diff --git a/src/overloads/gradient_tracer.jl b/src/overloads/gradient_tracer.jl
index 2ff4778..e1e9bd5 100644
--- a/src/overloads/gradient_tracer.jl
+++ b/src/overloads/gradient_tracer.jl
@@ -2,9 +2,7 @@ SCT = SparseConnectivityTracer
 
 ## 1-to-1
 
-@noinline function gradient_tracer_1_to_1(
-    t::T, is_der1_zero::Bool
-) where {T<:GradientTracer}
+function gradient_tracer_1_to_1(t::T, is_der1_zero::Bool) where {T<:GradientTracer}
     if is_der1_zero && !isemptytracer(t)
         return myempty(T)
     else
@@ -36,7 +34,7 @@ function generate_code_gradient_1_to_1(M::Symbol, f::Function)
 
     expr_gradienttracer = quote
         function $M.$fname(t::$SCT.GradientTracer)
-            return $SCT.gradient_tracer_1_to_1(t, $is_der1_zero_g)
+            return @noinline $SCT.gradient_tracer_1_to_1(t, $is_der1_zero_g)
         end
     end
 
@@ -55,7 +53,7 @@ function generate_code_gradient_1_to_1(M::Symbol, f::Function)
 
                 t = $SCT.tracer(d)
                 is_der1_zero = $SCT.is_der1_zero_local($M.$fname, x)
-                t_out = $SCT.gradient_tracer_1_to_1(t, is_der1_zero)
+                t_out = @noinline $SCT.gradient_tracer_1_to_1(t, is_der1_zero)
                 return $SCT.Dual(p_out, t_out)
             end
         end
@@ -65,7 +63,7 @@ end
 
 ## 2-to-1
 
-@noinline function gradient_tracer_2_to_1(
+function gradient_tracer_2_to_1(
     tx::T, ty::T, is_der1_arg1_zero::Bool, is_der1_arg2_zero::Bool
 ) where {T<:GradientTracer}
     # TODO: add tests for isempty
@@ -116,7 +114,7 @@ function generate_code_gradient_2_to_1(M::Symbol, f::Function)
 
     expr_tracer_tracer = quote
         function $M.$fname(tx::T, ty::T) where {T<:$SCT.GradientTracer}
-            return $SCT.gradient_tracer_2_to_1(
+            return @noinline $SCT.gradient_tracer_2_to_1(
                 tx, ty, $is_der1_arg1_zero_g, $is_der1_arg2_zero_g
             )
         end
@@ -141,7 +139,7 @@ function generate_code_gradient_2_to_1(M::Symbol, f::Function)
                 ty = $SCT.tracer(dy)
                 is_der1_arg1_zero = $SCT.is_der1_arg1_zero_local($M.$fname, x, y)
                 is_der1_arg2_zero = $SCT.is_der1_arg2_zero_local($M.$fname, x, y)
-                t_out = $SCT.gradient_tracer_2_to_1(
+                t_out = @noinline $SCT.gradient_tracer_2_to_1(
                     tx, ty, is_der1_arg1_zero, is_der1_arg2_zero
                 )
                 return $SCT.Dual(p_out, t_out)
@@ -164,12 +162,12 @@ function generate_code_gradient_2_to_1_typed(
 
     expr_tracer_type = quote
         function $M.$fname(tx::$SCT.GradientTracer, ::$Z)
-            return $SCT.gradient_tracer_1_to_1(tx, $is_der1_arg1_zero_g)
+            return @noinline $SCT.gradient_tracer_1_to_1(tx, $is_der1_arg1_zero_g)
         end
     end
     expr_type_tracer = quote
         function $M.$fname(::$Z, ty::$SCT.GradientTracer)
-            return $SCT.gradient_tracer_1_to_1(ty, $is_der1_arg2_zero_g)
+            return @noinline $SCT.gradient_tracer_1_to_1(ty, $is_der1_arg2_zero_g)
         end
     end
 
@@ -188,7 +186,7 @@ function generate_code_gradient_2_to_1_typed(
 
                 tx = $SCT.tracer(dx)
                 is_der1_arg1_zero = $SCT.is_der1_arg1_zero_local($M.$fname, x, y)
-                t_out = $SCT.gradient_tracer_1_to_1(tx, is_der1_arg1_zero)
+                t_out = @noinline $SCT.gradient_tracer_1_to_1(tx, is_der1_arg1_zero)
                 return $SCT.Dual(p_out, t_out)
             end
         end
@@ -208,7 +206,7 @@ function generate_code_gradient_2_to_1_typed(
 
                 ty = $SCT.tracer(dy)
                 is_der1_arg2_zero = $SCT.is_der1_arg2_zero_local($M.$fname, x, y)
-                t_out = $SCT.gradient_tracer_1_to_1(ty, is_der1_arg2_zero)
+                t_out = @noinline $SCT.gradient_tracer_1_to_1(ty, is_der1_arg2_zero)
                 return $SCT.Dual(p_out, t_out)
             end
         end
@@ -218,7 +216,7 @@ end
 
