py: 'cpython-3.12'
-            options: 'noopt'
-          - target_triple: 'ppc64le-unknown-linux-gnu'
-            py: 'cpython-3.12'
-            options: 'lto'
-
-          - target_triple: 'x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu'
-            py: 'cpython-3.9'
-            options: 'debug'
-            run: true
-          - target_triple: 'x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu'
-            py: 'cpython-3.9'
-            options: 'pgo'
-            run: true
-          - target_triple: 'x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu'
-            py: 'cpython-3.9'
-            options: 'pgo+lto'
-            run: true
-
-          - target_triple: 'x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu'
-            py: 'cpython-3.10'
-            options: 'debug'
-            run: true
-          - target_triple: 'x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu'
-            py: 'cpython-3.10'
-            options: 'pgo'
-            run: true
-          - target_triple: 'x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu'
-            py: 'cpython-3.10'
-            options: 'pgo+lto'
-            run: true
-
-          - target_triple: 'x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu'
-            py: 'cpython-3.11'
-            options: 'debug'
-            run: true
-          - target_triple: 'x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu'
-            py: 'cpython-3.11'
-            options: 'pgo'
-            run: true
-          - target_triple: 'x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu'
-            py: 'cpython-3.11'
-            options: 'pgo+lto'
-            run: true
-
-          - target_triple: 'x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu'
-            py: 'cpython-3.12'
-            options: 'debug'
-            run: true
-          - target_triple: 'x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu'
-            py: 'cpython-3.12'
-            options: 'pgo'
-            run: true
-          - target_triple: 'x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu'
-            py: 'cpython-3.12'
-            options: 'pgo+lto'
-            run: true
-
-          - target_triple: 'x86_64_v2-unknown-linux-gnu'
-            py: 'cpython-3.9'
-            options: 'debug'
-            run: true
-          - target_triple: 'x86_64_v2-unknown-linux-gnu'
-            py: 'cpython-3.9'
-            options: 'pgo'
-            run: true
-          - target_triple: 'x86_64_v2-unknown-linux-gnu'
-            py: 'cpython-3.9'
-            options: 'pgo+lto'
-            run: true
-
-          - target_triple: 'x86_64_v2-unknown-linux-gnu'
-            py: 'cpython-3.10'
-            options: 'debug'
-            run: true
-          - target_triple: 'x86_64_v2-unknown-linux-gnu'
-            py: 'cpython-3.10'
-            options: 'pgo'
-            run: true
-          - target_triple: 'x86_64_v2-unknown-linux-gnu'
-            py: 'cpython-3.10'
-            options: 'pgo+lto'
-            run: true
-
-          - target_triple: 'x86_64_v2-unknown-linux-gnu'
-            py: 'cpython-3.11'
-            options: 'debug'
-            run: true
-          - target_triple: 'x86_64_v2-unknown-linux-gnu'
-            py: 'cpython-3.11'
-            options: 'pgo'
-            run: true
-          - target_triple: 'x86_64_v2-unknown-linux-gnu'
-            py: 'cpython-3.11'
-            options: 'pgo+lto'
-            run: true
-
-          - target_triple: 'x86_64_v2-unknown-linux-gnu'
-            py: 'cpython-3.12'
-            options: 'debug'
-            run: true
-          - target_triple: 'x86_64_v2-unknown-linux-gnu'
-            py: 'cpython-3.12'
-            options: 'pgo'
-            run: true
-          - target_triple: 'x86_64_v2-unknown-linux-gnu'
-            py: 'cpython-3.12'
-            options: 'pgo+lto'
-            run: true
-
-          - target_triple: 'x86_64_v3-unknown-linux-gnu'
-            py: 'cpython-3.9'
-            options: 'debug'
-            run: true
-          - target_triple: 'x86_64_v3-unknown-linux-gnu'
-            py: 'cpython-3.9'
-            options: 'pgo'
-            run: true
-          - target_triple: 'x86_64_v3-unknown-linux-gnu'
-            py: 'cpython-3.9'
-            options: 'pgo+lto'
-            run: true
-
-          - target_triple: 'x86_64_v3-unknown-linux-gnu'
-            py: 'cpython-3.10'
-            options: 'debug'
-            run: true
-          - target_triple: 'x86_64_v3-unknown-linux-gnu'
-            py: 'cpython-3.10'
-            options: 'pgo'
-            run: true
-          - target_triple: 'x86_64_v3-unknown-linux-gnu'
-            py: 'cpython-3.10'
-            options: 'pgo+lto'
-            run: true
-
-          - target_triple: 'x86_64_v3-unknown-linux-gnu'
-            py: 'cpython-3.11'
-            options: 'debug'
-            run: true
-          - target_triple: 'x86_64_v3-unknown-linux-gnu'
-            py: 'cpython-3.11'
-            options: 'pgo'
-            run: true
-          - target_triple: 'x86_64_v3-unknown-linux-gnu'
-            py: 'cpython-3.11'
-            options: 'pgo+lto'
-            run: true
-
-          - target_triple: 'x86_64_v3-unknown-linux-gnu'
-            py: 'cpython-3.12'
-            options: 'debug'
-            run: true
-          - target_triple: 'x86_64_v3-unknown-linux-gnu'
-            py: 'cpython-3.12'
-            options: 'pgo'
-            run: true
-          - target_triple: 'x86_64_v3-unknown-linux-gnu'
-            py: 'cpython-3.12'
-            options: 'pgo+lto'
-            run: true
-
-          # GitHub Actions runners don't support x86-64-v4 so we can't PGO.
-          - target_triple: 'x86_64_v4-unknown-linux-gnu'
-            py: 'cpython-3.9'
-            options: 'debug'
-          - target_triple: 'x86_64_v4-unknown-linux-gnu'
-            py: 'cpython-3.9'
-            options: 'noopt'
-          - target_triple: 'x86_64_v4-unknown-linux-gnu'
-            py: 'cpython-3.9'
-            options: 'lto'
-
-          # GitHub Actions runners don't support x86-64-v4 so we can't PGO.
-          - target_triple: 'x86_64_v4-unknown-linux-gnu'
-            py: 'cpython-3.10'
-            options: 'debug'
-          - target_triple: 'x86_64_v4-unknown-linux-gnu'
-            py: 'cpython-3.10'
-            options: 'noopt'
-          - target_triple: 'x86_64_v4-unknown-linux-gnu'
-            py: 'cpython-3.10'
-            options: 'lto'
-
-          - target_triple: 'x86_64_v4-unknown-linux-gnu'
-            py: 'cpython-3.11'
-            options: 'debug'
-          - target_triple: 'x86_64_v4-unknown-linux-gnu'
-            py: 'cpython-3.11'
-            options: 'noopt'
-          - target_triple: 'x86_64_v4-unknown-linux-gnu'
-            py: 'cpython-3.11'
-            options: 'lto'
-
-          - target_triple: 'x86_64_v4-unknown-linux-gnu'
-            py: 'cpython-3.12'
-            options: 'debug'
-          - target_triple: 'x86_64_v4-unknown-linux-gnu'
-            py: 'cpython-3.12'
+            py: 'all'
             options: 'noopt'
-          - target_triple: 'x86_64_v4-unknown-linux-gnu'
-            py: 'cpython-3.12'
+          - target_triple: 'ppc64le-unknown-linux-gnu'
+            py: 'all'
             options: 'lto'
 
