diff --git a/libraries/apollo-api/api/apollo-api.api b/libraries/apollo-api/api/apollo-api.api
index 7fbd6ba3782..02e56a1089f 100644
--- a/libraries/apollo-api/api/apollo-api.api
+++ b/libraries/apollo-api/api/apollo-api.api
@@ -786,6 +786,11 @@ public final class com/apollographql/apollo3/api/Operations {
 	public static final fun parseJsonResponse (Lcom/apollographql/apollo3/api/Operation;Lcom/apollographql/apollo3/api/json/JsonReader;Lcom/apollographql/apollo3/api/CustomScalarAdapters;)Lcom/apollographql/apollo3/api/ApolloResponse;
 	public static final fun parseJsonResponse (Lcom/apollographql/apollo3/api/Operation;Lcom/apollographql/apollo3/api/json/JsonReader;Lcom/apollographql/apollo3/api/CustomScalarAdapters;Ljava/util/Set;)Lcom/apollographql/apollo3/api/ApolloResponse;
 	public static synthetic fun parseJsonResponse$default (Lcom/apollographql/apollo3/api/Operation;Lcom/apollographql/apollo3/api/json/JsonReader;Lcom/apollographql/apollo3/api/CustomScalarAdapters;Ljava/util/Set;ILjava/lang/Object;)Lcom/apollographql/apollo3/api/ApolloResponse;
+	public static final fun parseResponse (Lcom/apollographql/apollo3/api/Operation;Lcom/apollographql/apollo3/api/json/JsonReader;)Lcom/apollographql/apollo3/api/ApolloResponse;
+	public static final fun parseResponse (Lcom/apollographql/apollo3/api/Operation;Lcom/apollographql/apollo3/api/json/JsonReader;Ljava/util/UUID;)Lcom/apollographql/apollo3/api/ApolloResponse;
+	public static final fun parseResponse (Lcom/apollographql/apollo3/api/Operation;Lcom/apollographql/apollo3/api/json/JsonReader;Ljava/util/UUID;Lcom/apollographql/apollo3/api/CustomScalarAdapters;)Lcom/apollographql/apollo3/api/ApolloResponse;
+	public static final fun parseResponse (Lcom/apollographql/apollo3/api/Operation;Lcom/apollographql/apollo3/api/json/JsonReader;Ljava/util/UUID;Lcom/apollographql/apollo3/api/CustomScalarAdapters;Ljava/util/Set;)Lcom/apollographql/apollo3/api/ApolloResponse;
+	public static synthetic fun parseResponse$default (Lcom/apollographql/apollo3/api/Operation;Lcom/apollographql/apollo3/api/json/JsonReader;Ljava/util/UUID;Lcom/apollographql/apollo3/api/CustomScalarAdapters;Ljava/util/Set;ILjava/lang/Object;)Lcom/apollographql/apollo3/api/ApolloResponse;
 }
 
 public abstract class com/apollographql/apollo3/api/Optional {
diff --git a/libraries/apollo-api/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/apollographql/apollo3/api/Assertions.kt b/libraries/apollo-api/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/apollographql/apollo3/api/Assertions.kt
index c2cef4ded56..eb1eeda6f79 100644
--- a/libraries/apollo-api/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/apollographql/apollo3/api/Assertions.kt
+++ b/libraries/apollo-api/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/apollographql/apollo3/api/Assertions.kt
@@ -1,10 +1,7 @@
 @file:JvmName("Assertions")
 package com.apollographql.apollo3.api
 
-import com.apollographql.apollo3.exception.ApolloException
 import com.apollographql.apollo3.exception.DefaultApolloException
-import kotlin.contracts.ExperimentalContracts
-import kotlin.contracts.contract
 import kotlin.jvm.JvmName
 
 /**
@@ -12,6 +9,6 @@ import kotlin.jvm.JvmName
  */
 fun checkFieldNotMissing(value: Any?, name: String) {
   if (value == null) {
-    throw DefaultApolloException("Field $name is missing")
+    throw DefaultApolloException("Field '$name' is missing")
   }
 }
diff --git a/libraries/apollo-api/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/apollographql/apollo3/api/Operations.kt b/libraries/apollo-api/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/apollographql/apollo3/api/Operations.kt
index 5079167452a..d05bab1abc7 100644
--- a/libraries/apollo-api/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/apollographql/apollo3/api/Operations.kt
+++ b/libraries/apollo-api/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/apollographql/apollo3/api/Operations.kt
@@ -6,11 +6,13 @@ import com.apollographql.apollo3.annotations.ApolloExperimental
 import com.apollographql.apollo3.api.internal.ResponseParser
 import com.apollographql.apollo3.api.json.JsonReader
 import com.apollographql.apollo3.api.json.JsonWriter
-import com.apollographql.apollo3.api.json.jsonReader
 import com.apollographql.apollo3.api.json.writeObject
+import com.apollographql.apollo3.exception.ApolloException
+import com.apollographql.apollo3.exception.ApolloParseException
 import com.apollographql.apollo3.exception.JsonDataException
 import com.apollographql.apollo3.exception.JsonEncodingException
-import okio.Buffer
+import com.benasher44.uuid.Uuid
+import com.benasher44.uuid.uuid4
 import okio.IOException
 import okio.use
 import kotlin.jvm.JvmName
@@ -46,7 +48,8 @@ fun <D : Operation.Data> Operation<D>.composeJsonRequest(
 }
 
 /**
- * Reads a GraphQL Json response like below to a [ApolloResponse]
+ * Reads a GraphQL Json response to a [ApolloResponse]. GraphQL Json responses look like so:
+ *
  * ```
  * {
  *  "data": ...
