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<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="nl"><head><meta charset="utf-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><title>Lamento bas - Hohe Messe</title><meta name="description" content="Hohe Messe, BWV 232, J.S. Bach, Bach, Johann Sebastian Bach, Missa in h-moll, Mis in b-klein, Mis in h-moll, h-Moll-Messe, Messe in h-moll, Mass in B minor"><meta name="generator" content="Publii Open-Source CMS for Static Site"><link rel="canonical" href="https://villantiqua.github.io/hm-pages/lamento-bas.html"><link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://villantiqua.github.io/hm-pages/feed.xml"><link rel="alternate" type="application/json" href="https://villantiqua.github.io/hm-pages/feed.json"><meta property="og:title" content="Lamento bas"><meta property="og:image" content="https://villantiqua.github.io/hm-pages/media/posts/10/IMG_8775.JPG"><meta property="og:image:width" content="1351"><meta property="og:image:height" content="1498"><meta property="og:site_name" content="Hohe Messe"><meta property="og:description" content="Hohe Messe, BWV 232, J.S. Bach, Bach, Johann Sebastian Bach, Missa in h-moll, Mis in b-klein, Mis in h-moll, h-Moll-Messe, Messe in h-moll, Mass in B minor"><meta property="og:url" content="https://villantiqua.github.io/hm-pages/lamento-bas.html"><meta property="og:type" content="article"><link rel="shortcut icon" href="https://villantiqua.github.io/hm-pages/media/website/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon"><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://villantiqua.github.io/hm-pages/assets/css/style.css?v=ac74537e4c76d63aea84d353747a899b"><script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","mainEntityOfPage":{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https://villantiqua.github.io/hm-pages/lamento-bas.html"},"headline":"Lamento bas","datePublished":"2023-03-25T14:14","dateModified":"2023-04-01T16:41","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https://villantiqua.github.io/hm-pages/media/posts/10/IMG_8775.JPG","height":1498,"width":1351},"description":"Hohe Messe, BWV 232, J.S. Bach, Bach, Johann Sebastian Bach, Missa in h-moll, Mis in b-klein, Mis in h-moll, h-Moll-Messe, Messe in h-moll, Mass in B minor","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Wouter","url":"https://villantiqua.github.io/hm-pages/authors/wouter/"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wouter","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https://villantiqua.github.io/hm-pages/media/website/IMG_5308-2.JPG","height":1336,"width":1484}}}</script><noscript><style>img[loading] {
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De lengte van de zich steeds herhalende instrumentale baslijn (een zogenaamde <em>passacaglia</em> of <em>chaconne</em>) verschilt met die van de gezongen zinnen, waardoor de optredende dissonanten telkens van kleur veranderen, een prachtig muzikaal enjambement. Ik ben toen niet ingegaan op de baslijn zelf, deze komt zo vaak voor in de muziekhistorie dat dit thema een eigen naam heeft gekregen: de Lamento bas.</p><p>Als iets vaak voorkomt, is er ook veel over geschreven, ik beperk mij in deze bijdrage tot een beschrijving van de Lamento bas en het geven van enkele voorbeelden<sup>1</sup>.