-          # musl doesn't support PGO.
-
-          - target_triple: 'x86_64-unknown-linux-musl'
-            py: 'cpython-3.9'
+          - target_triple: 'x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu'
+            py: 'all'
             options: 'debug'
             run: true
-          - target_triple: 'x86_64-unknown-linux-musl'
+          - target_triple: 'x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu'
             py: 'cpython-3.9'
-            options: 'noopt'
+            options: 'pgo'
             run: true
-          - target_triple: 'x86_64-unknown-linux-musl'
+          - target_triple: 'x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu'
             py: 'cpython-3.9'
-            options: 'lto'
+            options: 'pgo+lto'
             run: true
 
-          - target_triple: 'x86_64-unknown-linux-musl'
-            py: 'cpython-3.10'
-            options: 'debug'
-            run: true
-          - target_triple: 'x86_64-unknown-linux-musl'
+          - target_triple: 'x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu'
             py: 'cpython-3.10'
-            options: 'noopt'
+            options: 'pgo'
             run: true
-          - target_triple: 'x86_64-unknown-linux-musl'
+          - target_triple: 'x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu'
             py: 'cpython-3.10'
-            options: 'lto'
+            options: 'pgo+lto'
             run: true
 
-          - target_triple: 'x86_64-unknown-linux-musl'
-            py: 'cpython-3.11'
-            options: 'debug'
-            run: true
-          - target_triple: 'x86_64-unknown-linux-musl'
+          - target_triple: 'x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu'
             py: 'cpython-3.11'
-            options: 'noopt'
+            options: 'pgo'
             run: true
-          - target_triple: 'x86_64-unknown-linux-musl'
+          - target_triple: 'x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu'
             py: 'cpython-3.11'
-            options: 'lto'
+            options: 'pgo+lto'
             run: true
 
-          - target_triple: 'x86_64-unknown-linux-musl'
-            py: 'cpython-3.12'
-            options: 'debug'
-            run: true
-          - target_triple: 'x86_64-unknown-linux-musl'
+          - target_triple: 'x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu'
             py: 'cpython-3.12'
-            options: 'noopt'
+            options: 'pgo'
             run: true
-          - target_triple: 'x86_64-unknown-linux-musl'
+          - target_triple: 'x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu'
             py: 'cpython-3.12'
-            options: 'lto'
+            options: 'pgo+lto'
             run: true
 
-          - target_triple: 'x86_64_v2-unknown-linux-musl'
-            py: 'cpython-3.9'
+          - target_triple: 'x86_64_v2-unknown-linux-gnu'
+            py: 'all'
             options: 'debug'
             run: true
-          - target_triple: 'x86_64_v2-unknown-linux-musl'
+          - target_triple: 'x86_64_v2-unknown-linux-gnu'
             py: 'cpython-3.9'
-            options: 'noopt'
+            options: 'pgo'
             run: true
-          - target_triple: 'x86_64_v2-unknown-linux-musl'
+          - target_triple: 'x86_64_v2-unknown-linux-gnu'
             py: 'cpython-3.9'
-            options: 'lto'
+            options: 'pgo+lto'
             run: true
 
-          - target_triple: 'x86_64_v2-unknown-linux-musl'
-            py: 'cpython-3.10'
-            options: 'debug'
-            run: true
-          - target_triple: 'x86_64_v2-unknown-linux-musl'
+          - target_triple: 'x86_64_v2-unknown-linux-gnu'
             py: 'cpython-3.10'
-            options: 'noopt'
+            options: 'pgo'
             run: true
-          - target_triple: 'x86_64_v2-unknown-linux-musl'
+          - target_triple: 'x86_64_v2-unknown-linux-gnu'
             py: 'cpython-3.10'
-            options: 'lto'
+            options: 'pgo+lto'
             run: true
 
-          - target_triple: 'x86_64_v2-unknown-linux-musl'
-            py: 'cpython-3.11'
-            options: 'debug'
-            run: true
-          - target_triple: 'x86_64_v2-unknown-linux-musl'
+          - target_triple: 'x86_64_v2-unknown-linux-gnu'
             py: 'cpython-3.11'
-            options: 'noopt'
+            options: 'pgo'
             run: true
-          - target_triple: 'x86_64_v2-unknown-linux-musl'
+          - target_triple: 'x86_64_v2-unknown-linux-gnu'
             py: 'cpython-3.11'
-            options: 'lto'
+            options: 'pgo+lto'
             run: true
 
