archive.csv

Year,Category,Prize,Motivation,Prize_Share,Laureate_ID,Laureate_Type,Full_Name,Birth_Date,Birth_City,Birth_Country,Sex,Organization_Name,Organization_City,Organization_Country,Death_Date,Death_City,Death_Country
1901,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1901,"""in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered by the discovery of the laws of chemical dynamics and osmotic pressure in solutions""",1-Jan,160,Individual,Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff,1852-08-30,Rotterdam,Netherlands,Male,Berlin University,Berlin,Germany,3/1/1911,Berlin,Germany
1901,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 1901,"""in special recognition of his poetic composition, which gives evidence of lofty idealism, artistic perfection and a rare combination of the qualities of both heart and intellect""",1-Jan,569,Individual,Sully Prudhomme,1839-03-16,Paris,France,Male,,,,9/7/1907,Châtenay,France
1901,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1901,"""for his work on serum therapy, especially its application against diphtheria, by which he has opened a new road in the domain of medical science and thereby placed in the hands of the physician a victorious weapon against illness and deaths""",1-Jan,293,Individual,Emil Adolf von Behring,1854-03-15,Hansdorf (Lawice),Prussia (Poland),Male,Marburg University,Marburg,Germany,3/31/1917,Marburg,Germany
1901,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1901,,2-Jan,462,Individual,Jean Henry Dunant,1828-05-08,Geneva,Switzerland,Male,,,,10/30/1910,Heiden,Switzerland
1901,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1901,,2-Jan,463,Individual,Frédéric Passy,1822-05-20,Paris,France,Male,,,,6/12/1912,Paris,France
1901,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1901,"""in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered by the discovery of the remarkable rays subsequently named after him""",1-Jan,1,Individual,Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen,1845-03-27,Lennep (Remscheid),Prussia (Germany),Male,Munich University,Munich,Germany,2/10/1923,Munich,Germany
1902,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1902,"""in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered by his work on sugar and purine syntheses""",1-Jan,161,Individual,Hermann Emil Fischer,1852-10-09,Euskirchen,Prussia (Germany),Male,Berlin University,Berlin,Germany,7/15/1919,Berlin,Germany
1902,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 1902,"""the greatest living master of the art of historical writing, with special reference to his monumental work, <I>A history of Rome</I>""",1-Jan,571,Individual,Christian Matthias Theodor Mommsen,1817-11-30,Garding,Schleswig (Germany),Male,,,,11/1/1903,Charlottenburg,Germany
1902,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1902,"""for his work on malaria, by which he has shown how it enters the organism and thereby has laid the foundation for successful research on this disease and methods of combating it""",1-Jan,294,Individual,Ronald Ross,1857-05-13,Almora,India,Male,University College,Liverpool,United Kingdom,9/16/1932,Putney Heath,United Kingdom
1902,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1902,,2-Jan,464,Individual,Élie Ducommun,1833-02-19,Geneva,Switzerland,Male,,,,12/7/1906,Bern,Switzerland
1902,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1902,,2-Jan,465,Individual,Charles Albert Gobat,1843-05-21,Tramelan,Switzerland,Male,,,,3/16/1914,Bern,Switzerland
1902,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1902,"""in recognition of the extraordinary service they rendered by their researches into the influence of magnetism upon radiation phenomena""",2-Jan,2,Individual,Hendrik Antoon Lorentz,1853-07-18,Arnhem,Netherlands,Male,Leiden University,Leiden,Netherlands,2/4/1928,,Netherlands
1902,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1902,"""in recognition of the extraordinary service they rendered by their researches into the influence of magnetism upon radiation phenomena""",2-Jan,3,Individual,Pieter Zeeman,1865-05-25,Zonnemaire,Netherlands,Male,Amsterdam University,Amsterdam,Netherlands,10/9/1943,Amsterdam,Netherlands
1903,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1903,"""in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered to the advancement of chemistry by his electrolytic theory of dissociation""",1-Jan,162,Individual,Svante August Arrhenius,1859-02-19,Vik,Sweden,Male,Stockholm University,Stockholm,Sweden,10/2/1927,Stockholm,Sweden
1903,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 1903,"""as a tribute to his noble, magnificent and versatile poetry, which has always been distinguished by both the freshness of its inspiration and the rare purity of its spirit""",1-Jan,572,Individual,Bjørnstjerne Martinus Bjørnson,1832-12-08,Kvikne,Norway,Male,,,,4/26/1910,Paris,France
1903,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1903,"""in recognition of his contribution to the treatment of diseases, especially lupus vulgaris, with concentrated light radiation, whereby he has opened a new avenue for medical science""",1-Jan,295,Individual,Niels Ryberg Finsen,1860-12-15,Thorshavn,Faroe Islands (Denmark),Male,Finsen Medical Light Institute,Copenhagen,Denmark,9/24/1904,Copenhagen,Denmark
1903,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1903,,1-Jan,466,Individual,William Randal Cremer,1828-03-18,Fareham,United Kingdom,Male,,,,7/22/1908,London,United Kingdom
1903,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1903,"""in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered by his discovery of spontaneous radioactivity""",2-Jan,4,Individual,Antoine Henri Becquerel,1852-12-15,Paris,France,Male,École Polytechnique,Paris,France,8/25/1908,,France
1903,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1903,"""in recognition of the extraordinary services they have rendered by their joint researches on the radiation phenomena discovered by Professor Henri Becquerel""",4-Jan,5,Individual,Pierre Curie,1859-05-15,Paris,France,Male,École municipale de physique et de chimie industrielles (Municipal School of Industrial Physics and Chemistry),Paris,France,4/19/1906,Paris,France
1903,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1903,"""in recognition of the extraordinary services they have rendered by their joint researches on the radiation phenomena discovered by Professor Henri Becquerel""",4-Jan,6,Individual,"Marie Curie, née Sklodowska",1867-11-07,Warsaw,Russian Empire (Poland),Female,,,,7/4/1934,Sallanches,France
1904,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1904,"""in recognition of his services in the discovery of the inert gaseous elements in air, and his determination of their place in the periodic system""",1-Jan,163,Individual,Sir William Ramsay,1852-10-02,Glasgow,Scotland,Male,University College,London,United Kingdom,7/23/1916,High Wycombe,United Kingdom
1904,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 1904,"""in recognition of the fresh originality and true inspiration of his poetic production, which faithfully reflects the natural scenery and native spirit of his people, and, in addition, his significant work as a Proven&ccedil;al philologist""",2-Jan,573,Individual,Frédéric Mistral,1830-09-08,Maillane,France,Male,,,,3/25/1914,Maillane,France
1904,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 1904,"""in recognition of the numerous and brilliant compositions which, in an individual and original manner, have revived the great traditions of the Spanish drama""",2-Jan,574,Individual,José Echegaray y Eizaguirre,1832-04-19,Madrid,Spain,Male,,,,9/4/1916,Madrid,Spain
1904,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1904,"""in recognition of his work on the physiology of digestion, through which knowledge on vital aspects of the subject has been transformed and enlarged""",1-Jan,296,Individual,Ivan Petrovich Pavlov,1849-09-14,Ryazan,Russia,Male,Military Medical Academy,St. Petersburg,Russia,2/27/1936,Leningrad,Russia
1904,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1904,,1-Jan,467,Organization,Institut de droit international (Institute of International Law),,,,,,,,,,
1904,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1904,"""for his investigations of the densities of the most important gases and for his discovery of argon in connection with these studies""",1-Jan,8,Individual,Lord Rayleigh (John William Strutt),1842-11-12,"Langford Grove, Maldon, Essex",United Kingdom,Male,Royal Institution of Great Britain,London,United Kingdom,6/30/1919,,United Kingdom
1905,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1905,"""in recognition of his services in the advancement of organic chemistry and the chemical industry, through his work on organic dyes and hydroaromatic compounds""",1-Jan,164,Individual,Johann Friedrich Wilhelm Adolf von Baeyer,1835-10-31,Berlin,Prussia (Germany),Male,Munich University,Munich,Germany,8/20/1917,Starnberg,Germany
1905,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 1905,"""because of his outstanding merits as an epic writer""",1-Jan,575,Individual,Henryk Sienkiewicz,1846-05-05,Wola Okrzejska,Poland,Male,,,,11/15/1916,Vevey,Switzerland
1905,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1905,"""for his investigations and discoveries in relation to tuberculosis""",1-Jan,297,Individual,Robert Koch,1843-12-11,Clausthal (Clausthal-Zellerfeld),Germany,Male,Institute for Infectious Diseases,Berlin,Germany,5/27/1910,Baden-Baden,Germany
1905,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1905,,1-Jan,468,Individual,"Baroness Bertha Sophie Felicita von Suttner, née Countess Kinsky von Chinic und Tettau",1843-06-09,Prague,Austrian Empire (Czech Republic),Female,,,,6/21/1914,Vienna,Austria
1905,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1905,"""for his work on cathode rays""",1-Jan,9,Individual,Philipp Eduard Anton von Lenard,1862-06-07,Pressburg (Bratislava),Hungary (Slovakia),Male,Kiel University,Kiel,Germany,5/20/1947,Messelhausen,Germany
1906,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1906,"""in recognition of the great services rendered by him in his investigation and isolation of the element fluorine, and for the adoption in the service of science of the electric furnace called after him""",1-Jan,165,Individual,Henri Moissan,1852-09-28,Paris,France,Male,Sorbonne University,Paris,France,2/20/1907,Paris,France
1906,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 1906,"""not only in consideration of his deep learning and critical research, but above all as a tribute to the creative energy, freshness of style, and lyrical force which characterize his poetic masterpieces""",1-Jan,576,Individual,Giosuè Carducci,1835-07-27,Val di Castello,Tuscany (Italy),Male,,,,2/16/1907,Bologna,Italy
1906,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1906,"""in recognition of their work on the structure of the nervous system""",2-Jan,298,Individual,Camillo Golgi,1843-07-07,Corteno,Italy,Male,Pavia University,Pavia,Italy,1/21/1926,Pavia,Italy
1906,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1906,"""in recognition of their work on the structure of the nervous system""",2-Jan,299,Individual,Santiago Ramón y Cajal,1852-05-01,Petilla de Aragó,Spain,Male,Madrid University,Madrid,Spain,10/17/1934,Madrid,Spain
1906,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1906,,1-Jan,470,Individual,Theodore Roosevelt,1858-10-27,"New York, NY",United States of America,Male,,,,1/6/1919,"Oyster Bay, NY",United States of America
1906,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1906,"""in recognition of the great merits of his theoretical and experimental investigations on the conduction of electricity by gases""",1-Jan,10,Individual,Joseph John Thomson,1856-12-18,"Cheetham Hill, near Manchester",United Kingdom,Male,University of Cambridge,Cambridge,United Kingdom,8/30/1940,Cambridge,United Kingdom
1907,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1907,"""for his biochemical researches and his discovery of cell-free fermentation""",1-Jan,166,Individual,Eduard Buchner,1860-05-20,Munich,Bavaria (Germany),Male,Landwirtschaftliche Hochschule (Agricultural College),Berlin,Germany,8/13/1917,Focsani,Romania
1907,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 1907,"""in consideration of the power of observation, originality of imagination, virility of ideas and remarkable talent for narration which characterize the creations of this world-famous author""",1-Jan,577,Individual,Rudyard Kipling,1865-12-30,Bombay,British India (India),Male,,,,1/18/1936,London,United Kingdom
1907,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1907,"""in recognition of his work on the role played by protozoa in causing diseases""",1-Jan,300,Individual,Charles Louis Alphonse Laveran,1845-06-18,Paris,France,Male,Institut Pasteur,Paris,France,5/18/1922,Paris,France
1907,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1907,,2-Jan,471,Individual,Ernesto Teodoro Moneta,1833-09-20,Milan,Austrian Empire (Italy),Male,,,,2/10/1918,Milan,Italy
1907,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1907,,2-Jan,472,Individual,Louis Renault,1843-05-21,Autun,France,Male,Sorbonne University,Paris,France,2/8/1918,Barbizon,France
1907,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1907,"""for his optical precision instruments and the spectroscopic and metrological investigations carried out with their aid""",1-Jan,11,Individual,Albert Abraham Michelson,1852-12-19,Strelno (Strzelno),Prussia (Poland),Male,University of Chicago,"Chicago, IL",United States of America,5/9/1931,"Pasadena, CA",United States of America
1908,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1908,"""for his investigations into the disintegration of the elements, and the chemistry of radioactive substances""",1-Jan,167,Individual,Ernest Rutherford,1871-08-30,Nelson,New Zealand,Male,Victoria University,Manchester,United Kingdom,10/19/1937,Cambridge,United Kingdom
1908,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 1908,"""in recognition of his earnest search for truth, his penetrating power of thought, his wide range of vision, and the warmth and strength in presentation with which in his numerous works he has vindicated and developed an idealistic philosophy of life""",1-Jan,578,Individual,Rudolf Christoph Eucken,1846-01-05,Aurich,East Friesland (Germany),Male,,,,9/14/1926,Jena,Germany
1908,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1908,"""in recognition of their work on immunity""",2-Jan,301,Individual,Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov,1845-05-15,Kharkov (Kharkiv),Russian Empire (Ukraine),Male,Institut Pasteur,Paris,France,7/15/1916,Paris,France
1908,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1908,"""in recognition of their work on immunity""",2-Jan,302,Individual,Paul Ehrlich,1854-03-14,Strehlen (Strzelin),Prussia (Poland),Male,Goettingen University,Göttingen,Germany,8/20/1915,Bad Homburg vor der Höhe,Germany
1908,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1908,"""in recognition of their work on immunity""",2-Jan,302,Individual,Paul Ehrlich,1854-03-14,Strehlen (Strzelin),Prussia (Poland),Male,Königliches Institut für experimentelle Therapie (Royal Institute for Experimental Therapy),Frankfurt-on-the-Main,Germany,8/20/1915,Bad Homburg vor der Höhe,Germany
1908,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1908,,2-Jan,473,Individual,Klas Pontus Arnoldson,1844-10-27,Gothenburg,Sweden,Male,,,,2/20/1916,Stockholm,Sweden
1908,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1908,,2-Jan,474,Individual,Fredrik Bajer,1837-04-21,Næstved,Denmark,Male,,,,1/22/1922,Copenhagen,Denmark
1908,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1908,"""for his method of reproducing colours photographically based on the phenomenon of interference""",1-Jan,12,Individual,Gabriel Lippmann,1845-08-16,Hollerich,Luxembourg,Male,Sorbonne University,Paris,France,7/13/1921,,
1909,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1909,"""in recognition of his work on catalysis and for his investigations into the fundamental principles governing chemical equilibria and rates of reaction""",1-Jan,168,Individual,Wilhelm Ostwald,1853-09-02,Riga,Russian Empire (Latvia),Male,Leipzig University,Leipzig,Germany,4/4/1932,Leipzig,Germany
1909,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 1909,"""in appreciation of the lofty idealism, vivid imagination and spiritual perception that characterize her writings""",1-Jan,579,Individual,Selma Ottilia Lovisa Lagerlöf,1858-11-20,Mårbacka,Sweden,Female,,,,3/16/1940,Mårbacka,Sweden
1909,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1909,"""for his work on the physiology, pathology and surgery of the thyroid gland""",1-Jan,303,Individual,Emil Theodor Kocher,1841-08-25,Berne,Switzerland,Male,Berne University,Berne,Switzerland,7/27/1917,Berne,Switzerland
1909,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1909,,2-Jan,475,Individual,Auguste Marie François Beernaert,1829-07-26,Ostend,Belgium,Male,,,,10/6/1912,Lucerne,Switzerland
1909,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1909,,2-Jan,476,Individual,"Paul Henri Benjamin Balluet d'Estournelles de Constant, Baron de Constant de Rebecque",1852-11-22,La Flèche,France,Male,,,,5/15/1924,Paris,France
1909,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1909,"""in recognition of their contributions to the development of wireless telegraphy""",2-Jan,13,Individual,Guglielmo Marconi,1874-04-25,Bologna,Italy,Male,Marconi Wireless Telegraph Co. Ltd.,London,United Kingdom,7/20/1937,Rome,Italy
1909,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1909,"""in recognition of their contributions to the development of wireless telegraphy""",2-Jan,14,Individual,Karl Ferdinand Braun,1850-06-06,Fulda,Hesse-Kassel (Germany),Male,Strasbourg University,Strasbourg,"Alsace (then Germany, now France)",4/20/1918,"Brooklyn, NY",United States of America
1910,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1910,"""in recognition of his services to organic chemistry and the chemical industry by his pioneer work in the field of alicyclic compounds""",1-Jan,169,Individual,Otto Wallach,1847-03-27,Koenigsberg (Kaliningrad),Germany (Russia),Male,Goettingen University,Göttingen,Germany,2/26/1931,Göttingen,Germany
1910,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 1910,"""as a tribute to the consummate artistry, permeated with idealism, which he has demonstrated during his long productive career as a lyric poet, dramatist, novelist and writer of world-renowned short stories""",1-Jan,580,Individual,Paul Johann Ludwig Heyse,1830-03-15,Berlin,Prussia (Germany),Male,,,,4/2/1914,Munich,Germany
1910,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1910,"""in recognition of the contributions to our knowledge of cell chemistry made through his work on proteins, including the nucleic substances""",1-Jan,304,Individual,Albrecht Kossel,1853-09-16,Rostock,Mecklenburg (Germany),Male,University of Heidelberg,Heidelberg,Germany,7/5/1927,Heidelberg,Germany
1910,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1910,,1-Jan,477,Organization,Bureau international permanent de la Paix (Permanent International Peace Bureau),,,,,,,,,,
1910,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1910,"""for his work on the equation of state for gases and liquids""",1-Jan,15,Individual,Johannes Diderik van der Waals,1837-11-23,Leiden,Netherlands,Male,Amsterdam University,Amsterdam,Netherlands,3/8/1923,Amsterdam,Netherlands
1911,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1911,"""in recognition of her services to the advancement of chemistry by the discovery of the elements radium and polonium, by the isolation of radium and the study of the nature and compounds of this remarkable element""",1-Jan,6,Individual,"Marie Curie, née Sklodowska",1867-11-07,Warsaw,Russian Empire (Poland),Female,Sorbonne University,Paris,France,7/4/1934,Sallanches,France
1911,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 1911,"""in appreciation of his many-sided literary activities, and especially of his dramatic works, which are distinguished by a wealth of imagination and by a poetic fancy, which reveals, sometimes in the guise of a fairy tale, a deep inspiration, while in a mysterious way they appeal to the readers' own feelings and stimulate their imaginations""",1-Jan,581,Individual,Count Maurice (Mooris) Polidore Marie Bernhard Maeterlinck,1862-08-29,Ghent,Belgium,Male,,,,5/6/1949,Nice,France
1911,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1911,"""for his work on the dioptrics of the eye""",1-Jan,305,Individual,Allvar Gullstrand,1862-06-05,Landskrona,Sweden,Male,Uppsala University,Uppsala,Sweden,7/28/1930,Stockholm,Sweden
1911,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1911,,2-Jan,478,Individual,Tobias Michael Carel Asser,1838-04-28,Amsterdam,Netherlands,Male,,,,7/29/1913,the Hague,Netherlands
1911,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1911,,2-Jan,479,Individual,Alfred Hermann Fried,1864-11-11,Vienna,Austria,Male,,,,5/5/1921,Vienna,Austria
1911,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1911,"""for his discoveries regarding the laws governing the radiation of heat""",1-Jan,16,Individual,Wilhelm Wien,1864-01-13,Gaffken (Parusnoye),Prussia (Russia),Male,Würzburg University,Würzburg,Germany,8/30/1928,Munich,Germany
1912,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1912,"""for the discovery of the so-called Grignard reagent, which in recent years has greatly advanced the progress of organic chemistry""",2-Jan,172,Individual,Victor Grignard,1871-05-06,Cherbourg,France,Male,Nancy University,Nancy,France,12/13/1935,Lyon,France
1912,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1912,"""for his method of hydrogenating organic compounds in the presence of finely disintegrated metals whereby the progress of organic chemistry has been greatly advanced in recent years""",2-Jan,173,Individual,Paul Sabatier,1854-11-05,Carcassonne,France,Male,Toulouse University,Toulouse,France,8/14/1941,Toulouse,France
1912,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 1912,"""primarily in recognition of his fruitful, varied and outstanding production in the realm of dramatic art""",1-Jan,582,Individual,Gerhart Johann Robert Hauptmann,1862-11-15,Bad Salzbrunn,Prussia (Germany),Male,,,,6/6/1946,Agnetendorf (Jagniatków),Germany (Poland)
1912,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1912,"""in recognition of his work on vascular suture and the transplantation of blood vessels and organs""",1-Jan,306,Individual,Alexis Carrel,1873-06-28,Sainte-Foy-lès-Lyon,France,Male,Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research,"New York, NY",United States of America,11/5/1944,Paris,France
1912,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1912,,1-Jan,480,Individual,Elihu Root,1845-02-15,"Clinton, NY",United States of America,Male,,,,2/7/1937,"New York, NY",United States of America
1912,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1912,"""for his invention of automatic regulators for use in conjunction with gas accumulators for illuminating lighthouses and buoys""",1-Jan,17,Individual,Nils Gustaf Dalén,1869-11-30,Stenstorp,Sweden,Male,Swedish Gas-Accumulator Co.,Lidingö-Stockholm,Sweden,12/9/1937,Stockholm,Sweden
1913,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1913,"""in recognition of his work on the linkage of atoms in molecules by which he has thrown new light on earlier investigations and opened up new fields of research especially in inorganic chemistry""",1-Jan,174,Individual,Alfred Werner,1866-12-12,Mulhouse,France,Male,University of Zurich,Zurich,Switzerland,11/15/1919,Zurich,Switzerland
1913,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 1913,"""because of his profoundly sensitive, fresh and beautiful verse, by which, with consummate skill, he has made his poetic thought, expressed in his own English words, a part of the literature of the West""",1-Jan,583,Individual,Rabindranath Tagore,1861-05-07,Calcutta,India,Male,,,,8/7/1941,Calcutta,India
1913,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1913,"""in recognition of his work on anaphylaxis""",1-Jan,307,Individual,Charles Robert Richet,1850-08-26,Paris,France,Male,Sorbonne University,Paris,France,12/4/1935,Paris,France
1913,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1913,,1-Jan,481,Individual,Henri La Fontaine,1854-04-22,Brussels,Belgium,Male,,,,5/14/1943,Brussels,Belgium
1913,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1913,"""for his investigations on the properties of matter at low temperatures which led, inter alia, to the production of liquid helium""",1-Jan,18,Individual,Heike Kamerlingh Onnes,1853-09-21,Groningen,Netherlands,Male,Leiden University,Leiden,Netherlands,2/21/1926,Leiden,Netherlands
1914,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1914,"""in recognition of his accurate determinations of the atomic weight of a large number of chemical elements""",1-Jan,175,Individual,Theodore William Richards,1868-01-31,"Germantown, PA",United States of America,Male,Harvard University,"Cambridge, MA",United States of America,4/2/1928,"Cambridge, MA",United States of America
1914,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1914,"""for his work on the physiology and pathology of the vestibular apparatus""",1-Jan,308,Individual,Robert Bárány,1876-04-22,Vienna,Austria,Male,Vienna University,Vienna,Austria,4/8/1936,Uppsala,Sweden
1914,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1914,"""for his discovery of the diffraction of X-rays by crystals""",1-Jan,19,Individual,Max von Laue,1879-10-09,Pfaffendorf,Germany,Male,Frankfurt-on-the-Main University,Frankfurt-on-the-Main,Germany,4/23/1960,Berlin,West Germany (Germany)
1915,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1915,"""for his researches on plant pigments, especially chlorophyll""",1-Jan,176,Individual,Richard Martin Willstätter,1872-08-13,Karlsruhe,Germany,Male,Munich University,Munich,Germany,8/3/1942,Locarno,Switzerland
1915,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 1915,"""as a tribute to the lofty idealism of his literary production and to the sympathy and love of truth with which he has described different types of human beings""",1-Jan,584,Individual,Romain Rolland,1866-01-29,Clamecy,France,Male,,,,12/30/1944,Vézelay,France
1915,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1915,"""for their services in the analysis of crystal structure by means of X-rays""",2-Jan,20,Individual,Sir William Henry Bragg,1862-07-02,Wigton,United Kingdom,Male,University College,London,United Kingdom,3/12/1942,London,United Kingdom
1915,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1915,"""for their services in the analysis of crystal structure by means of X-rays""",2-Jan,21,Individual,William Lawrence Bragg,1890-03-31,Adelaide,Australia,Male,Victoria University,Manchester,United Kingdom,7/1/1971,Ipswich,United Kingdom
1916,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 1916,"""in recognition of his significance as the leading representative of a new era in our literature""",1-Jan,585,Individual,Carl Gustaf Verner von Heidenstam,1859-07-06,Olshammar,Sweden,Male,,,,5/20/1940,Övralid,Sweden
1917,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 1917,"""for his varied and rich poetry, which is inspired by lofty ideals""",2-Jan,586,Individual,Karl Adolph Gjellerup,1857-06-02,Roholte,Denmark,Male,,,,10/11/1919,Klotzsche,Germany
1917,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 1917,"""for his authentic descriptions of present-day life in Denmark""",2-Jan,587,Individual,Henrik Pontoppidan,1857-07-24,Fredericia,Denmark,Male,,,,8/21/1943,Ordrup,Denmark
1917,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1917,,1-Jan,482,Organization,Comité international de la Croix Rouge (International Committee of the Red Cross),,,,,,,,,,
1917,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1917,"""for his discovery of the characteristic R&ouml;ntgen radiation of the elements""",1-Jan,22,Individual,Charles Glover Barkla,1877-06-07,Widnes,United Kingdom,Male,Edinburgh University,Edinburgh,United Kingdom,10/23/1944,Edinburgh,Scotland
1918,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1918,"""for the synthesis of ammonia from its elements""",1-Jan,177,Individual,Fritz Haber,1868-12-09,Breslau (Wroclaw),Prussia (Poland),Male,Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut (now Fritz-Haber-Institut) für physikalische Chemie und Electrochemie,Berlin-Dahlem,Germany,1/29/1934,Basel,Switzerland
1918,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1918,"""in recognition of the services he rendered to the advancement of Physics by his discovery of energy quanta""",1-Jan,23,Individual,Max Karl Ernst Ludwig Planck,1858-04-23,Kiel,Schleswig (Germany),Male,Berlin University,Berlin,Germany,10/4/1947,Göttingen,West Germany (Germany)
1919,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 1919,"""in special appreciation of his epic, <I>Olympian Spring</I>""",1-Jan,588,Individual,Carl Friedrich Georg Spitteler,1845-04-24,Liestal,Switzerland,Male,,,,12/29/1924,Lucerne,Switzerland
1919,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1919,"""for his discoveries relating to immunity""",1-Jan,309,Individual,Jules Bordet,1870-06-13,Soignies,Belgium,Male,Brussels University,Brussels,Belgium,4/6/1961,Brussels,Belgium
1919,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1919,,1-Jan,483,Individual,Thomas Woodrow Wilson,1856-12-28,"Staunton, VA",United States of America,Male,,,,2/3/1924,"Washington, DC",United States of America
1919,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1919,"""for his discovery of the Doppler effect in canal rays and the splitting of spectral lines in electric fields""",1-Jan,24,Individual,Johannes Stark,1874-04-15,Schickenhof,Germany,Male,Greifswald University,Greifswald,Germany,6/21/1957,Traunstein,West Germany (Germany)
1920,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1920,"""in recognition of his work in thermochemistry""",1-Jan,178,Individual,Walther Hermann Nernst,1864-06-25,Briesen,Prussia (Germany),Male,Berlin University,Berlin,Germany,11/18/1941,Muskau,Germany
1920,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 1920,"""for his monumental work, <I>Growth of the Soil</I>""",1-Jan,589,Individual,Knut Pedersen Hamsun,1859-08-04,Lom,Norway,Male,,,,2/19/1952,Grimstad,Norway
1920,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1920,"""for his discovery of the capillary motor regulating mechanism""",1-Jan,310,Individual,Schack August Steenberg Krogh,1874-11-15,Grenå,Denmark,Male,Copenhagen University,Copenhagen,Denmark,9/13/1949,Copenhagen,Denmark
1920,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1920,,1-Jan,484,Individual,Léon Victor Auguste Bourgeois,1851-05-21,Paris,France,Male,,,,9/29/1925,Épernay,France
1920,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1920,"""in recognition of the service he has rendered to precision measurements in Physics by his discovery of anomalies in nickel steel alloys""",1-Jan,25,Individual,Charles Edouard Guillaume,1861-02-15,Fleurier,Switzerland,Male,Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (International Bureau of Weights and Measures),Sèvres,France,6/13/1938,Sèvres,France
1921,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1921,"""for his contributions to our knowledge of the chemistry of radioactive substances, and his investigations into the origin and nature of isotopes""",1-Jan,179,Individual,Frederick Soddy,1877-09-02,Eastbourne,United Kingdom,Male,University of Oxford,Oxford,United Kingdom,9/22/1956,Brighton,United Kingdom
1921,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 1921,"""in recognition of his brilliant literary achievements, characterized as they are by a nobility of style, a profound human sympathy, grace, and a true Gallic temperament""",1-Jan,590,Individual,Anatole France,1844-04-16,Paris,France,Male,,,,10/12/1924,Saint-Cyr-sur-Loire,France
1921,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1921,,2-Jan,485,Individual,Karl Hjalmar Branting,1860-11-23,Stockholm,Sweden,Male,,,,2/24/1925,Stockholm,Sweden
1921,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1921,,2-Jan,486,Individual,Christian Lous Lange,1869-09-17,Stavanger,Norway,Male,,,,12/11/1938,Oslo,Norway
1921,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1921,"""for his services to Theoretical Physics, and especially for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect""",1-Jan,26,Individual,Albert Einstein,1879-03-14,Ulm,Germany,Male,Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut (now Max-Planck-Institut) für Physik,Berlin,Germany,4/18/1955,"Princeton, NJ",United States of America
1922,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1922,"""for his discovery, by means of his mass spectrograph, of isotopes, in a large number of non-radioactive elements, and for his enunciation of the whole-number rule""",1-Jan,180,Individual,Francis William Aston,1877-09-01,Harborne,United Kingdom,Male,University of Cambridge,Cambridge,United Kingdom,11/20/1945,Cambridge,United Kingdom
1922,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 1922,"""for the happy manner in which he has continued the illustrious traditions of the Spanish drama""",1-Jan,592,Individual,Jacinto Benavente,1866-08-12,Madrid,Spain,Male,,,,7/14/1954,Madrid,Spain
1922,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1922,"""for his discovery relating to the production of heat in the muscle""",2-Jan,311,Individual,Archibald Vivian Hill,1886-09-26,Bristol,United Kingdom,Male,London University,London,United Kingdom,6/3/1977,Cambridge,United Kingdom
1922,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1922,"""for his discovery of the fixed relationship between the consumption of oxygen and the metabolism of lactic acid in the muscle""",2-Jan,312,Individual,Otto Fritz Meyerhof,1884-04-12,Hanover,Germany,Male,Kiel University,Kiel,Germany,10/6/1951,"Philadelphia, PA",United States of America
1922,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1922,,1-Jan,487,Individual,Fridtjof Nansen,1861-10-10,Kristiania (Oslo),Norway,Male,,,,5/13/1930,Oslo,Norway
1922,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1922,"""for his services in the investigation of the structure of atoms and of the radiation emanating from them""",1-Jan,27,Individual,Niels Henrik David Bohr,1885-10-07,Copenhagen,Denmark,Male,Copenhagen University,Copenhagen,Denmark,11/18/1962,Copenhagen,Denmark
1923,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1923,"""for his invention of the method of micro-analysis of organic substances""",1-Jan,181,Individual,Fritz Pregl,1869-09-03,Laibach (Ljubljana),Austria-Hungary (Slovenia),Male,Graz University,Graz,Austria,12/13/1930,Graz,Austria
1923,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 1923,"""for his always inspired poetry, which in a highly artistic form gives expression to the spirit of a whole nation""",1-Jan,593,Individual,William Butler Yeats,1865-06-13,Dublin,Ireland,Male,,,,1/28/1939,Roquebrune-Cap-Martin,France
1923,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1923,"""for the discovery of insulin""",2-Jan,313,Individual,Frederick Grant Banting,1891-11-14,Alliston,Canada,Male,University of Toronto,Toronto,Canada,2/21/1941,Newfoundland,Canada
1923,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1923,"""for the discovery of insulin""",2-Jan,314,Individual,John James Rickard Macleod,1876-09-06,Cluny,Scotland,Male,University of Toronto,Toronto,Canada,3/16/1935,Aberdeen,Scotland
1923,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1923,"""for his work on the elementary charge of electricity and on the photoelectric effect""",1-Jan,28,Individual,Robert Andrews Millikan,1868-03-22,"Morrison, IL",United States of America,Male,California Institute of Technology (Caltech),"Pasadena, CA",United States of America,12/19/1953,"San Marino, CA",United States of America
1924,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 1924,"""for his great national epic, <I>The Peasants</I>""",1-Jan,594,Individual,Wladyslaw Stanislaw Reymont,1867-05-07,Kobiele Wielkie,Russian Empire (Poland),Male,,,,12/5/1925,Warsaw,Poland
1924,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1924,"""for his discovery of the mechanism of the electrocardiogram""",1-Jan,315,Individual,Willem Einthoven,1860-05-21,Semarang,"Java, Dutch East Indies (Indonesia)",Male,Leiden University,Leiden,Netherlands,9/29/1927,Leiden,Netherlands
1924,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1924,"""for his discoveries and research in the field of X-ray spectroscopy""",1-Jan,29,Individual,Karl Manne Georg Siegbahn,1886-12-03,Lund,Sweden,Male,Uppsala University,Uppsala,Sweden,9/26/1978,Ängelholm,Sweden
1925,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1925,"""for his demonstration of the heterogenous nature of colloid solutions and for the methods he used, which have since become fundamental in modern colloid chemistry""",1-Jan,182,Individual,Richard Adolf Zsigmondy,1865-04-01,Vienna,Austrian Empire (Austria),Male,Goettingen University,Göttingen,Germany,9/24/1929,Göttingen,Germany
1925,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 1925,"""for his work which is marked by both idealism and humanity, its stimulating satire often being infused with a singular poetic beauty""",1-Jan,596,Individual,George Bernard Shaw,1856-07-26,Dublin,Ireland,Male,,,,11/2/1950,Ayot St. Lawrence,United Kingdom
1925,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1925,,2-Jan,488,Individual,Sir Austen Chamberlain,1863-10-16,Birmingham,United Kingdom,Male,,,,3/16/1937,London,United Kingdom
1925,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1925,,2-Jan,489,Individual,Charles Gates Dawes,1865-08-27,"Marietta, OH",United States of America,Male,,,,4/23/1951,"Evanston, IL",United States of America
1925,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1925,"""for their discovery of the laws governing the impact of an electron upon an atom""",2-Jan,30,Individual,James Franck,1882-08-26,Hamburg,Germany,Male,Goettingen University,Göttingen,Germany,5/21/1964,Göttingen,West Germany (Germany)
1925,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1925,"""for their discovery of the laws governing the impact of an electron upon an atom""",2-Jan,31,Individual,Gustav Ludwig Hertz,1887-07-22,Hamburg,Germany,Male,Halle University,Halle,Germany,10/30/1975,Berlin,East Germany
1926,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1926,"""for his work on disperse systems""",1-Jan,183,Individual,The (Theodor) Svedberg,1884-08-30,Fleräng,Sweden,Male,Uppsala University,Uppsala,Sweden,2/25/1971,Örebro,Sweden
1926,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 1926,"""for her idealistically inspired writings which with plastic clarity picture the life on her native island and with depth and sympathy deal with human problems in general""",1-Jan,597,Individual,Grazia Deledda,1871-09-27,"Nuoro, Sardinia",Italy,Female,,,,8/15/1936,Rome,Italy
1926,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1926,"""for his discovery of the Spiroptera carcinoma""",1-Jan,316,Individual,Johannes Andreas Grib Fibiger,1867-04-23,Silkeborg,Denmark,Male,Copenhagen University,Copenhagen,Denmark,1/30/1928,Copenhagen,Denmark
1926,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1926,,2-Jan,490,Individual,Aristide Briand,1862-03-28,Nantes,France,Male,,,,3/7/1932,Paris,France
1926,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1926,,2-Jan,491,Individual,Gustav Stresemann,1878-05-10,Berlin,Germany,Male,,,,10/3/1929,Berlin,Germany
1926,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1926,"""for his work on the discontinuous structure of matter, and especially for his discovery of sedimentation equilibrium""",1-Jan,32,Individual,Jean Baptiste Perrin,1870-09-30,Lille,France,Male,Sorbonne University,Paris,France,4/17/1942,"New York, NY",United States of America
1927,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1927,"""for his investigations of the constitution of the bile acids and related substances""",1-Jan,184,Individual,Heinrich Otto Wieland,1877-06-04,Pforzheim,Germany,Male,Munich University,Munich,Germany,8/5/1957,Munich,West Germany (Germany)
1927,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 1927,"""in recognition of his rich and vitalizing ideas and the brilliant skill with which they have been presented""",1-Jan,600,Individual,Henri Bergson,1859-10-18,Paris,France,Male,,,,1/4/1941,Paris,France
1927,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1927,"""for his discovery of the therapeutic value of malaria inoculation in the treatment of dementia paralytica""",1-Jan,317,Individual,Julius Wagner-Jauregg,1857-03-07,Wels,Austria,Male,Vienna University,Vienna,Austria,9/27/1940,Vienna,Austria
1927,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1927,,2-Jan,492,Individual,Ferdinand Buisson,1841-12-20,Paris,France,Male,,,,2/16/1932,Thieuloy-Saint-Antoine,France
1927,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1927,,2-Jan,493,Individual,Ludwig Quidde,1858-03-23,Bremen,Germany,Male,,,,3/4/1941,Geneva,Switzerland
1927,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1927,"""for his discovery of the effect named after him""",2-Jan,33,Individual,Arthur Holly Compton,1892-09-10,"Wooster, OH",United States of America,Male,University of Chicago,"Chicago, IL",United States of America,3/15/1962,"Berkeley, CA",United States of America
1927,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1927,"""for his method of making the paths of electrically charged particles visible by condensation of vapour""",2-Jan,34,Individual,Charles Thomson Rees Wilson,1869-02-14,Glencorse,Scotland,Male,University of Cambridge,Cambridge,United Kingdom,11/15/1959,Carlops,Scotland
1928,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1928,"""for the services rendered through his research into the constitution of the sterols and their connection with the vitamins""",1-Jan,185,Individual,Adolf Otto Reinhold Windaus,1876-12-25,Berlin,Germany,Male,Goettingen University,Göttingen,Germany,6/9/1959,Göttingen,West Germany (Germany)
1928,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 1928,"""principally for her powerful descriptions of Northern life during the Middle Ages""",1-Jan,601,Individual,Sigrid Undset,1882-05-20,Kalundborg,Denmark,Female,,,,6/10/1949,Lillehammer,Norway
1928,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1928,"""for his work on typhus""",1-Jan,318,Individual,Charles Jules Henri Nicolle,1866-09-21,Rouen,France,Male,Institut Pasteur,Tunis,,2/28/1936,Tunis,Tunisia
1928,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1928,"""for his work on the thermionic phenomenon and especially for the discovery of the law named after him""",1-Jan,35,Individual,Owen Willans Richardson,1879-04-26,Dewsbury,United Kingdom,Male,London University,London,United Kingdom,2/15/1959,Alton,United Kingdom
1929,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1929,"""for their investigations on the fermentation of sugar and fermentative enzymes""",2-Jan,186,Individual,Arthur Harden,1865-10-12,Manchester,United Kingdom,Male,London University,London,United Kingdom,6/17/1940,Bourne,United Kingdom
1929,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1929,"""for their investigations on the fermentation of sugar and fermentative enzymes""",2-Jan,187,Individual,Hans Karl August Simon von Euler-Chelpin,1873-02-15,Augsburg,Germany,Male,Stockholm University,Stockholm,Sweden,11/6/1964,Stockholm,Sweden
1929,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 1929,"""principally for his great novel, <I>Buddenbrooks</I>, which has won steadily increased recognition as one of the classic works of contemporary literature""",1-Jan,602,Individual,Thomas Mann,1875-06-06,Lübeck,Germany,Male,,,,8/12/1955,Zurich,Switzerland
1929,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1929,"""for his discovery of the antineuritic vitamin""",2-Jan,319,Individual,Christiaan Eijkman,1858-08-11,Nijkerk,Netherlands,Male,Utrecht University,Utrecht,Netherlands,11/5/1930,Utrecht,Netherlands
1929,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1929,"""for his discovery of the growth-stimulating vitamins""",2-Jan,320,Individual,Sir Frederick Gowland Hopkins,1861-06-20,Eastbourne,United Kingdom,Male,University of Cambridge,Cambridge,United Kingdom,5/16/1947,Cambridge,United Kingdom
1929,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1929,,1-Jan,494,Individual,Frank Billings Kellogg,1856-12-22,"Potsdam, NY",United States of America,Male,,,,12/21/1937,"St. Paul, MN",United States of America
1929,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1929,"""for his discovery of the wave nature of electrons""",1-Jan,36,Individual,Prince Louis-Victor Pierre Raymond de Broglie,1892-08-15,Dieppe,France,Male,"Sorbonne University, Institut Henri Poincaré",Paris,France,3/19/1987,Paris,France
1930,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1930,"""for his researches into the constitution of haemin and chlorophyll and especially for his synthesis of haemin""",1-Jan,188,Individual,Hans Fischer,1881-07-27,Hoechst,Germany,Male,Technische Hochschule (Institute of Technology),Munich,Germany,3/31/1945,Munich,Germany
1930,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 1930,"""for his vigorous and graphic art of description and his ability to create, with wit and humour, new types of characters""",1-Jan,603,Individual,Sinclair Lewis,1885-02-07,"Sauk Centre, MN",United States of America,Male,,,,1/10/1951,Rome,Italy
1930,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1930,"""for his discovery of human blood groups""",1-Jan,321,Individual,Karl Landsteiner,1868-06-14,Vienna,Austrian Empire (Austria),Male,Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research,"New York, NY",United States of America,6/26/1943,"New York, NY",United States of America
1930,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1930,,1-Jan,495,Individual,Lars Olof Jonathan (Nathan) Söderblom,1866-01-15,Trönö,Sweden,Male,,,,7/12/1931,Uppsala,Sweden
1930,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1930,"""for his work on the scattering of light and for the discovery of the effect named after him""",1-Jan,37,Individual,Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman,1888-11-07,Tiruchirappalli,India,Male,Calcutta University,Calcutta,India,11/21/1970,Bangalore,India
1931,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1931,"""in recognition of their contributions to the invention and development of chemical high pressure methods""",2-Jan,189,Individual,Carl Bosch,1874-08-27,Cologne,Germany,Male,University of Heidelberg,Heidelberg,Germany,4/26/1940,Heidelberg,Germany
1931,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1931,"""in recognition of their contributions to the invention and development of chemical high pressure methods""",2-Jan,189,Individual,Carl Bosch,1874-08-27,Cologne,Germany,Male,I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G.,Heidelberg,Germany,4/26/1940,Heidelberg,Germany
1931,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1931,"""in recognition of their contributions to the invention and development of chemical high pressure methods""",2-Jan,190,Individual,Friedrich Bergius,1884-10-11,"Goldschmieden, near Breslau",Germany (Poland),Male,University of Heidelberg,Heidelberg,Germany,3/30/1949,Buenos Aires,Argentina
1931,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1931,"""in recognition of their contributions to the invention and development of chemical high pressure methods""",2-Jan,190,Individual,Friedrich Bergius,1884-10-11,"Goldschmieden, near Breslau",Germany (Poland),Male,I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G.,Mannheim-Rheinau,Germany,3/30/1949,Buenos Aires,Argentina
1931,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 1931,"""The poetry of Erik Axel Karlfeldt""",1-Jan,604,Individual,Erik Axel Karlfeldt,1864-07-20,Karlbo,Sweden,Male,,,,4/8/1931,Stockholm,Sweden
1931,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1931,"""for his discovery of the nature and mode of action of the respiratory enzyme""",1-Jan,322,Individual,Otto Heinrich Warburg,1883-10-08,Freiburg im Breisgau,Germany,Male,Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut (now Max-Planck-Institut) für Biologie,Berlin-Dahlem,Germany,8/1/1970,West Berlin,West Germany (Germany)
1931,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1931,,2-Jan,496,Individual,Jane Addams,1860-09-06,"Cedarville, IL",United States of America,Female,,,,5/21/1935,"Chicago, IL",United States of America
1931,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1931,,2-Jan,497,Individual,Nicholas Murray Butler,1862-04-02,"Elizabeth, NJ",United States of America,Male,Columbia University,"New York, NY",United States of America,12/7/1947,"New York, NY",United States of America
1932,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1932,"""for his discoveries and investigations in surface chemistry""",1-Jan,191,Individual,Irving Langmuir,1881-01-31,"Brooklyn, NY",United States of America,Male,General Electric Company,"Schenectady, NY",United States of America,8/16/1957,"Falmouth, MA",United States of America
1932,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 1932,"""for his distinguished art of narration which takes its highest form in <I>The Forsyte Saga</I>""",1-Jan,605,Individual,John Galsworthy,1867-08-14,Kingston Hill,United Kingdom,Male,,,,1/31/1933,London,United Kingdom
1932,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1932,"""for their discoveries regarding the functions of neurons""",2-Jan,323,Individual,Sir Charles Scott Sherrington,1857-11-27,London,United Kingdom,Male,University of Oxford,Oxford,United Kingdom,3/4/1952,Eastbourne,United Kingdom
1932,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1932,"""for their discoveries regarding the functions of neurons""",2-Jan,324,Individual,Edgar Douglas Adrian,1889-11-30,London,United Kingdom,Male,University of Cambridge,Cambridge,United Kingdom,8/8/1977,Cambridge,United Kingdom
1932,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1932,"""for the creation of quantum mechanics, the application of which has, inter alia, led to the discovery of the allotropic forms of hydrogen""",1-Jan,38,Individual,Werner Karl Heisenberg,12/5/1901,Würzburg,Germany,Male,Leipzig University,Leipzig,Germany,2/1/1976,Munich,West Germany (Germany)
1933,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 1933,"""for the strict artistry with which he has carried on the classical Russian traditions in prose writing""",1-Jan,606,Individual,Ivan Alekseyevich Bunin,1870-10-22,Voronezh,Russia,Male,,,,11/8/1953,Paris,France
1933,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1933,"""for his discoveries concerning the role played by the chromosome in heredity""",1-Jan,325,Individual,Thomas Hunt Morgan,1866-09-25,"Lexington, KY",United States of America,Male,California Institute of Technology (Caltech),"Pasadena, CA",United States of America,12/4/1945,"Pasadena, CA",United States of America
1933,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1933,,1-Jan,498,Individual,Sir Norman Angell (Ralph Lane),1872-12-26,Holbeach,United Kingdom,Male,,,,10/7/1967,Croydon,United Kingdom
1933,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1933,"""for the discovery of new productive forms of atomic theory""",2-Jan,39,Individual,Erwin Schrödinger,1887-08-12,Vienna,Austria,Male,Berlin University,Berlin,Germany,1/4/1961,Vienna,Austria
1933,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1933,"""for the discovery of new productive forms of atomic theory""",2-Jan,40,Individual,Paul Adrien Maurice Dirac,8/8/1902,Bristol,United Kingdom,Male,University of Cambridge,Cambridge,United Kingdom,10/20/1984,"Tallahassee, FL",United States of America
1934,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1934,"""for his discovery of heavy hydrogen""",1-Jan,192,Individual,Harold Clayton Urey,1893-04-29,"Walkerton, IN",United States of America,Male,Columbia University,"New York, NY",United States of America,1/5/1981,"La Jolla, CA",United States of America
1934,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 1934,"""for his bold and ingenious revival of dramatic and scenic art""",1-Jan,607,Individual,Luigi Pirandello,1867-06-28,"Agrigento, Sicily",Italy,Male,,,,12/10/1936,Rome,Italy
1934,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1934,"""for their discoveries concerning liver therapy in cases of anaemia""",3-Jan,326,Individual,George Hoyt Whipple,1878-08-28,"Ashland, NH",United States of America,Male,University of Rochester,"Rochester, NY",United States of America,2/1/1976,"Rochester, NY",United States of America
1934,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1934,"""for their discoveries concerning liver therapy in cases of anaemia""",3-Jan,327,Individual,George Richards Minot,1885-12-02,"Boston, MA",United States of America,Male,Harvard University,"Cambridge, MA",United States of America,2/25/1950,"Brookline, MA",United States of America
1934,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1934,"""for their discoveries concerning liver therapy in cases of anaemia""",3-Jan,328,Individual,William Parry Murphy,1892-02-06,"Stoughton, WI",United States of America,Male,Harvard University,"Cambridge, MA",United States of America,10/9/1987,"Brookline, MA",United States of America
1934,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1934,"""for their discoveries concerning liver therapy in cases of anaemia""",3-Jan,328,Individual,William Parry Murphy,1892-02-06,"Stoughton, WI",United States of America,Male,Peter Brent Brigham Hospital,"Boston, MA",United States of America,10/9/1987,"Brookline, MA",United States of America
1934,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1934,,1-Jan,499,Individual,Arthur Henderson,1863-09-13,Glasgow,Scotland,Male,,,,10/20/1935,London,United Kingdom
1935,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1935,"""in recognition of their synthesis of new radioactive elements""",2-Jan,193,Individual,Frédéric Joliot,3/19/1900,Paris,France,Male,Institut du Radium,Paris,France,8/14/1958,Paris,France
1935,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1935,"""in recognition of their synthesis of new radioactive elements""",2-Jan,194,Individual,Irène Joliot-Curie,1897-09-12,Paris,France,Female,Institut du Radium,Paris,France,3/17/1956,Paris,France
1935,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1935,"""for his discovery of the organizer effect in embryonic development""",1-Jan,329,Individual,Hans Spemann,1869-06-27,Stuttgart,W&uuml;rttemberg (Germany),Male,University of Freiburg im Breisgau,Breisgau,Germany,9/12/1941,Freiburg im Breisgau,Germany
1935,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1935,,1-Jan,500,Individual,Carl von Ossietzky,1889-10-03,Hamburg,Germany,Male,,,,5/4/1938,Berlin,Germany
1935,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1935,"""for the discovery of the neutron""",1-Jan,41,Individual,James Chadwick,1891-10-20,Manchester,United Kingdom,Male,Liverpool University,Liverpool,United Kingdom,7/24/1974,Cambridge,United Kingdom
1936,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1936,"""for his contributions to our knowledge of molecular structure through his investigations on dipole moments and on the diffraction of X-rays and electrons in gases""",1-Jan,195,Individual,Petrus (Peter) Josephus Wilhelmus Debye,1884-03-24,Maastricht,Netherlands,Male,Berlin University,Berlin,Germany,11/2/1966,"Ithaca, NY",United States of America
1936,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1936,"""for his contributions to our knowledge of molecular structure through his investigations on dipole moments and on the diffraction of X-rays and electrons in gases""",1-Jan,195,Individual,Petrus (Peter) Josephus Wilhelmus Debye,1884-03-24,Maastricht,Netherlands,Male,Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut (now Max-Planck-Institut) für Physik,Berlin,Germany,11/2/1966,"Ithaca, NY",United States of America
1936,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 1936,"""for the power, honesty and deep-felt emotions of his dramatic works, which embody an original concept of tragedy""",1-Jan,608,Individual,Eugene Gladstone O'Neill,1888-10-16,"New York, NY",United States of America,Male,,,,11/27/1953,"Boston, MA",United States of America
1936,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1936,"""for their discoveries relating to chemical transmission of nerve impulses""",2-Jan,330,Individual,Sir Henry Hallett Dale,1875-06-09,London,United Kingdom,Male,National Institute for Medical Research,London,United Kingdom,7/23/1968,Cambridge,United Kingdom
1936,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1936,"""for their discoveries relating to chemical transmission of nerve impulses""",2-Jan,331,Individual,Otto Loewi,1873-06-03,Frankfurt-on-the-Main,Germany,Male,Graz University,Graz,Austria,12/25/1961,"New York, NY",United States of America
1936,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1936,,1-Jan,501,Individual,Carlos Saavedra Lamas,1878-11-01,Buenos Aires,Argentina,Male,,,,5/5/1959,Buenos Aires,Argentina
1936,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1936,"""for his discovery of cosmic radiation""",2-Jan,42,Individual,Victor Franz Hess,1883-06-24,Peggau,Austria,Male,Innsbruck University,Innsbruck,Austria,12/17/1964,"Mount Verno, NY",United States of America
1936,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1936,"""for his discovery of the positron""",2-Jan,43,Individual,Carl David Anderson,9/3/1905,"New York, NY",United States of America,Male,California Institute of Technology (Caltech),"Pasadena, CA",United States of America,1/11/1991,"San Marino, CA",United States of America
1937,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1937,"""for his investigations on carbohydrates and vitamin C""",2-Jan,196,Individual,Walter Norman Haworth,1883-03-19,Chorley,United Kingdom,Male,Birmingham University,Birmingham,United Kingdom,3/19/1950,Birmingham,United Kingdom
1937,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1937,"""for his investigations on carotenoids, flavins and vitamins A and B2""",2-Jan,197,Individual,Paul Karrer,1889-04-21,Moscow,Russia,Male,University of Zurich,Zurich,Switzerland,6/18/1971,Zurich,Switzerland
1937,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 1937,"""for the artistic power and truth with which he has depicted human conflict as well as some fundamental aspects of contemporary life in his novel-cycle <I>Les Thibault</I>""",1-Jan,609,Individual,Roger Martin du Gard,1881-03-23,Neuilly-sur-Seine,France,Male,,,,8/22/1958,Bellême,France
1937,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1937,"""for his discoveries in connection with the biological combustion processes, with special reference to vitamin C and the catalysis of fumaric acid""",1-Jan,332,Individual,Albert von Szent-Györgyi Nagyrápolt,1893-09-16,Budapest,Austria-Hungary (Hungary),Male,Szeged University,Szeged,Hungary,10/22/1986,"Woods Hole, MA",United States of America
1937,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1937,,1-Jan,502,Individual,"Cecil of Chelwood, Viscount (Lord Edgar Algernon Robert Gascoyne Cecil)",1864-09-14,London,United Kingdom,Male,,,,11/24/1958,Tunbridge Wells,United Kingdom
1937,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1937,"""for their experimental discovery of the diffraction of electrons by crystals""",2-Jan,44,Individual,Clinton Joseph Davisson,1881-10-22,"Bloomington, IL",United States of America,Male,Bell Telephone Laboratories,"New York, NY",United States of America,2/1/1958,"Charlottesville, VA",United States of America
1937,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1937,"""for their experimental discovery of the diffraction of electrons by crystals""",2-Jan,45,Individual,George Paget Thomson,1892-05-03,Cambridge,United Kingdom,Male,London University,London,United Kingdom,9/10/1975,Cambridge,United Kingdom
1938,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1938,"""for his work on carotenoids and vitamins""",1-Jan,198,Individual,Richard Kuhn,12/3/1900,Vienna,Austria-Hungary (Austria),Male,Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut (now Max-Planck Institut) für Medizinische Forschung,Heidelberg,Germany,7/31/1967,Heidelberg,West Germany (Germany)
1938,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1938,"""for his work on carotenoids and vitamins""",1-Jan,198,Individual,Richard Kuhn,12/3/1900,Vienna,Austria-Hungary (Austria),Male,University of Heidelberg,Heidelberg,Germany,7/31/1967,Heidelberg,West Germany (Germany)
1938,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 1938,"""for her rich and truly epic descriptions of peasant life in China and for her biographical masterpieces""",1-Jan,610,Individual,Pearl Buck,1892-06-26,"Hillsboro, WV",United States of America,Female,,,,3/6/1973,"Danby, VT",United States of America
1938,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1938,"""for the discovery of the role played by the sinus and aortic mechanisms in the regulation of respiration""",1-Jan,333,Individual,Corneille Jean François Heymans,1892-03-28,Ghent,Belgium,Male,Ghent University,Ghent,Belgium,7/18/1968,Knokke,Belgium
1938,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1938,,1-Jan,503,Organization,Office international Nansen pour les Réfugiés (Nansen International Office for Refugees),,,,,,,,,,
1938,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1938,"""for his demonstrations of the existence of new radioactive elements produced by neutron irradiation, and for his related discovery of nuclear reactions brought about by slow neutrons""",1-Jan,46,Individual,Enrico Fermi,9/29/1901,Rome,Italy,Male,Rome University,Rome,Italy,11/28/1954,"Chicago, IL",United States of America
1939,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1939,"""for his work on sex hormones""",2-Jan,199,Individual,Adolf Friedrich Johann Butenandt,3/24/1903,Bremerhaven-Lehe,Germany,Male,Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut (now Max-Planck-Institut) für Biochemie,Berlin-Dahlem,Germany,1/18/1995,Munich,Germany
1939,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1939,"""for his work on sex hormones""",2-Jan,199,Individual,Adolf Friedrich Johann Butenandt,3/24/1903,Bremerhaven-Lehe,Germany,Male,Berlin University,Berlin,Germany,1/18/1995,Munich,Germany
1939,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1939,"""for his work on polymethylenes and higher terpenes""",2-Jan,200,Individual,Leopold Ruzicka,1887-09-13,Vukovar,Austria-Hungary (Croatia),Male,Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology),Zurich,Switzerland,9/26/1976,Zurich,Switzerland
1939,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 1939,"""for his deep understanding of his country's peasantry and the exquisite art with which he has portrayed their way of life and their relationship with Nature""",1-Jan,613,Individual,Frans Eemil Sillanpää,1888-09-16,Hämeenkyrö,Russian Empire (Finland),Male,,,,6/3/1964,Helsinki,Finland
1939,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1939,"""for the discovery of the antibacterial effects of prontosil""",1-Jan,334,Individual,Gerhard Domagk,1895-10-30,Lagow,Germany (Poland),Male,Munster University,Munster,Germany,4/24/1964,Burgberg,West Germany (Germany)
1939,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1939,"""for the invention and development of the cyclotron and for results obtained with it, especially with regard to artificial radioactive elements""",1-Jan,47,Individual,Ernest Orlando Lawrence,8/8/1901,"Canton, SD",United States of America,Male,University of California,"Berkeley, CA",United States of America,8/27/1958,"Palo Alto, CA",United States of America
1943,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1943,"""for his work on the use of isotopes as tracers in the study of chemical processes""",1-Jan,201,Individual,George de Hevesy,1885-08-01,Budapest,Austria-Hungary (Hungary),Male,Stockholm University,Stockholm,Sweden,7/5/1966,Freiburg im Breisgau,West Germany (Germany)
1943,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1943,"""for his discovery of vitamin K""",2-Jan,335,Individual,Henrik Carl Peter Dam,1895-02-21,Copenhagen,Denmark,Male,Polytechnic Institute,Copenhagen,Denmark,4/17/1976,Copenhagen,Denmark
1943,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1943,"""for his discovery of the chemical nature of vitamin K""",2-Jan,336,Individual,Edward Adelbert Doisy,1893-11-13,"Hume, IL",United States of America,Male,Saint Louis University,"St. Louis, MO",United States of America,10/23/1986,"St. Louis, MO",United States of America
1943,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1943,"""for his contribution to the development of the molecular ray method and his discovery of the magnetic moment of the proton""",1-Jan,48,Individual,Otto Stern,1888-02-17,Sorau (Zory),Germany (Poland),Male,Carnegie Institute of Technology,"Pittsburgh, PA",United States of America,8/17/1969,"Berkeley, CA",United States of America
1944,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1944,"""for his discovery of the fission of heavy nuclei""",1-Jan,202,Individual,Otto Hahn,1879-03-08,Frankfurt-on-the-Main,Germany,Male,Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut (now Max-Planck Institut) für Chemie,Berlin-Dahlem,Germany,7/28/1968,Göttingen,West Germany (Germany)
1944,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 1944,"""for the rare strength and fertility of his poetic imagination with which is combined an intellectual curiosity of wide scope and a bold, freshly creative style""",1-Jan,614,Individual,Johannes Vilhelm Jensen,1873-01-20,Farsø,Denmark,Male,,,,11/25/1950,Copenhagen,Denmark
1944,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1944,"""for their discoveries relating to the highly differentiated functions of single nerve fibres""",2-Jan,337,Individual,Joseph Erlanger,1874-01-05,"San Francisco, CA",United States of America,Male,Washington University,"St. Louis, MO",United States of America,12/5/1965,"St. Louis, MO",United States of America
1944,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1944,"""for their discoveries relating to the highly differentiated functions of single nerve fibres""",2-Jan,338,Individual,Herbert Spencer Gasser,1888-07-05,"Platteville, WI",United States of America,Male,Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research,"New York, NY",United States of America,5/11/1963,"New York, NY",United States of America
1944,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1944,,1-Jan,482,Organization,Comité international de la Croix Rouge (International Committee of the Red Cross),,,,,,,,,,
1944,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1944,"""for his resonance method for recording the magnetic properties of atomic nuclei""",1-Jan,49,Individual,Isidor Isaac Rabi,1898-07-29,Rymanow,Austria-Hungary (Poland),Male,Columbia University,"New York, NY",United States of America,1/11/1988,"New York, NY",United States of America
1945,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1945,"""for his research and inventions in agricultural and nutrition chemistry, especially for his fodder preservation method""",1-Jan,203,Individual,Artturi Ilmari Virtanen,1895-01-15,Helsinki,Russian Empire (Finland),Male,University of Helsinki,Helsinki,Finland,11/11/1973,Helsinki,Finland
1945,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 1945,"""for her lyric poetry which, inspired by powerful emotions, has made her name a symbol of the idealistic aspirations of the entire Latin American world""",1-Jan,615,Individual,Gabriela Mistral,1889-04-07,Vicuña,Chile,Female,,,,1/10/1957,"Hempstead, NY",United States of America
1945,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1945,"""for the discovery of penicillin and its curative effect in various infectious diseases""",3-Jan,339,Individual,Sir Alexander Fleming,1881-08-06,Lochfield,Scotland,Male,London University,London,United Kingdom,3/11/1955,London,United Kingdom
1945,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1945,"""for the discovery of penicillin and its curative effect in various infectious diseases""",3-Jan,340,Individual,Ernst Boris Chain,6/19/1906,Berlin,Germany,Male,University of Oxford,Oxford,United Kingdom,8/12/1979,Mulrany,Ireland
1945,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1945,"""for the discovery of penicillin and its curative effect in various infectious diseases""",3-Jan,341,Individual,Sir Howard Walter Florey,1898-09-24,Adelaide,Australia,Male,University of Oxford,Oxford,United Kingdom,2/21/1968,Oxford,United Kingdom
1945,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1945,,1-Jan,505,Individual,Cordell Hull,1871-10-02,"Olympus, TN",United States of America,Male,,,,7/23/1955,"Bethesda, MD",United States of America
1945,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1945,"""for the discovery of the Exclusion Principle, also called the Pauli Principle""",1-Jan,50,Individual,Wolfgang Pauli,4/25/1900,Vienna,Austria,Male,Princeton University,"Princeton, NJ",United States of America,12/15/1958,Zurich,Switzerland
1946,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1946,"""for his discovery that enzymes can be crystallized""",2-Jan,204,Individual,James Batcheller Sumner,1887-11-19,"Canton, MA",United States of America,Male,Cornell University,"Ithaca, NY",United States of America,8/12/1955,"Buffalo, NY",United States of America
1946,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1946,"""for their preparation of enzymes and virus proteins in a pure form""",4-Jan,205,Individual,John Howard Northrop,1891-07-05,"Yonkers, NY",United States of America,Male,Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research,"Princeton, NJ",United States of America,5/27/1987,"Wickenberg, AZ",United States of America
1946,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1946,"""for their preparation of enzymes and virus proteins in a pure form""",4-Jan,206,Individual,Wendell Meredith Stanley,8/16/1904,"Ridgeville, IN",United States of America,Male,Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research,"Princeton, NJ",United States of America,6/15/1971,Salamanca,Spain
1946,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 1946,"""for his inspired writings which, while growing in boldness and penetration, exemplify the classical humanitarian ideals and high qualities of style""",1-Jan,617,Individual,Hermann Hesse,1877-07-02,Calw,Germany,Male,,,,8/9/1962,Montagnola,Switzerland
1946,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1946,"""for the discovery of the production of mutations by means of X-ray irradiation""",1-Jan,342,Individual,Hermann Joseph Muller,1890-12-21,"New York, NY",United States of America,Male,Indiana University,"Bloomington, IN",United States of America,4/5/1967,,
1946,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1946,,2-Jan,506,Individual,Emily Greene Balch,1867-01-08,"Jamaica Plain, MA (Boston)",United States of America,Female,,,,1/9/1961,"Cambridge, MA",United States of America
1946,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1946,,2-Jan,507,Individual,John Raleigh Mott,1865-05-25,"Livingston Manor, NY",United States of America,Male,,,,1/31/1955,,United States of America
1946,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1946,"""for the invention of an apparatus to produce extremely high pressures, and for the discoveries he made therewith in the field of high pressure physics""",1-Jan,51,Individual,Percy Williams Bridgman,1882-04-21,"Cambridge, MA",United States of America,Male,Harvard University,"Cambridge, MA",United States of America,8/20/1961,"Randolph, NH",United States of America
1947,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1947,"""for his investigations on plant products of biological importance, especially the alkaloids""",1-Jan,207,Individual,Sir Robert Robinson,1886-09-13,"Rufford, near Chesterfield",United Kingdom,Male,University of Oxford,Oxford,United Kingdom,2/8/1975,Great Missenden,United Kingdom
1947,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 1947,"""for his comprehensive and artistically significant writings, in which human problems and conditions have been presented with a fearless love of truth and keen psychological insight""",1-Jan,618,Individual,André Paul Guillaume Gide,1869-11-22,Paris,France,Male,,,,2/19/1951,Paris,France
1947,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1947,"""for their discovery of the course of the catalytic conversion of glycogen""",4-Jan,343,Individual,Carl Ferdinand Cori,1896-12-05,Prague,Austria-Hungary (Czech Republic),Male,Washington University,"St. Louis, MO",United States of America,10/20/1984,"Cambridge, MA",United States of America
1947,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1947,"""for their discovery of the course of the catalytic conversion of glycogen""",4-Jan,344,Individual,"Gerty Theresa Cori, née Radnitz",1896-08-15,Prague,Austria-Hungary (Czech Republic),Female,Washington University,"St. Louis, MO",United States of America,10/26/1957,"St. Louis, MO",United States of America
1947,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1947,"""for his discovery of the part played by the hormone of the anterior pituitary lobe in the metabolism of sugar""",2-Jan,345,Individual,Bernardo Alberto Houssay,1887-04-10,Buenos Aires,Argentina,Male,Instituto de Biologia y Medicina Experimental (Institute for Biology and Experimental Medicine),Buenos Aires,Argentina,9/21/1971,Buenos Aires,Argentina
1947,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1947,,2-Jan,508,Organization,Friends Service Council (The Quakers),,,,,,,,,,
1947,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1947,,2-Jan,509,Organization,American Friends Service Committee (The Quakers),,,,,,,,,,
1947,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1947,"""for his investigations of the physics of the upper atmosphere especially for the discovery of the so-called Appleton layer""",1-Jan,52,Individual,Sir Edward Victor Appleton,1892-09-06,Bradford,United Kingdom,Male,Department of Scientific and Industrial Research,London,United Kingdom,4/21/1965,Edinburgh,Scotland
1948,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1948,"""for his research on electrophoresis and adsorption analysis, especially for his discoveries concerning the complex nature of the serum proteins""",1-Jan,208,Individual,Arne Wilhelm Kaurin Tiselius,8/10/1902,Stockholm,Sweden,Male,Uppsala University,Uppsala,Sweden,10/29/1971,Uppsala,Sweden
1948,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 1948,"""for his outstanding, pioneer contribution to present-day poetry""",1-Jan,619,Individual,Thomas Stearns Eliot,1888-09-26,"St. Louis, MO",United States of America,Male,,,,1/4/1965,London,United Kingdom
1948,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1948,"""for his discovery of the high efficiency of DDT as a contact poison against several arthropods""",1-Jan,346,Individual,Paul Hermann Müller,1899-01-12,Olten,Switzerland,Male,Laboratorium der Farben-Fabriken J.R. Geigy A.G. (Laboratory of the J.R. Geigy Dye-Factory Co.),Basel,Switzerland,10/12/1965,Basel,Switzerland
1948,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1948,"""for his development of the Wilson cloud chamber method, and his discoveries therewith in the fields of nuclear physics and cosmic radiation""",1-Jan,53,Individual,Patrick Maynard Stuart Blackett,1897-11-18,London,United Kingdom,Male,Victoria University,Manchester,United Kingdom,7/13/1974,London,United Kingdom