@@ -62,26 +65,65 @@ fun <D : Operation.Data> Operation<D>.composeJsonRequest(
  * @throws JsonDataException if the data is not of the expected type
  */
 @JvmOverloads
+@Deprecated("Use parseResponse or jsonReader.toApolloResponse() instead", ReplaceWith("parseResponse"))
 fun <D : Operation.Data> Operation<D>.parseJsonResponse(
     jsonReader: JsonReader,
     customScalarAdapters: CustomScalarAdapters = CustomScalarAdapters.Empty,
     deferredFragmentIdentifiers: Set<DeferredFragmentIdentifier>? = null,
 ): ApolloResponse<D> {
-  return ResponseParser.parse(
-      jsonReader,
-      this,
-      customScalarAdapters,
-      deferredFragmentIdentifiers,
-  )
+  return jsonReader.use {
+    ResponseParser.parse(
+        it,
+        this,
+        null,
+        customScalarAdapters,
+        deferredFragmentIdentifiers,
+    )
+  }
 }
 
+/**
+ * Reads a GraphQL Json response like below to a [ApolloResponse]. GraphQL Json responses look like so:
+ *
+ * ```
+ * {
+ *  "data": ...
+ *  "errors": ...
+ *  "extensions": ...
+ * }
+ * ```
+ *
+ * By default, this method does not close the [jsonReader]
+ */
 @JvmOverloads
-@ApolloExperimental
-fun <D : Operation.Data> Operation<D>.parseJsonResponse(
-    json: String,
+fun <D : Operation.Data> Operation<D>.parseResponse(
+    jsonReader: JsonReader,
+    requestUuid: Uuid? = null,
     customScalarAdapters: CustomScalarAdapters = CustomScalarAdapters.Empty,
+    deferredFragmentIdentifiers: Set<DeferredFragmentIdentifier>? = null,
 ): ApolloResponse<D> {
-  return parseJsonResponse(Buffer().writeUtf8(json).jsonReader(), customScalarAdapters)
+  return try {
+    ResponseParser.parse(
+        jsonReader,
+        this,
+        requestUuid,
+        customScalarAdapters,
+        deferredFragmentIdentifiers,
+    )
+  } catch (throwable: Throwable) {
+    val apolloException = if (throwable is ApolloException) {
+      throwable
+    } else {
+      // This happens for null pointer exceptions on missing fields
+      ApolloParseException(
+          message = "Failed to parse GraphQL http network response",
+          cause = throwable
+      )
+    }
+    return ApolloResponse.Builder(requestUuid = requestUuid ?: uuid4(), operation = this, exception = apolloException)
+        .isLast(true)
+        .build()
+  }
 }
 
 /**
@@ -103,3 +145,16 @@ fun <D : Operation.Data> Operation<D>.composeJsonResponse(
   }
 }
 
+
+@ApolloExperimental
+fun <D : Operation.Data> JsonReader.toApolloResponse(
+    operation: Operation<D>,
+    requestUuid: Uuid? = null,
+    customScalarAdapters: CustomScalarAdapters = CustomScalarAdapters.Empty,
+    deferredFragmentIdentifiers: Set<DeferredFragmentIdentifier>? = null,
+): ApolloResponse<D> {
+  return use {
+    operation.parseResponse(it, requestUuid, customScalarAdapters, deferredFragmentIdentifiers)
+  }
+}
+
diff --git a/libraries/apollo-api/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/apollographql/apollo3/api/internal/ResponseParser.kt b/libraries/apollo-api/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/apollographql/apollo3/api/internal/ResponseParser.kt
index b1fc352ae09..8d14a3cdc68 100644
--- a/libraries/apollo-api/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/apollographql/apollo3/api/internal/ResponseParser.kt
+++ b/libraries/apollo-api/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/apollographql/apollo3/api/internal/ResponseParser.kt
@@ -9,10 +9,9 @@ import com.apollographql.apollo3.api.falseVariables
 import com.apollographql.apollo3.api.json.JsonReader
 import com.apollographql.apollo3.api.json.MapJsonReader
 import com.apollographql.apollo3.api.json.readAny
-import com.apollographql.apollo3.api.nullable
 import com.apollographql.apollo3.api.parseData
+import com.benasher44.uuid.Uuid
 import com.benasher44.uuid.uuid4
-import okio.use
 
 /**
  * [ResponseParser] parses network responses, including data, errors and extensions from a [JsonReader]
@@ -21,33 +20,31 @@ internal object ResponseParser {
   fun <D : Operation.Data> parse(
       jsonReader: JsonReader,
       operation: Operation<D>,
+      requestUuid: Uuid?,
       customScalarAdapters: CustomScalarAdapters,
       deferredFragmentIds: Set<DeferredFragmentIdentifier>?,
   ): ApolloResponse<D> {
-    @Suppress("NAME_SHADOWING")
-    return jsonReader.use { jsonReader ->
-      jsonReader.beginObject()
-
-      var data: D? = null
-      var errors: List<Error>? = null
-      var extensions: Map<String, Any?>? = null
-      while (jsonReader.hasNext()) {
-        @Suppress("UNCHECKED_CAST")
-        when (jsonReader.nextName()) {
-          "data" -> {
-            val falseVariables = operation.falseVariables(customScalarAdapters)
-            data = operation.parseData(jsonReader, customScalarAdapters, falseVariables, deferredFragmentIds)
-          }
-          "errors" -> errors = jsonReader.readErrors()
-          "extensions" -> extensions = jsonReader.readAny() as? Map<String, Any?>
-          else -> jsonReader.skipValue()
+    jsonReader.beginObject()
+
+    var data: D? = null
+    var errors: List<Error>? = null