-          - target_triple: 'x86_64_v2-unknown-linux-musl'
-            py: 'cpython-3.12'
-            options: 'debug'
-            run: true
-          - target_triple: 'x86_64_v2-unknown-linux-musl'
+          - target_triple: 'x86_64_v2-unknown-linux-gnu'
             py: 'cpython-3.12'
-            options: 'noopt'
+            options: 'pgo'
             run: true
-          - target_triple: 'x86_64_v2-unknown-linux-musl'
+          - target_triple: 'x86_64_v2-unknown-linux-gnu'
             py: 'cpython-3.12'
-            options: 'lto'
+            options: 'pgo+lto'
             run: true
 
-          - target_triple: 'x86_64_v3-unknown-linux-musl'
-            py: 'cpython-3.9'
+          - target_triple: 'x86_64_v3-unknown-linux-gnu'
+            py: 'all'
             options: 'debug'
             run: true
-          - target_triple: 'x86_64_v3-unknown-linux-musl'
+          - target_triple: 'x86_64_v3-unknown-linux-gnu'
             py: 'cpython-3.9'
-            options: 'noopt'
+            options: 'pgo'
             run: true
-          - target_triple: 'x86_64_v3-unknown-linux-musl'
+          - target_triple: 'x86_64_v3-unknown-linux-gnu'
             py: 'cpython-3.9'
-            options: 'lto'
+            options: 'pgo+lto'
             run: true
 
-          - target_triple: 'x86_64_v3-unknown-linux-musl'
-            py: 'cpython-3.10'
-            options: 'debug'
-            run: true
-          - target_triple: 'x86_64_v3-unknown-linux-musl'
+          - target_triple: 'x86_64_v3-unknown-linux-gnu'
             py: 'cpython-3.10'
-            options: 'noopt'
+            options: 'pgo'
             run: true
-          - target_triple: 'x86_64_v3-unknown-linux-musl'
+          - target_triple: 'x86_64_v3-unknown-linux-gnu'
             py: 'cpython-3.10'
-            options: 'lto'
+            options: 'pgo+lto'
             run: true
 
-          - target_triple: 'x86_64_v3-unknown-linux-musl'
-            py: 'cpython-3.11'
-            options: 'debug'
-            run: true
-          - target_triple: 'x86_64_v3-unknown-linux-musl'
+          - target_triple: 'x86_64_v3-unknown-linux-gnu'
             py: 'cpython-3.11'
-            options: 'noopt'
+            options: 'pgo'
             run: true
-          - target_triple: 'x86_64_v3-unknown-linux-musl'
+          - target_triple: 'x86_64_v3-unknown-linux-gnu'
             py: 'cpython-3.11'
-            options: 'lto'
+            options: 'pgo+lto'
             run: true
 
-          - target_triple: 'x86_64_v3-unknown-linux-musl'
+          - target_triple: 'x86_64_v3-unknown-linux-gnu'
             py: 'cpython-3.12'
-            options: 'debug'
+            options: 'pgo'
             run: true
-          - target_triple: 'x86_64_v3-unknown-linux-musl'
+          - target_triple: 'x86_64_v3-unknown-linux-gnu'
             py: 'cpython-3.12'
-            options: 'noopt'
+            options: 'pgo+lto'
             run: true
-          - target_triple: 'x86_64_v3-unknown-linux-musl'
-            py: 'cpython-3.12'
+
+          # GitHub Actions runners don't support x86-64-v4 so we can't PGO.
+          - target_triple: 'x86_64_v4-unknown-linux-gnu'
+            py: 'all'
+            options: 'debug'
+          - target_triple: 'x86_64_v4-unknown-linux-gnu'
+            py: 'all'
+            options: 'noopt'
+          - target_triple: 'x86_64_v4-unknown-linux-gnu'
+            py: 'all'
             options: 'lto'
-            run: true
 
-          - target_triple: 'x86_64_v4-unknown-linux-musl'
-            py: 'cpython-3.9'
+          # musl doesn't support PGO.
+
+          - target_triple: 'x86_64-unknown-linux-musl'
+            py: 'all'
             options: 'debug'
-          - target_triple: 'x86_64_v4-unknown-linux-musl'
-            py: 'cpython-3.9'
+            run: true
+          - target_triple: 'x86_64-unknown-linux-musl'
+            py: 'all'
             options: 'noopt'
-          - target_triple: 'x86_64_v4-unknown-linux-musl'
-            py: 'cpython-3.9'
+            run: true
+          - target_triple: 'x86_64-unknown-linux-musl'
+            py: 'all'
             options: 'lto'
+            run: true
 
-          - target_triple: 'x86_64_v4-unknown-linux-musl'
-            py: 'cpython-3.10'
+          - target_triple: 'x86_64_v2-unknown-linux-musl'
+            py: 'all'
             options: 'debug'
-          - target_triple: 'x86_64_v4-unknown-linux-musl'
-            py: 'cpython-3.10'
+            run: true
+          - target_triple: 'x86_64_v2-unknown-linux-musl'
+            py: 'all'
             options: 'noopt'
-          - target_triple: 'x86_64_v4-unknown-linux-musl'
-            py: 'cpython-3.10'
+            run: true
+          - target_triple: 'x86_64_v2-unknown-linux-musl'
+            py: 'all'
             options: 'lto'
+            run: true
 