 ## 1-to-2
 
-@noinline function gradient_tracer_1_to_2(
+function gradient_tracer_1_to_2(
     t::T, is_der1_out1_zero::Bool, is_der1_out2_zero::Bool
 ) where {T<:GradientTracer}
     if isemptytracer(t) # TODO: add test
@@ -237,7 +235,9 @@ function generate_code_gradient_1_to_2(M::Symbol, f::Function)
 
     expr_gradienttracer = quote
         function $M.$fname(t::$SCT.GradientTracer)
-            return $SCT.gradient_tracer_1_to_2(t, $is_der1_out1_zero_g, $is_der1_out2_zero_g)
+            return @noinline $SCT.gradient_tracer_1_to_2(
+                t, $is_der1_out1_zero_g, $is_der1_out2_zero_g
+            )
         end
     end
 
@@ -257,7 +257,7 @@ function generate_code_gradient_1_to_2(M::Symbol, f::Function)
                 t = $SCT.tracer(d)
                 is_der1_out2_zero = $SCT.is_der1_out2_zero_local($M.$fname, x)
                 is_der1_out1_zero = $SCT.is_der1_out1_zero_local($M.$fname, x)
-                t_out1, t_out2 = $SCT.gradient_tracer_1_to_2(
+                t_out1, t_out2 = @noinline $SCT.gradient_tracer_1_to_2(
                     t, is_der1_out1_zero, is_der1_out2_zero
                 )
                 return ($SCT.Dual(p_out1, t_out1), $SCT.Dual(p_out2, t_out2))  # TODO: this was wrong, add test
diff --git a/src/overloads/hessian_tracer.jl b/src/overloads/hessian_tracer.jl
index e19cba5..cc7c90d 100644
--- a/src/overloads/hessian_tracer.jl
+++ b/src/overloads/hessian_tracer.jl
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ SCT = SparseConnectivityTracer
 # 𝟙[∇γ]  = 𝟙[∂φ]⋅𝟙[∇α]
 # 𝟙[∇²γ] = 𝟙[∂φ]⋅𝟙[∇²α] ∨ 𝟙[∂²φ]⋅(𝟙[∇α] ∨ 𝟙[∇α]ᵀ)
 
-@noinline function hessian_tracer_1_to_1(
+function hessian_tracer_1_to_1(
     t::T, is_der1_zero::Bool, is_der2_zero::Bool
 ) where {P<:AbstractHessianPattern,T<:HessianTracer{P}}
     if isemptytracer(t) # TODO: add test
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ function generate_code_hessian_1_to_1(M::Symbol, f::Function)
     expr_hessiantracer = quote
         ## HessianTracer
         function $M.$fname(t::$SCT.HessianTracer)
-            return $SCT.hessian_tracer_1_to_1(t, $is_der1_zero_g, $is_der2_zero_g)
+            return @noinline $SCT.hessian_tracer_1_to_1(t, $is_der1_zero_g, $is_der2_zero_g)
         end
     end
 
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ function generate_code_hessian_1_to_1(M::Symbol, f::Function)
                 t = $SCT.tracer(d)
                 is_der1_zero = $SCT.is_der1_zero_local($M.$fname, x)
                 is_der2_zero = $SCT.is_der2_zero_local($M.$fname, x)
-                t_out = $SCT.hessian_tracer_1_to_1(t, is_der1_zero, is_der2_zero)
+                t_out = @noinline $SCT.hessian_tracer_1_to_1(t, is_der1_zero, is_der2_zero)
                 return $SCT.Dual(p_out, t_out)
             end
         end
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ end
 
 ## 2-to-1
 
-@noinline function hessian_tracer_2_to_1(
+function hessian_tracer_2_to_1(
     tx::T,
     ty::T,
     is_der1_arg1_zero::Bool,
@@ -189,7 +189,7 @@ function generate_code_hessian_2_to_1(
 
     expr_tracer_tracer = quote
         function $M.$fname(tx::T, ty::T) where {T<:$SCT.HessianTracer}
-            return $SCT.hessian_tracer_2_to_1(
+            return @noinline $SCT.hessian_tracer_2_to_1(
                 tx,
                 ty,
                 $is_der1_arg1_zero_g,
@@ -232,7 +232,7 @@ function generate_code_hessian_2_to_1(
                     is_der1_arg2_zero = $SCT.is_der1_arg2_zero_local($M.$fname, x, y)
                     is_der2_arg2_zero = $SCT.is_der2_arg2_zero_local($M.$fname, x, y)
                     is_der_cross_zero = $SCT.is_der_cross_zero_local($M.$fname, x, y)
-                    t_out = $SCT.hessian_tracer_2_to_1(
+                    t_out = @noinline $SCT.hessian_tracer_2_to_1(
                         tx,
                         ty,
                         is_der1_arg1_zero,
@@ -263,12 +263,16 @@ function generate_code_hessian_2_to_1_typed(
 
     expr_tracer_type = quote
         function $M.$fname(tx::$SCT.HessianTracer, y::$Z)
-            return $SCT.hessian_tracer_1_to_1(tx, $is_der1_arg1_zero_g, $is_der2_arg1_zero_g)
+            return @noinline $SCT.hessian_tracer_1_to_1(
+                tx, $is_der1_arg1_zero_g, $is_der2_arg1_zero_g
+            )
         end
     end
     expr_type_tracer = quote
         function $M.$fname(x::$Z, ty::$SCT.HessianTracer)
-            return $SCT.hessian_tracer_1_to_1(ty, $is_der1_arg2_zero_g, $is_der2_arg2_zero_g)
+            return @noinline $SCT.hessian_tracer_1_to_1(
+                ty, $is_der1_arg2_zero_g, $is_der2_arg2_zero_g
+            )
         end
     end
 