</p><p>Men neme een kleine-terts toonlader (sinds de Zoomlessen uit de coronatijd weten we van onze dirigent dat deze <em>aeolisch</em> is), starten op de grondtoon (<em>tonica</em>) en gaan 4 stappen naar beneden en stoppen dus op de kwint (de <em>dominant</em>) van die ladder et voilà, we hebben een Lamento bas, in a-klein:</p><figure class="post__image post__image--center"><img loading="lazy" src="https://villantiqua.github.io/hm-pages/media/posts/10//9_Lamento_1.png" alt="" width="685" height="72" sizes="(min-width: 1500px) calc(7.87vw + 610px), (min-width: 900px) calc(44.48vw + 68px), (min-width: 780px) calc(8vw + 604px), calc(84.35vw + 23px)" srcset="https://villantiqua.github.io/hm-pages/media/posts/10//responsive/9_Lamento_1-xs.png 300w, https://villantiqua.github.io/hm-pages/media/posts/10//responsive/9_Lamento_1-sm.png 480w, https://villantiqua.github.io/hm-pages/media/posts/10//responsive/9_Lamento_1-md.png 768w"></figure><p>Deze werd in de Barok ingekleurd met als resultaat de chromatische Lamento bas (chroma betekent kleur):</p><figure class="post__image"><img loading="lazy" src="https://villantiqua.github.io/hm-pages/media/posts/10//9_Lamento_2.png" alt="" width="661" height="66" sizes="(min-width: 1500px) calc(7.87vw + 610px), (min-width: 900px) calc(44.48vw + 68px), (min-width: 780px) calc(8vw + 604px), calc(84.35vw + 23px)" srcset="https://villantiqua.github.io/hm-pages/media/posts/10//responsive/9_Lamento_2-xs.png 300w, https://villantiqua.github.io/hm-pages/media/posts/10//responsive/9_Lamento_2-sm.png 480w, https://villantiqua.github.io/hm-pages/media/posts/10//responsive/9_Lamento_2-md.png 768w"></figure><p>en deze kennen we, in e-klein, van het Crucifixus uit de Hohe Messe:</p><figure class="post__image"><img loading="lazy" src="https://villantiqua.github.io/hm-pages/media/posts/10//9_Lamento_3.png" alt="" width="541" height="80" sizes="(min-width: 1500px) calc(7.87vw + 610px), (min-width: 900px) calc(44.48vw + 68px), (min-width: 780px) calc(8vw + 604px), calc(84.35vw + 23px)" srcset="https://villantiqua.github.io/hm-pages/media/posts/10//responsive/9_Lamento_3-xs.png 300w, https://villantiqua.github.io/hm-pages/media/posts/10//responsive/9_Lamento_3-sm.png 480w, https://villantiqua.github.io/hm-pages/media/posts/10//responsive/9_Lamento_3-md.png 768w"></figure><p>Bach gebruikte de Lamento bas graag. Het Crucifixus (1748) is een parodie van het openingskoor van zijn cantate ‘Weinen, Klagen, Sorgen, Zagen’, BWV 12 uit 1714. Ook in het openingskoor van zijn cantate ‘Jesu, der du meine Seele’, BWV 78 uit 1724 gebruikte hij dit thema:</p><figure class="post__image"><img loading="lazy" src="https://villantiqua.github.io/hm-pages/media/posts/10//9_Lamento_4.png" alt="" width="617" height="138" sizes="(min-width: 1500px) calc(7.87vw + 610px), (min-width: 900px) calc(44.48vw + 68px), (min-width: 780px) calc(8vw + 604px), calc(84.35vw + 23px)" srcset="https://villantiqua.github.io/hm-pages/media/posts/10//responsive/9_Lamento_4-xs.png 300w, https://villantiqua.github.io/hm-pages/media/posts/10//responsive/9_Lamento_4-sm.png 480w, https://villantiqua.github.io/hm-pages/media/posts/10//responsive/9_Lamento_4-md.png 768w"></figure><p>en een voorbeeld uit 1705 is te vinden in zijn Canzone, BWV 588. Dit orgelstuk bestaat ongeveer in zijn geheel uit het Lamento thema, dus kies maar een balk:</p><figure class="post__image"><img loading="lazy" src="https://villantiqua.github.io/hm-pages/media/posts/10//9_Lamento_5.png" alt="" width="750" height="217" sizes="(min-width: 1500px) calc(7.87vw + 610px), (min-width: 900px) calc(44.48vw + 68px), (min-width: 780px) calc(8vw + 604px), calc(84.35vw + 23px)" srcset="https://villantiqua.github.io/hm-pages/media/posts/10//responsive/9_Lamento_5-xs.png 300w, https://villantiqua.github.io/hm-pages/media/posts/10//responsive/9_Lamento_5-sm.png 480w, https://villantiqua.github.io/hm-pages/media/posts/10//responsive/9_Lamento_5-md.png 768w"></figure><p>Het Lamento thema is wat verborgen aanwezig in de 25<sup>ste</sup> variatie van de Goldberg Variationen, BWV 988. Te lang om hier te tonen, dus dat is huiswerk. Tot zover Bach.