-          - target_triple: 'x86_64_v4-unknown-linux-musl'
-            py: 'cpython-3.11'
+          - target_triple: 'x86_64_v3-unknown-linux-musl'
+            py: 'all'
             options: 'debug'
-          - target_triple: 'x86_64_v4-unknown-linux-musl'
-            py: 'cpython-3.11'
+            run: true
+          - target_triple: 'x86_64_v3-unknown-linux-musl'
+            py: 'all'
             options: 'noopt'
-          - target_triple: 'x86_64_v4-unknown-linux-musl'
-            py: 'cpython-3.11'
+            run: true
+          - target_triple: 'x86_64_v3-unknown-linux-musl'
+            py: 'all'
             options: 'lto'
+            run: true
 
           - target_triple: 'x86_64_v4-unknown-linux-musl'
-            py: 'cpython-3.12'
+            py: 'all'
             options: 'debug'
           - target_triple: 'x86_64_v4-unknown-linux-musl'
-            py: 'cpython-3.12'
+            py: 'all'
             options: 'noopt'
           - target_triple: 'x86_64_v4-unknown-linux-musl'
-            py: 'cpython-3.12'
+            py: 'all'
             options: 'lto'
 
     needs:
@@ -879,15 +470,6 @@ jobs:
       matrix:
         build:
 
-          - target_triple: 'aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu'
-            py: 'cpython-3.13'
-            options: 'debug'
-          - target_triple: 'aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu'
-            py: 'cpython-3.13'
-            options: 'noopt'
-          - target_triple: 'aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu'
-            py: 'cpython-3.13'
-            options: 'lto'
           - target_triple: 'aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu'
             py: 'cpython-3.13'
             options: 'freethreaded+debug'
@@ -898,15 +480,6 @@ jobs:
             py: 'cpython-3.13'
             options: 'freethreaded+lto'
 
-          - target_triple: 'armv7-unknown-linux-gnueabi'
-            py: 'cpython-3.13'
-            options: 'debug'
-          - target_triple: 'armv7-unknown-linux-gnueabi'
-            py: 'cpython-3.13'
-            options: 'noopt'
-          - target_triple: 'armv7-unknown-linux-gnueabi'
-            py: 'cpython-3.13'
-            options: 'lto'
           - target_triple: 'armv7-unknown-linux-gnueabi'
             py: 'cpython-3.13'
             options: 'freethreaded+debug'
@@ -917,15 +490,6 @@ jobs:
             py: 'cpython-3.13'
             options: 'freethreaded+lto'
 
-          - target_triple: 'armv7-unknown-linux-gnueabihf'
-            py: 'cpython-3.13'
-            options: 'debug'
-          - target_triple: 'armv7-unknown-linux-gnueabihf'
-            py: 'cpython-3.13'
-            options: 'noopt'
-          - target_triple: 'armv7-unknown-linux-gnueabihf'
-            py: 'cpython-3.13'
-            options: 'lto'
           - target_triple: 'armv7-unknown-linux-gnueabihf'
             py: 'cpython-3.13'
             options: 'freethreaded+debug'
@@ -936,15 +500,6 @@ jobs:
             py: 'cpython-3.13'
             options: 'freethreaded+lto'
 
-          - target_triple: 'mips-unknown-linux-gnu'
-            py: 'cpython-3.13'
-            options: 'debug'
-          - target_triple: 'mips-unknown-linux-gnu'
-            py: 'cpython-3.13'
-            options: 'noopt'
-          - target_triple: 'mips-unknown-linux-gnu'
-            py: 'cpython-3.13'
-            options: 'lto'
           - target_triple: 'mips-unknown-linux-gnu'
             py: 'cpython-3.13'
             options: 'freethreaded+debug'
@@ -955,15 +510,6 @@ jobs:
             py: 'cpython-3.13'
             options: 'freethreaded+lto'
 
-          - target_triple: 'mipsel-unknown-linux-gnu'
-            py: 'cpython-3.13'
-            options: 'debug'
-          - target_triple: 'mipsel-unknown-linux-gnu'
-            py: 'cpython-3.13'
-            options: 'noopt'
-          - target_triple: 'mipsel-unknown-linux-gnu'
-            py: 'cpython-3.13'
-            options: 'lto'
           - target_triple: 'mipsel-unknown-linux-gnu'
             py: 'cpython-3.13'
             options: 'freethreaded+debug'
@@ -974,15 +520,6 @@ jobs:
             py: 'cpython-3.13'
             options: 'freethreaded+lto'
 
-          - target_triple: 's390x-unknown-linux-gnu'
-            py: 'cpython-3.13'
-            options: 'debug'
-          - target_triple: 's390x-unknown-linux-gnu'
-            py: 'cpython-3.13'
-            options: 'noopt'
-          - target_triple: 's390x-unknown-linux-gnu'
-            py: 'cpython-3.13'
-            options: 'lto'
           - target_triple: 's390x-unknown-linux-gnu'
             py: 'cpython-3.13'
             options: 'freethreaded+debug'
@@ -993,15 +530,6 @@ jobs:
             py: 'cpython-3.13'
             options: 'freethreaded+lto'
 
-          - target_triple: 'ppc64le-unknown-linux-gnu'
-            py: 'cpython-3.13'
-            options: 'debug'
-          - target_triple: 'ppc64le-unknown-linux-gnu'
-            py: 'cpython-3.13'
-            options: 'noopt'
-          - target_triple: 'ppc64le-unknown-linux-gnu'
-            py: 'cpython-3.13'
-            options: 'lto'
           - target_triple: 'ppc64le-unknown-linux-gnu'
             py: 'cpython-3.13'
             options: 'freethreaded+debug'
diff --git a/cpython-unix/Makefile b/cpython-unix/Makefile
index 2827fc88..a716f77e 100644
--- a/cpython-unix/Makefile
+++ b/cpython-unix/Makefile
@@ -4,6 +4,9 @@ OUTDIR := $(ROOT)/build
 