+    var extensions: Map<String, Any?>? = null
+    while (jsonReader.hasNext()) {
+      @Suppress("UNCHECKED_CAST")
+      when (jsonReader.nextName()) {
+        "data" -> {
+          val falseVariables = operation.falseVariables(customScalarAdapters)
+          data = operation.parseData(jsonReader, customScalarAdapters, falseVariables, deferredFragmentIds)
         }
+        "errors" -> errors = jsonReader.readErrors()
+        "extensions" -> extensions = jsonReader.readAny() as? Map<String, Any?>
+        else -> jsonReader.skipValue()
       }
+    }
 
-      jsonReader.endObject()
+    jsonReader.endObject()
 
-      ApolloResponse.Builder(requestUuid = uuid4(), operation = operation, data = data, errors = errors, extensions = extensions).build()
-    }
+    return ApolloResponse.Builder(requestUuid = requestUuid ?: uuid4(), operation = operation, data = data, errors = errors, extensions = extensions).build()
   }
 
   fun parseError(
diff --git a/libraries/apollo-runtime-java/src/main/java/com/apollographql/apollo3/runtime/java/network/http/HttpNetworkTransport.java b/libraries/apollo-runtime-java/src/main/java/com/apollographql/apollo3/runtime/java/network/http/HttpNetworkTransport.java
index 43201d61511..f646acaeb7c 100644
--- a/libraries/apollo-runtime-java/src/main/java/com/apollographql/apollo3/runtime/java/network/http/HttpNetworkTransport.java
+++ b/libraries/apollo-runtime-java/src/main/java/com/apollographql/apollo3/runtime/java/network/http/HttpNetworkTransport.java
@@ -62,13 +62,9 @@ public <D extends Operation.Data> void execute(@NotNull ApolloRequest<D> request
           }
         } else {
           BufferedSourceJsonReader jsonReader = new BufferedSourceJsonReader(response.getBody());
-          try {
-            CustomScalarAdapters customScalarAdapters = request.getExecutionContext().get(CustomScalarAdapters.Key);
-            ApolloResponse<D> apolloResponse = Operations.parseJsonResponse(request.getOperation(), jsonReader, customScalarAdapters);
-            callback.onResponse(apolloResponse);
-          } catch (Exception e) {
-            callback.onResponse(getExceptionResponse(request, new ApolloParseException("Cannot parse response", e)));
-          }
+          CustomScalarAdapters customScalarAdapters = request.getExecutionContext().get(CustomScalarAdapters.Key);
+          ApolloResponse<D> apolloResponse = Operations.toApolloResponse(jsonReader, request.getOperation(), request.getRequestUuid(), customScalarAdapters, null);
+          callback.onResponse(apolloResponse);
         }
       }
 
diff --git a/libraries/apollo-runtime-java/src/main/java/com/apollographql/apollo3/runtime/java/network/ws/WebSocketNetworkTransport.java b/libraries/apollo-runtime-java/src/main/java/com/apollographql/apollo3/runtime/java/network/ws/WebSocketNetworkTransport.java
index 16610ad13ca..b09528b23fd 100644
--- a/libraries/apollo-runtime-java/src/main/java/com/apollographql/apollo3/runtime/java/network/ws/WebSocketNetworkTransport.java
+++ b/libraries/apollo-runtime-java/src/main/java/com/apollographql/apollo3/runtime/java/network/ws/WebSocketNetworkTransport.java
@@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ private void disposeSubscription(String id) {
       CustomScalarAdapters customScalarAdapters = request.getExecutionContext().get(CustomScalarAdapters.Key);
       JsonReader jsonReader = new MapJsonReader(payload);
       //noinspection rawtypes
-      ApolloResponse apolloResponse = Operations.parseJsonResponse(request.getOperation(), jsonReader, customScalarAdapters).newBuilder().requestUuid(request.getRequestUuid()).build();
+      ApolloResponse apolloResponse = Operations.toApolloResponse(jsonReader, request.getOperation(), request.getRequestUuid(), customScalarAdapters, null);
       //noinspection unchecked
       subscriptionInfo.callback.onResponse(apolloResponse);
     }
diff --git a/libraries/apollo-runtime/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/apollographql/apollo3/network/http/HttpNetworkTransport.kt b/libraries/apollo-runtime/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/apollographql/apollo3/network/http/HttpNetworkTransport.kt
index ef22e0eef06..0aa90046b30 100644
--- a/libraries/apollo-runtime/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/apollographql/apollo3/network/http/HttpNetworkTransport.kt
+++ b/libraries/apollo-runtime/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/apollographql/apollo3/network/http/HttpNetworkTransport.kt
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ import com.apollographql.apollo3.api.http.HttpResponse
 import com.apollographql.apollo3.api.json.JsonReader
 import com.apollographql.apollo3.api.json.jsonReader
 import com.apollographql.apollo3.api.json.readAny
-import com.apollographql.apollo3.api.parseJsonResponse
+import com.apollographql.apollo3.api.toApolloResponse
 import com.apollographql.apollo3.exception.ApolloException
 import com.apollographql.apollo3.exception.ApolloHttpException
 import com.apollographql.apollo3.exception.ApolloParseException