@@ -288,7 +292,9 @@ function generate_code_hessian_2_to_1_typed(
                 tx = $SCT.tracer(dx)
                 is_der1_arg1_zero = $SCT.is_der1_arg1_zero_local($M.$fname, x, y)
                 is_der2_arg1_zero = $SCT.is_der2_arg1_zero_local($M.$fname, x, y)
-                t_out = $SCT.hessian_tracer_1_to_1(tx, is_der1_arg1_zero, is_der2_arg1_zero)
+                t_out = @noinline $SCT.hessian_tracer_1_to_1(
+                    tx, is_der1_arg1_zero, is_der2_arg1_zero
+                )
                 return $SCT.Dual(p_out, t_out)
             end
         end
@@ -309,7 +315,9 @@ function generate_code_hessian_2_to_1_typed(
                 ty = $SCT.tracer(dy)
                 is_der1_arg2_zero = $SCT.is_der1_arg2_zero_local($M.$fname, x, y)
                 is_der2_arg2_zero = $SCT.is_der2_arg2_zero_local($M.$fname, x, y)
-                t_out = $SCT.hessian_tracer_1_to_1(ty, is_der1_arg2_zero, is_der2_arg2_zero)
+                t_out = @noinline $SCT.hessian_tracer_1_to_1(
+                    ty, is_der1_arg2_zero, is_der2_arg2_zero
+                )
                 return $SCT.Dual(p_out, t_out)
             end
         end
@@ -319,7 +327,7 @@ end
 
 ## 1-to-2
 
-@noinline function hessian_tracer_1_to_2(
+function hessian_tracer_1_to_2(
     t::T,
     is_der1_out1_zero::Bool,
     is_der2_out1_zero::Bool,
@@ -344,7 +352,7 @@ function generate_code_hessian_1_to_2(M::Symbol, f::Function)
 
     expr_hessiantracer = quote
         function $M.$fname(t::$SCT.HessianTracer)
-            return $SCT.hessian_tracer_1_to_2(
+            return @noinline $SCT.hessian_tracer_1_to_2(
                 t,
                 $is_der1_out1_zero_g,
                 $is_der2_out1_zero_g,
@@ -375,7 +383,7 @@ function generate_code_hessian_1_to_2(M::Symbol, f::Function)
                     is_der2_out1_zero = $SCT.is_der2_out1_zero_local($M.$fname, x)
                     is_der1_out2_zero = $SCT.is_der1_out2_zero_local($M.$fname, x)
                     is_der2_out2_zero = $SCT.is_der2_out2_zero_local($M.$fname, x)
-                    t_out1, t_out2 = $SCT.hessian_tracer_1_to_2(
+                    t_out1, t_out2 = @noinline $SCT.hessian_tracer_1_to_2(
                         d,
                         is_der1_out1_zero,
                         is_der2_out1_zero,
diff --git a/test/Project.toml b/test/Project.toml
index 26182e3..5ae20d2 100644
--- a/test/Project.toml
+++ b/test/Project.toml
@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@ ADNLPModels = "54578032-b7ea-4c30-94aa-7cbd1cce6c9a"
 ADTypes = "47edcb42-4c32-4615-8424-f2b9edc5f35b"
 Aqua = "4c88cf16-eb10-579e-8560-4a9242c79595"
 BenchmarkTools = "6e4b80f9-dd63-53aa-95a3-0cdb28fa8baf"
-Compat = "34da2185-b29b-5c13-b0c7-acf172513d20"
 ComponentArrays = "b0b7db55-cfe3-40fc-9ded-d10e2dbeff66"
 DataInterpolations = "82cc6244-b520-54b8-b5a6-8a565e85f1d0"
 Dates = "ade2ca70-3891-5945-98fb-dc099432e06a"
diff --git a/test/runtests.jl b/test/runtests.jl
index 453f40c..8e9fd75 100644
--- a/test/runtests.jl
+++ b/test/runtests.jl
@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@ Pkg.develop(;
 )
 
 using SparseConnectivityTracer
-using Compat: pkgversion
 using Documenter: Documenter, DocMeta
 using Test
 
diff --git a/test/test_gradient.jl b/test/test_gradient.jl
index 02e6989..45fe991 100644
--- a/test/test_gradient.jl
+++ b/test/test_gradient.jl
@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@ using SparseConnectivityTracer
 using SparseConnectivityTracer: GradientTracer, Dual, MissingPrimalError
 using Test
 
-using Compat: Returns
 using Random: rand, GLOBAL_RNG
 using LinearAlgebra: det, dot, logdet