 BUILD := $(HERE)/build.py
 NULL :=
+SPACE := $(subst ,, )
+
+ALL_PYTHON_VERSIONS := 3.9 3.10 3.11 3.12 3.13
 
 ifndef PYBUILD_TARGET_TRIPLE
     $(error PYBUILD_TARGET_TRIPLE not defined)
@@ -21,13 +24,11 @@ ifndef PYBUILD_PYTHON_SOURCE
     $(error PYBUILD_PYTHON_SOURCE not defined)
 endif
 
-ifndef PYBUILD_PYTHON_VERSION
-    $(error PYBUILD_PYTHON_VERSION not defined)
+ifndef PYBUILD_PYTHON_VERSIONS
+    $(error PYBUILD_PYTHON_VERSIONS not defined)
 endif
 
-ifndef PYBUILD_PYTHON_MAJOR_VERSION
-    $(error PYBUILD_PYTHON_MAJOR_VERSION not defined)
-endif
+BUILD_MAJOR_VERSIONS := $(foreach version,$(PYBUILD_PYTHON_VERSIONS),$(subst $(SPACE),.,$(wordlist 1,2,$(subst .,$(SPACE),$(version)))))
 
 TARGET_TRIPLE := $(PYBUILD_TARGET_TRIPLE)
 HOST_PLATFORM := $(PYBUILD_HOST_PLATFORM)
@@ -47,7 +48,7 @@ endif
 
 # Always write out settings files.
 $(shell $(RUN_BUILD) placeholder_archive makefiles)
-include $(OUTDIR)/Makefile.$(HOST_PLATFORM).$(TARGET_TRIPLE).$(PYBUILD_PYTHON_MAJOR_VERSION)
+include $(OUTDIR)/Makefile.$(HOST_PLATFORM).$(TARGET_TRIPLE)
 include $(OUTDIR)/versions/VERSION.*
 
 # Always write out expanded Dockerfiles.
@@ -69,7 +70,7 @@ PYTHON_DEP_DEPENDS := \
     $(TOOLCHAIN_DEPENDS) \
     $(NULL)
 
-default: $(OUTDIR)/cpython-$(PYBUILD_PYTHON_VERSION)-$(PACKAGE_SUFFIX).tar
+default: $(foreach version,$(BUILD_MAJOR_VERSIONS),$(OUTDIR)/cpython-$(CPYTHON_$(version)_VERSION)-$(PACKAGE_SUFFIX).tar)
 
 ifndef PYBUILD_NO_DOCKER
 $(OUTDIR)/image-%.tar: $(OUTDIR)/%.Dockerfile
@@ -255,65 +256,48 @@ PYTHON_HOST_DEPENDS := \
   $(OUTDIR)/m4-$(M4_VERSION)-$(PACKAGE_SUFFIX).tar \
   $(NULL)
 