@@ -26,7 +26,6 @@ import com.apollographql.apollo3.network.NetworkTransport
 import com.benasher44.uuid.Uuid
 import com.benasher44.uuid.uuid4
 import kotlinx.coroutines.flow.Flow
-import kotlinx.coroutines.flow.catch
 import kotlinx.coroutines.flow.emitAll
 import kotlinx.coroutines.flow.flow
 import kotlinx.coroutines.flow.flowOf
@@ -138,15 +137,11 @@ private constructor(
       customScalarAdapters: CustomScalarAdapters,
       httpResponse: HttpResponse,
   ): Flow<ApolloResponse<D>> {
-    val response = try {
-      operation.parseJsonResponse(
-          jsonReader = httpResponse.body!!.jsonReader(),
-          customScalarAdapters = customScalarAdapters,
-          deferredFragmentIdentifiers = null,
-      )
-    } catch (e: Exception) {
-      errorResponse(operation, e)
-    }
+    val response = httpResponse.body!!.jsonReader().toApolloResponse(
+        operation,
+        customScalarAdapters = customScalarAdapters,
+        deferredFragmentIdentifiers = null,
+    )
 
     return flowOf(response.newBuilder().isLast(true).build())
   }
@@ -194,11 +189,10 @@ private constructor(
                 reader.beginObject()
                 reader.nextName()
 
-                // TODO: make parseJsonResponse not close the jsonReader
-                operation.parseJsonResponse(
-                    jsonReader = reader,
+                reader.toApolloResponse(
+                    operation = operation,
                     customScalarAdapters = customScalarAdapters,
-                    deferredFragmentIdentifiers = null,
+                    deferredFragmentIdentifiers = null
                 )
               }
 
@@ -220,15 +214,13 @@ private constructor(
             if (jsonMerger!!.isEmptyPayload) {
               null
             } else {
-              operation.parseJsonResponse(
-                  jsonReader = merged.jsonReader(),
+              merged.jsonReader().toApolloResponse(
+                  operation = operation,
                   customScalarAdapters = customScalarAdapters,
-                  deferredFragmentIdentifiers = deferredFragmentIds,
+                  deferredFragmentIdentifiers = deferredFragmentIds
               ).newBuilder().isLast(isLast).build()
             }
           }
-        }.catch {
-          emit(errorResponse(operation, it))
         }
   }
 
diff --git a/libraries/apollo-runtime/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/apollographql/apollo3/network/ws/WebSocketNetworkTransport.kt b/libraries/apollo-runtime/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/apollographql/apollo3/network/ws/WebSocketNetworkTransport.kt
index 24cde7668d7..1d4e8862459 100644
--- a/libraries/apollo-runtime/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/apollographql/apollo3/network/ws/WebSocketNetworkTransport.kt
+++ b/libraries/apollo-runtime/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/apollographql/apollo3/network/ws/WebSocketNetworkTransport.kt
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ import com.apollographql.apollo3.api.CustomScalarAdapters
 import com.apollographql.apollo3.api.Operation
 import com.apollographql.apollo3.api.http.HttpHeader
 import com.apollographql.apollo3.api.json.jsonReader
-import com.apollographql.apollo3.api.parseJsonResponse
+import com.apollographql.apollo3.api.toApolloResponse
 import com.apollographql.apollo3.exception.ApolloException
 import com.apollographql.apollo3.exception.ApolloNetworkException
 import com.apollographql.apollo3.exception.SubscriptionOperationException
@@ -311,11 +311,13 @@ private constructor(
           } else {
             responsePayload to null
           }
-          val apolloResponse: ApolloResponse<D> = request.operation
-              .parseJsonResponse(jsonReader = payload.jsonReader(), customScalarAdapters = requestCustomScalarAdapters, deferredFragmentIdentifiers = mergedFragmentIds)
-              .newBuilder()
-              .requestUuid(request.requestUuid)
-              .build()
+          val apolloResponse: ApolloResponse<D> = payload.jsonReader().toApolloResponse(
+              operation = request.operation,
+              requestUuid = request.requestUuid,
+              customScalarAdapters = requestCustomScalarAdapters,
+              deferredFragmentIdentifiers = mergedFragmentIds
+          )
+
           if (!deferredJsonMerger.hasNext) {
             // Last deferred payload: reset the deferredJsonMerger for potential subsequent responses
             deferredJsonMerger.reset()
diff --git a/tests/include-skip-operation-based/src/test/kotlin/IncludeTest.kt b/tests/include-skip-operation-based/src/test/kotlin/IncludeTest.kt
index 04b0e4f4740..003767df3ec 100644
--- a/tests/include-skip-operation-based/src/test/kotlin/IncludeTest.kt
+++ b/tests/include-skip-operation-based/src/test/kotlin/IncludeTest.kt
@@ -1,10 +1,11 @@
+
 import com.apollographql.apollo3.api.ApolloResponse
 import com.apollographql.apollo3.api.CustomScalarAdapters
 import com.apollographql.apollo3.api.GlobalBuilder
 import com.apollographql.apollo3.api.Operation
 import com.apollographql.apollo3.api.Optional