1949,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1949,"""for his contributions in the field of chemical thermodynamics, particularly concerning the behaviour of substances at extremely low temperatures""",1-Jan,209,Individual,William Francis Giauque,1895-05-12,Niagara Falls,Canada,Male,University of California,"Berkeley, CA",United States of America,3/28/1982,"Berkeley, CA",United States of America
1949,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 1949,"""for his powerful and artistically unique contribution to the modern American novel""",1-Jan,620,Individual,William Faulkner,1897-09-25,"New Albany, MS",United States of America,Male,,,,7/6/1962,"Byhalia, MS",United States of America
1949,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1949,"""for his discovery of the functional organization of the interbrain as a coordinator of the activities of the internal organs""",2-Jan,347,Individual,Walter Rudolf Hess,1881-03-17,Frauenfeld,Switzerland,Male,University of Zurich,Zurich,Switzerland,8/12/1973,Ascona,Switzerland
1949,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1949,"""for his discovery of the therapeutic value of leucotomy in certain psychoses""",2-Jan,348,Individual,Antonio Caetano de Abreu Freire Egas Moniz,1874-11-29,Avanca,Portugal,Male,University of Lisbon,Lisbon,Portugal,12/13/1955,Lisbon,Portugal
1949,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1949,"""for his discovery of the therapeutic value of leucotomy in certain psychoses""",2-Jan,348,Individual,Antonio Caetano de Abreu Freire Egas Moniz,1874-11-29,Avanca,Portugal,Male,Neurological Institute,Lisbon,Portugal,12/13/1955,Lisbon,Portugal
1949,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1949,,1-Jan,510,Individual,Lord (John) Boyd Orr of Brechin,1880-09-23,Kilmaurs,Scotland,Male,,,,6/25/1971,Edzell,Scotland
1949,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1949,"""for his prediction of the existence of mesons on the basis of theoretical work on nuclear forces""",1-Jan,54,Individual,Hideki Yukawa,1/23/1907,Tokyo,Japan,Male,Kyoto Imperial University,Kyoto,Japan,9/8/1981,Kyoto,Japan
1949,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1949,"""for his prediction of the existence of mesons on the basis of theoretical work on nuclear forces""",1-Jan,54,Individual,Hideki Yukawa,1/23/1907,Tokyo,Japan,Male,Columbia University,"New York, NY",United States of America,9/8/1981,Kyoto,Japan
1950,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1950,"""for their discovery and development of the diene synthesis""",2-Jan,210,Individual,Otto Paul Hermann Diels,1876-01-23,Hamburg,Germany,Male,Kiel University,Kiel,Federal Republic of Germany,3/7/1954,Kiel,West Germany (Germany)
1950,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1950,"""for their discovery and development of the diene synthesis""",2-Jan,211,Individual,Kurt Alder,7/10/1902,Königshütte (Chorzów),Prussia (Poland),Male,Cologne University,Cologne,Federal Republic of Germany,6/20/1958,Cologne,West Germany (Germany)
1950,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 1950,"""in recognition of his varied and significant writings in which he champions humanitarian ideals and freedom of thought""",1-Jan,621,Individual,Earl (Bertrand Arthur William) Russell,1872-05-18,Trelleck,United Kingdom,Male,,,,2/2/1970,Penrhyndeudraeth,United Kingdom
1950,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1950,"""for their discoveries relating to the hormones of the adrenal cortex, their structure and biological effects""",3-Jan,349,Individual,Edward Calvin Kendall,1886-03-08,"South Norwalk, CT",United States of America,Male,Mayo Clinic,"Rochester, MN",United States of America,5/4/1972,"Princeton, NJ",United States of America
1950,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1950,"""for their discoveries relating to the hormones of the adrenal cortex, their structure and biological effects""",3-Jan,350,Individual,Tadeus Reichstein,1897-07-20,Wloclawek,Poland,Male,Basel University,Basel,Switzerland,8/1/1996,Basel,Switzerland
1950,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1950,"""for their discoveries relating to the hormones of the adrenal cortex, their structure and biological effects""",3-Jan,351,Individual,Philip Showalter Hench,1896-02-28,"Pittsburgh, PA",United States of America,Male,Mayo Clinic,"Rochester, MN",United States of America,3/30/1965,Ocho Rios,Jamaica
1950,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1950,,1-Jan,511,Individual,Ralph Bunche,8/7/1904,"Detroit, MI",United States of America,Male,Harvard University,"Cambridge, MA",United States of America,12/9/1971,"New York, NY",United States of America
1950,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1950,"""for his development of the photographic method of studying nuclear processes and his discoveries regarding mesons made with this method""",1-Jan,55,Individual,Cecil Frank Powell,12/5/1903,Tonbridge,United Kingdom,Male,Bristol University,Bristol,United Kingdom,8/9/1969,,Italy
1951,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1951,"""for their discoveries in the chemistry of the transuranium elements""",2-Jan,212,Individual,Edwin Mattison McMillan,9/18/1907,"Redondo Beach, CA",United States of America,Male,University of California,"Berkeley, CA",United States of America,9/7/1991,"El Cerrito, CA",United States of America
1951,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1951,"""for their discoveries in the chemistry of the transuranium elements""",2-Jan,213,Individual,Glenn Theodore Seaborg,4/19/1912,"Ishpeming, MI",United States of America,Male,University of California,"Berkeley, CA",United States of America,2/25/1999,"Lafayette, CA",United States of America
1951,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 1951,"""for the artistic vigour and true independence of mind with which he endeavours in his poetry to find answers to the eternal questions confronting mankind""",1-Jan,622,Individual,Pär Fabian Lagerkvist,1891-05-23,Växjö,Sweden,Male,,,,7/11/1974,Stockholm,Sweden
1951,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1951,"""for his discoveries concerning yellow fever and how to combat it""",1-Jan,352,Individual,Max Theiler,1899-01-30,Pretoria,South Africa,Male,"Laboratories of the Division of Medicine and Public Health, Rockefeller Foundation","New York, NY",United States of America,8/11/1972,"New Haven, CT",United States of America
1951,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1951,,1-Jan,512,Individual,Léon Jouhaux,1879-07-01,Paris,France,Male,,,,4/28/1954,Paris,France
1951,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1951,"""for their pioneer work on the transmutation of atomic nuclei by artificially accelerated atomic particles""",2-Jan,56,Individual,Sir John Douglas Cockcroft,1897-05-27,Todmorden,United Kingdom,Male,Atomic Energy Research Establishment,"Harwell, Berkshire",United Kingdom,9/18/1967,Cambridge,United Kingdom
1951,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1951,"""for their pioneer work on the transmutation of atomic nuclei by artificially accelerated atomic particles""",2-Jan,57,Individual,Ernest Thomas Sinton Walton,10/6/1903,Dungarvan,Ireland,Male,Trinity College,Dublin,Ireland,6/25/1995,Belfast,Northern Ireland
1952,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1952,"""for their invention of partition chromatography""",2-Jan,214,Individual,Archer John Porter Martin,3/1/1910,London,United Kingdom,Male,National Institute for Medical Research,London,United Kingdom,7/28/2002,Llangarron,United Kingdom
1952,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1952,"""for their invention of partition chromatography""",2-Jan,215,Individual,Richard Laurence Millington Synge,10/28/1914,Liverpool,United Kingdom,Male,Rowett Research Institute,Bucksburn (Scotland),United Kingdom,8/18/1994,Norwich,United Kingdom
1952,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 1952,"""for the deep spiritual insight and the artistic intensity with which he has in his novels penetrated the drama of human life""",1-Jan,623,Individual,François Mauriac,1885-10-11,Bordeaux,France,Male,,,,9/1/1970,Paris,France
1952,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1952,"""for his discovery of streptomycin, the first antibiotic effective against tuberculosis""",1-Jan,353,Individual,Selman Abraham Waksman,1888-07-22,Priluka (Nova Pryluka),Russian Empire (Ukraine),Male,Rutgers University,"New Brunswick, NJ",United States of America,8/16/1973,"Hyannis, MA",United States of America
1952,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1952,,1-Jan,513,Individual,Albert Schweitzer,1875-01-14,Kaysersberg,Germany (France),Male,,,,9/4/1965,Lambaréné,Gabon
1952,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1952,"""for their development of new methods for nuclear magnetic precision measurements and discoveries in connection therewith""",2-Jan,58,Individual,Felix Bloch,10/23/1905,Zurich,Switzerland,Male,Stanford University,"Stanford, CA",United States of America,9/10/1983,Zurich,Switzerland
1952,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1952,"""for their development of new methods for nuclear magnetic precision measurements and discoveries in connection therewith""",2-Jan,59,Individual,Edward Mills Purcell,8/30/1912,"Taylorville, IL",United States of America,Male,Harvard University,"Cambridge, MA",United States of America,3/7/1997,"Cambridge, MA",United States of America
1953,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1953,"""for his discoveries in the field of macromolecular chemistry""",1-Jan,216,Individual,Hermann Staudinger,1881-03-23,Worms,Germany,Male,University of Freiburg,Breisgau,Federal Republic of Germany,9/8/1965,Freiburg im Breisgau,West Germany (Germany)
1953,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1953,"""for his discoveries in the field of macromolecular chemistry""",1-Jan,216,Individual,Hermann Staudinger,1881-03-23,Worms,Germany,Male,"Staatliches Institut für makromolekulare Chemie (State Research Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry), Freiburg",Breisgau,Federal Republic of Germany,9/8/1965,Freiburg im Breisgau,West Germany (Germany)
1953,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 1953,"""for his mastery of historical and biographical description as well as for brilliant oratory in defending exalted human values""",1-Jan,624,Individual,Sir Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill,1874-11-30,Woodstock,United Kingdom,Male,,,,1/24/1965,London,United Kingdom
1953,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1953,"""for his discovery of the citric acid cycle""",2-Jan,354,Individual,Hans Adolf Krebs,8/25/1900,Hildesheim,Germany,Male,Sheffield University,Sheffield,United Kingdom,11/22/1981,Oxford,United Kingdom
1953,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1953,"""for his discovery of co-enzyme A and its importance for intermediary metabolism""",2-Jan,355,Individual,Fritz Albert Lipmann,1899-06-12,Koenigsberg (Kaliningrad),Germany (Russia),Male,Harvard Medical School,"Boston, MA",United States of America,7/24/1986,"Poughkeepsie, NY",United States of America
1953,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1953,"""for his discovery of co-enzyme A and its importance for intermediary metabolism""",2-Jan,355,Individual,Fritz Albert Lipmann,1899-06-12,Koenigsberg (Kaliningrad),Germany (Russia),Male,Massachusetts General Hospital,"Boston, MA",United States of America,7/24/1986,"Poughkeepsie, NY",United States of America
1953,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1953,,1-Jan,514,Individual,George Catlett Marshall,1880-12-31,"Uniontown, PA",United States of America,Male,,,,10/16/1959,"Washington, DC",United States of America
1953,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1953,"""for his demonstration of the phase contrast method, especially for his invention of the phase contrast microscope""",1-Jan,60,Individual,Frits Zernike,1888-07-16,Amsterdam,Netherlands,Male,Groningen University,Groningen,Netherlands,3/10/1966,Groningen,Netherlands
1954,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1954,"""for his research into the nature of the chemical bond and its application to the elucidation of the structure of complex substances""",1-Jan,217,Individual,Linus Carl Pauling,2/28/1901,"Portland, OR",United States of America,Male,California Institute of Technology (Caltech),"Pasadena, CA",United States of America,8/19/1994,"Big Sur, CA",United States of America
1954,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 1954,"""for his mastery of the art of narrative, most recently demonstrated in <I>The Old Man and the Sea,</I> and for the influence that he has exerted on contemporary style""",1-Jan,625,Individual,Ernest Miller Hemingway,1899-07-21,"Oak Park, IL",United States of America,Male,,,,7/2/1961,"Ketchum, ID",United States of America
1954,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1954,"""for their discovery of the ability of poliomyelitis viruses to grow in cultures of various types of tissue""",3-Jan,356,Individual,John Franklin Enders,1897-02-10,"West Hartford, CT",United States of America,Male,Harvard Medical School,"Boston, MA",United States of America,9/8/1985,"Waterford, CT",United States of America
1954,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1954,"""for their discovery of the ability of poliomyelitis viruses to grow in cultures of various types of tissue""",3-Jan,356,Individual,John Franklin Enders,1897-02-10,"West Hartford, CT",United States of America,Male,"Research Division of Infectious Diseases, Children's Medical Center","Boston, MA",United States of America,9/8/1985,"Waterford, CT",United States of America
1954,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1954,"""for their discovery of the ability of poliomyelitis viruses to grow in cultures of various types of tissue""",3-Jan,357,Individual,Thomas Huckle Weller,6/15/1915,"Ann Arbor, MI",United States of America,Male,"Research Division of Infectious Diseases, Children's Medical Center","Boston, MA",United States of America,8/23/2008,"Needham, MA",United States of America
1954,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1954,"""for their discovery of the ability of poliomyelitis viruses to grow in cultures of various types of tissue""",3-Jan,358,Individual,Frederick Chapman Robbins,8/25/1916,"Auburn, AL",United States of America,Male,Western Reserve University,"Cleveland, OH",United States of America,8/4/2003,"Cleveland, OH",United States of America
1954,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1954,,1-Jan,515,Organization,Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR),,,,,,,,,,
1954,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1954,"""for his fundamental research in quantum mechanics, especially for his statistical interpretation of the wavefunction""",2-Jan,61,Individual,Max Born,1882-12-11,Breslau (Wroclaw),Germany (Poland),Male,Edinburgh University,Edinburgh,United Kingdom,1/5/1970,Göttingen,West Germany (Germany)
1954,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1954,"""for the coincidence method and his discoveries made therewith""",2-Jan,62,Individual,Walther Bothe,1891-01-08,Oranienburg,Germany,Male,University of Heidelberg,Heidelberg,Federal Republic of Germany,2/8/1957,Heidelberg,West Germany (Germany)
1954,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1954,"""for the coincidence method and his discoveries made therewith""",2-Jan,62,Individual,Walther Bothe,1891-01-08,Oranienburg,Germany,Male,Max-Planck-Institut für medizinische Forschung,Heidelberg,Federal Republic of Germany,2/8/1957,Heidelberg,West Germany (Germany)
1955,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1955,"""for his work on biochemically important sulphur compounds, especially for the first synthesis of a polypeptide hormone""",1-Jan,218,Individual,Vincent du Vigneaud,5/18/1901,"Chicago, IL",United States of America,Male,Cornell University,"Ithaca, NY",United States of America,12/11/1978,"White Plains, NY",United States of America
1955,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 1955,"""for his vivid epic power which has renewed the great narrative art of Iceland""",1-Jan,626,Individual,Halldór Kiljan Laxness,4/23/1902,Reykjavik,Iceland,Male,,,,2/8/1998,Reykjavik,Iceland
1955,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1955,"""for his discoveries concerning the nature and mode of action of oxidation enzymes""",1-Jan,359,Individual,Axel Hugo Theodor Theorell,7/6/1903,Linköping,Sweden,Male,"Karolinska Institutet, Nobel Medical Institute",Stockholm,Sweden,8/15/1982,Stockholm,Sweden
1955,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1955,"""for his discoveries concerning the fine structure of the hydrogen spectrum""",2-Jan,63,Individual,Willis Eugene Lamb,7/12/1913,"Los Angeles, CA",United States of America,Male,Stanford University,"Stanford, CA",United States of America,5/15/2008,"Tucson, AZ",United States of America
1955,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1955,"""for his precision determination of the magnetic moment of the electron""",2-Jan,64,Individual,Polykarp Kusch,1/26/1911,Blankenburg,Germany,Male,Columbia University,"New York, NY",United States of America,3/20/1993,"Dallas, TX",United States of America
1956,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1956,"""for their researches into the mechanism of chemical reactions""",2-Jan,219,Individual,Sir Cyril Norman Hinshelwood,1897-05-19,London,United Kingdom,Male,University of Oxford,Oxford,United Kingdom,10/9/1967,London,United Kingdom
1956,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1956,"""for their researches into the mechanism of chemical reactions""",2-Jan,220,Individual,Nikolay Nikolaevich Semenov,1896-04-03,Saratov,Russia,Male,Institute for Chemical Physics of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR,Moscow,Union of Soviet Socialist Republics,9/25/1986,Moscow,Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
1956,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 1956,"""for his lyrical poetry, which in Spanish language constitutes an example of high spirit and artistical purity""",1-Jan,627,Individual,Juan Ramón Jiménez,1881-12-24,Moguer,Spain,Male,,,,5/29/1958,San Juan,Puerto Rico
1956,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1956,"""for their discoveries concerning heart catheterization and pathological changes in the circulatory system""",3-Jan,360,Individual,André Frédéric Cournand,1895-09-24,Paris,France,Male,"Columbia University Division, Cardio-Pulmonary Laboratory, Bellevue Hospital","New York, NY",United States of America,2/19/1988,"Great Barrington, MA",United States of America
1956,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1956,"""for their discoveries concerning heart catheterization and pathological changes in the circulatory system""",3-Jan,361,Individual,Werner Forssmann,8/29/1904,Berlin,Germany,Male,Mainz University,Mainz,Federal Republic of Germany,6/1/1979,Schopfheim,West Germany (Germany)
1956,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1956,"""for their discoveries concerning heart catheterization and pathological changes in the circulatory system""",3-Jan,361,Individual,Werner Forssmann,8/29/1904,Berlin,Germany,Male,,Bad Kreuznach,Federal Republic of Germany,6/1/1979,Schopfheim,West Germany (Germany)
1956,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1956,"""for their discoveries concerning heart catheterization and pathological changes in the circulatory system""",3-Jan,362,Individual,Dickinson W. Richards,1895-10-30,"Orange, NJ",United States of America,Male,Columbia University,"New York, NY",United States of America,2/23/1973,"Lakeville, CT",United States of America
1956,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1956,"""for their researches on semiconductors and their discovery of the transistor effect""",3-Jan,65,Individual,William Bradford Shockley,2/13/1910,London,United Kingdom,Male,"Semiconductor Laboratory of Beckman Instruments, Inc.","Mountain View, CA",United States of America,8/12/1989,"Palo Alto, CA",United States of America
1956,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1956,"""for their researches on semiconductors and their discovery of the transistor effect""",3-Jan,66,Individual,John Bardeen,5/23/1908,"Madison, WI",United States of America,Male,University of Illinois,"Urbana, IL",United States of America,1/30/1991,"Boston, MA",United States of America
1956,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1956,"""for their researches on semiconductors and their discovery of the transistor effect""",3-Jan,67,Individual,Walter Houser Brattain,2/10/1902,Amoy,China,Male,Bell Telephone Laboratories,"Murray Hill, NJ",United States of America,10/13/1987,"Seattle, WA",United States of America
1957,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1957,"""for his work on nucleotides and nucleotide co-enzymes""",1-Jan,221,Individual,Lord (Alexander R.) Todd,10/2/1907,Glasgow,Scotland,Male,University of Cambridge,Cambridge,United Kingdom,1/10/1997,Cambridge,United Kingdom
1957,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 1957,"""for his important literary production, which with clear-sighted earnestness illuminates the problems of the human conscience in our times""",1-Jan,628,Individual,Albert Camus,11/7/1913,Mondovi,French Algeria (Algeria),Male,,,,1/4/1960,Sens,France
1957,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1957,"""for his discoveries relating to synthetic compounds that inhibit the action of certain body substances, and especially their action on the vascular system and the skeletal muscles""",1-Jan,363,Individual,Daniel Bovet,3/23/1907,Neuchâtel,Switzerland,Male,Istituto Superiore di Sanità (Chief Institute of Public Health),Rome,Italy,4/8/1992,Rome,Italy
1957,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1957,,1-Jan,516,Individual,Lester Bowles Pearson,1897-04-23,Toronto,Canada,Male,,,,12/27/1972,Ottawa,Canada
1957,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1957,"""for their penetrating investigation of the so-called parity laws which has led to important discoveries regarding the elementary particles""",2-Jan,68,Individual,Chen Ning Yang,9/22/1922,"Hofei, Anhwei",China,Male,Institute for Advanced Study,"Princeton, NJ",United States of America,,,
1957,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1957,"""for their penetrating investigation of the so-called parity laws which has led to important discoveries regarding the elementary particles""",2-Jan,69,Individual,Tsung-Dao (T.D.) Lee,11/24/1926,Shanghai,China,Male,Columbia University,"New York, NY",United States of America,,,
1958,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1958,"""for his work on the structure of proteins, especially that of insulin""",1-Jan,222,Individual,Frederick Sanger,8/13/1918,Rendcombe,United Kingdom,Male,University of Cambridge,Cambridge,United Kingdom,11/19/2013,Cambridge,United Kingdom
1958,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 1958,"""for his important achievement both in contemporary lyrical poetry and in the field of the great Russian epic tradition""",1-Jan,629,Individual,Boris Leonidovich Pasternak,1890-02-10,Moscow,Russia,Male,,,,5/30/1960,Peredelkino,Russia
1958,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1958,"""for their discovery that genes act by regulating definite chemical events""",4-Jan,364,Individual,George Wells Beadle,10/22/1903,"Wahoo, NE",United States of America,Male,California Institute of Technology (Caltech),"Pasadena, CA",United States of America,6/9/1989,"Pomona, CA",United States of America
1958,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1958,"""for their discovery that genes act by regulating definite chemical events""",4-Jan,365,Individual,Edward Lawrie Tatum,12/14/1909,"Boulder, CO",United States of America,Male,Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research,"New York, NY",United States of America,11/5/1975,"New York, NY",United States of America
1958,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1958,"""for his discoveries concerning genetic recombination and the organization of the genetic material of bacteria""",2-Jan,366,Individual,Joshua Lederberg,5/23/1925,"Montclair, NJ",United States of America,Male,University of Wisconsin,"Madison, WI",United States of America,2/2/2008,"New York, NY",United States of America
1958,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1958,,1-Jan,517,Individual,Georges Pire,2/10/1910,Dinant,Belgium,Male,,,,1/30/1969,Leuven,Belgium
1958,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1958,"""for the discovery and the interpretation of the Cherenkov effect""",3-Jan,70,Individual,Pavel Alekseyevich Cherenkov,7/28/1904,Novaya Chigla,Russia,Male,P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute,Moscow,Union of Soviet Socialist Republics,1/6/1990,,Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
1958,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1958,"""for the discovery and the interpretation of the Cherenkov effect""",3-Jan,71,Individual,Igor Yevgenyevich Tamm,1895-07-08,Vladivostok,Russia,Male,University of Moscow,Moscow,Union of Soviet Socialist Republics,4/12/1971,Moscow,Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (Russia)
1958,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1958,"""for the discovery and the interpretation of the Cherenkov effect""",3-Jan,71,Individual,Igor Yevgenyevich Tamm,1895-07-08,Vladivostok,Russia,Male,P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute,Moscow,Union of Soviet Socialist Republics,4/12/1971,Moscow,Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (Russia)
1958,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1958,"""for the discovery and the interpretation of the Cherenkov effect""",3-Jan,721,Individual,Il´ja Mikhailovich Frank,10/23/1908,Leningrad (Saint Petersburg),Russia,Male,University of Moscow,Moscow,Union of Soviet Socialist Republics,6/22/1990,Moscow,Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (Russia)
1958,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1958,"""for the discovery and the interpretation of the Cherenkov effect""",3-Jan,721,Individual,Il´ja Mikhailovich Frank,10/23/1908,Leningrad (Saint Petersburg),Russia,Male,P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute,Moscow,Union of Soviet Socialist Republics,6/22/1990,Moscow,Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (Russia)
1959,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1959,"""for his discovery and development of the polarographic methods of analysis""",1-Jan,223,Individual,Jaroslav Heyrovsky,1890-12-20,Prague,Austria-Hungary (Czech Republic),Male,Polarographic Institute of the Czechoslovak Academy of Science,Prague,Czechoslovakia,3/27/1967,Prague,Czechoslovakia
1959,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 1959,"""for his lyrical poetry, which with classical fire expresses the tragic experience of life in our own times""",1-Jan,630,Individual,Salvatore Quasimodo,8/20/1901,Modica,Italy,Male,,,,6/14/1968,Naples,Italy
1959,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1959,"""for their discovery of the mechanisms in the biological synthesis of ribonucleic acid and deoxyribonucleic acid""",2-Jan,367,Individual,Severo Ochoa,9/24/1905,Luarca,Spain,Male,"New York University, College of Medicine","New York, NY",United States of America,11/1/1993,Madrid,Spain
1959,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1959,"""for their discovery of the mechanisms in the biological synthesis of ribonucleic acid and deoxyribonucleic acid""",2-Jan,368,Individual,Arthur Kornberg,3/3/1918,"Brooklyn, NY",United States of America,Male,Stanford University,"Stanford, CA",United States of America,10/26/2007,"Stanford, CA",United States of America
1959,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1959,,1-Jan,518,Individual,Philip J. Noel-Baker,1889-11-01,London,United Kingdom,Male,,,,10/8/1982,London,United Kingdom
1959,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1959,"""for their discovery of the antiproton""",2-Jan,72,Individual,Emilio Gino Segrè,2/1/1905,Tivoli,Italy,Male,University of California,"Berkeley, CA",United States of America,4/22/1989,"Lafayette, CA",United States of America
1959,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1959,"""for their discovery of the antiproton""",2-Jan,73,Individual,Owen Chamberlain,7/10/1920,"San Francisco, CA",United States of America,Male,University of California,"Berkeley, CA",United States of America,2/28/2006,"Berkeley, CA",United States of America
1960,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1960,"""for his method to use carbon-14 for age determination in archaeology, geology, geophysics, and other branches of science""",1-Jan,224,Individual,Willard Frank Libby,12/17/1908,"Grand Valley, CO",United States of America,Male,University of California,"Los Angeles, CA",United States of America,9/8/1980,"Los Angeles, CA",United States of America
1960,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 1960,"""for the soaring flight and the evocative imagery of his poetry which in a visionary fashion reflects the conditions of our time""",1-Jan,631,Individual,Saint-John Perse,1887-05-31,Pointe-à-Pitre,Guadeloupe Island,Male,,,,9/20/1975,Presqu'île-de-Giens,France
1960,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1960,"""for discovery of acquired immunological tolerance""",2-Jan,369,Individual,Sir Frank Macfarlane Burnet,1899-09-03,Traralgon,Australia,Male,Walter and Eliza Hall Institute for Medical Research,Melbourne,Australia,8/31/1985,Melbourne,Australia
1960,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1960,"""for discovery of acquired immunological tolerance""",2-Jan,370,Individual,Peter Brian Medawar,2/28/1915,Rio de Janeiro,Brazil,Male,University College,London,United Kingdom,10/2/1987,London,United Kingdom
1960,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1960,,1-Jan,519,Individual,Albert John Lutuli,1898-00-00,Bulawayo,Southern Rhodesia (Zimbabwe),Male,,,,7/21/1967,Stanger,South Africa
1960,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1960,"""for the invention of the bubble chamber""",1-Jan,74,Individual,Donald Arthur Glaser,9/21/1926,"Cleveland, OH",United States of America,Male,University of California,"Berkeley, CA",United States of America,2/28/2013,"Berkeley, CA",United States of America
1961,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1961,"""for his research on the carbon dioxide assimilation in plants""",1-Jan,225,Individual,Melvin Calvin,4/8/1911,"St. Paul, MN",United States of America,Male,University of California,"Berkeley, CA",United States of America,1/8/1997,"Berkeley, CA",United States of America
1961,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 1961,"""for the epic force with which he has traced themes and depicted human destinies drawn from the history of his country""",1-Jan,633,Individual,Ivo Andric,1892-10-10,Dolac,Bosnia (Bosnia and Herzegovina),Male,,,,3/13/1975,Belgrade,Yugoslavia (Serbia)
1961,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1961,"""for his discoveries of the physical mechanism of stimulation within the cochlea""",1-Jan,371,Individual,Georg von Békésy,1899-06-03,Budapest,Hungary,Male,Harvard University,"Cambridge, MA",United States of America,6/13/1972,"Honolulu, HI",United States of America
1961,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1961,,1-Jan,520,Individual,Dag Hjalmar Agne Carl Hammarskjöld,7/29/1905,Jönköping,Sweden,Male,,,,9/18/1961,Ndola,Northern Rhodesia (Zambia)
1961,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1961,"""for his pioneering studies of electron scattering in atomic nuclei and for his thereby achieved discoveries concerning the structure of the nucleons""",2-Jan,75,Individual,Robert Hofstadter,2/5/1915,"New York, NY",United States of America,Male,Stanford University,"Stanford, CA",United States of America,11/17/1990,"Stanford, CA",United States of America
1961,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1961,"""for his researches concerning the resonance absorption of gamma radiation and his discovery in this connection of the effect which bears his name""",2-Jan,76,Individual,Rudolf Ludwig Mössbauer,1/31/1929,Munich,Germany,Male,Technical University,Munich,Federal Republic of Germany,9/14/2011,,
1961,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1961,"""for his researches concerning the resonance absorption of gamma radiation and his discovery in this connection of the effect which bears his name""",2-Jan,76,Individual,Rudolf Ludwig Mössbauer,1/31/1929,Munich,Germany,Male,California Institute of Technology (Caltech),"Pasadena, CA",United States of America,9/14/2011,,
1962,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1962,"""for their studies of the structures of globular proteins""",2-Jan,226,Individual,Max Ferdinand Perutz,5/19/1914,Vienna,Austria,Male,MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology,Cambridge,United Kingdom,2/6/2002,Cambridge,United Kingdom
1962,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1962,"""for their studies of the structures of globular proteins""",2-Jan,227,Individual,John Cowdery Kendrew,3/24/1917,Oxford,United Kingdom,Male,MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology,Cambridge,United Kingdom,8/23/1997,Cambridge,United Kingdom
1962,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 1962,"""for his realistic and imaginative writings, combining as they do sympathetic humour and keen social perception""",1-Jan,634,Individual,John Steinbeck,2/27/1902,"Salinas, CA",United States of America,Male,,,,12/20/1968,"New York, NY",United States of America
1962,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1962,"""for their discoveries concerning the molecular structure of nucleic acids and its significance for information transfer in living material""",3-Jan,372,Individual,Francis Harry Compton Crick,6/8/1916,Northampton,United Kingdom,Male,MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology,Cambridge,United Kingdom,7/28/2004,"San Diego, CA",United States of America
1962,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1962,"""for their discoveries concerning the molecular structure of nucleic acids and its significance for information transfer in living material""",3-Jan,373,Individual,James Dewey Watson,4/6/1928,"Chicago, IL",United States of America,Male,Harvard University,"Cambridge, MA",United States of America,,,
1962,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1962,"""for their discoveries concerning the molecular structure of nucleic acids and its significance for information transfer in living material""",3-Jan,374,Individual,Maurice Hugh Frederick Wilkins,12/15/1916,Pongaroa,New Zealand,Male,London University,London,United Kingdom,10/5/2004,London,United Kingdom
1962,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1962,,1-Jan,217,Individual,Linus Carl Pauling,2/28/1901,"Portland, OR",United States of America,Male,California Institute of Technology (Caltech),"Pasadena, CA",United States of America,8/19/1994,"Big Sur, CA",United States of America
1962,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1962,"""for his pioneering theories for condensed matter, especially liquid helium""",1-Jan,77,Individual,Lev Davidovich Landau,1/22/1908,Baku,Russian Empire (Azerbaijan),Male,Academy of Sciences,Moscow,Union of Soviet Socialist Republics,4/1/1968,Moscow,Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (Russia)
1963,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1963,"""for their discoveries in the field of the chemistry and technology of high polymers""",2-Jan,228,Individual,Karl Ziegler,1898-11-26,Helsa,Germany,Male,Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung (Max-Planck-Institute for Carbon Research),Mülheim/Ruhr,Federal Republic of Germany,8/12/1973,Mülheim,West Germany (Germany)
1963,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1963,"""for their discoveries in the field of the chemistry and technology of high polymers""",2-Jan,229,Individual,Giulio Natta,2/26/1903,Imperia,Italy,Male,Institute of Technology,Milan,Italy,5/2/1979,Bergamo,Italy
1963,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 1963,"""for his eminent lyrical writing, inspired by a deep feeling for the Hellenic world of culture""",1-Jan,635,Individual,Giorgos Seferis,3/13/1900,Smyrna (Izmir),Ottoman Empire (Turkey),Male,,,,9/20/1971,Athens,Greece
1963,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1963,"""for their discoveries concerning the ionic mechanisms involved in excitation and inhibition in the peripheral and central portions of the nerve cell membrane""",3-Jan,375,Individual,Sir John Carew Eccles,1/27/1903,Melbourne,Australia,Male,Australian National University,Canberra,Australia,5/2/1997,Contra,Switzerland
1963,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1963,"""for their discoveries concerning the ionic mechanisms involved in excitation and inhibition in the peripheral and central portions of the nerve cell membrane""",3-Jan,376,Individual,Alan Lloyd Hodgkin,2/5/1914,Banbury,United Kingdom,Male,University of Cambridge,Cambridge,United Kingdom,12/20/1998,Cambridge,United Kingdom
1963,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1963,"""for their discoveries concerning the ionic mechanisms involved in excitation and inhibition in the peripheral and central portions of the nerve cell membrane""",3-Jan,377,Individual,Andrew Fielding Huxley,11/22/1917,Hampstead,United Kingdom,Male,University College,London,United Kingdom,5/30/2012,Grantchester,United Kingdom
1963,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1963,,2-Jan,482,Organization,Comité international de la Croix Rouge (International Committee of the Red Cross),,,,,,,,,,
1963,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1963,,2-Jan,523,Organization,Ligue des Sociétés de la Croix-Rouge (League of Red Cross Societies),,,,,,,,,,
1963,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1963,"""for his contributions to the theory of the atomic nucleus and the elementary particles, particularly through the discovery and application of fundamental symmetry principles""",2-Jan,78,Individual,Eugene Paul Wigner,11/17/1902,Budapest,Austria-Hungary (Hungary),Male,Princeton University,"Princeton, NJ",United States of America,1/1/1995,"Princeton, NJ",United States of America
1963,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1963,"""for their discoveries concerning nuclear shell structure""",4-Jan,79,Individual,Maria Goeppert Mayer,6/28/1906,Kattowitz (Katowice),Germany (Poland),Female,University of California,"San Diego, CA",United States of America,2/20/1972,"San Diego, CA",United States of America
1963,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1963,"""for their discoveries concerning nuclear shell structure""",4-Jan,80,Individual,J. Hans D. Jensen,6/25/1907,Hamburg,Germany,Male,University of Heidelberg,Heidelberg,Federal Republic of Germany,2/11/1973,Heidelberg,West Germany (Germany)
1964,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1964,"""for her determinations by X-ray techniques of the structures of important biochemical substances""",1-Jan,230,Individual,Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin,5/12/1910,Cairo,Egypt,Female,"University of Oxford, Royal Society",Oxford,United Kingdom,7/29/1994,Shipston-on-Stour,United Kingdom
1964,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 1964,"""for his work which, rich in ideas and filled with the spirit of freedom and the quest for truth, has exerted a far-reaching influence on our age""",1-Jan,637,Individual,Jean-Paul Sartre,6/21/1905,Paris,France,Male,,,,4/15/1980,Paris,France
1964,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1964,"""for their discoveries concerning the mechanism and regulation of the cholesterol and fatty acid metabolism""",2-Jan,378,Individual,Konrad Bloch,1/21/1912,Neisse (Nysa),Germany (Poland),Male,Harvard University,"Cambridge, MA",United States of America,10/15/2000,"Burlington, MA",United States of America
1964,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1964,"""for their discoveries concerning the mechanism and regulation of the cholesterol and fatty acid metabolism""",2-Jan,379,Individual,Feodor Lynen,4/6/1911,Munich,Germany,Male,Max-Planck-Institut für Zellchemie,Munich,Federal Republic of Germany,8/6/1979,Munich,Germany
1964,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1964,,1-Jan,524,Individual,Martin Luther King Jr.,1/15/1929,"Atlanta, GA",United States of America,Male,,,,4/4/1968,"Memphis, TN",United States of America
1964,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1964,"""for fundamental work in the field of quantum electronics, which has led to the construction of oscillators and amplifiers based on the maser-laser principle""",2-Jan,81,Individual,Charles Hard Townes,7/28/1915,"Greenville, SC",United States of America,Male,Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT),"Cambridge, MA",United States of America,1/27/2015,"Berkeley, CA",United States of America
1964,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1964,"""for fundamental work in the field of quantum electronics, which has led to the construction of oscillators and amplifiers based on the maser-laser principle""",4-Jan,82,Individual,Nicolay Gennadiyevich Basov,12/14/1922,Usman,Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (Russia),Male,P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute,Moscow,Union of Soviet Socialist Republics,7/1/2001,Moscow,Russia
1964,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1964,"""for fundamental work in the field of quantum electronics, which has led to the construction of oscillators and amplifiers based on the maser-laser principle""",4-Jan,83,Individual,Aleksandr Mikhailovich Prokhorov,7/11/1916,Atherton,Australia,Male,P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute,Moscow,Union of Soviet Socialist Republics,1/8/2002,Moscow,Russia
1965,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1965,"""for his outstanding achievements in the art of organic synthesis""",1-Jan,231,Individual,Robert Burns Woodward,4/10/1917,"Boston, MA",United States of America,Male,Harvard University,"Cambridge, MA",United States of America,7/8/1979,"Cambridge, MA",United States of America
1965,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 1965,"""for the artistic power and integrity with which, in his epic of the Don, he has given expression to a historic phase in the life of the Russian people""",1-Jan,638,Individual,Mikhail Aleksandrovich Sholokhov,5/24/1905,Veshenskaya,Russia,Male,,,,2/21/1984,Veshenskaya,Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
1965,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1965,"""for their discoveries concerning genetic control of enzyme and virus synthesis""",3-Jan,380,Individual,François Jacob,6/17/1920,Nancy,France,Male,Institut Pasteur,Paris,France,4/19/2013,Paris,France
1965,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1965,"""for their discoveries concerning genetic control of enzyme and virus synthesis""",3-Jan,381,Individual,André Lwoff,5/8/1902,Ainay-le-Château,France,Male,Institut Pasteur,Paris,France,9/30/1994,Paris,France
1965,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1965,"""for their discoveries concerning genetic control of enzyme and virus synthesis""",3-Jan,382,Individual,Jacques Monod,2/9/1910,Paris,France,Male,Institut Pasteur,Paris,France,5/31/1976,Cannes,France
1965,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1965,,1-Jan,525,Organization,United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF),,,,,,,,,,
1965,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1965,"""for their fundamental work in quantum electrodynamics, with deep-ploughing consequences for the physics of elementary particles""",3-Jan,84,Individual,Sin-Itiro Tomonaga,3/31/1906,Kyoto,Japan,Male,Tokyo University of Education,Tokyo,Japan,7/8/1979,Tokyo,Japan
1965,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1965,"""for their fundamental work in quantum electrodynamics, with deep-ploughing consequences for the physics of elementary particles""",3-Jan,85,Individual,Julian Schwinger,2/12/1918,"New York, NY",United States of America,Male,Harvard University,"Cambridge, MA",United States of America,7/16/1994,"Los Angeles, CA",United States of America
1965,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1965,"""for their fundamental work in quantum electrodynamics, with deep-ploughing consequences for the physics of elementary particles""",3-Jan,86,Individual,Richard P. Feynman,5/11/1918,"New York, NY",United States of America,Male,California Institute of Technology (Caltech),"Pasadena, CA",United States of America,2/15/1988,"Los Angeles, CA",United States of America
1966,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1966,"""for his fundamental work concerning chemical bonds and the electronic structure of molecules by the molecular orbital method""",1-Jan,232,Individual,Robert S. Mulliken,1896-06-07,"Newburyport, MA",United States of America,Male,University of Chicago,"Chicago, IL",United States of America,10/31/1986,"Arlington, VA",United States of America
1966,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 1966,"""for his profoundly characteristic narrative art with motifs from the life of the Jewish people""",2-Jan,639,Individual,Shmuel Yosef Agnon,1888-07-17,Buczacz (Buchach),Austria-Hungary (Ukraine),Male,,,,2/17/1970,Rehovot,Israel
1966,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 1966,"""for her outstanding lyrical and dramatic writing, which interprets Israel's destiny with touching strength"" ",2-Jan,640,Individual,Nelly Sachs,1891-12-10,Berlin,Germany,Female,,,,5/12/1970,Stockholm,Sweden
1966,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1966,"""for his discovery of tumour-inducing viruses""",2-Jan,383,Individual,Peyton Rous,1879-10-05,"Baltimore, MD",United States of America,Male,Rockefeller University,"New York, NY",United States of America,2/16/1972,"New York, NY",United States of America
1966,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1966,"""for his discoveries concerning hormonal treatment of prostatic cancer""",2-Jan,384,Individual,Charles Brenton Huggins,9/22/1901,Halifax,Canada,Male,"University of Chicago, Ben May Laboratory for Cancer Research","Chicago, IL",United States of America,1/12/1997,"Chicago, IL",United States of America
1966,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1966,"""for the discovery and development of optical methods for studying Hertzian resonances in atoms""",1-Jan,87,Individual,Alfred Kastler,5/3/1902,Guebwiller,Germany (France),Male,École Normale Supérieure,Paris,France,1/7/1984,Bandol,France
1967,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1967,"""for their studies of extremely fast chemical reactions, effected by disturbing the equilibrium by means of very short pulses of energy""",2-Jan,233,Individual,Manfred Eigen,5/9/1927,Bochum,Germany,Male,Max-Planck-Institut für Physikalische Chemie,Göttingen,Federal Republic of Germany,,,
1967,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1967,"""for their studies of extremely fast chemical reactions, effected by disturbing the equilibrium by means of very short pulses of energy""",4-Jan,234,Individual,Ronald George Wreyford Norrish,1897-11-09,Cambridge,United Kingdom,Male,Institute of Physical Chemistry,Cambridge,United Kingdom,6/7/1978,Cambridge,United Kingdom
1967,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1967,"""for their studies of extremely fast chemical reactions, effected by disturbing the equilibrium by means of very short pulses of energy""",4-Jan,235,Individual,George Porter,12/6/1920,Stainforth,United Kingdom,Male,Royal Institution of Great Britain,London,United Kingdom,8/31/2002,Canterbury,United Kingdom
1967,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 1967,"""for his vivid literary achievement, deep-rooted in the national traits and traditions of Indian peoples of Latin America""",1-Jan,641,Individual,Miguel Angel Asturias,1899-10-19,Guatemala City,Guatemala,Male,,,,6/9/1974,Madrid,Spain
1967,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1967,"""for their discoveries concerning the primary physiological and chemical visual processes in the eye""",3-Jan,385,Individual,Ragnar Granit,10/30/1900,Helsinki,Russian Empire (Finland),Male,Karolinska Institutet,Stockholm,Sweden,3/12/1991,Stockholm,Sweden
1967,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1967,"""for their discoveries concerning the primary physiological and chemical visual processes in the eye""",3-Jan,386,Individual,Haldan Keffer Hartline,12/22/1903,"Bloomsburg, PA",United States of America,Male,Rockefeller University,"New York, NY",United States of America,3/17/1983,"Fallston, MD",United States of America
1967,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1967,"""for their discoveries concerning the primary physiological and chemical visual processes in the eye""",3-Jan,387,Individual,George Wald,11/18/1906,"New York, NY",United States of America,Male,Harvard University,"Cambridge, MA",United States of America,4/12/1997,"Cambridge, MA",United States of America
1967,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1967,"""for his contributions to the theory of nuclear reactions, especially his discoveries concerning the energy production in stars""",1-Jan,88,Individual,Hans Albrecht Bethe,7/2/1906,Strassburg (Strasbourg),Germany (France),Male,Cornell University,"Ithaca, NY",United States of America,3/6/2005,"Ithaca, NY",United States of America
1968,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1968,"""for the discovery of the reciprocal relations bearing his name, which are fundamental for the thermodynamics of irreversible processes""",1-Jan,236,Individual,Lars Onsager,11/27/1903,Kristiania (Oslo),Norway,Male,Yale University,"New Haven, CT",United States of America,10/5/1976,"Coral Gables, FL",United States of America
1968,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 1968,"""for his narrative mastery, which with great sensibility expresses the essence of the Japanese mind""",1-Jan,642,Individual,Yasunari Kawabata,1899-06-11,Osaka,Japan,Male,,,,4/16/1972,Zushi,Japan
1968,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1968,"""for their interpretation of the genetic code and its function in protein synthesis""",3-Jan,388,Individual,Robert W. Holley,1/28/1922,"Urbana, IL",United States of America,Male,Cornell University,"Ithaca, NY",United States of America,2/11/1993,"Los Gatos, CA",United States of America
1968,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1968,"""for their interpretation of the genetic code and its function in protein synthesis""",3-Jan,389,Individual,Har Gobind Khorana,1/9/1922,Raipur,India,Male,University of Wisconsin,"Madison, WI",United States of America,11/9/2011,"Concord, MA",United States of America
1968,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1968,"""for their interpretation of the genetic code and its function in protein synthesis""",3-Jan,390,Individual,Marshall W. Nirenberg,4/10/1927,"New York, NY",United States of America,Male,National Institutes of Health,"Bethesda, MD",United States of America,1/15/2010,"New York, NY",United States of America
1968,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1968,,1-Jan,526,Individual,René Cassin,1887-10-05,Bayonne,France,Male,,,,2/20/1976,Paris,France
1968,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1968,"""for his decisive contributions to elementary particle physics, in particular the discovery of a large number of resonance states, made possible through his development of the technique of using hydrogen bubble chamber and data analysis""",1-Jan,89,Individual,Luis Walter Alvarez,6/13/1911,"San Francisco, CA",United States of America,Male,University of California,"Berkeley, CA",United States of America,9/1/1988,"Berkeley, CA",United States of America
1969,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1969,"""for their contributions to the development of the concept of conformation and its application in chemistry""",2-Jan,237,Individual,Derek H. R. Barton,9/8/1918,Gravesend,United Kingdom,Male,Imperial College,London,United Kingdom,3/16/1998,"College Station, TX",United States of America
1969,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1969,"""for their contributions to the development of the concept of conformation and its application in chemistry""",2-Jan,238,Individual,Odd Hassel,1897-05-17,Kristiania (Oslo),Norway,Male,University of Oslo,Oslo,Norway,5/11/1981,Oslo,Norway
1969,Economics,The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 1969,"""for having developed and applied dynamic models for the analysis of economic processes""",2-Jan,677,Individual,Ragnar Frisch,1895-03-03,Oslo,Norway,Male,University of Oslo,Oslo,Norway,1/31/1973,Oslo,Norway
1969,Economics,The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 1969,"""for having developed and applied dynamic models for the analysis of economic processes""",2-Jan,678,Individual,Jan Tinbergen,4/12/1903,the Hague,Netherlands,Male,The Netherlands School of Economics,Rotterdam,Netherlands,6/9/1994,the Hague,Netherlands
1969,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 1969,"""for his writing, which - in new forms for the novel and drama - in the destitution of modern man acquires its elevation""",1-Jan,643,Individual,Samuel Beckett,4/13/1906,Dublin,Ireland,Male,,,,12/22/1989,Paris,France
1969,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1969,"""for their discoveries concerning the replication mechanism and the genetic structure of viruses""",3-Jan,391,Individual,Max Delbrück,9/4/1906,Berlin,Germany,Male,California Institute of Technology (Caltech),"Pasadena, CA",United States of America,3/9/1981,"Pasadena, CA",United States of America
1969,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1969,"""for their discoveries concerning the replication mechanism and the genetic structure of viruses""",3-Jan,392,Individual,Alfred D. Hershey,12/4/1908,"Owosso, MI",United States of America,Male,Carnegie Institution of Washington,"Long Island, New York, NY",United States of America,5/22/1997,"Syosset, NY",United States of America
1969,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1969,"""for their discoveries concerning the replication mechanism and the genetic structure of viruses""",3-Jan,393,Individual,Salvador E. Luria,8/13/1912,Torino,Italy,Male,Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT),"Cambridge, MA",United States of America,2/6/1991,"Lexington, MA",United States of America
1969,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1969,,1-Jan,527,Organization,International Labour Organization (I.L.O.),,,,,,,,,,
1969,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1969,"""for his contributions and discoveries concerning the classification of elementary particles and their interactions""",1-Jan,90,Individual,Murray Gell-Mann,9/15/1929,"New York, NY",United States of America,Male,California Institute of Technology (Caltech),"Pasadena, CA",United States of America,,,
1970,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1970,"""for his discovery of sugar nucleotides and their role in the biosynthesis of carbohydrates""",1-Jan,239,Individual,Luis F. Leloir,9/6/1906,Paris,France,Male,Institute for Biochemical Research,Buenos Aires,Argentina,12/2/1987,Buenos Aires,Argentina
1970,Economics,The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 1970,"""for the scientific work through which he has developed static and dynamic economic theory and actively contributed to raising the level of analysis in economic science""",1-Jan,679,Individual,Paul A. Samuelson,5/15/1915,"Gary, IN",United States of America,Male,Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT),"Cambridge, MA",United States of America,12/13/2009,"Belmont, MA",United States of America
1970,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 1970,"""for the ethical force with which he has pursued the indispensable traditions of Russian literature""",1-Jan,644,Individual,Aleksandr Isayevich Solzhenitsyn,12/11/1918,Kislovodsk,Russia,Male,,,,8/3/2008,Troitse-Lykovo,Russia
1970,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1970,"""for their discoveries concerning the humoral transmittors in the nerve terminals and the mechanism for their storage, release and inactivation""",3-Jan,394,Individual,Sir Bernard Katz,3/26/1911,Leipzig,Germany,Male,University College,London,United Kingdom,4/20/2003,London,United Kingdom
1970,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1970,"""for their discoveries concerning the humoral transmittors in the nerve terminals and the mechanism for their storage, release and inactivation""",3-Jan,395,Individual,Ulf von Euler,2/7/1905,Stockholm,Sweden,Male,Karolinska Institutet,Stockholm,Sweden,3/9/1983,Stockholm,Sweden
1970,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1970,"""for their discoveries concerning the humoral transmittors in the nerve terminals and the mechanism for their storage, release and inactivation""",3-Jan,396,Individual,Julius Axelrod,5/30/1912,"New York, NY",United States of America,Male,National Institutes of Health,"Bethesda, MD",United States of America,12/29/2004,"Rockville, MD",United States of America
1970,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1970,,1-Jan,528,Individual,Norman E. Borlaug,3/25/1914,"Cresco, IA",United States of America,Male,,,,9/12/2009,"Dallas, TX",United States of America
1970,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1970,"""for fundamental work and discoveries in magnetohydro-dynamics with fruitful applications in different parts of plasma physics""",2-Jan,91,Individual,Hannes Olof Gösta Alfvén,5/30/1908,Norrköping,Sweden,Male,Royal Institute of Technology,Stockholm,Sweden,4/2/1995,Djursholm,Sweden
1970,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1970,"""for fundamental work and discoveries concerning antiferromagnetism and ferrimagnetism which have led to important applications in solid state physics""",2-Jan,92,Individual,Louis Eugène Félix Néel,11/22/1904,Lyon,France,Male,University of Grenoble,Grenoble,France,11/17/2000,Brive-Corrèze,France
1971,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1971,"""for his contributions to the knowledge of electronic structure and geometry of molecules, particularly free radicals""",1-Jan,240,Individual,Gerhard Herzberg,12/25/1904,Hamburg,Germany,Male,National Research Council of Canada,Ottawa,Canada,3/3/1999,Ottawa,Canada
1971,Economics,The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 1971,"""for his empirically founded interpretation of economic growth which has led to new and deepened insight into the economic and social structure and process of development""",1-Jan,680,Individual,Simon Kuznets,4/30/1901,Pinsk,Russian Empire (Belarus),Male,Harvard University,"Cambridge, MA",United States of America,7/8/1985,"Cambridge, MA",United States of America
1971,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 1971,"""for a poetry that with the action of an elemental force brings alive a continent's destiny and dreams""",1-Jan,645,Individual,Pablo Neruda,7/12/1904,Parral,Chile,Male,,,,9/23/1973,Santiago,Chile
1971,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1971,"""for his discoveries concerning the mechanisms of the action of hormones""",1-Jan,397,Individual,"Earl W. Sutherland, Jr.",11/19/1915,"Burlingame, KS",United States of America,Male,Vanderbilt University,"Nashville, TN",United States of America,3/9/1974,"Miami, FL",United States of America
1971,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1971,,1-Jan,529,Individual,Willy Brandt,12/18/1913,Lübeck,Germany,Male,,,,10/8/1992,Unkel,Germany
1971,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1971,"""for his invention and development of the holographic method""",1-Jan,93,Individual,Dennis Gabor,6/5/1900,Budapest,Hungary,Male,Imperial College,London,United Kingdom,2/8/1979,London,United Kingdom
1972,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1972,"""for his work on ribonuclease, especially concerning the connection between the amino acid sequence and the biologically active conformation""",2-Jan,241,Individual,Christian B. Anfinsen,3/26/1916,"Monessen, PA",United States of America,Male,National Institutes of Health,"Bethesda, MD",United States of America,5/14/1995,"Randallstown, MD",United States of America
1972,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1972,"""for their contribution to the understanding of the connection between chemical structure and catalytic activity of the active centre of the ribonuclease molecule""",4-Jan,242,Individual,Stanford Moore,9/4/1913,"Chicago, IL",United States of America,Male,Rockefeller University,"New York, NY",United States of America,8/23/1982,"New York, NY",United States of America
1972,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1972,"""for their contribution to the understanding of the connection between chemical structure and catalytic activity of the active centre of the ribonuclease molecule""",4-Jan,243,Individual,William H. Stein,6/25/1911,"New York, NY",United States of America,Male,Rockefeller University,"New York, NY",United States of America,2/2/1980,"New York, NY",United States of America
1972,Economics,The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 1972,"""for their pioneering contributions to general economic equilibrium theory and welfare theory""",2-Jan,681,Individual,John R. Hicks,4/8/1904,Warwick,United Kingdom,Male,All Souls College,Oxford,United Kingdom,5/20/1989,Blockley,United Kingdom
1972,Economics,The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 1972,"""for their pioneering contributions to general economic equilibrium theory and welfare theory""",2-Jan,682,Individual,Kenneth J. Arrow,8/23/1921,"New York, NY",United States of America,Male,Harvard University,"Cambridge, MA",United States of America,,,
1972,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 1972,"""for his writing which through its combination of a broad perspective on his time and a sensitive skill in characterization has contributed to a renewal of German literature""",1-Jan,647,Individual,Heinrich Böll,12/21/1917,Cologne,Germany,Male,,,,7/16/1985,Bornheim-Merten,West Germany (Germany)
1972,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1972,"""for their discoveries concerning the chemical structure of antibodies""",2-Jan,398,Individual,Gerald M. Edelman,7/1/1929,"New York, NY",United States of America,Male,Rockefeller University,"New York, NY",United States of America,5/17/2014,"La Jolla, CA",United States of America
1972,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1972,"""for their discoveries concerning the chemical structure of antibodies""",2-Jan,399,Individual,Rodney R. Porter,10/8/1917,Newton-le-Willows,United Kingdom,Male,University of Oxford,Oxford,United Kingdom,9/6/1985,Winchester,United Kingdom
1972,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1972,"""for their jointly developed theory of superconductivity, usually called the BCS-theory""",3-Jan,66,Individual,John Bardeen,5/23/1908,"Madison, WI",United States of America,Male,University of Illinois,"Urbana, IL",United States of America,1/30/1991,"Boston, MA",United States of America
1972,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1972,"""for their jointly developed theory of superconductivity, usually called the BCS-theory""",3-Jan,95,Individual,Leon Neil Cooper,2/28/1930,"New York, NY",United States of America,Male,Brown University,"Providence, RI",United States of America,,,
1972,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1972,"""for their jointly developed theory of superconductivity, usually called the BCS-theory""",3-Jan,96,Individual,John Robert Schrieffer,5/31/1931,"Oak Park, IL",United States of America,Male,University of Pennsylvania,"Philadelphia, PA",United States of America,,,
1973,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1973,"""for their pioneering work, performed independently, on the chemistry of the organometallic, so called sandwich compounds""",2-Jan,244,Individual,Ernst Otto Fischer,11/10/1918,Munich,Germany,Male,Technical University,Munich,Federal Republic of Germany,7/23/2007,Munich,Germany
1973,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1973,"""for their pioneering work, performed independently, on the chemistry of the organometallic, so called sandwich compounds""",2-Jan,245,Individual,Geoffrey Wilkinson,7/14/1921,Todmorden,United Kingdom,Male,Imperial College,London,United Kingdom,9/26/1996,London,United Kingdom
1973,Economics,The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 1973,"""for the development of the input-output method and for its application to important economic problems""",1-Jan,683,Individual,Wassily Leontief,8/5/1906,St. Petersburg,Russia,Male,Harvard University,"Cambridge, MA",United States of America,2/5/1999,"New York, NY",United States of America
1973,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 1973,"""for an epic and psychological narrative art which has introduced a new continent into literature""",1-Jan,648,Individual,Patrick White,5/28/1912,London,United Kingdom,Male,,,,9/30/1990,Sydney,Australia
1973,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1973,"""for their discoveries concerning organization and elicitation of individual and social behaviour patterns""",3-Jan,400,Individual,Karl von Frisch,1886-11-20,Vienna,Austria,Male,Zoologisches Institut der Universität München,Munich,Federal Republic of Germany,6/12/1982,Munich,West Germany (Germany)
1973,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1973,"""for their discoveries concerning organization and elicitation of individual and social behaviour patterns""",3-Jan,401,Individual,Konrad Lorenz,11/7/1903,Vienna,Austria,Male,"Konrad-Lorenz-Institut der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissen­schaften, Forschungsstelle für Ethologie",Altenberg; Grünau im Almtal,Austria,2/27/1989,Vienna,Austria
1973,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1973,"""for their discoveries concerning organization and elicitation of individual and social behaviour patterns""",3-Jan,402,Individual,Nikolaas Tinbergen,4/15/1907,the Hague,Netherlands,Male,University of Oxford,Oxford,United Kingdom,12/21/1988,Oxford,United Kingdom
1973,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1973,,2-Jan,530,Individual,Henry A. Kissinger,5/27/1923,Fürth,Germany,Male,,,,,,
1973,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1973,,2-Jan,531,Organization,Le Duc Tho,10/14/1911,Nam Ha province,Vietnam,Male,,,,10/13/1990,Hanoi,Vietnam
1973,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1973,"""for their experimental discoveries regarding tunneling phenomena in semiconductors and superconductors, respectively""",4-Jan,97,Individual,Leo Esaki,3/12/1925,Osaka,Japan,Male,IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center,"Yorktown Heights, NY",United States of America,,,
1973,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1973,"""for their experimental discoveries regarding tunneling phenomena in semiconductors and superconductors, respectively""",4-Jan,98,Individual,Ivar Giaever,4/5/1929,Bergen,Norway,Male,General Electric Company,"Schenectady, NY",United States of America,,,
1973,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1973,"""for his theoretical predictions of the properties of a supercurrent through a tunnel barrier, in particular those phenomena which are generally known as the Josephson effects""",2-Jan,99,Individual,Brian David Josephson,1/4/1940,Cardiff,United Kingdom,Male,University of Cambridge,Cambridge,United Kingdom,,,
1974,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1974,"""for his fundamental achievements, both theoretical and experimental, in the physical chemistry of the macromolecules""",1-Jan,246,Individual,Paul J. Flory,6/19/1910,"Sterling, IL",United States of America,Male,Stanford University,"Stanford, CA",United States of America,9/8/1985,"Big Sur, CA",United States of America
1974,Economics,The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 1974,"""for their pioneering work in the theory of money and economic fluctuations and for their penetrating analysis of the interdependence of economic, social and institutional phenomena""",2-Jan,684,Individual,Gunnar Myrdal,1898-12-06,Skattungbyn,Sweden,Male,,,,5/17/1987,Stockholm,Sweden
1974,Economics,The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 1974,"""for their pioneering work in the theory of money and economic fluctuations and for their penetrating analysis of the interdependence of economic, social and institutional phenomena""",2-Jan,685,Individual,Friedrich August von Hayek,1899-05-08,Vienna,Austria,Male,,,,3/23/1992,Freiburg,Germany
1974,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 1974,"""for a narrative art, far-seeing in lands and ages, in the service of freedom""",2-Jan,649,Individual,Eyvind Johnson,7/29/1900,Svartbjörnsbyn,Sweden,Male,,,,8/25/1976,Stockholm,Sweden
1974,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 1974,"""for writings that catch the dewdrop and reflect the cosmos""",2-Jan,650,Individual,Harry Martinson,5/6/1904,Jämshög,Sweden,Male,,,,2/11/1978,Stockholm,Sweden
1974,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1974,"""for their discoveries concerning the structural and functional organization of the cell""",3-Jan,403,Individual,Albert Claude,1898-08-24,Longlier,Belgium,Male,Université Catholique de Louvain,Louvain,Belgium,5/22/1983,Brussels,Belgium
1974,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1974,"""for their discoveries concerning the structural and functional organization of the cell""",3-Jan,404,Individual,Christian de Duve,10/2/1917,Thames Ditton,United Kingdom,Male,Rockefeller University,"New York, NY",United States of America,5/4/2013,Nethen,Belgium
1974,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1974,"""for their discoveries concerning the structural and functional organization of the cell""",3-Jan,404,Individual,Christian de Duve,10/2/1917,Thames Ditton,United Kingdom,Male,Université Catholique de Louvain,Louvain,Belgium,5/4/2013,Nethen,Belgium
1974,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1974,"""for their discoveries concerning the structural and functional organization of the cell""",3-Jan,405,Individual,George E. Palade,11/19/1912,Iasi,Romania,Male,"Yale University, School of Medicine","New Haven, CT",United States of America,10/7/2008,"Del Mar, CA",United States of America
1974,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1974,,2-Jan,532,Individual,Seán MacBride,1/26/1904,Paris,France,Male,,,,1/15/1988,Dublin,Ireland
1974,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1974,,2-Jan,533,Individual,Eisaku Sato,3/27/1901,Tabuse,Japan,Male,,,,6/3/1975,Tokyo,Japan
1974,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1974,"""for their pioneering research in radio astrophysics: Ryle for his observations and inventions, in particular of the aperture synthesis technique, and Hewish for his decisive role in the discovery of pulsars""",2-Jan,100,Individual,Sir Martin Ryle,9/27/1918,Brighton,United Kingdom,Male,University of Cambridge,Cambridge,United Kingdom,10/14/1984,Cambridge,United Kingdom
1974,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1974,"""for their pioneering research in radio astrophysics: Ryle for his observations and inventions, in particular of the aperture synthesis technique, and Hewish for his decisive role in the discovery of pulsars""",2-Jan,101,Individual,Antony Hewish,5/11/1924,Fowey,United Kingdom,Male,University of Cambridge,Cambridge,United Kingdom,,,
1975,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1975,"""for his work on the stereochemistry of enzyme-catalyzed reactions""",2-Jan,247,Individual,John Warcup Cornforth,9/7/1917,Sydney,Australia,Male,University of Sussex,Brighton,United Kingdom,12/8/2013,,
1975,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1975,"""for his research into the stereochemistry of organic molecules and reactions""",2-Jan,248,Individual,Vladimir Prelog,7/23/1906,Sarajevo,Austria-Hungary (Bosnia and Herzegovina),Male,Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology),Zurich,Switzerland,1/7/1998,Zurich,Switzerland
1975,Economics,The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 1975,"""for their contributions to the theory of optimum allocation of resources""",2-Jan,686,Individual,Leonid Vitaliyevich Kantorovich,1/19/1912,St. Petersburg,Russian Empire (Russia),Male,Academy of Sciences,Moscow,Union of Soviet Socialist Republics,4/7/1986,Moscow,Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (Russia)
1975,Economics,The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 1975,"""for their contributions to the theory of optimum allocation of resources""",2-Jan,687,Individual,Tjalling C. Koopmans,8/28/1910,'s Graveland,Netherlands,Male,Yale University,"New Haven, CT",United States of America,2/26/1985,"New Haven, CT",United States of America
1975,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 1975,"""for his distinctive poetry which, with great artistic sensitivity, has interpreted human values under the sign of an outlook on life with no illusions""",1-Jan,651,Individual,Eugenio Montale,1896-10-12,Genoa,Italy,Male,,,,9/12/1981,Milan,Italy
1975,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1975,"""for their discoveries concerning the interaction between tumour viruses and the genetic material of the cell""",3-Jan,406,Individual,David Baltimore,3/7/1938,"New York, NY",United States of America,Male,Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT),"Cambridge, MA",United States of America,,,
1975,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1975,"""for their discoveries concerning the interaction between tumour viruses and the genetic material of the cell""",3-Jan,407,Individual,Renato Dulbecco,2/22/1914,Catanzaro,Italy,Male,Imperial Cancer Research Fund Laboratory,London,United Kingdom,2/19/2012,"La Jolla, CA",United States of America
1975,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1975,"""for their discoveries concerning the interaction between tumour viruses and the genetic material of the cell""",3-Jan,408,Individual,Howard Martin Temin,12/10/1934,"Philadelphia, PA",United States of America,Male,University of Wisconsin,"Madison, WI",United States of America,2/9/1994,"Madison, WI",United States of America
1975,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1975,,1-Jan,534,Individual,Andrei Dmitrievich Sakharov,5/21/1921,Moscow,Russia,Male,,,,12/14/1989,Moscow,Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (Russia)
1975,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1975,"""for the discovery of the connection between collective motion and particle motion in atomic nuclei and the development of the theory of the structure of the atomic nucleus based on this connection""",3-Jan,102,Individual,Aage Niels Bohr,6/19/1922,Copenhagen,Denmark,Male,Niels Bohr Institute,Copenhagen,Denmark,9/8/2009,Copenhagen,Denmark
1975,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1975,"""for the discovery of the connection between collective motion and particle motion in atomic nuclei and the development of the theory of the structure of the atomic nucleus based on this connection""",3-Jan,103,Individual,Ben Roy Mottelson,7/9/1926,"Chicago, IL",United States of America,Male,Nordita,Copenhagen,Denmark,,,
1975,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1975,"""for the discovery of the connection between collective motion and particle motion in atomic nuclei and the development of the theory of the structure of the atomic nucleus based on this connection""",3-Jan,104,Individual,Leo James Rainwater,12/9/1917,"Council, ID",United States of America,Male,Columbia University,"New York, NY",United States of America,3/31/1986,"Yonkers, NY",United States of America