</p><p>Een vroeg gebruik van de chromatische Lamento bas komt van ‘onze’ Jan Pieterszoon Sweelinck (1562 – 1621). Zijn Fantasia Chromatica, SwWV 258 staat er vol mee:</p><figure class="post__image"><img loading="lazy" src="https://villantiqua.github.io/hm-pages/media/posts/10//9_Lamento_6.png" alt="" width="1026" height="156" sizes="(min-width: 1500px) calc(7.87vw + 610px), (min-width: 900px) calc(44.48vw + 68px), (min-width: 780px) calc(8vw + 604px), calc(84.35vw + 23px)" srcset="https://villantiqua.github.io/hm-pages/media/posts/10//responsive/9_Lamento_6-xs.png 300w, https://villantiqua.github.io/hm-pages/media/posts/10//responsive/9_Lamento_6-sm.png 480w, https://villantiqua.github.io/hm-pages/media/posts/10//responsive/9_Lamento_6-md.png 768w"></figure><p>Het gebruik van dit thema eindigt niet in de Barok, maar is bijvoorbeeld ook door Frédéric Chopin gebruikt in de Prélude nr. 20 in c-klein op. 28, nr. 20:</p><figure class="post__image"><img loading="lazy" src="https://villantiqua.github.io/hm-pages/media/posts/10//9_Lamento_7.png" alt="" width="700" height="183" sizes="(min-width: 1500px) calc(7.87vw + 610px), (min-width: 900px) calc(44.48vw + 68px), (min-width: 780px) calc(8vw + 604px), calc(84.35vw + 23px)" srcset="https://villantiqua.github.io/hm-pages/media/posts/10//responsive/9_Lamento_7-xs.png 300w, https://villantiqua.github.io/hm-pages/media/posts/10//responsive/9_Lamento_7-sm.png 480w, https://villantiqua.github.io/hm-pages/media/posts/10//responsive/9_Lamento_7-md.png 768w"></figure><p>Ook Anton Bruckner heeft het Lamento thema gebruikt in de graduale ‘Locus Iste’:</p><figure class="post__image"><img loading="lazy" src="https://villantiqua.github.io/hm-pages/media/posts/10//9_Lamento_8.png" alt="" width="784" height="210" sizes="(min-width: 1500px) calc(7.87vw + 610px), (min-width: 900px) calc(44.48vw + 68px), (min-width: 780px) calc(8vw + 604px), calc(84.35vw + 23px)" srcset="https://villantiqua.github.io/hm-pages/media/posts/10//responsive/9_Lamento_8-xs.png 300w, https://villantiqua.github.io/hm-pages/media/posts/10//responsive/9_Lamento_8-sm.png 480w, https://villantiqua.github.io/hm-pages/media/posts/10//responsive/9_Lamento_8-md.png 768w"></figure><p>Door een overigens gerespecteerd universiteitskoor in het oosten van het land werd bovenstaande tekst steevast vervangen door ‘wie weet niet wat syfilis is’, maar dat terzijde.</p><p>Wat goed is, blijft en dus wordt dit thema ook in de pop- en rockmuziek regelmatig gebruikt. Ik noem een paar voorbeelden, geleend van andere bronnen<sup>2</sup>:</p><ul style="list-style-type: circle;"><li>David Bowie: Life on Mars</li><li>Led Zeppelin: Stairway to Heaven </li><li>Radiohead: Exit Music For A Film </li><li>Barry Manilow: Could it be Magic</li></ul><p>Veel is hier niet besproken: de omgekeerde (stijgende) Lamento bas, de wijze van harmoniseren, de grote-terts variant. Gelukkig zijn andere bronnen voor nadere studie dichtbij<sup>1,2</sup>. Wij weten inmiddels wat meer over het Lamento thema en het gebruik in de muziekgeschiedenis.</p><p><sup>1</sup><a href="https://openmusic.academy/docs/p5BveSJBGANkCajmbNnnr2/musikhochschule-satztechnik-lamentobass-chromatisch" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"> openmusic.academy/docs/p5BveSJBGANkCajmbNnnr2/musikhochschule-satztechnik-lamentobass-chromatisch</a></p><p><sup>2</sup><a href="https://instrumentality.me/magic/amazing-descents-the-enduring-beauty-of-the-lament-bass" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"> instrumentality.me/magic/amazing-descents-the-enduring-beauty-of-the-lament-bass</a></p></div></div></article></main><footer class="footer"><div class="footer__copyright">Powered by Publii</div></footer></div></div><script defer="defer" src="https://villantiqua.github.io/hm-pages/assets/js/scripts.min.js?v=27706a8fe221267c1834098c796f44c1"></script><script>var images = document.querySelectorAll('img[loading]');
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