-$(OUTDIR)/cpython-3.9-$(CPYTHON_3.9_VERSION)-$(HOST_PLATFORM).tar: $(PYTHON_HOST_DEPENDS)
-	$(RUN_BUILD) --docker-image $(DOCKER_IMAGE_BUILD) cpython-3.9-host
-
-$(OUTDIR)/cpython-3.10-$(CPYTHON_3.10_VERSION)-$(HOST_PLATFORM).tar: $(PYTHON_HOST_DEPENDS)
-	$(RUN_BUILD) --docker-image $(DOCKER_IMAGE_BUILD) cpython-3.10-host
-
-$(OUTDIR)/cpython-3.11-$(CPYTHON_3.11_VERSION)-$(HOST_PLATFORM).tar: $(PYTHON_HOST_DEPENDS)
-	$(RUN_BUILD) --docker-image $(DOCKER_IMAGE_BUILD) cpython-3.11-host
-
-$(OUTDIR)/cpython-3.12-$(CPYTHON_3.12_VERSION)-$(HOST_PLATFORM).tar: $(PYTHON_HOST_DEPENDS)
-	$(RUN_BUILD) --docker-image $(DOCKER_IMAGE_BUILD) cpython-3.12-host
-
-$(OUTDIR)/cpython-3.13-$(CPYTHON_3.13_VERSION)-$(HOST_PLATFORM).tar: $(PYTHON_HOST_DEPENDS)
-	$(RUN_BUILD) --docker-image $(DOCKER_IMAGE_BUILD) cpython-3.13-host
-
-PYTHON_DEPENDS := \
-    $(PYTHON_SUPPORT_FILES) \
-    $(OUTDIR)/versions/VERSION.pip \
-    $(OUTDIR)/versions/VERSION.setuptools \
-    $(OUTDIR)/cpython-$(PYBUILD_PYTHON_MAJOR_VERSION)-$(PYBUILD_PYTHON_VERSION)-$(HOST_PLATFORM).tar \
-    $(if $(NEED_AUTOCONF),$(OUTDIR)/autoconf-$(AUTOCONF_VERSION)-$(PACKAGE_SUFFIX).tar) \
-    $(if $(NEED_BDB),$(OUTDIR)/bdb-$(BDB_VERSION)-$(PACKAGE_SUFFIX).tar) \
-    $(if $(NEED_BZIP2),$(OUTDIR)/bzip2-$(BZIP2_VERSION)-$(PACKAGE_SUFFIX).tar) \
-    $(if $(NEED_EXPAT),$(OUTDIR)/expat-$(EXPAT_VERSION)-$(PACKAGE_SUFFIX).tar) \
-    $(if $(NEED_LIBEDIT),$(OUTDIR)/libedit-$(LIBEDIT_VERSION)-$(PACKAGE_SUFFIX).tar) \
-    $(if $(NEED_LIBFFI_3_3),$(OUTDIR)/libffi-3.3-$(LIBFFI_3.3_VERSION)-$(PACKAGE_SUFFIX).tar) \
-    $(if $(NEED_LIBFFI),$(OUTDIR)/libffi-$(LIBFFI_VERSION)-$(PACKAGE_SUFFIX).tar) \
-    $(if $(NEED_m4),$(OUTDIR)/m4-$(M4_VERSION)-$(PACKAGE_SUFFIX).tar) \
-    $(if $(NEED_MPDECIMAL),$(OUTDIR)/mpdecimal-$(MPDECIMAL_VERSION)-$(PACKAGE_SUFFIX).tar) \
-    $(if $(NEED_NCURSES),$(OUTDIR)/ncurses-$(NCURSES_VERSION)-$(PACKAGE_SUFFIX).tar) \
-    $(if $(NEED_OPENSSL_1_1),$(OUTDIR)/openssl-1.1-$(OPENSSL_1.1_VERSION)-$(PACKAGE_SUFFIX).tar) \
-    $(if $(NEED_OPENSSL_3_0),$(OUTDIR)/openssl-3.0-$(OPENSSL_3.0_VERSION)-$(PACKAGE_SUFFIX).tar) \
-    $(if $(NEED_PATCHELF),$(OUTDIR)/patchelf-$(PATCHELF_VERSION)-$(PACKAGE_SUFFIX).tar) \
-    $(if $(NEED_SQLITE),$(OUTDIR)/sqlite-$(SQLITE_VERSION)-$(PACKAGE_SUFFIX).tar) \
-    $(if $(NEED_TCL),$(OUTDIR)/tcl-$(TCL_VERSION)-$(PACKAGE_SUFFIX).tar) \
-    $(if $(NEED_TK),$(OUTDIR)/tk-$(TK_VERSION)-$(PACKAGE_SUFFIX).tar) \
-    $(if $(NEED_TIX),$(OUTDIR)/tix-$(TIX_VERSION)-$(PACKAGE_SUFFIX).tar) \
-    $(if $(NEED_UUID),$(OUTDIR)/uuid-$(UUID_VERSION)-$(PACKAGE_SUFFIX).tar) \
-    $(if $(NEED_XZ),$(OUTDIR)/xz-$(XZ_VERSION)-$(PACKAGE_SUFFIX).tar) \
-    $(if $(NEED_ZLIB),$(OUTDIR)/zlib-$(ZLIB_VERSION)-$(PACKAGE_SUFFIX).tar) \
-    $(NULL)
-
-ALL_PYTHON_DEPENDS = \
-    $(PYTHON_DEP_DEPENDS) \
-    $(HERE)/build-cpython.sh \
-    $(PYTHON_DEPENDS) \
-    $(NULL)
-
-$(OUTDIR)/cpython-$(CPYTHON_3.9_VERSION)-$(PACKAGE_SUFFIX).tar: $(ALL_PYTHON_DEPENDS)
-	$(RUN_BUILD) --docker-image $(DOCKER_IMAGE_BUILD) cpython-3.9
-
-$(OUTDIR)/cpython-$(CPYTHON_3.10_VERSION)-$(PACKAGE_SUFFIX).tar: $(ALL_PYTHON_DEPENDS)
-	$(RUN_BUILD) --docker-image $(DOCKER_IMAGE_BUILD) cpython-3.10
-
-$(OUTDIR)/cpython-$(CPYTHON_3.11_VERSION)-$(PACKAGE_SUFFIX).tar: $(ALL_PYTHON_DEPENDS)
-	$(RUN_BUILD) --docker-image $(DOCKER_IMAGE_BUILD) cpython-3.11
-
-$(OUTDIR)/cpython-$(CPYTHON_3.12_VERSION)-$(PACKAGE_SUFFIX).tar: $(ALL_PYTHON_DEPENDS)
-	$(RUN_BUILD) --docker-image $(DOCKER_IMAGE_BUILD) cpython-3.12
-
-$(OUTDIR)/cpython-$(CPYTHON_3.13_VERSION)-$(PACKAGE_SUFFIX).tar: $(ALL_PYTHON_DEPENDS)
-	$(RUN_BUILD) --docker-image $(DOCKER_IMAGE_BUILD) cpython-3.13
+# Each X.Y Python version has its own set of variables and targets. This independent
+# definition allows multiple Python versions to be built using the same Makefile
+# invocation.
+define python_version_template
+PYTHON_DEPENDS_$(1) := \
+    $$(PYTHON_SUPPORT_FILES) \
+    $$(OUTDIR)/versions/VERSION.pip \
+    $$(OUTDIR)/versions/VERSION.setuptools \
+    $$(OUTDIR)/cpython-$(1)-$$(CPYTHON_$(1)_VERSION)-$$(HOST_PLATFORM).tar \
+    $$(if$$(NEED_AUTOCONF),$$(OUTDIR)/autoconf-$$(AUTOCONF_VERSION)-$$(PACKAGE_SUFFIX).tar) \
+    $$(if $$(NEED_BDB),$$(OUTDIR)/bdb-$$(BDB_VERSION)-$$(PACKAGE_SUFFIX).tar) \
+    $$(if $$(NEED_BZIP2),$$(OUTDIR)/bzip2-$$(BZIP2_VERSION)-$$(PACKAGE_SUFFIX).tar) \
+    $$(if $$(NEED_EXPAT),$$(OUTDIR)/expat-$$(EXPAT_VERSION)-$$(PACKAGE_SUFFIX).tar) \
+    $$(if $$(NEED_LIBEDIT),$$(OUTDIR)/libedit-$$(LIBEDIT_VERSION)-$$(PACKAGE_SUFFIX).tar) \
+    $$(if $$(NEED_LIBFFI_3_3),$$(OUTDIR)/libffi-3.3-$$(LIBFFI_3.3_VERSION)-$$(PACKAGE_SUFFIX).tar) \
+    $$(if $$(NEED_LIBFFI),$$(OUTDIR)/libffi-$$(LIBFFI_VERSION)-$$(PACKAGE_SUFFIX).tar) \
+    $$(if $$(NEED_m4),$$(OUTDIR)/m4-$$(M4_VERSION)-$$(PACKAGE_SUFFIX).tar) \
+    $$(if $$(NEED_MPDECIMAL),$$(OUTDIR)/mpdecimal-$$(MPDECIMAL_VERSION)-$$(PACKAGE_SUFFIX).tar) \
+    $$(if $$(NEED_NCURSES),$$(OUTDIR)/ncurses-$$(NCURSES_VERSION)-$$(PACKAGE_SUFFIX).tar) \
+    $$(if $$(NEED_OPENSSL_1_1),$$(OUTDIR)/openssl-1.1-$$(OPENSSL_1.1_VERSION)-$$(PACKAGE_SUFFIX).tar) \
+    $$(if $$(NEED_OPENSSL_3_0),$$(OUTDIR)/openssl-3.0-$$(OPENSSL_3.0_VERSION)-$$(PACKAGE_SUFFIX).tar) \
+    $$(if $$(NEED_PATCHELF),$$(OUTDIR)/patchelf-$$(PATCHELF_VERSION)-$$(PACKAGE_SUFFIX).tar) \
+    $$(if $$(NEED_SQLITE),$$(OUTDIR)/sqlite-$$(SQLITE_VERSION)-$$(PACKAGE_SUFFIX).tar) \
+    $$(if $$(NEED_TCL),$$(OUTDIR)/tcl-$$(TCL_VERSION)-$$(PACKAGE_SUFFIX).tar) \
+    $$(if $$(NEED_TK),$$(OUTDIR)/tk-$$(TK_VERSION)-$$(PACKAGE_SUFFIX).tar) \
+    $$(if $$(NEED_TIX),$$(OUTDIR)/tix-$$(TIX_VERSION)-$$(PACKAGE_SUFFIX).tar) \
+    $$(if $$(NEED_UUID),$$(OUTDIR)/uuid-$$(UUID_VERSION)-$$(PACKAGE_SUFFIX).tar) \
+    $$(if $$(NEED_XZ),$$(OUTDIR)/xz-$$(XZ_VERSION)-$$(PACKAGE_SUFFIX).tar) \
+    $$(if $$(NEED_ZLIB),$$(OUTDIR)/zlib-$$(ZLIB_VERSION)-$$(PACKAGE_SUFFIX).tar) \
+    $$(NULL)
+
+ALL_PYTHON_DEPENDS_$(1) = \
+    $$(PYTHON_DEP_DEPENDS) \
+    $$(HERE)/build-cpython.sh \
+    $$(PYTHON_DEPENDS_$(1)) \
+    $$(NULL)
+
+$$(OUTDIR)/cpython-$(1)-$$(CPYTHON_$(1)_VERSION)-$$(HOST_PLATFORM).tar: $$(PYTHON_HOST_DEPENDS)
+	$$(RUN_BUILD) --docker-image $$(DOCKER_IMAGE_BUILD) cpython-$(1)-host
+
+$$(OUTDIR)/cpython-$$(CPYTHON_$(1)_VERSION)-$$(PACKAGE_SUFFIX).tar: $$(ALL_PYTHON_DEPENDS_$(1))
+	$$(RUN_BUILD) --docker-image $$(DOCKER_IMAGE_BUILD) cpython-$(1)
+endef
+
+$(foreach local_version,$(ALL_PYTHON_VERSIONS),$(eval $(call python_version_template,$(local_version))))
diff --git a/cpython-unix/build-main.py b/cpython-unix/build-main.py
index 1e310b22..ca60d4b8 100755
--- a/cpython-unix/build-main.py
+++ b/cpython-unix/build-main.py
@@ -63,6 +63,7 @@ def main():
     parser.add_argument(
         "--python",
         choices={
+            "all",
             "cpython-3.9",
             "cpython-3.10",
             "cpython-3.11",
@@ -117,13 +118,23 @@ def main():
 
