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nejraselimovic committed Jun 25, 2024
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5 changes: 5 additions & 0 deletions lorawan/adaptive-data-rate/index.html
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<p>ADR should be enabled whenever an end device has sufficiently stable RF conditions. This means that it can generally be enabled for static devices. If the static end device can determine that RF conditions are unstable (for example, when a car is parked on top of a parking sensor), ADR should (temporarily) be disabled.</p>
<p>Mobile end devices should be able to detect when they are stationary for a longer times, and enable ADR during those times. End devices decide if ADR should be used or not, not the application or the network.</p>
<h2 id="adr-in-the-things-stack">ADR in The Things Stack&nbsp;<a class="header-hash" href="#adr-in-the-things-stack">#</a> </h2>
<div class="notification is-primary is-light has-text-dark">
<h5 class="title is-family-sans-serif has-text-dark mb-1">Info:</h5>
Check <a href="https://www.thethingsindustries.com/docs/reference/adr/#how-adr-works">The Things Stack documentation</a> for more specifics on how ADR works on the The Things Stack.
</div>

<p>To determine the optimal data rate, the network needs some measurements (uplink messages). Currently The Things Stack takes the 20 most recent uplinks, starting at the moment the ADR bit is set. These measurements contains the frame counter, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and number of gateways that received each uplink. When a device unsets the ADR bit (because it knows it is moving or it knows RF conditions are unstable), previous measurements are discarded. As soon as the ADR bit is set again, the network starts measuring again.</p>
<p>For each of these measurements, we take the SNR of the best gateway, and we calculate the so-called &ldquo;margin&rdquo;, which is the measured SNR minus the required SNR to demodulate a message given the data rate. This margin is used to determine how much we can increase the data rate or lower the transmit power. For example, when the network receives a message with data rate <code>SF12BW125</code> and SNR <code>5.0</code>, that message has a margin of 25 dB. This is a waste of valuable airtime and energy. If we would increase the data rate to <code>SF7BW125</code> we would still have a margin of 12.5 dB, but that would be many times more airtime- and energy efficient. We could even lower the transmit power to save even more energy and cause less interference.</p>
<p>There are a several moments when an ADR request is scheduled or sent:</p>
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7 changes: 6 additions & 1 deletion lorawan/end-device-activation/index.html
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<meta property="og:type" content="article" />
<meta property="og:url" content="https://www.thethingsnetwork.org/docs/lorawan/end-device-activation/" /><meta property="og:image" content="https://www.thethingsnetwork.org/docs/otaa-1.1.png" /><meta property="article:section" content="lorawan" />

<meta property="article:modified_time" content="2021-11-26T12:49:47+01:00" /><meta property="og:site_name" content="The Things Network" />
<meta property="article:modified_time" content="2024-06-25T19:49:09+02:00" /><meta property="og:site_name" content="The Things Network" />



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<li><strong>Activation By Personalization (ABP)</strong> - requires hardcoding the device address as well as the security keys in the device. ABP is <strong>less secure</strong> than OTAA and also has the downside that devices can not switch network providers without manually changing keys in the device.</li>
</ul>
<p>The join procedure for LoRaWAN 1.0.x and 1.1 is slightly different. The following two sections describe the join procedure for LoRaWAN 1.0.x and 1.1 separately.</p>
<div class="notification is-primary is-light has-text-dark">
<h5 class="title is-family-sans-serif has-text-dark mb-1">Info:</h5>
For more information on the differences between OTAA and ABP, check the <a href="https://www.thethingsindustries.com/docs/the-things-stack/concepts/data-formats/">The Things Stack documentation</a>.
</div>

<h2 id="over-the-air-activation-in-lorawan-10x">Over The Air Activation in LoRaWAN 1.0.x&nbsp;<a class="header-hash" href="#over-the-air-activation-in-lorawan-10x">#</a> </h2>
<p>In LoRaWAN 1.0.x, the join procedure requires two MAC messages to be exchanged between the end device and the Network Server:</p>
<ul>
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15 changes: 10 additions & 5 deletions lorawan/message-types/index.html
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<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://ttui.thethingsindustries.com/release/1.7.4/main.css" />

<meta property="og:title" content="Message Types" />
<meta property="og:description" content="In this chapter, you will learn about different message types used in LoRaWAN 1.0.x and 1.1. These message types are used to transport MAC commands and application data. The Things Fundamentals Certification exam expects you should have basic knowledge on the following topics with regards to the message types:
Uplink and downlink messages. MAC Message types and their uses. Sending MAC commands in the FOpts field. Sending MAC commands and application data in the FRMPayload field." />
<meta property="og:description" content="Info: For information on The Things Stack specific data formats, check The Things Stack documentation. In this chapter, you will learn about different message types used in LoRaWAN 1.0.x and 1.1. These message types are used to transport MAC commands and application data. The Things Fundamentals Certification exam expects you should have basic knowledge on the following topics with regards to the message types:
Uplink and downlink messages. MAC Message types and their uses." />
<meta property="og:type" content="article" />
<meta property="og:url" content="https://www.thethingsnetwork.org/docs/lorawan/message-types/" /><meta property="og:image" content="https://www.thethingsnetwork.org/docs/payload.png" /><meta property="article:section" content="lorawan" />