1976,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1976,"""for his studies on the structure of boranes illuminating problems of chemical bonding""",1-Jan,249,Individual,William N. Lipscomb,12/9/1919,"Cleveland, OH",United States of America,Male,Harvard University,"Cambridge, MA",United States of America,4/14/2011,"Cambridge, MA",United States of America
1976,Economics,The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 1976,"""for his achievements in the fields of consumption analysis, monetary history and theory and for his demonstration of the complexity of stabilization policy""",1-Jan,688,Individual,Milton Friedman,7/31/1912,"Brooklyn, NY",United States of America,Male,University of Chicago,"Chicago, IL",United States of America,11/16/2006,"San Francisco, CA",United States of America
1976,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 1976,"""for the human understanding and subtle analysis of contemporary culture that are combined in his work""",1-Jan,652,Individual,Saul Bellow,6/10/1915,Montreal,Canada,Male,,,,4/5/2005,"Brookline, MA",United States of America
1976,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1976,"""for their discoveries concerning new mechanisms for the origin and dissemination of infectious diseases""",2-Jan,409,Individual,Baruch S. Blumberg,7/28/1925,"New York, NY",United States of America,Male,The Institute for Cancer Research,"Philadelphia, PA",United States of America,4/5/2011,"Moffett Field, CA",United States of America
1976,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1976,"""for their discoveries concerning new mechanisms for the origin and dissemination of infectious diseases""",2-Jan,410,Individual,D. Carleton Gajdusek,9/9/1923,"Yonkers, NY",United States of America,Male,National Institutes of Health,"Bethesda, MD",United States of America,12/12/2008,Tromsø,Norway
1976,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1976,,2-Jan,535,Individual,Betty Williams,5/22/1943,Belfast,Northern Ireland,Female,,,,,,
1976,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1976,,2-Jan,536,Individual,Mairead Corrigan,1/27/1944,Belfast,Northern Ireland,Female,,,,,,
1976,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1976,"""for their pioneering work in the discovery of a heavy elementary particle of a new kind""",2-Jan,105,Individual,Burton Richter,3/22/1931,"Brooklyn, NY",United States of America,Male,Stanford Linear Accelerator Center,"Stanford, CA",United States of America,,,
1976,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1976,"""for their pioneering work in the discovery of a heavy elementary particle of a new kind""",2-Jan,106,Individual,Samuel Chao Chung Ting,1/27/1936,"Ann Arbor, MI",United States of America,Male,Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT),"Cambridge, MA",United States of America,,,
1977,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1977,"""for his contributions to non-equilibrium thermodynamics, particularly the theory of dissipative structures""",1-Jan,250,Individual,Ilya Prigogine,1/25/1917,Moscow,Russia,Male,Université Libre de Bruxelles,Brussels,Belgium,5/28/2003,Brussels,Belgium
1977,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1977,"""for his contributions to non-equilibrium thermodynamics, particularly the theory of dissipative structures""",1-Jan,250,Individual,Ilya Prigogine,1/25/1917,Moscow,Russia,Male,University of Texas,"Austin, TX",United States of America,5/28/2003,Brussels,Belgium
1977,Economics,The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 1977,"""for their pathbreaking contribution to the theory of international trade and international capital movements""",2-Jan,689,Individual,Bertil Ohlin,1899-04-23,Klippan,Sweden,Male,Stockholm School of Economics,Stockholm,Sweden,8/3/1979,Vålådalen,Sweden
1977,Economics,The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 1977,"""for their pathbreaking contribution to the theory of international trade and international capital movements""",2-Jan,690,Individual,James E. Meade,6/23/1907,Swanage,United Kingdom,Male,University of Cambridge,Cambridge,United Kingdom,12/22/1995,Cambridge,United Kingdom
1977,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 1977,"""for a creative poetic writing which illuminates man's condition in the cosmos and in present-day society, at the same time representing the great renewal of the traditions of Spanish poetry between the wars""",1-Jan,653,Individual,Vicente Aleixandre,1898-04-26,Sevilla,Spain,Male,,,,12/14/1984,Madrid,Spain
1977,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1977,"""for their discoveries concerning the peptide hormone production of the brain""",4-Jan,411,Individual,Roger Guillemin,1/11/1924,Dijon,France,Male,The Salk Institute,"San Diego, CA",United States of America,,,
1977,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1977,"""for their discoveries concerning the peptide hormone production of the brain""",4-Jan,412,Individual,Andrew V. Schally,11/30/1926,Wilno (Vilnius),Poland (Lithuania),Male,Veterans Administration Hospital,"New Orleans, LA",United States of America,,,
1977,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1977,"""for the development of radioimmunoassays of peptide hormones""",2-Jan,413,Individual,Rosalyn Yalow,7/19/1921,"New York, NY",United States of America,Female,Veterans Administration Hospital,"Bronx, NY",United States of America,5/30/2011,"New York, NY",United States of America
1977,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1977,,1-Jan,537,Organization,Amnesty International,,,,,,,,,,
1977,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1977,"""for their fundamental theoretical investigations of the electronic structure of magnetic and disordered systems""",3-Jan,107,Individual,Philip Warren Anderson,12/13/1923,"Indianapolis, IN",United States of America,Male,Bell Telephone Laboratories,"Murray Hill, NJ",United States of America,,,
1977,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1977,"""for their fundamental theoretical investigations of the electronic structure of magnetic and disordered systems""",3-Jan,108,Individual,Sir Nevill Francis Mott,9/30/1905,Leeds,United Kingdom,Male,University of Cambridge,Cambridge,United Kingdom,8/8/1996,Milton Keynes,United Kingdom
1977,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1977,"""for their fundamental theoretical investigations of the electronic structure of magnetic and disordered systems""",3-Jan,109,Individual,John Hasbrouck van Vleck,1899-03-13,"Middletown, CT",United States of America,Male,Harvard University,"Cambridge, MA",United States of America,10/27/1980,"Cambridge, MA",United States of America
1978,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1978,"""for his contribution to the understanding of biological energy transfer through the formulation of the chemiosmotic theory""",1-Jan,251,Individual,Peter D. Mitchell,9/29/1920,Mitcham,United Kingdom,Male,Glynn Research Laboratories,Bodmin,United Kingdom,4/10/1992,Bodmin,United Kingdom
1978,Economics,The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 1978,"""for his pioneering research into the decision-making process within economic organizations""",1-Jan,691,Individual,Herbert A. Simon,6/15/1916,"Milwaukee, WI",United States of America,Male,Carnegie Mellon University,"Pittsburgh, PA",United States of America,2/9/2001,"Pittsburgh, PA",United States of America
1978,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 1978,"""for his impassioned narrative art which, with roots in a Polish-Jewish cultural tradition, brings universal human conditions to life""",1-Jan,654,Individual,Isaac Bashevis Singer,7/14/1904,Leoncin,Russian Empire (Poland),Male,,,,7/24/1991,"Surfside, FL",United States of America
1978,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1978,"""for the discovery of restriction enzymes and their application to problems of molecular genetics""",3-Jan,414,Individual,Werner Arber,6/3/1929,Gränichen,Switzerland,Male,Biozentrum der Universität,Basel,Switzerland,,,
1978,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1978,"""for the discovery of restriction enzymes and their application to problems of molecular genetics""",3-Jan,415,Individual,Daniel Nathans,10/30/1928,"Wilmington, DE",United States of America,Male,Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine,"Baltimore, MD",United States of America,11/16/1999,"Baltimore, MD",United States of America
1978,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1978,"""for the discovery of restriction enzymes and their application to problems of molecular genetics""",3-Jan,416,Individual,Hamilton O. Smith,8/23/1931,"New York, NY",United States of America,Male,Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine,"Baltimore, MD",United States of America,,,
1978,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1978,,2-Jan,538,Individual,Mohamed Anwar al-Sadat,12/25/1918,Mit Abu al-Kawm,Egypt,Male,,,,10/6/1981,Cairo,Egypt
1978,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1978,,2-Jan,539,Individual,Menachem Begin,8/16/1913,Brest Litovsk,Russian Empire (Belarus),Male,,,,3/9/1992,Tel Aviv,Israel
1978,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1978,"""for his basic inventions and discoveries in the area of low-temperature physics""",2-Jan,110,Individual,Pyotr Leonidovich Kapitsa,1894-07-09,Kronshtadt,Russian Empire (Russia),Male,Academy of Sciences,Moscow,Union of Soviet Socialist Republics,4/8/1984,Moscow,Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (Russia)
1978,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1978,"""for their discovery of cosmic microwave background radiation""",4-Jan,111,Individual,Arno Allan Penzias,4/26/1933,Munich,Germany,Male,Bell Laboratories,"Holmdel, NJ",United States of America,,,
1978,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1978,"""for their discovery of cosmic microwave background radiation""",4-Jan,112,Individual,Robert Woodrow Wilson,1/10/1936,"Houston, TX",United States of America,Male,Bell Laboratories,"Holmdel, NJ",United States of America,,,
1979,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1979,"""for their development of the use of boron- and phosphorus-containing compounds, respectively, into important reagents in organic synthesis""",2-Jan,252,Individual,Herbert C. Brown,5/22/1912,London,United Kingdom,Male,Purdue University,"West Lafayette, IN",United States of America,12/19/2004,"Lafayette, IN",United States of America
1979,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1979,"""for their development of the use of boron- and phosphorus-containing compounds, respectively, into important reagents in organic synthesis""",2-Jan,253,Individual,Georg Wittig,1897-06-16,Berlin,Germany,Male,University of Heidelberg,Heidelberg,Federal Republic of Germany,8/26/1987,Heidelberg,West Germany (Germany)
1979,Economics,The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 1979,"""for their pioneering research into economic development research with particular consideration of the problems of developing countries""",2-Jan,692,Individual,Theodore W. Schultz,4/30/1902,"Arlington, SD",United States of America,Male,University of Chicago,"Chicago, IL",United States of America,2/26/1998,"Evanston, IL",United States of America
1979,Economics,The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 1979,"""for their pioneering research into economic development research with particular consideration of the problems of developing countries""",2-Jan,693,Individual,Sir Arthur Lewis,1/23/1915,Castries,British West Indies (Saint Lucia),Male,Princeton University,"Princeton, NJ",United States of America,6/15/1991,Bridgetown,Barbados
1979,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 1979,"""for his poetry, which, against the background of Greek tradition, depicts with sensuous strength and intellectual clear-sightedness modern man's struggle for freedom and creativeness""",1-Jan,655,Individual,Odysseus Elytis,11/2/1911,Iráklion,Crete (Greece),Male,,,,3/18/1996,Athens,Greece
1979,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1979,"""for the development of computer assisted tomography""",2-Jan,417,Individual,Allan M. Cormack,2/23/1924,Johannesburg,South Africa,Male,Tufts University,"Medford, MA",United States of America,5/7/1998,"Winchester, MA",United States of America
1979,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1979,"""for the development of computer assisted tomography""",2-Jan,418,Individual,Godfrey N. Hounsfield,8/28/1919,Newark,United Kingdom,Male,"Central Research Laboratories, EMI",London,United Kingdom,8/12/2004,Kingston upon Thames,United Kingdom
1979,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1979,,1-Jan,540,Organization,Mother Teresa,8/26/1910,Uskup (Skopje),Ottoman Empire (Republic of Macedonia),Female,,,,9/5/1997,Calcutta,India
1979,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1979,"""for their contributions to the theory of the unified weak and electromagnetic interaction between elementary particles, including, inter alia, the prediction of the weak neutral current""",3-Jan,113,Individual,Sheldon Lee Glashow,12/5/1932,"New York, NY",United States of America,Male,"Harvard University, Lyman Laboratory","Cambridge, MA",United States of America,,,
1979,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1979,"""for their contributions to the theory of the unified weak and electromagnetic interaction between elementary particles, including, inter alia, the prediction of the weak neutral current""",3-Jan,114,Individual,Abdus Salam,1/29/1926,Jhang Maghi&#257;na,India (Pakistan),Male,International Centre for Theoretical Physics,Trieste,Italy,11/21/1996,Oxford,United Kingdom
1979,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1979,"""for their contributions to the theory of the unified weak and electromagnetic interaction between elementary particles, including, inter alia, the prediction of the weak neutral current""",3-Jan,114,Individual,Abdus Salam,1/29/1926,Jhang Maghi&#257;na,India (Pakistan),Male,Imperial College,London,United Kingdom,11/21/1996,Oxford,United Kingdom
1979,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1979,"""for their contributions to the theory of the unified weak and electromagnetic interaction between elementary particles, including, inter alia, the prediction of the weak neutral current""",3-Jan,115,Individual,Steven Weinberg,5/3/1933,"New York, NY",United States of America,Male,Harvard University,"Cambridge, MA",United States of America,,,
1980,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1980,"""for their contributions concerning the determination of base sequences in nucleic acids""",4-Jan,222,Individual,Frederick Sanger,8/13/1918,Rendcombe,United Kingdom,Male,MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology,Cambridge,United Kingdom,11/19/2013,Cambridge,United Kingdom
1980,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1980,"""for his fundamental studies of the biochemistry of nucleic acids, with particular regard to recombinant-DNA""",2-Jan,254,Individual,Paul Berg,6/30/1926,"New York, NY",United States of America,Male,Stanford University,"Stanford, CA",United States of America,,,
1980,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1980,"""for their contributions concerning the determination of base sequences in nucleic acids""",4-Jan,255,Individual,Walter Gilbert,3/21/1932,"Boston, MA",United States of America,Male,"Harvard University, Biological Laboratories","Cambridge, MA",United States of America,,,
1980,Economics,The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 1980,"""for the creation of econometric models and the application to the analysis of economic fluctuations and economic policies""",1-Jan,694,Individual,Lawrence R. Klein,9/14/1920,"Omaha, NE",United States of America,Male,University of Pennsylvania,"Philadelphia, PA",United States of America,10/20/2013,"Gladwyne, PA",United States of America
1980,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 1980,"""who with uncompromising clear-sightedness voices man's exposed condition in a world of severe conflicts""",1-Jan,657,Individual,Czeslaw Milosz,6/30/1911,&#346;eteniai,Russian Empire (Lithuania),Male,,,,8/14/2004,Kraków,Poland
1980,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1980,"""for their discoveries concerning genetically determined structures on the cell surface that regulate immunological reactions""",3-Jan,419,Individual,Baruj Benacerraf,10/29/1920,Caracas,Venezuela,Male,Harvard Medical School,"Boston, MA",United States of America,8/2/2011,"Boston, MA",United States of America
1980,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1980,"""for their discoveries concerning genetically determined structures on the cell surface that regulate immunological reactions""",3-Jan,420,Individual,Jean Dausset,10/19/1916,Toulouse,France,Male,"Université de Paris, Laboratoire Immuno-Hématologie",Paris,France,6/6/2009,"Palma, Majorca",Spain
1980,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1980,"""for their discoveries concerning genetically determined structures on the cell surface that regulate immunological reactions""",3-Jan,421,Individual,George D. Snell,12/19/1903,"Bradford, MA",United States of America,Male,Jackson Laboratory,"Bar Harbor, ME",United States of America,6/6/1996,"Bar Harbor, ME",United States of America
1980,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1980,,1-Jan,541,Individual,Adolfo Pérez Esquivel,11/26/1931,Buenos Aires,Argentina,Male,,,,,,
1980,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1980,"""for the discovery of violations of fundamental symmetry principles in the decay of neutral K-mesons""",2-Jan,116,Individual,James Watson Cronin,9/29/1931,"Chicago, IL",United States of America,Male,University of Chicago,"Chicago, IL",United States of America,8/25/2016,"St. Paul, MN",United States of America
1980,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1980,"""for the discovery of violations of fundamental symmetry principles in the decay of neutral K-mesons""",2-Jan,117,Individual,Val Logsdon Fitch,3/10/1923,"Merriman, NE",United States of America,Male,Princeton University,"Princeton, NJ",United States of America,2/5/2015,"Princeton, NJ",United States of America
1981,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1981,"""for their theories, developed independently, concerning the course of chemical reactions""",2-Jan,257,Individual,Kenichi Fukui,10/4/1918,Nara,Japan,Male,Kyoto University,Kyoto,Japan,1/9/1998,Kyoto,Japan
1981,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1981,"""for their theories, developed independently, concerning the course of chemical reactions""",2-Jan,258,Individual,Roald Hoffmann,7/18/1937,Zloczov,Poland (Ukraine),Male,Cornell University,"Ithaca, NY",United States of America,,,
1981,Economics,The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 1981,"""for his analysis of financial markets and their relations to expenditure decisions, employment, production and prices""",1-Jan,695,Individual,James Tobin,3/5/1918,"Champaign, IL",United States of America,Male,Yale University,"New Haven, CT",United States of America,3/11/2002,"New Haven, CT",United States of America
1981,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 1981,"""for writings marked by a broad outlook, a wealth of ideas and artistic power""",1-Jan,658,Individual,Elias Canetti,7/25/1905,Ruse,Bulgaria,Male,,,,8/14/1994,Zurich,Switzerland
1981,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1981,"""for his discoveries concerning the functional specialization of the cerebral hemispheres""",2-Jan,422,Individual,Roger W. Sperry,8/20/1913,"Hartford, CT",United States of America,Male,California Institute of Technology (Caltech),"Pasadena, CA",United States of America,4/17/1994,"Pasadena, CA",United States of America
1981,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1981,"""for their discoveries concerning information processing in the visual system""",4-Jan,423,Individual,David H. Hubel,2/27/1926,"Windsor, ON",Canada,Male,Harvard Medical School,"Boston, MA",United States of America,9/22/2013,"Lincoln, MA",United States of America
1981,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1981,"""for their discoveries concerning information processing in the visual system""",4-Jan,424,Individual,Torsten N. Wiesel,6/3/1924,Uppsala,Sweden,Male,Harvard Medical School,"Boston, MA",United States of America,,,
1981,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1981,,1-Jan,515,Organization,Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR),,,,,,,,,,
1981,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1981,"""for their contribution to the development of laser spectroscopy""",4-Jan,118,Individual,Nicolaas Bloembergen,3/11/1920,Dordrecht,Netherlands,Male,Harvard University,"Cambridge, MA",United States of America,,,
1981,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1981,"""for their contribution to the development of laser spectroscopy""",4-Jan,119,Individual,Arthur Leonard Schawlow,5/5/1921,"Mount Verno, NY",United States of America,Male,Stanford University,"Stanford, CA",United States of America,4/28/1999,"Palo Alto, CA",United States of America
1981,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1981,"""for his contribution to the development of high-resolution electron spectroscopy""",2-Jan,120,Individual,Kai M. Siegbahn,4/20/1918,Lund,Sweden,Male,Uppsala University,Uppsala,Sweden,7/20/2007,Ängelholm,Sweden
1982,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1982,"""for his development of crystallographic electron microscopy and his structural elucidation of biologically important nucleic acid-protein complexes""",1-Jan,259,Individual,Aaron Klug,8/11/1926,Zelvas,Lithuania,Male,MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology,Cambridge,United Kingdom,,,
1982,Economics,The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 1982,"""for his seminal studies of industrial structures, functioning of markets and causes and effects of public regulation""",1-Jan,696,Individual,George J. Stigler,1/17/1911,"Renton, WA",United States of America,Male,University of Chicago,"Chicago, IL",United States of America,12/1/1991,"Chicago, IL",United States of America
1982,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 1982,"""for his novels and short stories, in which the fantastic and the realistic are combined in a richly composed world of imagination, reflecting a continent's life and conflicts""",1-Jan,659,Individual,Gabriel García Márquez,3/6/1927,Aracataca,Colombia,Male,,,,4/17/2014,Mexico City,Mexico
1982,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1982,"""for their discoveries concerning prostaglandins and related biologically active substances""",3-Jan,425,Individual,Sune K. Bergström,1/10/1916,Stockholm,Sweden,Male,Karolinska Institutet,Stockholm,Sweden,8/15/2004,Stockholm,Sweden
1982,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1982,"""for their discoveries concerning prostaglandins and related biologically active substances""",3-Jan,426,Individual,Bengt I. Samuelsson,5/21/1934,Halmstad,Sweden,Male,Karolinska Institutet,Stockholm,Sweden,,,
1982,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1982,"""for their discoveries concerning prostaglandins and related biologically active substances""",3-Jan,427,Individual,John R. Vane,3/29/1927,Tardebigg,United Kingdom,Male,The Wellcome Research Laboratories,Beckenham,United Kingdom,11/19/2004,Farnborough,United Kingdom
1982,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1982,,2-Jan,543,Individual,Alva Myrdal,1/31/1902,Uppsala,Sweden,Female,,,,2/1/1986,Stockholm,Sweden
1982,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1982,,2-Jan,544,Individual,Alfonso García Robles,3/20/1911,Zamora,Mexico,Male,,,,9/2/1991,Mexico City,Mexico
1982,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1982,"""for his theory for critical phenomena in connection with phase transitions""",1-Jan,121,Individual,Kenneth G. Wilson,6/8/1936,"Waltham, MA",United States of America,Male,Cornell University,"Ithaca, NY",United States of America,6/15/2013,"Saco, ME",United States of America
1983,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1983,"""for his work on the mechanisms of electron transfer reactions, especially in metal complexes""",1-Jan,260,Individual,Henry Taube,11/30/1915,Neudorf,Canada,Male,Stanford University,"Stanford, CA",United States of America,11/16/2005,"Stanford, CA",United States of America
1983,Economics,The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 1983,"""for having incorporated new analytical methods into economic theory and for his rigorous reformulation of the theory of general equilibrium""",1-Jan,697,Individual,Gerard Debreu,7/4/1921,Calais,France,Male,University of California,"Berkeley, CA",United States of America,12/31/2004,Paris,France
1983,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 1983,"""for his novels which, with the perspicuity of realistic narrative art and the diversity and universality of myth, illuminate the human condition in the world of today""",1-Jan,660,Individual,William Golding,9/19/1911,St. Columb Minor,United Kingdom,Male,,,,6/19/1993,Perranarworthal,United Kingdom
1983,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1983,"""for her discovery of mobile genetic elements""",1-Jan,428,Individual,Barbara McClintock,6/16/1902,"Hartford, CT",United States of America,Female,Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory,"Cold Spring Harbor, NY",United States of America,9/2/1992,"Huntington, NY",United States of America
1983,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1983,,1-Jan,545,Individual,Lech Walesa,9/29/1943,Popowo,Poland,Male,,,,,,
1983,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1983,"""for his theoretical studies of the physical processes of importance to the structure and evolution of the stars""",2-Jan,122,Individual,Subramanyan Chandrasekhar,10/19/1910,Lahore,India (Pakistan),Male,University of Chicago,"Chicago, IL",United States of America,8/21/1995,"Chicago, IL",United States of America
1983,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1983,"""for his theoretical and experimental studies of the nuclear reactions of importance in the formation of the chemical elements in the universe""",2-Jan,123,Individual,William Alfred Fowler,8/9/1911,"Pittsburgh, PA",United States of America,Male,California Institute of Technology (Caltech),"Pasadena, CA",United States of America,3/14/1995,"Pasadena, CA",United States of America
1984,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1984,"""for his development of methodology for chemical synthesis on a solid matrix""",1-Jan,261,Individual,Robert Bruce Merrifield,7/15/1921,"Fort Worth, TX",United States of America,Male,Rockefeller University,"New York, NY",United States of America,5/14/2006,"Cresskill, NJ",United States of America
1984,Economics,The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 1984,"""for having made fundamental contributions to the development of systems of national accounts and hence greatly improved the basis for empirical economic analysis""",1-Jan,698,Individual,Richard Stone,8/30/1913,London,United Kingdom,Male,University of Cambridge,Cambridge,United Kingdom,12/6/1991,Cambridge,United Kingdom
1984,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 1984,"""for his poetry which endowed with freshness, sensuality and rich inventiveness provides a liberating image of the indomitable spirit and versatility of man""",1-Jan,661,Individual,Jaroslav Seifert,9/23/1901,Prague,Austria-Hungary (Czech Republic),Male,,,,1/10/1986,Prague,Czechoslovakia
1984,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1984,"""for theories concerning the specificity in development and control of the immune system and the discovery of the principle for production of monoclonal antibodies""",3-Jan,429,Individual,Niels K. Jerne,12/23/1911,London,United Kingdom,Male,Basel Institute for Immunology,Basel,Switzerland,10/7/1994,Castillon-du-Gard,France
1984,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1984,"""for theories concerning the specificity in development and control of the immune system and the discovery of the principle for production of monoclonal antibodies""",3-Jan,430,Individual,Georges J.F. Köhler,4/17/1946,Munich,Germany,Male,Basel Institute for Immunology,Basel,Switzerland,3/1/1995,Freiburg im Breisgau,Germany
1984,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1984,"""for theories concerning the specificity in development and control of the immune system and the discovery of the principle for production of monoclonal antibodies""",3-Jan,431,Individual,César Milstein,10/8/1927,Bahia Blanca,Argentina,Male,MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology,Cambridge,United Kingdom,3/24/2002,Cambridge,United Kingdom
1984,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1984,,1-Jan,546,Individual,Desmond Mpilo Tutu,10/7/1931,Klerksdorp,South Africa,Male,,,,,,
1984,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1984,"""for their decisive contributions to the large project, which led to the discovery of the field particles W and Z, communicators of weak interaction""",2-Jan,124,Individual,Carlo Rubbia,3/31/1934,Gorizia,Italy,Male,CERN,Geneva,Switzerland,,Geneva,Switzerland
1984,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1984,"""for their decisive contributions to the large project, which led to the discovery of the field particles W and Z, communicators of weak interaction""",2-Jan,125,Individual,Simon van der Meer,11/24/1925,the Hague,Netherlands,Male,CERN,Geneva,Switzerland,3/4/2011,Geneva,Switzerland
1985,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1985,"""for their outstanding achievements in the development of direct methods for the determination of crystal structures""",2-Jan,262,Individual,Herbert A. Hauptman,2/14/1917,"New York, NY",United States of America,Male,The Medical Foundation of Buffalo,"Buffalo, NY",United States of America,10/23/2011,"Buffalo, NY",United States of America
1985,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1985,"""for their outstanding achievements in the development of direct methods for the determination of crystal structures""",2-Jan,263,Individual,Jerome Karle,6/18/1918,"New York, NY",United States of America,Male,US Naval Research Laboratory,"Washington, DC",United States of America,6/6/2013,,
1985,Economics,The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 1985,"""for his pioneering analyses of saving and of financial markets""",1-Jan,699,Individual,Franco Modigliani,6/18/1918,Rome,Italy,Male,Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT),"Cambridge, MA",United States of America,9/25/2003,"Cambridge, MA",United States of America
1985,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 1985,"""who in his novel combines the poet's and the painter's creativeness with a deepened awareness of time in the depiction of the human condition""",1-Jan,662,Individual,Claude Simon,10/10/1913,Tananarive (Antananarivo),Madagascar,Male,,,,7/6/2005,Paris,France
1985,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1985,"""for their discoveries concerning the regulation of cholesterol metabolism""",2-Jan,432,Individual,Michael S. Brown,4/13/1941,"New York, NY",United States of America,Male,University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas,"Dallas, TX",United States of America,,,
1985,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1985,"""for their discoveries concerning the regulation of cholesterol metabolism""",2-Jan,433,Individual,Joseph L. Goldstein,4/18/1940,"Sumter, SC",United States of America,Male,University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas,"Dallas, TX",United States of America,,,
1985,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1985,,1-Jan,547,Organization,International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War,,,,,,,,,,
1985,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1985,"""for the discovery of the quantized Hall effect""",1-Jan,126,Individual,Klaus von Klitzing,6/28/1943,Schroda,German-occupied Poland (Poland),Male,Max-Planck-Institut für Festkörperforschung,Stuttgart,Federal Republic of Germany,,,
1986,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1986,"""for their contributions concerning the dynamics of chemical elementary processes""",3-Jan,264,Individual,Dudley R. Herschbach,6/18/1932,"San José, CA",United States of America,Male,Harvard University,"Cambridge, MA",United States of America,,,
1986,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1986,"""for their contributions concerning the dynamics of chemical elementary processes""",3-Jan,265,Individual,Yuan T. Lee,11/19/1936,Hsinchu,Taiwan,Male,University of California,"Berkeley, CA",United States of America,,,
1986,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1986,"""for their contributions concerning the dynamics of chemical elementary processes""",3-Jan,266,Individual,John C. Polanyi,1/23/1929,Berlin,Germany,Male,University of Toronto,Toronto,Canada,,,
1986,Economics,The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 1986,"""for his development of the contractual and constitutional bases for the theory of economic and political decision-making""",1-Jan,700,Individual,James M. Buchanan Jr.,10/3/1919,"Murfreesboro, TN",United States of America,Male,Center for Study of Public Choice,"Fairfax, VA",United States of America,1/9/2013,"Blacksburg, VA",United States of America
1986,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 1986,"""who in a wide cultural perspective and with poetic overtones fashions the drama of existence""",1-Jan,663,Individual,Wole Soyinka,7/13/1934,Abeokuta,Nigeria,Male,,,,,,
1986,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1986,"""for their discoveries of growth factors""",2-Jan,434,Individual,Stanley Cohen,11/17/1922,"Brooklyn, NY",United States of America,Male,Vanderbilt University School of Medicine,"Nashville, TN",United States of America,,,
1986,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1986,"""for their discoveries of growth factors""",2-Jan,435,Individual,Rita Levi-Montalcini,4/22/1909,Turin,Italy,Female,Institute of Cell Biology of the C.N.R.,Rome,Italy,12/30/2012,Rome,Italy
1986,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1986,,1-Jan,548,Individual,Elie Wiesel,9/30/1928,Sighet,Romania,Male,,,,7/2/2016,"New York, NY",United States of America
1986,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1986,"""for his fundamental work in electron optics, and for the design of the first electron microscope""",2-Jan,127,Individual,Ernst Ruska,12/25/1906,Heidelberg,Germany,Male,Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft,Berlin,Federal Republic of Germany,5/27/1988,West Berlin,Germany
1986,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1986,"""for their design of the scanning tunneling microscope""",4-Jan,128,Individual,Gerd Binnig,7/20/1947,Frankfurt-on-the-Main,West Germany (Germany),Male,IBM Zurich Research Laboratory,Rüschlikon,Switzerland,,,
1986,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1986,"""for their design of the scanning tunneling microscope""",4-Jan,129,Individual,Heinrich Rohrer,6/6/1933,Buchs,Switzerland,Male,IBM Zurich Research Laboratory,Rüschlikon,Switzerland,5/16/2013,Wollerau,Switzerland
1987,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1987,"""for their development and use of molecules with structure-specific interactions of high selectivity""",3-Jan,267,Individual,Donald J. Cram,4/22/1919,"Chester, VT",United States of America,Male,University of California,"Los Angeles, CA",United States of America,6/17/2001,"Palm Desert, CA",United States of America
1987,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1987,"""for their development and use of molecules with structure-specific interactions of high selectivity""",3-Jan,268,Individual,Jean-Marie Lehn,9/30/1939,Rosheim,France,Male,Université Louis Pasteur,Strasbourg,France,,,
1987,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1987,"""for their development and use of molecules with structure-specific interactions of high selectivity""",3-Jan,268,Individual,Jean-Marie Lehn,9/30/1939,Rosheim,France,Male,Collège de France,Paris,France,,,
1987,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1987,"""for their development and use of molecules with structure-specific interactions of high selectivity""",3-Jan,269,Individual,Charles J. Pedersen,10/3/1904,Pusan,Korea (South Korea),Male,Du Pont,"Wilmington, DE",United States of America,10/26/1989,"Salem, NJ",United States of America
1987,Economics,The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 1987,"""for his contributions to the theory of economic growth""",1-Jan,701,Individual,Robert M. Solow,8/23/1924,"Brooklyn, NY",United States of America,Male,Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT),"Cambridge, MA",United States of America,,,
1987,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 1987,"""for an all-embracing authorship, imbued with clarity of thought and poetic intensity""",1-Jan,664,Individual,Joseph Brodsky,5/24/1940,Leningrad (Saint Petersburg),Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (Russia),Male,,,,1/28/1996,"New York, NY",United States of America
1987,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1987,"""for his discovery of the genetic principle for generation of antibody diversity""",1-Jan,436,Individual,Susumu Tonegawa,9/6/1939,Nagoya,Japan,Male,Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT),"Cambridge, MA",United States of America,,,
1987,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1987,"""for his work for peace in Central America, efforts which led to the accord signed in Guatemala on August 7 this year""",1-Jan,549,Individual,Oscar Arias Sánchez,9/13/1941,Heredia,Costa Rica,Male,,,,,,
1987,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1987,"""for their important break-through in the discovery of superconductivity in ceramic materials""",2-Jan,130,Individual,J. Georg Bednorz,5/16/1950,Neuenkirchen,West Germany (Germany),Male,IBM Zurich Research Laboratory,Rüschlikon,Switzerland,,,
1987,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1987,"""for their important break-through in the discovery of superconductivity in ceramic materials""",2-Jan,131,Individual,K. Alexander Müller,4/20/1927,Basel,Switzerland,Male,IBM Zurich Research Laboratory,Rüschlikon,Switzerland,,,
1988,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1988,"""for the determination of the three-dimensional structure of a photosynthetic reaction centre""",3-Jan,270,Individual,Johann Deisenhofer,9/30/1943,Zusamaltheim,Germany,Male,University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas,"Dallas, TX",United States of America,,,
1988,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1988,"""for the determination of the three-dimensional structure of a photosynthetic reaction centre""",3-Jan,270,Individual,Johann Deisenhofer,9/30/1943,Zusamaltheim,Germany,Male,Howard Hughes Medical Institute,,,,,
1988,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1988,"""for the determination of the three-dimensional structure of a photosynthetic reaction centre""",3-Jan,271,Individual,Robert Huber,2/20/1937,Munich,Germany,Male,Max-Planck-Institut für Biochemie,Martinsried,Federal Republic of Germany,,,
1988,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1988,"""for the determination of the three-dimensional structure of a photosynthetic reaction centre""",3-Jan,272,Individual,Hartmut Michel,7/18/1948,Ludwigsburg,West Germany (Germany),Male,Max-Planck-Institut für Biophysik,Frankfurt-on-the-Main,Federal Republic of Germany,,,
1988,Economics,The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 1988,"""for his pioneering contributions to the theory of markets and efficient utilization of resources""",1-Jan,702,Individual,Maurice Allais,5/31/1911,Paris,France,Male,École Nationale Supérieur des Mines de Paris,Paris,France,10/9/2010,Paris,France
1988,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 1988,"""who, through works rich in nuance - now clear-sightedly realistic, now evocatively ambiguous - has formed an Arabian narrative art that applies to all mankind""",1-Jan,665,Individual,Naguib Mahfouz,12/11/1911,Cairo,Egypt,Male,,,,8/30/2006,Cairo,Egypt
1988,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1988,"""for their discoveries of important principles for drug treatment""",3-Jan,437,Individual,Sir James W. Black,6/14/1924,Uddingston,Scotland,Male,"London University, King's College Hospital Medical School",London,United Kingdom,3/21/2010,,
1988,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1988,"""for their discoveries of important principles for drug treatment""",3-Jan,438,Individual,Gertrude B. Elion,1/23/1918,"New York, NY",United States of America,Female,Wellcome Research Laboratories,"Research Triangle Park, NC",United States of America,2/21/1999,"Chapel Hill, NC",United States of America
1988,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1988,"""for their discoveries of important principles for drug treatment""",3-Jan,439,Individual,George H. Hitchings,4/18/1905,"Hoquiam, WA",United States of America,Male,Wellcome Research Laboratories,"Research Triangle Park, NC",United States of America,2/27/1998,"Chapel Hill, NC",United States of America
1988,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1988,,1-Jan,550,Organization,United Nations Peacekeeping Forces,,,,,,,,,,
1988,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1988,"""for the neutrino beam method and the demonstration of the doublet structure of the leptons through the discovery of the muon neutrino""",3-Jan,132,Individual,Leon M. Lederman,7/15/1922,"New York, NY",United States of America,Male,Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory,"Batavia, IL",United States of America,,,
1988,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1988,"""for the neutrino beam method and the demonstration of the doublet structure of the leptons through the discovery of the muon neutrino""",3-Jan,133,Individual,Melvin Schwartz,11/2/1932,"New York, NY",United States of America,Male,"Digital Pathways, Inc.","Mountain View, CA",United States of America,8/28/2006,"Twin Falls, ID",United States of America
1988,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1988,"""for the neutrino beam method and the demonstration of the doublet structure of the leptons through the discovery of the muon neutrino""",3-Jan,134,Individual,Jack Steinberger,5/25/1921,Bad Kissingen,Germany,Male,CERN,Geneva,Switzerland,,,
1989,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1989,"""for their discovery of catalytic properties of RNA""",2-Jan,273,Individual,Sidney Altman,5/7/1939,Montreal,Canada,Male,Yale University,"New Haven, CT",United States of America,,,
1989,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1989,"""for their discovery of catalytic properties of RNA""",2-Jan,274,Individual,Thomas R. Cech,12/8/1947,"Chicago, IL",United States of America,Male,University of Colorado,"Boulder, CO",United States of America,,,
1989,Economics,The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 1989,"""for his clarification of the probability theory foundations of econometrics and his analyses of simultaneous economic structures""",1-Jan,703,Individual,Trygve Haavelmo,12/13/1911,Skedsmo,Norway,Male,University of Oslo,Oslo,Norway,7/26/1999,Oslo,Norway
1989,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 1989,"""for a rich and intensive prose, which with restrained compassion forms a challenging vision of man's vulnerability""",1-Jan,666,Individual,Camilo José Cela,5/11/1916,Iria Flavia,Spain,Male,,,,1/17/2002,Madrid,Spain
1989,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1989,"""for their discovery of the cellular origin of retroviral oncogenes""",2-Jan,440,Individual,J. Michael Bishop,2/22/1936,"York, PA",United States of America,Male,University of California School of Medicine,"San Francisco, CA",United States of America,,,
1989,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1989,"""for their discovery of the cellular origin of retroviral oncogenes""",2-Jan,441,Individual,Harold E. Varmus,12/18/1939,"Oceanside, NY",United States of America,Male,University of California School of Medicine,"San Francisco, CA",United States of America,,,
1989,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1989,,1-Jan,551,Organization,The 14th Dalai Lama (Tenzin Gyatso),7/6/1935,Taktser,Tibet (People's Republic of China),Male,,,,,,
1989,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1989,"""for the invention of the separated oscillatory fields method and its use in the hydrogen maser and other atomic clocks""",2-Jan,135,Individual,Norman F. Ramsey,8/27/1915,"Washington, DC",United States of America,Male,Harvard University,"Cambridge, MA",United States of America,11/4/2011,"Wayland, MA",United States of America
1989,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1989,"""for the development of the ion trap technique""",4-Jan,136,Individual,Hans G. Dehmelt,9/9/1922,Görlitz,Prussia (Germany),Male,University of Washington,"Seattle, WA",United States of America,,,
1989,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1989,"""for the development of the ion trap technique""",4-Jan,137,Individual,Wolfgang Paul,8/10/1913,Lorenzkirch,Germany,Male,University of Bonn,Bonn,Federal Republic of Germany,12/7/1993,Bonn,Germany
1990,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1990,"""for his development of the theory and methodology of organic synthesis""",1-Jan,275,Individual,Elias James Corey,7/12/1928,"Methuen, MA",United States of America,Male,Harvard University,"Cambridge, MA",United States of America,,,
1990,Economics,The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 1990,"""for their pioneering work in the theory of financial economics""",3-Jan,704,Individual,Harry M. Markowitz,8/24/1927,"Chicago, IL",United States of America,Male,City University of New York,"New York, NY",United States of America,,,
1990,Economics,The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 1990,"""for their pioneering work in the theory of financial economics""",3-Jan,705,Individual,Merton H. Miller,5/16/1923,"Boston, MA",United States of America,Male,University of Chicago,"Chicago, IL",United States of America,6/3/2000,"Chicago, IL",United States of America
1990,Economics,The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 1990,"""for their pioneering work in the theory of financial economics""",3-Jan,706,Individual,William F. Sharpe,6/16/1934,"Boston, MA",United States of America,Male,Stanford University,"Stanford, CA",United States of America,,,
1990,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 1990,"""for impassioned writing with wide horizons, characterized by sensuous intelligence and humanistic integrity""",1-Jan,667,Individual,Octavio Paz,3/31/1914,Mexico City,Mexico,Male,,,,4/19/1998,Mexico City,Mexico
1990,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1990,"""for their discoveries concerning organ and cell transplantation in the treatment of human disease""",2-Jan,442,Individual,Joseph E. Murray,4/1/1919,"Milford, MA",United States of America,Male,Brigham and Women's Hospital,"Boston, MA",United States of America,11/26/2012,"Boston, MA",United States of America
1990,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1990,"""for their discoveries concerning organ and cell transplantation in the treatment of human disease""",2-Jan,443,Individual,E. Donnall Thomas,3/15/1920,"Mart, TX",United States of America,Male,Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center,"Seattle, WA",United States of America,10/20/2012,"Seattle, WA",United States of America
1990,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1990,"""for his leading role in the peace process which today characterizes important parts of the international community""",1-Jan,552,Individual,Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev,3/2/1931,Privolnoye,Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (Russia),Male,,,,,,
1990,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1990,"""for their pioneering investigations concerning deep inelastic scattering of electrons on protons and bound neutrons, which have been of essential importance for the development of the quark model in particle physics""",3-Jan,138,Individual,Jerome I. Friedman,3/28/1930,"Chicago, IL",United States of America,Male,Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT),"Cambridge, MA",United States of America,,,
1990,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1990,"""for their pioneering investigations concerning deep inelastic scattering of electrons on protons and bound neutrons, which have been of essential importance for the development of the quark model in particle physics""",3-Jan,139,Individual,Henry W. Kendall,12/9/1926,"Boston, MA",United States of America,Male,Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT),"Cambridge, MA",United States of America,2/15/1999,"Wakulla Springs State Park, FL",United States of America
1990,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1990,"""for their pioneering investigations concerning deep inelastic scattering of electrons on protons and bound neutrons, which have been of essential importance for the development of the quark model in particle physics""",3-Jan,140,Individual,Richard E. Taylor,11/2/1929,"Medicine Hat, Alberta",Canada,Male,Stanford University,"Stanford, CA",United States of America,,,
1991,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1991,"""for his contributions to the development of the methodology of high resolution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy""",1-Jan,276,Individual,Richard R. Ernst,8/14/1933,Winterthur,Switzerland,Male,Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology),Zurich,Switzerland,,,
1991,Economics,The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 1991,"""for his discovery and clarification of the significance of transaction costs and property rights for the institutional structure and functioning of the economy""",1-Jan,707,Individual,Ronald H. Coase,12/29/1910,Willesden,United Kingdom,Male,University of Chicago,"Chicago, IL",United States of America,9/2/2013,"Chicago, IL",United States of America
1991,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 1991,"""who through her magnificent epic writing has - in the words of Alfred Nobel - been of very great benefit to humanity""",1-Jan,668,Individual,Nadine Gordimer,11/20/1923,Springs,South Africa,Female,,,,7/13/2014,Johannesburg,South Africa
1991,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1991,"""for their discoveries concerning the function of single ion channels in cells""",2-Jan,444,Individual,Erwin Neher,3/20/1944,Landsberg,Germany,Male,Max-Planck-Institut für Biophysikalische Chemie,Göttingen,Federal Republic of Germany,,,
1991,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1991,"""for their discoveries concerning the function of single ion channels in cells""",2-Jan,445,Individual,Bert Sakmann,6/12/1942,Stuttgart,Germany,Male,Max-Planck-Institut für medizinische Forschung,Heidelberg,Federal Republic of Germany,,,
1991,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1991,"""for her non-violent struggle for democracy and human rights""",1-Jan,553,Organization,Aung San Suu Kyi,6/19/1945,Rangoon (Yangon),Burma (Myanmar),Female,,,,,,
1991,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1991,"""for discovering that methods developed for studying order phenomena in simple systems can be generalized to more complex forms of matter, in particular to liquid crystals and polymers""",1-Jan,141,Individual,Pierre-Gilles de Gennes,10/24/1932,Paris,France,Male,Collège de France,Paris,France,5/18/2007,Orsay,France
1992,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1992,"""for his contributions to the theory of electron transfer reactions in chemical systems""",1-Jan,277,Individual,Rudolph A. Marcus,7/21/1923,Montreal,Canada,Male,California Institute of Technology (Caltech),"Pasadena, CA",United States of America,,,
1992,Economics,The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 1992,"""for having extended the domain of microeconomic analysis to a wide range of human behaviour and interaction, including nonmarket behaviour""",1-Jan,708,Individual,Gary S. Becker,12/2/1930,"Pottsville, PA",United States of America,Male,University of Chicago,"Chicago, IL",United States of America,5/3/2014,"Chicago, IL",United States of America
1992,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 1992,"""for a poetic oeuvre of great luminosity, sustained by a historical vision, the outcome of a multicultural commitment""",1-Jan,669,Individual,Derek Walcott,1/23/1930,Castries,Saint Lucia,Male,,,,,,
1992,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1992,"""for their discoveries concerning reversible protein phosphorylation as a biological regulatory mechanism""",2-Jan,446,Individual,Edmond H. Fischer,4/6/1920,Shanghai,China,Male,University of Washington,"Seattle, WA",United States of America,,,
1992,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1992,"""for their discoveries concerning reversible protein phosphorylation as a biological regulatory mechanism""",2-Jan,447,Individual,Edwin G. Krebs,6/6/1918,"Lansing, IA",United States of America,Male,University of Washington,"Seattle, WA",United States of America,12/21/2009,"Seattle, WA",United States of America
1992,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1992,"""in recognition of her work for social justice and ethno-cultural reconciliation based on respect for the rights of indigenous peoples""",1-Jan,554,Individual,Rigoberta Menchú Tum,1/9/1959,Aldea Chimel,Guatemala,Female,,,,,,
1992,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1992,"""for his invention and development of particle detectors, in particular the multiwire proportional chamber""",1-Jan,142,Individual,Georges Charpak,8/1/1924,Dabrovica,Poland,Male,École Supérieure de Physique et Chimie,Paris,France,9/29/2010,Paris,France
1992,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1992,"""for his invention and development of particle detectors, in particular the multiwire proportional chamber""",1-Jan,142,Individual,Georges Charpak,8/1/1924,Dabrovica,Poland,Male,CERN,Geneva,Switzerland,9/29/2010,Paris,France
1993,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1993,"""for contributions to the developments of methods within DNA-based chemistry; for his invention of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method""",2-Jan,278,Individual,Kary B. Mullis,12/28/1944,"Lenoir, NC",United States of America,Male,,"La Jolla, CA",United States of America,,,
1993,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1993,"""for contributions to the developments of methods within DNA-based chemistry; for his fundamental contributions to the establishment of oligonucleotide-based, site-directed mutagenesis and its development for protein studies""",2-Jan,279,Individual,Michael Smith,4/26/1932,Blackpool,United Kingdom,Male,University of British Columbia,Vancouver,Canada,10/4/2000,Vancouver,Canada
1993,Economics,The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 1993,"""for having renewed research in economic history by applying economic theory and quantitative methods in order to explain economic and institutional change""",2-Jan,709,Individual,Robert W. Fogel,7/1/1927,"New York, NY",United States of America,Male,University of Chicago,"Chicago, IL",United States of America,6/11/2013,"Oak Lawn, IL",United States of America
1993,Economics,The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 1993,"""for having renewed research in economic history by applying economic theory and quantitative methods in order to explain economic and institutional change""",2-Jan,710,Individual,Douglass C. North,11/5/1920,"Cambridge, MA",United States of America,Male,Washington University,"St. Louis, MO",United States of America,11/23/2015,"Benzonia, MI",United States of America
1993,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 1993,"""who in novels characterized by visionary force and poetic import, gives life to an essential aspect of American reality""",1-Jan,670,Individual,Toni Morrison,2/18/1931,"Lorain, OH",United States of America,Female,,,,,,
1993,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1993,"""for their discoveries of split genes""",2-Jan,448,Individual,Richard J. Roberts,9/6/1943,Derby,United Kingdom,Male,New England Biolabs,"Beverly, MA",United States of America,,,
1993,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1993,"""for their discoveries of split genes""",2-Jan,449,Individual,Phillip A. Sharp,6/6/1944,"Falmouth, KY",United States of America,Male,"Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Center for Cancer Research","Cambridge, MA",United States of America,,,
1993,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1993,"""for their work for the peaceful termination of the apartheid regime, and for laying the foundations for a new democratic South Africa""",2-Jan,555,Individual,Nelson Mandela,7/18/1918,Qunu,South Africa,Male,,,,12/5/2013,Johannesburg,South Africa
1993,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1993,"""for their work for the peaceful termination of the apartheid regime, and for laying the foundations for a new democratic South Africa""",2-Jan,556,Individual,Frederik Willem de Klerk,3/18/1936,Johannesburg,South Africa,Male,,,,,,
1993,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1993,"""for the discovery of a new type of pulsar, a discovery that has opened up new possibilities for the study of gravitation""",2-Jan,143,Individual,Russell A. Hulse,11/28/1950,"New York, NY",United States of America,Male,Princeton University,"Princeton, NJ",United States of America,,,
1993,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1993,"""for the discovery of a new type of pulsar, a discovery that has opened up new possibilities for the study of gravitation""",2-Jan,144,Individual,Joseph H. Taylor Jr.,3/29/1941,"Philadelphia, PA",United States of America,Male,Princeton University,"Princeton, NJ",United States of America,,,
1994,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1994,"""for his contribution to carbocation chemistry""",1-Jan,280,Individual,George A. Olah,5/22/1927,Budapest,Hungary,Male,University of Southern California,"Los Angeles, CA",United States of America,,,
1994,Economics,The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 1994,"""for their pioneering analysis of equilibria in the theory of non-cooperative games""",3-Jan,711,Individual,John C. Harsanyi,5/29/1920,Budapest,Hungary,Male,University of California,"Berkeley, CA",United States of America,8/9/2000,"Berkeley, CA",United States of America
1994,Economics,The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 1994,"""for their pioneering analysis of equilibria in the theory of non-cooperative games""",3-Jan,712,Individual,John F. Nash Jr.,6/13/1928,"Bluefield, WV",United States of America,Male,Princeton University,"Princeton, NJ",United States of America,5/23/2015,"New Jersey, NJ",United States of America
1994,Economics,The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 1994,"""for their pioneering analysis of equilibria in the theory of non-cooperative games""",3-Jan,713,Individual,Reinhard Selten,10/5/1930,Breslau (Wroclaw),Germany (Poland),Male,Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität,Bonn,Federal Republic of Germany,8/23/2016,Poznan,Poland
1994,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 1994,"""who with poetic force creates an imagined world, where life and myth condense to form a disconcerting picture of the human predicament today""",1-Jan,671,Individual,Kenzaburo Oe,1/31/1935,Uchiko,Japan,Male,,,,,,
1994,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1994,"""for their discovery of G-proteins and the role of these proteins in signal transduction in cells""",2-Jan,450,Individual,Alfred G. Gilman,7/1/1941,"New Haven, CT",United States of America,Male,University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas,"Dallas, TX",United States of America,12/23/2015,"Dallas, TX",United States of America
1994,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1994,"""for their discovery of G-proteins and the role of these proteins in signal transduction in cells""",2-Jan,451,Individual,Martin Rodbell,12/1/1925,"Baltimore, MD",United States of America,Male,National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences,"Research Triangle Park, NC",United States of America,12/7/1998,"Chapel Hill, NC",United States of America
1994,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1994,"""for their efforts to create peace in the Middle East""",3-Jan,557,Individual,Yasser Arafat,8/24/1929,Cairo,Egypt,Male,,,,11/11/2004,,
1994,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1994,"""for their efforts to create peace in the Middle East""",3-Jan,558,Individual,Shimon Peres,8/16/1923,Vishneva,Poland (Belarus),Male,,,,9/28/2016,Tel Aviv,Israel
1994,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1994,"""for their efforts to create peace in the Middle East""",3-Jan,559,Individual,Yitzhak Rabin,3/1/1922,Jerusalem,British Mandate of Palestine (Israel),Male,,,,11/4/1995,Tel Aviv,Israel
1994,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1994,"""for pioneering contributions to the development of neutron scattering techniques for studies of condensed matter; for the development of neutron spectroscopy""",2-Jan,145,Individual,Bertram N. Brockhouse,7/15/1918,"Lethbridge, Alberta",Canada,Male,McMaster University,"Hamilton, Ontario",Canada,10/13/2003,"Hamilton, Ontario",Canada
1994,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1994,"""for pioneering contributions to the development of neutron scattering techniques for studies of condensed matter; for the development of the neutron diffraction technique""",2-Jan,146,Individual,Clifford G. Shull,9/23/1915,"Pittsburgh, PA",United States of America,Male,Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT),"Cambridge, MA",United States of America,3/31/2001,"Medford, MA",United States of America
1995,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1995,"""for their work in atmospheric chemistry, particularly concerning the formation and decomposition of ozone""",3-Jan,281,Individual,Paul J. Crutzen,12/3/1933,Amsterdam,Netherlands,Male,Max-Planck-Institut für Chemie,Mainz,Federal Republic of Germany,,,
1995,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1995,"""for their work in atmospheric chemistry, particularly concerning the formation and decomposition of ozone""",3-Jan,282,Individual,Mario J. Molina,3/19/1943,Mexico City,Mexico,Male,Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT),"Cambridge, MA",United States of America,,,
1995,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1995,"""for their work in atmospheric chemistry, particularly concerning the formation and decomposition of ozone""",3-Jan,283,Individual,F. Sherwood Rowland,6/28/1927,"Delaware, OH",United States of America,Male,University of California,"Irvine, CA",United States of America,3/10/2012,"Corona del Mar, CA",United States of America
1995,Economics,The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 1995,"""for having developed and applied the hypothesis of rational expectations, and thereby having transformed macroeconomic analysis and deepened our understanding of economic policy""",1-Jan,714,Individual,Robert E. Lucas Jr.,9/15/1937,"Yakima, WA",United States of America,Male,University of Chicago,"Chicago, IL",United States of America,,,
1995,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 1995,"""for works of lyrical beauty and ethical depth, which exalt everyday miracles and the living past""",1-Jan,672,Individual,Seamus Heaney,4/13/1939,Casteldàwson,Northern Ireland,Male,,,,8/30/2013,Dublin,Ireland
1995,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1995,"""for their discoveries concerning the genetic control of early embryonic development""",3-Jan,452,Individual,Edward B. Lewis,5/20/1918,"Wilkes-Barre, PA",United States of America,Male,California Institute of Technology (Caltech),"Pasadena, CA",United States of America,7/21/2004,"Pasadena, CA",United States of America
1995,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1995,"""for their discoveries concerning the genetic control of early embryonic development""",3-Jan,453,Individual,Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard,10/20/1942,Magdeburg,Germany,Female,Max-Planck-Institut für Entwicklungsbiologie,Tübingen,Federal Republic of Germany,,,
1995,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1995,"""for their discoveries concerning the genetic control of early embryonic development""",3-Jan,454,Individual,Eric F. Wieschaus,6/8/1947,"South Bend, IN",United States of America,Male,Princeton University,"Princeton, NJ",United States of America,,,
1995,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1995,"""for their efforts to diminish the part played by nuclear arms in international politics and, in the longer run, to eliminate such arms""",2-Jan,560,Individual,Joseph Rotblat,11/4/1908,Warsaw,Russian Empire (Poland),Male,,,,8/31/2005,London,United Kingdom
1995,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1995,"""for their efforts to diminish the part played by nuclear arms in international politics and, in the longer run, to eliminate such arms""",2-Jan,561,Organization,Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs,,,,,,,,,,
1995,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1995,"""for pioneering contributions to the development of neutron scattering techniques for studies of condensed matter; for the discovery of the tau lepton""",2-Jan,147,Individual,Martin L. Perl,6/24/1927,"New York, NY",United States of America,Male,Stanford University,"Stanford, CA",United States of America,9/30/2014,"Palo Alto, CA",United States of America
1995,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1995,"""for pioneering contributions to the development of neutron scattering techniques for studies of condensed matter; for the detection of the neutrino""",2-Jan,148,Individual,Frederick Reines,3/16/1918,"Paterson, NJ",United States of America,Male,University of California,"Irvine, CA",United States of America,8/26/1998,"Orange, CA",United States of America
1996,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1996,"""for their discovery of fullerenes""",3-Jan,284,Individual,Robert F. Curl Jr.,8/23/1933,"Alice, TX",United States of America,Male,Rice University,"Houston, TX",United States of America,,,
1996,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1996,"""for their discovery of fullerenes""",3-Jan,285,Individual,Sir Harold W. Kroto,10/7/1939,Wisbech,United Kingdom,Male,University of Sussex,Brighton,United Kingdom,4/30/2016,"Lewes, East Sussex",United Kingdom
1996,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1996,"""for their discovery of fullerenes""",3-Jan,286,Individual,Richard E. Smalley,6/6/1943,"Akron, OH",United States of America,Male,Rice University,"Houston, TX",United States of America,10/28/2005,"Houston, TX",United States of America
1996,Economics,The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 1996,"""for their fundamental contributions to the economic theory of incentives under asymmetric information""",2-Jan,715,Individual,James A. Mirrlees,7/5/1936,Minnigaff,Scotland,Male,University of Cambridge,Cambridge,United Kingdom,,,
1996,Economics,The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 1996,"""for their fundamental contributions to the economic theory of incentives under asymmetric information""",2-Jan,716,Individual,William Vickrey,6/21/1914,"Victoria, BC",Canada,Male,Columbia University,"New York, NY",United States of America,10/11/1996,"Harrison, NY",United States of America
1996,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 1996,"""for poetry that with ironic precision allows the historical and biological context to come to light in fragments of human reality""",1-Jan,673,Individual,Wislawa Szymborska,7/2/1923,Bnin (Kórnik),Poland,Female,,,,2/1/2012,Kraków,Poland
1996,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1996,"""for their discoveries concerning the specificity of the cell mediated immune defence""",2-Jan,455,Individual,Peter C. Doherty,10/15/1940,Brisbane,Australia,Male,St. Jude Children's Research Hospital,"Memphis, TN",United States of America,,,
1996,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1996,"""for their discoveries concerning the specificity of the cell mediated immune defence""",2-Jan,456,Individual,Rolf M. Zinkernagel,1/6/1944,Basel,Switzerland,Male,"University of Zurich, Institute of Experimental Immunology",Zurich,Switzerland,,,
1996,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1996,"""for their work towards a just and peaceful solution to the conflict in East Timor""",2-Jan,562,Individual,Carlos Filipe Ximenes Belo,2/3/1948,Wailacama,East Timor,Male,,,,,,
1996,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1996,"""for their work towards a just and peaceful solution to the conflict in East Timor""",2-Jan,563,Individual,José Ramos-Horta,12/26/1949,Dili,East Timor,Male,,,,,,
1996,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1996,"""for their discovery of superfluidity in helium-3""",3-Jan,149,Individual,David M. Lee,1/20/1931,"Rye, NY",United States of America,Male,Cornell University,"Ithaca, NY",United States of America,,,
1996,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1996,"""for their discovery of superfluidity in helium-3""",3-Jan,150,Individual,Douglas D. Osheroff,8/1/1945,"Aberdeen, WA",United States of America,Male,Stanford University,"Stanford, CA",United States of America,,,
1996,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1996,"""for their discovery of superfluidity in helium-3""",3-Jan,151,Individual,Robert C. Richardson,6/26/1937,"Washington, DC",United States of America,Male,Cornell University,"Ithaca, NY",United States of America,2/19/2013,"Ithaca, NY",United States of America
1997,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1997,"""for their elucidation of the enzymatic mechanism underlying the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)""",4-Jan,287,Individual,Paul D. Boyer,7/31/1918,"Provo, UT",United States of America,Male,University of California,"Los Angeles, CA",United States of America,,,
1997,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1997,"""for their elucidation of the enzymatic mechanism underlying the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)""",4-Jan,288,Individual,John E. Walker,1/7/1941,Halifax,United Kingdom,Male,MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology,Cambridge,United Kingdom,,,
1997,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1997,"""for the first discovery of an ion-transporting enzyme, Na+, K+ -ATPase""",2-Jan,289,Individual,Jens C. Skou,10/8/1918,Lemvig,Denmark,Male,Aarhus University,Aarhus,Denmark,,,
1997,Economics,The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 1997,"""for a new method to determine the value of derivatives""",2-Jan,717,Individual,Robert C. Merton,7/31/1944,"New York, NY",United States of America,Male,Harvard University,"Cambridge, MA",United States of America,,,
1997,Economics,The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 1997,"""for a new method to determine the value of derivatives""",2-Jan,718,Individual,Myron S. Scholes,7/1/1941,"Timmins, ON",Canada,Male,Long Term Capital Management,"Greenwich, CT",United States of America,,,
1997,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 1997,"""who emulates the jesters of the Middle Ages in scourging authority and upholding the dignity of the downtrodden""",1-Jan,674,Individual,Dario Fo,3/24/1926,Leggiuno-Sangiano,Italy,Male,,,,10/13/2016,Milano,Italy
1997,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1997,"""for his discovery of Prions - a new biological principle of infection""",1-Jan,457,Individual,Stanley B. Prusiner,5/28/1942,"Des Moines, IA",United States of America,Male,University of California School of Medicine,"San Francisco, CA",United States of America,,,
1997,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1997,"""for their work for the banning and clearing of anti-personnel mines""",2-Jan,564,Organization,International Campaign to Ban Landmines (ICBL),,,,,,,,,,
1997,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1997,"""for their work for the banning and clearing of anti-personnel mines""",2-Jan,565,Individual,Jody Williams,10/9/1950,"Putney, VT",United States of America,Female,,,,,,
1997,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1997,"""for development of methods to cool and trap atoms with laser light""",3-Jan,152,Individual,Steven Chu,2/28/1948,"St. Louis, MO",United States of America,Male,Stanford University,"Stanford, CA",United States of America,,,
1997,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1997,"""for development of methods to cool and trap atoms with laser light""",3-Jan,153,Individual,Claude Cohen-Tannoudji,4/1/1933,Constantine,French Algeria (Algeria),Male,Collège de France,Paris,France,,,
1997,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1997,"""for development of methods to cool and trap atoms with laser light""",3-Jan,153,Individual,Claude Cohen-Tannoudji,4/1/1933,Constantine,French Algeria (Algeria),Male,École Normale Supérieure,Paris,France,,,
1997,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1997,"""for development of methods to cool and trap atoms with laser light""",3-Jan,154,Individual,William D. Phillips,11/5/1948,"Wilkes-Barre, PA",United States of America,Male,National Institute of Standards and Technology,"Gaithersburg, MD",United States of America,,,
1998,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1998,"""for his development of the density-functional theory""",2-Jan,290,Individual,Walter Kohn,3/9/1923,Vienna,Austria,Male,University of California,"Santa Barbara, CA",United States of America,4/19/2016,"Santa Barbara, CA",United States of America
1998,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1998,"""for his development of computational methods in quantum chemistry""",2-Jan,291,Individual,John A. Pople,10/31/1925,Burnham-on-Sea,United Kingdom,Male,Northwestern University,"Evanston, IL",United States of America,3/15/2004,"Chicago, IL",United States of America
1998,Economics,The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 1998,"""for his contributions to welfare economics""",1-Jan,719,Individual,Amartya Sen,11/3/1933,Santiniketan,India,Male,Trinity College,Cambridge,United Kingdom,,,
1998,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 1998,"""who with parables sustained by imagination, compassion and irony continually enables us once again to apprehend an elusory reality""",1-Jan,675,Individual,José Saramago,11/16/1922,Azinhaga,Portugal,Male,,,,6/18/2010,Lanzarote,Spain
1998,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1998,"""for their discoveries concerning nitric oxide as a signalling molecule in the cardiovascular system""",3-Jan,458,Individual,Robert F. Furchgott,6/4/1916,"Charleston, SC",United States of America,Male,SUNY Health Science Center,"Brooklyn, NY",United States of America,5/19/2009,"Seattle, WA",United States of America
1998,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1998,"""for their discoveries concerning nitric oxide as a signalling molecule in the cardiovascular system""",3-Jan,459,Individual,Louis J. Ignarro,5/31/1941,"Brooklyn, NY",United States of America,Male,University of California School of Medicine,"Los Angeles, CA",United States of America,,,