 import com.apollographql.apollo3.api.json.MapJsonReader
-import com.apollographql.apollo3.api.parseJsonResponse
+import com.apollographql.apollo3.api.toApolloResponse
 import com.apollographql.apollo3.cache.normalized.api.TypePolicyCacheKeyGenerator
 import com.apollographql.apollo3.cache.normalized.api.normalize
 import com.example.GetCatIncludeFalseQuery
@@ -27,7 +28,7 @@ import kotlin.test.assertNull
 class IncludeTest {
 
   private fun <D : Operation.Data> Operation<D>.parseData(data: Map<String, Any?>): ApolloResponse<D> {
-    return parseJsonResponse(MapJsonReader(mapOf("data" to data)))
+    return MapJsonReader(mapOf("data" to data)).toApolloResponse(this)
   }
 
   @Test
diff --git a/tests/integration-tests/src/kotlinCodegenTest/kotlin/test/NormalizerTest.kt b/tests/integration-tests/src/kotlinCodegenTest/kotlin/test/NormalizerTest.kt
index 2672f751ef3..223a5e4b0aa 100644
--- a/tests/integration-tests/src/kotlinCodegenTest/kotlin/test/NormalizerTest.kt
+++ b/tests/integration-tests/src/kotlinCodegenTest/kotlin/test/NormalizerTest.kt
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import IdCacheKeyGenerator
 import com.apollographql.apollo3.api.CustomScalarAdapters
 import com.apollographql.apollo3.api.Operation
 import com.apollographql.apollo3.api.parseJsonResponse
+import com.apollographql.apollo3.api.toApolloResponse
 import com.apollographql.apollo3.cache.normalized.api.CacheHeaders
 import com.apollographql.apollo3.cache.normalized.api.CacheKey
 import com.apollographql.apollo3.cache.normalized.api.MemoryCacheFactory
@@ -248,7 +249,7 @@ class NormalizerTest {
 
   companion object {
     internal fun <D : Operation.Data> records(operation: Operation<D>, name: String): Map<String, Record> {
-      val response = operation.parseJsonResponse(testFixtureToJsonReader(name))
+      val response = testFixtureToJsonReader(name).toApolloResponse(operation)
       return operation.normalize(data = response.data!!, CustomScalarAdapters.Empty, cacheKeyGenerator = IdCacheKeyGenerator)
     }
 
diff --git a/tests/integration-tests/src/kotlinCodegenTest/kotlin/test/ParseResponseBodyTest.kt b/tests/integration-tests/src/kotlinCodegenTest/kotlin/test/ParseResponseBodyTest.kt
index af6be143138..229ec8f3c00 100644
--- a/tests/integration-tests/src/kotlinCodegenTest/kotlin/test/ParseResponseBodyTest.kt
+++ b/tests/integration-tests/src/kotlinCodegenTest/kotlin/test/ParseResponseBodyTest.kt
@@ -6,9 +6,10 @@ import com.apollographql.apollo3.api.CustomScalarAdapters
 import com.apollographql.apollo3.api.fromJson
 import com.apollographql.apollo3.api.json.MapJsonReader
 import com.apollographql.apollo3.api.json.jsonReader
-import com.apollographql.apollo3.api.parseJsonResponse
+import com.apollographql.apollo3.api.toApolloResponse
 import com.apollographql.apollo3.api.toJsonString
 import com.apollographql.apollo3.exception.ApolloException
+import com.apollographql.apollo3.exception.DefaultApolloException
 import com.apollographql.apollo3.integration.httpcache.AllFilmsQuery
 import com.apollographql.apollo3.integration.httpcache.AllPlanetsQuery
 import com.apollographql.apollo3.integration.httpcache.type.Date
@@ -23,6 +24,7 @@ import testFixtureToJsonReader
 import kotlin.test.Test
 import kotlin.test.assertEquals
 import kotlin.test.assertFalse
+import kotlin.test.assertIs
 import kotlin.test.assertNull
 import kotlin.test.assertTrue
 
@@ -34,7 +36,7 @@ class ParseResponseBodyTest {
   @Test
   @Throws(Exception::class)
   fun errorsAreProperlyRead() {
-    val response = AllPlanetsQuery().parseJsonResponse(testFixtureToJsonReader("ResponseError.json"))
+    val response = testFixtureToJsonReader("ResponseError.json").toApolloResponse(operation = AllPlanetsQuery())
     assertTrue(response.hasErrors())
     val errors = response.errors
     assertEquals2(errors?.get(0)?.message, "Cannot query field \"names\" on type \"Species\".")
@@ -52,7 +54,7 @@ class ParseResponseBodyTest {
      * If I'm reading the spec right, passing null in location/path/extensions is most likely
      * an error, but we are lenient there and allow it
      */
-    val response = AllPlanetsQuery().parseJsonResponse(testFixtureToJsonReader("ResponseErrorWithNulls.json"))
+    val response = testFixtureToJsonReader("ResponseErrorWithNulls.json").toApolloResponse(operation = AllPlanetsQuery())
     assertTrue(response.hasErrors())
     assertEquals(response.errors?.size, 1)
     assertEquals(response.errors!![0].message, "Response with nulls")
@@ -67,7 +69,7 @@ class ParseResponseBodyTest {
     /**
      * location, path and extensions are all optional
      */
-    val response = AllPlanetsQuery().parseJsonResponse(testFixtureToJsonReader("ResponseErrorWithAbsent.json"))
+    val response = testFixtureToJsonReader("ResponseErrorWithAbsent.json").toApolloResponse(operation = AllPlanetsQuery())
     assertTrue(response.hasErrors())
     assertEquals(response.errors?.size, 1)
     assertEquals(response.errors!![0].message, "Response with absent")
@@ -84,7 +86,7 @@ class ParseResponseBodyTest {
      * Extensions are mapped to Kotlin types.
