diff --git a/.ci/test-coverage.yml b/.ci/test-coverage.yml
index 68fff35f693..6cd442850b3 100644
--- a/.ci/test-coverage.yml
+++ b/.ci/test-coverage.yml
@@ -755,6 +755,91 @@ jobs:
     - name: codecov
       run: ./codecov -t ${{settings.CODECOV_TOKEN.access_token}} -C ${{ ci.sha }} -B ${{ ci.head_ref }} -f build/lcov.info
 
+  linux-gcc-riscv64:
+    name: linux-gcc-riscv64
+    strategy:
+      matrix:
+        OPENMP: ['OFF', 'ON']
+
+    runs-on:
+      pool-name: docker
+      container:
+        image: bkci/ci:ubuntu
+    steps:
+    - name: checkout
+      checkout: self
+      with:
+        strategy: FRESH_CHECKOUT
+        enableSubmodule: false
+        enableGitLfs: false
+
+    - name: install-deps
+      run: |
+        apt-get update
+        apt-get install -y lcov g++-riscv64-linux-gnu libcapstone4 libglib2.0-0
+        curl https://uploader.codecov.io/verification.gpg | gpg --no-default-keyring --keyring trustedkeys.gpg --import
+        curl -Os https://uploader.codecov.io/latest/linux/codecov
+        curl -Os https://uploader.codecov.io/latest/linux/codecov.SHA256SUM
+        curl -Os https://uploader.codecov.io/latest/linux/codecov.SHA256SUM.sig
+        gpgv codecov.SHA256SUM.sig codecov.SHA256SUM
+        shasum -a 256 -c codecov.SHA256SUM
+        chmod +x codecov
+
+    - name: cache-qemu
+      id: cache-qemu
+      uses: cache@1.*
+      with:
+        cachePaths: qemu-install
+        cacheKey: qemu-riscv64-install-20230624-1
+
+    - name: checkout-qemu
+      if: steps.cache-qemu.outputs.cacheHit != 'true'
+      checkout: https://github.com/qemu/qemu.git
+      with:
+        pullType: COMMIT_ID
+        refName: b455ce4c2f300c8ba47cba7232dd03261368a4cb
+        localPath: qemu
+        enableSubmodule: false
+        enableGitLfs: false
+
+    - name: qemu
+      if: steps.cache-qemu.outputs.cacheHit != 'true'
+      run: |
+        echo 'deb-src http://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/debian bullseye main' | tee -a /etc/apt/sources.list
+        echo 'deb-src http://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/debian bullseye-updates main' | tee -a /etc/apt/sources.list
+        apt-get update
+        apt-get build-dep -y qemu
+        apt-get install -y python3-pip
+        python3 -m pip install --upgrade pip
+        apt-get remove -y python3-setuptools
+        pip3 install -U setuptools
+        cd qemu
+        wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nihui/ncnn-assets/master/qemu-patches/0007-linux-user-Expose-risc-v-V-isa-bit-in-get_elf_hwcap.patch
+        patch -p1 -i 0007-linux-user-Expose-risc-v-V-isa-bit-in-get_elf_hwcap.patch
+        ./configure --prefix=${{ci.workspace}}/qemu-install --target-list=riscv64-linux-user --disable-system
+        make -j$(nproc)
+        make install
+
+    - name: build
+      run: |
+        mkdir build && cd build
+        cmake -DCMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE=../toolchains/riscv64-linux-gnu.toolchain.cmake -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=debug -DNCNN_COVERAGE=ON -DNCNN_RUNTIME_CPU=OFF -DNCNN_OPENMP=${{matrix.OPENMP}} -DNCNN_BUILD_TOOLS=OFF -DNCNN_BUILD_EXAMPLES=OFF -DNCNN_BUILD_TESTS=ON ..
+        cmake --build . -j 4
+    - name: test
+      run: |
+        export PATH=${{ci.workspace}}/qemu-install/bin:$PATH
+        cd build
+        TESTS_EXECUTABLE_LOADER=qemu-riscv64 TESTS_EXECUTABLE_LOADER_ARGUMENTS="-L;/usr/riscv64-linux-gnu" ctest --output-on-failure -j 4
+    - name: lcov-collect
+      run: |
+        cd build
+        lcov -d ./src -c -o lcov.info
+        lcov -r lcov.info '/usr/*' -o lcov.info
+        lcov -r lcov.info '*/build/*' -o lcov.info
+        lcov --list lcov.info
+    - name: codecov
+      run: ./codecov -t ${{settings.CODECOV_TOKEN.access_token}} -C ${{ ci.sha }} -B ${{ ci.head_ref }} -f build/lcov.info
+
   linux-gcc-loongarch64:
     name: linux-gcc-loongarch64
     strategy:
diff --git a/.github/workflows/test-coverage.yml b/.github/workflows/test-coverage.yml
index 8f61016b247..cfb8dd7f954 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/test-coverage.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/test-coverage.yml
@@ -146,11 +146,10 @@ jobs:
         token: ${{ secrets.CODECOV_TOKEN }}
         file: build-avx512-spr/lcov.info
 
-  linux-gcc-riscv64:
+  linux-gcc-riscv64-rvv:
     strategy:
       matrix:
         openmp: [ON, OFF]
-        rvv: [ON, OFF]
     runs-on: [self-hosted, linux, ubuntu]
     steps:
     - uses: actions/checkout@v4
@@ -159,7 +158,7 @@ jobs:
         export RISCV_ROOT_PATH=/data/action/osd/riscv
         mkdir build
         cd build
-        cmake -DCMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE=../toolchains/riscv64-unknown-linux-gnu.toolchain.cmake -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=debug -DNCNN_COVERAGE=ON -DNCNN_RUNTIME_CPU=OFF -DNCNN_RVV=${{ matrix.rvv }} -DNCNN_ZFH=${{ matrix.rvv }} -DNCNN_ZVFH=${{ matrix.rvv }} -DNCNN_OPENMP=${{ matrix.openmp }} -DNCNN_BUILD_TOOLS=OFF -DNCNN_BUILD_EXAMPLES=OFF -DNCNN_BUILD_TESTS=ON -DCMAKE_C_FLAGS="-O1" -DCMAKE_CXX_FLAGS="-O1" ..
+        cmake -DCMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE=../toolchains/riscv64-unknown-linux-gnu.toolchain.cmake -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=debug -DNCNN_COVERAGE=ON -DNCNN_RUNTIME_CPU=OFF -DNCNN_RVV=ON -DNCNN_ZFH=ON -DNCNN_ZVFH=ON -DNCNN_OPENMP=${{ matrix.openmp }} -DNCNN_BUILD_TOOLS=OFF -DNCNN_BUILD_EXAMPLES=OFF -DNCNN_BUILD_TESTS=ON -DCMAKE_C_FLAGS="-O1" -DCMAKE_CXX_FLAGS="-O1" ..
         cmake --build . -j 8
 
     - name: test-vlen256