1998,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1998,"""for their discoveries concerning nitric oxide as a signalling molecule in the cardiovascular system""",3-Jan,460,Individual,Ferid Murad,9/14/1936,"Whiting, IN",United States of America,Male,University of Texas Medical School at Houston,"Houston, TX",United States of America,,,
1998,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1998,"""for their efforts to find a peaceful solution to the conflict in Northern Ireland""",2-Jan,566,Individual,John Hume,1/18/1937,Londonderry,Northern Ireland,Male,,,,,,
1998,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1998,"""for their efforts to find a peaceful solution to the conflict in Northern Ireland""",2-Jan,567,Individual,David Trimble,10/15/1944,Belfast,Northern Ireland,Male,,,,,,
1998,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1998,"""for their discovery of a new form of quantum fluid with fractionally charged excitations""",3-Jan,155,Individual,Robert B. Laughlin,11/1/1950,"Visalia, CA",United States of America,Male,Stanford University,"Stanford, CA",United States of America,,,
1998,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1998,"""for their discovery of a new form of quantum fluid with fractionally charged excitations""",3-Jan,156,Individual,Horst L. Störmer,4/6/1949,Frankfurt-on-the-Main,West Germany (Germany),Male,Columbia University,"New York, NY",United States of America,,,
1998,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1998,"""for their discovery of a new form of quantum fluid with fractionally charged excitations""",3-Jan,157,Individual,Daniel C. Tsui,2/28/1939,Henan,China,Male,Princeton University,"Princeton, NJ",United States of America,,,
1999,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1999,"""for his studies of the transition states of chemical reactions using femtosecond spectroscopy""",1-Jan,292,Individual,Ahmed H. Zewail,2/26/1946,Damanhur,Egypt,Male,California Institute of Technology (Caltech),"Pasadena, CA",United States of America,8/2/2016,,
1999,Economics,The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 1999,"""for his analysis of monetary and fiscal policy under different exchange rate regimes and his analysis of optimum currency areas""",1-Jan,720,Individual,Robert A. Mundell,10/24/1932,"Kingston, ON",Canada,Male,Columbia University,"New York, NY",United States of America,,,
1999,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 1999,"""whose frolicsome black fables portray the forgotten face of history""",1-Jan,676,Individual,Günter Grass,10/16/1927,Danzig (Gdansk),Free City of Danzig (Poland),Male,,,,4/13/2015,Lübeck,Germany
1999,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1999,"""for the discovery that proteins have intrinsic signals that govern their transport and localization in the cell""",1-Jan,461,Individual,Günter Blobel,5/21/1936,Waltersdorf (Niegoslawice),Germany (Poland),Male,Rockefeller University,"New York, NY",United States of America,,,
1999,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1999,"""for the discovery that proteins have intrinsic signals that govern their transport and localization in the cell""",1-Jan,461,Individual,Günter Blobel,5/21/1936,Waltersdorf (Niegoslawice),Germany (Poland),Male,Howard Hughes Medical Institute,,,,,
1999,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1999,"""in recognition of the organization's pioneering humanitarian work on several continents""",1-Jan,568,Organization,Médecins Sans Frontières,,,,,,,,,,
1999,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1999,"""for elucidating the quantum structure of electroweak interactions in physics""",2-Jan,158,Individual,Gerardus 't Hooft,7/5/1946,Den Helder,Netherlands,Male,Utrecht University,Utrecht,Netherlands,,,
1999,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1999,"""for elucidating the quantum structure of electroweak interactions in physics""",2-Jan,159,Individual,Martinus J.G. Veltman,6/27/1931,Waalwijk,Netherlands,Male,,Bilthoven,Netherlands,,,
2000,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2000,"""for the discovery and development of conductive polymers""",3-Jan,729,Individual,Alan J. Heeger,1/22/1936,"Sioux City, IA",United States of America,Male,University of California,"Santa Barbara, CA",United States of America,,,
2000,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2000,"""for the discovery and development of conductive polymers""",3-Jan,730,Individual,Alan G. MacDiarmid,4/14/1927,Masterton,New Zealand,Male,University of Pennsylvania,"Philadelphia, PA",United States of America,2/7/2007,"Drexel Hill, PA",United States of America
2000,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2000,"""for the discovery and development of conductive polymers""",3-Jan,731,Individual,Hideki Shirakawa,8/20/1936,Tokyo,Japan,Male,University of Tsukuba,Tokyo,Japan,,,
2000,Economics,The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 2000,"""for his development of theory and methods for analyzing selective samples""",2-Jan,732,Individual,James J. Heckman,4/19/1944,"Chicago, IL",United States of America,Male,University of Chicago,"Chicago, IL",United States of America,,,
2000,Economics,The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 2000,"""for his development of theory and methods for analyzing discrete choice""",2-Jan,733,Individual,Daniel L. McFadden,7/29/1937,"Raleigh, NC",United States of America,Male,University of California,"Berkeley, CA",United States of America,,,
2000,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 2000,"""for an æuvre of universal validity, bitter insights and linguistic ingenuity, which has opened new paths for the Chinese novel and drama""",1-Jan,734,Individual,Gao Xingjian,1/4/1940,Ganzhou,China,Male,,,,,,
2000,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2000,"""for their discoveries concerning signal transduction in the nervous system""",3-Jan,722,Individual,Arvid Carlsson,1/25/1923,Uppsala,Sweden,Male,Göteborg University,Gothenburg,Sweden,,,
2000,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2000,"""for their discoveries concerning signal transduction in the nervous system""",3-Jan,723,Individual,Paul Greengard,12/11/1925,"New York, NY",United States of America,Male,Rockefeller University,"New York, NY",United States of America,,,
2000,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2000,"""for their discoveries concerning signal transduction in the nervous system""",3-Jan,724,Individual,Eric R. Kandel,11/7/1929,Vienna,Austria,Male,Columbia University,"New York, NY",United States of America,,,
2000,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 2000,"""for his work for democracy and human rights in South Korea and in East Asia in general, and for peace and reconciliation with North Korea in particular""",1-Jan,725,Individual,Kim Dae-jung,12/3/1925,Mokpo,Korea (South Korea),Male,,,,8/18/2009,,
2000,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 2000,"""for basic work on information and communication technology; for developing semiconductor heterostructures used in high-speed- and opto-electronics""",4-Jan,726,Individual,Zhores I. Alferov,3/15/1930,"Vitebsk, Belorussia",Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (Belarus),Male,A.F. Ioffe Physico-Technical Institute,St. Petersburg,Russia,,,
2000,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 2000,"""for basic work on information and communication technology; for developing semiconductor heterostructures used in high-speed- and opto-electronics""",4-Jan,727,Individual,Herbert Kroemer,8/25/1928,Weimar,Germany,Male,University of California,"Santa Barbara, CA",United States of America,,,
2000,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 2000,"""for basic work on information and communication technology; for his part in the invention of the integrated circuit""",2-Jan,728,Individual,Jack S. Kilby,11/8/1923,"Jefferson City, MO",United States of America,Male,Texas Instruments,"Dallas, TX",United States of America,6/20/2005,"Dallas, TX",United States of America
2001,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2001,"""for their work on chirally catalysed hydrogenation reactions""",4-Jan,741,Individual,William S. Knowles,6/1/1917,"Taunton, MA",United States of America,Male,,"St. Louis, MO",United States of America,6/13/2012,"Chesterfield, MO",United States of America
2001,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2001,"""for their work on chirally catalysed hydrogenation reactions""",4-Jan,742,Individual,Ryoji Noyori,9/3/1938,Kobe,Japan,Male,Nagoya University,Nagoya,Japan,,,
2001,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2001,"""for his work on chirally catalysed oxidation reactions""",2-Jan,743,Individual,K. Barry Sharpless,4/28/1941,"Philadelphia, PA",United States of America,Male,The Scripps Research Institute,"La Jolla, CA",United States of America,,,
2001,Economics,The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 2001,"""for their analyses of markets with asymmetric information""",3-Jan,744,Individual,George A. Akerlof,6/17/1940,"New Haven, CT",United States of America,Male,University of California,"Berkeley, CA",United States of America,,,
2001,Economics,The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 2001,"""for their analyses of markets with asymmetric information""",3-Jan,745,Individual,A. Michael Spence,1943-00-00,"Montclair, NJ",United States of America,Male,Stanford University,"Stanford, CA",United States of America,,,
2001,Economics,The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 2001,"""for their analyses of markets with asymmetric information""",3-Jan,746,Individual,Joseph E. Stiglitz,2/9/1943,"Gary, IN",United States of America,Male,Columbia University,"New York, NY",United States of America,,,
2001,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 2001,"""for having united perceptive narrative and incorruptible scrutiny in works that compel us to see the presence of suppressed histories""",1-Jan,747,Individual,Sir Vidiadhar Surajprasad Naipaul,8/17/1932,,Trinidad,Male,,,,,,
2001,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2001,"""for their discoveries of key regulators of the cell cycle""",3-Jan,735,Individual,Leland H. Hartwell,10/30/1939,"Los Angeles, CA",United States of America,Male,Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center,"Seattle, WA",United States of America,,,
2001,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2001,"""for their discoveries of key regulators of the cell cycle""",3-Jan,736,Individual,Tim Hunt,2/19/1943,Neston,United Kingdom,Male,Imperial Cancer Research Fund,London,United Kingdom,,,
2001,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2001,"""for their discoveries of key regulators of the cell cycle""",3-Jan,737,Individual,Sir Paul M. Nurse,1/25/1949,Norwich,United Kingdom,Male,Imperial Cancer Research Fund,London,United Kingdom,,,
2001,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 2001,"""for their work for a better organized and more peaceful world""",2-Jan,748,Organization,United Nations (U.N.),,,,,,,,,,
2001,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 2001,"""for their work for a better organized and more peaceful world""",2-Jan,749,Individual,Kofi Annan,4/8/1938,Kumasi,Gold Coast (Ghana),Male,,,,,,
2001,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 2001,"""for the achievement of Bose-Einstein condensation in dilute gases of alkali atoms, and for early fundamental studies of the properties of the condensates""",3-Jan,738,Individual,Eric A. Cornell,12/19/1961,"Palo Alto, CA",United States of America,Male,"University of Colorado, JILA","Boulder, CO",United States of America,,,
2001,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 2001,"""for the achievement of Bose-Einstein condensation in dilute gases of alkali atoms, and for early fundamental studies of the properties of the condensates""",3-Jan,739,Individual,Wolfgang Ketterle,10/21/1957,Heidelberg,West Germany (Germany),Male,Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT),"Cambridge, MA",United States of America,,,
2001,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 2001,"""for the achievement of Bose-Einstein condensation in dilute gases of alkali atoms, and for early fundamental studies of the properties of the condensates""",3-Jan,740,Individual,Carl E. Wieman,3/26/1951,"Corvallis, OR",United States of America,Male,"University of Colorado, JILA","Boulder, CO",United States of America,,,
2002,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2002,"""for their development of soft desorption ionisation methods for mass spectrometric analyses of biological macromolecules""",4-Jan,756,Individual,John B. Fenn,6/15/1917,"New York, NY",United States of America,Male,Virginia Commonwealth University,"Richmond, VA",United States of America,12/10/2010,"Richmond, VA",United States of America
2002,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2002,"""for their development of soft desorption ionisation methods for mass spectrometric analyses of biological macromolecules""",4-Jan,757,Individual,Koichi Tanaka,8/3/1959,Toyama City,Japan,Male,Shimadzu Corp.,Kyoto,Japan,,,
2002,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2002,"""for his development of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy for determining the three-dimensional structure of biological macromolecules in solution""",2-Jan,758,Individual,Kurt Wüthrich,10/4/1938,Aarberg,Switzerland,Male,Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology),Zurich,Switzerland,,,
2002,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2002,"""for his development of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy for determining the three-dimensional structure of biological macromolecules in solution""",2-Jan,758,Individual,Kurt Wüthrich,10/4/1938,Aarberg,Switzerland,Male,The Scripps Research Institute,"La Jolla, CA",United States of America,,,
2002,Economics,The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 2002,"""for having integrated insights from psychological research into economic science, especially concerning human judgment and decision-making under uncertainty""",2-Jan,759,Individual,Daniel Kahneman,3/5/1934,Tel Aviv,British Mandate of Palestine (Israel),Male,Princeton University,"Princeton, NJ",United States of America,,,
2002,Economics,The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 2002,"""for having established laboratory experiments as a tool in empirical economic analysis, especially in the study of alternative market mechanisms""",2-Jan,760,Individual,Vernon L. Smith,1/1/1927,"Wichita, KS",United States of America,Male,George Mason University,"Fairfax, VA",United States of America,,,
2002,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 2002,"""for writing that upholds the fragile experience of the individual against the barbaric arbitrariness of history""",1-Jan,761,Individual,Imre Kertész,11/9/1929,Budapest,Hungary,Male,,,,3/31/2016,Budapest,Hungary
2002,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2002,"""for their discoveries concerning genetic regulation of organ development and programmed cell death'""",3-Jan,750,Individual,Sydney Brenner,1/13/1927,Germiston,South Africa,Male,The Molecular Sciences Institute,"Berkeley, CA",United States of America,,,
2002,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2002,"""for their discoveries concerning genetic regulation of organ development and programmed cell death'""",3-Jan,751,Individual,H. Robert Horvitz,5/8/1947,"Chicago, IL",United States of America,Male,Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT),"Cambridge, MA",United States of America,,,
2002,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2002,"""for their discoveries concerning genetic regulation of organ development and programmed cell death'""",3-Jan,752,Individual,John E. Sulston,3/27/1942,Cambridge,United Kingdom,Male,The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute,Cambridge,United Kingdom,,,
2002,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 2002,"""for his decades of untiring effort to find peaceful solutions to international conflicts, to advance democracy and human rights, and to promote economic and social development""",1-Jan,762,Individual,Jimmy Carter,10/1/1924,"Plains, GA",United States of America,Male,,,,,,
2002,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 2002,"""for pioneering contributions to astrophysics, in particular for the detection of cosmic neutrinos""",4-Jan,753,Individual,Raymond Davis Jr.,10/14/1914,"Washington, DC",United States of America,Male,University of Pennsylvania,"Philadelphia, PA",United States of America,5/31/2006,"Blue Point, NY",United States of America
2002,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 2002,"""for pioneering contributions to astrophysics, in particular for the detection of cosmic neutrinos""",4-Jan,754,Individual,Masatoshi Koshiba,9/19/1926,Toyohashi,Japan,Male,University of Tokyo,Tokyo,Japan,,,
2002,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 2002,"""for pioneering contributions to astrophysics, which have led to the discovery of cosmic X-ray sources""",2-Jan,755,Individual,Riccardo Giacconi,10/6/1931,Genoa,Italy,Male,Associated Universities Inc.,"Washington, DC",United States of America,,,
2003,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2003,"""for discoveries concerning channels in cell membranes; for the discovery of water channels""",2-Jan,769,Individual,Peter Agre,1/30/1949,"Northfield, MN",United States of America,Male,Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine,"Baltimore, MD",United States of America,,,
2003,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2003,"""for discoveries concerning channels in cell membranes; for structural and mechanistic studies of ion channels""",2-Jan,770,Individual,Roderick MacKinnon,2/19/1956,"Burlington, MA",United States of America,Male,Rockefeller University,"New York, NY",United States of America,,,
2003,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2003,"""for discoveries concerning channels in cell membranes; for structural and mechanistic studies of ion channels""",2-Jan,770,Individual,Roderick MacKinnon,2/19/1956,"Burlington, MA",United States of America,Male,Howard Hughes Medical Institute,,,,,
2003,Economics,The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 2003,"""for methods of analyzing economic time series with time-varying volatility (ARCH)""",2-Jan,771,Individual,Robert F. Engle III,11/10/1942,"Syracuse, NY",United States of America,Male,New York University,"New York, NY",United States of America,,,
2003,Economics,The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 2003,"""for methods of analyzing economic time series with common trends (cointegration)""",2-Jan,772,Individual,Clive W.J. Granger,9/4/1934,Swansea,United Kingdom,Male,University of California,"San Diego, CA",United States of America,5/27/2009,"San Diego, CA",United States of America
2003,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 2003,"""who in innumerable guises portrays the surprising involvement of the outsider""",1-Jan,763,Individual,John M. Coetzee,2/9/1940,Cape Town,South Africa,Male,,,,,,
2003,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2003,"""for their discoveries concerning magnetic resonance imaging""",2-Jan,764,Individual,Paul C. Lauterbur,5/6/1929,"Sidney, OH",United States of America,Male,University of Illinois,"Urbana, IL",United States of America,3/27/2007,"Urbana, IL",United States of America
2003,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2003,"""for their discoveries concerning magnetic resonance imaging""",2-Jan,765,Individual,Sir Peter Mansfield,10/9/1933,London,United Kingdom,Male,"University of Nottingham, School of Physics and Astronomy",Nottingham,United Kingdom,2/8/2017,,
2003,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 2003,"""for her efforts for democracy and human rights. She has focused especially on the struggle for the rights of women and children""",1-Jan,773,Individual,Shirin Ebadi,6/21/1947,Hamadan,Iran,Female,,,,,,
2003,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 2003,"""for pioneering contributions to the theory of superconductors and superfluids""",3-Jan,766,Individual,Alexei A. Abrikosov,6/25/1928,Moscow,Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (Russia),Male,Argonne National Laboratory,"Argonne, IL",United States of America,,,
2003,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 2003,"""for pioneering contributions to the theory of superconductors and superfluids""",3-Jan,767,Individual,Vitaly L. Ginzburg,10/4/1916,Moscow,Russia,Male,P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute,Moscow,Russia,11/8/2009,,
2003,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 2003,"""for pioneering contributions to the theory of superconductors and superfluids""",3-Jan,768,Individual,Anthony J. Leggett,3/26/1938,London,United Kingdom,Male,University of Illinois,"Urbana, IL",United States of America,,,
2004,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2004,"""for the discovery of ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation""",3-Jan,779,Individual,Aaron Ciechanover,10/1/1947,Haifa,British Protectorate of Palestine (Israel),Male,Technion - Israel Institute of Technology,Haifa,Israel,,,
2004,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2004,"""for the discovery of ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation""",3-Jan,780,Individual,Avram Hershko,12/31/1937,Karcag,Hungary,Male,Technion - Israel Institute of Technology,Haifa,Israel,,,
2004,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2004,"""for the discovery of ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation""",3-Jan,781,Individual,Irwin Rose,7/16/1926,"Brooklyn, NY",United States of America,Male,University of California,"Irvine, CA",United States of America,6/3/2015,"Deerfield, MA",United States of America
2004,Economics,The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 2004,"""for their contributions to dynamic macroeconomics: the time consistency of economic policy and the driving forces behind business cycles""",2-Jan,786,Individual,Finn E. Kydland,12/1/1943,Gjesdal,Norway,Male,Carnegie Mellon University,"Pittsburgh, PA",United States of America,,,
2004,Economics,The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 2004,"""for their contributions to dynamic macroeconomics: the time consistency of economic policy and the driving forces behind business cycles""",2-Jan,786,Individual,Finn E. Kydland,12/1/1943,Gjesdal,Norway,Male,University of California,"Santa Barbara, CA",United States of America,,,
2004,Economics,The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 2004,"""for their contributions to dynamic macroeconomics: the time consistency of economic policy and the driving forces behind business cycles""",2-Jan,787,Individual,Edward C. Prescott,12/26/1940,"Glens Falls, NY",United States of America,Male,Arizona State University,"Tempe, AZ",United States of America,,,
2004,Economics,The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 2004,"""for their contributions to dynamic macroeconomics: the time consistency of economic policy and the driving forces behind business cycles""",2-Jan,787,Individual,Edward C. Prescott,12/26/1940,"Glens Falls, NY",United States of America,Male,Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis,"Minneapolis, MN",United States of America,,,
2004,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 2004,"""for her musical flow of voices and counter-voices in novels and plays that with extraordinary linguistic zeal reveal the absurdity of society's clich&eacute;s and their subjugating power""",1-Jan,782,Individual,Elfriede Jelinek,10/20/1946,Mürzzuschlag,Austria,Female,,,,,,
2004,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2004,"""for their discoveries of odorant receptors and the organization of the olfactory system""",2-Jan,774,Individual,Richard Axel,7/2/1946,"New York, NY",United States of America,Male,Columbia University,"New York, NY",United States of America,,,
2004,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2004,"""for their discoveries of odorant receptors and the organization of the olfactory system""",2-Jan,775,Individual,Linda B. Buck,1/29/1947,"Seattle, WA",United States of America,Female,Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center,"Seattle, WA",United States of America,,,
2004,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 2004,"""for her contribution to sustainable development, democracy and peace""",1-Jan,783,Individual,Wangari Muta Maathai,4/1/1940,Nyeri,Kenya,Female,,,,9/25/2011,Nairobi,Kenya
2004,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 2004,"""for the discovery of asymptotic freedom in the theory of the strong interaction""",3-Jan,776,Individual,David J. Gross,2/19/1941,"Washington, DC",United States of America,Male,"University of California, Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics","Santa Barbara, CA",United States of America,,,
2004,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 2004,"""for the discovery of asymptotic freedom in the theory of the strong interaction""",3-Jan,777,Individual,H. David Politzer,8/31/1949,"New York, NY",United States of America,Male,California Institute of Technology (Caltech),"Pasadena, CA",United States of America,,,
2004,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 2004,"""for the discovery of asymptotic freedom in the theory of the strong interaction""",3-Jan,778,Individual,Frank Wilczek,5/15/1951,"New York, NY",United States of America,Male,Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT),"Cambridge, MA",United States of America,,,
2005,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2005,"""for the development of the metathesis method in organic synthesis""",3-Jan,794,Individual,Yves Chauvin,10/10/1930,Menin,Belgium,Male,Institut Français du Pétrole,Rueil-Malmaison,France,1/27/2015,Tours,France
2005,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2005,"""for the development of the metathesis method in organic synthesis""",3-Jan,795,Individual,Robert H. Grubbs,2/27/1942,"Possum Trot, KY",United States of America,Male,California Institute of Technology (Caltech),"Pasadena, CA",United States of America,,,
2005,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2005,"""for the development of the metathesis method in organic synthesis""",3-Jan,796,Individual,Richard R. Schrock,1/4/1945,"Berne, IN",United States of America,Male,Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT),"Cambridge, MA",United States of America,,,
2005,Economics,The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 2005,"""for having enhanced our understanding of conflict and cooperation through game-theory analysis""",2-Jan,799,Individual,Robert J. Aumann,6/8/1930,Frankfurt-on-the-Main,Germany,Male,"University of Jerusalem, Center for RationalityHebrew",Jerusalem,Israel,,,
2005,Economics,The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 2005,"""for having enhanced our understanding of conflict and cooperation through game-theory analysis""",2-Jan,800,Individual,Thomas C. Schelling,4/14/1921,"Oakland, CA",United States of America,Male,"University of Maryland, Department of Economics and School of Public Policy","College Park, MD",United States of America,12/13/2016,"Bethesda, MD",United States of America
2005,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 2005,"""who in his plays uncovers the precipice under everyday prattle and forces entry into oppression's closed rooms""",1-Jan,801,Individual,Harold Pinter,10/10/1930,London,United Kingdom,Male,,,,12/24/2008,London,United Kingdom
2005,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2005,"""for their discovery of the bacterium <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> and its role in gastritis and peptic ulcer disease""",2-Jan,789,Individual,Barry J. Marshall,9/30/1951,Kalgoorlie,Australia,Male,"NHMRC Helicobacter pylori Research Laboratory, QEII Medical Centre",Nedlands,Australia,,,
2005,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2005,"""for their discovery of the bacterium <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> and its role in gastritis and peptic ulcer disease""",2-Jan,789,Individual,Barry J. Marshall,9/30/1951,Kalgoorlie,Australia,Male,University of Western Australia,Perth,Australia,,,
2005,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2005,"""for their discovery of the bacterium <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> and its role in gastritis and peptic ulcer disease""",2-Jan,790,Individual,J. Robin Warren,6/11/1937,Adelaide,Australia,Male,,Perth,Australia,,,
2005,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 2005,"""for their efforts to prevent nuclear energy from being used for military purposes and to ensure that nuclear energy for peaceful purposes is used in the safest possible way""",2-Jan,797,Organization,International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA),,,,,,,,,,
2005,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 2005,"""for their efforts to prevent nuclear energy from being used for military purposes and to ensure that nuclear energy for peaceful purposes is used in the safest possible way""",2-Jan,798,Individual,Mohamed ElBaradei,6/17/1942,Cairo,Egypt,Male,,,,,,
2005,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 2005,"""for his contribution to the quantum theory of optical coherence""",2-Jan,791,Individual,Roy J. Glauber,9/1/1925,"New York, NY",United States of America,Male,Harvard University,"Cambridge, MA",United States of America,,,
2005,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 2005,"""for their contributions to the development of laser-based precision spectroscopy, including the optical frequency comb technique""",4-Jan,792,Individual,John L. Hall,8/21/1934,"Denver, CO",United States of America,Male,"University of Colorado, JILA","Boulder, CO",United States of America,,,
2005,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 2005,"""for their contributions to the development of laser-based precision spectroscopy, including the optical frequency comb technique""",4-Jan,792,Individual,John L. Hall,8/21/1934,"Denver, CO",United States of America,Male,National Institute of Standards and Technology,"Boulder, CO",United States of America,,,
2005,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 2005,"""for their contributions to the development of laser-based precision spectroscopy, including the optical frequency comb technique""",4-Jan,793,Individual,Theodor W. Hänsch,10/30/1941,Heidelberg,Germany,Male,Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik,Garching,Germany,,,
2005,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 2005,"""for their contributions to the development of laser-based precision spectroscopy, including the optical frequency comb technique""",4-Jan,793,Individual,Theodor W. Hänsch,10/30/1941,Heidelberg,Germany,Male,Ludwig-Maximilians- Universität,Munich,Germany,,,
2006,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2006,"""for his studies of the molecular basis of eukaryotic transcription""",1-Jan,806,Individual,Roger D. Kornberg,4/24/1947,"St. Louis, MO",United States of America,Male,Stanford University,"Stanford, CA",United States of America,,,
2006,Economics,The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 2006,"""for his analysis of intertemporal tradeoffs in macroeconomic policy""",1-Jan,807,Individual,Edmund S. Phelps,7/26/1933,"Evanston, IL",United States of America,Male,Columbia University,"New York, NY",United States of America,,,
2006,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 2006,"""who in the quest for the melancholic soul of his native city has discovered new symbols for the clash and interlacing of cultures""",1-Jan,808,Individual,Orhan Pamuk,6/7/1952,Istanbul,Turkey,Male,,,,,,
2006,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2006,"""for their discovery of RNA interference - gene silencing by double-stranded RNA""",2-Jan,802,Individual,Andrew Z. Fire,4/27/1959,"Stanford, CA",United States of America,Male,Stanford University School of Medicine,"Stanford, CA",United States of America,,,
2006,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2006,"""for their discovery of RNA interference - gene silencing by double-stranded RNA""",2-Jan,803,Individual,Craig C. Mello,10/19/1960,"New Haven, CT",United States of America,Male,University of Massachusetts Medical School,"Worcester, MA",United States of America,,,
2006,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 2006,"""for their efforts to create economic and social development from below""",2-Jan,809,Individual,Muhammad Yunus,6/28/1940,Chittagong,British India (Bangladesh),Male,,,,,,
2006,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 2006,"""for their efforts to create economic and social development from below""",2-Jan,810,Organization,Grameen Bank,,,,,,,,,,
2006,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 2006,"""for their discovery of the blackbody form and anisotropy of the cosmic microwave background radiation""",2-Jan,804,Individual,John C. Mather,8/7/1946,"Roanoke, VA",United States of America,Male,NASA Goddard Space Flight Center,"Greenbelt, MD",United States of America,,,
2006,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 2006,"""for their discovery of the blackbody form and anisotropy of the cosmic microwave background radiation""",2-Jan,805,Individual,George F. Smoot,2/20/1945,"Yukon, FL",United States of America,Male,University of California,"Berkeley, CA",United States of America,,,
2007,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2007,"""for his studies of chemical processes on solid surfaces""",1-Jan,816,Individual,Gerhard Ertl,10/10/1936,Bad Cannstatt,Germany,Male,Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft,Berlin,Germany,,,
2007,Economics,The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 2007,"""for having laid the foundations of mechanism design theory""",3-Jan,820,Individual,Leonid Hurwicz,8/21/1917,Moscow,Russia,Male,University of Minnesota,"Minneapolis, MN",United States of America,6/24/2008,"Minneapolis, MN",United States of America
2007,Economics,The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 2007,"""for having laid the foundations of mechanism design theory""",3-Jan,821,Individual,Eric S. Maskin,12/12/1950,"New York, NY",United States of America,Male,Institute for Advanced Study,"Princeton, NJ",United States of America,,,
2007,Economics,The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 2007,"""for having laid the foundations of mechanism design theory""",3-Jan,822,Individual,Roger B. Myerson,3/29/1951,"Boston, MA",United States of America,Male,University of Chicago,"Chicago, IL",United States of America,,,
2007,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 2007,"""that epicist of the female experience, who with scepticism, fire and visionary power has subjected a divided civilisation to scrutiny""",1-Jan,817,Individual,Doris Lessing,10/22/1919,Kermanshah,Persia (Iran),Female,,,,11/17/2013,London,United Kingdom
2007,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2007,"""for their discoveries of principles for introducing specific gene modifications in mice by the use of embryonic stem cells""",3-Jan,811,Individual,Mario R. Capecchi,10/6/1937,Verona,Italy,Male,University of Utah,"Salt Lake City, UT",United States of America,,,
2007,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2007,"""for their discoveries of principles for introducing specific gene modifications in mice by the use of embryonic stem cells""",3-Jan,811,Individual,Mario R. Capecchi,10/6/1937,Verona,Italy,Male,Howard Hughes Medical Institute,,,,,
2007,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2007,"""for their discoveries of principles for introducing specific gene modifications in mice by the use of embryonic stem cells""",3-Jan,812,Individual,Sir Martin J. Evans,1/1/1941,Stroud,United Kingdom,Male,Cardiff University,Cardiff,United Kingdom,,,
2007,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2007,"""for their discoveries of principles for introducing specific gene modifications in mice by the use of embryonic stem cells""",3-Jan,813,Individual,Oliver Smithies,6/23/1925,Halifax,United Kingdom,Male,University of North Carolina,"Chapel Hill, NC",United States of America,1/10/2017,"Chapel Hill, NC",United States of America
2007,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 2007,"""for their efforts to build up and disseminate greater knowledge about man-made climate change, and to lay the foundations for the measures that are needed to counteract such change""",2-Jan,818,Organization,Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC),,,,,,,,,,
2007,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 2007,"""for their efforts to build up and disseminate greater knowledge about man-made climate change, and to lay the foundations for the measures that are needed to counteract such change""",2-Jan,819,Individual,Albert Arnold (Al) Gore Jr.,3/31/1948,"Washington, DC",United States of America,Male,,,,,,
2007,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 2007,"""for the discovery of Giant Magnetoresistance""",2-Jan,814,Individual,Albert Fert,3/7/1938,Carcassonne,France,Male,Universit&eacute; Paris-Sud,Orsay,France,,,
2007,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 2007,"""for the discovery of Giant Magnetoresistance""",2-Jan,814,Individual,Albert Fert,3/7/1938,Carcassonne,France,Male,Unit&eacute; Mixte de Physique CNRS/THALES,Orsay,France,,,
2007,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 2007,"""for the discovery of Giant Magnetoresistance""",2-Jan,815,Individual,Peter Grünberg,5/18/1939,Plzen,Czechoslovakia (Czech Republic),Male,Forschungszentrum J&uuml;lich,J&uuml;lich,Germany,,,
2008,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2008,"""for the discovery and development of the green fluorescent protein, GFP""",3-Jan,829,Individual,Osamu Shimomura,8/27/1928,Kyoto,Japan,Male,Marine Biological Laboratory (MBL),"Woods Hole, MA",United States of America,,,
2008,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2008,"""for the discovery and development of the green fluorescent protein, GFP""",3-Jan,829,Individual,Osamu Shimomura,8/27/1928,Kyoto,Japan,Male,Boston University Medical School,"Massachusetts, MA",United States of America,,,
2008,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2008,"""for the discovery and development of the green fluorescent protein, GFP""",3-Jan,830,Individual,Martin Chalfie,1/15/1947,"Chicago, IL",United States of America,Male,Columbia University,"New York, NY",United States of America,,,
2008,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2008,"""for the discovery and development of the green fluorescent protein, GFP""",3-Jan,831,Individual,Roger Y. Tsien,2/1/1952,"New York, NY",United States of America,Male,University of California,"San Diego, CA",United States of America,8/24/2016,"Eugene, OR",United States of America
2008,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2008,"""for the discovery and development of the green fluorescent protein, GFP""",3-Jan,831,Individual,Roger Y. Tsien,2/1/1952,"New York, NY",United States of America,Male,Howard Hughes Medical Institute,,,8/24/2016,"Eugene, OR",United States of America
2008,Economics,The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 2008,"""for his analysis of trade patterns and location of economic activity""",1-Jan,834,Individual,Paul Krugman,2/28/1953,"New York, NY",United States of America,Male,Princeton University,"Princeton, NJ",United States of America,,,
2008,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 2008,"""author of new departures, poetic adventure and sensual ecstasy, explorer of a humanity beyond and below the reigning civilization""",1-Jan,832,Individual,Jean-Marie Gustave Le Clézio,4/13/1940,Nice,France,Male,,,,,,
2008,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2008,"""for his discovery of human papilloma viruses causing cervical cancer""",2-Jan,823,Individual,Harald zur Hausen,3/11/1936,Gelsenkirchen,Germany,Male,German Cancer Research Center,Heidelberg,Germany,,,
2008,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2008,"""for their discovery of human immunodeficiency virus""",4-Jan,824,Individual,Françoise Barré-Sinoussi,7/30/1947,Paris,France,Female,"Regulation of Retroviral Infections Unit, Virology Department, Institut Pasteur",Paris,France,,,
2008,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2008,"""for their discovery of human immunodeficiency virus""",4-Jan,825,Individual,Luc Montagnier,8/18/1932,Chabris,France,Male,World Foundation for AIDS Research and Prevention,Paris,France,,,
2008,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 2008,"""for his important efforts, on several continents and over more than three decades, to resolve international conflicts""",1-Jan,833,Individual,Martti Ahtisaari,6/23/1937,Viipuri (Vyborg),Finland,Male,,,,,,
2008,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 2008,"""for the discovery of the mechanism of spontaneous broken symmetry in subatomic physics""",2-Jan,826,Individual,Yoichiro Nambu,1/18/1921,Tokyo,Japan,Male,"Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago","Chicago, IL",United States of America,7/5/2015,Osaka,Japan
2008,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 2008,"""for the discovery of the origin of the broken symmetry which predicts the existence of at least three families of quarks in nature""",4-Jan,827,Individual,Makoto Kobayashi,4/7/1944,Nagoya,Japan,Male,High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK),Tsukuba,Japan,,,
2008,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 2008,"""for the discovery of the origin of the broken symmetry which predicts the existence of at least three families of quarks in nature""",4-Jan,828,Individual,Toshihide Maskawa,2/7/1940,Nagoya,Japan,Male,Kyoto Sangyo University,Kyoto,Japan,,,
2008,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 2008,"""for the discovery of the origin of the broken symmetry which predicts the existence of at least three families of quarks in nature""",4-Jan,828,Individual,Toshihide Maskawa,2/7/1940,Nagoya,Japan,Male,"Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics (YITP), Kyoto University",Kyoto,Japan,,,
2009,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2009,"""for studies of the structure and function of the ribosome""",3-Jan,841,Individual,Venkatraman Ramakrishnan,,"Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu",India,Male,MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology,Cambridge,United Kingdom,,,
2009,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2009,"""for studies of the structure and function of the ribosome""",3-Jan,842,Individual,Thomas A. Steitz,8/23/1940,"Milwaukee, WI",United States of America,Male,Yale University,"New Haven, CT",United States of America,,,
2009,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2009,"""for studies of the structure and function of the ribosome""",3-Jan,842,Individual,Thomas A. Steitz,8/23/1940,"Milwaukee, WI",United States of America,Male,Howard Hughes Medical Institute,,,,,
2009,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2009,"""for studies of the structure and function of the ribosome""",3-Jan,843,Individual,Ada E. Yonath,6/22/1939,Jerusalem,British Mandate of Palestine (Israel),Female,Weizmann Institute of Science,Rehovot,Israel,,,
2009,Economics,The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 2009,"""for her analysis of economic governance, especially the commons""",2-Jan,846,Individual,Elinor Ostrom,8/7/1933,"Los Angeles, CA",United States of America,Female,Indiana University,"Bloomington, IN",United States of America,6/12/2012,"Bloomington, IN",United States of America
2009,Economics,The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 2009,"""for her analysis of economic governance, especially the commons""",2-Jan,846,Individual,Elinor Ostrom,8/7/1933,"Los Angeles, CA",United States of America,Female,Arizona State University,"Tempe, AZ",United States of America,6/12/2012,"Bloomington, IN",United States of America
2009,Economics,The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 2009,"""for his analysis of economic governance, especially the boundaries of the firm""",2-Jan,847,Individual,Oliver E. Williamson,9/27/1932,"Superior, WI",United States of America,Male,University of California,"Berkeley, CA",United States of America,,,
2009,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 2009,"""who, with the concentration of poetry and the frankness of prose, depicts the landscape of the dispossessed""",1-Jan,844,Individual,Herta Müller,8/17/1953,"Nitzkydorf, Banat",Romania,Female,,,,,,
2009,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2009,"""for the discovery of how chromosomes are protected by telomeres and the enzyme telomerase""",3-Jan,835,Individual,Elizabeth H. Blackburn,11/26/1948,"Hobart, Tasmania",Australia,Female,University of California,"San Francisco, CA",United States of America,,,
2009,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2009,"""for the discovery of how chromosomes are protected by telomeres and the enzyme telomerase""",3-Jan,836,Individual,Carol W. Greider,4/15/1961,"San Diego, CA",United States of America,Female,Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine,"Baltimore, MD",United States of America,,,
2009,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2009,"""for the discovery of how chromosomes are protected by telomeres and the enzyme telomerase""",3-Jan,837,Individual,Jack W. Szostak,11/9/1952,London,United Kingdom,Male,Harvard Medical School,"Boston, MA",United States of America,,,
2009,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2009,"""for the discovery of how chromosomes are protected by telomeres and the enzyme telomerase""",3-Jan,837,Individual,Jack W. Szostak,11/9/1952,London,United Kingdom,Male,Massachusetts General Hospital,"Boston, MA",United States of America,,,
2009,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2009,"""for the discovery of how chromosomes are protected by telomeres and the enzyme telomerase""",3-Jan,837,Individual,Jack W. Szostak,11/9/1952,London,United Kingdom,Male,Howard Hughes Medical Institute,,,,,
2009,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 2009,"""for his extraordinary efforts to strengthen international diplomacy and cooperation between peoples""",1-Jan,845,Individual,Barack H. Obama,8/4/1961,"Honolulu, HI",United States of America,Male,,,,,,
2009,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 2009,"""for groundbreaking achievements concerning the transmission of light in fibers for optical communication""",2-Jan,838,Individual,Charles Kuen Kao,11/4/1933,Shanghai,China,Male,Standard Telecommunication Laboratories,Harlow,United Kingdom,,,
2009,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 2009,"""for groundbreaking achievements concerning the transmission of light in fibers for optical communication""",2-Jan,838,Individual,Charles Kuen Kao,11/4/1933,Shanghai,China,Male,Chinese University of Hong Kong,Hong Kong,China,,,
2009,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 2009,"""for the invention of an imaging semiconductor circuit - the CCD sensor""",4-Jan,839,Individual,Willard S. Boyle,8/19/1924,"Amherst, NS",Canada,Male,Bell Laboratories,"Murray Hill, NJ",United States of America,5/7/2011,"Truro, NS",Canada
2009,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 2009,"""for the invention of an imaging semiconductor circuit - the CCD sensor""",4-Jan,840,Individual,George E. Smith,5/10/1930,"White Plains, NY",United States of America,Male,Bell Laboratories,"Murray Hill, NJ",United States of America,,,
2010,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2010,"""for palladium-catalyzed cross couplings in organic synthesis""",3-Jan,851,Individual,Richard F. Heck,8/15/1931,"Springfield, MA",United States of America,Male,University of Delaware,,United States of America,10/9/2015,Manila,Philippines
2010,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2010,"""for palladium-catalyzed cross couplings in organic synthesis""",3-Jan,852,Individual,Ei-ichi Negishi,7/14/1935,Changchun,China,Male,Purdue University,"West Lafayette, IN",United States of America,,,
2010,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2010,"""for palladium-catalyzed cross couplings in organic synthesis""",3-Jan,853,Individual,Akira Suzuki,9/12/1930,Mukawa,Japan,Male,Hokkaido University,Sapporo,Japan,,,
2010,Economics,The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 2010,"""for their analysis of markets with search frictions""",3-Jan,856,Individual,Peter A. Diamond,4/29/1940,"New York, NY",United States of America,Male,Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT),"Cambridge, MA",United States of America,,,
2010,Economics,The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 2010,"""for their analysis of markets with search frictions""",3-Jan,857,Individual,Dale T. Mortensen,2/2/1939,"Enterprise, OR",United States of America,Male,Northwestern University,"Evanston, IL",United States of America,1/9/2014,"Wilmette, IL",United States of America
2010,Economics,The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 2010,"""for their analysis of markets with search frictions""",3-Jan,857,Individual,Dale T. Mortensen,2/2/1939,"Enterprise, OR",United States of America,Male,Aarhus University,Aarhus,Denmark,1/9/2014,"Wilmette, IL",United States of America
2010,Economics,The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 2010,"""for their analysis of markets with search frictions""",3-Jan,858,Individual,Christopher A. Pissarides,2/20/1948,Nicosia,Cyprus,Male,London School of Economics and Political Science,London,United Kingdom,,,
2010,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 2010,"""for his cartography of structures of power and his trenchant images of the individual's resistance, revolt, and defeat""",1-Jan,854,Individual,Mario Vargas Llosa,3/28/1936,Arequipa,Peru,Male,,,,,,
2010,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2010,"""for the development of in vitro fertilization""",1-Jan,848,Individual,Robert G. Edwards,9/27/1925,Batley,United Kingdom,Male,University of Cambridge,Cambridge,United Kingdom,4/10/2013,Cambridge,United Kingdom
2010,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 2010,"""for his long and non-violent struggle for fundamental human rights in China""",1-Jan,855,Individual,Liu Xiaobo,12/28/1955,,China,Male,,,,,,
2010,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 2010,"""for groundbreaking experiments regarding the two-dimensional material graphene""",2-Jan,849,Individual,Andre Geim,10/21/1958,Sochi,Russia,Male,University of Manchester,Manchester,United Kingdom,,,
2010,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 2010,"""for groundbreaking experiments regarding the two-dimensional material graphene""",2-Jan,850,Individual,Konstantin Novoselov,8/23/1974,Nizhny Tagil,Russia,Male,University of Manchester,Manchester,United Kingdom,,,
2011,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2011,"""for the discovery of quasicrystals""",1-Jan,867,Individual,Dan Shechtman,1/24/1941,Tel Aviv,British Mandate of Palestine (Israel),Male,Technion - Israel Institute of Technology,Haifa,Israel,,,
2011,Economics,The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 2011,"""for their empirical research on cause and effect in the macroeconomy""",2-Jan,872,Individual,Thomas J. Sargent,7/19/1943,"Pasadena, CA",United States of America,Male,New York University,"New York, NY",United States of America,,,
2011,Economics,The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 2011,"""for their empirical research on cause and effect in the macroeconomy""",2-Jan,873,Individual,Christopher A. Sims,10/21/1942,"Washington, DC",United States of America,Male,Princeton University,"Princeton, NJ",United States of America,,,
2011,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 2011,"""because, through his condensed, translucent images, he gives us fresh access to reality""",1-Jan,868,Individual,Tomas Tranströmer,4/15/1931,Stockholm,Sweden,Male,,,,3/26/2015,Stockholm,Sweden
2011,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2011,"""for their discoveries concerning the activation of innate immunity""",4-Jan,861,Individual,Bruce A. Beutler,12/29/1957,"Chicago, IL",United States of America,Male,University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas,"Dallas, TX",United States of America,,,
2011,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2011,"""for their discoveries concerning the activation of innate immunity""",4-Jan,861,Individual,Bruce A. Beutler,12/29/1957,"Chicago, IL",United States of America,Male,The Scripps Research Institute,"La Jolla, CA",United States of America,,,
2011,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2011,"""for their discoveries concerning the activation of innate immunity""",4-Jan,862,Individual,Jules A. Hoffmann,8/2/1941,Echternach,Luxembourg,Male,University of Strasbourg,Strasbourg,France,,,
2011,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2011,"""for his discovery of the dendritic cell and its role in adaptive immunity""",2-Jan,863,Individual,Ralph M. Steinman,1/14/1943,Montreal,Canada,Male,Rockefeller University,"New York, NY",United States of America,9/30/2011,,
2011,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 2011,"""for their non-violent struggle for the safety of women and for women&apos;s rights to full participation in peace-building work""",3-Jan,869,Individual,Ellen Johnson Sirleaf,10/29/1938,Monrovia,Liberia,Female,,,,,,
2011,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 2011,"""for their non-violent struggle for the safety of women and for women&apos;s rights to full participation in peace-building work""",3-Jan,870,Individual,Leymah Gbowee,2/1/1972,Monrovia,Liberia,Female,,,,,,
2011,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 2011,"""for their non-violent struggle for the safety of women and for women&apos;s rights to full participation in peace-building work""",3-Jan,871,Individual,Tawakkol Karman,2/7/1979,Ta'izz,Yemen,Female,,,,,,
2011,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 2011,"""for the discovery of the accelerating expansion of the Universe through observations of distant supernovae""",2-Jan,864,Individual,Saul Perlmutter,,"Champaign-Urbana, IL",United States of America,Male,Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory,"Berkeley, CA",United States of America,,,
2011,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 2011,"""for the discovery of the accelerating expansion of the Universe through observations of distant supernovae""",2-Jan,864,Individual,Saul Perlmutter,,"Champaign-Urbana, IL",United States of America,Male,University of California,"Berkeley, CA",United States of America,,,
2011,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 2011,"""for the discovery of the accelerating expansion of the Universe through observations of distant supernovae""",4-Jan,865,Individual,Brian P. Schmidt,2/24/1967,"Missoula, MT",United States of America,Male,Australian National University,Weston Creek,Australia,,,
2011,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 2011,"""for the discovery of the accelerating expansion of the Universe through observations of distant supernovae""",4-Jan,866,Individual,Adam G. Riess,12/16/1969,"Washington, DC",United States of America,Male,Johns Hopkins University,"Baltimore, MD",United States of America,,,
2011,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 2011,"""for the discovery of the accelerating expansion of the Universe through observations of distant supernovae""",4-Jan,866,Individual,Adam G. Riess,12/16/1969,"Washington, DC",United States of America,Male,Space Telescope Science Institute,"Baltimore, MD",United States of America,,,
2012,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2012,"""for studies of G-protein-coupled receptors""",2-Jan,878,Individual,Robert J. Lefkowitz,4/15/1943,"New York, NY",United States of America,Male,Howard Hughes Medical Institute,,,,,
2012,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2012,"""for studies of G-protein-coupled receptors""",2-Jan,878,Individual,Robert J. Lefkowitz,4/15/1943,"New York, NY",United States of America,Male,Duke University Medical Center,"Durham, NC",United States of America,,,
2012,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2012,"""for studies of G-protein-coupled receptors""",2-Jan,879,Individual,Brian K. Kobilka,5/30/1955,"Little Falls, MN",United States of America,Male,Stanford University School of Medicine,"Stanford, CA",United States of America,,,
2012,Economics,The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 2012,"""for the theory of stable allocations and the practice of market design""",2-Jan,882,Individual,Alvin E. Roth,12/18/1951,"New York, NY",United States of America,Male,Harvard University,"Cambridge, MA",United States of America,,,
2012,Economics,The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 2012,"""for the theory of stable allocations and the practice of market design""",2-Jan,882,Individual,Alvin E. Roth,12/18/1951,"New York, NY",United States of America,Male,Harvard Business School,"Boston, MA",United States of America,,,
2012,Economics,The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 2012,"""for the theory of stable allocations and the practice of market design""",2-Jan,883,Individual,Lloyd S. Shapley,6/2/1923,"Cambridge, MA",United States of America,Male,University of California,"Los Angeles, CA",United States of America,3/12/2016,"Tucson, AZ",United States of America
2012,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 2012,"""who with hallucinatory realism merges folk tales, history and the contemporary""",1-Jan,880,Individual,Mo Yan,2/2/1955,Gaomi,China,Male,,,,,,
2012,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2012,"""for the discovery that mature cells can be reprogrammed to become pluripotent""",2-Jan,874,Individual,Sir John B. Gurdon,10/2/1933,Dippenhall,United Kingdom,Male,Gurdon Institute,Cambridge,United Kingdom,,,
2012,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2012,"""for the discovery that mature cells can be reprogrammed to become pluripotent""",2-Jan,875,Individual,Shinya Yamanaka,9/4/1962,Osaka,Japan,Male,Kyoto University,Kyoto,Japan,,,
2012,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2012,"""for the discovery that mature cells can be reprogrammed to become pluripotent""",2-Jan,875,Individual,Shinya Yamanaka,9/4/1962,Osaka,Japan,Male,Gladstone Institutes,"San Francisco, CA",United States of America,,,
2012,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 2012,"""for over six decades contributed to the advancement of peace and reconciliation, democracy and human rights in Europe""",1-Jan,881,Organization,European Union (EU),,,,,,,,,,
2012,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 2012,"""for ground-breaking experimental methods that enable measuring and manipulation of individual quantum systems""",2-Jan,876,Individual,Serge Haroche,9/11/1944,Casablanca,Morocco,Male,Collège de France,Paris,France,,,
2012,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 2012,"""for ground-breaking experimental methods that enable measuring and manipulation of individual quantum systems""",2-Jan,876,Individual,Serge Haroche,9/11/1944,Casablanca,Morocco,Male,École Normale Supérieure,Paris,France,,,
2012,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 2012,"""for ground-breaking experimental methods that enable measuring and manipulation of individual quantum systems""",2-Jan,877,Individual,David J. Wineland,2/24/1944,"Milwaukee, WI",United States of America,Male,National Institute of Standards and Technology,"Boulder, CO",United States of America,,,
2012,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 2012,"""for ground-breaking experimental methods that enable measuring and manipulation of individual quantum systems""",2-Jan,877,Individual,David J. Wineland,2/24/1944,"Milwaukee, WI",United States of America,Male,University of Colorado,"Boulder, CO",United States of America,,,
2013,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2013,"""for the development of multiscale models for complex chemical systems""",3-Jan,889,Individual,Martin Karplus,3/15/1930,Vienna,Austria,Male,Université de Strasbourg,Strasbourg,France,,,
2013,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2013,"""for the development of multiscale models for complex chemical systems""",3-Jan,889,Individual,Martin Karplus,3/15/1930,Vienna,Austria,Male,Harvard University,"Cambridge, MA",United States of America,,,
2013,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2013,"""for the development of multiscale models for complex chemical systems""",3-Jan,890,Individual,Michael Levitt,5/9/1947,Pretoria,South Africa,Male,Stanford University School of Medicine,"Stanford, CA",United States of America,,,
2013,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2013,"""for the development of multiscale models for complex chemical systems""",3-Jan,891,Individual,Arieh Warshel,11/20/1940,Kibbutz Sde-Nahum,British Mandate of Palestine (Israel),Male,University of Southern California,"Los Angeles, CA",United States of America,,,
2013,Economics,The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 2013,"""for their empirical analysis of asset prices""",3-Jan,894,Individual,Eugene F. Fama,2/14/1939,"Boston, MA",United States of America,Male,University of Chicago,"Chicago, IL",United States of America,,,
2013,Economics,The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 2013,"""for their empirical analysis of asset prices""",3-Jan,895,Individual,Lars Peter Hansen,10/26/1952,"Urbana, IL",United States of America,Male,University of Chicago,"Chicago, IL",United States of America,,,
2013,Economics,The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 2013,"""for their empirical analysis of asset prices""",3-Jan,896,Individual,Robert J. Shiller,3/29/1946,"Detroit, MI",United States of America,Male,Yale University,"New Haven, CT",United States of America,,,
2013,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 2013,"""master of the contemporary short story""",1-Jan,892,Individual,Alice Munro,7/10/1931,Wingham,Canada,Female,,,,,,
2013,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2013,"""for their discoveries of machinery regulating vesicle traffic, a major transport system in our cells""",3-Jan,884,Individual,James E. Rothman,11/3/1950,"Haverhill, MA",United States of America,Male,Yale University,"New Haven, CT",United States of America,,,
2013,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2013,"""for their discoveries of machinery regulating vesicle traffic, a major transport system in our cells""",3-Jan,885,Individual,Randy W. Schekman,12/30/1948,"St. Paul, MN",United States of America,Male,University of California,"Berkeley, CA",United States of America,,,
2013,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2013,"""for their discoveries of machinery regulating vesicle traffic, a major transport system in our cells""",3-Jan,885,Individual,Randy W. Schekman,12/30/1948,"St. Paul, MN",United States of America,Male,Howard Hughes Medical Institute,,,,,
2013,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2013,"""for their discoveries of machinery regulating vesicle traffic, a major transport system in our cells""",3-Jan,886,Individual,Thomas C. Südhof,12/22/1955,Göttingen,Germany,Male,Stanford University,"Stanford, CA",United States of America,,,
2013,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2013,"""for their discoveries of machinery regulating vesicle traffic, a major transport system in our cells""",3-Jan,886,Individual,Thomas C. Südhof,12/22/1955,Göttingen,Germany,Male,Howard Hughes Medical Institute,,,,,
2013,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 2013,"""for its extensive efforts to eliminate chemical weapons""",1-Jan,893,Organization,Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW),,,,,,,,,,
2013,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 2013,"""for the theoretical discovery of a mechanism that contributes to our understanding of the origin of mass of subatomic particles, and which recently was confirmed through the discovery of the predicted fundamental particle, by the ATLAS and CMS experiments at CERN's Large Hadron Collider""",2-Jan,887,Individual,François Englert,11/6/1932,Etterbeek,Belgium,Male,Université Libre de Bruxelles,Brussels,Belgium,,,
2013,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 2013,"""for the theoretical discovery of a mechanism that contributes to our understanding of the origin of mass of subatomic particles, and which recently was confirmed through the discovery of the predicted fundamental particle, by the ATLAS and CMS experiments at CERN's Large Hadron Collider""",2-Jan,888,Individual,Peter W. Higgs,5/29/1929,Newcastle upon Tyne,United Kingdom,Male,University of Edinburgh,Edinburgh,United Kingdom,,,
2014,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2014,"""for the development of super-resolved fluorescence microscopy""",3-Jan,909,Individual,Eric Betzig,1/13/1960,"Ann Arbor, MI",United States of America,Male,"Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute","Ashburn, VA",United States of America,,,
2014,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2014,"""for the development of super-resolved fluorescence microscopy""",3-Jan,910,Individual,Stefan W. Hell,12/23/1962,Arad,Romania,Male,Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry,Göttingen,Germany,,,
2014,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2014,"""for the development of super-resolved fluorescence microscopy""",3-Jan,910,Individual,Stefan W. Hell,12/23/1962,Arad,Romania,Male,German Cancer Research Center,Heidelberg,Germany,,,
2014,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2014,"""for the development of super-resolved fluorescence microscopy""",3-Jan,911,Individual,William E. Moerner,6/24/1953,"Pleasanton, CA",United States of America,Male,Stanford University,"Stanford, CA",United States of America,,,
2014,Economics,The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 2014,"""for his analysis of market power and regulation""",1-Jan,915,Individual,Jean Tirole,8/9/1953,Troyes,France,Male,Toulouse School of Economics (TSE),Toulouse,France,,,
2014,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 2014,"""for the art of memory with which he has evoked the most ungraspable human destinies and uncovered the life-world of the occupation""",1-Jan,912,Individual,Patrick Modiano,7/30/1945,Paris,France,Male,,,,,,
2014,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2014,"""for their discoveries of cells that constitute a positioning system in the brain""",2-Jan,903,Individual,John O'Keefe,11/18/1939,"New York, NY",United States of America,Male,University College,London,United Kingdom,,,
2014,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2014,"""for their discoveries of cells that constitute a positioning system in the brain""",4-Jan,904,Individual,May-Britt Moser,1/4/1963,Fosnavåg,Norway,Female,Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU),Trondheim,Norway,,,
2014,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2014,"""for their discoveries of cells that constitute a positioning system in the brain""",4-Jan,905,Individual,Edvard I. Moser,4/27/1962,Ålesund,Norway,Male,Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU),Trondheim,Norway,,,
2014,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 2014,"""for their struggle against the suppression of children and young people and for the right of all children to education""",2-Jan,913,Individual,Kailash Satyarthi,1/11/1954,Vidisha,India,Male,,,,,,
2014,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 2014,"""for their struggle against the suppression of children and young people and for the right of all children to education""",2-Jan,914,Individual,Malala Yousafzai,7/12/1997,Mingora,Pakistan,Female,,,,,,
2014,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 2014,"""for the invention of efficient blue light-emitting diodes which has enabled bright and energy-saving white light sources""",3-Jan,906,Individual,Isamu Akasaki,1/30/1929,Chiran,Japan,Male,Meijo University,Nagoya,Japan,,,
2014,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 2014,"""for the invention of efficient blue light-emitting diodes which has enabled bright and energy-saving white light sources""",3-Jan,906,Individual,Isamu Akasaki,1/30/1929,Chiran,Japan,Male,Nagoya University,Nagoya,Japan,,,
2014,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 2014,"""for the invention of efficient blue light-emitting diodes which has enabled bright and energy-saving white light sources""",3-Jan,907,Individual,Hiroshi Amano,9/11/1960,Hamamatsu,Japan,Male,Nagoya University,Nagoya,Japan,,,
2014,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 2014,"""for the invention of efficient blue light-emitting diodes which has enabled bright and energy-saving white light sources""",3-Jan,908,Individual,Shuji Nakamura,5/22/1954,Ikata,Japan,Male,University of California,"Santa Barbara, CA",United States of America,,,
2015,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2015,"""for mechanistic studies of DNA repair""",3-Jan,921,Individual,Tomas Lindahl,1/28/1938,Stockholm,Sweden,Male,Francis Crick Institute,Hertfordshire,United Kingdom,,,
2015,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2015,"""for mechanistic studies of DNA repair""",3-Jan,921,Individual,Tomas Lindahl,1/28/1938,Stockholm,Sweden,Male,Clare Hall Laboratory,Hertfordshire,United Kingdom,,,
2015,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2015,"""for mechanistic studies of DNA repair""",3-Jan,922,Individual,Paul Modrich,6/13/1946,"Raton, NM",United States of America,Male,Howard Hughes Medical Institute,"Durham, NC",United States of America,,,
2015,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2015,"""for mechanistic studies of DNA repair""",3-Jan,922,Individual,Paul Modrich,6/13/1946,"Raton, NM",United States of America,Male,Duke University School of Medicine,"Durham, NC",United States of America,,,
2015,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2015,"""for mechanistic studies of DNA repair""",3-Jan,923,Individual,Aziz Sancar,9/8/1946,Savur,Turkey,Male,University of North Carolina,"Chapel Hill, NC",United States of America,,,
2015,Economics,The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 2015,"""for his analysis of consumption, poverty, and welfare""",1-Jan,926,Individual,Angus Deaton,10/19/1945,Edinburgh,United Kingdom,Male,Princeton University,"Princeton, NJ",United States of America,,,
2015,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 2015,"""for her polyphonic writings, a monument to suffering and courage in our time""",1-Jan,924,Individual,Svetlana Alexievich,5/31/1948,Ivano-Frankivsk,Ukraine,Female,,,,,,
2015,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2015,"""for their discoveries concerning a novel therapy against infections caused by roundworm parasites""",4-Jan,916,Individual,William C. Campbell,6/28/1930,Ramelton,Ireland,Male,Drew University,"Madison, NJ",United States of America,,,
2015,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2015,"""for their discoveries concerning a novel therapy against infections caused by roundworm parasites""",4-Jan,917,Individual,Satoshi Ōmura,7/12/1935,Yamanashi Prefecture,Japan,Male,Kitasato University,Tokyo,Japan,,,
2015,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2015,"""for her discoveries concerning a novel therapy against Malaria""",2-Jan,918,Individual,Youyou Tu,12/30/1930,Zhejiang Ningbo,China,Female,China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Beijing,China,,,
2015,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 2015,"""for its decisive contribution to the building of a pluralistic democracy in Tunisia in the wake of the Jasmine Revolution of 2011""",1-Jan,925,Organization,National Dialogue Quartet,,,,,,,,,,
2015,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 2015,"""for the discovery of neutrino oscillations, which shows that neutrinos have mass""",2-Jan,919,Individual,Takaaki Kajita,3/9/1959,Higashimatsuyama,Japan,Male,University of Tokyo,Kashiwa,Japan,,,
2015,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 2015,"""for the discovery of neutrino oscillations, which shows that neutrinos have mass""",2-Jan,920,Individual,Arthur B. McDonald,8/29/1943,Sydney,Canada,Male,Queen's University,Kingston,Canada,,,
2016,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2016,"""for the design and synthesis of molecular machines""",3-Jan,931,Individual,Jean-Pierre Sauvage,10/21/1944,Paris,France,Male,University of Strasbourg,Strasbourg,France,,,
2016,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2016,"""for the design and synthesis of molecular machines""",3-Jan,932,Individual,Sir J. Fraser Stoddart,5/24/1942,Edinburgh,United Kingdom,Male,Northwestern University,"Evanston, IL",United States of America,,,
2016,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2016,"""for the design and synthesis of molecular machines""",3-Jan,933,Individual,Bernard L. Feringa,5/18/1951,Barger-Compascuum,Netherlands,Male,University of Groningen,Groningen,Netherlands,,,
2016,Economics,The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 2016,"""for their contributions to contract theory""",2-Jan,935,Individual,Oliver Hart,10/9/1948,London,United Kingdom,Male,Harvard University,"Cambridge, MA",United States of America,,,
2016,Economics,The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 2016,"""for their contributions to contract theory""",2-Jan,936,Individual,Bengt Holmström,4/18/1949,Helsinki,Finland,Male,Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT),"Cambridge, MA",United States of America,,,
2016,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 2016,"""for having created new poetic expressions within the great American song tradition""",1-Jan,937,Individual,Bob Dylan,5/24/1941,"Duluth, MN",United States of America,Male,,,,,,
2016,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2016,"""for his discoveries of mechanisms for autophagy""",1-Jan,927,Individual,Yoshinori Ohsumi,2/9/1945,Fukuoka,Japan,Male,Tokyo Institute of Technology,Tokyo,Japan,,,
2016,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 2016,"""for his resolute efforts to bring the country's more than 50-year-long civil war to an end""",1-Jan,934,Individual,Juan Manuel Santos,8/10/1951,Bogotá,Colombia,Male,,,,,,
2016,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 2016,"""for theoretical discoveries of topological phase transitions and topological phases of matter""",2-Jan,928,Individual,David J. Thouless,9/21/1934,Bearsden,United Kingdom,Male,University of Washington,"Seattle, WA",United States of America,,,
2016,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 2016,"""for theoretical discoveries of topological phase transitions and topological phases of matter""",4-Jan,929,Individual,F. Duncan M. Haldane,9/14/1951,London,United Kingdom,Male,Princeton University,"Princeton, NJ",United States of America,,,
2016,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 2016,"""for theoretical discoveries of topological phase transitions and topological phases of matter""",4-Jan,930,Individual,J. Michael Kosterlitz,6/22/1943,Aberdeen,United Kingdom,Male,Brown University,"Providence, RI",United States of America,,,