      * Big numbers should throw although this is not tested here
      */
-    val response = AllPlanetsQuery().parseJsonResponse(testFixtureToJsonReader("ResponseErrorWithExtensions.json"))
+    val response = testFixtureToJsonReader("ResponseErrorWithExtensions.json").toApolloResponse(operation = AllPlanetsQuery())
     assertTrue(response.hasErrors())
     assertEquals(response.errors!![0].extensions?.size, 4)
     assertEquals(response.errors!![0].extensions?.get("code"), 500)
@@ -101,7 +103,7 @@ class ParseResponseBodyTest {
   @Test
   @Throws(Exception::class)
   fun errorWithNonStandardFields() {
-    val response = AllPlanetsQuery().parseJsonResponse(testFixtureToJsonReader("ResponseErrorWithNonStandardFields.json"))
+    val response = testFixtureToJsonReader("ResponseErrorWithNonStandardFields.json").toApolloResponse(operation = AllPlanetsQuery())
     assertTrue(response.hasErrors())
     val nonStandardFields = response.errors!![0].nonStandardFields!!
     assertEquals(3, nonStandardFields.size)
@@ -125,7 +127,7 @@ class ParseResponseBodyTest {
   @Test
   @Throws(Exception::class)
   fun errorResponse_with_data() {
-    val response = EpisodeHeroNameQuery(Episode.JEDI).parseJsonResponse(testFixtureToJsonReader("ResponseErrorWithData.json"))
+    val response = testFixtureToJsonReader("ResponseErrorWithData.json").toApolloResponse(operation = EpisodeHeroNameQuery(Episode.JEDI))
     val data = response.data
     val errors = response.errors
     assertTrue(data != null)
@@ -142,10 +144,7 @@ class ParseResponseBodyTest {
   @Throws(Exception::class)
   fun allFilmsWithDate() {
 
-    val response = AllFilmsQuery().parseJsonResponse(
-        testFixtureToJsonReader("HttpCacheTestAllFilms.json"),
-        CustomScalarAdapters.Builder().add(Date.type, KotlinxLocalDateAdapter).build()
-    )
+    val response = testFixtureToJsonReader("HttpCacheTestAllFilms.json").toApolloResponse(operation = AllFilmsQuery(), customScalarAdapters = CustomScalarAdapters.Builder().add(Date.type, KotlinxLocalDateAdapter).build())
     assertFalse(response.hasErrors())
     assertEquals(response.data!!.allFilms?.films?.size, 6)
     assertEquals(
@@ -157,7 +156,7 @@ class ParseResponseBodyTest {
   @Test
   @Throws(Exception::class)
   fun dataNull() {
-    val response = HeroNameQuery().parseJsonResponse(testFixtureToJsonReader("ResponseDataNull.json"))
+    val response = testFixtureToJsonReader("ResponseDataNull.json").toApolloResponse(operation = HeroNameQuery())
     assertTrue(response.data == null)
     assertFalse(response.hasErrors())
   }
@@ -165,20 +164,21 @@ class ParseResponseBodyTest {
   @Test
   @Throws(Exception::class)
   fun fieldMissing() {
-    try {
-      HeroNameQuery().parseJsonResponse(testFixtureToJsonReader("ResponseDataMissing.json"))
-      error("an error was expected")
-    } catch (e: NullPointerException) {
-      // This is the Kotlin codegen case
-    } catch (e: ApolloException) {
+    val exception = testFixtureToJsonReader("ResponseDataMissing.json").toApolloResponse(operation = HeroNameQuery()).exception
+    if (exception is DefaultApolloException) {
       // This is the (better) Java codegen case
+      assertTrue(exception.message?.contains("Field 'name' is missing") == true)
+    } else {
+      // Kotlin codegen case
+      assertIs<ApolloException>(exception)
+      assertIs<NullPointerException>(exception.cause)
     }
   }
 
   @Test
   @Throws(Exception::class)
   fun operationResponseParser() {
-    val data = HeroNameQuery().parseJsonResponse(testFixtureToJsonReader("HeroNameResponse.json")).data
+    val data = testFixtureToJsonReader("HeroNameResponse.json").toApolloResponse(operation = HeroNameQuery()).data
     assertEquals(data!!.hero?.name, "R2-D2")
   }
 
@@ -186,7 +186,7 @@ class ParseResponseBodyTest {
   @Throws(Exception::class)
   fun parseSuccessOperationRawResponse() {
     val query = AllPlanetsQuery()
-    val response = query.parseJsonResponse(testFixtureToJsonReader("AllPlanetsNullableField.json"))
+    val response = testFixtureToJsonReader("AllPlanetsNullableField.json").toApolloResponse(operation = query)
     assertEquals(response.operation, query)
     assertFalse(response.hasErrors())
     assertTrue(response.data != null)
@@ -196,10 +196,7 @@ class ParseResponseBodyTest {
   @Test
   @Throws(Exception::class)
   fun parseErrorOperationRawResponse() {
-    val response = EpisodeHeroNameQuery(Episode.EMPIRE).parseJsonResponse(
-        testFixtureToJsonReader("/ResponseErrorWithData.json"),
-        CustomScalarAdapters.Empty
-    )
+    val response = testFixtureToJsonReader("/ResponseErrorWithData.json").toApolloResponse(operation = EpisodeHeroNameQuery(Episode.EMPIRE), customScalarAdapters = CustomScalarAdapters.Empty)
     val data = response.data
     val errors = response.errors
 
@@ -216,7 +213,7 @@ class ParseResponseBodyTest {