     supported_pythons = {"cpython-%s" % p for p in settings["pythons_supported"]}
 
-    if args.python not in supported_pythons:
+    if args.python != "all" and args.python not in supported_pythons:
         print(
             "%s only supports following Pythons: %s"
             % (target_triple, ", ".join(supported_pythons))
         )
         return 1
 
+    if args.python == "all":
+        if args.python_source:
+            print("--python-source is not compatible with --python all")
+            return 1
+
+        # This can be removed once 3.13 is the minimum version.
+        if "freethreaded" in args.options:
+            print("freedthreaded builds not compatible with --python all")
+            return 1
+
     python_source = (
         (str(pathlib.Path(args.python_source).resolve()))
         if args.python_source
@@ -145,43 +156,40 @@ def main():
     if args.no_docker:
         env["PYBUILD_NO_DOCKER"] = "1"
 
-    if not args.python_source:
-        entry = DOWNLOADS[args.python]
-        env["PYBUILD_PYTHON_VERSION"] = cpython_version = entry["version"]
+    if args.python == "all":
+        cpython_versions = [
+            DOWNLOADS["cpython-%s" % p]["version"]
+            for p in settings["pythons_supported"]
+        ]
+
+    elif not args.python_source:
+        cpython_versions = [DOWNLOADS[args.python]["version"]]
     else:
         # TODO consider parsing version from source checkout. Or defining version
         # from CLI argument.
         if "PYBUILD_PYTHON_VERSION" not in env:
             print("PYBUILD_PYTHON_VERSION must be set when using `--python-source`")
             return 1
-        cpython_version = env["PYBUILD_PYTHON_VERSION"]
+        cpython_versions = [env["PYBUILD_PYTHON_VERSION"]]
+
+    env["PYBUILD_PYTHON_VERSIONS"] = " ".join(cpython_versions)
 