=======,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Year,Category,Prize,Motivation,Prize_Share,Laureate_ID,Laureate_Type,Full_Name,Birth_Date,Birth_City,Birth_Country,Sex,Organization_Name,Organization_City,Organization_Country,Death_Date,Death_City,Death_Country
1901,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1901,"""in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered by the discovery of the laws of chemical dynamics and osmotic pressure in solutions""",1-Jan,160,Individual,Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff,1852-08-30,Rotterdam,Netherlands,Male,Berlin University,Berlin,Germany,3/1/1911,Berlin,Germany
1901,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 1901,"""in special recognition of his poetic composition, which gives evidence of lofty idealism, artistic perfection and a rare combination of the qualities of both heart and intellect""",1-Jan,569,Individual,Sully Prudhomme,1839-03-16,Paris,France,Male,,,,9/7/1907,Châtenay,France
1901,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1901,"""for his work on serum therapy, especially its application against diphtheria, by which he has opened a new road in the domain of medical science and thereby placed in the hands of the physician a victorious weapon against illness and deaths""",1-Jan,293,Individual,Emil Adolf von Behring,1854-03-15,Hansdorf (Lawice),Prussia (Poland),Male,Marburg University,Marburg,Germany,3/31/1917,Marburg,Germany
1901,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1901,,2-Jan,462,Individual,Jean Henry Dunant,1828-05-08,Geneva,Switzerland,Male,,,,10/30/1910,Heiden,Switzerland
1901,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1901,,2-Jan,463,Individual,Frédéric Passy,1822-05-20,Paris,France,Male,,,,6/12/1912,Paris,France
1901,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1901,"""in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered by the discovery of the remarkable rays subsequently named after him""",1-Jan,1,Individual,Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen,1845-03-27,Lennep (Remscheid),Prussia (Germany),Male,Munich University,Munich,Germany,2/10/1923,Munich,Germany
1902,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1902,"""in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered by his work on sugar and purine syntheses""",1-Jan,161,Individual,Hermann Emil Fischer,1852-10-09,Euskirchen,Prussia (Germany),Male,Berlin University,Berlin,Germany,7/15/1919,Berlin,Germany
1902,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 1902,"""the greatest living master of the art of historical writing, with special reference to his monumental work, <I>A history of Rome</I>""",1-Jan,571,Individual,Christian Matthias Theodor Mommsen,1817-11-30,Garding,Schleswig (Germany),Male,,,,11/1/1903,Charlottenburg,Germany
1902,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1902,"""for his work on malaria, by which he has shown how it enters the organism and thereby has laid the foundation for successful research on this disease and methods of combating it""",1-Jan,294,Individual,Ronald Ross,1857-05-13,Almora,India,Male,University College,Liverpool,United Kingdom,9/16/1932,Putney Heath,United Kingdom
1902,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1902,,2-Jan,464,Individual,Élie Ducommun,1833-02-19,Geneva,Switzerland,Male,,,,12/7/1906,Bern,Switzerland
1902,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1902,,2-Jan,465,Individual,Charles Albert Gobat,1843-05-21,Tramelan,Switzerland,Male,,,,3/16/1914,Bern,Switzerland
1902,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1902,"""in recognition of the extraordinary service they rendered by their researches into the influence of magnetism upon radiation phenomena""",2-Jan,2,Individual,Hendrik Antoon Lorentz,1853-07-18,Arnhem,Netherlands,Male,Leiden University,Leiden,Netherlands,2/4/1928,,Netherlands
1902,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1902,"""in recognition of the extraordinary service they rendered by their researches into the influence of magnetism upon radiation phenomena""",2-Jan,3,Individual,Pieter Zeeman,1865-05-25,Zonnemaire,Netherlands,Male,Amsterdam University,Amsterdam,Netherlands,10/9/1943,Amsterdam,Netherlands
1903,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1903,"""in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered to the advancement of chemistry by his electrolytic theory of dissociation""",1-Jan,162,Individual,Svante August Arrhenius,1859-02-19,Vik,Sweden,Male,Stockholm University,Stockholm,Sweden,10/2/1927,Stockholm,Sweden
1903,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 1903,"""as a tribute to his noble, magnificent and versatile poetry, which has always been distinguished by both the freshness of its inspiration and the rare purity of its spirit""",1-Jan,572,Individual,Bjørnstjerne Martinus Bjørnson,1832-12-08,Kvikne,Norway,Male,,,,4/26/1910,Paris,France
1903,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1903,"""in recognition of his contribution to the treatment of diseases, especially lupus vulgaris, with concentrated light radiation, whereby he has opened a new avenue for medical science""",1-Jan,295,Individual,Niels Ryberg Finsen,1860-12-15,Thorshavn,Faroe Islands (Denmark),Male,Finsen Medical Light Institute,Copenhagen,Denmark,9/24/1904,Copenhagen,Denmark
1903,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1903,,1-Jan,466,Individual,William Randal Cremer,1828-03-18,Fareham,United Kingdom,Male,,,,7/22/1908,London,United Kingdom
1903,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1903,"""in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered by his discovery of spontaneous radioactivity""",2-Jan,4,Individual,Antoine Henri Becquerel,1852-12-15,Paris,France,Male,École Polytechnique,Paris,France,8/25/1908,,France
1903,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1903,"""in recognition of the extraordinary services they have rendered by their joint researches on the radiation phenomena discovered by Professor Henri Becquerel""",4-Jan,5,Individual,Pierre Curie,1859-05-15,Paris,France,Male,École municipale de physique et de chimie industrielles (Municipal School of Industrial Physics and Chemistry),Paris,France,4/19/1906,Paris,France
1903,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1903,"""in recognition of the extraordinary services they have rendered by their joint researches on the radiation phenomena discovered by Professor Henri Becquerel""",4-Jan,6,Individual,"Marie Curie, née Sklodowska",1867-11-07,Warsaw,Russian Empire (Poland),Female,,,,7/4/1934,Sallanches,France
1904,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1904,"""in recognition of his services in the discovery of the inert gaseous elements in air, and his determination of their place in the periodic system""",1-Jan,163,Individual,Sir William Ramsay,1852-10-02,Glasgow,Scotland,Male,University College,London,United Kingdom,7/23/1916,High Wycombe,United Kingdom
1904,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 1904,"""in recognition of the fresh originality and true inspiration of his poetic production, which faithfully reflects the natural scenery and native spirit of his people, and, in addition, his significant work as a Proven&ccedil;al philologist""",2-Jan,573,Individual,Frédéric Mistral,1830-09-08,Maillane,France,Male,,,,3/25/1914,Maillane,France
1904,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 1904,"""in recognition of the numerous and brilliant compositions which, in an individual and original manner, have revived the great traditions of the Spanish drama""",2-Jan,574,Individual,José Echegaray y Eizaguirre,1832-04-19,Madrid,Spain,Male,,,,9/4/1916,Madrid,Spain
1904,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1904,"""in recognition of his work on the physiology of digestion, through which knowledge on vital aspects of the subject has been transformed and enlarged""",1-Jan,296,Individual,Ivan Petrovich Pavlov,1849-09-14,Ryazan,Russia,Male,Military Medical Academy,St. Petersburg,Russia,2/27/1936,Leningrad,Russia
1904,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1904,,1-Jan,467,Organization,Institut de droit international (Institute of International Law),,,,,,,,,,
1904,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1904,"""for his investigations of the densities of the most important gases and for his discovery of argon in connection with these studies""",1-Jan,8,Individual,Lord Rayleigh (John William Strutt),1842-11-12,"Langford Grove, Maldon, Essex",United Kingdom,Male,Royal Institution of Great Britain,London,United Kingdom,6/30/1919,,United Kingdom
1905,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1905,"""in recognition of his services in the advancement of organic chemistry and the chemical industry, through his work on organic dyes and hydroaromatic compounds""",1-Jan,164,Individual,Johann Friedrich Wilhelm Adolf von Baeyer,1835-10-31,Berlin,Prussia (Germany),Male,Munich University,Munich,Germany,8/20/1917,Starnberg,Germany
1905,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 1905,"""because of his outstanding merits as an epic writer""",1-Jan,575,Individual,Henryk Sienkiewicz,1846-05-05,Wola Okrzejska,Poland,Male,,,,11/15/1916,Vevey,Switzerland
1905,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1905,"""for his investigations and discoveries in relation to tuberculosis""",1-Jan,297,Individual,Robert Koch,1843-12-11,Clausthal (Clausthal-Zellerfeld),Germany,Male,Institute for Infectious Diseases,Berlin,Germany,5/27/1910,Baden-Baden,Germany
1905,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1905,,1-Jan,468,Individual,"Baroness Bertha Sophie Felicita von Suttner, née Countess Kinsky von Chinic und Tettau",1843-06-09,Prague,Austrian Empire (Czech Republic),Female,,,,6/21/1914,Vienna,Austria
1905,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1905,"""for his work on cathode rays""",1-Jan,9,Individual,Philipp Eduard Anton von Lenard,1862-06-07,Pressburg (Bratislava),Hungary (Slovakia),Male,Kiel University,Kiel,Germany,5/20/1947,Messelhausen,Germany
1906,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1906,"""in recognition of the great services rendered by him in his investigation and isolation of the element fluorine, and for the adoption in the service of science of the electric furnace called after him""",1-Jan,165,Individual,Henri Moissan,1852-09-28,Paris,France,Male,Sorbonne University,Paris,France,2/20/1907,Paris,France
1906,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 1906,"""not only in consideration of his deep learning and critical research, but above all as a tribute to the creative energy, freshness of style, and lyrical force which characterize his poetic masterpieces""",1-Jan,576,Individual,Giosuè Carducci,1835-07-27,Val di Castello,Tuscany (Italy),Male,,,,2/16/1907,Bologna,Italy
1906,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1906,"""in recognition of their work on the structure of the nervous system""",2-Jan,298,Individual,Camillo Golgi,1843-07-07,Corteno,Italy,Male,Pavia University,Pavia,Italy,1/21/1926,Pavia,Italy
1906,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1906,"""in recognition of their work on the structure of the nervous system""",2-Jan,299,Individual,Santiago Ramón y Cajal,1852-05-01,Petilla de Aragó,Spain,Male,Madrid University,Madrid,Spain,10/17/1934,Madrid,Spain
1906,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1906,,1-Jan,470,Individual,Theodore Roosevelt,1858-10-27,"New York, NY",United States of America,Male,,,,1/6/1919,"Oyster Bay, NY",United States of America
1906,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1906,"""in recognition of the great merits of his theoretical and experimental investigations on the conduction of electricity by gases""",1-Jan,10,Individual,Joseph John Thomson,1856-12-18,"Cheetham Hill, near Manchester",United Kingdom,Male,University of Cambridge,Cambridge,United Kingdom,8/30/1940,Cambridge,United Kingdom
1907,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1907,"""for his biochemical researches and his discovery of cell-free fermentation""",1-Jan,166,Individual,Eduard Buchner,1860-05-20,Munich,Bavaria (Germany),Male,Landwirtschaftliche Hochschule (Agricultural College),Berlin,Germany,8/13/1917,Focsani,Romania
1907,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 1907,"""in consideration of the power of observation, originality of imagination, virility of ideas and remarkable talent for narration which characterize the creations of this world-famous author""",1-Jan,577,Individual,Rudyard Kipling,1865-12-30,Bombay,British India (India),Male,,,,1/18/1936,London,United Kingdom
1907,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1907,"""in recognition of his work on the role played by protozoa in causing diseases""",1-Jan,300,Individual,Charles Louis Alphonse Laveran,1845-06-18,Paris,France,Male,Institut Pasteur,Paris,France,5/18/1922,Paris,France
1907,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1907,,2-Jan,471,Individual,Ernesto Teodoro Moneta,1833-09-20,Milan,Austrian Empire (Italy),Male,,,,2/10/1918,Milan,Italy
1907,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1907,,2-Jan,472,Individual,Louis Renault,1843-05-21,Autun,France,Male,Sorbonne University,Paris,France,2/8/1918,Barbizon,France
1907,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1907,"""for his optical precision instruments and the spectroscopic and metrological investigations carried out with their aid""",1-Jan,11,Individual,Albert Abraham Michelson,1852-12-19,Strelno (Strzelno),Prussia (Poland),Male,University of Chicago,"Chicago, IL",United States of America,5/9/1931,"Pasadena, CA",United States of America
1908,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1908,"""for his investigations into the disintegration of the elements, and the chemistry of radioactive substances""",1-Jan,167,Individual,Ernest Rutherford,1871-08-30,Nelson,New Zealand,Male,Victoria University,Manchester,United Kingdom,10/19/1937,Cambridge,United Kingdom
1908,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 1908,"""in recognition of his earnest search for truth, his penetrating power of thought, his wide range of vision, and the warmth and strength in presentation with which in his numerous works he has vindicated and developed an idealistic philosophy of life""",1-Jan,578,Individual,Rudolf Christoph Eucken,1846-01-05,Aurich,East Friesland (Germany),Male,,,,9/14/1926,Jena,Germany
1908,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1908,"""in recognition of their work on immunity""",2-Jan,301,Individual,Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov,1845-05-15,Kharkov (Kharkiv),Russian Empire (Ukraine),Male,Institut Pasteur,Paris,France,7/15/1916,Paris,France
1908,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1908,"""in recognition of their work on immunity""",2-Jan,302,Individual,Paul Ehrlich,1854-03-14,Strehlen (Strzelin),Prussia (Poland),Male,Goettingen University,Göttingen,Germany,8/20/1915,Bad Homburg vor der Höhe,Germany
1908,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1908,"""in recognition of their work on immunity""",2-Jan,302,Individual,Paul Ehrlich,1854-03-14,Strehlen (Strzelin),Prussia (Poland),Male,Königliches Institut für experimentelle Therapie (Royal Institute for Experimental Therapy),Frankfurt-on-the-Main,Germany,8/20/1915,Bad Homburg vor der Höhe,Germany
1908,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1908,,2-Jan,473,Individual,Klas Pontus Arnoldson,1844-10-27,Gothenburg,Sweden,Male,,,,2/20/1916,Stockholm,Sweden
1908,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1908,,2-Jan,474,Individual,Fredrik Bajer,1837-04-21,Næstved,Denmark,Male,,,,1/22/1922,Copenhagen,Denmark
1908,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1908,"""for his method of reproducing colours photographically based on the phenomenon of interference""",1-Jan,12,Individual,Gabriel Lippmann,1845-08-16,Hollerich,Luxembourg,Male,Sorbonne University,Paris,France,7/13/1921,,
1909,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1909,"""in recognition of his work on catalysis and for his investigations into the fundamental principles governing chemical equilibria and rates of reaction""",1-Jan,168,Individual,Wilhelm Ostwald,1853-09-02,Riga,Russian Empire (Latvia),Male,Leipzig University,Leipzig,Germany,4/4/1932,Leipzig,Germany
1909,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 1909,"""in appreciation of the lofty idealism, vivid imagination and spiritual perception that characterize her writings""",1-Jan,579,Individual,Selma Ottilia Lovisa Lagerlöf,1858-11-20,Mårbacka,Sweden,Female,,,,3/16/1940,Mårbacka,Sweden
1909,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1909,"""for his work on the physiology, pathology and surgery of the thyroid gland""",1-Jan,303,Individual,Emil Theodor Kocher,1841-08-25,Berne,Switzerland,Male,Berne University,Berne,Switzerland,7/27/1917,Berne,Switzerland
1909,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1909,,2-Jan,475,Individual,Auguste Marie François Beernaert,1829-07-26,Ostend,Belgium,Male,,,,10/6/1912,Lucerne,Switzerland
1909,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1909,,2-Jan,476,Individual,"Paul Henri Benjamin Balluet d'Estournelles de Constant, Baron de Constant de Rebecque",1852-11-22,La Flèche,France,Male,,,,5/15/1924,Paris,France
1909,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1909,"""in recognition of their contributions to the development of wireless telegraphy""",2-Jan,13,Individual,Guglielmo Marconi,1874-04-25,Bologna,Italy,Male,Marconi Wireless Telegraph Co. Ltd.,London,United Kingdom,7/20/1937,Rome,Italy
1909,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1909,"""in recognition of their contributions to the development of wireless telegraphy""",2-Jan,14,Individual,Karl Ferdinand Braun,1850-06-06,Fulda,Hesse-Kassel (Germany),Male,Strasbourg University,Strasbourg,"Alsace (then Germany, now France)",4/20/1918,"Brooklyn, NY",United States of America
1910,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1910,"""in recognition of his services to organic chemistry and the chemical industry by his pioneer work in the field of alicyclic compounds""",1-Jan,169,Individual,Otto Wallach,1847-03-27,Koenigsberg (Kaliningrad),Germany (Russia),Male,Goettingen University,Göttingen,Germany,2/26/1931,Göttingen,Germany
1910,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 1910,"""as a tribute to the consummate artistry, permeated with idealism, which he has demonstrated during his long productive career as a lyric poet, dramatist, novelist and writer of world-renowned short stories""",1-Jan,580,Individual,Paul Johann Ludwig Heyse,1830-03-15,Berlin,Prussia (Germany),Male,,,,4/2/1914,Munich,Germany
1910,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1910,"""in recognition of the contributions to our knowledge of cell chemistry made through his work on proteins, including the nucleic substances""",1-Jan,304,Individual,Albrecht Kossel,1853-09-16,Rostock,Mecklenburg (Germany),Male,University of Heidelberg,Heidelberg,Germany,7/5/1927,Heidelberg,Germany
1910,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1910,,1-Jan,477,Organization,Bureau international permanent de la Paix (Permanent International Peace Bureau),,,,,,,,,,
1910,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1910,"""for his work on the equation of state for gases and liquids""",1-Jan,15,Individual,Johannes Diderik van der Waals,1837-11-23,Leiden,Netherlands,Male,Amsterdam University,Amsterdam,Netherlands,3/8/1923,Amsterdam,Netherlands
1911,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1911,"""in recognition of her services to the advancement of chemistry by the discovery of the elements radium and polonium, by the isolation of radium and the study of the nature and compounds of this remarkable element""",1-Jan,6,Individual,"Marie Curie, née Sklodowska",1867-11-07,Warsaw,Russian Empire (Poland),Female,Sorbonne University,Paris,France,7/4/1934,Sallanches,France
1911,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 1911,"""in appreciation of his many-sided literary activities, and especially of his dramatic works, which are distinguished by a wealth of imagination and by a poetic fancy, which reveals, sometimes in the guise of a fairy tale, a deep inspiration, while in a mysterious way they appeal to the readers' own feelings and stimulate their imaginations""",1-Jan,581,Individual,Count Maurice (Mooris) Polidore Marie Bernhard Maeterlinck,1862-08-29,Ghent,Belgium,Male,,,,5/6/1949,Nice,France
1911,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1911,"""for his work on the dioptrics of the eye""",1-Jan,305,Individual,Allvar Gullstrand,1862-06-05,Landskrona,Sweden,Male,Uppsala University,Uppsala,Sweden,7/28/1930,Stockholm,Sweden
1911,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1911,,2-Jan,478,Individual,Tobias Michael Carel Asser,1838-04-28,Amsterdam,Netherlands,Male,,,,7/29/1913,the Hague,Netherlands
1911,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1911,,2-Jan,479,Individual,Alfred Hermann Fried,1864-11-11,Vienna,Austria,Male,,,,5/5/1921,Vienna,Austria
1911,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1911,"""for his discoveries regarding the laws governing the radiation of heat""",1-Jan,16,Individual,Wilhelm Wien,1864-01-13,Gaffken (Parusnoye),Prussia (Russia),Male,Würzburg University,Würzburg,Germany,8/30/1928,Munich,Germany
1912,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1912,"""for the discovery of the so-called Grignard reagent, which in recent years has greatly advanced the progress of organic chemistry""",2-Jan,172,Individual,Victor Grignard,1871-05-06,Cherbourg,France,Male,Nancy University,Nancy,France,12/13/1935,Lyon,France
1912,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1912,"""for his method of hydrogenating organic compounds in the presence of finely disintegrated metals whereby the progress of organic chemistry has been greatly advanced in recent years""",2-Jan,173,Individual,Paul Sabatier,1854-11-05,Carcassonne,France,Male,Toulouse University,Toulouse,France,8/14/1941,Toulouse,France
1912,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 1912,"""primarily in recognition of his fruitful, varied and outstanding production in the realm of dramatic art""",1-Jan,582,Individual,Gerhart Johann Robert Hauptmann,1862-11-15,Bad Salzbrunn,Prussia (Germany),Male,,,,6/6/1946,Agnetendorf (Jagniatków),Germany (Poland)
1912,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1912,"""in recognition of his work on vascular suture and the transplantation of blood vessels and organs""",1-Jan,306,Individual,Alexis Carrel,1873-06-28,Sainte-Foy-lès-Lyon,France,Male,Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research,"New York, NY",United States of America,11/5/1944,Paris,France
1912,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1912,,1-Jan,480,Individual,Elihu Root,1845-02-15,"Clinton, NY",United States of America,Male,,,,2/7/1937,"New York, NY",United States of America
1912,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1912,"""for his invention of automatic regulators for use in conjunction with gas accumulators for illuminating lighthouses and buoys""",1-Jan,17,Individual,Nils Gustaf Dalén,1869-11-30,Stenstorp,Sweden,Male,Swedish Gas-Accumulator Co.,Lidingö-Stockholm,Sweden,12/9/1937,Stockholm,Sweden
1913,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1913,"""in recognition of his work on the linkage of atoms in molecules by which he has thrown new light on earlier investigations and opened up new fields of research especially in inorganic chemistry""",1-Jan,174,Individual,Alfred Werner,1866-12-12,Mulhouse,France,Male,University of Zurich,Zurich,Switzerland,11/15/1919,Zurich,Switzerland
1913,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 1913,"""because of his profoundly sensitive, fresh and beautiful verse, by which, with consummate skill, he has made his poetic thought, expressed in his own English words, a part of the literature of the West""",1-Jan,583,Individual,Rabindranath Tagore,1861-05-07,Calcutta,India,Male,,,,8/7/1941,Calcutta,India
1913,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1913,"""in recognition of his work on anaphylaxis""",1-Jan,307,Individual,Charles Robert Richet,1850-08-26,Paris,France,Male,Sorbonne University,Paris,France,12/4/1935,Paris,France
1913,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1913,,1-Jan,481,Individual,Henri La Fontaine,1854-04-22,Brussels,Belgium,Male,,,,5/14/1943,Brussels,Belgium
1913,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1913,"""for his investigations on the properties of matter at low temperatures which led, inter alia, to the production of liquid helium""",1-Jan,18,Individual,Heike Kamerlingh Onnes,1853-09-21,Groningen,Netherlands,Male,Leiden University,Leiden,Netherlands,2/21/1926,Leiden,Netherlands
1914,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1914,"""in recognition of his accurate determinations of the atomic weight of a large number of chemical elements""",1-Jan,175,Individual,Theodore William Richards,1868-01-31,"Germantown, PA",United States of America,Male,Harvard University,"Cambridge, MA",United States of America,4/2/1928,"Cambridge, MA",United States of America
1914,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1914,"""for his work on the physiology and pathology of the vestibular apparatus""",1-Jan,308,Individual,Robert Bárány,1876-04-22,Vienna,Austria,Male,Vienna University,Vienna,Austria,4/8/1936,Uppsala,Sweden
1914,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1914,"""for his discovery of the diffraction of X-rays by crystals""",1-Jan,19,Individual,Max von Laue,1879-10-09,Pfaffendorf,Germany,Male,Frankfurt-on-the-Main University,Frankfurt-on-the-Main,Germany,4/23/1960,Berlin,West Germany (Germany)
1915,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1915,"""for his researches on plant pigments, especially chlorophyll""",1-Jan,176,Individual,Richard Martin Willstätter,1872-08-13,Karlsruhe,Germany,Male,Munich University,Munich,Germany,8/3/1942,Locarno,Switzerland
1915,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 1915,"""as a tribute to the lofty idealism of his literary production and to the sympathy and love of truth with which he has described different types of human beings""",1-Jan,584,Individual,Romain Rolland,1866-01-29,Clamecy,France,Male,,,,12/30/1944,Vézelay,France
1915,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1915,"""for their services in the analysis of crystal structure by means of X-rays""",2-Jan,20,Individual,Sir William Henry Bragg,1862-07-02,Wigton,United Kingdom,Male,University College,London,United Kingdom,3/12/1942,London,United Kingdom
1915,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1915,"""for their services in the analysis of crystal structure by means of X-rays""",2-Jan,21,Individual,William Lawrence Bragg,1890-03-31,Adelaide,Australia,Male,Victoria University,Manchester,United Kingdom,7/1/1971,Ipswich,United Kingdom
1916,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 1916,"""in recognition of his significance as the leading representative of a new era in our literature""",1-Jan,585,Individual,Carl Gustaf Verner von Heidenstam,1859-07-06,Olshammar,Sweden,Male,,,,5/20/1940,Övralid,Sweden
1917,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 1917,"""for his varied and rich poetry, which is inspired by lofty ideals""",2-Jan,586,Individual,Karl Adolph Gjellerup,1857-06-02,Roholte,Denmark,Male,,,,10/11/1919,Klotzsche,Germany
1917,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 1917,"""for his authentic descriptions of present-day life in Denmark""",2-Jan,587,Individual,Henrik Pontoppidan,1857-07-24,Fredericia,Denmark,Male,,,,8/21/1943,Ordrup,Denmark
1917,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1917,,1-Jan,482,Organization,Comité international de la Croix Rouge (International Committee of the Red Cross),,,,,,,,,,
1917,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1917,"""for his discovery of the characteristic R&ouml;ntgen radiation of the elements""",1-Jan,22,Individual,Charles Glover Barkla,1877-06-07,Widnes,United Kingdom,Male,Edinburgh University,Edinburgh,United Kingdom,10/23/1944,Edinburgh,Scotland
1918,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1918,"""for the synthesis of ammonia from its elements""",1-Jan,177,Individual,Fritz Haber,1868-12-09,Breslau (Wroclaw),Prussia (Poland),Male,Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut (now Fritz-Haber-Institut) für physikalische Chemie und Electrochemie,Berlin-Dahlem,Germany,1/29/1934,Basel,Switzerland
1918,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1918,"""in recognition of the services he rendered to the advancement of Physics by his discovery of energy quanta""",1-Jan,23,Individual,Max Karl Ernst Ludwig Planck,1858-04-23,Kiel,Schleswig (Germany),Male,Berlin University,Berlin,Germany,10/4/1947,Göttingen,West Germany (Germany)
1919,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 1919,"""in special appreciation of his epic, <I>Olympian Spring</I>""",1-Jan,588,Individual,Carl Friedrich Georg Spitteler,1845-04-24,Liestal,Switzerland,Male,,,,12/29/1924,Lucerne,Switzerland
1919,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1919,"""for his discoveries relating to immunity""",1-Jan,309,Individual,Jules Bordet,1870-06-13,Soignies,Belgium,Male,Brussels University,Brussels,Belgium,4/6/1961,Brussels,Belgium
1919,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1919,,1-Jan,483,Individual,Thomas Woodrow Wilson,1856-12-28,"Staunton, VA",United States of America,Male,,,,2/3/1924,"Washington, DC",United States of America
1919,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1919,"""for his discovery of the Doppler effect in canal rays and the splitting of spectral lines in electric fields""",1-Jan,24,Individual,Johannes Stark,1874-04-15,Schickenhof,Germany,Male,Greifswald University,Greifswald,Germany,6/21/1957,Traunstein,West Germany (Germany)
1920,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1920,"""in recognition of his work in thermochemistry""",1-Jan,178,Individual,Walther Hermann Nernst,1864-06-25,Briesen,Prussia (Germany),Male,Berlin University,Berlin,Germany,11/18/1941,Muskau,Germany
1920,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 1920,"""for his monumental work, <I>Growth of the Soil</I>""",1-Jan,589,Individual,Knut Pedersen Hamsun,1859-08-04,Lom,Norway,Male,,,,2/19/1952,Grimstad,Norway
1920,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1920,"""for his discovery of the capillary motor regulating mechanism""",1-Jan,310,Individual,Schack August Steenberg Krogh,1874-11-15,Grenå,Denmark,Male,Copenhagen University,Copenhagen,Denmark,9/13/1949,Copenhagen,Denmark
1920,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1920,,1-Jan,484,Individual,Léon Victor Auguste Bourgeois,1851-05-21,Paris,France,Male,,,,9/29/1925,Épernay,France
1920,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1920,"""in recognition of the service he has rendered to precision measurements in Physics by his discovery of anomalies in nickel steel alloys""",1-Jan,25,Individual,Charles Edouard Guillaume,1861-02-15,Fleurier,Switzerland,Male,Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (International Bureau of Weights and Measures),Sèvres,France,6/13/1938,Sèvres,France
1921,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1921,"""for his contributions to our knowledge of the chemistry of radioactive substances, and his investigations into the origin and nature of isotopes""",1-Jan,179,Individual,Frederick Soddy,1877-09-02,Eastbourne,United Kingdom,Male,University of Oxford,Oxford,United Kingdom,9/22/1956,Brighton,United Kingdom
1921,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 1921,"""in recognition of his brilliant literary achievements, characterized as they are by a nobility of style, a profound human sympathy, grace, and a true Gallic temperament""",1-Jan,590,Individual,Anatole France,1844-04-16,Paris,France,Male,,,,10/12/1924,Saint-Cyr-sur-Loire,France
1921,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1921,,2-Jan,485,Individual,Karl Hjalmar Branting,1860-11-23,Stockholm,Sweden,Male,,,,2/24/1925,Stockholm,Sweden
1921,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1921,,2-Jan,486,Individual,Christian Lous Lange,1869-09-17,Stavanger,Norway,Male,,,,12/11/1938,Oslo,Norway
1921,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1921,"""for his services to Theoretical Physics, and especially for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect""",1-Jan,26,Individual,Albert Einstein,1879-03-14,Ulm,Germany,Male,Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut (now Max-Planck-Institut) für Physik,Berlin,Germany,4/18/1955,"Princeton, NJ",United States of America
1922,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1922,"""for his discovery, by means of his mass spectrograph, of isotopes, in a large number of non-radioactive elements, and for his enunciation of the whole-number rule""",1-Jan,180,Individual,Francis William Aston,1877-09-01,Harborne,United Kingdom,Male,University of Cambridge,Cambridge,United Kingdom,11/20/1945,Cambridge,United Kingdom
1922,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 1922,"""for the happy manner in which he has continued the illustrious traditions of the Spanish drama""",1-Jan,592,Individual,Jacinto Benavente,1866-08-12,Madrid,Spain,Male,,,,7/14/1954,Madrid,Spain
1922,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1922,"""for his discovery relating to the production of heat in the muscle""",2-Jan,311,Individual,Archibald Vivian Hill,1886-09-26,Bristol,United Kingdom,Male,London University,London,United Kingdom,6/3/1977,Cambridge,United Kingdom
1922,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1922,"""for his discovery of the fixed relationship between the consumption of oxygen and the metabolism of lactic acid in the muscle""",2-Jan,312,Individual,Otto Fritz Meyerhof,1884-04-12,Hanover,Germany,Male,Kiel University,Kiel,Germany,10/6/1951,"Philadelphia, PA",United States of America
1922,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1922,,1-Jan,487,Individual,Fridtjof Nansen,1861-10-10,Kristiania (Oslo),Norway,Male,,,,5/13/1930,Oslo,Norway
1922,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1922,"""for his services in the investigation of the structure of atoms and of the radiation emanating from them""",1-Jan,27,Individual,Niels Henrik David Bohr,1885-10-07,Copenhagen,Denmark,Male,Copenhagen University,Copenhagen,Denmark,11/18/1962,Copenhagen,Denmark
1923,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1923,"""for his invention of the method of micro-analysis of organic substances""",1-Jan,181,Individual,Fritz Pregl,1869-09-03,Laibach (Ljubljana),Austria-Hungary (Slovenia),Male,Graz University,Graz,Austria,12/13/1930,Graz,Austria
1923,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 1923,"""for his always inspired poetry, which in a highly artistic form gives expression to the spirit of a whole nation""",1-Jan,593,Individual,William Butler Yeats,1865-06-13,Dublin,Ireland,Male,,,,1/28/1939,Roquebrune-Cap-Martin,France
1923,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1923,"""for the discovery of insulin""",2-Jan,313,Individual,Frederick Grant Banting,1891-11-14,Alliston,Canada,Male,University of Toronto,Toronto,Canada,2/21/1941,Newfoundland,Canada
1923,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1923,"""for the discovery of insulin""",2-Jan,314,Individual,John James Rickard Macleod,1876-09-06,Cluny,Scotland,Male,University of Toronto,Toronto,Canada,3/16/1935,Aberdeen,Scotland
1923,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1923,"""for his work on the elementary charge of electricity and on the photoelectric effect""",1-Jan,28,Individual,Robert Andrews Millikan,1868-03-22,"Morrison, IL",United States of America,Male,California Institute of Technology (Caltech),"Pasadena, CA",United States of America,12/19/1953,"San Marino, CA",United States of America
1924,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 1924,"""for his great national epic, <I>The Peasants</I>""",1-Jan,594,Individual,Wladyslaw Stanislaw Reymont,1867-05-07,Kobiele Wielkie,Russian Empire (Poland),Male,,,,12/5/1925,Warsaw,Poland
1924,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1924,"""for his discovery of the mechanism of the electrocardiogram""",1-Jan,315,Individual,Willem Einthoven,1860-05-21,Semarang,"Java, Dutch East Indies (Indonesia)",Male,Leiden University,Leiden,Netherlands,9/29/1927,Leiden,Netherlands
1924,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1924,"""for his discoveries and research in the field of X-ray spectroscopy""",1-Jan,29,Individual,Karl Manne Georg Siegbahn,1886-12-03,Lund,Sweden,Male,Uppsala University,Uppsala,Sweden,9/26/1978,Ängelholm,Sweden
1925,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1925,"""for his demonstration of the heterogenous nature of colloid solutions and for the methods he used, which have since become fundamental in modern colloid chemistry""",1-Jan,182,Individual,Richard Adolf Zsigmondy,1865-04-01,Vienna,Austrian Empire (Austria),Male,Goettingen University,Göttingen,Germany,9/24/1929,Göttingen,Germany
1925,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 1925,"""for his work which is marked by both idealism and humanity, its stimulating satire often being infused with a singular poetic beauty""",1-Jan,596,Individual,George Bernard Shaw,1856-07-26,Dublin,Ireland,Male,,,,11/2/1950,Ayot St. Lawrence,United Kingdom
1925,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1925,,2-Jan,488,Individual,Sir Austen Chamberlain,1863-10-16,Birmingham,United Kingdom,Male,,,,3/16/1937,London,United Kingdom
1925,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1925,,2-Jan,489,Individual,Charles Gates Dawes,1865-08-27,"Marietta, OH",United States of America,Male,,,,4/23/1951,"Evanston, IL",United States of America
1925,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1925,"""for their discovery of the laws governing the impact of an electron upon an atom""",2-Jan,30,Individual,James Franck,1882-08-26,Hamburg,Germany,Male,Goettingen University,Göttingen,Germany,5/21/1964,Göttingen,West Germany (Germany)
1925,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1925,"""for their discovery of the laws governing the impact of an electron upon an atom""",2-Jan,31,Individual,Gustav Ludwig Hertz,1887-07-22,Hamburg,Germany,Male,Halle University,Halle,Germany,10/30/1975,Berlin,East Germany
1926,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1926,"""for his work on disperse systems""",1-Jan,183,Individual,The (Theodor) Svedberg,1884-08-30,Fleräng,Sweden,Male,Uppsala University,Uppsala,Sweden,2/25/1971,Örebro,Sweden
1926,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 1926,"""for her idealistically inspired writings which with plastic clarity picture the life on her native island and with depth and sympathy deal with human problems in general""",1-Jan,597,Individual,Grazia Deledda,1871-09-27,"Nuoro, Sardinia",Italy,Female,,,,8/15/1936,Rome,Italy
1926,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1926,"""for his discovery of the Spiroptera carcinoma""",1-Jan,316,Individual,Johannes Andreas Grib Fibiger,1867-04-23,Silkeborg,Denmark,Male,Copenhagen University,Copenhagen,Denmark,1/30/1928,Copenhagen,Denmark
1926,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1926,,2-Jan,490,Individual,Aristide Briand,1862-03-28,Nantes,France,Male,,,,3/7/1932,Paris,France
1926,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1926,,2-Jan,491,Individual,Gustav Stresemann,1878-05-10,Berlin,Germany,Male,,,,10/3/1929,Berlin,Germany
1926,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1926,"""for his work on the discontinuous structure of matter, and especially for his discovery of sedimentation equilibrium""",1-Jan,32,Individual,Jean Baptiste Perrin,1870-09-30,Lille,France,Male,Sorbonne University,Paris,France,4/17/1942,"New York, NY",United States of America
1927,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1927,"""for his investigations of the constitution of the bile acids and related substances""",1-Jan,184,Individual,Heinrich Otto Wieland,1877-06-04,Pforzheim,Germany,Male,Munich University,Munich,Germany,8/5/1957,Munich,West Germany (Germany)
1927,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 1927,"""in recognition of his rich and vitalizing ideas and the brilliant skill with which they have been presented""",1-Jan,600,Individual,Henri Bergson,1859-10-18,Paris,France,Male,,,,1/4/1941,Paris,France
1927,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1927,"""for his discovery of the therapeutic value of malaria inoculation in the treatment of dementia paralytica""",1-Jan,317,Individual,Julius Wagner-Jauregg,1857-03-07,Wels,Austria,Male,Vienna University,Vienna,Austria,9/27/1940,Vienna,Austria
1927,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1927,,2-Jan,492,Individual,Ferdinand Buisson,1841-12-20,Paris,France,Male,,,,2/16/1932,Thieuloy-Saint-Antoine,France
1927,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1927,,2-Jan,493,Individual,Ludwig Quidde,1858-03-23,Bremen,Germany,Male,,,,3/4/1941,Geneva,Switzerland
1927,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1927,"""for his discovery of the effect named after him""",2-Jan,33,Individual,Arthur Holly Compton,1892-09-10,"Wooster, OH",United States of America,Male,University of Chicago,"Chicago, IL",United States of America,3/15/1962,"Berkeley, CA",United States of America
1927,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1927,"""for his method of making the paths of electrically charged particles visible by condensation of vapour""",2-Jan,34,Individual,Charles Thomson Rees Wilson,1869-02-14,Glencorse,Scotland,Male,University of Cambridge,Cambridge,United Kingdom,11/15/1959,Carlops,Scotland
1928,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1928,"""for the services rendered through his research into the constitution of the sterols and their connection with the vitamins""",1-Jan,185,Individual,Adolf Otto Reinhold Windaus,1876-12-25,Berlin,Germany,Male,Goettingen University,Göttingen,Germany,6/9/1959,Göttingen,West Germany (Germany)
1928,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 1928,"""principally for her powerful descriptions of Northern life during the Middle Ages""",1-Jan,601,Individual,Sigrid Undset,1882-05-20,Kalundborg,Denmark,Female,,,,6/10/1949,Lillehammer,Norway
1928,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1928,"""for his work on typhus""",1-Jan,318,Individual,Charles Jules Henri Nicolle,1866-09-21,Rouen,France,Male,Institut Pasteur,Tunis,,2/28/1936,Tunis,Tunisia
1928,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1928,"""for his work on the thermionic phenomenon and especially for the discovery of the law named after him""",1-Jan,35,Individual,Owen Willans Richardson,1879-04-26,Dewsbury,United Kingdom,Male,London University,London,United Kingdom,2/15/1959,Alton,United Kingdom
1929,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1929,"""for their investigations on the fermentation of sugar and fermentative enzymes""",2-Jan,186,Individual,Arthur Harden,1865-10-12,Manchester,United Kingdom,Male,London University,London,United Kingdom,6/17/1940,Bourne,United Kingdom
1929,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1929,"""for their investigations on the fermentation of sugar and fermentative enzymes""",2-Jan,187,Individual,Hans Karl August Simon von Euler-Chelpin,1873-02-15,Augsburg,Germany,Male,Stockholm University,Stockholm,Sweden,11/6/1964,Stockholm,Sweden
1929,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 1929,"""principally for his great novel, <I>Buddenbrooks</I>, which has won steadily increased recognition as one of the classic works of contemporary literature""",1-Jan,602,Individual,Thomas Mann,1875-06-06,Lübeck,Germany,Male,,,,8/12/1955,Zurich,Switzerland
1929,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1929,"""for his discovery of the antineuritic vitamin""",2-Jan,319,Individual,Christiaan Eijkman,1858-08-11,Nijkerk,Netherlands,Male,Utrecht University,Utrecht,Netherlands,11/5/1930,Utrecht,Netherlands
1929,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1929,"""for his discovery of the growth-stimulating vitamins""",2-Jan,320,Individual,Sir Frederick Gowland Hopkins,1861-06-20,Eastbourne,United Kingdom,Male,University of Cambridge,Cambridge,United Kingdom,5/16/1947,Cambridge,United Kingdom
1929,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1929,,1-Jan,494,Individual,Frank Billings Kellogg,1856-12-22,"Potsdam, NY",United States of America,Male,,,,12/21/1937,"St. Paul, MN",United States of America
1929,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1929,"""for his discovery of the wave nature of electrons""",1-Jan,36,Individual,Prince Louis-Victor Pierre Raymond de Broglie,1892-08-15,Dieppe,France,Male,"Sorbonne University, Institut Henri Poincaré",Paris,France,3/19/1987,Paris,France
1930,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1930,"""for his researches into the constitution of haemin and chlorophyll and especially for his synthesis of haemin""",1-Jan,188,Individual,Hans Fischer,1881-07-27,Hoechst,Germany,Male,Technische Hochschule (Institute of Technology),Munich,Germany,3/31/1945,Munich,Germany
1930,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 1930,"""for his vigorous and graphic art of description and his ability to create, with wit and humour, new types of characters""",1-Jan,603,Individual,Sinclair Lewis,1885-02-07,"Sauk Centre, MN",United States of America,Male,,,,1/10/1951,Rome,Italy
1930,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1930,"""for his discovery of human blood groups""",1-Jan,321,Individual,Karl Landsteiner,1868-06-14,Vienna,Austrian Empire (Austria),Male,Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research,"New York, NY",United States of America,6/26/1943,"New York, NY",United States of America
1930,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1930,,1-Jan,495,Individual,Lars Olof Jonathan (Nathan) Söderblom,1866-01-15,Trönö,Sweden,Male,,,,7/12/1931,Uppsala,Sweden
1930,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1930,"""for his work on the scattering of light and for the discovery of the effect named after him""",1-Jan,37,Individual,Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman,1888-11-07,Tiruchirappalli,India,Male,Calcutta University,Calcutta,India,11/21/1970,Bangalore,India
1931,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1931,"""in recognition of their contributions to the invention and development of chemical high pressure methods""",2-Jan,189,Individual,Carl Bosch,1874-08-27,Cologne,Germany,Male,University of Heidelberg,Heidelberg,Germany,4/26/1940,Heidelberg,Germany
1931,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1931,"""in recognition of their contributions to the invention and development of chemical high pressure methods""",2-Jan,189,Individual,Carl Bosch,1874-08-27,Cologne,Germany,Male,I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G.,Heidelberg,Germany,4/26/1940,Heidelberg,Germany
1931,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1931,"""in recognition of their contributions to the invention and development of chemical high pressure methods""",2-Jan,190,Individual,Friedrich Bergius,1884-10-11,"Goldschmieden, near Breslau",Germany (Poland),Male,University of Heidelberg,Heidelberg,Germany,3/30/1949,Buenos Aires,Argentina
1931,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1931,"""in recognition of their contributions to the invention and development of chemical high pressure methods""",2-Jan,190,Individual,Friedrich Bergius,1884-10-11,"Goldschmieden, near Breslau",Germany (Poland),Male,I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G.,Mannheim-Rheinau,Germany,3/30/1949,Buenos Aires,Argentina
1931,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 1931,"""The poetry of Erik Axel Karlfeldt""",1-Jan,604,Individual,Erik Axel Karlfeldt,1864-07-20,Karlbo,Sweden,Male,,,,4/8/1931,Stockholm,Sweden
1931,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1931,"""for his discovery of the nature and mode of action of the respiratory enzyme""",1-Jan,322,Individual,Otto Heinrich Warburg,1883-10-08,Freiburg im Breisgau,Germany,Male,Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut (now Max-Planck-Institut) für Biologie,Berlin-Dahlem,Germany,8/1/1970,West Berlin,West Germany (Germany)
1931,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1931,,2-Jan,496,Individual,Jane Addams,1860-09-06,"Cedarville, IL",United States of America,Female,,,,5/21/1935,"Chicago, IL",United States of America
1931,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1931,,2-Jan,497,Individual,Nicholas Murray Butler,1862-04-02,"Elizabeth, NJ",United States of America,Male,Columbia University,"New York, NY",United States of America,12/7/1947,"New York, NY",United States of America
1932,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1932,"""for his discoveries and investigations in surface chemistry""",1-Jan,191,Individual,Irving Langmuir,1881-01-31,"Brooklyn, NY",United States of America,Male,General Electric Company,"Schenectady, NY",United States of America,8/16/1957,"Falmouth, MA",United States of America
1932,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 1932,"""for his distinguished art of narration which takes its highest form in <I>The Forsyte Saga</I>""",1-Jan,605,Individual,John Galsworthy,1867-08-14,Kingston Hill,United Kingdom,Male,,,,1/31/1933,London,United Kingdom
1932,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1932,"""for their discoveries regarding the functions of neurons""",2-Jan,323,Individual,Sir Charles Scott Sherrington,1857-11-27,London,United Kingdom,Male,University of Oxford,Oxford,United Kingdom,3/4/1952,Eastbourne,United Kingdom
1932,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1932,"""for their discoveries regarding the functions of neurons""",2-Jan,324,Individual,Edgar Douglas Adrian,1889-11-30,London,United Kingdom,Male,University of Cambridge,Cambridge,United Kingdom,8/8/1977,Cambridge,United Kingdom
1932,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1932,"""for the creation of quantum mechanics, the application of which has, inter alia, led to the discovery of the allotropic forms of hydrogen""",1-Jan,38,Individual,Werner Karl Heisenberg,12/5/1901,Würzburg,Germany,Male,Leipzig University,Leipzig,Germany,2/1/1976,Munich,West Germany (Germany)
1933,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 1933,"""for the strict artistry with which he has carried on the classical Russian traditions in prose writing""",1-Jan,606,Individual,Ivan Alekseyevich Bunin,1870-10-22,Voronezh,Russia,Male,,,,11/8/1953,Paris,France
1933,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1933,"""for his discoveries concerning the role played by the chromosome in heredity""",1-Jan,325,Individual,Thomas Hunt Morgan,1866-09-25,"Lexington, KY",United States of America,Male,California Institute of Technology (Caltech),"Pasadena, CA",United States of America,12/4/1945,"Pasadena, CA",United States of America
1933,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1933,,1-Jan,498,Individual,Sir Norman Angell (Ralph Lane),1872-12-26,Holbeach,United Kingdom,Male,,,,10/7/1967,Croydon,United Kingdom
1933,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1933,"""for the discovery of new productive forms of atomic theory""",2-Jan,39,Individual,Erwin Schrödinger,1887-08-12,Vienna,Austria,Male,Berlin University,Berlin,Germany,1/4/1961,Vienna,Austria
1933,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1933,"""for the discovery of new productive forms of atomic theory""",2-Jan,40,Individual,Paul Adrien Maurice Dirac,8/8/1902,Bristol,United Kingdom,Male,University of Cambridge,Cambridge,United Kingdom,10/20/1984,"Tallahassee, FL",United States of America
1934,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1934,"""for his discovery of heavy hydrogen""",1-Jan,192,Individual,Harold Clayton Urey,1893-04-29,"Walkerton, IN",United States of America,Male,Columbia University,"New York, NY",United States of America,1/5/1981,"La Jolla, CA",United States of America
1934,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 1934,"""for his bold and ingenious revival of dramatic and scenic art""",1-Jan,607,Individual,Luigi Pirandello,1867-06-28,"Agrigento, Sicily",Italy,Male,,,,12/10/1936,Rome,Italy
1934,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1934,"""for their discoveries concerning liver therapy in cases of anaemia""",3-Jan,326,Individual,George Hoyt Whipple,1878-08-28,"Ashland, NH",United States of America,Male,University of Rochester,"Rochester, NY",United States of America,2/1/1976,"Rochester, NY",United States of America
1934,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1934,"""for their discoveries concerning liver therapy in cases of anaemia""",3-Jan,327,Individual,George Richards Minot,1885-12-02,"Boston, MA",United States of America,Male,Harvard University,"Cambridge, MA",United States of America,2/25/1950,"Brookline, MA",United States of America
1934,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1934,"""for their discoveries concerning liver therapy in cases of anaemia""",3-Jan,328,Individual,William Parry Murphy,1892-02-06,"Stoughton, WI",United States of America,Male,Harvard University,"Cambridge, MA",United States of America,10/9/1987,"Brookline, MA",United States of America
1934,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1934,"""for their discoveries concerning liver therapy in cases of anaemia""",3-Jan,328,Individual,William Parry Murphy,1892-02-06,"Stoughton, WI",United States of America,Male,Peter Brent Brigham Hospital,"Boston, MA",United States of America,10/9/1987,"Brookline, MA",United States of America
1934,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1934,,1-Jan,499,Individual,Arthur Henderson,1863-09-13,Glasgow,Scotland,Male,,,,10/20/1935,London,United Kingdom
1935,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1935,"""in recognition of their synthesis of new radioactive elements""",2-Jan,193,Individual,Frédéric Joliot,3/19/1900,Paris,France,Male,Institut du Radium,Paris,France,8/14/1958,Paris,France
1935,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1935,"""in recognition of their synthesis of new radioactive elements""",2-Jan,194,Individual,Irène Joliot-Curie,1897-09-12,Paris,France,Female,Institut du Radium,Paris,France,3/17/1956,Paris,France
1935,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1935,"""for his discovery of the organizer effect in embryonic development""",1-Jan,329,Individual,Hans Spemann,1869-06-27,Stuttgart,W&uuml;rttemberg (Germany),Male,University of Freiburg im Breisgau,Breisgau,Germany,9/12/1941,Freiburg im Breisgau,Germany
1935,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1935,,1-Jan,500,Individual,Carl von Ossietzky,1889-10-03,Hamburg,Germany,Male,,,,5/4/1938,Berlin,Germany
1935,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1935,"""for the discovery of the neutron""",1-Jan,41,Individual,James Chadwick,1891-10-20,Manchester,United Kingdom,Male,Liverpool University,Liverpool,United Kingdom,7/24/1974,Cambridge,United Kingdom
1936,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1936,"""for his contributions to our knowledge of molecular structure through his investigations on dipole moments and on the diffraction of X-rays and electrons in gases""",1-Jan,195,Individual,Petrus (Peter) Josephus Wilhelmus Debye,1884-03-24,Maastricht,Netherlands,Male,Berlin University,Berlin,Germany,11/2/1966,"Ithaca, NY",United States of America
1936,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1936,"""for his contributions to our knowledge of molecular structure through his investigations on dipole moments and on the diffraction of X-rays and electrons in gases""",1-Jan,195,Individual,Petrus (Peter) Josephus Wilhelmus Debye,1884-03-24,Maastricht,Netherlands,Male,Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut (now Max-Planck-Institut) für Physik,Berlin,Germany,11/2/1966,"Ithaca, NY",United States of America
1936,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 1936,"""for the power, honesty and deep-felt emotions of his dramatic works, which embody an original concept of tragedy""",1-Jan,608,Individual,Eugene Gladstone O'Neill,1888-10-16,"New York, NY",United States of America,Male,,,,11/27/1953,"Boston, MA",United States of America
1936,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1936,"""for their discoveries relating to chemical transmission of nerve impulses""",2-Jan,330,Individual,Sir Henry Hallett Dale,1875-06-09,London,United Kingdom,Male,National Institute for Medical Research,London,United Kingdom,7/23/1968,Cambridge,United Kingdom
1936,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1936,"""for their discoveries relating to chemical transmission of nerve impulses""",2-Jan,331,Individual,Otto Loewi,1873-06-03,Frankfurt-on-the-Main,Germany,Male,Graz University,Graz,Austria,12/25/1961,"New York, NY",United States of America
1936,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1936,,1-Jan,501,Individual,Carlos Saavedra Lamas,1878-11-01,Buenos Aires,Argentina,Male,,,,5/5/1959,Buenos Aires,Argentina
1936,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1936,"""for his discovery of cosmic radiation""",2-Jan,42,Individual,Victor Franz Hess,1883-06-24,Peggau,Austria,Male,Innsbruck University,Innsbruck,Austria,12/17/1964,"Mount Verno, NY",United States of America
1936,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1936,"""for his discovery of the positron""",2-Jan,43,Individual,Carl David Anderson,9/3/1905,"New York, NY",United States of America,Male,California Institute of Technology (Caltech),"Pasadena, CA",United States of America,1/11/1991,"San Marino, CA",United States of America
1937,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1937,"""for his investigations on carbohydrates and vitamin C""",2-Jan,196,Individual,Walter Norman Haworth,1883-03-19,Chorley,United Kingdom,Male,Birmingham University,Birmingham,United Kingdom,3/19/1950,Birmingham,United Kingdom
1937,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1937,"""for his investigations on carotenoids, flavins and vitamins A and B2""",2-Jan,197,Individual,Paul Karrer,1889-04-21,Moscow,Russia,Male,University of Zurich,Zurich,Switzerland,6/18/1971,Zurich,Switzerland
1937,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 1937,"""for the artistic power and truth with which he has depicted human conflict as well as some fundamental aspects of contemporary life in his novel-cycle <I>Les Thibault</I>""",1-Jan,609,Individual,Roger Martin du Gard,1881-03-23,Neuilly-sur-Seine,France,Male,,,,8/22/1958,Bellême,France
1937,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1937,"""for his discoveries in connection with the biological combustion processes, with special reference to vitamin C and the catalysis of fumaric acid""",1-Jan,332,Individual,Albert von Szent-Györgyi Nagyrápolt,1893-09-16,Budapest,Austria-Hungary (Hungary),Male,Szeged University,Szeged,Hungary,10/22/1986,"Woods Hole, MA",United States of America
1937,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1937,,1-Jan,502,Individual,"Cecil of Chelwood, Viscount (Lord Edgar Algernon Robert Gascoyne Cecil)",1864-09-14,London,United Kingdom,Male,,,,11/24/1958,Tunbridge Wells,United Kingdom
1937,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1937,"""for their experimental discovery of the diffraction of electrons by crystals""",2-Jan,44,Individual,Clinton Joseph Davisson,1881-10-22,"Bloomington, IL",United States of America,Male,Bell Telephone Laboratories,"New York, NY",United States of America,2/1/1958,"Charlottesville, VA",United States of America
1937,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1937,"""for their experimental discovery of the diffraction of electrons by crystals""",2-Jan,45,Individual,George Paget Thomson,1892-05-03,Cambridge,United Kingdom,Male,London University,London,United Kingdom,9/10/1975,Cambridge,United Kingdom
1938,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1938,"""for his work on carotenoids and vitamins""",1-Jan,198,Individual,Richard Kuhn,12/3/1900,Vienna,Austria-Hungary (Austria),Male,Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut (now Max-Planck Institut) für Medizinische Forschung,Heidelberg,Germany,7/31/1967,Heidelberg,West Germany (Germany)
1938,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1938,"""for his work on carotenoids and vitamins""",1-Jan,198,Individual,Richard Kuhn,12/3/1900,Vienna,Austria-Hungary (Austria),Male,University of Heidelberg,Heidelberg,Germany,7/31/1967,Heidelberg,West Germany (Germany)
1938,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 1938,"""for her rich and truly epic descriptions of peasant life in China and for her biographical masterpieces""",1-Jan,610,Individual,Pearl Buck,1892-06-26,"Hillsboro, WV",United States of America,Female,,,,3/6/1973,"Danby, VT",United States of America
1938,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1938,"""for the discovery of the role played by the sinus and aortic mechanisms in the regulation of respiration""",1-Jan,333,Individual,Corneille Jean François Heymans,1892-03-28,Ghent,Belgium,Male,Ghent University,Ghent,Belgium,7/18/1968,Knokke,Belgium
1938,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1938,,1-Jan,503,Organization,Office international Nansen pour les Réfugiés (Nansen International Office for Refugees),,,,,,,,,,
1938,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1938,"""for his demonstrations of the existence of new radioactive elements produced by neutron irradiation, and for his related discovery of nuclear reactions brought about by slow neutrons""",1-Jan,46,Individual,Enrico Fermi,9/29/1901,Rome,Italy,Male,Rome University,Rome,Italy,11/28/1954,"Chicago, IL",United States of America
1939,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1939,"""for his work on sex hormones""",2-Jan,199,Individual,Adolf Friedrich Johann Butenandt,3/24/1903,Bremerhaven-Lehe,Germany,Male,Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut (now Max-Planck-Institut) für Biochemie,Berlin-Dahlem,Germany,1/18/1995,Munich,Germany
1939,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1939,"""for his work on sex hormones""",2-Jan,199,Individual,Adolf Friedrich Johann Butenandt,3/24/1903,Bremerhaven-Lehe,Germany,Male,Berlin University,Berlin,Germany,1/18/1995,Munich,Germany
1939,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1939,"""for his work on polymethylenes and higher terpenes""",2-Jan,200,Individual,Leopold Ruzicka,1887-09-13,Vukovar,Austria-Hungary (Croatia),Male,Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology),Zurich,Switzerland,9/26/1976,Zurich,Switzerland
1939,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 1939,"""for his deep understanding of his country's peasantry and the exquisite art with which he has portrayed their way of life and their relationship with Nature""",1-Jan,613,Individual,Frans Eemil Sillanpää,1888-09-16,Hämeenkyrö,Russian Empire (Finland),Male,,,,6/3/1964,Helsinki,Finland
1939,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1939,"""for the discovery of the antibacterial effects of prontosil""",1-Jan,334,Individual,Gerhard Domagk,1895-10-30,Lagow,Germany (Poland),Male,Munster University,Munster,Germany,4/24/1964,Burgberg,West Germany (Germany)
1939,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1939,"""for the invention and development of the cyclotron and for results obtained with it, especially with regard to artificial radioactive elements""",1-Jan,47,Individual,Ernest Orlando Lawrence,8/8/1901,"Canton, SD",United States of America,Male,University of California,"Berkeley, CA",United States of America,8/27/1958,"Palo Alto, CA",United States of America
1943,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1943,"""for his work on the use of isotopes as tracers in the study of chemical processes""",1-Jan,201,Individual,George de Hevesy,1885-08-01,Budapest,Austria-Hungary (Hungary),Male,Stockholm University,Stockholm,Sweden,7/5/1966,Freiburg im Breisgau,West Germany (Germany)
1943,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1943,"""for his discovery of vitamin K""",2-Jan,335,Individual,Henrik Carl Peter Dam,1895-02-21,Copenhagen,Denmark,Male,Polytechnic Institute,Copenhagen,Denmark,4/17/1976,Copenhagen,Denmark
1943,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1943,"""for his discovery of the chemical nature of vitamin K""",2-Jan,336,Individual,Edward Adelbert Doisy,1893-11-13,"Hume, IL",United States of America,Male,Saint Louis University,"St. Louis, MO",United States of America,10/23/1986,"St. Louis, MO",United States of America
1943,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1943,"""for his contribution to the development of the molecular ray method and his discovery of the magnetic moment of the proton""",1-Jan,48,Individual,Otto Stern,1888-02-17,Sorau (Zory),Germany (Poland),Male,Carnegie Institute of Technology,"Pittsburgh, PA",United States of America,8/17/1969,"Berkeley, CA",United States of America
1944,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1944,"""for his discovery of the fission of heavy nuclei""",1-Jan,202,Individual,Otto Hahn,1879-03-08,Frankfurt-on-the-Main,Germany,Male,Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut (now Max-Planck Institut) für Chemie,Berlin-Dahlem,Germany,7/28/1968,Göttingen,West Germany (Germany)
1944,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 1944,"""for the rare strength and fertility of his poetic imagination with which is combined an intellectual curiosity of wide scope and a bold, freshly creative style""",1-Jan,614,Individual,Johannes Vilhelm Jensen,1873-01-20,Farsø,Denmark,Male,,,,11/25/1950,Copenhagen,Denmark
1944,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1944,"""for their discoveries relating to the highly differentiated functions of single nerve fibres""",2-Jan,337,Individual,Joseph Erlanger,1874-01-05,"San Francisco, CA",United States of America,Male,Washington University,"St. Louis, MO",United States of America,12/5/1965,"St. Louis, MO",United States of America
1944,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1944,"""for their discoveries relating to the highly differentiated functions of single nerve fibres""",2-Jan,338,Individual,Herbert Spencer Gasser,1888-07-05,"Platteville, WI",United States of America,Male,Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research,"New York, NY",United States of America,5/11/1963,"New York, NY",United States of America
1944,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1944,,1-Jan,482,Organization,Comité international de la Croix Rouge (International Committee of the Red Cross),,,,,,,,,,
1944,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1944,"""for his resonance method for recording the magnetic properties of atomic nuclei""",1-Jan,49,Individual,Isidor Isaac Rabi,1898-07-29,Rymanow,Austria-Hungary (Poland),Male,Columbia University,"New York, NY",United States of America,1/11/1988,"New York, NY",United States of America
1945,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1945,"""for his research and inventions in agricultural and nutrition chemistry, especially for his fodder preservation method""",1-Jan,203,Individual,Artturi Ilmari Virtanen,1895-01-15,Helsinki,Russian Empire (Finland),Male,University of Helsinki,Helsinki,Finland,11/11/1973,Helsinki,Finland
1945,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 1945,"""for her lyric poetry which, inspired by powerful emotions, has made her name a symbol of the idealistic aspirations of the entire Latin American world""",1-Jan,615,Individual,Gabriela Mistral,1889-04-07,Vicuña,Chile,Female,,,,1/10/1957,"Hempstead, NY",United States of America
1945,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1945,"""for the discovery of penicillin and its curative effect in various infectious diseases""",3-Jan,339,Individual,Sir Alexander Fleming,1881-08-06,Lochfield,Scotland,Male,London University,London,United Kingdom,3/11/1955,London,United Kingdom
1945,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1945,"""for the discovery of penicillin and its curative effect in various infectious diseases""",3-Jan,340,Individual,Ernst Boris Chain,6/19/1906,Berlin,Germany,Male,University of Oxford,Oxford,United Kingdom,8/12/1979,Mulrany,Ireland
1945,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1945,"""for the discovery of penicillin and its curative effect in various infectious diseases""",3-Jan,341,Individual,Sir Howard Walter Florey,1898-09-24,Adelaide,Australia,Male,University of Oxford,Oxford,United Kingdom,2/21/1968,Oxford,United Kingdom
1945,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1945,,1-Jan,505,Individual,Cordell Hull,1871-10-02,"Olympus, TN",United States of America,Male,,,,7/23/1955,"Bethesda, MD",United States of America
1945,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1945,"""for the discovery of the Exclusion Principle, also called the Pauli Principle""",1-Jan,50,Individual,Wolfgang Pauli,4/25/1900,Vienna,Austria,Male,Princeton University,"Princeton, NJ",United States of America,12/15/1958,Zurich,Switzerland
1946,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1946,"""for his discovery that enzymes can be crystallized""",2-Jan,204,Individual,James Batcheller Sumner,1887-11-19,"Canton, MA",United States of America,Male,Cornell University,"Ithaca, NY",United States of America,8/12/1955,"Buffalo, NY",United States of America
1946,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1946,"""for their preparation of enzymes and virus proteins in a pure form""",4-Jan,205,Individual,John Howard Northrop,1891-07-05,"Yonkers, NY",United States of America,Male,Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research,"Princeton, NJ",United States of America,5/27/1987,"Wickenberg, AZ",United States of America
1946,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1946,"""for their preparation of enzymes and virus proteins in a pure form""",4-Jan,206,Individual,Wendell Meredith Stanley,8/16/1904,"Ridgeville, IN",United States of America,Male,Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research,"Princeton, NJ",United States of America,6/15/1971,Salamanca,Spain
1946,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 1946,"""for his inspired writings which, while growing in boldness and penetration, exemplify the classical humanitarian ideals and high qualities of style""",1-Jan,617,Individual,Hermann Hesse,1877-07-02,Calw,Germany,Male,,,,8/9/1962,Montagnola,Switzerland
1946,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1946,"""for the discovery of the production of mutations by means of X-ray irradiation""",1-Jan,342,Individual,Hermann Joseph Muller,1890-12-21,"New York, NY",United States of America,Male,Indiana University,"Bloomington, IN",United States of America,4/5/1967,,
1946,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1946,,2-Jan,506,Individual,Emily Greene Balch,1867-01-08,"Jamaica Plain, MA (Boston)",United States of America,Female,,,,1/9/1961,"Cambridge, MA",United States of America
1946,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1946,,2-Jan,507,Individual,John Raleigh Mott,1865-05-25,"Livingston Manor, NY",United States of America,Male,,,,1/31/1955,,United States of America
1946,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1946,"""for the invention of an apparatus to produce extremely high pressures, and for the discoveries he made therewith in the field of high pressure physics""",1-Jan,51,Individual,Percy Williams Bridgman,1882-04-21,"Cambridge, MA",United States of America,Male,Harvard University,"Cambridge, MA",United States of America,8/20/1961,"Randolph, NH",United States of America
1947,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1947,"""for his investigations on plant products of biological importance, especially the alkaloids""",1-Jan,207,Individual,Sir Robert Robinson,1886-09-13,"Rufford, near Chesterfield",United Kingdom,Male,University of Oxford,Oxford,United Kingdom,2/8/1975,Great Missenden,United Kingdom
1947,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 1947,"""for his comprehensive and artistically significant writings, in which human problems and conditions have been presented with a fearless love of truth and keen psychological insight""",1-Jan,618,Individual,André Paul Guillaume Gide,1869-11-22,Paris,France,Male,,,,2/19/1951,Paris,France
1947,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1947,"""for their discovery of the course of the catalytic conversion of glycogen""",4-Jan,343,Individual,Carl Ferdinand Cori,1896-12-05,Prague,Austria-Hungary (Czech Republic),Male,Washington University,"St. Louis, MO",United States of America,10/20/1984,"Cambridge, MA",United States of America
1947,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1947,"""for their discovery of the course of the catalytic conversion of glycogen""",4-Jan,344,Individual,"Gerty Theresa Cori, née Radnitz",1896-08-15,Prague,Austria-Hungary (Czech Republic),Female,Washington University,"St. Louis, MO",United States of America,10/26/1957,"St. Louis, MO",United States of America
1947,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1947,"""for his discovery of the part played by the hormone of the anterior pituitary lobe in the metabolism of sugar""",2-Jan,345,Individual,Bernardo Alberto Houssay,1887-04-10,Buenos Aires,Argentina,Male,Instituto de Biologia y Medicina Experimental (Institute for Biology and Experimental Medicine),Buenos Aires,Argentina,9/21/1971,Buenos Aires,Argentina
1947,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1947,,2-Jan,508,Organization,Friends Service Council (The Quakers),,,,,,,,,,
1947,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1947,,2-Jan,509,Organization,American Friends Service Committee (The Quakers),,,,,,,,,,
1947,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1947,"""for his investigations of the physics of the upper atmosphere especially for the discovery of the so-called Appleton layer""",1-Jan,52,Individual,Sir Edward Victor Appleton,1892-09-06,Bradford,United Kingdom,Male,Department of Scientific and Industrial Research,London,United Kingdom,4/21/1965,Edinburgh,Scotland
1948,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1948,"""for his research on electrophoresis and adsorption analysis, especially for his discoveries concerning the complex nature of the serum proteins""",1-Jan,208,Individual,Arne Wilhelm Kaurin Tiselius,8/10/1902,Stockholm,Sweden,Male,Uppsala University,Uppsala,Sweden,10/29/1971,Uppsala,Sweden
1948,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 1948,"""for his outstanding, pioneer contribution to present-day poetry""",1-Jan,619,Individual,Thomas Stearns Eliot,1888-09-26,"St. Louis, MO",United States of America,Male,,,,1/4/1965,London,United Kingdom
1948,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1948,"""for his discovery of the high efficiency of DDT as a contact poison against several arthropods""",1-Jan,346,Individual,Paul Hermann Müller,1899-01-12,Olten,Switzerland,Male,Laboratorium der Farben-Fabriken J.R. Geigy A.G. (Laboratory of the J.R. Geigy Dye-Factory Co.),Basel,Switzerland,10/12/1965,Basel,Switzerland
1948,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1948,"""for his development of the Wilson cloud chamber method, and his discoveries therewith in the fields of nuclear physics and cosmic radiation""",1-Jan,53,Individual,Patrick Maynard Stuart Blackett,1897-11-18,London,United Kingdom,Male,Victoria University,Manchester,United Kingdom,7/13/1974,London,United Kingdom