   @Throws(Exception::class)
   fun extensionsAreReadFromResponse() {
     val query = HeroNameQuery()
-    val extensions = query.parseJsonResponse(testFixtureToJsonReader("HeroNameResponse.json")).extensions
+    val extensions = testFixtureToJsonReader("HeroNameResponse.json").toApolloResponse(operation = query).extensions
     assertEquals(
         extensions,
         mapOf(
diff --git a/tests/js/src/jsTest/kotlin/JsTest.kt b/tests/js/src/jsTest/kotlin/JsTest.kt
index d7e6c5d99f6..30496e200f3 100644
--- a/tests/js/src/jsTest/kotlin/JsTest.kt
+++ b/tests/js/src/jsTest/kotlin/JsTest.kt
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import com.apollographql.apollo3.api.json.DynamicJsJsonReader
-import com.apollographql.apollo3.api.parseJsonResponse
+import com.apollographql.apollo3.api.toApolloResponse
 import js.test.CreateCustomerMutation
 import js.test.GetSalesPeopleQuery
 import kotlin.test.Test
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ class JsTest {
         """.trimIndent()) as dynamic
     val query = GetSalesPeopleQuery()
     val jsonReader = DynamicJsJsonReader(dynamicResponse)
-    val response = query.parseJsonResponse(jsonReader)
+    val response = jsonReader.toApolloResponse(operation = query)
     assertEquals(
         GetSalesPeopleQuery.Data(
             getSalesPeople = listOf(
diff --git a/tests/models-operation-based-with-interfaces/src/test/kotlin/test/ParseResponseBodyTest.kt b/tests/models-operation-based-with-interfaces/src/test/kotlin/test/ParseResponseBodyTest.kt
index c6cafb828c5..321cfcc1ab6 100644
--- a/tests/models-operation-based-with-interfaces/src/test/kotlin/test/ParseResponseBodyTest.kt
+++ b/tests/models-operation-based-with-interfaces/src/test/kotlin/test/ParseResponseBodyTest.kt
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import com.apollographql.apollo3.api.json.buildJsonString
 import com.apollographql.apollo3.api.json.jsonReader
 import com.apollographql.apollo3.api.json.readAny
 import com.apollographql.apollo3.api.parseJsonResponse
+import com.apollographql.apollo3.api.toApolloResponse
 import okio.Buffer
 import testFixtureToJsonReader
 import testFixtureToUtf8
@@ -18,7 +19,7 @@ class ParseResponseBodyTest {
    */
   @Test
   fun allPlanetQuery() {
-    val data = AllPlanetsQuery().parseJsonResponse(testFixtureToJsonReader("AllPlanets.json")).data
+    val data = testFixtureToJsonReader("AllPlanets.json").toApolloResponse(operation = AllPlanetsQuery()).data
 
     assertEquals(data!!.allPlanets?.planets?.size, 60)
     val planets = data.allPlanets?.planets?.mapNotNull {
@@ -48,7 +49,7 @@ class ParseResponseBodyTest {
     val expected = testFixtureToUtf8("OperationJsonWriter.json")
 
     val query = AllPlanetsQuery()
-    val data = query.parseJsonResponse(Buffer().writeUtf8(expected).jsonReader()).data
+    val data = Buffer().writeUtf8(expected).jsonReader().toApolloResponse(operation = query).data
     val actual = buildJsonString(indent = "  ") {
       query.composeJsonResponse(this, data!!)
     }
diff --git a/tests/models-operation-based/src/kotlinCodegenTest/kotlin/test/ParseResponseBodyTest.kt b/tests/models-operation-based/src/kotlinCodegenTest/kotlin/test/ParseResponseBodyTest.kt
index c6cafb828c5..6daf36bcb2d 100644
--- a/tests/models-operation-based/src/kotlinCodegenTest/kotlin/test/ParseResponseBodyTest.kt
+++ b/tests/models-operation-based/src/kotlinCodegenTest/kotlin/test/ParseResponseBodyTest.kt
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ import com.apollographql.apollo3.api.composeJsonResponse
 import com.apollographql.apollo3.api.json.buildJsonString
 import com.apollographql.apollo3.api.json.jsonReader
 import com.apollographql.apollo3.api.json.readAny
-import com.apollographql.apollo3.api.parseJsonResponse
+import com.apollographql.apollo3.api.toApolloResponse
 import okio.Buffer
 import testFixtureToJsonReader
 import testFixtureToUtf8
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ class ParseResponseBodyTest {
    */
   @Test
   fun allPlanetQuery() {
-    val data = AllPlanetsQuery().parseJsonResponse(testFixtureToJsonReader("AllPlanets.json")).data
+    val data = testFixtureToJsonReader("AllPlanets.json").toApolloResponse(operation = AllPlanetsQuery()).data
 
     assertEquals(data!!.allPlanets?.planets?.size, 60)
     val planets = data.allPlanets?.planets?.mapNotNull {
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ class ParseResponseBodyTest {
     val expected = testFixtureToUtf8("OperationJsonWriter.json")
 
     val query = AllPlanetsQuery()
-    val data = query.parseJsonResponse(Buffer().writeUtf8(expected).jsonReader()).data
+    val data = Buffer().writeUtf8(expected).jsonReader().toApolloResponse(operation = query).data
     val actual = buildJsonString(indent = "  ") {
       query.composeJsonResponse(this, data!!)
