Mixins

30log provides a basic support for mixins. This is a powerful concept that can be used to share the same functionality across different classes, especially when they are unrelated.

30log implements mixins as tables containing a set of functions prototyped as class methods. A mixin is included in a class using class:with().

-- A simple Geometry mixin
local Geometry = {
  getArea = function(self) return self.width * self.height end
}

-- Let us define two unrelated classes
local Window = class ("Window", {width = 480, height = 250})
local Button = class ("Button", {width = 100, height = 50, onClick = false})

-- Include the "Geometry" mixin in Window and Button classes
Window:with(Geometry)
Button:with(Geometry)

-- Let us define instances from those classes
local aWindow = Window()
local aButton = Button()

-- Instances can use functionalities brought by Geometry mixin.
print(aWindow:getArea()) -- outputs 120000
print(aButton:getArea()) -- outputs 5000

Also, note that a mixin cannot be included more than once. Trying to add to a class a mixin which was already included will raise an error.

Window:with(Geometry) -- raises an error, since Geometry mixin was already added to class 'Window'

The new methods provided by the mixins works as regular methods. Subclasses will inherit them.
Also, the built-in class method :with() can takes a variable number of mixins or use chaining to include a lot of mixins at once.

Window:with(mixin1, mixin2, mixin3,...)
Window:with(mixin1):with(mixin2):with(mixin3):with(...) -- same as the previous line

What if we want to know if a specific mixin was added to a class ? We can use the buit-in class method :includes(). It returns true when a class or any of its superclasses includes a specific mixin.

print(Window:includes(Geometry)) -- outputs true
print(Button:includes(Geometry)) -- outputs true

-- Let us create a subclass from Window class
local subWindow = Window:extend()
print(subWindow:includes(Geometry)) -- still outputs true

Finally, a mixin can be removed from a class via the built-in class method :without():

Window:without(Geometry)
print(Window:includes(Geometry)) -- outputs false
print(Window.getArea) -- outputs nil

Similarly to :with(), :without() can take a variable number or mixins to be removed from a class at once. Or it can use chaining, too.

Window:without(mixin1, mixin2, mixin3,...)
Window:without(mixin1):without(mixin2):without(mixin3):without(...) -- same as the previous line