1949,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1949,"""for his contributions in the field of chemical thermodynamics, particularly concerning the behaviour of substances at extremely low temperatures""",1-Jan,209,Individual,William Francis Giauque,1895-05-12,Niagara Falls,Canada,Male,University of California,"Berkeley, CA",United States of America,3/28/1982,"Berkeley, CA",United States of America
1949,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 1949,"""for his powerful and artistically unique contribution to the modern American novel""",1-Jan,620,Individual,William Faulkner,1897-09-25,"New Albany, MS",United States of America,Male,,,,7/6/1962,"Byhalia, MS",United States of America
1949,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1949,"""for his discovery of the functional organization of the interbrain as a coordinator of the activities of the internal organs""",2-Jan,347,Individual,Walter Rudolf Hess,1881-03-17,Frauenfeld,Switzerland,Male,University of Zurich,Zurich,Switzerland,8/12/1973,Ascona,Switzerland
1949,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1949,"""for his discovery of the therapeutic value of leucotomy in certain psychoses""",2-Jan,348,Individual,Antonio Caetano de Abreu Freire Egas Moniz,1874-11-29,Avanca,Portugal,Male,University of Lisbon,Lisbon,Portugal,12/13/1955,Lisbon,Portugal
1949,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1949,"""for his discovery of the therapeutic value of leucotomy in certain psychoses""",2-Jan,348,Individual,Antonio Caetano de Abreu Freire Egas Moniz,1874-11-29,Avanca,Portugal,Male,Neurological Institute,Lisbon,Portugal,12/13/1955,Lisbon,Portugal
1949,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1949,,1-Jan,510,Individual,Lord (John) Boyd Orr of Brechin,1880-09-23,Kilmaurs,Scotland,Male,,,,6/25/1971,Edzell,Scotland
1949,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1949,"""for his prediction of the existence of mesons on the basis of theoretical work on nuclear forces""",1-Jan,54,Individual,Hideki Yukawa,1/23/1907,Tokyo,Japan,Male,Kyoto Imperial University,Kyoto,Japan,9/8/1981,Kyoto,Japan
1949,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1949,"""for his prediction of the existence of mesons on the basis of theoretical work on nuclear forces""",1-Jan,54,Individual,Hideki Yukawa,1/23/1907,Tokyo,Japan,Male,Columbia University,"New York, NY",United States of America,9/8/1981,Kyoto,Japan
1950,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1950,"""for their discovery and development of the diene synthesis""",2-Jan,210,Individual,Otto Paul Hermann Diels,1876-01-23,Hamburg,Germany,Male,Kiel University,Kiel,Federal Republic of Germany,3/7/1954,Kiel,West Germany (Germany)
1950,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1950,"""for their discovery and development of the diene synthesis""",2-Jan,211,Individual,Kurt Alder,7/10/1902,Königshütte (Chorzów),Prussia (Poland),Male,Cologne University,Cologne,Federal Republic of Germany,6/20/1958,Cologne,West Germany (Germany)
1950,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 1950,"""in recognition of his varied and significant writings in which he champions humanitarian ideals and freedom of thought""",1-Jan,621,Individual,Earl (Bertrand Arthur William) Russell,1872-05-18,Trelleck,United Kingdom,Male,,,,2/2/1970,Penrhyndeudraeth,United Kingdom
1950,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1950,"""for their discoveries relating to the hormones of the adrenal cortex, their structure and biological effects""",3-Jan,349,Individual,Edward Calvin Kendall,1886-03-08,"South Norwalk, CT",United States of America,Male,Mayo Clinic,"Rochester, MN",United States of America,5/4/1972,"Princeton, NJ",United States of America
1950,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1950,"""for their discoveries relating to the hormones of the adrenal cortex, their structure and biological effects""",3-Jan,350,Individual,Tadeus Reichstein,1897-07-20,Wloclawek,Poland,Male,Basel University,Basel,Switzerland,8/1/1996,Basel,Switzerland
1950,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1950,"""for their discoveries relating to the hormones of the adrenal cortex, their structure and biological effects""",3-Jan,351,Individual,Philip Showalter Hench,1896-02-28,"Pittsburgh, PA",United States of America,Male,Mayo Clinic,"Rochester, MN",United States of America,3/30/1965,Ocho Rios,Jamaica
1950,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1950,,1-Jan,511,Individual,Ralph Bunche,8/7/1904,"Detroit, MI",United States of America,Male,Harvard University,"Cambridge, MA",United States of America,12/9/1971,"New York, NY",United States of America
1950,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1950,"""for his development of the photographic method of studying nuclear processes and his discoveries regarding mesons made with this method""",1-Jan,55,Individual,Cecil Frank Powell,12/5/1903,Tonbridge,United Kingdom,Male,Bristol University,Bristol,United Kingdom,8/9/1969,,Italy
1951,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1951,"""for their discoveries in the chemistry of the transuranium elements""",2-Jan,212,Individual,Edwin Mattison McMillan,9/18/1907,"Redondo Beach, CA",United States of America,Male,University of California,"Berkeley, CA",United States of America,9/7/1991,"El Cerrito, CA",United States of America
1951,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1951,"""for their discoveries in the chemistry of the transuranium elements""",2-Jan,213,Individual,Glenn Theodore Seaborg,4/19/1912,"Ishpeming, MI",United States of America,Male,University of California,"Berkeley, CA",United States of America,2/25/1999,"Lafayette, CA",United States of America
1951,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 1951,"""for the artistic vigour and true independence of mind with which he endeavours in his poetry to find answers to the eternal questions confronting mankind""",1-Jan,622,Individual,Pär Fabian Lagerkvist,1891-05-23,Växjö,Sweden,Male,,,,7/11/1974,Stockholm,Sweden
1951,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1951,"""for his discoveries concerning yellow fever and how to combat it""",1-Jan,352,Individual,Max Theiler,1899-01-30,Pretoria,South Africa,Male,"Laboratories of the Division of Medicine and Public Health, Rockefeller Foundation","New York, NY",United States of America,8/11/1972,"New Haven, CT",United States of America
1951,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1951,,1-Jan,512,Individual,Léon Jouhaux,1879-07-01,Paris,France,Male,,,,4/28/1954,Paris,France
1951,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1951,"""for their pioneer work on the transmutation of atomic nuclei by artificially accelerated atomic particles""",2-Jan,56,Individual,Sir John Douglas Cockcroft,1897-05-27,Todmorden,United Kingdom,Male,Atomic Energy Research Establishment,"Harwell, Berkshire",United Kingdom,9/18/1967,Cambridge,United Kingdom
1951,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1951,"""for their pioneer work on the transmutation of atomic nuclei by artificially accelerated atomic particles""",2-Jan,57,Individual,Ernest Thomas Sinton Walton,10/6/1903,Dungarvan,Ireland,Male,Trinity College,Dublin,Ireland,6/25/1995,Belfast,Northern Ireland
1952,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1952,"""for their invention of partition chromatography""",2-Jan,214,Individual,Archer John Porter Martin,3/1/1910,London,United Kingdom,Male,National Institute for Medical Research,London,United Kingdom,7/28/2002,Llangarron,United Kingdom
1952,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1952,"""for their invention of partition chromatography""",2-Jan,215,Individual,Richard Laurence Millington Synge,10/28/1914,Liverpool,United Kingdom,Male,Rowett Research Institute,Bucksburn (Scotland),United Kingdom,8/18/1994,Norwich,United Kingdom
1952,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 1952,"""for the deep spiritual insight and the artistic intensity with which he has in his novels penetrated the drama of human life""",1-Jan,623,Individual,François Mauriac,1885-10-11,Bordeaux,France,Male,,,,9/1/1970,Paris,France
1952,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1952,"""for his discovery of streptomycin, the first antibiotic effective against tuberculosis""",1-Jan,353,Individual,Selman Abraham Waksman,1888-07-22,Priluka (Nova Pryluka),Russian Empire (Ukraine),Male,Rutgers University,"New Brunswick, NJ",United States of America,8/16/1973,"Hyannis, MA",United States of America
1952,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1952,,1-Jan,513,Individual,Albert Schweitzer,1875-01-14,Kaysersberg,Germany (France),Male,,,,9/4/1965,Lambaréné,Gabon
1952,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1952,"""for their development of new methods for nuclear magnetic precision measurements and discoveries in connection therewith""",2-Jan,58,Individual,Felix Bloch,10/23/1905,Zurich,Switzerland,Male,Stanford University,"Stanford, CA",United States of America,9/10/1983,Zurich,Switzerland
1952,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1952,"""for their development of new methods for nuclear magnetic precision measurements and discoveries in connection therewith""",2-Jan,59,Individual,Edward Mills Purcell,8/30/1912,"Taylorville, IL",United States of America,Male,Harvard University,"Cambridge, MA",United States of America,3/7/1997,"Cambridge, MA",United States of America
1953,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1953,"""for his discoveries in the field of macromolecular chemistry""",1-Jan,216,Individual,Hermann Staudinger,1881-03-23,Worms,Germany,Male,University of Freiburg,Breisgau,Federal Republic of Germany,9/8/1965,Freiburg im Breisgau,West Germany (Germany)
1953,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1953,"""for his discoveries in the field of macromolecular chemistry""",1-Jan,216,Individual,Hermann Staudinger,1881-03-23,Worms,Germany,Male,"Staatliches Institut für makromolekulare Chemie (State Research Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry), Freiburg",Breisgau,Federal Republic of Germany,9/8/1965,Freiburg im Breisgau,West Germany (Germany)
1953,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 1953,"""for his mastery of historical and biographical description as well as for brilliant oratory in defending exalted human values""",1-Jan,624,Individual,Sir Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill,1874-11-30,Woodstock,United Kingdom,Male,,,,1/24/1965,London,United Kingdom
1953,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1953,"""for his discovery of the citric acid cycle""",2-Jan,354,Individual,Hans Adolf Krebs,8/25/1900,Hildesheim,Germany,Male,Sheffield University,Sheffield,United Kingdom,11/22/1981,Oxford,United Kingdom
1953,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1953,"""for his discovery of co-enzyme A and its importance for intermediary metabolism""",2-Jan,355,Individual,Fritz Albert Lipmann,1899-06-12,Koenigsberg (Kaliningrad),Germany (Russia),Male,Harvard Medical School,"Boston, MA",United States of America,7/24/1986,"Poughkeepsie, NY",United States of America
1953,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1953,"""for his discovery of co-enzyme A and its importance for intermediary metabolism""",2-Jan,355,Individual,Fritz Albert Lipmann,1899-06-12,Koenigsberg (Kaliningrad),Germany (Russia),Male,Massachusetts General Hospital,"Boston, MA",United States of America,7/24/1986,"Poughkeepsie, NY",United States of America
1953,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1953,,1-Jan,514,Individual,George Catlett Marshall,1880-12-31,"Uniontown, PA",United States of America,Male,,,,10/16/1959,"Washington, DC",United States of America
1953,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1953,"""for his demonstration of the phase contrast method, especially for his invention of the phase contrast microscope""",1-Jan,60,Individual,Frits Zernike,1888-07-16,Amsterdam,Netherlands,Male,Groningen University,Groningen,Netherlands,3/10/1966,Groningen,Netherlands
1954,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1954,"""for his research into the nature of the chemical bond and its application to the elucidation of the structure of complex substances""",1-Jan,217,Individual,Linus Carl Pauling,2/28/1901,"Portland, OR",United States of America,Male,California Institute of Technology (Caltech),"Pasadena, CA",United States of America,8/19/1994,"Big Sur, CA",United States of America
1954,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 1954,"""for his mastery of the art of narrative, most recently demonstrated in <I>The Old Man and the Sea,</I> and for the influence that he has exerted on contemporary style""",1-Jan,625,Individual,Ernest Miller Hemingway,1899-07-21,"Oak Park, IL",United States of America,Male,,,,7/2/1961,"Ketchum, ID",United States of America
1954,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1954,"""for their discovery of the ability of poliomyelitis viruses to grow in cultures of various types of tissue""",3-Jan,356,Individual,John Franklin Enders,1897-02-10,"West Hartford, CT",United States of America,Male,Harvard Medical School,"Boston, MA",United States of America,9/8/1985,"Waterford, CT",United States of America
1954,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1954,"""for their discovery of the ability of poliomyelitis viruses to grow in cultures of various types of tissue""",3-Jan,356,Individual,John Franklin Enders,1897-02-10,"West Hartford, CT",United States of America,Male,"Research Division of Infectious Diseases, Children's Medical Center","Boston, MA",United States of America,9/8/1985,"Waterford, CT",United States of America
1954,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1954,"""for their discovery of the ability of poliomyelitis viruses to grow in cultures of various types of tissue""",3-Jan,357,Individual,Thomas Huckle Weller,6/15/1915,"Ann Arbor, MI",United States of America,Male,"Research Division of Infectious Diseases, Children's Medical Center","Boston, MA",United States of America,8/23/2008,"Needham, MA",United States of America
1954,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1954,"""for their discovery of the ability of poliomyelitis viruses to grow in cultures of various types of tissue""",3-Jan,358,Individual,Frederick Chapman Robbins,8/25/1916,"Auburn, AL",United States of America,Male,Western Reserve University,"Cleveland, OH",United States of America,8/4/2003,"Cleveland, OH",United States of America
1954,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1954,,1-Jan,515,Organization,Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR),,,,,,,,,,
1954,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1954,"""for his fundamental research in quantum mechanics, especially for his statistical interpretation of the wavefunction""",2-Jan,61,Individual,Max Born,1882-12-11,Breslau (Wroclaw),Germany (Poland),Male,Edinburgh University,Edinburgh,United Kingdom,1/5/1970,Göttingen,West Germany (Germany)
1954,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1954,"""for the coincidence method and his discoveries made therewith""",2-Jan,62,Individual,Walther Bothe,1891-01-08,Oranienburg,Germany,Male,University of Heidelberg,Heidelberg,Federal Republic of Germany,2/8/1957,Heidelberg,West Germany (Germany)
1954,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1954,"""for the coincidence method and his discoveries made therewith""",2-Jan,62,Individual,Walther Bothe,1891-01-08,Oranienburg,Germany,Male,Max-Planck-Institut für medizinische Forschung,Heidelberg,Federal Republic of Germany,2/8/1957,Heidelberg,West Germany (Germany)
1955,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1955,"""for his work on biochemically important sulphur compounds, especially for the first synthesis of a polypeptide hormone""",1-Jan,218,Individual,Vincent du Vigneaud,5/18/1901,"Chicago, IL",United States of America,Male,Cornell University,"Ithaca, NY",United States of America,12/11/1978,"White Plains, NY",United States of America
1955,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 1955,"""for his vivid epic power which has renewed the great narrative art of Iceland""",1-Jan,626,Individual,Halldór Kiljan Laxness,4/23/1902,Reykjavik,Iceland,Male,,,,2/8/1998,Reykjavik,Iceland
1955,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1955,"""for his discoveries concerning the nature and mode of action of oxidation enzymes""",1-Jan,359,Individual,Axel Hugo Theodor Theorell,7/6/1903,Linköping,Sweden,Male,"Karolinska Institutet, Nobel Medical Institute",Stockholm,Sweden,8/15/1982,Stockholm,Sweden
1955,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1955,"""for his discoveries concerning the fine structure of the hydrogen spectrum""",2-Jan,63,Individual,Willis Eugene Lamb,7/12/1913,"Los Angeles, CA",United States of America,Male,Stanford University,"Stanford, CA",United States of America,5/15/2008,"Tucson, AZ",United States of America
1955,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1955,"""for his precision determination of the magnetic moment of the electron""",2-Jan,64,Individual,Polykarp Kusch,1/26/1911,Blankenburg,Germany,Male,Columbia University,"New York, NY",United States of America,3/20/1993,"Dallas, TX",United States of America
1956,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1956,"""for their researches into the mechanism of chemical reactions""",2-Jan,219,Individual,Sir Cyril Norman Hinshelwood,1897-05-19,London,United Kingdom,Male,University of Oxford,Oxford,United Kingdom,10/9/1967,London,United Kingdom
1956,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1956,"""for their researches into the mechanism of chemical reactions""",2-Jan,220,Individual,Nikolay Nikolaevich Semenov,1896-04-03,Saratov,Russia,Male,Institute for Chemical Physics of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR,Moscow,Union of Soviet Socialist Republics,9/25/1986,Moscow,Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
1956,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 1956,"""for his lyrical poetry, which in Spanish language constitutes an example of high spirit and artistical purity""",1-Jan,627,Individual,Juan Ramón Jiménez,1881-12-24,Moguer,Spain,Male,,,,5/29/1958,San Juan,Puerto Rico
1956,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1956,"""for their discoveries concerning heart catheterization and pathological changes in the circulatory system""",3-Jan,360,Individual,André Frédéric Cournand,1895-09-24,Paris,France,Male,"Columbia University Division, Cardio-Pulmonary Laboratory, Bellevue Hospital","New York, NY",United States of America,2/19/1988,"Great Barrington, MA",United States of America
1956,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1956,"""for their discoveries concerning heart catheterization and pathological changes in the circulatory system""",3-Jan,361,Individual,Werner Forssmann,8/29/1904,Berlin,Germany,Male,Mainz University,Mainz,Federal Republic of Germany,6/1/1979,Schopfheim,West Germany (Germany)
1956,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1956,"""for their discoveries concerning heart catheterization and pathological changes in the circulatory system""",3-Jan,361,Individual,Werner Forssmann,8/29/1904,Berlin,Germany,Male,,Bad Kreuznach,Federal Republic of Germany,6/1/1979,Schopfheim,West Germany (Germany)
1956,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1956,"""for their discoveries concerning heart catheterization and pathological changes in the circulatory system""",3-Jan,362,Individual,Dickinson W. Richards,1895-10-30,"Orange, NJ",United States of America,Male,Columbia University,"New York, NY",United States of America,2/23/1973,"Lakeville, CT",United States of America
1956,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1956,"""for their researches on semiconductors and their discovery of the transistor effect""",3-Jan,65,Individual,William Bradford Shockley,2/13/1910,London,United Kingdom,Male,"Semiconductor Laboratory of Beckman Instruments, Inc.","Mountain View, CA",United States of America,8/12/1989,"Palo Alto, CA",United States of America
1956,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1956,"""for their researches on semiconductors and their discovery of the transistor effect""",3-Jan,66,Individual,John Bardeen,5/23/1908,"Madison, WI",United States of America,Male,University of Illinois,"Urbana, IL",United States of America,1/30/1991,"Boston, MA",United States of America
1956,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1956,"""for their researches on semiconductors and their discovery of the transistor effect""",3-Jan,67,Individual,Walter Houser Brattain,2/10/1902,Amoy,China,Male,Bell Telephone Laboratories,"Murray Hill, NJ",United States of America,10/13/1987,"Seattle, WA",United States of America
1957,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1957,"""for his work on nucleotides and nucleotide co-enzymes""",1-Jan,221,Individual,Lord (Alexander R.) Todd,10/2/1907,Glasgow,Scotland,Male,University of Cambridge,Cambridge,United Kingdom,1/10/1997,Cambridge,United Kingdom
1957,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 1957,"""for his important literary production, which with clear-sighted earnestness illuminates the problems of the human conscience in our times""",1-Jan,628,Individual,Albert Camus,11/7/1913,Mondovi,French Algeria (Algeria),Male,,,,1/4/1960,Sens,France
1957,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1957,"""for his discoveries relating to synthetic compounds that inhibit the action of certain body substances, and especially their action on the vascular system and the skeletal muscles""",1-Jan,363,Individual,Daniel Bovet,3/23/1907,Neuchâtel,Switzerland,Male,Istituto Superiore di Sanità (Chief Institute of Public Health),Rome,Italy,4/8/1992,Rome,Italy
1957,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1957,,1-Jan,516,Individual,Lester Bowles Pearson,1897-04-23,Toronto,Canada,Male,,,,12/27/1972,Ottawa,Canada
1957,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1957,"""for their penetrating investigation of the so-called parity laws which has led to important discoveries regarding the elementary particles""",2-Jan,68,Individual,Chen Ning Yang,9/22/1922,"Hofei, Anhwei",China,Male,Institute for Advanced Study,"Princeton, NJ",United States of America,,,
1957,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1957,"""for their penetrating investigation of the so-called parity laws which has led to important discoveries regarding the elementary particles""",2-Jan,69,Individual,Tsung-Dao (T.D.) Lee,11/24/1926,Shanghai,China,Male,Columbia University,"New York, NY",United States of America,,,
1958,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1958,"""for his work on the structure of proteins, especially that of insulin""",1-Jan,222,Individual,Frederick Sanger,8/13/1918,Rendcombe,United Kingdom,Male,University of Cambridge,Cambridge,United Kingdom,11/19/2013,Cambridge,United Kingdom
1958,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 1958,"""for his important achievement both in contemporary lyrical poetry and in the field of the great Russian epic tradition""",1-Jan,629,Individual,Boris Leonidovich Pasternak,1890-02-10,Moscow,Russia,Male,,,,5/30/1960,Peredelkino,Russia
1958,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1958,"""for their discovery that genes act by regulating definite chemical events""",4-Jan,364,Individual,George Wells Beadle,10/22/1903,"Wahoo, NE",United States of America,Male,California Institute of Technology (Caltech),"Pasadena, CA",United States of America,6/9/1989,"Pomona, CA",United States of America
1958,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1958,"""for their discovery that genes act by regulating definite chemical events""",4-Jan,365,Individual,Edward Lawrie Tatum,12/14/1909,"Boulder, CO",United States of America,Male,Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research,"New York, NY",United States of America,11/5/1975,"New York, NY",United States of America
1958,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1958,"""for his discoveries concerning genetic recombination and the organization of the genetic material of bacteria""",2-Jan,366,Individual,Joshua Lederberg,5/23/1925,"Montclair, NJ",United States of America,Male,University of Wisconsin,"Madison, WI",United States of America,2/2/2008,"New York, NY",United States of America
1958,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1958,,1-Jan,517,Individual,Georges Pire,2/10/1910,Dinant,Belgium,Male,,,,1/30/1969,Leuven,Belgium
1958,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1958,"""for the discovery and the interpretation of the Cherenkov effect""",3-Jan,70,Individual,Pavel Alekseyevich Cherenkov,7/28/1904,Novaya Chigla,Russia,Male,P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute,Moscow,Union of Soviet Socialist Republics,1/6/1990,,Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
1958,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1958,"""for the discovery and the interpretation of the Cherenkov effect""",3-Jan,71,Individual,Igor Yevgenyevich Tamm,1895-07-08,Vladivostok,Russia,Male,University of Moscow,Moscow,Union of Soviet Socialist Republics,4/12/1971,Moscow,Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (Russia)
1958,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1958,"""for the discovery and the interpretation of the Cherenkov effect""",3-Jan,71,Individual,Igor Yevgenyevich Tamm,1895-07-08,Vladivostok,Russia,Male,P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute,Moscow,Union of Soviet Socialist Republics,4/12/1971,Moscow,Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (Russia)
1958,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1958,"""for the discovery and the interpretation of the Cherenkov effect""",3-Jan,721,Individual,Il´ja Mikhailovich Frank,10/23/1908,Leningrad (Saint Petersburg),Russia,Male,University of Moscow,Moscow,Union of Soviet Socialist Republics,6/22/1990,Moscow,Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (Russia)
1958,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1958,"""for the discovery and the interpretation of the Cherenkov effect""",3-Jan,721,Individual,Il´ja Mikhailovich Frank,10/23/1908,Leningrad (Saint Petersburg),Russia,Male,P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute,Moscow,Union of Soviet Socialist Republics,6/22/1990,Moscow,Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (Russia)
1959,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1959,"""for his discovery and development of the polarographic methods of analysis""",1-Jan,223,Individual,Jaroslav Heyrovsky,1890-12-20,Prague,Austria-Hungary (Czech Republic),Male,Polarographic Institute of the Czechoslovak Academy of Science,Prague,Czechoslovakia,3/27/1967,Prague,Czechoslovakia
1959,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 1959,"""for his lyrical poetry, which with classical fire expresses the tragic experience of life in our own times""",1-Jan,630,Individual,Salvatore Quasimodo,8/20/1901,Modica,Italy,Male,,,,6/14/1968,Naples,Italy
1959,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1959,"""for their discovery of the mechanisms in the biological synthesis of ribonucleic acid and deoxyribonucleic acid""",2-Jan,367,Individual,Severo Ochoa,9/24/1905,Luarca,Spain,Male,"New York University, College of Medicine","New York, NY",United States of America,11/1/1993,Madrid,Spain
1959,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1959,"""for their discovery of the mechanisms in the biological synthesis of ribonucleic acid and deoxyribonucleic acid""",2-Jan,368,Individual,Arthur Kornberg,3/3/1918,"Brooklyn, NY",United States of America,Male,Stanford University,"Stanford, CA",United States of America,10/26/2007,"Stanford, CA",United States of America
1959,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1959,,1-Jan,518,Individual,Philip J. Noel-Baker,1889-11-01,London,United Kingdom,Male,,,,10/8/1982,London,United Kingdom
1959,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1959,"""for their discovery of the antiproton""",2-Jan,72,Individual,Emilio Gino Segrè,2/1/1905,Tivoli,Italy,Male,University of California,"Berkeley, CA",United States of America,4/22/1989,"Lafayette, CA",United States of America
1959,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1959,"""for their discovery of the antiproton""",2-Jan,73,Individual,Owen Chamberlain,7/10/1920,"San Francisco, CA",United States of America,Male,University of California,"Berkeley, CA",United States of America,2/28/2006,"Berkeley, CA",United States of America
1960,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1960,"""for his method to use carbon-14 for age determination in archaeology, geology, geophysics, and other branches of science""",1-Jan,224,Individual,Willard Frank Libby,12/17/1908,"Grand Valley, CO",United States of America,Male,University of California,"Los Angeles, CA",United States of America,9/8/1980,"Los Angeles, CA",United States of America
1960,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 1960,"""for the soaring flight and the evocative imagery of his poetry which in a visionary fashion reflects the conditions of our time""",1-Jan,631,Individual,Saint-John Perse,1887-05-31,Pointe-à-Pitre,Guadeloupe Island,Male,,,,9/20/1975,Presqu'île-de-Giens,France
1960,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1960,"""for discovery of acquired immunological tolerance""",2-Jan,369,Individual,Sir Frank Macfarlane Burnet,1899-09-03,Traralgon,Australia,Male,Walter and Eliza Hall Institute for Medical Research,Melbourne,Australia,8/31/1985,Melbourne,Australia
1960,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1960,"""for discovery of acquired immunological tolerance""",2-Jan,370,Individual,Peter Brian Medawar,2/28/1915,Rio de Janeiro,Brazil,Male,University College,London,United Kingdom,10/2/1987,London,United Kingdom
1960,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1960,,1-Jan,519,Individual,Albert John Lutuli,1898-00-00,Bulawayo,Southern Rhodesia (Zimbabwe),Male,,,,7/21/1967,Stanger,South Africa
1960,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1960,"""for the invention of the bubble chamber""",1-Jan,74,Individual,Donald Arthur Glaser,9/21/1926,"Cleveland, OH",United States of America,Male,University of California,"Berkeley, CA",United States of America,2/28/2013,"Berkeley, CA",United States of America
1961,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1961,"""for his research on the carbon dioxide assimilation in plants""",1-Jan,225,Individual,Melvin Calvin,4/8/1911,"St. Paul, MN",United States of America,Male,University of California,"Berkeley, CA",United States of America,1/8/1997,"Berkeley, CA",United States of America
1961,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 1961,"""for the epic force with which he has traced themes and depicted human destinies drawn from the history of his country""",1-Jan,633,Individual,Ivo Andric,1892-10-10,Dolac,Bosnia (Bosnia and Herzegovina),Male,,,,3/13/1975,Belgrade,Yugoslavia (Serbia)
1961,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1961,"""for his discoveries of the physical mechanism of stimulation within the cochlea""",1-Jan,371,Individual,Georg von Békésy,1899-06-03,Budapest,Hungary,Male,Harvard University,"Cambridge, MA",United States of America,6/13/1972,"Honolulu, HI",United States of America
1961,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1961,,1-Jan,520,Individual,Dag Hjalmar Agne Carl Hammarskjöld,7/29/1905,Jönköping,Sweden,Male,,,,9/18/1961,Ndola,Northern Rhodesia (Zambia)
1961,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1961,"""for his pioneering studies of electron scattering in atomic nuclei and for his thereby achieved discoveries concerning the structure of the nucleons""",2-Jan,75,Individual,Robert Hofstadter,2/5/1915,"New York, NY",United States of America,Male,Stanford University,"Stanford, CA",United States of America,11/17/1990,"Stanford, CA",United States of America
1961,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1961,"""for his researches concerning the resonance absorption of gamma radiation and his discovery in this connection of the effect which bears his name""",2-Jan,76,Individual,Rudolf Ludwig Mössbauer,1/31/1929,Munich,Germany,Male,Technical University,Munich,Federal Republic of Germany,9/14/2011,,
1961,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1961,"""for his researches concerning the resonance absorption of gamma radiation and his discovery in this connection of the effect which bears his name""",2-Jan,76,Individual,Rudolf Ludwig Mössbauer,1/31/1929,Munich,Germany,Male,California Institute of Technology (Caltech),"Pasadena, CA",United States of America,9/14/2011,,
1962,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1962,"""for their studies of the structures of globular proteins""",2-Jan,226,Individual,Max Ferdinand Perutz,5/19/1914,Vienna,Austria,Male,MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology,Cambridge,United Kingdom,2/6/2002,Cambridge,United Kingdom
1962,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1962,"""for their studies of the structures of globular proteins""",2-Jan,227,Individual,John Cowdery Kendrew,3/24/1917,Oxford,United Kingdom,Male,MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology,Cambridge,United Kingdom,8/23/1997,Cambridge,United Kingdom
1962,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 1962,"""for his realistic and imaginative writings, combining as they do sympathetic humour and keen social perception""",1-Jan,634,Individual,John Steinbeck,2/27/1902,"Salinas, CA",United States of America,Male,,,,12/20/1968,"New York, NY",United States of America
1962,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1962,"""for their discoveries concerning the molecular structure of nucleic acids and its significance for information transfer in living material""",3-Jan,372,Individual,Francis Harry Compton Crick,6/8/1916,Northampton,United Kingdom,Male,MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology,Cambridge,United Kingdom,7/28/2004,"San Diego, CA",United States of America
1962,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1962,"""for their discoveries concerning the molecular structure of nucleic acids and its significance for information transfer in living material""",3-Jan,373,Individual,James Dewey Watson,4/6/1928,"Chicago, IL",United States of America,Male,Harvard University,"Cambridge, MA",United States of America,,,
1962,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1962,"""for their discoveries concerning the molecular structure of nucleic acids and its significance for information transfer in living material""",3-Jan,374,Individual,Maurice Hugh Frederick Wilkins,12/15/1916,Pongaroa,New Zealand,Male,London University,London,United Kingdom,10/5/2004,London,United Kingdom
1962,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1962,,1-Jan,217,Individual,Linus Carl Pauling,2/28/1901,"Portland, OR",United States of America,Male,California Institute of Technology (Caltech),"Pasadena, CA",United States of America,8/19/1994,"Big Sur, CA",United States of America
1962,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1962,"""for his pioneering theories for condensed matter, especially liquid helium""",1-Jan,77,Individual,Lev Davidovich Landau,1/22/1908,Baku,Russian Empire (Azerbaijan),Male,Academy of Sciences,Moscow,Union of Soviet Socialist Republics,4/1/1968,Moscow,Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (Russia)
1963,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1963,"""for their discoveries in the field of the chemistry and technology of high polymers""",2-Jan,228,Individual,Karl Ziegler,1898-11-26,Helsa,Germany,Male,Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung (Max-Planck-Institute for Carbon Research),Mülheim/Ruhr,Federal Republic of Germany,8/12/1973,Mülheim,West Germany (Germany)
1963,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1963,"""for their discoveries in the field of the chemistry and technology of high polymers""",2-Jan,229,Individual,Giulio Natta,2/26/1903,Imperia,Italy,Male,Institute of Technology,Milan,Italy,5/2/1979,Bergamo,Italy
1963,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 1963,"""for his eminent lyrical writing, inspired by a deep feeling for the Hellenic world of culture""",1-Jan,635,Individual,Giorgos Seferis,3/13/1900,Smyrna (Izmir),Ottoman Empire (Turkey),Male,,,,9/20/1971,Athens,Greece
1963,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1963,"""for their discoveries concerning the ionic mechanisms involved in excitation and inhibition in the peripheral and central portions of the nerve cell membrane""",3-Jan,375,Individual,Sir John Carew Eccles,1/27/1903,Melbourne,Australia,Male,Australian National University,Canberra,Australia,5/2/1997,Contra,Switzerland
1963,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1963,"""for their discoveries concerning the ionic mechanisms involved in excitation and inhibition in the peripheral and central portions of the nerve cell membrane""",3-Jan,376,Individual,Alan Lloyd Hodgkin,2/5/1914,Banbury,United Kingdom,Male,University of Cambridge,Cambridge,United Kingdom,12/20/1998,Cambridge,United Kingdom
1963,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1963,"""for their discoveries concerning the ionic mechanisms involved in excitation and inhibition in the peripheral and central portions of the nerve cell membrane""",3-Jan,377,Individual,Andrew Fielding Huxley,11/22/1917,Hampstead,United Kingdom,Male,University College,London,United Kingdom,5/30/2012,Grantchester,United Kingdom
1963,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1963,,2-Jan,482,Organization,Comité international de la Croix Rouge (International Committee of the Red Cross),,,,,,,,,,
1963,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1963,,2-Jan,523,Organization,Ligue des Sociétés de la Croix-Rouge (League of Red Cross Societies),,,,,,,,,,
1963,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1963,"""for his contributions to the theory of the atomic nucleus and the elementary particles, particularly through the discovery and application of fundamental symmetry principles""",2-Jan,78,Individual,Eugene Paul Wigner,11/17/1902,Budapest,Austria-Hungary (Hungary),Male,Princeton University,"Princeton, NJ",United States of America,1/1/1995,"Princeton, NJ",United States of America
1963,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1963,"""for their discoveries concerning nuclear shell structure""",4-Jan,79,Individual,Maria Goeppert Mayer,6/28/1906,Kattowitz (Katowice),Germany (Poland),Female,University of California,"San Diego, CA",United States of America,2/20/1972,"San Diego, CA",United States of America
1963,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1963,"""for their discoveries concerning nuclear shell structure""",4-Jan,80,Individual,J. Hans D. Jensen,6/25/1907,Hamburg,Germany,Male,University of Heidelberg,Heidelberg,Federal Republic of Germany,2/11/1973,Heidelberg,West Germany (Germany)
1964,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1964,"""for her determinations by X-ray techniques of the structures of important biochemical substances""",1-Jan,230,Individual,Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin,5/12/1910,Cairo,Egypt,Female,"University of Oxford, Royal Society",Oxford,United Kingdom,7/29/1994,Shipston-on-Stour,United Kingdom
1964,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 1964,"""for his work which, rich in ideas and filled with the spirit of freedom and the quest for truth, has exerted a far-reaching influence on our age""",1-Jan,637,Individual,Jean-Paul Sartre,6/21/1905,Paris,France,Male,,,,4/15/1980,Paris,France
1964,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1964,"""for their discoveries concerning the mechanism and regulation of the cholesterol and fatty acid metabolism""",2-Jan,378,Individual,Konrad Bloch,1/21/1912,Neisse (Nysa),Germany (Poland),Male,Harvard University,"Cambridge, MA",United States of America,10/15/2000,"Burlington, MA",United States of America
1964,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1964,"""for their discoveries concerning the mechanism and regulation of the cholesterol and fatty acid metabolism""",2-Jan,379,Individual,Feodor Lynen,4/6/1911,Munich,Germany,Male,Max-Planck-Institut für Zellchemie,Munich,Federal Republic of Germany,8/6/1979,Munich,Germany
1964,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1964,,1-Jan,524,Individual,Martin Luther King Jr.,1/15/1929,"Atlanta, GA",United States of America,Male,,,,4/4/1968,"Memphis, TN",United States of America
1964,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1964,"""for fundamental work in the field of quantum electronics, which has led to the construction of oscillators and amplifiers based on the maser-laser principle""",2-Jan,81,Individual,Charles Hard Townes,7/28/1915,"Greenville, SC",United States of America,Male,Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT),"Cambridge, MA",United States of America,1/27/2015,"Berkeley, CA",United States of America
1964,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1964,"""for fundamental work in the field of quantum electronics, which has led to the construction of oscillators and amplifiers based on the maser-laser principle""",4-Jan,82,Individual,Nicolay Gennadiyevich Basov,12/14/1922,Usman,Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (Russia),Male,P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute,Moscow,Union of Soviet Socialist Republics,7/1/2001,Moscow,Russia
1964,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1964,"""for fundamental work in the field of quantum electronics, which has led to the construction of oscillators and amplifiers based on the maser-laser principle""",4-Jan,83,Individual,Aleksandr Mikhailovich Prokhorov,7/11/1916,Atherton,Australia,Male,P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute,Moscow,Union of Soviet Socialist Republics,1/8/2002,Moscow,Russia
1965,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1965,"""for his outstanding achievements in the art of organic synthesis""",1-Jan,231,Individual,Robert Burns Woodward,4/10/1917,"Boston, MA",United States of America,Male,Harvard University,"Cambridge, MA",United States of America,7/8/1979,"Cambridge, MA",United States of America
1965,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 1965,"""for the artistic power and integrity with which, in his epic of the Don, he has given expression to a historic phase in the life of the Russian people""",1-Jan,638,Individual,Mikhail Aleksandrovich Sholokhov,5/24/1905,Veshenskaya,Russia,Male,,,,2/21/1984,Veshenskaya,Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
1965,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1965,"""for their discoveries concerning genetic control of enzyme and virus synthesis""",3-Jan,380,Individual,François Jacob,6/17/1920,Nancy,France,Male,Institut Pasteur,Paris,France,4/19/2013,Paris,France
1965,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1965,"""for their discoveries concerning genetic control of enzyme and virus synthesis""",3-Jan,381,Individual,André Lwoff,5/8/1902,Ainay-le-Château,France,Male,Institut Pasteur,Paris,France,9/30/1994,Paris,France
1965,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1965,"""for their discoveries concerning genetic control of enzyme and virus synthesis""",3-Jan,382,Individual,Jacques Monod,2/9/1910,Paris,France,Male,Institut Pasteur,Paris,France,5/31/1976,Cannes,France
1965,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1965,,1-Jan,525,Organization,United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF),,,,,,,,,,
1965,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1965,"""for their fundamental work in quantum electrodynamics, with deep-ploughing consequences for the physics of elementary particles""",3-Jan,84,Individual,Sin-Itiro Tomonaga,3/31/1906,Kyoto,Japan,Male,Tokyo University of Education,Tokyo,Japan,7/8/1979,Tokyo,Japan
1965,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1965,"""for their fundamental work in quantum electrodynamics, with deep-ploughing consequences for the physics of elementary particles""",3-Jan,85,Individual,Julian Schwinger,2/12/1918,"New York, NY",United States of America,Male,Harvard University,"Cambridge, MA",United States of America,7/16/1994,"Los Angeles, CA",United States of America
1965,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1965,"""for their fundamental work in quantum electrodynamics, with deep-ploughing consequences for the physics of elementary particles""",3-Jan,86,Individual,Richard P. Feynman,5/11/1918,"New York, NY",United States of America,Male,California Institute of Technology (Caltech),"Pasadena, CA",United States of America,2/15/1988,"Los Angeles, CA",United States of America
1966,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1966,"""for his fundamental work concerning chemical bonds and the electronic structure of molecules by the molecular orbital method""",1-Jan,232,Individual,Robert S. Mulliken,1896-06-07,"Newburyport, MA",United States of America,Male,University of Chicago,"Chicago, IL",United States of America,10/31/1986,"Arlington, VA",United States of America
1966,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 1966,"""for his profoundly characteristic narrative art with motifs from the life of the Jewish people""",2-Jan,639,Individual,Shmuel Yosef Agnon,1888-07-17,Buczacz (Buchach),Austria-Hungary (Ukraine),Male,,,,2/17/1970,Rehovot,Israel
1966,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 1966,"""for her outstanding lyrical and dramatic writing, which interprets Israel's destiny with touching strength"" ",2-Jan,640,Individual,Nelly Sachs,1891-12-10,Berlin,Germany,Female,,,,5/12/1970,Stockholm,Sweden
1966,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1966,"""for his discovery of tumour-inducing viruses""",2-Jan,383,Individual,Peyton Rous,1879-10-05,"Baltimore, MD",United States of America,Male,Rockefeller University,"New York, NY",United States of America,2/16/1972,"New York, NY",United States of America
1966,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1966,"""for his discoveries concerning hormonal treatment of prostatic cancer""",2-Jan,384,Individual,Charles Brenton Huggins,9/22/1901,Halifax,Canada,Male,"University of Chicago, Ben May Laboratory for Cancer Research","Chicago, IL",United States of America,1/12/1997,"Chicago, IL",United States of America
1966,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1966,"""for the discovery and development of optical methods for studying Hertzian resonances in atoms""",1-Jan,87,Individual,Alfred Kastler,5/3/1902,Guebwiller,Germany (France),Male,École Normale Supérieure,Paris,France,1/7/1984,Bandol,France
1967,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1967,"""for their studies of extremely fast chemical reactions, effected by disturbing the equilibrium by means of very short pulses of energy""",2-Jan,233,Individual,Manfred Eigen,5/9/1927,Bochum,Germany,Male,Max-Planck-Institut für Physikalische Chemie,Göttingen,Federal Republic of Germany,,,
1967,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1967,"""for their studies of extremely fast chemical reactions, effected by disturbing the equilibrium by means of very short pulses of energy""",4-Jan,234,Individual,Ronald George Wreyford Norrish,1897-11-09,Cambridge,United Kingdom,Male,Institute of Physical Chemistry,Cambridge,United Kingdom,6/7/1978,Cambridge,United Kingdom
1967,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1967,"""for their studies of extremely fast chemical reactions, effected by disturbing the equilibrium by means of very short pulses of energy""",4-Jan,235,Individual,George Porter,12/6/1920,Stainforth,United Kingdom,Male,Royal Institution of Great Britain,London,United Kingdom,8/31/2002,Canterbury,United Kingdom
1967,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 1967,"""for his vivid literary achievement, deep-rooted in the national traits and traditions of Indian peoples of Latin America""",1-Jan,641,Individual,Miguel Angel Asturias,1899-10-19,Guatemala City,Guatemala,Male,,,,6/9/1974,Madrid,Spain
1967,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1967,"""for their discoveries concerning the primary physiological and chemical visual processes in the eye""",3-Jan,385,Individual,Ragnar Granit,10/30/1900,Helsinki,Russian Empire (Finland),Male,Karolinska Institutet,Stockholm,Sweden,3/12/1991,Stockholm,Sweden
1967,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1967,"""for their discoveries concerning the primary physiological and chemical visual processes in the eye""",3-Jan,386,Individual,Haldan Keffer Hartline,12/22/1903,"Bloomsburg, PA",United States of America,Male,Rockefeller University,"New York, NY",United States of America,3/17/1983,"Fallston, MD",United States of America
1967,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1967,"""for their discoveries concerning the primary physiological and chemical visual processes in the eye""",3-Jan,387,Individual,George Wald,11/18/1906,"New York, NY",United States of America,Male,Harvard University,"Cambridge, MA",United States of America,4/12/1997,"Cambridge, MA",United States of America
1967,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1967,"""for his contributions to the theory of nuclear reactions, especially his discoveries concerning the energy production in stars""",1-Jan,88,Individual,Hans Albrecht Bethe,7/2/1906,Strassburg (Strasbourg),Germany (France),Male,Cornell University,"Ithaca, NY",United States of America,3/6/2005,"Ithaca, NY",United States of America
1968,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1968,"""for the discovery of the reciprocal relations bearing his name, which are fundamental for the thermodynamics of irreversible processes""",1-Jan,236,Individual,Lars Onsager,11/27/1903,Kristiania (Oslo),Norway,Male,Yale University,"New Haven, CT",United States of America,10/5/1976,"Coral Gables, FL",United States of America
1968,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 1968,"""for his narrative mastery, which with great sensibility expresses the essence of the Japanese mind""",1-Jan,642,Individual,Yasunari Kawabata,1899-06-11,Osaka,Japan,Male,,,,4/16/1972,Zushi,Japan
1968,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1968,"""for their interpretation of the genetic code and its function in protein synthesis""",3-Jan,388,Individual,Robert W. Holley,1/28/1922,"Urbana, IL",United States of America,Male,Cornell University,"Ithaca, NY",United States of America,2/11/1993,"Los Gatos, CA",United States of America
1968,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1968,"""for their interpretation of the genetic code and its function in protein synthesis""",3-Jan,389,Individual,Har Gobind Khorana,1/9/1922,Raipur,India,Male,University of Wisconsin,"Madison, WI",United States of America,11/9/2011,"Concord, MA",United States of America
1968,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1968,"""for their interpretation of the genetic code and its function in protein synthesis""",3-Jan,390,Individual,Marshall W. Nirenberg,4/10/1927,"New York, NY",United States of America,Male,National Institutes of Health,"Bethesda, MD",United States of America,1/15/2010,"New York, NY",United States of America
1968,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1968,,1-Jan,526,Individual,René Cassin,1887-10-05,Bayonne,France,Male,,,,2/20/1976,Paris,France
1968,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1968,"""for his decisive contributions to elementary particle physics, in particular the discovery of a large number of resonance states, made possible through his development of the technique of using hydrogen bubble chamber and data analysis""",1-Jan,89,Individual,Luis Walter Alvarez,6/13/1911,"San Francisco, CA",United States of America,Male,University of California,"Berkeley, CA",United States of America,9/1/1988,"Berkeley, CA",United States of America
1969,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1969,"""for their contributions to the development of the concept of conformation and its application in chemistry""",2-Jan,237,Individual,Derek H. R. Barton,9/8/1918,Gravesend,United Kingdom,Male,Imperial College,London,United Kingdom,3/16/1998,"College Station, TX",United States of America
1969,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1969,"""for their contributions to the development of the concept of conformation and its application in chemistry""",2-Jan,238,Individual,Odd Hassel,1897-05-17,Kristiania (Oslo),Norway,Male,University of Oslo,Oslo,Norway,5/11/1981,Oslo,Norway
1969,Economics,The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 1969,"""for having developed and applied dynamic models for the analysis of economic processes""",2-Jan,677,Individual,Ragnar Frisch,1895-03-03,Oslo,Norway,Male,University of Oslo,Oslo,Norway,1/31/1973,Oslo,Norway
1969,Economics,The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 1969,"""for having developed and applied dynamic models for the analysis of economic processes""",2-Jan,678,Individual,Jan Tinbergen,4/12/1903,the Hague,Netherlands,Male,The Netherlands School of Economics,Rotterdam,Netherlands,6/9/1994,the Hague,Netherlands
1969,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 1969,"""for his writing, which - in new forms for the novel and drama - in the destitution of modern man acquires its elevation""",1-Jan,643,Individual,Samuel Beckett,4/13/1906,Dublin,Ireland,Male,,,,12/22/1989,Paris,France
1969,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1969,"""for their discoveries concerning the replication mechanism and the genetic structure of viruses""",3-Jan,391,Individual,Max Delbrück,9/4/1906,Berlin,Germany,Male,California Institute of Technology (Caltech),"Pasadena, CA",United States of America,3/9/1981,"Pasadena, CA",United States of America
1969,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1969,"""for their discoveries concerning the replication mechanism and the genetic structure of viruses""",3-Jan,392,Individual,Alfred D. Hershey,12/4/1908,"Owosso, MI",United States of America,Male,Carnegie Institution of Washington,"Long Island, New York, NY",United States of America,5/22/1997,"Syosset, NY",United States of America
1969,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1969,"""for their discoveries concerning the replication mechanism and the genetic structure of viruses""",3-Jan,393,Individual,Salvador E. Luria,8/13/1912,Torino,Italy,Male,Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT),"Cambridge, MA",United States of America,2/6/1991,"Lexington, MA",United States of America
1969,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1969,,1-Jan,527,Organization,International Labour Organization (I.L.O.),,,,,,,,,,
1969,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1969,"""for his contributions and discoveries concerning the classification of elementary particles and their interactions""",1-Jan,90,Individual,Murray Gell-Mann,9/15/1929,"New York, NY",United States of America,Male,California Institute of Technology (Caltech),"Pasadena, CA",United States of America,,,
1970,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1970,"""for his discovery of sugar nucleotides and their role in the biosynthesis of carbohydrates""",1-Jan,239,Individual,Luis F. Leloir,9/6/1906,Paris,France,Male,Institute for Biochemical Research,Buenos Aires,Argentina,12/2/1987,Buenos Aires,Argentina
1970,Economics,The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 1970,"""for the scientific work through which he has developed static and dynamic economic theory and actively contributed to raising the level of analysis in economic science""",1-Jan,679,Individual,Paul A. Samuelson,5/15/1915,"Gary, IN",United States of America,Male,Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT),"Cambridge, MA",United States of America,12/13/2009,"Belmont, MA",United States of America
1970,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 1970,"""for the ethical force with which he has pursued the indispensable traditions of Russian literature""",1-Jan,644,Individual,Aleksandr Isayevich Solzhenitsyn,12/11/1918,Kislovodsk,Russia,Male,,,,8/3/2008,Troitse-Lykovo,Russia
1970,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1970,"""for their discoveries concerning the humoral transmittors in the nerve terminals and the mechanism for their storage, release and inactivation""",3-Jan,394,Individual,Sir Bernard Katz,3/26/1911,Leipzig,Germany,Male,University College,London,United Kingdom,4/20/2003,London,United Kingdom
1970,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1970,"""for their discoveries concerning the humoral transmittors in the nerve terminals and the mechanism for their storage, release and inactivation""",3-Jan,395,Individual,Ulf von Euler,2/7/1905,Stockholm,Sweden,Male,Karolinska Institutet,Stockholm,Sweden,3/9/1983,Stockholm,Sweden
1970,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1970,"""for their discoveries concerning the humoral transmittors in the nerve terminals and the mechanism for their storage, release and inactivation""",3-Jan,396,Individual,Julius Axelrod,5/30/1912,"New York, NY",United States of America,Male,National Institutes of Health,"Bethesda, MD",United States of America,12/29/2004,"Rockville, MD",United States of America
1970,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1970,,1-Jan,528,Individual,Norman E. Borlaug,3/25/1914,"Cresco, IA",United States of America,Male,,,,9/12/2009,"Dallas, TX",United States of America
1970,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1970,"""for fundamental work and discoveries in magnetohydro-dynamics with fruitful applications in different parts of plasma physics""",2-Jan,91,Individual,Hannes Olof Gösta Alfvén,5/30/1908,Norrköping,Sweden,Male,Royal Institute of Technology,Stockholm,Sweden,4/2/1995,Djursholm,Sweden
1970,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1970,"""for fundamental work and discoveries concerning antiferromagnetism and ferrimagnetism which have led to important applications in solid state physics""",2-Jan,92,Individual,Louis Eugène Félix Néel,11/22/1904,Lyon,France,Male,University of Grenoble,Grenoble,France,11/17/2000,Brive-Corrèze,France
1971,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1971,"""for his contributions to the knowledge of electronic structure and geometry of molecules, particularly free radicals""",1-Jan,240,Individual,Gerhard Herzberg,12/25/1904,Hamburg,Germany,Male,National Research Council of Canada,Ottawa,Canada,3/3/1999,Ottawa,Canada
1971,Economics,The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 1971,"""for his empirically founded interpretation of economic growth which has led to new and deepened insight into the economic and social structure and process of development""",1-Jan,680,Individual,Simon Kuznets,4/30/1901,Pinsk,Russian Empire (Belarus),Male,Harvard University,"Cambridge, MA",United States of America,7/8/1985,"Cambridge, MA",United States of America
1971,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 1971,"""for a poetry that with the action of an elemental force brings alive a continent's destiny and dreams""",1-Jan,645,Individual,Pablo Neruda,7/12/1904,Parral,Chile,Male,,,,9/23/1973,Santiago,Chile
1971,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1971,"""for his discoveries concerning the mechanisms of the action of hormones""",1-Jan,397,Individual,"Earl W. Sutherland, Jr.",11/19/1915,"Burlingame, KS",United States of America,Male,Vanderbilt University,"Nashville, TN",United States of America,3/9/1974,"Miami, FL",United States of America
1971,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1971,,1-Jan,529,Individual,Willy Brandt,12/18/1913,Lübeck,Germany,Male,,,,10/8/1992,Unkel,Germany
1971,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1971,"""for his invention and development of the holographic method""",1-Jan,93,Individual,Dennis Gabor,6/5/1900,Budapest,Hungary,Male,Imperial College,London,United Kingdom,2/8/1979,London,United Kingdom
1972,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1972,"""for his work on ribonuclease, especially concerning the connection between the amino acid sequence and the biologically active conformation""",2-Jan,241,Individual,Christian B. Anfinsen,3/26/1916,"Monessen, PA",United States of America,Male,National Institutes of Health,"Bethesda, MD",United States of America,5/14/1995,"Randallstown, MD",United States of America
1972,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1972,"""for their contribution to the understanding of the connection between chemical structure and catalytic activity of the active centre of the ribonuclease molecule""",4-Jan,242,Individual,Stanford Moore,9/4/1913,"Chicago, IL",United States of America,Male,Rockefeller University,"New York, NY",United States of America,8/23/1982,"New York, NY",United States of America
1972,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1972,"""for their contribution to the understanding of the connection between chemical structure and catalytic activity of the active centre of the ribonuclease molecule""",4-Jan,243,Individual,William H. Stein,6/25/1911,"New York, NY",United States of America,Male,Rockefeller University,"New York, NY",United States of America,2/2/1980,"New York, NY",United States of America
1972,Economics,The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 1972,"""for their pioneering contributions to general economic equilibrium theory and welfare theory""",2-Jan,681,Individual,John R. Hicks,4/8/1904,Warwick,United Kingdom,Male,All Souls College,Oxford,United Kingdom,5/20/1989,Blockley,United Kingdom
1972,Economics,The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 1972,"""for their pioneering contributions to general economic equilibrium theory and welfare theory""",2-Jan,682,Individual,Kenneth J. Arrow,8/23/1921,"New York, NY",United States of America,Male,Harvard University,"Cambridge, MA",United States of America,,,
1972,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 1972,"""for his writing which through its combination of a broad perspective on his time and a sensitive skill in characterization has contributed to a renewal of German literature""",1-Jan,647,Individual,Heinrich Böll,12/21/1917,Cologne,Germany,Male,,,,7/16/1985,Bornheim-Merten,West Germany (Germany)
1972,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1972,"""for their discoveries concerning the chemical structure of antibodies""",2-Jan,398,Individual,Gerald M. Edelman,7/1/1929,"New York, NY",United States of America,Male,Rockefeller University,"New York, NY",United States of America,5/17/2014,"La Jolla, CA",United States of America
1972,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1972,"""for their discoveries concerning the chemical structure of antibodies""",2-Jan,399,Individual,Rodney R. Porter,10/8/1917,Newton-le-Willows,United Kingdom,Male,University of Oxford,Oxford,United Kingdom,9/6/1985,Winchester,United Kingdom
1972,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1972,"""for their jointly developed theory of superconductivity, usually called the BCS-theory""",3-Jan,66,Individual,John Bardeen,5/23/1908,"Madison, WI",United States of America,Male,University of Illinois,"Urbana, IL",United States of America,1/30/1991,"Boston, MA",United States of America
1972,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1972,"""for their jointly developed theory of superconductivity, usually called the BCS-theory""",3-Jan,95,Individual,Leon Neil Cooper,2/28/1930,"New York, NY",United States of America,Male,Brown University,"Providence, RI",United States of America,,,
1972,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1972,"""for their jointly developed theory of superconductivity, usually called the BCS-theory""",3-Jan,96,Individual,John Robert Schrieffer,5/31/1931,"Oak Park, IL",United States of America,Male,University of Pennsylvania,"Philadelphia, PA",United States of America,,,
1973,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1973,"""for their pioneering work, performed independently, on the chemistry of the organometallic, so called sandwich compounds""",2-Jan,244,Individual,Ernst Otto Fischer,11/10/1918,Munich,Germany,Male,Technical University,Munich,Federal Republic of Germany,7/23/2007,Munich,Germany
1973,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1973,"""for their pioneering work, performed independently, on the chemistry of the organometallic, so called sandwich compounds""",2-Jan,245,Individual,Geoffrey Wilkinson,7/14/1921,Todmorden,United Kingdom,Male,Imperial College,London,United Kingdom,9/26/1996,London,United Kingdom
1973,Economics,The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 1973,"""for the development of the input-output method and for its application to important economic problems""",1-Jan,683,Individual,Wassily Leontief,8/5/1906,St. Petersburg,Russia,Male,Harvard University,"Cambridge, MA",United States of America,2/5/1999,"New York, NY",United States of America
1973,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 1973,"""for an epic and psychological narrative art which has introduced a new continent into literature""",1-Jan,648,Individual,Patrick White,5/28/1912,London,United Kingdom,Male,,,,9/30/1990,Sydney,Australia
1973,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1973,"""for their discoveries concerning organization and elicitation of individual and social behaviour patterns""",3-Jan,400,Individual,Karl von Frisch,1886-11-20,Vienna,Austria,Male,Zoologisches Institut der Universität München,Munich,Federal Republic of Germany,6/12/1982,Munich,West Germany (Germany)
1973,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1973,"""for their discoveries concerning organization and elicitation of individual and social behaviour patterns""",3-Jan,401,Individual,Konrad Lorenz,11/7/1903,Vienna,Austria,Male,"Konrad-Lorenz-Institut der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissen­schaften, Forschungsstelle für Ethologie",Altenberg; Grünau im Almtal,Austria,2/27/1989,Vienna,Austria
1973,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1973,"""for their discoveries concerning organization and elicitation of individual and social behaviour patterns""",3-Jan,402,Individual,Nikolaas Tinbergen,4/15/1907,the Hague,Netherlands,Male,University of Oxford,Oxford,United Kingdom,12/21/1988,Oxford,United Kingdom
1973,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1973,,2-Jan,530,Individual,Henry A. Kissinger,5/27/1923,Fürth,Germany,Male,,,,,,
1973,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1973,,2-Jan,531,Organization,Le Duc Tho,10/14/1911,Nam Ha province,Vietnam,Male,,,,10/13/1990,Hanoi,Vietnam
1973,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1973,"""for their experimental discoveries regarding tunneling phenomena in semiconductors and superconductors, respectively""",4-Jan,97,Individual,Leo Esaki,3/12/1925,Osaka,Japan,Male,IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center,"Yorktown Heights, NY",United States of America,,,
1973,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1973,"""for their experimental discoveries regarding tunneling phenomena in semiconductors and superconductors, respectively""",4-Jan,98,Individual,Ivar Giaever,4/5/1929,Bergen,Norway,Male,General Electric Company,"Schenectady, NY",United States of America,,,
1973,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1973,"""for his theoretical predictions of the properties of a supercurrent through a tunnel barrier, in particular those phenomena which are generally known as the Josephson effects""",2-Jan,99,Individual,Brian David Josephson,1/4/1940,Cardiff,United Kingdom,Male,University of Cambridge,Cambridge,United Kingdom,,,
1974,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1974,"""for his fundamental achievements, both theoretical and experimental, in the physical chemistry of the macromolecules""",1-Jan,246,Individual,Paul J. Flory,6/19/1910,"Sterling, IL",United States of America,Male,Stanford University,"Stanford, CA",United States of America,9/8/1985,"Big Sur, CA",United States of America
1974,Economics,The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 1974,"""for their pioneering work in the theory of money and economic fluctuations and for their penetrating analysis of the interdependence of economic, social and institutional phenomena""",2-Jan,684,Individual,Gunnar Myrdal,1898-12-06,Skattungbyn,Sweden,Male,,,,5/17/1987,Stockholm,Sweden
1974,Economics,The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 1974,"""for their pioneering work in the theory of money and economic fluctuations and for their penetrating analysis of the interdependence of economic, social and institutional phenomena""",2-Jan,685,Individual,Friedrich August von Hayek,1899-05-08,Vienna,Austria,Male,,,,3/23/1992,Freiburg,Germany
1974,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 1974,"""for a narrative art, far-seeing in lands and ages, in the service of freedom""",2-Jan,649,Individual,Eyvind Johnson,7/29/1900,Svartbjörnsbyn,Sweden,Male,,,,8/25/1976,Stockholm,Sweden
1974,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 1974,"""for writings that catch the dewdrop and reflect the cosmos""",2-Jan,650,Individual,Harry Martinson,5/6/1904,Jämshög,Sweden,Male,,,,2/11/1978,Stockholm,Sweden
1974,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1974,"""for their discoveries concerning the structural and functional organization of the cell""",3-Jan,403,Individual,Albert Claude,1898-08-24,Longlier,Belgium,Male,Université Catholique de Louvain,Louvain,Belgium,5/22/1983,Brussels,Belgium
1974,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1974,"""for their discoveries concerning the structural and functional organization of the cell""",3-Jan,404,Individual,Christian de Duve,10/2/1917,Thames Ditton,United Kingdom,Male,Rockefeller University,"New York, NY",United States of America,5/4/2013,Nethen,Belgium
1974,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1974,"""for their discoveries concerning the structural and functional organization of the cell""",3-Jan,404,Individual,Christian de Duve,10/2/1917,Thames Ditton,United Kingdom,Male,Université Catholique de Louvain,Louvain,Belgium,5/4/2013,Nethen,Belgium
1974,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1974,"""for their discoveries concerning the structural and functional organization of the cell""",3-Jan,405,Individual,George E. Palade,11/19/1912,Iasi,Romania,Male,"Yale University, School of Medicine","New Haven, CT",United States of America,10/7/2008,"Del Mar, CA",United States of America
1974,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1974,,2-Jan,532,Individual,Seán MacBride,1/26/1904,Paris,France,Male,,,,1/15/1988,Dublin,Ireland
1974,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1974,,2-Jan,533,Individual,Eisaku Sato,3/27/1901,Tabuse,Japan,Male,,,,6/3/1975,Tokyo,Japan
1974,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1974,"""for their pioneering research in radio astrophysics: Ryle for his observations and inventions, in particular of the aperture synthesis technique, and Hewish for his decisive role in the discovery of pulsars""",2-Jan,100,Individual,Sir Martin Ryle,9/27/1918,Brighton,United Kingdom,Male,University of Cambridge,Cambridge,United Kingdom,10/14/1984,Cambridge,United Kingdom
1974,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1974,"""for their pioneering research in radio astrophysics: Ryle for his observations and inventions, in particular of the aperture synthesis technique, and Hewish for his decisive role in the discovery of pulsars""",2-Jan,101,Individual,Antony Hewish,5/11/1924,Fowey,United Kingdom,Male,University of Cambridge,Cambridge,United Kingdom,,,
1975,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1975,"""for his work on the stereochemistry of enzyme-catalyzed reactions""",2-Jan,247,Individual,John Warcup Cornforth,9/7/1917,Sydney,Australia,Male,University of Sussex,Brighton,United Kingdom,12/8/2013,,
1975,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1975,"""for his research into the stereochemistry of organic molecules and reactions""",2-Jan,248,Individual,Vladimir Prelog,7/23/1906,Sarajevo,Austria-Hungary (Bosnia and Herzegovina),Male,Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology),Zurich,Switzerland,1/7/1998,Zurich,Switzerland
1975,Economics,The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 1975,"""for their contributions to the theory of optimum allocation of resources""",2-Jan,686,Individual,Leonid Vitaliyevich Kantorovich,1/19/1912,St. Petersburg,Russian Empire (Russia),Male,Academy of Sciences,Moscow,Union of Soviet Socialist Republics,4/7/1986,Moscow,Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (Russia)
1975,Economics,The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 1975,"""for their contributions to the theory of optimum allocation of resources""",2-Jan,687,Individual,Tjalling C. Koopmans,8/28/1910,'s Graveland,Netherlands,Male,Yale University,"New Haven, CT",United States of America,2/26/1985,"New Haven, CT",United States of America
1975,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 1975,"""for his distinctive poetry which, with great artistic sensitivity, has interpreted human values under the sign of an outlook on life with no illusions""",1-Jan,651,Individual,Eugenio Montale,1896-10-12,Genoa,Italy,Male,,,,9/12/1981,Milan,Italy
1975,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1975,"""for their discoveries concerning the interaction between tumour viruses and the genetic material of the cell""",3-Jan,406,Individual,David Baltimore,3/7/1938,"New York, NY",United States of America,Male,Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT),"Cambridge, MA",United States of America,,,
1975,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1975,"""for their discoveries concerning the interaction between tumour viruses and the genetic material of the cell""",3-Jan,407,Individual,Renato Dulbecco,2/22/1914,Catanzaro,Italy,Male,Imperial Cancer Research Fund Laboratory,London,United Kingdom,2/19/2012,"La Jolla, CA",United States of America
1975,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1975,"""for their discoveries concerning the interaction between tumour viruses and the genetic material of the cell""",3-Jan,408,Individual,Howard Martin Temin,12/10/1934,"Philadelphia, PA",United States of America,Male,University of Wisconsin,"Madison, WI",United States of America,2/9/1994,"Madison, WI",United States of America
1975,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1975,,1-Jan,534,Individual,Andrei Dmitrievich Sakharov,5/21/1921,Moscow,Russia,Male,,,,12/14/1989,Moscow,Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (Russia)
1975,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1975,"""for the discovery of the connection between collective motion and particle motion in atomic nuclei and the development of the theory of the structure of the atomic nucleus based on this connection""",3-Jan,102,Individual,Aage Niels Bohr,6/19/1922,Copenhagen,Denmark,Male,Niels Bohr Institute,Copenhagen,Denmark,9/8/2009,Copenhagen,Denmark
1975,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1975,"""for the discovery of the connection between collective motion and particle motion in atomic nuclei and the development of the theory of the structure of the atomic nucleus based on this connection""",3-Jan,103,Individual,Ben Roy Mottelson,7/9/1926,"Chicago, IL",United States of America,Male,Nordita,Copenhagen,Denmark,,,
1975,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1975,"""for the discovery of the connection between collective motion and particle motion in atomic nuclei and the development of the theory of the structure of the atomic nucleus based on this connection""",3-Jan,104,Individual,Leo James Rainwater,12/9/1917,"Council, ID",United States of America,Male,Columbia University,"New York, NY",United States of America,3/31/1986,"Yonkers, NY",United States of America
1976,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1976,"""for his studies on the structure of boranes illuminating problems of chemical bonding""",1-Jan,249,Individual,William N. Lipscomb,12/9/1919,"Cleveland, OH",United States of America,Male,Harvard University,"Cambridge, MA",United States of America,4/14/2011,"Cambridge, MA",United States of America
1976,Economics,The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 1976,"""for his achievements in the fields of consumption analysis, monetary history and theory and for his demonstration of the complexity of stabilization policy""",1-Jan,688,Individual,Milton Friedman,7/31/1912,"Brooklyn, NY",United States of America,Male,University of Chicago,"Chicago, IL",United States of America,11/16/2006,"San Francisco, CA",United States of America
1976,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 1976,"""for the human understanding and subtle analysis of contemporary culture that are combined in his work""",1-Jan,652,Individual,Saul Bellow,6/10/1915,Montreal,Canada,Male,,,,4/5/2005,"Brookline, MA",United States of America
1976,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1976,"""for their discoveries concerning new mechanisms for the origin and dissemination of infectious diseases""",2-Jan,409,Individual,Baruch S. Blumberg,7/28/1925,"New York, NY",United States of America,Male,The Institute for Cancer Research,"Philadelphia, PA",United States of America,4/5/2011,"Moffett Field, CA",United States of America
1976,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1976,"""for their discoveries concerning new mechanisms for the origin and dissemination of infectious diseases""",2-Jan,410,Individual,D. Carleton Gajdusek,9/9/1923,"Yonkers, NY",United States of America,Male,National Institutes of Health,"Bethesda, MD",United States of America,12/12/2008,Tromsø,Norway
1976,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1976,,2-Jan,535,Individual,Betty Williams,5/22/1943,Belfast,Northern Ireland,Female,,,,,,
1976,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1976,,2-Jan,536,Individual,Mairead Corrigan,1/27/1944,Belfast,Northern Ireland,Female,,,,,,
1976,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1976,"""for their pioneering work in the discovery of a heavy elementary particle of a new kind""",2-Jan,105,Individual,Burton Richter,3/22/1931,"Brooklyn, NY",United States of America,Male,Stanford Linear Accelerator Center,"Stanford, CA",United States of America,,,
1976,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1976,"""for their pioneering work in the discovery of a heavy elementary particle of a new kind""",2-Jan,106,Individual,Samuel Chao Chung Ting,1/27/1936,"Ann Arbor, MI",United States of America,Male,Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT),"Cambridge, MA",United States of America,,,
1977,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1977,"""for his contributions to non-equilibrium thermodynamics, particularly the theory of dissipative structures""",1-Jan,250,Individual,Ilya Prigogine,1/25/1917,Moscow,Russia,Male,Université Libre de Bruxelles,Brussels,Belgium,5/28/2003,Brussels,Belgium
1977,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1977,"""for his contributions to non-equilibrium thermodynamics, particularly the theory of dissipative structures""",1-Jan,250,Individual,Ilya Prigogine,1/25/1917,Moscow,Russia,Male,University of Texas,"Austin, TX",United States of America,5/28/2003,Brussels,Belgium
1977,Economics,The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 1977,"""for their pathbreaking contribution to the theory of international trade and international capital movements""",2-Jan,689,Individual,Bertil Ohlin,1899-04-23,Klippan,Sweden,Male,Stockholm School of Economics,Stockholm,Sweden,8/3/1979,Vålådalen,Sweden
1977,Economics,The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 1977,"""for their pathbreaking contribution to the theory of international trade and international capital movements""",2-Jan,690,Individual,James E. Meade,6/23/1907,Swanage,United Kingdom,Male,University of Cambridge,Cambridge,United Kingdom,12/22/1995,Cambridge,United Kingdom
1977,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 1977,"""for a creative poetic writing which illuminates man's condition in the cosmos and in present-day society, at the same time representing the great renewal of the traditions of Spanish poetry between the wars""",1-Jan,653,Individual,Vicente Aleixandre,1898-04-26,Sevilla,Spain,Male,,,,12/14/1984,Madrid,Spain
1977,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1977,"""for their discoveries concerning the peptide hormone production of the brain""",4-Jan,411,Individual,Roger Guillemin,1/11/1924,Dijon,France,Male,The Salk Institute,"San Diego, CA",United States of America,,,
1977,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1977,"""for their discoveries concerning the peptide hormone production of the brain""",4-Jan,412,Individual,Andrew V. Schally,11/30/1926,Wilno (Vilnius),Poland (Lithuania),Male,Veterans Administration Hospital,"New Orleans, LA",United States of America,,,
1977,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1977,"""for the development of radioimmunoassays of peptide hormones""",2-Jan,413,Individual,Rosalyn Yalow,7/19/1921,"New York, NY",United States of America,Female,Veterans Administration Hospital,"Bronx, NY",United States of America,5/30/2011,"New York, NY",United States of America
1977,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1977,,1-Jan,537,Organization,Amnesty International,,,,,,,,,,
1977,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1977,"""for their fundamental theoretical investigations of the electronic structure of magnetic and disordered systems""",3-Jan,107,Individual,Philip Warren Anderson,12/13/1923,"Indianapolis, IN",United States of America,Male,Bell Telephone Laboratories,"Murray Hill, NJ",United States of America,,,
1977,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1977,"""for their fundamental theoretical investigations of the electronic structure of magnetic and disordered systems""",3-Jan,108,Individual,Sir Nevill Francis Mott,9/30/1905,Leeds,United Kingdom,Male,University of Cambridge,Cambridge,United Kingdom,8/8/1996,Milton Keynes,United Kingdom
1977,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1977,"""for their fundamental theoretical investigations of the electronic structure of magnetic and disordered systems""",3-Jan,109,Individual,John Hasbrouck van Vleck,1899-03-13,"Middletown, CT",United States of America,Male,Harvard University,"Cambridge, MA",United States of America,10/27/1980,"Cambridge, MA",United States of America
1978,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1978,"""for his contribution to the understanding of biological energy transfer through the formulation of the chemiosmotic theory""",1-Jan,251,Individual,Peter D. Mitchell,9/29/1920,Mitcham,United Kingdom,Male,Glynn Research Laboratories,Bodmin,United Kingdom,4/10/1992,Bodmin,United Kingdom
1978,Economics,The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 1978,"""for his pioneering research into the decision-making process within economic organizations""",1-Jan,691,Individual,Herbert A. Simon,6/15/1916,"Milwaukee, WI",United States of America,Male,Carnegie Mellon University,"Pittsburgh, PA",United States of America,2/9/2001,"Pittsburgh, PA",United States of America
1978,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 1978,"""for his impassioned narrative art which, with roots in a Polish-Jewish cultural tradition, brings universal human conditions to life""",1-Jan,654,Individual,Isaac Bashevis Singer,7/14/1904,Leoncin,Russian Empire (Poland),Male,,,,7/24/1991,"Surfside, FL",United States of America
1978,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1978,"""for the discovery of restriction enzymes and their application to problems of molecular genetics""",3-Jan,414,Individual,Werner Arber,6/3/1929,Gränichen,Switzerland,Male,Biozentrum der Universität,Basel,Switzerland,,,
1978,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1978,"""for the discovery of restriction enzymes and their application to problems of molecular genetics""",3-Jan,415,Individual,Daniel Nathans,10/30/1928,"Wilmington, DE",United States of America,Male,Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine,"Baltimore, MD",United States of America,11/16/1999,"Baltimore, MD",United States of America
1978,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1978,"""for the discovery of restriction enzymes and their application to problems of molecular genetics""",3-Jan,416,Individual,Hamilton O. Smith,8/23/1931,"New York, NY",United States of America,Male,Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine,"Baltimore, MD",United States of America,,,
1978,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1978,,2-Jan,538,Individual,Mohamed Anwar al-Sadat,12/25/1918,Mit Abu al-Kawm,Egypt,Male,,,,10/6/1981,Cairo,Egypt
1978,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1978,,2-Jan,539,Individual,Menachem Begin,8/16/1913,Brest Litovsk,Russian Empire (Belarus),Male,,,,3/9/1992,Tel Aviv,Israel
1978,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1978,"""for his basic inventions and discoveries in the area of low-temperature physics""",2-Jan,110,Individual,Pyotr Leonidovich Kapitsa,1894-07-09,Kronshtadt,Russian Empire (Russia),Male,Academy of Sciences,Moscow,Union of Soviet Socialist Republics,4/8/1984,Moscow,Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (Russia)
1978,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1978,"""for their discovery of cosmic microwave background radiation""",4-Jan,111,Individual,Arno Allan Penzias,4/26/1933,Munich,Germany,Male,Bell Laboratories,"Holmdel, NJ",United States of America,,,
1978,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1978,"""for their discovery of cosmic microwave background radiation""",4-Jan,112,Individual,Robert Woodrow Wilson,1/10/1936,"Houston, TX",United States of America,Male,Bell Laboratories,"Holmdel, NJ",United States of America,,,
1979,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1979,"""for their development of the use of boron- and phosphorus-containing compounds, respectively, into important reagents in organic synthesis""",2-Jan,252,Individual,Herbert C. Brown,5/22/1912,London,United Kingdom,Male,Purdue University,"West Lafayette, IN",United States of America,12/19/2004,"Lafayette, IN",United States of America
1979,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1979,"""for their development of the use of boron- and phosphorus-containing compounds, respectively, into important reagents in organic synthesis""",2-Jan,253,Individual,Georg Wittig,1897-06-16,Berlin,Germany,Male,University of Heidelberg,Heidelberg,Federal Republic of Germany,8/26/1987,Heidelberg,West Germany (Germany)
1979,Economics,The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 1979,"""for their pioneering research into economic development research with particular consideration of the problems of developing countries""",2-Jan,692,Individual,Theodore W. Schultz,4/30/1902,"Arlington, SD",United States of America,Male,University of Chicago,"Chicago, IL",United States of America,2/26/1998,"Evanston, IL",United States of America
1979,Economics,The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 1979,"""for their pioneering research into economic development research with particular consideration of the problems of developing countries""",2-Jan,693,Individual,Sir Arthur Lewis,1/23/1915,Castries,British West Indies (Saint Lucia),Male,Princeton University,"Princeton, NJ",United States of America,6/15/1991,Bridgetown,Barbados
1979,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 1979,"""for his poetry, which, against the background of Greek tradition, depicts with sensuous strength and intellectual clear-sightedness modern man's struggle for freedom and creativeness""",1-Jan,655,Individual,Odysseus Elytis,11/2/1911,Iráklion,Crete (Greece),Male,,,,3/18/1996,Athens,Greece
1979,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1979,"""for the development of computer assisted tomography""",2-Jan,417,Individual,Allan M. Cormack,2/23/1924,Johannesburg,South Africa,Male,Tufts University,"Medford, MA",United States of America,5/7/1998,"Winchester, MA",United States of America
1979,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1979,"""for the development of computer assisted tomography""",2-Jan,418,Individual,Godfrey N. Hounsfield,8/28/1919,Newark,United Kingdom,Male,"Central Research Laboratories, EMI",London,United Kingdom,8/12/2004,Kingston upon Thames,United Kingdom
1979,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1979,,1-Jan,540,Organization,Mother Teresa,8/26/1910,Uskup (Skopje),Ottoman Empire (Republic of Macedonia),Female,,,,9/5/1997,Calcutta,India
1979,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1979,"""for their contributions to the theory of the unified weak and electromagnetic interaction between elementary particles, including, inter alia, the prediction of the weak neutral current""",3-Jan,113,Individual,Sheldon Lee Glashow,12/5/1932,"New York, NY",United States of America,Male,"Harvard University, Lyman Laboratory","Cambridge, MA",United States of America,,,
1979,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1979,"""for their contributions to the theory of the unified weak and electromagnetic interaction between elementary particles, including, inter alia, the prediction of the weak neutral current""",3-Jan,114,Individual,Abdus Salam,1/29/1926,Jhang Maghi&#257;na,India (Pakistan),Male,International Centre for Theoretical Physics,Trieste,Italy,11/21/1996,Oxford,United Kingdom
1979,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1979,"""for their contributions to the theory of the unified weak and electromagnetic interaction between elementary particles, including, inter alia, the prediction of the weak neutral current""",3-Jan,114,Individual,Abdus Salam,1/29/1926,Jhang Maghi&#257;na,India (Pakistan),Male,Imperial College,London,United Kingdom,11/21/1996,Oxford,United Kingdom
1979,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1979,"""for their contributions to the theory of the unified weak and electromagnetic interaction between elementary particles, including, inter alia, the prediction of the weak neutral current""",3-Jan,115,Individual,Steven Weinberg,5/3/1933,"New York, NY",United States of America,Male,Harvard University,"Cambridge, MA",United States of America,,,
1980,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1980,"""for their contributions concerning the determination of base sequences in nucleic acids""",4-Jan,222,Individual,Frederick Sanger,8/13/1918,Rendcombe,United Kingdom,Male,MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology,Cambridge,United Kingdom,11/19/2013,Cambridge,United Kingdom
1980,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1980,"""for his fundamental studies of the biochemistry of nucleic acids, with particular regard to recombinant-DNA""",2-Jan,254,Individual,Paul Berg,6/30/1926,"New York, NY",United States of America,Male,Stanford University,"Stanford, CA",United States of America,,,
1980,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1980,"""for their contributions concerning the determination of base sequences in nucleic acids""",4-Jan,255,Individual,Walter Gilbert,3/21/1932,"Boston, MA",United States of America,Male,"Harvard University, Biological Laboratories","Cambridge, MA",United States of America,,,
1980,Economics,The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 1980,"""for the creation of econometric models and the application to the analysis of economic fluctuations and economic policies""",1-Jan,694,Individual,Lawrence R. Klein,9/14/1920,"Omaha, NE",United States of America,Male,University of Pennsylvania,"Philadelphia, PA",United States of America,10/20/2013,"Gladwyne, PA",United States of America
1980,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 1980,"""who with uncompromising clear-sightedness voices man's exposed condition in a world of severe conflicts""",1-Jan,657,Individual,Czeslaw Milosz,6/30/1911,&#346;eteniai,Russian Empire (Lithuania),Male,,,,8/14/2004,Kraków,Poland
1980,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1980,"""for their discoveries concerning genetically determined structures on the cell surface that regulate immunological reactions""",3-Jan,419,Individual,Baruj Benacerraf,10/29/1920,Caracas,Venezuela,Male,Harvard Medical School,"Boston, MA",United States of America,8/2/2011,"Boston, MA",United States of America
1980,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1980,"""for their discoveries concerning genetically determined structures on the cell surface that regulate immunological reactions""",3-Jan,420,Individual,Jean Dausset,10/19/1916,Toulouse,France,Male,"Université de Paris, Laboratoire Immuno-Hématologie",Paris,France,6/6/2009,"Palma, Majorca",Spain
1980,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1980,"""for their discoveries concerning genetically determined structures on the cell surface that regulate immunological reactions""",3-Jan,421,Individual,George D. Snell,12/19/1903,"Bradford, MA",United States of America,Male,Jackson Laboratory,"Bar Harbor, ME",United States of America,6/6/1996,"Bar Harbor, ME",United States of America
1980,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1980,,1-Jan,541,Individual,Adolfo Pérez Esquivel,11/26/1931,Buenos Aires,Argentina,Male,,,,,,
1980,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1980,"""for the discovery of violations of fundamental symmetry principles in the decay of neutral K-mesons""",2-Jan,116,Individual,James Watson Cronin,9/29/1931,"Chicago, IL",United States of America,Male,University of Chicago,"Chicago, IL",United States of America,8/25/2016,"St. Paul, MN",United States of America
1980,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1980,"""for the discovery of violations of fundamental symmetry principles in the decay of neutral K-mesons""",2-Jan,117,Individual,Val Logsdon Fitch,3/10/1923,"Merriman, NE",United States of America,Male,Princeton University,"Princeton, NJ",United States of America,2/5/2015,"Princeton, NJ",United States of America
1981,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1981,"""for their theories, developed independently, concerning the course of chemical reactions""",2-Jan,257,Individual,Kenichi Fukui,10/4/1918,Nara,Japan,Male,Kyoto University,Kyoto,Japan,1/9/1998,Kyoto,Japan
1981,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1981,"""for their theories, developed independently, concerning the course of chemical reactions""",2-Jan,258,Individual,Roald Hoffmann,7/18/1937,Zloczov,Poland (Ukraine),Male,Cornell University,"Ithaca, NY",United States of America,,,
1981,Economics,The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 1981,"""for his analysis of financial markets and their relations to expenditure decisions, employment, production and prices""",1-Jan,695,Individual,James Tobin,3/5/1918,"Champaign, IL",United States of America,Male,Yale University,"New Haven, CT",United States of America,3/11/2002,"New Haven, CT",United States of America
1981,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 1981,"""for writings marked by a broad outlook, a wealth of ideas and artistic power""",1-Jan,658,Individual,Elias Canetti,7/25/1905,Ruse,Bulgaria,Male,,,,8/14/1994,Zurich,Switzerland
1981,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1981,"""for his discoveries concerning the functional specialization of the cerebral hemispheres""",2-Jan,422,Individual,Roger W. Sperry,8/20/1913,"Hartford, CT",United States of America,Male,California Institute of Technology (Caltech),"Pasadena, CA",United States of America,4/17/1994,"Pasadena, CA",United States of America
1981,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1981,"""for their discoveries concerning information processing in the visual system""",4-Jan,423,Individual,David H. Hubel,2/27/1926,"Windsor, ON",Canada,Male,Harvard Medical School,"Boston, MA",United States of America,9/22/2013,"Lincoln, MA",United States of America
1981,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1981,"""for their discoveries concerning information processing in the visual system""",4-Jan,424,Individual,Torsten N. Wiesel,6/3/1924,Uppsala,Sweden,Male,Harvard Medical School,"Boston, MA",United States of America,,,
1981,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1981,,1-Jan,515,Organization,Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR),,,,,,,,,,
1981,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1981,"""for their contribution to the development of laser spectroscopy""",4-Jan,118,Individual,Nicolaas Bloembergen,3/11/1920,Dordrecht,Netherlands,Male,Harvard University,"Cambridge, MA",United States of America,,,
1981,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1981,"""for their contribution to the development of laser spectroscopy""",4-Jan,119,Individual,Arthur Leonard Schawlow,5/5/1921,"Mount Verno, NY",United States of America,Male,Stanford University,"Stanford, CA",United States of America,4/28/1999,"Palo Alto, CA",United States of America
1981,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1981,"""for his contribution to the development of high-resolution electron spectroscopy""",2-Jan,120,Individual,Kai M. Siegbahn,4/20/1918,Lund,Sweden,Male,Uppsala University,Uppsala,Sweden,7/20/2007,Ängelholm,Sweden
1982,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1982,"""for his development of crystallographic electron microscopy and his structural elucidation of biologically important nucleic acid-protein complexes""",1-Jan,259,Individual,Aaron Klug,8/11/1926,Zelvas,Lithuania,Male,MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology,Cambridge,United Kingdom,,,
1982,Economics,The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 1982,"""for his seminal studies of industrial structures, functioning of markets and causes and effects of public regulation""",1-Jan,696,Individual,George J. Stigler,1/17/1911,"Renton, WA",United States of America,Male,University of Chicago,"Chicago, IL",United States of America,12/1/1991,"Chicago, IL",United States of America
1982,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 1982,"""for his novels and short stories, in which the fantastic and the realistic are combined in a richly composed world of imagination, reflecting a continent's life and conflicts""",1-Jan,659,Individual,Gabriel García Márquez,3/6/1927,Aracataca,Colombia,Male,,,,4/17/2014,Mexico City,Mexico
1982,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1982,"""for their discoveries concerning prostaglandins and related biologically active substances""",3-Jan,425,Individual,Sune K. Bergström,1/10/1916,Stockholm,Sweden,Male,Karolinska Institutet,Stockholm,Sweden,8/15/2004,Stockholm,Sweden
1982,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1982,"""for their discoveries concerning prostaglandins and related biologically active substances""",3-Jan,426,Individual,Bengt I. Samuelsson,5/21/1934,Halmstad,Sweden,Male,Karolinska Institutet,Stockholm,Sweden,,,
1982,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1982,"""for their discoveries concerning prostaglandins and related biologically active substances""",3-Jan,427,Individual,John R. Vane,3/29/1927,Tardebigg,United Kingdom,Male,The Wellcome Research Laboratories,Beckenham,United Kingdom,11/19/2004,Farnborough,United Kingdom
1982,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1982,,2-Jan,543,Individual,Alva Myrdal,1/31/1902,Uppsala,Sweden,Female,,,,2/1/1986,Stockholm,Sweden
1982,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1982,,2-Jan,544,Individual,Alfonso García Robles,3/20/1911,Zamora,Mexico,Male,,,,9/2/1991,Mexico City,Mexico
1982,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1982,"""for his theory for critical phenomena in connection with phase transitions""",1-Jan,121,Individual,Kenneth G. Wilson,6/8/1936,"Waltham, MA",United States of America,Male,Cornell University,"Ithaca, NY",United States of America,6/15/2013,"Saco, ME",United States of America
1983,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1983,"""for his work on the mechanisms of electron transfer reactions, especially in metal complexes""",1-Jan,260,Individual,Henry Taube,11/30/1915,Neudorf,Canada,Male,Stanford University,"Stanford, CA",United States of America,11/16/2005,"Stanford, CA",United States of America
1983,Economics,The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 1983,"""for having incorporated new analytical methods into economic theory and for his rigorous reformulation of the theory of general equilibrium""",1-Jan,697,Individual,Gerard Debreu,7/4/1921,Calais,France,Male,University of California,"Berkeley, CA",United States of America,12/31/2004,Paris,France
1983,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 1983,"""for his novels which, with the perspicuity of realistic narrative art and the diversity and universality of myth, illuminate the human condition in the world of today""",1-Jan,660,Individual,William Golding,9/19/1911,St. Columb Minor,United Kingdom,Male,,,,6/19/1993,Perranarworthal,United Kingdom
1983,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1983,"""for her discovery of mobile genetic elements""",1-Jan,428,Individual,Barbara McClintock,6/16/1902,"Hartford, CT",United States of America,Female,Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory,"Cold Spring Harbor, NY",United States of America,9/2/1992,"Huntington, NY",United States of America
1983,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1983,,1-Jan,545,Individual,Lech Walesa,9/29/1943,Popowo,Poland,Male,,,,,,
1983,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1983,"""for his theoretical studies of the physical processes of importance to the structure and evolution of the stars""",2-Jan,122,Individual,Subramanyan Chandrasekhar,10/19/1910,Lahore,India (Pakistan),Male,University of Chicago,"Chicago, IL",United States of America,8/21/1995,"Chicago, IL",United States of America
1983,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1983,"""for his theoretical and experimental studies of the nuclear reactions of importance in the formation of the chemical elements in the universe""",2-Jan,123,Individual,William Alfred Fowler,8/9/1911,"Pittsburgh, PA",United States of America,Male,California Institute of Technology (Caltech),"Pasadena, CA",United States of America,3/14/1995,"Pasadena, CA",United States of America
1984,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1984,"""for his development of methodology for chemical synthesis on a solid matrix""",1-Jan,261,Individual,Robert Bruce Merrifield,7/15/1921,"Fort Worth, TX",United States of America,Male,Rockefeller University,"New York, NY",United States of America,5/14/2006,"Cresskill, NJ",United States of America
1984,Economics,The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 1984,"""for having made fundamental contributions to the development of systems of national accounts and hence greatly improved the basis for empirical economic analysis""",1-Jan,698,Individual,Richard Stone,8/30/1913,London,United Kingdom,Male,University of Cambridge,Cambridge,United Kingdom,12/6/1991,Cambridge,United Kingdom
1984,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 1984,"""for his poetry which endowed with freshness, sensuality and rich inventiveness provides a liberating image of the indomitable spirit and versatility of man""",1-Jan,661,Individual,Jaroslav Seifert,9/23/1901,Prague,Austria-Hungary (Czech Republic),Male,,,,1/10/1986,Prague,Czechoslovakia
1984,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1984,"""for theories concerning the specificity in development and control of the immune system and the discovery of the principle for production of monoclonal antibodies""",3-Jan,429,Individual,Niels K. Jerne,12/23/1911,London,United Kingdom,Male,Basel Institute for Immunology,Basel,Switzerland,10/7/1994,Castillon-du-Gard,France
1984,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1984,"""for theories concerning the specificity in development and control of the immune system and the discovery of the principle for production of monoclonal antibodies""",3-Jan,430,Individual,Georges J.F. Köhler,4/17/1946,Munich,Germany,Male,Basel Institute for Immunology,Basel,Switzerland,3/1/1995,Freiburg im Breisgau,Germany
1984,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1984,"""for theories concerning the specificity in development and control of the immune system and the discovery of the principle for production of monoclonal antibodies""",3-Jan,431,Individual,César Milstein,10/8/1927,Bahia Blanca,Argentina,Male,MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology,Cambridge,United Kingdom,3/24/2002,Cambridge,United Kingdom
1984,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1984,,1-Jan,546,Individual,Desmond Mpilo Tutu,10/7/1931,Klerksdorp,South Africa,Male,,,,,,
1984,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1984,"""for their decisive contributions to the large project, which led to the discovery of the field particles W and Z, communicators of weak interaction""",2-Jan,124,Individual,Carlo Rubbia,3/31/1934,Gorizia,Italy,Male,CERN,Geneva,Switzerland,,Geneva,Switzerland
1984,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1984,"""for their decisive contributions to the large project, which led to the discovery of the field particles W and Z, communicators of weak interaction""",2-Jan,125,Individual,Simon van der Meer,11/24/1925,the Hague,Netherlands,Male,CERN,Geneva,Switzerland,3/4/2011,Geneva,Switzerland
1985,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1985,"""for their outstanding achievements in the development of direct methods for the determination of crystal structures""",2-Jan,262,Individual,Herbert A. Hauptman,2/14/1917,"New York, NY",United States of America,Male,The Medical Foundation of Buffalo,"Buffalo, NY",United States of America,10/23/2011,"Buffalo, NY",United States of America
1985,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1985,"""for their outstanding achievements in the development of direct methods for the determination of crystal structures""",2-Jan,263,Individual,Jerome Karle,6/18/1918,"New York, NY",United States of America,Male,US Naval Research Laboratory,"Washington, DC",United States of America,6/6/2013,,
1985,Economics,The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 1985,"""for his pioneering analyses of saving and of financial markets""",1-Jan,699,Individual,Franco Modigliani,6/18/1918,Rome,Italy,Male,Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT),"Cambridge, MA",United States of America,9/25/2003,"Cambridge, MA",United States of America
1985,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 1985,"""who in his novel combines the poet's and the painter's creativeness with a deepened awareness of time in the depiction of the human condition""",1-Jan,662,Individual,Claude Simon,10/10/1913,Tananarive (Antananarivo),Madagascar,Male,,,,7/6/2005,Paris,France
1985,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1985,"""for their discoveries concerning the regulation of cholesterol metabolism""",2-Jan,432,Individual,Michael S. Brown,4/13/1941,"New York, NY",United States of America,Male,University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas,"Dallas, TX",United States of America,,,
1985,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1985,"""for their discoveries concerning the regulation of cholesterol metabolism""",2-Jan,433,Individual,Joseph L. Goldstein,4/18/1940,"Sumter, SC",United States of America,Male,University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas,"Dallas, TX",United States of America,,,
1985,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1985,,1-Jan,547,Organization,International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War,,,,,,,,,,
1985,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1985,"""for the discovery of the quantized Hall effect""",1-Jan,126,Individual,Klaus von Klitzing,6/28/1943,Schroda,German-occupied Poland (Poland),Male,Max-Planck-Institut für Festkörperforschung,Stuttgart,Federal Republic of Germany,,,
1986,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1986,"""for their contributions concerning the dynamics of chemical elementary processes""",3-Jan,264,Individual,Dudley R. Herschbach,6/18/1932,"San José, CA",United States of America,Male,Harvard University,"Cambridge, MA",United States of America,,,
1986,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1986,"""for their contributions concerning the dynamics of chemical elementary processes""",3-Jan,265,Individual,Yuan T. Lee,11/19/1936,Hsinchu,Taiwan,Male,University of California,"Berkeley, CA",United States of America,,,
1986,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1986,"""for their contributions concerning the dynamics of chemical elementary processes""",3-Jan,266,Individual,John C. Polanyi,1/23/1929,Berlin,Germany,Male,University of Toronto,Toronto,Canada,,,
1986,Economics,The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 1986,"""for his development of the contractual and constitutional bases for the theory of economic and political decision-making""",1-Jan,700,Individual,James M. Buchanan Jr.,10/3/1919,"Murfreesboro, TN",United States of America,Male,Center for Study of Public Choice,"Fairfax, VA",United States of America,1/9/2013,"Blacksburg, VA",United States of America
1986,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 1986,"""who in a wide cultural perspective and with poetic overtones fashions the drama of existence""",1-Jan,663,Individual,Wole Soyinka,7/13/1934,Abeokuta,Nigeria,Male,,,,,,
1986,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1986,"""for their discoveries of growth factors""",2-Jan,434,Individual,Stanley Cohen,11/17/1922,"Brooklyn, NY",United States of America,Male,Vanderbilt University School of Medicine,"Nashville, TN",United States of America,,,
1986,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1986,"""for their discoveries of growth factors""",2-Jan,435,Individual,Rita Levi-Montalcini,4/22/1909,Turin,Italy,Female,Institute of Cell Biology of the C.N.R.,Rome,Italy,12/30/2012,Rome,Italy
1986,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1986,,1-Jan,548,Individual,Elie Wiesel,9/30/1928,Sighet,Romania,Male,,,,7/2/2016,"New York, NY",United States of America
1986,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1986,"""for his fundamental work in electron optics, and for the design of the first electron microscope""",2-Jan,127,Individual,Ernst Ruska,12/25/1906,Heidelberg,Germany,Male,Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft,Berlin,Federal Republic of Germany,5/27/1988,West Berlin,Germany
1986,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1986,"""for their design of the scanning tunneling microscope""",4-Jan,128,Individual,Gerd Binnig,7/20/1947,Frankfurt-on-the-Main,West Germany (Germany),Male,IBM Zurich Research Laboratory,Rüschlikon,Switzerland,,,
1986,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1986,"""for their design of the scanning tunneling microscope""",4-Jan,129,Individual,Heinrich Rohrer,6/6/1933,Buchs,Switzerland,Male,IBM Zurich Research Laboratory,Rüschlikon,Switzerland,5/16/2013,Wollerau,Switzerland
1987,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1987,"""for their development and use of molecules with structure-specific interactions of high selectivity""",3-Jan,267,Individual,Donald J. Cram,4/22/1919,"Chester, VT",United States of America,Male,University of California,"Los Angeles, CA",United States of America,6/17/2001,"Palm Desert, CA",United States of America
1987,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1987,"""for their development and use of molecules with structure-specific interactions of high selectivity""",3-Jan,268,Individual,Jean-Marie Lehn,9/30/1939,Rosheim,France,Male,Université Louis Pasteur,Strasbourg,France,,,
1987,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1987,"""for their development and use of molecules with structure-specific interactions of high selectivity""",3-Jan,268,Individual,Jean-Marie Lehn,9/30/1939,Rosheim,France,Male,Collège de France,Paris,France,,,
1987,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1987,"""for their development and use of molecules with structure-specific interactions of high selectivity""",3-Jan,269,Individual,Charles J. Pedersen,10/3/1904,Pusan,Korea (South Korea),Male,Du Pont,"Wilmington, DE",United States of America,10/26/1989,"Salem, NJ",United States of America
1987,Economics,The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 1987,"""for his contributions to the theory of economic growth""",1-Jan,701,Individual,Robert M. Solow,8/23/1924,"Brooklyn, NY",United States of America,Male,Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT),"Cambridge, MA",United States of America,,,
1987,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 1987,"""for an all-embracing authorship, imbued with clarity of thought and poetic intensity""",1-Jan,664,Individual,Joseph Brodsky,5/24/1940,Leningrad (Saint Petersburg),Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (Russia),Male,,,,1/28/1996,"New York, NY",United States of America
1987,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1987,"""for his discovery of the genetic principle for generation of antibody diversity""",1-Jan,436,Individual,Susumu Tonegawa,9/6/1939,Nagoya,Japan,Male,Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT),"Cambridge, MA",United States of America,,,
1987,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1987,"""for his work for peace in Central America, efforts which led to the accord signed in Guatemala on August 7 this year""",1-Jan,549,Individual,Oscar Arias Sánchez,9/13/1941,Heredia,Costa Rica,Male,,,,,,
1987,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1987,"""for their important break-through in the discovery of superconductivity in ceramic materials""",2-Jan,130,Individual,J. Georg Bednorz,5/16/1950,Neuenkirchen,West Germany (Germany),Male,IBM Zurich Research Laboratory,Rüschlikon,Switzerland,,,
1987,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1987,"""for their important break-through in the discovery of superconductivity in ceramic materials""",2-Jan,131,Individual,K. Alexander Müller,4/20/1927,Basel,Switzerland,Male,IBM Zurich Research Laboratory,Rüschlikon,Switzerland,,,
1988,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1988,"""for the determination of the three-dimensional structure of a photosynthetic reaction centre""",3-Jan,270,Individual,Johann Deisenhofer,9/30/1943,Zusamaltheim,Germany,Male,University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas,"Dallas, TX",United States of America,,,
1988,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1988,"""for the determination of the three-dimensional structure of a photosynthetic reaction centre""",3-Jan,270,Individual,Johann Deisenhofer,9/30/1943,Zusamaltheim,Germany,Male,Howard Hughes Medical Institute,,,,,
1988,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1988,"""for the determination of the three-dimensional structure of a photosynthetic reaction centre""",3-Jan,271,Individual,Robert Huber,2/20/1937,Munich,Germany,Male,Max-Planck-Institut für Biochemie,Martinsried,Federal Republic of Germany,,,
1988,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1988,"""for the determination of the three-dimensional structure of a photosynthetic reaction centre""",3-Jan,272,Individual,Hartmut Michel,7/18/1948,Ludwigsburg,West Germany (Germany),Male,Max-Planck-Institut für Biophysik,Frankfurt-on-the-Main,Federal Republic of Germany,,,
1988,Economics,The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 1988,"""for his pioneering contributions to the theory of markets and efficient utilization of resources""",1-Jan,702,Individual,Maurice Allais,5/31/1911,Paris,France,Male,École Nationale Supérieur des Mines de Paris,Paris,France,10/9/2010,Paris,France
1988,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 1988,"""who, through works rich in nuance - now clear-sightedly realistic, now evocatively ambiguous - has formed an Arabian narrative art that applies to all mankind""",1-Jan,665,Individual,Naguib Mahfouz,12/11/1911,Cairo,Egypt,Male,,,,8/30/2006,Cairo,Egypt
1988,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1988,"""for their discoveries of important principles for drug treatment""",3-Jan,437,Individual,Sir James W. Black,6/14/1924,Uddingston,Scotland,Male,"London University, King's College Hospital Medical School",London,United Kingdom,3/21/2010,,
1988,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1988,"""for their discoveries of important principles for drug treatment""",3-Jan,438,Individual,Gertrude B. Elion,1/23/1918,"New York, NY",United States of America,Female,Wellcome Research Laboratories,"Research Triangle Park, NC",United States of America,2/21/1999,"Chapel Hill, NC",United States of America
1988,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1988,"""for their discoveries of important principles for drug treatment""",3-Jan,439,Individual,George H. Hitchings,4/18/1905,"Hoquiam, WA",United States of America,Male,Wellcome Research Laboratories,"Research Triangle Park, NC",United States of America,2/27/1998,"Chapel Hill, NC",United States of America
1988,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1988,,1-Jan,550,Organization,United Nations Peacekeeping Forces,,,,,,,,,,
1988,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1988,"""for the neutrino beam method and the demonstration of the doublet structure of the leptons through the discovery of the muon neutrino""",3-Jan,132,Individual,Leon M. Lederman,7/15/1922,"New York, NY",United States of America,Male,Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory,"Batavia, IL",United States of America,,,
1988,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1988,"""for the neutrino beam method and the demonstration of the doublet structure of the leptons through the discovery of the muon neutrino""",3-Jan,133,Individual,Melvin Schwartz,11/2/1932,"New York, NY",United States of America,Male,"Digital Pathways, Inc.","Mountain View, CA",United States of America,8/28/2006,"Twin Falls, ID",United States of America
1988,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1988,"""for the neutrino beam method and the demonstration of the doublet structure of the leptons through the discovery of the muon neutrino""",3-Jan,134,Individual,Jack Steinberger,5/25/1921,Bad Kissingen,Germany,Male,CERN,Geneva,Switzerland,,,
1989,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1989,"""for their discovery of catalytic properties of RNA""",2-Jan,273,Individual,Sidney Altman,5/7/1939,Montreal,Canada,Male,Yale University,"New Haven, CT",United States of America,,,
1989,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1989,"""for their discovery of catalytic properties of RNA""",2-Jan,274,Individual,Thomas R. Cech,12/8/1947,"Chicago, IL",United States of America,Male,University of Colorado,"Boulder, CO",United States of America,,,
1989,Economics,The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 1989,"""for his clarification of the probability theory foundations of econometrics and his analyses of simultaneous economic structures""",1-Jan,703,Individual,Trygve Haavelmo,12/13/1911,Skedsmo,Norway,Male,University of Oslo,Oslo,Norway,7/26/1999,Oslo,Norway
1989,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 1989,"""for a rich and intensive prose, which with restrained compassion forms a challenging vision of man's vulnerability""",1-Jan,666,Individual,Camilo José Cela,5/11/1916,Iria Flavia,Spain,Male,,,,1/17/2002,Madrid,Spain
1989,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1989,"""for their discovery of the cellular origin of retroviral oncogenes""",2-Jan,440,Individual,J. Michael Bishop,2/22/1936,"York, PA",United States of America,Male,University of California School of Medicine,"San Francisco, CA",United States of America,,,
1989,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1989,"""for their discovery of the cellular origin of retroviral oncogenes""",2-Jan,441,Individual,Harold E. Varmus,12/18/1939,"Oceanside, NY",United States of America,Male,University of California School of Medicine,"San Francisco, CA",United States of America,,,
1989,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1989,,1-Jan,551,Organization,The 14th Dalai Lama (Tenzin Gyatso),7/6/1935,Taktser,Tibet (People's Republic of China),Male,,,,,,
1989,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1989,"""for the invention of the separated oscillatory fields method and its use in the hydrogen maser and other atomic clocks""",2-Jan,135,Individual,Norman F. Ramsey,8/27/1915,"Washington, DC",United States of America,Male,Harvard University,"Cambridge, MA",United States of America,11/4/2011,"Wayland, MA",United States of America
1989,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1989,"""for the development of the ion trap technique""",4-Jan,136,Individual,Hans G. Dehmelt,9/9/1922,Görlitz,Prussia (Germany),Male,University of Washington,"Seattle, WA",United States of America,,,
1989,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1989,"""for the development of the ion trap technique""",4-Jan,137,Individual,Wolfgang Paul,8/10/1913,Lorenzkirch,Germany,Male,University of Bonn,Bonn,Federal Republic of Germany,12/7/1993,Bonn,Germany
1990,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1990,"""for his development of the theory and methodology of organic synthesis""",1-Jan,275,Individual,Elias James Corey,7/12/1928,"Methuen, MA",United States of America,Male,Harvard University,"Cambridge, MA",United States of America,,,
1990,Economics,The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 1990,"""for their pioneering work in the theory of financial economics""",3-Jan,704,Individual,Harry M. Markowitz,8/24/1927,"Chicago, IL",United States of America,Male,City University of New York,"New York, NY",United States of America,,,
1990,Economics,The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 1990,"""for their pioneering work in the theory of financial economics""",3-Jan,705,Individual,Merton H. Miller,5/16/1923,"Boston, MA",United States of America,Male,University of Chicago,"Chicago, IL",United States of America,6/3/2000,"Chicago, IL",United States of America
1990,Economics,The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 1990,"""for their pioneering work in the theory of financial economics""",3-Jan,706,Individual,William F. Sharpe,6/16/1934,"Boston, MA",United States of America,Male,Stanford University,"Stanford, CA",United States of America,,,
1990,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 1990,"""for impassioned writing with wide horizons, characterized by sensuous intelligence and humanistic integrity""",1-Jan,667,Individual,Octavio Paz,3/31/1914,Mexico City,Mexico,Male,,,,4/19/1998,Mexico City,Mexico
1990,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1990,"""for their discoveries concerning organ and cell transplantation in the treatment of human disease""",2-Jan,442,Individual,Joseph E. Murray,4/1/1919,"Milford, MA",United States of America,Male,Brigham and Women's Hospital,"Boston, MA",United States of America,11/26/2012,"Boston, MA",United States of America
1990,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1990,"""for their discoveries concerning organ and cell transplantation in the treatment of human disease""",2-Jan,443,Individual,E. Donnall Thomas,3/15/1920,"Mart, TX",United States of America,Male,Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center,"Seattle, WA",United States of America,10/20/2012,"Seattle, WA",United States of America
1990,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1990,"""for his leading role in the peace process which today characterizes important parts of the international community""",1-Jan,552,Individual,Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev,3/2/1931,Privolnoye,Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (Russia),Male,,,,,,
1990,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1990,"""for their pioneering investigations concerning deep inelastic scattering of electrons on protons and bound neutrons, which have been of essential importance for the development of the quark model in particle physics""",3-Jan,138,Individual,Jerome I. Friedman,3/28/1930,"Chicago, IL",United States of America,Male,Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT),"Cambridge, MA",United States of America,,,
1990,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1990,"""for their pioneering investigations concerning deep inelastic scattering of electrons on protons and bound neutrons, which have been of essential importance for the development of the quark model in particle physics""",3-Jan,139,Individual,Henry W. Kendall,12/9/1926,"Boston, MA",United States of America,Male,Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT),"Cambridge, MA",United States of America,2/15/1999,"Wakulla Springs State Park, FL",United States of America
1990,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1990,"""for their pioneering investigations concerning deep inelastic scattering of electrons on protons and bound neutrons, which have been of essential importance for the development of the quark model in particle physics""",3-Jan,140,Individual,Richard E. Taylor,11/2/1929,"Medicine Hat, Alberta",Canada,Male,Stanford University,"Stanford, CA",United States of America,,,
1991,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1991,"""for his contributions to the development of the methodology of high resolution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy""",1-Jan,276,Individual,Richard R. Ernst,8/14/1933,Winterthur,Switzerland,Male,Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology),Zurich,Switzerland,,,
1991,Economics,The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 1991,"""for his discovery and clarification of the significance of transaction costs and property rights for the institutional structure and functioning of the economy""",1-Jan,707,Individual,Ronald H. Coase,12/29/1910,Willesden,United Kingdom,Male,University of Chicago,"Chicago, IL",United States of America,9/2/2013,"Chicago, IL",United States of America
1991,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 1991,"""who through her magnificent epic writing has - in the words of Alfred Nobel - been of very great benefit to humanity""",1-Jan,668,Individual,Nadine Gordimer,11/20/1923,Springs,South Africa,Female,,,,7/13/2014,Johannesburg,South Africa
1991,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1991,"""for their discoveries concerning the function of single ion channels in cells""",2-Jan,444,Individual,Erwin Neher,3/20/1944,Landsberg,Germany,Male,Max-Planck-Institut für Biophysikalische Chemie,Göttingen,Federal Republic of Germany,,,
1991,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1991,"""for their discoveries concerning the function of single ion channels in cells""",2-Jan,445,Individual,Bert Sakmann,6/12/1942,Stuttgart,Germany,Male,Max-Planck-Institut für medizinische Forschung,Heidelberg,Federal Republic of Germany,,,
1991,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1991,"""for her non-violent struggle for democracy and human rights""",1-Jan,553,Organization,Aung San Suu Kyi,6/19/1945,Rangoon (Yangon),Burma (Myanmar),Female,,,,,,
1991,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1991,"""for discovering that methods developed for studying order phenomena in simple systems can be generalized to more complex forms of matter, in particular to liquid crystals and polymers""",1-Jan,141,Individual,Pierre-Gilles de Gennes,10/24/1932,Paris,France,Male,Collège de France,Paris,France,5/18/2007,Orsay,France
1992,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1992,"""for his contributions to the theory of electron transfer reactions in chemical systems""",1-Jan,277,Individual,Rudolph A. Marcus,7/21/1923,Montreal,Canada,Male,California Institute of Technology (Caltech),"Pasadena, CA",United States of America,,,
1992,Economics,The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 1992,"""for having extended the domain of microeconomic analysis to a wide range of human behaviour and interaction, including nonmarket behaviour""",1-Jan,708,Individual,Gary S. Becker,12/2/1930,"Pottsville, PA",United States of America,Male,University of Chicago,"Chicago, IL",United States of America,5/3/2014,"Chicago, IL",United States of America
1992,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 1992,"""for a poetic oeuvre of great luminosity, sustained by a historical vision, the outcome of a multicultural commitment""",1-Jan,669,Individual,Derek Walcott,1/23/1930,Castries,Saint Lucia,Male,,,,,,
1992,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1992,"""for their discoveries concerning reversible protein phosphorylation as a biological regulatory mechanism""",2-Jan,446,Individual,Edmond H. Fischer,4/6/1920,Shanghai,China,Male,University of Washington,"Seattle, WA",United States of America,,,
1992,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1992,"""for their discoveries concerning reversible protein phosphorylation as a biological regulatory mechanism""",2-Jan,447,Individual,Edwin G. Krebs,6/6/1918,"Lansing, IA",United States of America,Male,University of Washington,"Seattle, WA",United States of America,12/21/2009,"Seattle, WA",United States of America
1992,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1992,"""in recognition of her work for social justice and ethno-cultural reconciliation based on respect for the rights of indigenous peoples""",1-Jan,554,Individual,Rigoberta Menchú Tum,1/9/1959,Aldea Chimel,Guatemala,Female,,,,,,
1992,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1992,"""for his invention and development of particle detectors, in particular the multiwire proportional chamber""",1-Jan,142,Individual,Georges Charpak,8/1/1924,Dabrovica,Poland,Male,École Supérieure de Physique et Chimie,Paris,France,9/29/2010,Paris,France
1992,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1992,"""for his invention and development of particle detectors, in particular the multiwire proportional chamber""",1-Jan,142,Individual,Georges Charpak,8/1/1924,Dabrovica,Poland,Male,CERN,Geneva,Switzerland,9/29/2010,Paris,France
1993,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1993,"""for contributions to the developments of methods within DNA-based chemistry; for his invention of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method""",2-Jan,278,Individual,Kary B. Mullis,12/28/1944,"Lenoir, NC",United States of America,Male,,"La Jolla, CA",United States of America,,,
1993,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1993,"""for contributions to the developments of methods within DNA-based chemistry; for his fundamental contributions to the establishment of oligonucleotide-based, site-directed mutagenesis and its development for protein studies""",2-Jan,279,Individual,Michael Smith,4/26/1932,Blackpool,United Kingdom,Male,University of British Columbia,Vancouver,Canada,10/4/2000,Vancouver,Canada
1993,Economics,The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 1993,"""for having renewed research in economic history by applying economic theory and quantitative methods in order to explain economic and institutional change""",2-Jan,709,Individual,Robert W. Fogel,7/1/1927,"New York, NY",United States of America,Male,University of Chicago,"Chicago, IL",United States of America,6/11/2013,"Oak Lawn, IL",United States of America
1993,Economics,The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 1993,"""for having renewed research in economic history by applying economic theory and quantitative methods in order to explain economic and institutional change""",2-Jan,710,Individual,Douglass C. North,11/5/1920,"Cambridge, MA",United States of America,Male,Washington University,"St. Louis, MO",United States of America,11/23/2015,"Benzonia, MI",United States of America
1993,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 1993,"""who in novels characterized by visionary force and poetic import, gives life to an essential aspect of American reality""",1-Jan,670,Individual,Toni Morrison,2/18/1931,"Lorain, OH",United States of America,Female,,,,,,
1993,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1993,"""for their discoveries of split genes""",2-Jan,448,Individual,Richard J. Roberts,9/6/1943,Derby,United Kingdom,Male,New England Biolabs,"Beverly, MA",United States of America,,,
1993,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1993,"""for their discoveries of split genes""",2-Jan,449,Individual,Phillip A. Sharp,6/6/1944,"Falmouth, KY",United States of America,Male,"Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Center for Cancer Research","Cambridge, MA",United States of America,,,
1993,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1993,"""for their work for the peaceful termination of the apartheid regime, and for laying the foundations for a new democratic South Africa""",2-Jan,555,Individual,Nelson Mandela,7/18/1918,Qunu,South Africa,Male,,,,12/5/2013,Johannesburg,South Africa
1993,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1993,"""for their work for the peaceful termination of the apartheid regime, and for laying the foundations for a new democratic South Africa""",2-Jan,556,Individual,Frederik Willem de Klerk,3/18/1936,Johannesburg,South Africa,Male,,,,,,
1993,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1993,"""for the discovery of a new type of pulsar, a discovery that has opened up new possibilities for the study of gravitation""",2-Jan,143,Individual,Russell A. Hulse,11/28/1950,"New York, NY",United States of America,Male,Princeton University,"Princeton, NJ",United States of America,,,
1993,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1993,"""for the discovery of a new type of pulsar, a discovery that has opened up new possibilities for the study of gravitation""",2-Jan,144,Individual,Joseph H. Taylor Jr.,3/29/1941,"Philadelphia, PA",United States of America,Male,Princeton University,"Princeton, NJ",United States of America,,,
1994,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1994,"""for his contribution to carbocation chemistry""",1-Jan,280,Individual,George A. Olah,5/22/1927,Budapest,Hungary,Male,University of Southern California,"Los Angeles, CA",United States of America,,,
1994,Economics,The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 1994,"""for their pioneering analysis of equilibria in the theory of non-cooperative games""",3-Jan,711,Individual,John C. Harsanyi,5/29/1920,Budapest,Hungary,Male,University of California,"Berkeley, CA",United States of America,8/9/2000,"Berkeley, CA",United States of America
1994,Economics,The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 1994,"""for their pioneering analysis of equilibria in the theory of non-cooperative games""",3-Jan,712,Individual,John F. Nash Jr.,6/13/1928,"Bluefield, WV",United States of America,Male,Princeton University,"Princeton, NJ",United States of America,5/23/2015,"New Jersey, NJ",United States of America
1994,Economics,The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 1994,"""for their pioneering analysis of equilibria in the theory of non-cooperative games""",3-Jan,713,Individual,Reinhard Selten,10/5/1930,Breslau (Wroclaw),Germany (Poland),Male,Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität,Bonn,Federal Republic of Germany,8/23/2016,Poznan,Poland
1994,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 1994,"""who with poetic force creates an imagined world, where life and myth condense to form a disconcerting picture of the human predicament today""",1-Jan,671,Individual,Kenzaburo Oe,1/31/1935,Uchiko,Japan,Male,,,,,,
1994,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1994,"""for their discovery of G-proteins and the role of these proteins in signal transduction in cells""",2-Jan,450,Individual,Alfred G. Gilman,7/1/1941,"New Haven, CT",United States of America,Male,University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas,"Dallas, TX",United States of America,12/23/2015,"Dallas, TX",United States of America
1994,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1994,"""for their discovery of G-proteins and the role of these proteins in signal transduction in cells""",2-Jan,451,Individual,Martin Rodbell,12/1/1925,"Baltimore, MD",United States of America,Male,National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences,"Research Triangle Park, NC",United States of America,12/7/1998,"Chapel Hill, NC",United States of America
1994,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1994,"""for their efforts to create peace in the Middle East""",3-Jan,557,Individual,Yasser Arafat,8/24/1929,Cairo,Egypt,Male,,,,11/11/2004,,
1994,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1994,"""for their efforts to create peace in the Middle East""",3-Jan,558,Individual,Shimon Peres,8/16/1923,Vishneva,Poland (Belarus),Male,,,,9/28/2016,Tel Aviv,Israel
1994,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1994,"""for their efforts to create peace in the Middle East""",3-Jan,559,Individual,Yitzhak Rabin,3/1/1922,Jerusalem,British Mandate of Palestine (Israel),Male,,,,11/4/1995,Tel Aviv,Israel
1994,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1994,"""for pioneering contributions to the development of neutron scattering techniques for studies of condensed matter; for the development of neutron spectroscopy""",2-Jan,145,Individual,Bertram N. Brockhouse,7/15/1918,"Lethbridge, Alberta",Canada,Male,McMaster University,"Hamilton, Ontario",Canada,10/13/2003,"Hamilton, Ontario",Canada
1994,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1994,"""for pioneering contributions to the development of neutron scattering techniques for studies of condensed matter; for the development of the neutron diffraction technique""",2-Jan,146,Individual,Clifford G. Shull,9/23/1915,"Pittsburgh, PA",United States of America,Male,Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT),"Cambridge, MA",United States of America,3/31/2001,"Medford, MA",United States of America
1995,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1995,"""for their work in atmospheric chemistry, particularly concerning the formation and decomposition of ozone""",3-Jan,281,Individual,Paul J. Crutzen,12/3/1933,Amsterdam,Netherlands,Male,Max-Planck-Institut für Chemie,Mainz,Federal Republic of Germany,,,
1995,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1995,"""for their work in atmospheric chemistry, particularly concerning the formation and decomposition of ozone""",3-Jan,282,Individual,Mario J. Molina,3/19/1943,Mexico City,Mexico,Male,Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT),"Cambridge, MA",United States of America,,,
1995,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1995,"""for their work in atmospheric chemistry, particularly concerning the formation and decomposition of ozone""",3-Jan,283,Individual,F. Sherwood Rowland,6/28/1927,"Delaware, OH",United States of America,Male,University of California,"Irvine, CA",United States of America,3/10/2012,"Corona del Mar, CA",United States of America
1995,Economics,The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 1995,"""for having developed and applied the hypothesis of rational expectations, and thereby having transformed macroeconomic analysis and deepened our understanding of economic policy""",1-Jan,714,Individual,Robert E. Lucas Jr.,9/15/1937,"Yakima, WA",United States of America,Male,University of Chicago,"Chicago, IL",United States of America,,,
1995,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 1995,"""for works of lyrical beauty and ethical depth, which exalt everyday miracles and the living past""",1-Jan,672,Individual,Seamus Heaney,4/13/1939,Casteldàwson,Northern Ireland,Male,,,,8/30/2013,Dublin,Ireland
1995,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1995,"""for their discoveries concerning the genetic control of early embryonic development""",3-Jan,452,Individual,Edward B. Lewis,5/20/1918,"Wilkes-Barre, PA",United States of America,Male,California Institute of Technology (Caltech),"Pasadena, CA",United States of America,7/21/2004,"Pasadena, CA",United States of America
1995,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1995,"""for their discoveries concerning the genetic control of early embryonic development""",3-Jan,453,Individual,Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard,10/20/1942,Magdeburg,Germany,Female,Max-Planck-Institut für Entwicklungsbiologie,Tübingen,Federal Republic of Germany,,,
1995,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1995,"""for their discoveries concerning the genetic control of early embryonic development""",3-Jan,454,Individual,Eric F. Wieschaus,6/8/1947,"South Bend, IN",United States of America,Male,Princeton University,"Princeton, NJ",United States of America,,,
1995,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1995,"""for their efforts to diminish the part played by nuclear arms in international politics and, in the longer run, to eliminate such arms""",2-Jan,560,Individual,Joseph Rotblat,11/4/1908,Warsaw,Russian Empire (Poland),Male,,,,8/31/2005,London,United Kingdom
1995,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1995,"""for their efforts to diminish the part played by nuclear arms in international politics and, in the longer run, to eliminate such arms""",2-Jan,561,Organization,Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs,,,,,,,,,,
1995,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1995,"""for pioneering contributions to the development of neutron scattering techniques for studies of condensed matter; for the discovery of the tau lepton""",2-Jan,147,Individual,Martin L. Perl,6/24/1927,"New York, NY",United States of America,Male,Stanford University,"Stanford, CA",United States of America,9/30/2014,"Palo Alto, CA",United States of America
1995,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1995,"""for pioneering contributions to the development of neutron scattering techniques for studies of condensed matter; for the detection of the neutrino""",2-Jan,148,Individual,Frederick Reines,3/16/1918,"Paterson, NJ",United States of America,Male,University of California,"Irvine, CA",United States of America,8/26/1998,"Orange, CA",United States of America
1996,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1996,"""for their discovery of fullerenes""",3-Jan,284,Individual,Robert F. Curl Jr.,8/23/1933,"Alice, TX",United States of America,Male,Rice University,"Houston, TX",United States of America,,,
1996,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1996,"""for their discovery of fullerenes""",3-Jan,285,Individual,Sir Harold W. Kroto,10/7/1939,Wisbech,United Kingdom,Male,University of Sussex,Brighton,United Kingdom,4/30/2016,"Lewes, East Sussex",United Kingdom
1996,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1996,"""for their discovery of fullerenes""",3-Jan,286,Individual,Richard E. Smalley,6/6/1943,"Akron, OH",United States of America,Male,Rice University,"Houston, TX",United States of America,10/28/2005,"Houston, TX",United States of America
1996,Economics,The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 1996,"""for their fundamental contributions to the economic theory of incentives under asymmetric information""",2-Jan,715,Individual,James A. Mirrlees,7/5/1936,Minnigaff,Scotland,Male,University of Cambridge,Cambridge,United Kingdom,,,
1996,Economics,The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 1996,"""for their fundamental contributions to the economic theory of incentives under asymmetric information""",2-Jan,716,Individual,William Vickrey,6/21/1914,"Victoria, BC",Canada,Male,Columbia University,"New York, NY",United States of America,10/11/1996,"Harrison, NY",United States of America
1996,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 1996,"""for poetry that with ironic precision allows the historical and biological context to come to light in fragments of human reality""",1-Jan,673,Individual,Wislawa Szymborska,7/2/1923,Bnin (Kórnik),Poland,Female,,,,2/1/2012,Kraków,Poland
1996,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1996,"""for their discoveries concerning the specificity of the cell mediated immune defence""",2-Jan,455,Individual,Peter C. Doherty,10/15/1940,Brisbane,Australia,Male,St. Jude Children's Research Hospital,"Memphis, TN",United States of America,,,
1996,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1996,"""for their discoveries concerning the specificity of the cell mediated immune defence""",2-Jan,456,Individual,Rolf M. Zinkernagel,1/6/1944,Basel,Switzerland,Male,"University of Zurich, Institute of Experimental Immunology",Zurich,Switzerland,,,
1996,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1996,"""for their work towards a just and peaceful solution to the conflict in East Timor""",2-Jan,562,Individual,Carlos Filipe Ximenes Belo,2/3/1948,Wailacama,East Timor,Male,,,,,,
1996,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1996,"""for their work towards a just and peaceful solution to the conflict in East Timor""",2-Jan,563,Individual,José Ramos-Horta,12/26/1949,Dili,East Timor,Male,,,,,,
1996,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1996,"""for their discovery of superfluidity in helium-3""",3-Jan,149,Individual,David M. Lee,1/20/1931,"Rye, NY",United States of America,Male,Cornell University,"Ithaca, NY",United States of America,,,
1996,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1996,"""for their discovery of superfluidity in helium-3""",3-Jan,150,Individual,Douglas D. Osheroff,8/1/1945,"Aberdeen, WA",United States of America,Male,Stanford University,"Stanford, CA",United States of America,,,
1996,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1996,"""for their discovery of superfluidity in helium-3""",3-Jan,151,Individual,Robert C. Richardson,6/26/1937,"Washington, DC",United States of America,Male,Cornell University,"Ithaca, NY",United States of America,2/19/2013,"Ithaca, NY",United States of America
1997,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1997,"""for their elucidation of the enzymatic mechanism underlying the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)""",4-Jan,287,Individual,Paul D. Boyer,7/31/1918,"Provo, UT",United States of America,Male,University of California,"Los Angeles, CA",United States of America,,,
1997,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1997,"""for their elucidation of the enzymatic mechanism underlying the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)""",4-Jan,288,Individual,John E. Walker,1/7/1941,Halifax,United Kingdom,Male,MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology,Cambridge,United Kingdom,,,
1997,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1997,"""for the first discovery of an ion-transporting enzyme, Na+, K+ -ATPase""",2-Jan,289,Individual,Jens C. Skou,10/8/1918,Lemvig,Denmark,Male,Aarhus University,Aarhus,Denmark,,,
1997,Economics,The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 1997,"""for a new method to determine the value of derivatives""",2-Jan,717,Individual,Robert C. Merton,7/31/1944,"New York, NY",United States of America,Male,Harvard University,"Cambridge, MA",United States of America,,,
1997,Economics,The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 1997,"""for a new method to determine the value of derivatives""",2-Jan,718,Individual,Myron S. Scholes,7/1/1941,"Timmins, ON",Canada,Male,Long Term Capital Management,"Greenwich, CT",United States of America,,,
1997,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 1997,"""who emulates the jesters of the Middle Ages in scourging authority and upholding the dignity of the downtrodden""",1-Jan,674,Individual,Dario Fo,3/24/1926,Leggiuno-Sangiano,Italy,Male,,,,10/13/2016,Milano,Italy
1997,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1997,"""for his discovery of Prions - a new biological principle of infection""",1-Jan,457,Individual,Stanley B. Prusiner,5/28/1942,"Des Moines, IA",United States of America,Male,University of California School of Medicine,"San Francisco, CA",United States of America,,,
1997,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1997,"""for their work for the banning and clearing of anti-personnel mines""",2-Jan,564,Organization,International Campaign to Ban Landmines (ICBL),,,,,,,,,,
1997,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1997,"""for their work for the banning and clearing of anti-personnel mines""",2-Jan,565,Individual,Jody Williams,10/9/1950,"Putney, VT",United States of America,Female,,,,,,
1997,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1997,"""for development of methods to cool and trap atoms with laser light""",3-Jan,152,Individual,Steven Chu,2/28/1948,"St. Louis, MO",United States of America,Male,Stanford University,"Stanford, CA",United States of America,,,
1997,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1997,"""for development of methods to cool and trap atoms with laser light""",3-Jan,153,Individual,Claude Cohen-Tannoudji,4/1/1933,Constantine,French Algeria (Algeria),Male,Collège de France,Paris,France,,,
1997,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1997,"""for development of methods to cool and trap atoms with laser light""",3-Jan,153,Individual,Claude Cohen-Tannoudji,4/1/1933,Constantine,French Algeria (Algeria),Male,École Normale Supérieure,Paris,France,,,
1997,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1997,"""for development of methods to cool and trap atoms with laser light""",3-Jan,154,Individual,William D. Phillips,11/5/1948,"Wilkes-Barre, PA",United States of America,Male,National Institute of Standards and Technology,"Gaithersburg, MD",United States of America,,,
1998,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1998,"""for his development of the density-functional theory""",2-Jan,290,Individual,Walter Kohn,3/9/1923,Vienna,Austria,Male,University of California,"Santa Barbara, CA",United States of America,4/19/2016,"Santa Barbara, CA",United States of America
1998,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1998,"""for his development of computational methods in quantum chemistry""",2-Jan,291,Individual,John A. Pople,10/31/1925,Burnham-on-Sea,United Kingdom,Male,Northwestern University,"Evanston, IL",United States of America,3/15/2004,"Chicago, IL",United States of America
1998,Economics,The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 1998,"""for his contributions to welfare economics""",1-Jan,719,Individual,Amartya Sen,11/3/1933,Santiniketan,India,Male,Trinity College,Cambridge,United Kingdom,,,
1998,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 1998,"""who with parables sustained by imagination, compassion and irony continually enables us once again to apprehend an elusory reality""",1-Jan,675,Individual,José Saramago,11/16/1922,Azinhaga,Portugal,Male,,,,6/18/2010,Lanzarote,Spain
1998,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1998,"""for their discoveries concerning nitric oxide as a signalling molecule in the cardiovascular system""",3-Jan,458,Individual,Robert F. Furchgott,6/4/1916,"Charleston, SC",United States of America,Male,SUNY Health Science Center,"Brooklyn, NY",United States of America,5/19/2009,"Seattle, WA",United States of America
1998,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1998,"""for their discoveries concerning nitric oxide as a signalling molecule in the cardiovascular system""",3-Jan,459,Individual,Louis J. Ignarro,5/31/1941,"Brooklyn, NY",United States of America,Male,University of California School of Medicine,"Los Angeles, CA",United States of America,,,
1998,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1998,"""for their discoveries concerning nitric oxide as a signalling molecule in the cardiovascular system""",3-Jan,460,Individual,Ferid Murad,9/14/1936,"Whiting, IN",United States of America,Male,University of Texas Medical School at Houston,"Houston, TX",United States of America,,,
1998,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1998,"""for their efforts to find a peaceful solution to the conflict in Northern Ireland""",2-Jan,566,Individual,John Hume,1/18/1937,Londonderry,Northern Ireland,Male,,,,,,
1998,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1998,"""for their efforts to find a peaceful solution to the conflict in Northern Ireland""",2-Jan,567,Individual,David Trimble,10/15/1944,Belfast,Northern Ireland,Male,,,,,,
1998,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1998,"""for their discovery of a new form of quantum fluid with fractionally charged excitations""",3-Jan,155,Individual,Robert B. Laughlin,11/1/1950,"Visalia, CA",United States of America,Male,Stanford University,"Stanford, CA",United States of America,,,
1998,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1998,"""for their discovery of a new form of quantum fluid with fractionally charged excitations""",3-Jan,156,Individual,Horst L. Störmer,4/6/1949,Frankfurt-on-the-Main,West Germany (Germany),Male,Columbia University,"New York, NY",United States of America,,,
1998,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1998,"""for their discovery of a new form of quantum fluid with fractionally charged excitations""",3-Jan,157,Individual,Daniel C. Tsui,2/28/1939,Henan,China,Male,Princeton University,"Princeton, NJ",United States of America,,,
1999,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1999,"""for his studies of the transition states of chemical reactions using femtosecond spectroscopy""",1-Jan,292,Individual,Ahmed H. Zewail,2/26/1946,Damanhur,Egypt,Male,California Institute of Technology (Caltech),"Pasadena, CA",United States of America,8/2/2016,,
1999,Economics,The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 1999,"""for his analysis of monetary and fiscal policy under different exchange rate regimes and his analysis of optimum currency areas""",1-Jan,720,Individual,Robert A. Mundell,10/24/1932,"Kingston, ON",Canada,Male,Columbia University,"New York, NY",United States of America,,,
1999,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 1999,"""whose frolicsome black fables portray the forgotten face of history""",1-Jan,676,Individual,Günter Grass,10/16/1927,Danzig (Gdansk),Free City of Danzig (Poland),Male,,,,4/13/2015,Lübeck,Germany
1999,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1999,"""for the discovery that proteins have intrinsic signals that govern their transport and localization in the cell""",1-Jan,461,Individual,Günter Blobel,5/21/1936,Waltersdorf (Niegoslawice),Germany (Poland),Male,Rockefeller University,"New York, NY",United States of America,,,
1999,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1999,"""for the discovery that proteins have intrinsic signals that govern their transport and localization in the cell""",1-Jan,461,Individual,Günter Blobel,5/21/1936,Waltersdorf (Niegoslawice),Germany (Poland),Male,Howard Hughes Medical Institute,,,,,
1999,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 1999,"""in recognition of the organization's pioneering humanitarian work on several continents""",1-Jan,568,Organization,Médecins Sans Frontières,,,,,,,,,,
1999,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1999,"""for elucidating the quantum structure of electroweak interactions in physics""",2-Jan,158,Individual,Gerardus 't Hooft,7/5/1946,Den Helder,Netherlands,Male,Utrecht University,Utrecht,Netherlands,,,
1999,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 1999,"""for elucidating the quantum structure of electroweak interactions in physics""",2-Jan,159,Individual,Martinus J.G. Veltman,6/27/1931,Waalwijk,Netherlands,Male,,Bilthoven,Netherlands,,,
2000,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2000,"""for the discovery and development of conductive polymers""",3-Jan,729,Individual,Alan J. Heeger,1/22/1936,"Sioux City, IA",United States of America,Male,University of California,"Santa Barbara, CA",United States of America,,,
2000,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2000,"""for the discovery and development of conductive polymers""",3-Jan,730,Individual,Alan G. MacDiarmid,4/14/1927,Masterton,New Zealand,Male,University of Pennsylvania,"Philadelphia, PA",United States of America,2/7/2007,"Drexel Hill, PA",United States of America
2000,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2000,"""for the discovery and development of conductive polymers""",3-Jan,731,Individual,Hideki Shirakawa,8/20/1936,Tokyo,Japan,Male,University of Tsukuba,Tokyo,Japan,,,
2000,Economics,The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 2000,"""for his development of theory and methods for analyzing selective samples""",2-Jan,732,Individual,James J. Heckman,4/19/1944,"Chicago, IL",United States of America,Male,University of Chicago,"Chicago, IL",United States of America,,,
2000,Economics,The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 2000,"""for his development of theory and methods for analyzing discrete choice""",2-Jan,733,Individual,Daniel L. McFadden,7/29/1937,"Raleigh, NC",United States of America,Male,University of California,"Berkeley, CA",United States of America,,,
2000,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 2000,"""for an æuvre of universal validity, bitter insights and linguistic ingenuity, which has opened new paths for the Chinese novel and drama""",1-Jan,734,Individual,Gao Xingjian,1/4/1940,Ganzhou,China,Male,,,,,,
2000,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2000,"""for their discoveries concerning signal transduction in the nervous system""",3-Jan,722,Individual,Arvid Carlsson,1/25/1923,Uppsala,Sweden,Male,Göteborg University,Gothenburg,Sweden,,,
2000,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2000,"""for their discoveries concerning signal transduction in the nervous system""",3-Jan,723,Individual,Paul Greengard,12/11/1925,"New York, NY",United States of America,Male,Rockefeller University,"New York, NY",United States of America,,,
2000,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2000,"""for their discoveries concerning signal transduction in the nervous system""",3-Jan,724,Individual,Eric R. Kandel,11/7/1929,Vienna,Austria,Male,Columbia University,"New York, NY",United States of America,,,
2000,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 2000,"""for his work for democracy and human rights in South Korea and in East Asia in general, and for peace and reconciliation with North Korea in particular""",1-Jan,725,Individual,Kim Dae-jung,12/3/1925,Mokpo,Korea (South Korea),Male,,,,8/18/2009,,
2000,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 2000,"""for basic work on information and communication technology; for developing semiconductor heterostructures used in high-speed- and opto-electronics""",4-Jan,726,Individual,Zhores I. Alferov,3/15/1930,"Vitebsk, Belorussia",Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (Belarus),Male,A.F. Ioffe Physico-Technical Institute,St. Petersburg,Russia,,,
2000,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 2000,"""for basic work on information and communication technology; for developing semiconductor heterostructures used in high-speed- and opto-electronics""",4-Jan,727,Individual,Herbert Kroemer,8/25/1928,Weimar,Germany,Male,University of California,"Santa Barbara, CA",United States of America,,,
2000,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 2000,"""for basic work on information and communication technology; for his part in the invention of the integrated circuit""",2-Jan,728,Individual,Jack S. Kilby,11/8/1923,"Jefferson City, MO",United States of America,Male,Texas Instruments,"Dallas, TX",United States of America,6/20/2005,"Dallas, TX",United States of America
2001,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2001,"""for their work on chirally catalysed hydrogenation reactions""",4-Jan,741,Individual,William S. Knowles,6/1/1917,"Taunton, MA",United States of America,Male,,"St. Louis, MO",United States of America,6/13/2012,"Chesterfield, MO",United States of America
2001,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2001,"""for their work on chirally catalysed hydrogenation reactions""",4-Jan,742,Individual,Ryoji Noyori,9/3/1938,Kobe,Japan,Male,Nagoya University,Nagoya,Japan,,,
2001,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2001,"""for his work on chirally catalysed oxidation reactions""",2-Jan,743,Individual,K. Barry Sharpless,4/28/1941,"Philadelphia, PA",United States of America,Male,The Scripps Research Institute,"La Jolla, CA",United States of America,,,
2001,Economics,The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 2001,"""for their analyses of markets with asymmetric information""",3-Jan,744,Individual,George A. Akerlof,6/17/1940,"New Haven, CT",United States of America,Male,University of California,"Berkeley, CA",United States of America,,,
2001,Economics,The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 2001,"""for their analyses of markets with asymmetric information""",3-Jan,745,Individual,A. Michael Spence,1943-00-00,"Montclair, NJ",United States of America,Male,Stanford University,"Stanford, CA",United States of America,,,
2001,Economics,The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 2001,"""for their analyses of markets with asymmetric information""",3-Jan,746,Individual,Joseph E. Stiglitz,2/9/1943,"Gary, IN",United States of America,Male,Columbia University,"New York, NY",United States of America,,,
2001,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 2001,"""for having united perceptive narrative and incorruptible scrutiny in works that compel us to see the presence of suppressed histories""",1-Jan,747,Individual,Sir Vidiadhar Surajprasad Naipaul,8/17/1932,,Trinidad,Male,,,,,,
2001,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2001,"""for their discoveries of key regulators of the cell cycle""",3-Jan,735,Individual,Leland H. Hartwell,10/30/1939,"Los Angeles, CA",United States of America,Male,Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center,"Seattle, WA",United States of America,,,
2001,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2001,"""for their discoveries of key regulators of the cell cycle""",3-Jan,736,Individual,Tim Hunt,2/19/1943,Neston,United Kingdom,Male,Imperial Cancer Research Fund,London,United Kingdom,,,
2001,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2001,"""for their discoveries of key regulators of the cell cycle""",3-Jan,737,Individual,Sir Paul M. Nurse,1/25/1949,Norwich,United Kingdom,Male,Imperial Cancer Research Fund,London,United Kingdom,,,
2001,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 2001,"""for their work for a better organized and more peaceful world""",2-Jan,748,Organization,United Nations (U.N.),,,,,,,,,,
2001,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 2001,"""for their work for a better organized and more peaceful world""",2-Jan,749,Individual,Kofi Annan,4/8/1938,Kumasi,Gold Coast (Ghana),Male,,,,,,
2001,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 2001,"""for the achievement of Bose-Einstein condensation in dilute gases of alkali atoms, and for early fundamental studies of the properties of the condensates""",3-Jan,738,Individual,Eric A. Cornell,12/19/1961,"Palo Alto, CA",United States of America,Male,"University of Colorado, JILA","Boulder, CO",United States of America,,,
2001,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 2001,"""for the achievement of Bose-Einstein condensation in dilute gases of alkali atoms, and for early fundamental studies of the properties of the condensates""",3-Jan,739,Individual,Wolfgang Ketterle,10/21/1957,Heidelberg,West Germany (Germany),Male,Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT),"Cambridge, MA",United States of America,,,
2001,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 2001,"""for the achievement of Bose-Einstein condensation in dilute gases of alkali atoms, and for early fundamental studies of the properties of the condensates""",3-Jan,740,Individual,Carl E. Wieman,3/26/1951,"Corvallis, OR",United States of America,Male,"University of Colorado, JILA","Boulder, CO",United States of America,,,
2002,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2002,"""for their development of soft desorption ionisation methods for mass spectrometric analyses of biological macromolecules""",4-Jan,756,Individual,John B. Fenn,6/15/1917,"New York, NY",United States of America,Male,Virginia Commonwealth University,"Richmond, VA",United States of America,12/10/2010,"Richmond, VA",United States of America
2002,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2002,"""for their development of soft desorption ionisation methods for mass spectrometric analyses of biological macromolecules""",4-Jan,757,Individual,Koichi Tanaka,8/3/1959,Toyama City,Japan,Male,Shimadzu Corp.,Kyoto,Japan,,,
2002,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2002,"""for his development of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy for determining the three-dimensional structure of biological macromolecules in solution""",2-Jan,758,Individual,Kurt Wüthrich,10/4/1938,Aarberg,Switzerland,Male,Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology),Zurich,Switzerland,,,
2002,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2002,"""for his development of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy for determining the three-dimensional structure of biological macromolecules in solution""",2-Jan,758,Individual,Kurt Wüthrich,10/4/1938,Aarberg,Switzerland,Male,The Scripps Research Institute,"La Jolla, CA",United States of America,,,
2002,Economics,The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 2002,"""for having integrated insights from psychological research into economic science, especially concerning human judgment and decision-making under uncertainty""",2-Jan,759,Individual,Daniel Kahneman,3/5/1934,Tel Aviv,British Mandate of Palestine (Israel),Male,Princeton University,"Princeton, NJ",United States of America,,,
2002,Economics,The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 2002,"""for having established laboratory experiments as a tool in empirical economic analysis, especially in the study of alternative market mechanisms""",2-Jan,760,Individual,Vernon L. Smith,1/1/1927,"Wichita, KS",United States of America,Male,George Mason University,"Fairfax, VA",United States of America,,,
2002,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 2002,"""for writing that upholds the fragile experience of the individual against the barbaric arbitrariness of history""",1-Jan,761,Individual,Imre Kertész,11/9/1929,Budapest,Hungary,Male,,,,3/31/2016,Budapest,Hungary
2002,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2002,"""for their discoveries concerning genetic regulation of organ development and programmed cell death'""",3-Jan,750,Individual,Sydney Brenner,1/13/1927,Germiston,South Africa,Male,The Molecular Sciences Institute,"Berkeley, CA",United States of America,,,
2002,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2002,"""for their discoveries concerning genetic regulation of organ development and programmed cell death'""",3-Jan,751,Individual,H. Robert Horvitz,5/8/1947,"Chicago, IL",United States of America,Male,Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT),"Cambridge, MA",United States of America,,,
2002,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2002,"""for their discoveries concerning genetic regulation of organ development and programmed cell death'""",3-Jan,752,Individual,John E. Sulston,3/27/1942,Cambridge,United Kingdom,Male,The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute,Cambridge,United Kingdom,,,
2002,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 2002,"""for his decades of untiring effort to find peaceful solutions to international conflicts, to advance democracy and human rights, and to promote economic and social development""",1-Jan,762,Individual,Jimmy Carter,10/1/1924,"Plains, GA",United States of America,Male,,,,,,
2002,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 2002,"""for pioneering contributions to astrophysics, in particular for the detection of cosmic neutrinos""",4-Jan,753,Individual,Raymond Davis Jr.,10/14/1914,"Washington, DC",United States of America,Male,University of Pennsylvania,"Philadelphia, PA",United States of America,5/31/2006,"Blue Point, NY",United States of America
2002,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 2002,"""for pioneering contributions to astrophysics, in particular for the detection of cosmic neutrinos""",4-Jan,754,Individual,Masatoshi Koshiba,9/19/1926,Toyohashi,Japan,Male,University of Tokyo,Tokyo,Japan,,,
2002,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 2002,"""for pioneering contributions to astrophysics, which have led to the discovery of cosmic X-ray sources""",2-Jan,755,Individual,Riccardo Giacconi,10/6/1931,Genoa,Italy,Male,Associated Universities Inc.,"Washington, DC",United States of America,,,
2003,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2003,"""for discoveries concerning channels in cell membranes; for the discovery of water channels""",2-Jan,769,Individual,Peter Agre,1/30/1949,"Northfield, MN",United States of America,Male,Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine,"Baltimore, MD",United States of America,,,
2003,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2003,"""for discoveries concerning channels in cell membranes; for structural and mechanistic studies of ion channels""",2-Jan,770,Individual,Roderick MacKinnon,2/19/1956,"Burlington, MA",United States of America,Male,Rockefeller University,"New York, NY",United States of America,,,
2003,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2003,"""for discoveries concerning channels in cell membranes; for structural and mechanistic studies of ion channels""",2-Jan,770,Individual,Roderick MacKinnon,2/19/1956,"Burlington, MA",United States of America,Male,Howard Hughes Medical Institute,,,,,
2003,Economics,The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 2003,"""for methods of analyzing economic time series with time-varying volatility (ARCH)""",2-Jan,771,Individual,Robert F. Engle III,11/10/1942,"Syracuse, NY",United States of America,Male,New York University,"New York, NY",United States of America,,,
2003,Economics,The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 2003,"""for methods of analyzing economic time series with common trends (cointegration)""",2-Jan,772,Individual,Clive W.J. Granger,9/4/1934,Swansea,United Kingdom,Male,University of California,"San Diego, CA",United States of America,5/27/2009,"San Diego, CA",United States of America
2003,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 2003,"""who in innumerable guises portrays the surprising involvement of the outsider""",1-Jan,763,Individual,John M. Coetzee,2/9/1940,Cape Town,South Africa,Male,,,,,,
2003,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2003,"""for their discoveries concerning magnetic resonance imaging""",2-Jan,764,Individual,Paul C. Lauterbur,5/6/1929,"Sidney, OH",United States of America,Male,University of Illinois,"Urbana, IL",United States of America,3/27/2007,"Urbana, IL",United States of America
2003,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2003,"""for their discoveries concerning magnetic resonance imaging""",2-Jan,765,Individual,Sir Peter Mansfield,10/9/1933,London,United Kingdom,Male,"University of Nottingham, School of Physics and Astronomy",Nottingham,United Kingdom,2/8/2017,,
2003,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 2003,"""for her efforts for democracy and human rights. She has focused especially on the struggle for the rights of women and children""",1-Jan,773,Individual,Shirin Ebadi,6/21/1947,Hamadan,Iran,Female,,,,,,
2003,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 2003,"""for pioneering contributions to the theory of superconductors and superfluids""",3-Jan,766,Individual,Alexei A. Abrikosov,6/25/1928,Moscow,Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (Russia),Male,Argonne National Laboratory,"Argonne, IL",United States of America,,,
2003,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 2003,"""for pioneering contributions to the theory of superconductors and superfluids""",3-Jan,767,Individual,Vitaly L. Ginzburg,10/4/1916,Moscow,Russia,Male,P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute,Moscow,Russia,11/8/2009,,
2003,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 2003,"""for pioneering contributions to the theory of superconductors and superfluids""",3-Jan,768,Individual,Anthony J. Leggett,3/26/1938,London,United Kingdom,Male,University of Illinois,"Urbana, IL",United States of America,,,
2004,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2004,"""for the discovery of ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation""",3-Jan,779,Individual,Aaron Ciechanover,10/1/1947,Haifa,British Protectorate of Palestine (Israel),Male,Technion - Israel Institute of Technology,Haifa,Israel,,,
2004,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2004,"""for the discovery of ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation""",3-Jan,780,Individual,Avram Hershko,12/31/1937,Karcag,Hungary,Male,Technion - Israel Institute of Technology,Haifa,Israel,,,
2004,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2004,"""for the discovery of ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation""",3-Jan,781,Individual,Irwin Rose,7/16/1926,"Brooklyn, NY",United States of America,Male,University of California,"Irvine, CA",United States of America,6/3/2015,"Deerfield, MA",United States of America
2004,Economics,The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 2004,"""for their contributions to dynamic macroeconomics: the time consistency of economic policy and the driving forces behind business cycles""",2-Jan,786,Individual,Finn E. Kydland,12/1/1943,Gjesdal,Norway,Male,Carnegie Mellon University,"Pittsburgh, PA",United States of America,,,
2004,Economics,The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 2004,"""for their contributions to dynamic macroeconomics: the time consistency of economic policy and the driving forces behind business cycles""",2-Jan,786,Individual,Finn E. Kydland,12/1/1943,Gjesdal,Norway,Male,University of California,"Santa Barbara, CA",United States of America,,,
2004,Economics,The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 2004,"""for their contributions to dynamic macroeconomics: the time consistency of economic policy and the driving forces behind business cycles""",2-Jan,787,Individual,Edward C. Prescott,12/26/1940,"Glens Falls, NY",United States of America,Male,Arizona State University,"Tempe, AZ",United States of America,,,
2004,Economics,The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 2004,"""for their contributions to dynamic macroeconomics: the time consistency of economic policy and the driving forces behind business cycles""",2-Jan,787,Individual,Edward C. Prescott,12/26/1940,"Glens Falls, NY",United States of America,Male,Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis,"Minneapolis, MN",United States of America,,,
2004,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 2004,"""for her musical flow of voices and counter-voices in novels and plays that with extraordinary linguistic zeal reveal the absurdity of society's clich&eacute;s and their subjugating power""",1-Jan,782,Individual,Elfriede Jelinek,10/20/1946,Mürzzuschlag,Austria,Female,,,,,,
2004,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2004,"""for their discoveries of odorant receptors and the organization of the olfactory system""",2-Jan,774,Individual,Richard Axel,7/2/1946,"New York, NY",United States of America,Male,Columbia University,"New York, NY",United States of America,,,
2004,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2004,"""for their discoveries of odorant receptors and the organization of the olfactory system""",2-Jan,775,Individual,Linda B. Buck,1/29/1947,"Seattle, WA",United States of America,Female,Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center,"Seattle, WA",United States of America,,,
2004,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 2004,"""for her contribution to sustainable development, democracy and peace""",1-Jan,783,Individual,Wangari Muta Maathai,4/1/1940,Nyeri,Kenya,Female,,,,9/25/2011,Nairobi,Kenya
2004,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 2004,"""for the discovery of asymptotic freedom in the theory of the strong interaction""",3-Jan,776,Individual,David J. Gross,2/19/1941,"Washington, DC",United States of America,Male,"University of California, Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics","Santa Barbara, CA",United States of America,,,
2004,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 2004,"""for the discovery of asymptotic freedom in the theory of the strong interaction""",3-Jan,777,Individual,H. David Politzer,8/31/1949,"New York, NY",United States of America,Male,California Institute of Technology (Caltech),"Pasadena, CA",United States of America,,,
2004,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 2004,"""for the discovery of asymptotic freedom in the theory of the strong interaction""",3-Jan,778,Individual,Frank Wilczek,5/15/1951,"New York, NY",United States of America,Male,Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT),"Cambridge, MA",United States of America,,,
2005,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2005,"""for the development of the metathesis method in organic synthesis""",3-Jan,794,Individual,Yves Chauvin,10/10/1930,Menin,Belgium,Male,Institut Français du Pétrole,Rueil-Malmaison,France,1/27/2015,Tours,France
2005,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2005,"""for the development of the metathesis method in organic synthesis""",3-Jan,795,Individual,Robert H. Grubbs,2/27/1942,"Possum Trot, KY",United States of America,Male,California Institute of Technology (Caltech),"Pasadena, CA",United States of America,,,
2005,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2005,"""for the development of the metathesis method in organic synthesis""",3-Jan,796,Individual,Richard R. Schrock,1/4/1945,"Berne, IN",United States of America,Male,Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT),"Cambridge, MA",United States of America,,,
2005,Economics,The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 2005,"""for having enhanced our understanding of conflict and cooperation through game-theory analysis""",2-Jan,799,Individual,Robert J. Aumann,6/8/1930,Frankfurt-on-the-Main,Germany,Male,"University of Jerusalem, Center for RationalityHebrew",Jerusalem,Israel,,,
2005,Economics,The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 2005,"""for having enhanced our understanding of conflict and cooperation through game-theory analysis""",2-Jan,800,Individual,Thomas C. Schelling,4/14/1921,"Oakland, CA",United States of America,Male,"University of Maryland, Department of Economics and School of Public Policy","College Park, MD",United States of America,12/13/2016,"Bethesda, MD",United States of America
2005,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 2005,"""who in his plays uncovers the precipice under everyday prattle and forces entry into oppression's closed rooms""",1-Jan,801,Individual,Harold Pinter,10/10/1930,London,United Kingdom,Male,,,,12/24/2008,London,United Kingdom
2005,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2005,"""for their discovery of the bacterium <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> and its role in gastritis and peptic ulcer disease""",2-Jan,789,Individual,Barry J. Marshall,9/30/1951,Kalgoorlie,Australia,Male,"NHMRC Helicobacter pylori Research Laboratory, QEII Medical Centre",Nedlands,Australia,,,
2005,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2005,"""for their discovery of the bacterium <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> and its role in gastritis and peptic ulcer disease""",2-Jan,789,Individual,Barry J. Marshall,9/30/1951,Kalgoorlie,Australia,Male,University of Western Australia,Perth,Australia,,,
2005,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2005,"""for their discovery of the bacterium <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> and its role in gastritis and peptic ulcer disease""",2-Jan,790,Individual,J. Robin Warren,6/11/1937,Adelaide,Australia,Male,,Perth,Australia,,,
2005,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 2005,"""for their efforts to prevent nuclear energy from being used for military purposes and to ensure that nuclear energy for peaceful purposes is used in the safest possible way""",2-Jan,797,Organization,International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA),,,,,,,,,,
2005,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 2005,"""for their efforts to prevent nuclear energy from being used for military purposes and to ensure that nuclear energy for peaceful purposes is used in the safest possible way""",2-Jan,798,Individual,Mohamed ElBaradei,6/17/1942,Cairo,Egypt,Male,,,,,,
2005,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 2005,"""for his contribution to the quantum theory of optical coherence""",2-Jan,791,Individual,Roy J. Glauber,9/1/1925,"New York, NY",United States of America,Male,Harvard University,"Cambridge, MA",United States of America,,,
2005,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 2005,"""for their contributions to the development of laser-based precision spectroscopy, including the optical frequency comb technique""",4-Jan,792,Individual,John L. Hall,8/21/1934,"Denver, CO",United States of America,Male,"University of Colorado, JILA","Boulder, CO",United States of America,,,
2005,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 2005,"""for their contributions to the development of laser-based precision spectroscopy, including the optical frequency comb technique""",4-Jan,792,Individual,John L. Hall,8/21/1934,"Denver, CO",United States of America,Male,National Institute of Standards and Technology,"Boulder, CO",United States of America,,,
2005,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 2005,"""for their contributions to the development of laser-based precision spectroscopy, including the optical frequency comb technique""",4-Jan,793,Individual,Theodor W. Hänsch,10/30/1941,Heidelberg,Germany,Male,Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik,Garching,Germany,,,
2005,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 2005,"""for their contributions to the development of laser-based precision spectroscopy, including the optical frequency comb technique""",4-Jan,793,Individual,Theodor W. Hänsch,10/30/1941,Heidelberg,Germany,Male,Ludwig-Maximilians- Universität,Munich,Germany,,,
2006,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2006,"""for his studies of the molecular basis of eukaryotic transcription""",1-Jan,806,Individual,Roger D. Kornberg,4/24/1947,"St. Louis, MO",United States of America,Male,Stanford University,"Stanford, CA",United States of America,,,
2006,Economics,The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 2006,"""for his analysis of intertemporal tradeoffs in macroeconomic policy""",1-Jan,807,Individual,Edmund S. Phelps,7/26/1933,"Evanston, IL",United States of America,Male,Columbia University,"New York, NY",United States of America,,,
2006,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 2006,"""who in the quest for the melancholic soul of his native city has discovered new symbols for the clash and interlacing of cultures""",1-Jan,808,Individual,Orhan Pamuk,6/7/1952,Istanbul,Turkey,Male,,,,,,
2006,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2006,"""for their discovery of RNA interference - gene silencing by double-stranded RNA""",2-Jan,802,Individual,Andrew Z. Fire,4/27/1959,"Stanford, CA",United States of America,Male,Stanford University School of Medicine,"Stanford, CA",United States of America,,,
2006,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2006,"""for their discovery of RNA interference - gene silencing by double-stranded RNA""",2-Jan,803,Individual,Craig C. Mello,10/19/1960,"New Haven, CT",United States of America,Male,University of Massachusetts Medical School,"Worcester, MA",United States of America,,,
2006,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 2006,"""for their efforts to create economic and social development from below""",2-Jan,809,Individual,Muhammad Yunus,6/28/1940,Chittagong,British India (Bangladesh),Male,,,,,,
2006,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 2006,"""for their efforts to create economic and social development from below""",2-Jan,810,Organization,Grameen Bank,,,,,,,,,,
2006,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 2006,"""for their discovery of the blackbody form and anisotropy of the cosmic microwave background radiation""",2-Jan,804,Individual,John C. Mather,8/7/1946,"Roanoke, VA",United States of America,Male,NASA Goddard Space Flight Center,"Greenbelt, MD",United States of America,,,
2006,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 2006,"""for their discovery of the blackbody form and anisotropy of the cosmic microwave background radiation""",2-Jan,805,Individual,George F. Smoot,2/20/1945,"Yukon, FL",United States of America,Male,University of California,"Berkeley, CA",United States of America,,,
2007,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2007,"""for his studies of chemical processes on solid surfaces""",1-Jan,816,Individual,Gerhard Ertl,10/10/1936,Bad Cannstatt,Germany,Male,Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft,Berlin,Germany,,,
2007,Economics,The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 2007,"""for having laid the foundations of mechanism design theory""",3-Jan,820,Individual,Leonid Hurwicz,8/21/1917,Moscow,Russia,Male,University of Minnesota,"Minneapolis, MN",United States of America,6/24/2008,"Minneapolis, MN",United States of America
2007,Economics,The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 2007,"""for having laid the foundations of mechanism design theory""",3-Jan,821,Individual,Eric S. Maskin,12/12/1950,"New York, NY",United States of America,Male,Institute for Advanced Study,"Princeton, NJ",United States of America,,,
2007,Economics,The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 2007,"""for having laid the foundations of mechanism design theory""",3-Jan,822,Individual,Roger B. Myerson,3/29/1951,"Boston, MA",United States of America,Male,University of Chicago,"Chicago, IL",United States of America,,,
2007,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 2007,"""that epicist of the female experience, who with scepticism, fire and visionary power has subjected a divided civilisation to scrutiny""",1-Jan,817,Individual,Doris Lessing,10/22/1919,Kermanshah,Persia (Iran),Female,,,,11/17/2013,London,United Kingdom
2007,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2007,"""for their discoveries of principles for introducing specific gene modifications in mice by the use of embryonic stem cells""",3-Jan,811,Individual,Mario R. Capecchi,10/6/1937,Verona,Italy,Male,University of Utah,"Salt Lake City, UT",United States of America,,,
2007,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2007,"""for their discoveries of principles for introducing specific gene modifications in mice by the use of embryonic stem cells""",3-Jan,811,Individual,Mario R. Capecchi,10/6/1937,Verona,Italy,Male,Howard Hughes Medical Institute,,,,,
2007,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2007,"""for their discoveries of principles for introducing specific gene modifications in mice by the use of embryonic stem cells""",3-Jan,812,Individual,Sir Martin J. Evans,1/1/1941,Stroud,United Kingdom,Male,Cardiff University,Cardiff,United Kingdom,,,
2007,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2007,"""for their discoveries of principles for introducing specific gene modifications in mice by the use of embryonic stem cells""",3-Jan,813,Individual,Oliver Smithies,6/23/1925,Halifax,United Kingdom,Male,University of North Carolina,"Chapel Hill, NC",United States of America,1/10/2017,"Chapel Hill, NC",United States of America
2007,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 2007,"""for their efforts to build up and disseminate greater knowledge about man-made climate change, and to lay the foundations for the measures that are needed to counteract such change""",2-Jan,818,Organization,Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC),,,,,,,,,,
2007,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 2007,"""for their efforts to build up and disseminate greater knowledge about man-made climate change, and to lay the foundations for the measures that are needed to counteract such change""",2-Jan,819,Individual,Albert Arnold (Al) Gore Jr.,3/31/1948,"Washington, DC",United States of America,Male,,,,,,
2007,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 2007,"""for the discovery of Giant Magnetoresistance""",2-Jan,814,Individual,Albert Fert,3/7/1938,Carcassonne,France,Male,Universit&eacute; Paris-Sud,Orsay,France,,,
2007,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 2007,"""for the discovery of Giant Magnetoresistance""",2-Jan,814,Individual,Albert Fert,3/7/1938,Carcassonne,France,Male,Unit&eacute; Mixte de Physique CNRS/THALES,Orsay,France,,,
2007,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 2007,"""for the discovery of Giant Magnetoresistance""",2-Jan,815,Individual,Peter Grünberg,5/18/1939,Plzen,Czechoslovakia (Czech Republic),Male,Forschungszentrum J&uuml;lich,J&uuml;lich,Germany,,,
2008,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2008,"""for the discovery and development of the green fluorescent protein, GFP""",3-Jan,829,Individual,Osamu Shimomura,8/27/1928,Kyoto,Japan,Male,Marine Biological Laboratory (MBL),"Woods Hole, MA",United States of America,,,
2008,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2008,"""for the discovery and development of the green fluorescent protein, GFP""",3-Jan,829,Individual,Osamu Shimomura,8/27/1928,Kyoto,Japan,Male,Boston University Medical School,"Massachusetts, MA",United States of America,,,
2008,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2008,"""for the discovery and development of the green fluorescent protein, GFP""",3-Jan,830,Individual,Martin Chalfie,1/15/1947,"Chicago, IL",United States of America,Male,Columbia University,"New York, NY",United States of America,,,
2008,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2008,"""for the discovery and development of the green fluorescent protein, GFP""",3-Jan,831,Individual,Roger Y. Tsien,2/1/1952,"New York, NY",United States of America,Male,University of California,"San Diego, CA",United States of America,8/24/2016,"Eugene, OR",United States of America
2008,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2008,"""for the discovery and development of the green fluorescent protein, GFP""",3-Jan,831,Individual,Roger Y. Tsien,2/1/1952,"New York, NY",United States of America,Male,Howard Hughes Medical Institute,,,8/24/2016,"Eugene, OR",United States of America
2008,Economics,The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 2008,"""for his analysis of trade patterns and location of economic activity""",1-Jan,834,Individual,Paul Krugman,2/28/1953,"New York, NY",United States of America,Male,Princeton University,"Princeton, NJ",United States of America,,,
2008,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 2008,"""author of new departures, poetic adventure and sensual ecstasy, explorer of a humanity beyond and below the reigning civilization""",1-Jan,832,Individual,Jean-Marie Gustave Le Clézio,4/13/1940,Nice,France,Male,,,,,,
2008,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2008,"""for his discovery of human papilloma viruses causing cervical cancer""",2-Jan,823,Individual,Harald zur Hausen,3/11/1936,Gelsenkirchen,Germany,Male,German Cancer Research Center,Heidelberg,Germany,,,
2008,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2008,"""for their discovery of human immunodeficiency virus""",4-Jan,824,Individual,Françoise Barré-Sinoussi,7/30/1947,Paris,France,Female,"Regulation of Retroviral Infections Unit, Virology Department, Institut Pasteur",Paris,France,,,
2008,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2008,"""for their discovery of human immunodeficiency virus""",4-Jan,825,Individual,Luc Montagnier,8/18/1932,Chabris,France,Male,World Foundation for AIDS Research and Prevention,Paris,France,,,
2008,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 2008,"""for his important efforts, on several continents and over more than three decades, to resolve international conflicts""",1-Jan,833,Individual,Martti Ahtisaari,6/23/1937,Viipuri (Vyborg),Finland,Male,,,,,,
2008,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 2008,"""for the discovery of the mechanism of spontaneous broken symmetry in subatomic physics""",2-Jan,826,Individual,Yoichiro Nambu,1/18/1921,Tokyo,Japan,Male,"Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago","Chicago, IL",United States of America,7/5/2015,Osaka,Japan
2008,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 2008,"""for the discovery of the origin of the broken symmetry which predicts the existence of at least three families of quarks in nature""",4-Jan,827,Individual,Makoto Kobayashi,4/7/1944,Nagoya,Japan,Male,High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK),Tsukuba,Japan,,,
2008,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 2008,"""for the discovery of the origin of the broken symmetry which predicts the existence of at least three families of quarks in nature""",4-Jan,828,Individual,Toshihide Maskawa,2/7/1940,Nagoya,Japan,Male,Kyoto Sangyo University,Kyoto,Japan,,,
2008,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 2008,"""for the discovery of the origin of the broken symmetry which predicts the existence of at least three families of quarks in nature""",4-Jan,828,Individual,Toshihide Maskawa,2/7/1940,Nagoya,Japan,Male,"Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics (YITP), Kyoto University",Kyoto,Japan,,,
2009,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2009,"""for studies of the structure and function of the ribosome""",3-Jan,841,Individual,Venkatraman Ramakrishnan,,"Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu",India,Male,MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology,Cambridge,United Kingdom,,,
2009,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2009,"""for studies of the structure and function of the ribosome""",3-Jan,842,Individual,Thomas A. Steitz,8/23/1940,"Milwaukee, WI",United States of America,Male,Yale University,"New Haven, CT",United States of America,,,
2009,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2009,"""for studies of the structure and function of the ribosome""",3-Jan,842,Individual,Thomas A. Steitz,8/23/1940,"Milwaukee, WI",United States of America,Male,Howard Hughes Medical Institute,,,,,
2009,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2009,"""for studies of the structure and function of the ribosome""",3-Jan,843,Individual,Ada E. Yonath,6/22/1939,Jerusalem,British Mandate of Palestine (Israel),Female,Weizmann Institute of Science,Rehovot,Israel,,,
2009,Economics,The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 2009,"""for her analysis of economic governance, especially the commons""",2-Jan,846,Individual,Elinor Ostrom,8/7/1933,"Los Angeles, CA",United States of America,Female,Indiana University,"Bloomington, IN",United States of America,6/12/2012,"Bloomington, IN",United States of America
2009,Economics,The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 2009,"""for her analysis of economic governance, especially the commons""",2-Jan,846,Individual,Elinor Ostrom,8/7/1933,"Los Angeles, CA",United States of America,Female,Arizona State University,"Tempe, AZ",United States of America,6/12/2012,"Bloomington, IN",United States of America
2009,Economics,The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 2009,"""for his analysis of economic governance, especially the boundaries of the firm""",2-Jan,847,Individual,Oliver E. Williamson,9/27/1932,"Superior, WI",United States of America,Male,University of California,"Berkeley, CA",United States of America,,,
2009,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 2009,"""who, with the concentration of poetry and the frankness of prose, depicts the landscape of the dispossessed""",1-Jan,844,Individual,Herta Müller,8/17/1953,"Nitzkydorf, Banat",Romania,Female,,,,,,
2009,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2009,"""for the discovery of how chromosomes are protected by telomeres and the enzyme telomerase""",3-Jan,835,Individual,Elizabeth H. Blackburn,11/26/1948,"Hobart, Tasmania",Australia,Female,University of California,"San Francisco, CA",United States of America,,,
2009,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2009,"""for the discovery of how chromosomes are protected by telomeres and the enzyme telomerase""",3-Jan,836,Individual,Carol W. Greider,4/15/1961,"San Diego, CA",United States of America,Female,Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine,"Baltimore, MD",United States of America,,,
2009,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2009,"""for the discovery of how chromosomes are protected by telomeres and the enzyme telomerase""",3-Jan,837,Individual,Jack W. Szostak,11/9/1952,London,United Kingdom,Male,Harvard Medical School,"Boston, MA",United States of America,,,
2009,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2009,"""for the discovery of how chromosomes are protected by telomeres and the enzyme telomerase""",3-Jan,837,Individual,Jack W. Szostak,11/9/1952,London,United Kingdom,Male,Massachusetts General Hospital,"Boston, MA",United States of America,,,
2009,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2009,"""for the discovery of how chromosomes are protected by telomeres and the enzyme telomerase""",3-Jan,837,Individual,Jack W. Szostak,11/9/1952,London,United Kingdom,Male,Howard Hughes Medical Institute,,,,,
2009,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 2009,"""for his extraordinary efforts to strengthen international diplomacy and cooperation between peoples""",1-Jan,845,Individual,Barack H. Obama,8/4/1961,"Honolulu, HI",United States of America,Male,,,,,,
2009,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 2009,"""for groundbreaking achievements concerning the transmission of light in fibers for optical communication""",2-Jan,838,Individual,Charles Kuen Kao,11/4/1933,Shanghai,China,Male,Standard Telecommunication Laboratories,Harlow,United Kingdom,,,
2009,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 2009,"""for groundbreaking achievements concerning the transmission of light in fibers for optical communication""",2-Jan,838,Individual,Charles Kuen Kao,11/4/1933,Shanghai,China,Male,Chinese University of Hong Kong,Hong Kong,China,,,
2009,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 2009,"""for the invention of an imaging semiconductor circuit - the CCD sensor""",4-Jan,839,Individual,Willard S. Boyle,8/19/1924,"Amherst, NS",Canada,Male,Bell Laboratories,"Murray Hill, NJ",United States of America,5/7/2011,"Truro, NS",Canada
2009,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 2009,"""for the invention of an imaging semiconductor circuit - the CCD sensor""",4-Jan,840,Individual,George E. Smith,5/10/1930,"White Plains, NY",United States of America,Male,Bell Laboratories,"Murray Hill, NJ",United States of America,,,
2010,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2010,"""for palladium-catalyzed cross couplings in organic synthesis""",3-Jan,851,Individual,Richard F. Heck,8/15/1931,"Springfield, MA",United States of America,Male,University of Delaware,,United States of America,10/9/2015,Manila,Philippines
2010,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2010,"""for palladium-catalyzed cross couplings in organic synthesis""",3-Jan,852,Individual,Ei-ichi Negishi,7/14/1935,Changchun,China,Male,Purdue University,"West Lafayette, IN",United States of America,,,
2010,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2010,"""for palladium-catalyzed cross couplings in organic synthesis""",3-Jan,853,Individual,Akira Suzuki,9/12/1930,Mukawa,Japan,Male,Hokkaido University,Sapporo,Japan,,,
2010,Economics,The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 2010,"""for their analysis of markets with search frictions""",3-Jan,856,Individual,Peter A. Diamond,4/29/1940,"New York, NY",United States of America,Male,Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT),"Cambridge, MA",United States of America,,,
2010,Economics,The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 2010,"""for their analysis of markets with search frictions""",3-Jan,857,Individual,Dale T. Mortensen,2/2/1939,"Enterprise, OR",United States of America,Male,Northwestern University,"Evanston, IL",United States of America,1/9/2014,"Wilmette, IL",United States of America
2010,Economics,The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 2010,"""for their analysis of markets with search frictions""",3-Jan,857,Individual,Dale T. Mortensen,2/2/1939,"Enterprise, OR",United States of America,Male,Aarhus University,Aarhus,Denmark,1/9/2014,"Wilmette, IL",United States of America
2010,Economics,The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 2010,"""for their analysis of markets with search frictions""",3-Jan,858,Individual,Christopher A. Pissarides,2/20/1948,Nicosia,Cyprus,Male,London School of Economics and Political Science,London,United Kingdom,,,
2010,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 2010,"""for his cartography of structures of power and his trenchant images of the individual's resistance, revolt, and defeat""",1-Jan,854,Individual,Mario Vargas Llosa,3/28/1936,Arequipa,Peru,Male,,,,,,
2010,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2010,"""for the development of in vitro fertilization""",1-Jan,848,Individual,Robert G. Edwards,9/27/1925,Batley,United Kingdom,Male,University of Cambridge,Cambridge,United Kingdom,4/10/2013,Cambridge,United Kingdom
2010,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 2010,"""for his long and non-violent struggle for fundamental human rights in China""",1-Jan,855,Individual,Liu Xiaobo,12/28/1955,,China,Male,,,,,,
2010,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 2010,"""for groundbreaking experiments regarding the two-dimensional material graphene""",2-Jan,849,Individual,Andre Geim,10/21/1958,Sochi,Russia,Male,University of Manchester,Manchester,United Kingdom,,,
2010,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 2010,"""for groundbreaking experiments regarding the two-dimensional material graphene""",2-Jan,850,Individual,Konstantin Novoselov,8/23/1974,Nizhny Tagil,Russia,Male,University of Manchester,Manchester,United Kingdom,,,
2011,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2011,"""for the discovery of quasicrystals""",1-Jan,867,Individual,Dan Shechtman,1/24/1941,Tel Aviv,British Mandate of Palestine (Israel),Male,Technion - Israel Institute of Technology,Haifa,Israel,,,
2011,Economics,The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 2011,"""for their empirical research on cause and effect in the macroeconomy""",2-Jan,872,Individual,Thomas J. Sargent,7/19/1943,"Pasadena, CA",United States of America,Male,New York University,"New York, NY",United States of America,,,
2011,Economics,The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 2011,"""for their empirical research on cause and effect in the macroeconomy""",2-Jan,873,Individual,Christopher A. Sims,10/21/1942,"Washington, DC",United States of America,Male,Princeton University,"Princeton, NJ",United States of America,,,
2011,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 2011,"""because, through his condensed, translucent images, he gives us fresh access to reality""",1-Jan,868,Individual,Tomas Tranströmer,4/15/1931,Stockholm,Sweden,Male,,,,3/26/2015,Stockholm,Sweden
2011,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2011,"""for their discoveries concerning the activation of innate immunity""",4-Jan,861,Individual,Bruce A. Beutler,12/29/1957,"Chicago, IL",United States of America,Male,University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas,"Dallas, TX",United States of America,,,
2011,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2011,"""for their discoveries concerning the activation of innate immunity""",4-Jan,861,Individual,Bruce A. Beutler,12/29/1957,"Chicago, IL",United States of America,Male,The Scripps Research Institute,"La Jolla, CA",United States of America,,,
2011,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2011,"""for their discoveries concerning the activation of innate immunity""",4-Jan,862,Individual,Jules A. Hoffmann,8/2/1941,Echternach,Luxembourg,Male,University of Strasbourg,Strasbourg,France,,,
2011,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2011,"""for his discovery of the dendritic cell and its role in adaptive immunity""",2-Jan,863,Individual,Ralph M. Steinman,1/14/1943,Montreal,Canada,Male,Rockefeller University,"New York, NY",United States of America,9/30/2011,,
2011,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 2011,"""for their non-violent struggle for the safety of women and for women&apos;s rights to full participation in peace-building work""",3-Jan,869,Individual,Ellen Johnson Sirleaf,10/29/1938,Monrovia,Liberia,Female,,,,,,
2011,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 2011,"""for their non-violent struggle for the safety of women and for women&apos;s rights to full participation in peace-building work""",3-Jan,870,Individual,Leymah Gbowee,2/1/1972,Monrovia,Liberia,Female,,,,,,
2011,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 2011,"""for their non-violent struggle for the safety of women and for women&apos;s rights to full participation in peace-building work""",3-Jan,871,Individual,Tawakkol Karman,2/7/1979,Ta'izz,Yemen,Female,,,,,,
2011,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 2011,"""for the discovery of the accelerating expansion of the Universe through observations of distant supernovae""",2-Jan,864,Individual,Saul Perlmutter,,"Champaign-Urbana, IL",United States of America,Male,Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory,"Berkeley, CA",United States of America,,,
2011,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 2011,"""for the discovery of the accelerating expansion of the Universe through observations of distant supernovae""",2-Jan,864,Individual,Saul Perlmutter,,"Champaign-Urbana, IL",United States of America,Male,University of California,"Berkeley, CA",United States of America,,,
2011,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 2011,"""for the discovery of the accelerating expansion of the Universe through observations of distant supernovae""",4-Jan,865,Individual,Brian P. Schmidt,2/24/1967,"Missoula, MT",United States of America,Male,Australian National University,Weston Creek,Australia,,,
2011,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 2011,"""for the discovery of the accelerating expansion of the Universe through observations of distant supernovae""",4-Jan,866,Individual,Adam G. Riess,12/16/1969,"Washington, DC",United States of America,Male,Johns Hopkins University,"Baltimore, MD",United States of America,,,
2011,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 2011,"""for the discovery of the accelerating expansion of the Universe through observations of distant supernovae""",4-Jan,866,Individual,Adam G. Riess,12/16/1969,"Washington, DC",United States of America,Male,Space Telescope Science Institute,"Baltimore, MD",United States of America,,,
2012,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2012,"""for studies of G-protein-coupled receptors""",2-Jan,878,Individual,Robert J. Lefkowitz,4/15/1943,"New York, NY",United States of America,Male,Howard Hughes Medical Institute,,,,,
2012,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2012,"""for studies of G-protein-coupled receptors""",2-Jan,878,Individual,Robert J. Lefkowitz,4/15/1943,"New York, NY",United States of America,Male,Duke University Medical Center,"Durham, NC",United States of America,,,
2012,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2012,"""for studies of G-protein-coupled receptors""",2-Jan,879,Individual,Brian K. Kobilka,5/30/1955,"Little Falls, MN",United States of America,Male,Stanford University School of Medicine,"Stanford, CA",United States of America,,,
2012,Economics,The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 2012,"""for the theory of stable allocations and the practice of market design""",2-Jan,882,Individual,Alvin E. Roth,12/18/1951,"New York, NY",United States of America,Male,Harvard University,"Cambridge, MA",United States of America,,,
2012,Economics,The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 2012,"""for the theory of stable allocations and the practice of market design""",2-Jan,882,Individual,Alvin E. Roth,12/18/1951,"New York, NY",United States of America,Male,Harvard Business School,"Boston, MA",United States of America,,,
2012,Economics,The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 2012,"""for the theory of stable allocations and the practice of market design""",2-Jan,883,Individual,Lloyd S. Shapley,6/2/1923,"Cambridge, MA",United States of America,Male,University of California,"Los Angeles, CA",United States of America,3/12/2016,"Tucson, AZ",United States of America
2012,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 2012,"""who with hallucinatory realism merges folk tales, history and the contemporary""",1-Jan,880,Individual,Mo Yan,2/2/1955,Gaomi,China,Male,,,,,,
2012,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2012,"""for the discovery that mature cells can be reprogrammed to become pluripotent""",2-Jan,874,Individual,Sir John B. Gurdon,10/2/1933,Dippenhall,United Kingdom,Male,Gurdon Institute,Cambridge,United Kingdom,,,
2012,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2012,"""for the discovery that mature cells can be reprogrammed to become pluripotent""",2-Jan,875,Individual,Shinya Yamanaka,9/4/1962,Osaka,Japan,Male,Kyoto University,Kyoto,Japan,,,
2012,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2012,"""for the discovery that mature cells can be reprogrammed to become pluripotent""",2-Jan,875,Individual,Shinya Yamanaka,9/4/1962,Osaka,Japan,Male,Gladstone Institutes,"San Francisco, CA",United States of America,,,
2012,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 2012,"""for over six decades contributed to the advancement of peace and reconciliation, democracy and human rights in Europe""",1-Jan,881,Organization,European Union (EU),,,,,,,,,,
2012,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 2012,"""for ground-breaking experimental methods that enable measuring and manipulation of individual quantum systems""",2-Jan,876,Individual,Serge Haroche,9/11/1944,Casablanca,Morocco,Male,Collège de France,Paris,France,,,
2012,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 2012,"""for ground-breaking experimental methods that enable measuring and manipulation of individual quantum systems""",2-Jan,876,Individual,Serge Haroche,9/11/1944,Casablanca,Morocco,Male,École Normale Supérieure,Paris,France,,,
2012,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 2012,"""for ground-breaking experimental methods that enable measuring and manipulation of individual quantum systems""",2-Jan,877,Individual,David J. Wineland,2/24/1944,"Milwaukee, WI",United States of America,Male,National Institute of Standards and Technology,"Boulder, CO",United States of America,,,
2012,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 2012,"""for ground-breaking experimental methods that enable measuring and manipulation of individual quantum systems""",2-Jan,877,Individual,David J. Wineland,2/24/1944,"Milwaukee, WI",United States of America,Male,University of Colorado,"Boulder, CO",United States of America,,,
2013,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2013,"""for the development of multiscale models for complex chemical systems""",3-Jan,889,Individual,Martin Karplus,3/15/1930,Vienna,Austria,Male,Université de Strasbourg,Strasbourg,France,,,
2013,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2013,"""for the development of multiscale models for complex chemical systems""",3-Jan,889,Individual,Martin Karplus,3/15/1930,Vienna,Austria,Male,Harvard University,"Cambridge, MA",United States of America,,,
2013,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2013,"""for the development of multiscale models for complex chemical systems""",3-Jan,890,Individual,Michael Levitt,5/9/1947,Pretoria,South Africa,Male,Stanford University School of Medicine,"Stanford, CA",United States of America,,,
2013,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2013,"""for the development of multiscale models for complex chemical systems""",3-Jan,891,Individual,Arieh Warshel,11/20/1940,Kibbutz Sde-Nahum,British Mandate of Palestine (Israel),Male,University of Southern California,"Los Angeles, CA",United States of America,,,
2013,Economics,The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 2013,"""for their empirical analysis of asset prices""",3-Jan,894,Individual,Eugene F. Fama,2/14/1939,"Boston, MA",United States of America,Male,University of Chicago,"Chicago, IL",United States of America,,,
2013,Economics,The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 2013,"""for their empirical analysis of asset prices""",3-Jan,895,Individual,Lars Peter Hansen,10/26/1952,"Urbana, IL",United States of America,Male,University of Chicago,"Chicago, IL",United States of America,,,
2013,Economics,The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 2013,"""for their empirical analysis of asset prices""",3-Jan,896,Individual,Robert J. Shiller,3/29/1946,"Detroit, MI",United States of America,Male,Yale University,"New Haven, CT",United States of America,,,
2013,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 2013,"""master of the contemporary short story""",1-Jan,892,Individual,Alice Munro,7/10/1931,Wingham,Canada,Female,,,,,,
2013,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2013,"""for their discoveries of machinery regulating vesicle traffic, a major transport system in our cells""",3-Jan,884,Individual,James E. Rothman,11/3/1950,"Haverhill, MA",United States of America,Male,Yale University,"New Haven, CT",United States of America,,,
2013,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2013,"""for their discoveries of machinery regulating vesicle traffic, a major transport system in our cells""",3-Jan,885,Individual,Randy W. Schekman,12/30/1948,"St. Paul, MN",United States of America,Male,University of California,"Berkeley, CA",United States of America,,,
2013,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2013,"""for their discoveries of machinery regulating vesicle traffic, a major transport system in our cells""",3-Jan,885,Individual,Randy W. Schekman,12/30/1948,"St. Paul, MN",United States of America,Male,Howard Hughes Medical Institute,,,,,
2013,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2013,"""for their discoveries of machinery regulating vesicle traffic, a major transport system in our cells""",3-Jan,886,Individual,Thomas C. Südhof,12/22/1955,Göttingen,Germany,Male,Stanford University,"Stanford, CA",United States of America,,,
2013,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2013,"""for their discoveries of machinery regulating vesicle traffic, a major transport system in our cells""",3-Jan,886,Individual,Thomas C. Südhof,12/22/1955,Göttingen,Germany,Male,Howard Hughes Medical Institute,,,,,
2013,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 2013,"""for its extensive efforts to eliminate chemical weapons""",1-Jan,893,Organization,Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW),,,,,,,,,,
2013,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 2013,"""for the theoretical discovery of a mechanism that contributes to our understanding of the origin of mass of subatomic particles, and which recently was confirmed through the discovery of the predicted fundamental particle, by the ATLAS and CMS experiments at CERN's Large Hadron Collider""",2-Jan,887,Individual,François Englert,11/6/1932,Etterbeek,Belgium,Male,Université Libre de Bruxelles,Brussels,Belgium,,,
2013,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 2013,"""for the theoretical discovery of a mechanism that contributes to our understanding of the origin of mass of subatomic particles, and which recently was confirmed through the discovery of the predicted fundamental particle, by the ATLAS and CMS experiments at CERN's Large Hadron Collider""",2-Jan,888,Individual,Peter W. Higgs,5/29/1929,Newcastle upon Tyne,United Kingdom,Male,University of Edinburgh,Edinburgh,United Kingdom,,,
2014,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2014,"""for the development of super-resolved fluorescence microscopy""",3-Jan,909,Individual,Eric Betzig,1/13/1960,"Ann Arbor, MI",United States of America,Male,"Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute","Ashburn, VA",United States of America,,,
2014,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2014,"""for the development of super-resolved fluorescence microscopy""",3-Jan,910,Individual,Stefan W. Hell,12/23/1962,Arad,Romania,Male,Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry,Göttingen,Germany,,,
2014,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2014,"""for the development of super-resolved fluorescence microscopy""",3-Jan,910,Individual,Stefan W. Hell,12/23/1962,Arad,Romania,Male,German Cancer Research Center,Heidelberg,Germany,,,
2014,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2014,"""for the development of super-resolved fluorescence microscopy""",3-Jan,911,Individual,William E. Moerner,6/24/1953,"Pleasanton, CA",United States of America,Male,Stanford University,"Stanford, CA",United States of America,,,
2014,Economics,The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 2014,"""for his analysis of market power and regulation""",1-Jan,915,Individual,Jean Tirole,8/9/1953,Troyes,France,Male,Toulouse School of Economics (TSE),Toulouse,France,,,
2014,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 2014,"""for the art of memory with which he has evoked the most ungraspable human destinies and uncovered the life-world of the occupation""",1-Jan,912,Individual,Patrick Modiano,7/30/1945,Paris,France,Male,,,,,,
2014,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2014,"""for their discoveries of cells that constitute a positioning system in the brain""",2-Jan,903,Individual,John O'Keefe,11/18/1939,"New York, NY",United States of America,Male,University College,London,United Kingdom,,,
2014,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2014,"""for their discoveries of cells that constitute a positioning system in the brain""",4-Jan,904,Individual,May-Britt Moser,1/4/1963,Fosnavåg,Norway,Female,Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU),Trondheim,Norway,,,
2014,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2014,"""for their discoveries of cells that constitute a positioning system in the brain""",4-Jan,905,Individual,Edvard I. Moser,4/27/1962,Ålesund,Norway,Male,Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU),Trondheim,Norway,,,
2014,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 2014,"""for their struggle against the suppression of children and young people and for the right of all children to education""",2-Jan,913,Individual,Kailash Satyarthi,1/11/1954,Vidisha,India,Male,,,,,,
2014,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 2014,"""for their struggle against the suppression of children and young people and for the right of all children to education""",2-Jan,914,Individual,Malala Yousafzai,7/12/1997,Mingora,Pakistan,Female,,,,,,
2014,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 2014,"""for the invention of efficient blue light-emitting diodes which has enabled bright and energy-saving white light sources""",3-Jan,906,Individual,Isamu Akasaki,1/30/1929,Chiran,Japan,Male,Meijo University,Nagoya,Japan,,,
2014,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 2014,"""for the invention of efficient blue light-emitting diodes which has enabled bright and energy-saving white light sources""",3-Jan,906,Individual,Isamu Akasaki,1/30/1929,Chiran,Japan,Male,Nagoya University,Nagoya,Japan,,,
2014,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 2014,"""for the invention of efficient blue light-emitting diodes which has enabled bright and energy-saving white light sources""",3-Jan,907,Individual,Hiroshi Amano,9/11/1960,Hamamatsu,Japan,Male,Nagoya University,Nagoya,Japan,,,
2014,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 2014,"""for the invention of efficient blue light-emitting diodes which has enabled bright and energy-saving white light sources""",3-Jan,908,Individual,Shuji Nakamura,5/22/1954,Ikata,Japan,Male,University of California,"Santa Barbara, CA",United States of America,,,
2015,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2015,"""for mechanistic studies of DNA repair""",3-Jan,921,Individual,Tomas Lindahl,1/28/1938,Stockholm,Sweden,Male,Francis Crick Institute,Hertfordshire,United Kingdom,,,
2015,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2015,"""for mechanistic studies of DNA repair""",3-Jan,921,Individual,Tomas Lindahl,1/28/1938,Stockholm,Sweden,Male,Clare Hall Laboratory,Hertfordshire,United Kingdom,,,
2015,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2015,"""for mechanistic studies of DNA repair""",3-Jan,922,Individual,Paul Modrich,6/13/1946,"Raton, NM",United States of America,Male,Howard Hughes Medical Institute,"Durham, NC",United States of America,,,
2015,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2015,"""for mechanistic studies of DNA repair""",3-Jan,922,Individual,Paul Modrich,6/13/1946,"Raton, NM",United States of America,Male,Duke University School of Medicine,"Durham, NC",United States of America,,,
2015,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2015,"""for mechanistic studies of DNA repair""",3-Jan,923,Individual,Aziz Sancar,9/8/1946,Savur,Turkey,Male,University of North Carolina,"Chapel Hill, NC",United States of America,,,
2015,Economics,The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 2015,"""for his analysis of consumption, poverty, and welfare""",1-Jan,926,Individual,Angus Deaton,10/19/1945,Edinburgh,United Kingdom,Male,Princeton University,"Princeton, NJ",United States of America,,,
2015,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 2015,"""for her polyphonic writings, a monument to suffering and courage in our time""",1-Jan,924,Individual,Svetlana Alexievich,5/31/1948,Ivano-Frankivsk,Ukraine,Female,,,,,,
2015,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2015,"""for their discoveries concerning a novel therapy against infections caused by roundworm parasites""",4-Jan,916,Individual,William C. Campbell,6/28/1930,Ramelton,Ireland,Male,Drew University,"Madison, NJ",United States of America,,,
2015,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2015,"""for their discoveries concerning a novel therapy against infections caused by roundworm parasites""",4-Jan,917,Individual,Satoshi Ōmura,7/12/1935,Yamanashi Prefecture,Japan,Male,Kitasato University,Tokyo,Japan,,,
2015,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2015,"""for her discoveries concerning a novel therapy against Malaria""",2-Jan,918,Individual,Youyou Tu,12/30/1930,Zhejiang Ningbo,China,Female,China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Beijing,China,,,
2015,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 2015,"""for its decisive contribution to the building of a pluralistic democracy in Tunisia in the wake of the Jasmine Revolution of 2011""",1-Jan,925,Organization,National Dialogue Quartet,,,,,,,,,,
2015,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 2015,"""for the discovery of neutrino oscillations, which shows that neutrinos have mass""",2-Jan,919,Individual,Takaaki Kajita,3/9/1959,Higashimatsuyama,Japan,Male,University of Tokyo,Kashiwa,Japan,,,
2015,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 2015,"""for the discovery of neutrino oscillations, which shows that neutrinos have mass""",2-Jan,920,Individual,Arthur B. McDonald,8/29/1943,Sydney,Canada,Male,Queen's University,Kingston,Canada,,,
2016,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2016,"""for the design and synthesis of molecular machines""",3-Jan,931,Individual,Jean-Pierre Sauvage,10/21/1944,Paris,France,Male,University of Strasbourg,Strasbourg,France,,,
2016,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2016,"""for the design and synthesis of molecular machines""",3-Jan,932,Individual,Sir J. Fraser Stoddart,5/24/1942,Edinburgh,United Kingdom,Male,Northwestern University,"Evanston, IL",United States of America,,,
2016,Chemistry,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2016,"""for the design and synthesis of molecular machines""",3-Jan,933,Individual,Bernard L. Feringa,5/18/1951,Barger-Compascuum,Netherlands,Male,University of Groningen,Groningen,Netherlands,,,
2016,Economics,The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 2016,"""for their contributions to contract theory""",2-Jan,935,Individual,Oliver Hart,10/9/1948,London,United Kingdom,Male,Harvard University,"Cambridge, MA",United States of America,,,
2016,Economics,The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 2016,"""for their contributions to contract theory""",2-Jan,936,Individual,Bengt Holmström,4/18/1949,Helsinki,Finland,Male,Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT),"Cambridge, MA",United States of America,,,
2016,Literature,The Nobel Prize in Literature 2016,"""for having created new poetic expressions within the great American song tradition""",1-Jan,937,Individual,Bob Dylan,5/24/1941,"Duluth, MN",United States of America,Male,,,,,,
2016,Medicine,The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2016,"""for his discoveries of mechanisms for autophagy""",1-Jan,927,Individual,Yoshinori Ohsumi,2/9/1945,Fukuoka,Japan,Male,Tokyo Institute of Technology,Tokyo,Japan,,,
2016,Peace,The Nobel Peace Prize 2016,"""for his resolute efforts to bring the country's more than 50-year-long civil war to an end""",1-Jan,934,Individual,Juan Manuel Santos,8/10/1951,Bogotá,Colombia,Male,,,,,,
2016,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 2016,"""for theoretical discoveries of topological phase transitions and topological phases of matter""",2-Jan,928,Individual,David J. Thouless,9/21/1934,Bearsden,United Kingdom,Male,University of Washington,"Seattle, WA",United States of America,,,
2016,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 2016,"""for theoretical discoveries of topological phase transitions and topological phases of matter""",4-Jan,929,Individual,F. Duncan M. Haldane,9/14/1951,London,United Kingdom,Male,Princeton University,"Princeton, NJ",United States of America,,,
2016,Physics,The Nobel Prize in Physics 2016,"""for theoretical discoveries of topological phase transitions and topological phases of matter""",4-Jan,930,Individual,J. Michael Kosterlitz,6/22/1943,Aberdeen,United Kingdom,Male,Brown University,"Providence, RI",United States of America,,,
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