<meta property="article:modified_time" content="2021-12-13T21:03:01+05:30" /><meta property="og:site_name" content="The Things Network" />
<meta property="article:modified_time" content="2024-06-25T19:49:09+02:00" /><meta property="og:site_name" content="The Things Network" />



<meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"/>
<meta name="twitter:image" content="https://www.thethingsnetwork.org/docs/payload.png"/>

<meta name="twitter:title" content="Message Types"/>
<meta name="twitter:description" content="In this chapter, you will learn about different message types used in LoRaWAN 1.0.x and 1.1. These message types are used to transport MAC commands and application data. The Things Fundamentals Certification exam expects you should have basic knowledge on the following topics with regards to the message types:
Uplink and downlink messages. MAC Message types and their uses. Sending MAC commands in the FOpts field. Sending MAC commands and application data in the FRMPayload field."/>
<meta name="twitter:description" content="Info: For information on The Things Stack specific data formats, check The Things Stack documentation. In this chapter, you will learn about different message types used in LoRaWAN 1.0.x and 1.1. These message types are used to transport MAC commands and application data. The Things Fundamentals Certification exam expects you should have basic knowledge on the following topics with regards to the message types:
Uplink and downlink messages. MAC Message types and their uses."/>


</head>
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<div class="content">

<div class="notification is-primary is-light has-text-dark">
<h5 class="title is-family-sans-serif has-text-dark mb-1">Info:</h5>
For information on The Things Stack specific data formats, check <a href="https://www.thethingsindustries.com/docs/the-things-stack/concepts/data-formats/">The Things Stack documentation</a>.
</div>

<p>In this chapter, you will learn about different message types used in LoRaWAN 1.0.x and 1.1. These message types are used to transport MAC commands and application data. The Things Fundamentals Certification exam expects you should have basic knowledge on the following topics with regards to the message types:</p>
<ul>
<li>Uplink and downlink messages.</li>
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5 changes: 5 additions & 0 deletions lorawan/regional-parameters/index.html
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</h1>
<div class="content">

<div class="notification is-primary is-light has-text-dark">
<h5 class="title is-family-sans-serif has-text-dark mb-1">Info:</h5>
For information on the specific versions of the Regional Parameters check <a href="https://www.thethingsindustries.com/docs/the-things-stack/concepts/spec-regional-parameters/">The Things Stack documentation</a>.
</div>

<p>LoRaWAN operates in unlicensed radio spectrum. This means that anyone can use the radio frequencies without having to pay million dollar fees for transmission rights. It is similar to WiFi, which uses the 2.4GHz and 5GHz ISM bands worldwide. Anyone is allowed to set up WiFi routers and transmit WiFi signals without the need for a license or permit.</p>
<p>LoRaWAN uses lower radio frequencies with a longer range. The fact that frequencies have a longer range also comes with more restrictions, that are often country-specific. This poses a challenge for LoRaWAN, as it strives to maintain uniformity across various regions of the world. As a result, LoRaWAN is specified for several bands within these regions. These bands are similar enough to support a region-agnostic protocol but entail various consequences for the implementation of backend systems.</p>
<ul>
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8 changes: 4 additions & 4 deletions sitemap.xml
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<lastmod>2021-12-14T10:29:40+05:30</lastmod>
</url><url>
<loc>https://www.thethingsnetwork.org/docs/lorawan/regional-parameters/</loc>
<lastmod>2023-11-26T22:38:54+05:30</lastmod>
<lastmod>2024-06-25T19:49:09+02:00</lastmod>
</url><url>
<loc>https://www.thethingsnetwork.org/docs/lorawan/lorawan-relay/</loc>
<lastmod>2024-03-10T22:54:31+05:30</lastmod>
</url><url>
<loc>https://www.thethingsnetwork.org/docs/lorawan/message-types/</loc>
<lastmod>2021-12-13T21:03:01+05:30</lastmod>
<lastmod>2024-06-25T19:49:09+02:00</lastmod>
</url><url>
<loc>https://www.thethingsnetwork.org/docs/applications/aws/update/</loc>
<lastmod>2021-03-23T18:56:43+01:00</lastmod>
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<lastmod>2023-07-15T15:00:11+05:30</lastmod>
</url><url>
<loc>https://www.thethingsnetwork.org/docs/lorawan/end-device-activation/</loc>
<lastmod>2021-11-26T12:49:47+01:00</lastmod>
<lastmod>2024-06-25T19:49:09+02:00</lastmod>
</url><url>
<loc>https://www.thethingsnetwork.org/docs/lorawan/spreading-factors/</loc>
<lastmod>2021-11-26T12:49:47+01:00</lastmod>
</url><url>
<loc>https://www.thethingsnetwork.org/docs/lorawan/adaptive-data-rate/</loc>
<lastmod>2021-05-03T17:05:08+03:00</lastmod>
<lastmod>2024-06-25T19:49:09+02:00</lastmod>
</url><url>
<loc>https://www.thethingsnetwork.org/docs/lorawan/limitations/</loc>
<lastmod>2021-04-21T13:42:27+05:45</lastmod>
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