     }
diff --git a/tests/models-response-based/src/commonTest/kotlin/test/ParseResponseBodyTest.kt b/tests/models-response-based/src/commonTest/kotlin/test/ParseResponseBodyTest.kt
index 6b701c8e7a5..a845ab5e6e9 100644
--- a/tests/models-response-based/src/commonTest/kotlin/test/ParseResponseBodyTest.kt
+++ b/tests/models-response-based/src/commonTest/kotlin/test/ParseResponseBodyTest.kt
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ import com.apollographql.apollo3.api.composeJsonResponse
 import com.apollographql.apollo3.api.json.buildJsonString
 import com.apollographql.apollo3.api.json.jsonReader
 import com.apollographql.apollo3.api.parseJsonResponse
+import com.apollographql.apollo3.api.toApolloResponse
 import com.apollographql.apollo3.mpp.Platform
 import com.apollographql.apollo3.mpp.platform
 import okio.Buffer
@@ -23,7 +24,7 @@ class ParseResponseBodyTest {
    */
   @Test
   fun allPlanetQuery() {
-    val data = AllPlanetsQuery().parseJsonResponse(testFixtureToJsonReader("AllPlanets.json")).data
+    val data = testFixtureToJsonReader("AllPlanets.json").toApolloResponse(operation = AllPlanetsQuery()).data
 
     assertEquals(data!!.allPlanets?.planets?.size, 60)
     val planets = data.allPlanets?.planets?.mapNotNull {
@@ -52,7 +53,7 @@ class ParseResponseBodyTest {
   fun operationJsonWriter() {
     val expected = testFixtureToUtf8("OperationJsonWriter.json")
     val query = AllPlanetsQuery()
-    val data = query.parseJsonResponse(Buffer().writeUtf8(expected).jsonReader()).data
+    val data = Buffer().writeUtf8(expected).jsonReader().toApolloResponse(operation = query).data
     val actual = buildJsonString(indent = "  ") {
       query.composeJsonResponse(this, data!!)
     }
diff --git a/tests/no-runtime/src/test/kotlin/test/NoRuntimeTest.kt b/tests/no-runtime/src/test/kotlin/test/NoRuntimeTest.kt
index 54da89ebf52..5170840e680 100644
--- a/tests/no-runtime/src/test/kotlin/test/NoRuntimeTest.kt
+++ b/tests/no-runtime/src/test/kotlin/test/NoRuntimeTest.kt
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ import com.apollographql.apollo3.annotations.ApolloInternal
 import com.apollographql.apollo3.api.composeJsonRequest
 import com.apollographql.apollo3.api.json.BufferedSinkJsonWriter
 import com.apollographql.apollo3.api.json.BufferedSourceJsonReader
-import com.apollographql.apollo3.api.parseJsonResponse
+import com.apollographql.apollo3.api.toApolloResponse
 import com.example.GetRandomQuery
 import okhttp3.MediaType.Companion.toMediaType
 import okhttp3.OkHttpClient
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ class NoRuntimeTest {
     assertTrue(response.body != null)
 
     val apolloResponse = response.body?.use {
-      query.parseJsonResponse(BufferedSourceJsonReader(it.source()))
+      BufferedSourceJsonReader(it.source()).toApolloResponse(operation = query)
     }
 
     assertEquals(42, apolloResponse?.data?.random)
diff --git a/tests/normalization-tests/src/test/kotlin/com/example/NormalizationTest.kt b/tests/normalization-tests/src/test/kotlin/com/example/NormalizationTest.kt
index 2ab2c597c1b..929743c613c 100644
--- a/tests/normalization-tests/src/test/kotlin/com/example/NormalizationTest.kt
+++ b/tests/normalization-tests/src/test/kotlin/com/example/NormalizationTest.kt
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import com.apollographql.apollo3.api.CustomScalarAdapters
 import com.apollographql.apollo3.api.Executable
 import com.apollographql.apollo3.api.json.jsonReader
 import com.apollographql.apollo3.api.parseJsonResponse
+import com.apollographql.apollo3.api.toApolloResponse
 import com.apollographql.apollo3.cache.normalized.ApolloStore
 import com.apollographql.apollo3.cache.normalized.api.CacheKey
 import com.apollographql.apollo3.cache.normalized.api.CacheKeyGenerator
@@ -48,7 +49,7 @@ class NormalizationTest {
 
     val query = Issue3672Query()
 
-    val data1 = query.parseJsonResponse(Buffer().writeUtf8(nestedResponse).jsonReader(), CustomScalarAdapters.Empty).dataOrThrow()
+    val data1 = Buffer().writeUtf8(nestedResponse).jsonReader().toApolloResponse(operation = query, customScalarAdapters = CustomScalarAdapters.Empty).dataOrThrow()
     store.writeOperation(query, data1)
 
     val data2 = store.readOperation(query)
@@ -65,7 +66,7 @@ class NormalizationTest {
 
     val query = NestedFragmentQuery()
 
-    val data1 = query.parseJsonResponse(Buffer().writeUtf8(nestedResponse_list).jsonReader(), CustomScalarAdapters.Empty).dataOrThrow()
+    val data1 = Buffer().writeUtf8(nestedResponse_list).jsonReader().toApolloResponse(operation = query, customScalarAdapters = CustomScalarAdapters.Empty).dataOrThrow()
     store.writeOperation(query, data1)
 
     val data2 = store.readOperation(query)
diff --git a/tests/outofbounds/src/test/kotlin/test/OutOfBoundsTest.kt b/tests/outofbounds/src/test/kotlin/test/OutOfBoundsTest.kt
index d11e660ecd7..e48c245d540 100644
--- a/tests/outofbounds/src/test/kotlin/test/OutOfBoundsTest.kt
+++ b/tests/outofbounds/src/test/kotlin/test/OutOfBoundsTest.kt
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ package test
 
 import com.apollographql.apollo3.api.json.jsonReader
 import com.apollographql.apollo3.api.parseJsonResponse
+import com.apollographql.apollo3.api.toApolloResponse
 import okio.buffer
 import okio.source
 import org.junit.Test
@@ -11,6 +12,6 @@ import java.io.File
 class OutOfBoundsTest {
   @Test
   fun checkOutOfBounds() {
-    GetAnimalQuery().parseJsonResponse(File("src/main/json/response.json").source().buffer().jsonReader()).dataOrThrow()
+    File("src/main/json/response.json").source().buffer().jsonReader().toApolloResponse(operation = GetAnimalQuery()).dataOrThrow()
   }
 }
\ No newline at end of file