-    env["PYBUILD_PYTHON_MAJOR_VERSION"] = ".".join(cpython_version.split(".")[0:2])
+    python_majmins = [".".join(v.split(".")[0:2]) for v in cpython_versions]
 
     if "PYBUILD_RELEASE_TAG" in os.environ:
         release_tag = os.environ["PYBUILD_RELEASE_TAG"]
     else:
         release_tag = release_tag_from_git()
 
-    # Guard against accidental misuse of the free-threaded flag with older versions
-    if "freethreaded" in args.options and env["PYBUILD_PYTHON_MAJOR_VERSION"] not in (
-        "3.13"
+    # Guard against accidental misuse of the free-threaded flag with older versions.
+    if "freethreaded" in args.options and any(
+        v not in ("3.13",) for v in python_majmins
     ):
         print(
-            "Invalid build option: 'freethreaded' is only compatible with CPython 3.13+ (got %s)"
-            % env["PYBUILD_PYTHON_MAJOR_VERSION"]
+            "Invalid build option: 'freethreaded' is only compatible with CPython 3.13+"
         )
         return 1
 
-    archive_components = [
-        "cpython-%s" % cpython_version,
-        target_triple,
-        args.options,
-    ]
-
-    build_basename = "-".join(archive_components) + ".tar"
-    dist_basename = "-".join(archive_components + [release_tag])
-
     # We run make with static parallelism no greater than the machine's CPU count
     # because we can get some speedup from parallel operations. But we also don't
     # share a make job server with each build. So if we didn't limit the
@@ -197,7 +205,18 @@ def main():
     DIST.mkdir(exist_ok=True)
 
     if args.make_target == "default":
-        compress_python_archive(BUILD / build_basename, DIST, dist_basename)
+        # TODO this could be made parallel.
+        for version in cpython_versions:
+            archive_components = [
+                "cpython-%s" % version,
+                target_triple,
+                args.options,
+            ]
+
+            build_basename = "-".join(archive_components) + ".tar"
+            dist_basename = "-".join(archive_components + [release_tag])
+
+            compress_python_archive(BUILD / build_basename, DIST, dist_basename)
 
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
diff --git a/pythonbuild/utils.py b/pythonbuild/utils.py
index 1c1ebef0..49113a7e 100644
--- a/pythonbuild/utils.py
+++ b/pythonbuild/utils.py
@@ -12,7 +12,9 @@
 import os
 import pathlib
 import platform
+import random
 import stat
+import string
 import subprocess
 import sys
 import tarfile
@@ -141,35 +143,37 @@ def write_triples_makefiles(
 
     for triple, settings in targets.items():
         for host_platform in settings["host_platforms"]:
-            for python in settings["pythons_supported"]:
-                makefile_path = dest_dir / (
-                    "Makefile.%s.%s.%s" % (host_platform, triple, python)
-                )
-
-                lines = []
-                for need in settings.get("needs", []):
-                    lines.append(
-                        "NEED_%s := 1\n"
-                        % need.upper().replace("-", "_").replace(".", "_")
-                    )
-
-                image_suffix = settings.get("docker_image_suffix", "")
+            # IMPORTANT: if we ever vary the content of these Makefiles by
+            # Python versions, the variable names will need add the Python
+            # version and the Makefile references updated to point to specific
+            # versions. If we don't do that, multi-version builds will fail
+            # to work correctly.
 
-                lines.append("DOCKER_IMAGE_BUILD := build%s\n" % image_suffix)
-                lines.append("DOCKER_IMAGE_XCB := xcb%s\n" % image_suffix)
+            makefile_path = dest_dir / ("Makefile.%s.%s" % (host_platform, triple))
 
-                entry = clang_toolchain(host_platform, triple)
+            lines = []
+            for need in settings.get("needs", []):
                 lines.append(
-                    "CLANG_FILENAME := %s-%s-%s.tar\n"
-                    % (entry, DOWNLOADS[entry]["version"], host_platform)
+                    "NEED_%s := 1\n" % need.upper().replace("-", "_").replace(".", "_")
                 )
 
-                lines.append(
-                    "PYTHON_SUPPORT_FILES := $(PYTHON_SUPPORT_FILES) %s\n"
-                    % (support_search_dir / "extension-modules.yml")
-                )
+            image_suffix = settings.get("docker_image_suffix", "")
 
-                write_if_different(makefile_path, "".join(lines).encode("ascii"))
+            lines.append("DOCKER_IMAGE_BUILD := build%s\n" % image_suffix)
+            lines.append("DOCKER_IMAGE_XCB := xcb%s\n" % image_suffix)
+
+            entry = clang_toolchain(host_platform, triple)
+            lines.append(
+                "CLANG_FILENAME := %s-%s-%s.tar\n"
+                % (entry, DOWNLOADS[entry]["version"], host_platform)
+            )
+
+            lines.append(
+                "PYTHON_SUPPORT_FILES := $(PYTHON_SUPPORT_FILES) %s\n"
+                % (support_search_dir / "extension-modules.yml")
+            )
+
+            write_if_different(makefile_path, "".join(lines).encode("ascii"))
 
 
 def write_package_versions(dest_path: pathlib.Path):
@@ -269,7 +273,15 @@ def download_to_path(url: str, path: pathlib.Path, size: int, sha256: str):
 
         path.unlink()
 
-    tmp = path.with_name("%s.tmp" % path.name)
+    # Need to write to random path to avoid race conditions. If there is a
+    # race, worst case we'll download the same file N>1 times. Meh.
+    tmp = path.with_name(
+        "%s.tmp%s"
+        % (
+            path.name,
+            "".join(random.choices(string.ascii_uppercase + string.digits, k=8)),
+        )
+    )
 
     for attempt in range(5):
         try: