diff --git a/Android/MMKV/mmkv/src/main/cpp/flutter-bridge.cpp b/Android/MMKV/mmkv/src/main/cpp/flutter-bridge.cpp
index df3ff97a..ea1c364d 100644
--- a/Android/MMKV/mmkv/src/main/cpp/flutter-bridge.cpp
+++ b/Android/MMKV/mmkv/src/main/cpp/flutter-bridge.cpp
@@ -566,4 +566,20 @@ MMKV_EXPORT bool removeStorage(const char *mmapID, const char *rootPath) {
     return MMKV::removeStorage(mmapID, nullptr);
 }
 
+MMKV_EXPORT bool isMultiProcess(void *handle) {
+    MMKV *kv = static_cast<MMKV *>(handle);
+    if (kv) {
+        return kv->isMultiProcess();
+    }
+    return false;
+}
+
+MMKV_EXPORT bool isReadOnly(void *handle) {
+    MMKV *kv = static_cast<MMKV *>(handle);
+    if (kv) {
+        return kv->isReadOnly();
+    }
+    return false;
+}
+
 #endif // MMKV_DISABLE_FLUTTER
diff --git a/Android/MMKV/mmkv/src/main/cpp/native-bridge.cpp b/Android/MMKV/mmkv/src/main/cpp/native-bridge.cpp
index a1b5ddae..cd47561b 100644
--- a/Android/MMKV/mmkv/src/main/cpp/native-bridge.cpp
+++ b/Android/MMKV/mmkv/src/main/cpp/native-bridge.cpp
@@ -1064,6 +1064,22 @@ MMKV_JNI void clearAllWithKeepingSpace(JNIEnv *env, jobject instance) {
     }
 }
 
+MMKV_JNI jboolean isMultiProcess(JNIEnv *env, jobject instance) {
+    MMKV *kv = getMMKV(env, instance);
+    if (kv) {
+        return (jboolean) kv->isMultiProcess();
+    }
+    return jboolean(false);
+}
+
+MMKV_JNI jboolean isReadOnly(JNIEnv *env, jobject instance) {
+    MMKV *kv = getMMKV(env, instance);
+    if (kv) {
+        return (jboolean) kv->isReadOnly();
+    }
+    return jboolean(false);
+}
+
 } // namespace mmkv
 
 static JNINativeMethod g_methods[] = {
@@ -1146,6 +1162,8 @@ static JNINativeMethod g_methods[] = {
     {"isEncryptionEnabled", "()Z", (void *) mmkv::isEncryptionEnabled},
     {"isExpirationEnabled", "()Z", (void *) mmkv::isExpirationEnabled},
     {"clearAllWithKeepingSpace", "()V", (void *) mmkv::clearAllWithKeepingSpace},
+    {"isMultiProcess", "()Z", (void *) mmkv::isMultiProcess},
+    {"isReadOnly", "()Z", (void *) mmkv::isReadOnly},
 };
 
 static int registerNativeMethods(JNIEnv *env, jclass cls) {
diff --git a/Android/MMKV/mmkv/src/main/java/com/tencent/mmkv/MMKV.java b/Android/MMKV/mmkv/src/main/java/com/tencent/mmkv/MMKV.java
index 1c8a2274..14b85e93 100644
--- a/Android/MMKV/mmkv/src/main/java/com/tencent/mmkv/MMKV.java
+++ b/Android/MMKV/mmkv/src/main/java/com/tencent/mmkv/MMKV.java
@@ -334,6 +334,11 @@ public static void setLogLevel(MMKVLogLevel level) {
 
     static private final int BACKUP_MODE = 1 << 4;
 
+    /**
+     * Read-only mode.
+     */
+    static public final int READ_ONLY_MODE = 1 << 5;
+
     /**
      * Create an MMKV instance with an unique ID (in single-process mode).
      *
@@ -1646,6 +1651,16 @@ private static void onContentChangedByOuterProcess(String mmapID) {
      */
     public native void checkContentChangedByOuterProcess();
 
+    /**
+     * Check if this instance is in multi-process mode.
+     */
+    public native boolean isMultiProcess();
+
+    /**
+     * Check if this instance is in read-only mode.
+     */
+    public native boolean isReadOnly();
+
     // jni
     private final long nativeHandle;
 
diff --git a/Android/MMKV/mmkvdemo/build.gradle b/Android/MMKV/mmkvdemo/build.gradle
index 61521fe0..012b992c 100644
--- a/Android/MMKV/mmkvdemo/build.gradle
+++ b/Android/MMKV/mmkvdemo/build.gradle
@@ -77,9 +77,9 @@ repositories {
 dependencies {
     implementation fileTree(include: ['*.jar'], dir: 'libs')
     implementation project(':mmkv')
-//    implementation 'com.tencent:mmkv:1.3.9'
-//    implementation 'com.tencent:mmkv-static:1.3.9' // this is identical to 'com.tencent:mmkv'
-//    implementation 'com.tencent:mmkv-shared:1.3.9'
+//    implementation 'com.tencent:mmkv:2.0.0'
+//    implementation 'com.tencent:mmkv-static:2.0.0' // this is identical to 'com.tencent:mmkv'
+//    implementation 'com.tencent:mmkv-shared:2.0.0'
     implementation 'androidx.appcompat:appcompat:1.6.1'
     implementation 'androidx.constraintlayout:constraintlayout:2.1.4'
     testImplementation 'junit:junit:4.13.2'
diff --git a/Android/MMKV/mmkvdemo/src/main/java/com/tencent/mmkvdemo/MainActivity.java b/Android/MMKV/mmkvdemo/src/main/java/com/tencent/mmkvdemo/MainActivity.java
index 736e2f23..859ab889 100644
--- a/Android/MMKV/mmkvdemo/src/main/java/com/tencent/mmkvdemo/MainActivity.java
+++ b/Android/MMKV/mmkvdemo/src/main/java/com/tencent/mmkvdemo/MainActivity.java
@@ -131,6 +131,7 @@ public void onClick(View v) {
 //        testFastNativeSpeed();
         testRemoveStorage();
         overrideTest();
+        testReadOnly();
     }
 
     private void testCompareBeforeSet() {
@@ -212,7 +213,12 @@ private void testInterProcessLogic() {
     private MMKV testMMKV(String mmapID, String cryptKey, boolean decodeOnly, String rootPath) {
         //MMKV kv = MMKV.defaultMMKV();
         MMKV kv = MMKV.mmkvWithID(mmapID, MMKV.SINGLE_PROCESS_MODE, cryptKey, rootPath);
+        testMMKV(kv, decodeOnly);
+        Log.i("MMKV", "isFileValid[" + kv.mmapID() + "]: " + MMKV.isFileValid(kv.mmapID(), rootPath));
+        return kv;
+    }
 
+    private void testMMKV(MMKV kv, boolean decodeOnly) {
         if (!decodeOnly) {
             kv.encode("bool", true);
         }
@@ -291,9 +297,6 @@ private MMKV testMMKV(String mmapID, String cryptKey, boolean decodeOnly, String
         //kv.clearAll();
         kv.clearMemoryCache();
         Log.i("MMKV", "allKeys: " + Arrays.toString(kv.allKeys()));
-        Log.i("MMKV", "isFileValid[" + kv.mmapID() + "]: " + MMKV.isFileValid(kv.mmapID(), rootPath));
-
-        return kv;
     }
 
     private void testImportSharedPreferences() {
@@ -915,4 +918,29 @@ private void encryptionTestKV(String key, String value) {
         }
         mmkv0.removeValueForKey(key);
     }
+
+    private void testReadOnly() {
+        final String name = "testReadOnly";
+        final String key = "readonly+key";
+        {
+            MMKV kv = MMKV.mmkvWithID(name, MMKV.SINGLE_PROCESS_MODE, key);
+            testMMKV(kv, false);
+            kv.close();
+        }
+
+        String path = MMKV.getRootDir() + "/" + name;
+        File file = new File(path);
+        file.setReadOnly();
+        File crcFile = new File(path + ".crc");
+        crcFile.setReadOnly();
+
+        MMKV kv = MMKV.mmkvWithID(name, MMKV.SINGLE_PROCESS_MODE | MMKV.READ_ONLY_MODE, key);
+        testMMKV(kv, true);
+
+        // also check if it tolerate update operations without crash
+        testMMKV(kv, false);
+
+        file.setWritable(true);
+        crcFile.setWritable(true);
+    }
 }
diff --git a/Core/MMKV.cpp b/Core/MMKV.cpp
index 1f1d73d9..443a43b3 100644
--- a/Core/MMKV.cpp
+++ b/Core/MMKV.cpp
@@ -80,20 +80,21 @@ MMKVPath_t filename(const MMKVPath_t &path);
 #ifndef MMKV_ANDROID
 MMKV::MMKV(const string &mmapID, MMKVMode mode, string *cryptKey, MMKVPath_t *rootPath, size_t expectedCapacity)
     : m_mmapID(mmapID)
+    , m_mode(mode)
     , m_path(mappedKVPathWithID(m_mmapID, mode, rootPath))
     , m_crcPath(crcPathWithID(m_mmapID, mode, rootPath))
     , m_dic(nullptr)
     , m_dicCrypt(nullptr)
     , m_expectedCapacity(std::max<size_t>(DEFAULT_MMAP_SIZE, roundUp<size_t>(expectedCapacity, DEFAULT_MMAP_SIZE)))
-    , m_file(new MemoryFile(m_path, m_expectedCapacity))
-    , m_metaFile(new MemoryFile(m_crcPath))
+    , m_file(new MemoryFile(m_path, m_expectedCapacity, isReadOnly()))
+    , m_metaFile(new MemoryFile(m_crcPath, 0, isReadOnly()))
     , m_metaInfo(new MMKVMetaInfo())
     , m_crypter(nullptr)
     , m_lock(new ThreadLock())
     , m_fileLock(new FileLock(m_metaFile->getFd()))
     , m_sharedProcessLock(new InterProcessLock(m_fileLock, SharedLockType))
     , m_exclusiveProcessLock(new InterProcessLock(m_fileLock, ExclusiveLockType))
-    , m_isInterProcess((mode & MMKV_MULTI_PROCESS) != 0) {
+{
     m_actualSize = 0;
     m_output = nullptr;
 
@@ -114,8 +115,8 @@ MMKV::MMKV(const string &mmapID, MMKVMode mode, string *cryptKey, MMKVPath_t *ro
     m_crcDigest = 0;
 
     m_lock->initialize();
-    m_sharedProcessLock->m_enable = m_isInterProcess;
-    m_exclusiveProcessLock->m_enable = m_isInterProcess;
+    m_sharedProcessLock->m_enable = isMultiProcess();
+    m_exclusiveProcessLock->m_enable = isMultiProcess();
 
     // sensitive zone
     /*{
@@ -1094,15 +1095,19 @@ size_t MMKV::actualSize() {
     return m_actualSize;
 }
 
-void MMKV::removeValueForKey(MMKVKey_t key) {
+bool MMKV::removeValueForKey(MMKVKey_t key) {
     if (isKeyEmpty(key)) {
-        return;
+        return false;
+    }
+    if (isReadOnly()) {
+        MMKVWarning("[%s] file readonly", m_mmapID.c_str());
+        return false;
     }
     SCOPED_LOCK(m_lock);
     SCOPED_LOCK(m_exclusiveProcessLock);
     checkLoadData();
 
-    removeDataForKey(key);
+    return removeDataForKey(key);
 }
 
 #ifndef MMKV_APPLE
@@ -1129,9 +1134,13 @@ vector<string> MMKV::allKeys(bool filterExpire) {
     return keys;
 }
 
-void MMKV::removeValuesForKeys(const vector<string> &arrKeys) {
+bool MMKV::removeValuesForKeys(const vector<string> &arrKeys) {
+    if (isReadOnly()) {
+        MMKVWarning("[%s] file readonly", m_mmapID.c_str());
+        return false;
+    }
     if (arrKeys.empty()) {
-        return;
+        return true;
     }
     if (arrKeys.size() == 1) {
         return removeValueForKey(arrKeys[0]);
@@ -1162,8 +1171,9 @@ void MMKV::removeValuesForKeys(const vector<string> &arrKeys) {
     if (deleteCount > 0) {
         m_hasFullWriteback = false;
 
-        fullWriteback();
+        return fullWriteback();
     }
+    return true;
 }
 
 #endif // MMKV_APPLE
@@ -1447,7 +1457,7 @@ bool MMKV::restoreOneFromDirectory(const string &mmapKey, const MMKVPath_t &srcP
         // reload data after restore
         kv->clearMemoryCache();
         kv->loadFromFile();
-        if (kv->m_isInterProcess) {
+        if (kv->isMultiProcess()) {
             kv->notifyContentChanged();
         }
 
diff --git a/Core/MMKV.h b/Core/MMKV.h
index 20683da6..c031fec8 100644
--- a/Core/MMKV.h
+++ b/Core/MMKV.h
@@ -58,8 +58,13 @@ enum MMKVMode : uint32_t {
     MMKV_ASHMEM = 1 << 3,
     MMKV_BACKUP = 1 << 4,
 #endif
+    MMKV_READ_ONLY = 1 << 5,
 };
 
+static inline MMKVMode operator | (MMKVMode one, MMKVMode other) {
+    return static_cast<MMKVMode>(static_cast<uint32_t>(one) | static_cast<uint32_t>(other));
+}
+
 #define MMKV_OUT
 
 #ifdef MMKV_HAS_CPP20
@@ -105,6 +110,7 @@ class MMKV {
     ~MMKV();
 
     std::string m_mmapID;
+    const MMKVMode m_mode;
     MMKVPath_t m_path;
     MMKVPath_t m_crcPath;
     mmkv::MMKVMap *m_dic;
@@ -281,8 +287,16 @@ class MMKV {
     static void onExit();
 
     const std::string &mmapID() const;
-
-    const bool m_isInterProcess;
+#ifndef MMKV_ANDROID
+    bool isMultiProcess() const { return  (m_mode & MMKV_MULTI_PROCESS) != 0; }
+#else
+    bool isMultiProcess() const {
+        return (m_mode & MMKV_MULTI_PROCESS) != 0
+            || (m_mode & CONTEXT_MODE_MULTI_PROCESS) != 0
+            || (m_mode & MMKV_ASHMEM) != 0; // ashmem is always multi-process
+    }
+#endif
+    bool isReadOnly() const { return (m_mode & MMKV_READ_ONLY) != 0; }
 
 #ifndef MMKV_DISABLE_CRYPT
     std::string cryptKey() const;
@@ -428,7 +442,7 @@ class MMKV {
     // filterExpire: return all non-expired keys, keep in mind it comes with cost
     NSArray *allKeys(bool filterExpire = false);
 
-    void removeValuesForKeys(NSArray *arrKeys);
+    bool removeValuesForKeys(NSArray *arrKeys);
 
     typedef void (^EnumerateBlock)(NSString *key, BOOL *stop);
     void enumerateKeys(EnumerateBlock block);
@@ -441,10 +455,10 @@ class MMKV {
     // filterExpire: return all non-expired keys, keep in mind it comes with cost
     std::vector<std::string> allKeys(bool filterExpire = false);
 
-    void removeValuesForKeys(const std::vector<std::string> &arrKeys);
+    bool removeValuesForKeys(const std::vector<std::string> &arrKeys);
 #endif // MMKV_APPLE
 
-    void removeValueForKey(MMKVKey_t key);
+    bool removeValueForKey(MMKVKey_t key);
 
     // keepSpace: remove all keys but keep the file size not changed, running faster
     void clearAll(bool keepSpace = false);
diff --git a/Core/MMKV_Android.cpp b/Core/MMKV_Android.cpp
index c3cd94f6..2d213d72 100644
--- a/Core/MMKV_Android.cpp
+++ b/Core/MMKV_Android.cpp
@@ -41,20 +41,20 @@ extern ThreadLock *g_instanceLock;
 
 MMKV::MMKV(const string &mmapID, int size, MMKVMode mode, string *cryptKey, string *rootPath, size_t expectedCapacity)
     : m_mmapID((mode & MMKV_BACKUP) ? mmapID : mmapedKVKey(mmapID, rootPath)) // historically Android mistakenly use mmapKey as mmapID
+    , m_mode(mode)
     , m_path(mappedKVPathWithID(m_mmapID, mode, rootPath))
     , m_crcPath(crcPathWithID(m_mmapID, mode, rootPath))
     , m_dic(nullptr)
     , m_dicCrypt(nullptr)
     , m_expectedCapacity(std::max<size_t>(DEFAULT_MMAP_SIZE, roundUp<size_t>(expectedCapacity, DEFAULT_MMAP_SIZE)))
-    , m_file(new MemoryFile(m_path, size, (mode & MMKV_ASHMEM) ? MMFILE_TYPE_ASHMEM : MMFILE_TYPE_FILE, m_expectedCapacity))
-    , m_metaFile(new MemoryFile(m_crcPath, DEFAULT_MMAP_SIZE, m_file->m_fileType))
+    , m_file(new MemoryFile(m_path, size, (mode & MMKV_ASHMEM) ? MMFILE_TYPE_ASHMEM : MMFILE_TYPE_FILE, m_expectedCapacity, isReadOnly()))
+    , m_metaFile(new MemoryFile(m_crcPath, DEFAULT_MMAP_SIZE, m_file->m_fileType, 0, isReadOnly()))
     , m_metaInfo(new MMKVMetaInfo())
     , m_crypter(nullptr)
     , m_lock(new ThreadLock())
     , m_fileLock(new FileLock(m_metaFile->getFd(), (mode & MMKV_ASHMEM)))
     , m_sharedProcessLock(new InterProcessLock(m_fileLock, SharedLockType))
-    , m_exclusiveProcessLock(new InterProcessLock(m_fileLock, ExclusiveLockType))
-    , m_isInterProcess((mode & MMKV_MULTI_PROCESS) != 0 || (mode & CONTEXT_MODE_MULTI_PROCESS) != 0) {
+    , m_exclusiveProcessLock(new InterProcessLock(m_fileLock, ExclusiveLockType)) {
     m_actualSize = 0;
     m_output = nullptr;
 
@@ -78,8 +78,8 @@ MMKV::MMKV(const string &mmapID, int size, MMKVMode mode, string *cryptKey, stri
 
     m_crcDigest = 0;
 
-    m_sharedProcessLock->m_enable = m_isInterProcess;
-    m_exclusiveProcessLock->m_enable = m_isInterProcess;
+    m_sharedProcessLock->m_enable = isMultiProcess();
+    m_exclusiveProcessLock->m_enable = isMultiProcess();
 
     // sensitive zone
     /*{
@@ -90,6 +90,7 @@ MMKV::MMKV(const string &mmapID, int size, MMKVMode mode, string *cryptKey, stri
 
 MMKV::MMKV(const string &mmapID, int ashmemFD, int ashmemMetaFD, string *cryptKey)
     : m_mmapID(mmapID)
+    , m_mode(MMKV_ASHMEM)
     , m_path(mappedKVPathWithID(m_mmapID, MMKV_ASHMEM, nullptr))
     , m_crcPath(crcPathWithID(m_mmapID, MMKV_ASHMEM, nullptr))
     , m_dic(nullptr)
@@ -101,8 +102,7 @@ MMKV::MMKV(const string &mmapID, int ashmemFD, int ashmemMetaFD, string *cryptKe
     , m_lock(new ThreadLock())
     , m_fileLock(new FileLock(m_metaFile->getFd(), true))
     , m_sharedProcessLock(new InterProcessLock(m_fileLock, SharedLockType))
-    , m_exclusiveProcessLock(new InterProcessLock(m_fileLock, ExclusiveLockType))
-    , m_isInterProcess(true) {
+    , m_exclusiveProcessLock(new InterProcessLock(m_fileLock, ExclusiveLockType)) {
 
     m_actualSize = 0;
     m_output = nullptr;
@@ -127,8 +127,8 @@ MMKV::MMKV(const string &mmapID, int ashmemFD, int ashmemMetaFD, string *cryptKe
 
     m_crcDigest = 0;
 
-    m_sharedProcessLock->m_enable = m_isInterProcess;
-    m_exclusiveProcessLock->m_enable = m_isInterProcess;
+    m_sharedProcessLock->m_enable = true;
+    m_exclusiveProcessLock->m_enable = true;
 
     // sensitive zone
     /*{
@@ -213,7 +213,7 @@ bool MMKV::checkProcessMode() {
         return true;
     }
 
-    if (m_isInterProcess) {
+    if (isMultiProcess()) {
         if (!m_exclusiveProcessModeLock) {
             m_exclusiveProcessModeLock = new InterProcessLock(m_fileModeLock, ExclusiveLockType);
         }
diff --git a/Core/MMKV_IO.cpp b/Core/MMKV_IO.cpp
index dd43c533..1d005b4b 100755
--- a/Core/MMKV_IO.cpp
+++ b/Core/MMKV_IO.cpp
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ void MMKV::loadFromFile() {
         checkDataValid(loadFromFile, needFullWriteback);
         MMKVInfo("loading [%s] with %zu actual size, file size %zu, InterProcess %d, meta info "
                  "version:%u",
-                 m_mmapID.c_str(), m_actualSize, m_file->getFileSize(), m_isInterProcess, m_metaInfo->m_version);
+                 m_mmapID.c_str(), m_actualSize, m_file->getFileSize(), isMultiProcess(), m_metaInfo->m_version);
         auto ptr = (uint8_t *) m_file->getMemory();
         // loading
         if (loadFromFile && m_actualSize > 0) {
@@ -303,7 +303,7 @@ void MMKV::checkLoadData() {
         loadFromFile();
         return;
     }
-    if (!m_isInterProcess) {
+    if (!isMultiProcess()) {
         return;
     }
 
@@ -397,6 +397,10 @@ bool MMKV::ensureMemorySize(size_t newSize) {
         MMKVWarning("[%s] file not valid", m_mmapID.c_str());
         return false;
     }
+    if (isReadOnly()) {
+        MMKVWarning("[%s] file readonly", m_mmapID.c_str());
+        return false;
+    }
 
     if (newSize >= m_output->spaceLeft() || (m_crypter ? m_dicCrypt->empty() : m_dic->empty())) {
         // remove expired keys
@@ -590,7 +594,7 @@ bool MMKV::setDataForKey(MMBuffer &&data, MMKVKey_t key, bool isDataHolder) {
         }
         auto itr = m_dicCrypt->find(key);
         if (itr != m_dicCrypt->end()) {
-            bool onlyOneKey = !m_isInterProcess && m_dicCrypt->size() == 1;
+            bool onlyOneKey = !isMultiProcess() && m_dicCrypt->size() == 1;
 #    ifdef MMKV_APPLE
             KVHolderRet_t ret;
             if (onlyOneKey) {
@@ -629,7 +633,7 @@ bool MMKV::setDataForKey(MMBuffer &&data, MMKVKey_t key, bool isDataHolder) {
                 }
             }
         } else {
-            bool needOverride = !m_isInterProcess && m_dicCrypt->empty() && m_actualSize > 0;
+            bool needOverride = !isMultiProcess() && m_dicCrypt->empty() && m_actualSize > 0;
             KVHolderRet_t ret;
             if (needOverride) {
                 ret = overrideDataWithKey(data, key, isDataHolder);
@@ -681,7 +685,7 @@ bool MMKV::setDataForKey(MMBuffer &&data, MMKVKey_t key, bool isDataHolder) {
                 }
             }
 
-            bool onlyOneKey = !m_isInterProcess && m_dic->size() == 1;
+            bool onlyOneKey = !isMultiProcess() && m_dic->size() == 1;
             if (mmkv_likely(!m_enableKeyExpire)) {
                 KVHolderRet_t ret;
                 if (onlyOneKey) {
@@ -713,7 +717,7 @@ bool MMKV::setDataForKey(MMBuffer &&data, MMKVKey_t key, bool isDataHolder) {
                 }
             }
         } else {
-            bool needOverride = !m_isInterProcess && m_dic->empty() && m_actualSize > 0;
+            bool needOverride = !isMultiProcess() && m_dic->empty() && m_actualSize > 0;
             KVHolderRet_t ret;
             if (needOverride) {
                 ret = overrideDataWithKey(data, key, isDataHolder);
@@ -1338,6 +1342,10 @@ bool MMKV::reKey(const string &cryptKey) {
         MMKVWarning("[%s] file not valid", m_mmapID.c_str());
         return false;
     }
+    if (isReadOnly()) {
+        MMKVWarning("[%s] file readonly", m_mmapID.c_str());
+        return false;
+    }
 
     bool ret = false;
     if (m_crypter) {
@@ -1408,6 +1416,10 @@ void MMKV::trim() {
         MMKVWarning("[%s] file not valid", m_mmapID.c_str());
         return;
     }
+    if (isReadOnly()) {
+        MMKVWarning("[%s] file readonly", m_mmapID.c_str());
+        return;
+    }
 
     if (m_actualSize == 0) {
         clearAll();
@@ -1452,6 +1464,10 @@ void MMKV::clearAll(bool keepSpace) {
         MMKVWarning("[%s] file not valid", m_mmapID.c_str());
         return;
     }
+    if (isReadOnly()) {
+        MMKVWarning("[%s] file readonly", m_mmapID.c_str());
+        return;
+    }
 
     if (m_file->getFileSize() == m_expectedCapacity && m_actualSize == 0) {
         MMKVInfo("nothing to clear for [%s]", m_mmapID.c_str());
@@ -1625,6 +1641,10 @@ bool MMKV::enableAutoKeyExpire(uint32_t expiredInSeconds) {
     if (m_metaInfo->hasFlag(MMKVMetaInfo::EnableKeyExipre)) {
         return true;
     }
+    if (isReadOnly()) {
+        MMKVWarning("[%s] file readonly", m_mmapID.c_str());
+        return false;
+    }
 
     auto autoRecordExpireTime = (m_expiredInSeconds != 0);
     auto time = autoRecordExpireTime ? getCurrentTimeInSecond() + m_expiredInSeconds : 0;
@@ -1685,6 +1705,10 @@ bool MMKV::disableAutoKeyExpire() {
     if (!m_metaInfo->hasFlag(MMKVMetaInfo::EnableKeyExipre)) {
         return true;
     }
+    if (isReadOnly()) {
+        MMKVWarning("[%s] file readonly", m_mmapID.c_str());
+        return false;
+    }
 
     MMKVInfo("erase previous recorded expire date for all keys inside [%s]", m_mmapID.c_str());
     m_metaInfo->unsetFlag(MMKVMetaInfo::EnableKeyExipre);
diff --git a/Core/MMKV_OSX.cpp b/Core/MMKV_OSX.cpp
index cf0db9c4..795f5bf8 100644
--- a/Core/MMKV_OSX.cpp
+++ b/Core/MMKV_OSX.cpp
@@ -300,9 +300,13 @@ NSArray *MMKV::allKeys(bool filterExpire) {
     return keys;
 }
 
-void MMKV::removeValuesForKeys(NSArray *arrKeys) {
+bool MMKV::removeValuesForKeys(NSArray *arrKeys) {
+    if (isReadOnly()) {
+        MMKVWarning("[%s] file readonly", m_mmapID.c_str());
+        return false;
+    }
     if (arrKeys.count == 0) {
-        return;
+        return true;
     }
     if (arrKeys.count == 1) {
         return removeValueForKey(arrKeys[0]);
@@ -337,8 +341,9 @@ void MMKV::removeValuesForKeys(NSArray *arrKeys) {
     if (deleteCount > 0) {
         m_hasFullWriteback = false;
 
-        fullWriteback();
+        return fullWriteback();
     }
+    return true;
 }
 
 void MMKV::enumerateKeys(EnumerateBlock block) {
diff --git a/Core/MemoryFile.cpp b/Core/MemoryFile.cpp
index e388e708..aa2fd33f 100644
--- a/Core/MemoryFile.cpp
+++ b/Core/MemoryFile.cpp
@@ -50,7 +50,10 @@ File::File(MMKVPath_t path, OpenFlag flag) : m_path(std::move(path)), m_fd(-1),
     open();
 }
 
-MemoryFile::MemoryFile(MMKVPath_t path, size_t expectedCapacity) : m_diskFile(std::move(path), OpenFlag::ReadWrite | OpenFlag::Create), m_ptr(nullptr), m_size(0) {
+MemoryFile::MemoryFile(MMKVPath_t path, size_t expectedCapacity, bool readOnly)
+    : m_diskFile(std::move(path), readOnly ? OpenFlag::ReadOnly : (OpenFlag::ReadWrite | OpenFlag::Create))
+    , m_ptr(nullptr), m_size(0), m_readOnly(readOnly)
+{
     reloadFromFile(expectedCapacity);
 }
 #    endif // !defined(MMKV_ANDROID)
@@ -61,7 +64,7 @@ void tryResetFileProtection(const string &path);
 
 static int OpenFlag2NativeFlag(OpenFlag flag) {
     int native = O_CLOEXEC;
-    if (flag & OpenFlag::ReadWrite) {
+    if ((flag & OpenFlagRWMask) == OpenFlag::ReadWrite) {
         native |= O_RDWR;
     } else if (flag & OpenFlag::ReadOnly) {
         native |= O_RDONLY;
@@ -92,10 +95,10 @@ bool File::open() {
     }
     m_fd = ::open(m_path.c_str(), OpenFlag2NativeFlag(m_flag), S_IRWXU);
     if (!isFileValid()) {
-        MMKVError("fail to open [%s], %d(%s)", m_path.c_str(), errno, strerror(errno));
+        MMKVError("fail to open [%s], flag %x, %d(%s)", m_path.c_str(), m_flag, errno, strerror(errno));
         return false;
     }
-    MMKVInfo("open fd[%p], %s", m_fd, m_path.c_str());
+    MMKVInfo("open fd[%p], flag %x, %s", m_fd, m_flag, m_path.c_str());
     return true;
 }
 
@@ -128,6 +131,10 @@ bool MemoryFile::truncate(size_t size) {
     if (size == m_size) {
         return true;
     }
+    if (m_readOnly) {
+        // truncate readonly file not allow
+        return false;
+    }
 #    ifdef MMKV_ANDROID
     if (m_diskFile.m_fileType == MMFILE_TYPE_ASHMEM) {
         if (size > m_size) {
@@ -182,6 +189,10 @@ bool MemoryFile::truncate(size_t size) {
 }
 
 bool MemoryFile::msync(SyncFlag syncFlag) {
+    if (m_readOnly) {
+        // there's no point in msync() readonly memory
+        return true;
+    }
     if (m_ptr) {
         auto ret = ::msync(m_ptr, m_size, syncFlag ? MS_SYNC : MS_ASYNC);
         if (ret == 0) {
@@ -194,9 +205,10 @@ bool MemoryFile::msync(SyncFlag syncFlag) {
 
 bool MemoryFile::mmap() {
     auto oldPtr = m_ptr;
-    m_ptr = (char *) ::mmap(m_ptr, m_size, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, MAP_SHARED, m_diskFile.m_fd, 0);
+    auto mode = m_readOnly ? PROT_READ : (PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE);
+    m_ptr = (char *) ::mmap(m_ptr, m_size, mode, MAP_SHARED, m_diskFile.m_fd, 0);
     if (m_ptr == MAP_FAILED) {
-        MMKVError("fail to mmap [%s], %s", m_diskFile.m_path.c_str(), strerror(errno));
+        MMKVError("fail to mmap [%s], mode %x, %s", m_diskFile.m_path.c_str(), mode, strerror(errno));
         m_ptr = nullptr;
         return false;
     }
@@ -226,7 +238,7 @@ void MemoryFile::reloadFromFile(size_t expectedCapacity) {
         mmkv::getFileSize(m_diskFile.m_fd, m_size);
         size_t expectedSize = std::max<size_t>(DEFAULT_MMAP_SIZE, roundUp<size_t>(expectedCapacity, DEFAULT_MMAP_SIZE));
         // round up to (n * pagesize)
-        if (m_size < expectedSize || (m_size % DEFAULT_MMAP_SIZE != 0)) {
+        if (!m_readOnly && (m_size < expectedSize || (m_size % DEFAULT_MMAP_SIZE != 0))) {
             InterProcessLock exclusiveLock(&fileLock, ExclusiveLockType);
             SCOPED_LOCK(&exclusiveLock);
 
@@ -240,7 +252,9 @@ void MemoryFile::reloadFromFile(size_t expectedCapacity) {
             }
         }
 #    ifdef MMKV_IOS
-        tryResetFileProtection(m_diskFile.m_path);
+        if (!m_readOnly) {
+            tryResetFileProtection(m_diskFile.m_path);
+        }
 #    endif
     }
 }
diff --git a/Core/MemoryFile.h b/Core/MemoryFile.h
index 5f461c60..8f877ebe 100644
--- a/Core/MemoryFile.h
+++ b/Core/MemoryFile.h
@@ -47,6 +47,7 @@ enum class OpenFlag : uint32_t {
     Excel = 1 << 3, // fail if Create is set but the file already exist
     Truncate = 1 << 4,
 };
+constexpr uint32_t OpenFlagRWMask = 0x3; // mask for Read Write mode
 
 static inline OpenFlag operator | (OpenFlag left, OpenFlag right) {
     return static_cast<OpenFlag>(static_cast<uint32_t>(left) | static_cast<uint32_t>(right));
@@ -56,6 +57,10 @@ static inline bool operator & (OpenFlag left, OpenFlag right) {
     return ((static_cast<uint32_t>(left) & static_cast<uint32_t>(right)) != 0);
 }
 
+static inline OpenFlag operator & (OpenFlag left, uint32_t right) {
+    return static_cast<OpenFlag>(static_cast<uint32_t>(left) & right);
+}
+
 template <typename T>
 T roundUp(T numToRound, T multiple) {
     return ((numToRound + multiple - 1) / multiple) * multiple;
@@ -109,6 +114,7 @@ class MemoryFile {
 #endif
     void *m_ptr;
     size_t m_size;
+    const bool m_readOnly;
 
     bool mmap();
 
@@ -116,9 +122,9 @@ class MemoryFile {
 
 public:
 #ifndef MMKV_ANDROID
-    explicit MemoryFile(MMKVPath_t path, size_t expectedCapacity = 0);
+    explicit MemoryFile(MMKVPath_t path, size_t expectedCapacity = 0, bool readOnly = false);
 #else
-    MemoryFile(MMKVPath_t path, size_t size, FileType fileType, size_t expectedCapacity = 0);
+    MemoryFile(MMKVPath_t path, size_t size, FileType fileType, size_t expectedCapacity = 0, bool readOnly = false);
     explicit MemoryFile(MMKVFileHandle_t ashmemFD);
 
     const FileType m_fileType;
diff --git a/Core/MemoryFile_Android.cpp b/Core/MemoryFile_Android.cpp
index e5198756..452c7c13 100644
--- a/Core/MemoryFile_Android.cpp
+++ b/Core/MemoryFile_Android.cpp
@@ -70,8 +70,9 @@ File::File(MMKVFileHandle_t ashmemFD)
     }
 }
 
-MemoryFile::MemoryFile(string path, size_t size, FileType fileType, size_t expectedCapacity)
-    : m_diskFile(std::move(path), OpenFlag::ReadWrite | OpenFlag::Create, size, fileType), m_ptr(nullptr), m_size(0), m_fileType(fileType) {
+MemoryFile::MemoryFile(string path, size_t size, FileType fileType, size_t expectedCapacity, bool isReadOnly)
+    : m_diskFile(std::move(path), isReadOnly ? OpenFlag::ReadOnly : (OpenFlag::ReadWrite | OpenFlag::Create), size, fileType),
+    m_ptr(nullptr), m_size(0), m_fileType(fileType), m_readOnly(isReadOnly) {
     if (m_fileType == MMFILE_TYPE_FILE) {
         reloadFromFile(expectedCapacity);
     } else {
@@ -86,7 +87,7 @@ MemoryFile::MemoryFile(string path, size_t size, FileType fileType, size_t expec
 }
 
 MemoryFile::MemoryFile(int ashmemFD)
-    : m_diskFile(ashmemFD), m_ptr(nullptr), m_size(0), m_fileType(MMFILE_TYPE_ASHMEM) {
+    : m_diskFile(ashmemFD), m_ptr(nullptr), m_size(0), m_fileType(MMFILE_TYPE_ASHMEM), m_readOnly(false) {
     if (!m_diskFile.isFileValid()) {
         MMKVError("fd %d invalid", ashmemFD);
     } else {
diff --git a/Core/MemoryFile_Win32.cpp b/Core/MemoryFile_Win32.cpp
index a7a99540..8bec794b 100755
--- a/Core/MemoryFile_Win32.cpp
+++ b/Core/MemoryFile_Win32.cpp
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ File::File(MMKVPath_t path, OpenFlag flag) : m_path(std::move(path)), m_fd(INVAL
 
 static pair<int, int> OpenFlag2NativeFlag(OpenFlag flag) {
     int access = 0, create = OPEN_EXISTING;
-    if (flag & OpenFlag::ReadWrite) {
+    if ((flag & OpenFlagRWMask) == OpenFlag::ReadWrite) {
         access = (GENERIC_READ | GENERIC_WRITE);
     } else if (flag & OpenFlag::ReadOnly) {
         access |= GENERIC_READ;
@@ -70,10 +70,10 @@ bool File::open() {
     m_fd = CreateFile(m_path.c_str(), pair.first, FILE_SHARE_READ | FILE_SHARE_WRITE | FILE_SHARE_DELETE, nullptr,
                       pair.second, FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL, nullptr);
     if (!isFileValid()) {
-        MMKVError("fail to open:[%ls], %d", m_path.c_str(), GetLastError());
+        MMKVError("fail to open:[%ls], flag %x, error %d", m_path.c_str(), m_flag, GetLastError());
         return false;
     }
-    MMKVInfo("open fd[%p], %ls", m_fd, m_path.c_str());
+    MMKVInfo("open fd[%p], flag %x, %ls", m_fd, m_flag, m_path.c_str());
     return true;
 }
 
@@ -94,11 +94,12 @@ size_t File::getActualFileSize() const {
     return size;
 }
 
-MemoryFile::MemoryFile(MMKVPath_t path, size_t expectedCapacity)
-    : m_diskFile(std::move(path), OpenFlag::ReadWrite | OpenFlag::Create)
+MemoryFile::MemoryFile(MMKVPath_t path, size_t expectedCapacity, bool readOnly)
+    : m_diskFile(std::move(path), readOnly ? OpenFlag::ReadOnly : (OpenFlag::ReadWrite | OpenFlag::Create))
     , m_fileMapping(nullptr)
     , m_ptr(nullptr)
-    , m_size(0) {
+    , m_size(0)
+    , m_readOnly(readOnly) {
     reloadFromFile(expectedCapacity);
 }
 
@@ -109,6 +110,10 @@ bool MemoryFile::truncate(size_t size) {
     if (size == m_size) {
         return true;
     }
+    if (m_readOnly) {
+        // truncate readonly file not allow
+        return false;
+    }
 
     auto oldSize = m_size;
     m_size = size;
@@ -151,6 +156,10 @@ bool MemoryFile::truncate(size_t size) {
 }
 
 bool MemoryFile::msync(SyncFlag syncFlag) {
+    if (m_readOnly) {
+        // there's no point in msync() readonly memory
+        return true;
+    }
     if (m_ptr) {
         if (FlushViewOfFile(m_ptr, m_size)) {
             if (syncFlag == MMKV_SYNC) {
@@ -168,14 +177,16 @@ bool MemoryFile::msync(SyncFlag syncFlag) {
 }
 
 bool MemoryFile::mmap() {
-    m_fileMapping = CreateFileMapping(m_diskFile.getFd(), nullptr, PAGE_READWRITE, 0, 0, nullptr);
+    auto mode = m_readOnly ? PAGE_READONLY : PAGE_READWRITE;
+    m_fileMapping = CreateFileMapping(m_diskFile.getFd(), nullptr, mode, 0, 0, nullptr);
     if (!m_fileMapping) {
-        MMKVError("fail to CreateFileMapping [%ls], %d", m_diskFile.m_path.c_str(), GetLastError());
+        MMKVError("fail to CreateFileMapping [%ls], mode %x, %d", m_diskFile.m_path.c_str(), mode, GetLastError());
         return false;
     } else {
-        m_ptr = (char *) MapViewOfFile(m_fileMapping, FILE_MAP_ALL_ACCESS, 0, 0, 0);
+        auto viewMode = m_readOnly ? FILE_MAP_READ : FILE_MAP_ALL_ACCESS;
+        m_ptr = (char *) MapViewOfFile(m_fileMapping, viewMode, 0, 0, 0);
         if (!m_ptr) {
-            MMKVError("fail to mmap [%ls], %d", m_diskFile.m_path.c_str(), GetLastError());
+            MMKVError("fail to mmap [%ls], mode %x, %d", m_diskFile.m_path.c_str(), viewMode, GetLastError());
             return false;
         }
         MMKVInfo("mmap to address [%p], [%ls]", m_ptr, m_diskFile.m_path.c_str());
@@ -199,7 +210,7 @@ void MemoryFile::reloadFromFile(size_t expectedCapacity) {
         mmkv::getFileSize(m_diskFile.getFd(), m_size);
         size_t expectedSize = std::max<size_t>(DEFAULT_MMAP_SIZE, roundUp<size_t>(expectedCapacity, DEFAULT_MMAP_SIZE));
         // round up to (n * pagesize)
-        if (m_size < expectedSize || (m_size % DEFAULT_MMAP_SIZE != 0)) {
+        if (!m_readOnly && (m_size < expectedSize || (m_size % DEFAULT_MMAP_SIZE != 0))) {
             size_t roundSize = ((m_size / DEFAULT_MMAP_SIZE) + 1) * DEFAULT_MMAP_SIZE;;
             roundSize = std::max<size_t>(expectedSize, roundSize);
             truncate(roundSize);
diff --git a/POSIX/demo/demo.cpp b/POSIX/demo/demo.cpp
index 4492ac96..edac76f1 100644
--- a/POSIX/demo/demo.cpp
+++ b/POSIX/demo/demo.cpp
@@ -1222,6 +1222,48 @@ void testRemoveStorage() {
     }
 }
 
+void setReadOnly(const MMKVPath_t& path, bool readOnly) {
+    int mode = 0;
+    // alter the read-only attribute
+    if (readOnly) {
+        mode = 0444;
+    } else {
+        mode = 0666;
+    }
+    // Set the file attributes to the new value
+    if (chmod(path.c_str(), mode) != 0) {
+        // If the function fails, print an error message
+        auto err = errno;
+        printf("Failed to set file attributes. Error code: %d, %s\n", err, strerror(err));
+    }
+}
+
+void testReadOnly() {
+    string mmapID = "testReadOnly";
+    string aesKey = "ReadOnly+Key";
+    {
+        auto mmkv = MMKV::mmkvWithID(mmapID, MMKV_SINGLE_PROCESS, &aesKey);
+        functionalTest(mmkv, false);
+        mmkv->close();
+    }
+
+    auto path = MMKV::getRootDir() + MMKV_PATH_SLASH + mmapID;
+    setReadOnly(path, true);
+    auto crcPath = path + ".crc";
+    setReadOnly(crcPath, true);
+    {
+        auto mmkv = MMKV::mmkvWithID(mmapID, (MMKV_SINGLE_PROCESS | MMKV_READ_ONLY), &aesKey);
+        functionalTest(mmkv, true);
+
+        // also check if it tolerate update operations without crash
+        functionalTest(mmkv, false);
+
+        mmkv->close();
+    }
+    setReadOnly(path, false);
+    setReadOnly(crcPath, false);
+}
+
 void MyLogHandler(MMKVLogLevel level, const char *file, int line, const char *function, const string &message) {
 
     auto desc = [level] {
@@ -1280,4 +1322,5 @@ int main() {
     testAutoExpiration();
 //    testFtruncateFail();
     testRemoveStorage();
+    testReadOnly();
 }
diff --git a/POSIX/golang/golang-bridge.cpp b/POSIX/golang/golang-bridge.cpp
index 7a8f6179..a6418c19 100644
--- a/POSIX/golang/golang-bridge.cpp
+++ b/POSIX/golang/golang-bridge.cpp
@@ -677,4 +677,20 @@ MMKV_EXPORT bool removeStorage(GoStringWrap_t mmapID, GoStringWrap_t rootPath) {
     return MMKV::removeStorage(id, nullptr);
 }
 
+MMKV_EXPORT bool isMultiProcess(void *handle) {
+    MMKV *kv = static_cast<MMKV *>(handle);
+    if (kv) {
+        return kv->isMultiProcess();
+    }
+    return false;
+}
+
+MMKV_EXPORT bool isReadOnly(void *handle) {
+    MMKV *kv = static_cast<MMKV *>(handle);
+    if (kv) {
+        return kv->isReadOnly();
+    }
+    return false;
+}
+
 #endif // CGO
diff --git a/POSIX/golang/golang-bridge.h b/POSIX/golang/golang-bridge.h
index 106a1f4d..d463110f 100644
--- a/POSIX/golang/golang-bridge.h
+++ b/POSIX/golang/golang-bridge.h
@@ -117,6 +117,9 @@ void setWantsContentChangeHandle(bool contentChange);
 
 bool removeStorage(GoStringWrap_t mmapID, GoStringWrap_t rootPath);
 
+bool isMultiProcess(void *handle);
+bool isReadOnly(void *handle);
+
 #ifdef __cplusplus
 }
 #endif
diff --git a/POSIX/golang/mmkv.go b/POSIX/golang/mmkv.go
index 0ef19c20..09a52476 100644
--- a/POSIX/golang/mmkv.go
+++ b/POSIX/golang/mmkv.go
@@ -64,7 +64,11 @@ const (
 
 const (
 	MMKV_SINGLE_PROCESS = 1 << iota
-	MMKV_MULTI_PROCESS
+	MMKV_MULTI_PROCESS = 1 << iota
+    context_MODE_MULTI_PROCESS = 1 << iota // not available in golang
+    mmkv_ASHMEM = 1 << iota // not available in golang
+    mmkv_BACKUP = 1 << iota // not available in golang
+    MMKV_READ_ONLY = 1 << iota
 )
 
 const (
@@ -224,6 +228,9 @@ type MMKV interface {
 
 	EnableCompareBeforeSet() bool
 	DisableCompareBeforeSet() bool
+
+	IsMultiProcess() bool
+	IsReadOnly() bool
 }
 
 type ctorMMKV uintptr
@@ -673,3 +680,13 @@ func (kv ctorMMKV) DisableCompareBeforeSet() bool {
 	ret := C.disableCompareBeforeSet(unsafe.Pointer(kv))
 	return bool(ret)
 }
+
+func (kv ctorMMKV) IsMultiProcess() bool {
+	ret := C.isMultiProcess(unsafe.Pointer(kv))
+	return bool(ret)
+}
+
+func (kv ctorMMKV) IsReadOnly() bool {
+	ret := C.isReadOnly(unsafe.Pointer(kv))
+	return bool(ret)
+}
diff --git a/POSIX/golang/test/main.go b/POSIX/golang/test/main.go
index fb384fe8..2bda8373 100644
--- a/POSIX/golang/test/main.go
+++ b/POSIX/golang/test/main.go
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import (
 	//"log"
 	"math"
 	"time"
+	"os"
 
 	"tencent.com/mmkv"
 )
@@ -31,6 +32,7 @@ func main() {
 	testAutoExpire()
 	testCompareBeforeSet()
 	testRemoveStorage()
+	testReadOnly()
 }
 
 func functionalTest() {
@@ -95,7 +97,11 @@ func functionalTest() {
 
 func testMMKV(mmapID string, cryptKey string, decodeOnly bool) mmkv.MMKV {
 	kv := mmkv.MMKVWithIDAndModeAndCryptKey(mmapID, mmkv.MMKV_SINGLE_PROCESS, cryptKey)
+	testMMKVImp(kv, decodeOnly)
+	return kv
+}
 
+func testMMKVImp(kv mmkv.MMKV, decodeOnly bool) {
 	if !decodeOnly {
 		kv.SetBool(true, "bool")
 	}
@@ -147,8 +153,6 @@ func testMMKV(mmapID string, cryptKey string, decodeOnly bool) mmkv.MMKV {
 
 	kv.RemoveKeys([]string{"int32", "int64"})
 	fmt.Println("all keys:", kv.AllKeys())
-
-	return kv
 }
 
 func testReKey() {
@@ -334,6 +338,31 @@ func testRemoveStorage()  {
 	}
 }
 
+func testReadOnly() {
+	mmapID := "testReadOnly"
+	aesKey := "ReadOnly+Key"
+	{
+    	kv := mmkv.MMKVWithIDAndModeAndCryptKey(mmapID, mmkv.MMKV_SINGLE_PROCESS, aesKey)
+    	testMMKVImp(kv, false)
+    	kv.Close()
+	}
+	path := "/tmp/mmkv/" + mmapID
+	os.Chmod(path, 0444)
+	crcPath := path + ".crc"
+	os.Chmod(crcPath, 0444)
+	{
+		kv := mmkv.MMKVWithIDAndModeAndCryptKey(mmapID, (mmkv.MMKV_SINGLE_PROCESS | mmkv.MMKV_READ_ONLY), aesKey)
+		testMMKVImp(kv, true)
+
+		// also check if it tolerate update operations without crash
+		testMMKVImp(kv, false)
+
+		kv.Close()
+	}
+	os.Chmod(path, 0666)
+	os.Chmod(crcPath, 0666)
+}
+
 func logHandler(level int, file string, line int, function string, message string) {
 	var levelStr string
 	switch level {
diff --git a/Python/demo.py b/Python/demo.py
index 62814997..ac8845cb 100644
--- a/Python/demo.py
+++ b/Python/demo.py
@@ -5,13 +5,18 @@
 import mmkv
 import time
 import tempfile
+import os
 
 
 def functional_test(mmap_id, decode_only):
     # pass MMKVMode.MultiProcess to get a multi-process instance
     # kv = mmkv.MMKV('test_python', mmkv.MMKVMode.MultiProcess)
     kv = mmkv.MMKV(mmap_id)
+    functional_test_imp(kv, decode_only)
+    return kv
 
+
+def functional_test_imp(kv, decode_only):
     if not decode_only:
         kv.set(True, 'bool')
     print('bool = ', kv.getBool('bool'))
@@ -164,7 +169,7 @@ def test_compare_before_set():
     actualSize2 = kv.actualSize()
     print("testCompareBeforeSet: actualSize2 = ", actualSize2)
     if actualSize1 != actualSize2:
-        raise("size not match")
+        raise ("size not match")
 
     kv.set(False, key)
     print("testCompareBeforeSet: bool value = ", kv.getBool(key))
@@ -206,15 +211,37 @@ def test_remove_storage():
 
     temp_dir = tempfile.gettempdir()
     rootDir = temp_dir + "/dev/mmkv_sg"
-    kv = mmkv.MMKV("test_remove/sg", rootDir = rootDir)
+    kv = mmkv.MMKV("test_remove/sg", rootDir=rootDir)
     kv.set(True, "bool")
 
     mmkv.MMKV.removeStorage("test_remove/sg")
-    kv = mmkv.MMKV("test_remove/sg", rootDir = rootDir)
+    kv = mmkv.MMKV("test_remove/sg", rootDir=rootDir)
     if kv.count() != 0:
         print("storage not successfully remove")
 
 
+def test_read_only():
+    mmap_id = "testReadOnly"
+    aes_key = "ReadOnly+Key"
+
+    kv = mmkv.MMKV(mmap_id, mmkv.MMKVMode.SingleProcess, aes_key)
+    functional_test_imp(kv, False)
+    kv.close()
+
+    path = mmkv.MMKV.rootDir() + "/" + mmap_id
+    os.chmod(path, 0o444)
+    crc_path = path + ".crc"
+    os.chmod(crc_path, 0o444)
+
+    kv = mmkv.MMKV(mmap_id, mmkv.MMKVMode(mmkv.MMKVMode.SingleProcess | mmkv.MMKVMode.ReadOnly), aes_key)
+    functional_test_imp(kv, True)
+    functional_test_imp(kv, False)
+    kv.close()
+
+    os.chmod(path, 0o666)
+    os.chmod(crc_path, 0o666)
+
+
 def logger(log_level, file, line, function, message):
     level = {mmkv.MMKVLogLevel.NoLog: 'N',
              mmkv.MMKVLogLevel.Debug: 'D',
@@ -236,6 +263,7 @@ def content_change_handler(mmap_id):
 if __name__ == '__main__':
     temp_dir = tempfile.gettempdir()
     root_dir = temp_dir + '/mmkv'
+    print("root dir:", root_dir)
 
     # you can enable logging & log handler
     # mmkv.MMKV.initializeMMKV(root_dir, mmkv.MMKVLogLevel.Info, logger)
@@ -261,6 +289,7 @@ def content_change_handler(mmap_id):
     test_auto_expire()
     test_compare_before_set()
     test_remove_storage()
+    test_read_only()
 
     # mmkv.MMKV.unRegisterLogHandler()
     # mmkv.MMKV.unRegisterErrorHandler()
diff --git a/Python/libmmkv_python.cpp b/Python/libmmkv_python.cpp
index 4a109751..b2becc14 100644
--- a/Python/libmmkv_python.cpp
+++ b/Python/libmmkv_python.cpp
@@ -67,9 +67,10 @@ static void MyContentChangeHandler(const std::string &mmapID) {
 PYBIND11_MODULE(mmkv, m) {
     m.doc() = "An efficient, small key-value storage framework developed by WeChat Team.";
 
-    py::enum_<MMKVMode>(m, "MMKVMode")
+    py::enum_<MMKVMode>(m, "MMKVMode", py::arithmetic())
         .value("SingleProcess", MMKVMode::MMKV_SINGLE_PROCESS)
         .value("MultiProcess", MMKVMode::MMKV_MULTI_PROCESS)
+        .value("ReadOnly", MMKVMode::MMKV_READ_ONLY)
         .export_values();
 
     py::enum_<MMKVLogLevel>(m, "MMKVLogLevel")
@@ -143,7 +144,7 @@ PYBIND11_MODULE(mmkv, m) {
         "a generic purpose instance", py::arg("mode") = MMKV_SINGLE_PROCESS, py::arg("cryptKey") = string());
 
     clsMMKV.def("mmapID", &MMKV::mmapID);
-    clsMMKV.def_readonly("isInterProcess", &MMKV::m_isInterProcess);
+    clsMMKV.def("isInterProcess", &MMKV::isMultiProcess);
 
     clsMMKV.def("cryptKey", &MMKV::cryptKey);
     clsMMKV.def("reKey", &MMKV::reKey,
@@ -267,6 +268,13 @@ PYBIND11_MODULE(mmkv, m) {
     clsMMKV.def("unlock", &MMKV::unlock);
     clsMMKV.def("try_lock", &MMKV::try_lock, "try to get exclusive access");
 
+    clsMMKV.def("isMultiProcess", &MMKV::isMultiProcess, "check multi-process mode");
+    clsMMKV.def("isReadOnly", &MMKV::isReadOnly, "check read-only mode");
+
+    clsMMKV.def("close", &MMKV::close, "close the instance");
+
+    clsMMKV.def_static("rootDir", &MMKV::getRootDir, "get the root directory of MMKV");
+
     // log callback handler
     clsMMKV.def_static(
         "registerLogHandler",
diff --git a/Win32/Win32Demo/Win32Demo.cpp b/Win32/Win32Demo/Win32Demo.cpp
index 70c40b9d..d0e4fd26 100755
--- a/Win32/Win32Demo/Win32Demo.cpp
+++ b/Win32/Win32Demo/Win32Demo.cpp
@@ -367,6 +367,56 @@ void testRemoveStorage() {
     }
 }
 
+void setReadOnly(const MMKVPath_t& path, bool readOnly) {
+    // Get the current file attributes
+    DWORD attributes = GetFileAttributes(path.c_str());
+    if (attributes == INVALID_FILE_ATTRIBUTES) {
+        // If the function fails, print an error message
+        DWORD error = GetLastError();
+        printf("Failed to get file attributes. Error code: %lu\n", error);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // alter the read-only attribute
+    if (readOnly) {
+        attributes |= FILE_ATTRIBUTE_READONLY;
+    } else {
+        attributes &= ~FILE_ATTRIBUTE_READONLY;
+    }
+    // Set the file attributes to the new value
+    if (!SetFileAttributes(path.c_str(), attributes)) {
+        // If the function fails, print an error message
+        DWORD error = GetLastError();
+        printf("Failed to set file attributes. Error code: %lu\n", error);
+    }
+}
+
+void testReadOnly() {
+    string mmapID = "testReadOnly";
+    string aesKey = "ReadOnly+Key";
+    {
+        auto mmkv = MMKV::mmkvWithID(mmapID, MMKV_SINGLE_PROCESS, &aesKey);
+        functionalTest(mmkv, false);
+        mmkv->close();
+    }
+
+    auto path = MMKV::getRootDir() + MMKV_PATH_SLASH + string2MMKVPath_t(mmapID);
+    setReadOnly(path, true);
+    auto crcPath = path + L".crc";
+    setReadOnly(crcPath, true);
+    {
+        auto mmkv = MMKV::mmkvWithID(mmapID, (MMKV_SINGLE_PROCESS | MMKV_READ_ONLY), &aesKey);
+        functionalTest(mmkv, true);
+
+        // also check if it tolerate update operations without crash
+        functionalTest(mmkv, false);
+
+        mmkv->close();
+    }
+    setReadOnly(path, false);
+    setReadOnly(crcPath, false);
+}
+
 static void
 LogHandler(MMKVLogLevel level, const char *file, int line, const char *function, const std::string &message) {
 
@@ -417,4 +467,5 @@ int main() {
     testAutoExpire();
     testExpectedCapacity();
     testRemoveStorage();
+    testReadOnly();
 }
diff --git a/flutter/mmkv/example/lib/main.dart b/flutter/mmkv/example/lib/main.dart
index e7b52f66..a9a6412d 100644
--- a/flutter/mmkv/example/lib/main.dart
+++ b/flutter/mmkv/example/lib/main.dart
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ import "dart:typed_data";
 import "package:flutter/material.dart";
 import "package:mmkv/mmkv.dart";
 import "package:path_provider_foundation/path_provider_foundation.dart";
+// import "package:posix/posix.dart" show chmod;
 
 void main() async {
   WidgetsFlutterBinding.ensureInitialized();
@@ -77,7 +78,8 @@ class _MyAppState extends State<MyApp> {
           Text("MMKV Version: ${MMKV.version}\n"),
           TextButton(
               onPressed: () {
-                functionalTest();
+                // functionalTest();
+                testReadOnly();
               },
               child: Text("Functional Test", style: TextStyle(fontSize: 18))),
           TextButton(
@@ -197,7 +199,11 @@ class _MyAppState extends State<MyApp> {
 
   MMKV testMMKV(String mmapID, String? cryptKey, bool decodeOnly, String? rootPath) {
     final mmkv = MMKV(mmapID, cryptKey: cryptKey, rootDir: rootPath);
+    testMMKVImp(mmkv, decodeOnly);
+    return mmkv;
+  }
 
+  void testMMKVImp(MMKV mmkv, bool decodeOnly) {
     if (!decodeOnly) {
       mmkv.encodeBool("bool", true);
     }
@@ -254,8 +260,6 @@ class _MyAppState extends State<MyApp> {
     print('after remove, contains "bool": ${mmkv.containsKey('bool')}');
     mmkv.removeValues(["int32", "int"]);
     print("all keys: ${mmkv.allKeys}");
-
-    return mmkv;
   }
 
   void testReKey() {
@@ -421,4 +425,32 @@ class _MyAppState extends State<MyApp> {
       print("storage not successfully removed");
     }
   }
+
+  void testReadOnly() {
+    final name = "testReadOnly";
+    final key = "ReadOnly+Key";
+    {
+      final mmkv = MMKV(name, cryptKey: key);
+      testMMKVImp(mmkv, false);
+      mmkv.close();
+    }
+
+    // posix.dart not working in Android or iOS, sigh..
+    /*final path = MMKV.rootDir + "/" + name;
+    chmod(path, "444");
+    final crcPath = path + ".crc";
+    chmod(crcPath, "444");
+    */
+
+    final mmkv = MMKV(name, cryptKey: key, readOnly: true);
+    testMMKVImp(mmkv, true);
+
+    // also check if it tolerate update operations without crash
+    testMMKVImp(mmkv, false);
+
+    /*
+    chmod(path, "666");
+    chmod(crcPath, "666");
+    */
+  }
 }
diff --git a/flutter/mmkv/example/pubspec.yaml b/flutter/mmkv/example/pubspec.yaml
index 6acf961a..4542529c 100644
--- a/flutter/mmkv/example/pubspec.yaml
+++ b/flutter/mmkv/example/pubspec.yaml
@@ -26,6 +26,8 @@ dependencies:
   # Use with the CupertinoIcons class for iOS style icons.
   cupertino_icons: ^1.0.0
 
+#  posix: ^6.0.1
+
 dev_dependencies:
   flutter_test:
     sdk: flutter
diff --git a/flutter/mmkv/lib/mmkv.dart b/flutter/mmkv/lib/mmkv.dart
index 5b8a1270..40c322f5 100644
--- a/flutter/mmkv/lib/mmkv.dart
+++ b/flutter/mmkv/lib/mmkv.dart
@@ -38,6 +38,7 @@ enum MMKVMode {
   SINGLE_PROCESS_MODE,
   MULTI_PROCESS_MODE,
 }
+final int _READ_ONLY_MODE = 1 << 5;
 
 /// A native memory buffer, must call [MMBuffer.destroy()] after no longer use.
 class MMBuffer {
@@ -189,13 +190,15 @@ class MMKV {
   /// * You can get a multi-process MMKV instance by passing [MMKVMode.MULTI_PROCESS_MODE].
   /// * You can encrypt with [cryptKey], which limits to 16 bytes at most.
   /// * You can customize the [rootDir] of the file.
-  MMKV(String mmapID, {MMKVMode mode = MMKVMode.SINGLE_PROCESS_MODE, String? cryptKey, String? rootDir, int expectedCapacity = 0}) {
+  MMKV(String mmapID, {MMKVMode mode = MMKVMode.SINGLE_PROCESS_MODE, String? cryptKey, String? rootDir, int expectedCapacity = 0
+    , bool readOnly = false}) {
     if (mmapID.isNotEmpty) {
       final mmapIDPtr = _string2Pointer(mmapID);
       final cryptKeyPtr = _string2Pointer(cryptKey);
       final rootDirPtr = _string2Pointer(rootDir);
 
-      _handle = _getMMKVWithID(mmapIDPtr, mode.index, cryptKeyPtr, rootDirPtr, expectedCapacity);
+      final realMode = readOnly ? (mode.index | _READ_ONLY_MODE) : mode.index;
+      _handle = _getMMKVWithID(mmapIDPtr, realMode, cryptKeyPtr, rootDirPtr, expectedCapacity);
 
       calloc.free(mmapIDPtr);
       calloc.free(cryptKeyPtr);
@@ -518,6 +521,14 @@ class MMKV {
     return _actualSize(_handle);
   }
 
+  bool get isMultiProcess {
+    return _isMultiProcess(_handle);
+  }
+
+  bool get isReadOnly {
+    return _isReadOnly(_handle);
+  }
+
   void removeValue(String key) {
     final keyPtr = key.toNativeUtf8();
     _removeValueForKey(_handle, keyPtr);
@@ -865,3 +876,7 @@ final bool Function(Pointer<Void>) _enableCompareBeforeSet = _mmkvPlatform.enabl
 final bool Function(Pointer<Void>) _disableCompareBeforeSet = _mmkvPlatform.disableCompareBeforeSetFunc();
 
 final int Function(Pointer<Utf8> mmapID, Pointer<Utf8> rootPath) _removeStorage = _mmkvPlatform.removeStorageFunc();
+
+final bool Function(Pointer<Void>) _isMultiProcess = _mmkvPlatform.isMultiProcessFunc();
+
+final bool Function(Pointer<Void>) _isReadOnly = _mmkvPlatform.isReadOnlyFunc();
diff --git a/flutter/mmkv/pubspec.yaml b/flutter/mmkv/pubspec.yaml
index 35a66000..2f03f78f 100644
--- a/flutter/mmkv/pubspec.yaml
+++ b/flutter/mmkv/pubspec.yaml
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 name: mmkv
 description: An efficient, small mobile key-value storage framework developed by WeChat. Works on Android & iOS.
-version: 1.3.9
+version: 2.0.0
 homepage: https://github.com/Tencent/mmkv
 repository: https://github.com/Tencent/MMKV/tree/master/flutter/mmkv
 
@@ -13,17 +13,17 @@ dependencies:
     sdk: flutter
   ffi: ^2.0.0
   mmkv_ios:
-    ^1.0.5
-#    path: ../mmkv_ios
+#    ^1.0.6
+    path: ../mmkv_ios
   mmkv_android:
-    ^1.0.5
-#    path: ../mmkv_android
+#    ^1.0.6
+    path: ../mmkv_android
   mmkv_ohos:
-    ^1.0.1
-#      path: ../mmkv_ohos
+#    ^1.0.2
+      path: ../mmkv_ohos
   mmkv_platform_interface:
-    ^1.0.1
-#    path: ../mmkv_platform_interface
+#    ^1.0.2
+    path: ../mmkv_platform_interface
 
 dev_dependencies:
   test:
diff --git a/flutter/mmkv_android/CHANGELOG.md b/flutter/mmkv_android/CHANGELOG.md
index 867f35e7..b132f473 100644
--- a/flutter/mmkv_android/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/flutter/mmkv_android/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -1,4 +1,7 @@
 # MMKV Platform Android Change Log
+## v1.0.6 / 2024-09-xx
+Keep up with native lib v2.0.0.
+
 ## v1.0.5 / 2024-07-26
 Keep up with native lib v1.3.9.
 
diff --git a/flutter/mmkv_android/android/build.gradle b/flutter/mmkv_android/android/build.gradle
index 83fbdab5..71caa92a 100644
--- a/flutter/mmkv_android/android/build.gradle
+++ b/flutter/mmkv_android/android/build.gradle
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ rootProject.allprojects {
     repositories {
         google()
         mavenCentral()
-//        mavenLocal()
+        mavenLocal()
     }
 }
 
@@ -34,6 +34,6 @@ android {
     }
 
     dependencies {
-        implementation 'com.tencent:mmkv:[1.3.9, 2.0)'
+        implementation 'com.tencent:mmkv:[2.0.0, 2.1)'
     }
 }
diff --git a/flutter/mmkv_android/pubspec.yaml b/flutter/mmkv_android/pubspec.yaml
index e790f92b..395a07ee 100644
--- a/flutter/mmkv_android/pubspec.yaml
+++ b/flutter/mmkv_android/pubspec.yaml
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 name: mmkv_android
 description: Android platform implementation of MMKV.
 repository: https://github.com/Tencent/MMKV/tree/master/flutter/mmkv_ios
-version: 1.0.5
+version: 1.0.6
 homepage: https://github.com/Tencent/mmkv
 
 environment:
@@ -13,8 +13,8 @@ dependencies:
     sdk: flutter
   ffi: ^2.0.0
   mmkv_platform_interface:
-    ^1.0.1
-#    path: ../mmkv_platform_interface
+#    ^1.0.2
+    path: ../mmkv_platform_interface
 
 dev_dependencies:
   test:
diff --git a/flutter/mmkv_ios/CHANGELOG.md b/flutter/mmkv_ios/CHANGELOG.md
index 7c2be13d..b5b59848 100644
--- a/flutter/mmkv_ios/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/flutter/mmkv_ios/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -1,4 +1,7 @@
 # MMKV Platform iOS Change Log
+## v1.0.6 / 2024-09-xx
+Keep up with native lib v2.0.0.
+
 ## v1.0.5 / 2024-07-26
 Keep up with native lib v1.3.9.
 
diff --git a/flutter/mmkv_ios/ios/Classes/flutter-bridge.mm b/flutter/mmkv_ios/ios/Classes/flutter-bridge.mm
index 97b23d6c..a94a03dd 100644
--- a/flutter/mmkv_ios/ios/Classes/flutter-bridge.mm
+++ b/flutter/mmkv_ios/ios/Classes/flutter-bridge.mm
@@ -521,6 +521,22 @@ MMKV_EXPORT bool MMKV_FUNC(removeStorage)(const char *mmapID, const char *rootDi
     return [MMKV removeStorage:strID rootPath:nil];
 }
 
+MMKV_EXPORT bool MMKV_FUNC(isMultiProcess)(const void *handle) {
+    MMKV *kv = (__bridge MMKV *) handle;
+    if (kv) {
+        return [kv isMultiProcess];
+    }
+    return false;
+}
+
+MMKV_EXPORT bool MMKV_FUNC(isReadOnly)(const void *handle) {
+    MMKV *kv = (__bridge MMKV *) handle;
+    if (kv) {
+        return [kv isReadOnly];
+    }
+    return false;
+}
+
 /* Looks like Dart:ffi's async callback not working perfectly
  * We don't support them for the moment.
  * https://github.com/dart-lang/sdk/issues/37022
diff --git a/flutter/mmkv_ios/ios/mmkv_ios.podspec b/flutter/mmkv_ios/ios/mmkv_ios.podspec
index b7abd2f7..b5845189 100644
--- a/flutter/mmkv_ios/ios/mmkv_ios.podspec
+++ b/flutter/mmkv_ios/ios/mmkv_ios.podspec
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 
 Pod::Spec.new do |s|
   s.name             = 'mmkv_ios'
-  s.version          = '1.0.3'
+  s.version          = '1.0.6'
   s.summary          = 'MMKV is a cross-platform key-value storage framework developed by WeChat.'
   s.description      = <<-DESC
   The MMKV, for Flutter.
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ Pod::Spec.new do |s|
   s.source_files = 'Classes/**/*'
   s.public_header_files = 'Classes/**/*.h'
   s.dependency 'Flutter'
-  s.dependency 'MMKV', '>= 1.3.9', '< 2.0'
+  s.dependency 'MMKV', '>= 2.0.0', '< 2.1'
   s.platform = :ios, '12.0'
 
 # Flutter.framework does not contain a i386 slice.
diff --git a/flutter/mmkv_ios/pubspec.yaml b/flutter/mmkv_ios/pubspec.yaml
index 1bc4babb..e203b7ca 100644
--- a/flutter/mmkv_ios/pubspec.yaml
+++ b/flutter/mmkv_ios/pubspec.yaml
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 name: mmkv_ios
 description: iOS platform implementation of MMKV.
 repository: https://github.com/Tencent/MMKV/tree/master/flutter/mmkv_ios
-version: 1.0.5
+version: 1.0.6
 homepage: https://github.com/Tencent/mmkv
 
 environment:
@@ -13,8 +13,8 @@ dependencies:
     sdk: flutter
   ffi: ^2.0.0
   mmkv_platform_interface:
-    ^1.0.1
-#    path: ../mmkv_platform_interface
+#    ^1.0.2
+    path: ../mmkv_platform_interface
 
 dev_dependencies:
   test:
diff --git a/flutter/mmkv_ohos/CHANGELOG.md b/flutter/mmkv_ohos/CHANGELOG.md
index 756b294a..4669280d 100644
--- a/flutter/mmkv_ohos/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/flutter/mmkv_ohos/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -1,4 +1,7 @@
 # MMKV Platform OHOS Change Log
+## v1.0.2 / 2024-09-xx
+Keep up with native lib v2.0.0.
+
 ## v1.0.1 / 2024-07-26
 Keep up with native lib v1.3.9.
 
diff --git a/flutter/mmkv_ohos/ohos/oh-package.json5 b/flutter/mmkv_ohos/ohos/oh-package.json5
index 87d2c3fc..1c366bce 100644
--- a/flutter/mmkv_ohos/ohos/oh-package.json5
+++ b/flutter/mmkv_ohos/ohos/oh-package.json5
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
   "license": "Apache-2.0",
   "dependencies": {
     "@ohos/flutter_ohos": "file:./har/flutter.har",
-    "@tencent/mmkv": "^1.3.9"
+    "@tencent/mmkv": "^2.0.0"
 //    "@tencent/mmkv": "file:../../../OpenHarmony/MMKV/build/default/outputs/default/MMKV.har"
   },
   "devDependencies": {},
diff --git a/flutter/mmkv_ohos/pubspec.yaml b/flutter/mmkv_ohos/pubspec.yaml
index 90802694..123b6ea1 100644
--- a/flutter/mmkv_ohos/pubspec.yaml
+++ b/flutter/mmkv_ohos/pubspec.yaml
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 name: mmkv_ohos
 description: OHOS platform implementation of MMKV.
 repository: https://github.com/Tencent/MMKV/tree/master/flutter/mmkv_ohos
-version: 1.0.1
+version: 1.0.2
 homepage: https://github.com/Tencent/mmkv
 
 environment:
@@ -18,8 +18,8 @@ dependencies:
 #      path: "packages/path_provider/path_provider_ohos"
   ffi: ^2.0.0
   mmkv_platform_interface:
-    ^1.0.1
-#    path: ../mmkv_platform_interface
+#    ^1.0.2
+    path: ../mmkv_platform_interface
 
 dev_dependencies:
   flutter_test:
diff --git a/flutter/mmkv_platform_interface/CHANGELOG.md b/flutter/mmkv_platform_interface/CHANGELOG.md
index ccf49100..98815448 100644
--- a/flutter/mmkv_platform_interface/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/flutter/mmkv_platform_interface/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -1,4 +1,8 @@
 # MMKV Platform Interface Change Log
+## v1.0.2 / 2024-09-xx
+* Add `isMultiProcess()`.
+* Add `isReadOnly()`.
+
 ## v1.0.1 / 2024-07-12
 * Add override point for path_provider.
 
diff --git a/flutter/mmkv_platform_interface/lib/mmkv_platform_ffi.dart b/flutter/mmkv_platform_interface/lib/mmkv_platform_ffi.dart
index a4435f09..603f93fb 100644
--- a/flutter/mmkv_platform_interface/lib/mmkv_platform_ffi.dart
+++ b/flutter/mmkv_platform_interface/lib/mmkv_platform_ffi.dart
@@ -294,4 +294,13 @@ class MMKVPluginPlatformFFI extends MMKVPluginPlatform {
   int Function(Pointer<Utf8> mmapID, Pointer<Utf8> rootPath) removeStorageFunc() {
     return nativeLib().lookup<NativeFunction<Int8 Function(Pointer<Utf8>, Pointer<Utf8>)>>(nativeFuncName("removeStorage")).asFunction();
   }
+
+  @override
+  bool Function(Pointer<Void>) isMultiProcessFunc() {
+    return nativeLib().lookup<NativeFunction<Bool Function(Pointer<Void>)>>(nativeFuncName("isMultiProcess")).asFunction();
+  }
+
+  bool Function(Pointer<Void>) isReadOnlyFunc() {
+    return nativeLib().lookup<NativeFunction<Bool Function(Pointer<Void>)>>(nativeFuncName("isReadOnly")).asFunction();
+  }
 }
diff --git a/flutter/mmkv_platform_interface/lib/mmkv_platform_interface.dart b/flutter/mmkv_platform_interface/lib/mmkv_platform_interface.dart
index 7680a56d..49912da7 100644
--- a/flutter/mmkv_platform_interface/lib/mmkv_platform_interface.dart
+++ b/flutter/mmkv_platform_interface/lib/mmkv_platform_interface.dart
@@ -228,6 +228,14 @@ class MMKVPluginPlatform {
     throw UnimplementedError();
   }
 
+  bool Function(Pointer<Void>) isMultiProcessFunc() {
+    throw UnimplementedError();
+  }
+
+  bool Function(Pointer<Void>) isReadOnlyFunc() {
+    throw UnimplementedError();
+  }
+
   // some platform doesn't publish their path_provider package to pub.dev
   // provide override point for these calls
   Future<String> getApplicationDocumentsPath() async {
diff --git a/flutter/mmkv_platform_interface/pubspec.yaml b/flutter/mmkv_platform_interface/pubspec.yaml
index 9a03eb9c..02aeb892 100644
--- a/flutter/mmkv_platform_interface/pubspec.yaml
+++ b/flutter/mmkv_platform_interface/pubspec.yaml
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ description: A common platform interface for the MMKV plugin.
 repository: https://github.com/Tencent/MMKV/tree/master/flutter/mmkv_platform_interface
 # NOTE: We strongly prefer non-breaking changes, even at the expense of a
 # less-clean API. See https://flutter.dev/go/platform-interface-breaking-changes
-version: 1.0.1
+version: 1.0.2
 homepage: https://github.com/Tencent/MMKV
 
 environment:
diff --git a/iOS/MMKV/MMKV/MMKV.h b/iOS/MMKV/MMKV/MMKV.h
index 071ccc90..0a42d5b9 100644
--- a/iOS/MMKV/MMKV/MMKV.h
+++ b/iOS/MMKV/MMKV/MMKV.h
@@ -25,8 +25,10 @@
 #endif
 
 typedef NS_ENUM(NSUInteger, MMKVMode) {
-    MMKVSingleProcess = 0x1,
-    MMKVMultiProcess = 0x2,
+    MMKVSingleProcess = 1 << 0,
+    MMKVMultiProcess = 1 << 1,
+    // 2~4 are preserved for Android
+    MMKVReadOnly = 1 << 5,
 };
 
 typedef NS_ENUM(UInt32, MMKVExpireDuration) {
@@ -87,7 +89,7 @@ NS_ASSUME_NONNULL_BEGIN
 + (nullable instancetype)mmkvWithID:(NSString *)mmapID expectedCapacity:(size_t)expectedCapacity NS_SWIFT_NAME(init(mmapID:expectedCapacity:));
 
 /// @param mmapID any unique ID (com.tencent.xin.pay, etc), if you want a per-user mmkv, you could merge user-id within mmapID
-/// @param mode MMKVMultiProcess for multi-process MMKV
+/// @param mode MMKVReadOnly for readonly MMKV, MMKVMultiProcess for multi-process MMKV
 + (nullable instancetype)mmkvWithID:(NSString *)mmapID mode:(MMKVMode)mode NS_SWIFT_NAME(init(mmapID:mode:));
 
 /// @param mmapID any unique ID (com.tencent.xin.pay, etc), if you want a per-user mmkv, you could merge user-id within mmapID
@@ -101,7 +103,7 @@ NS_ASSUME_NONNULL_BEGIN
 
 /// @param mmapID any unique ID (com.tencent.xin.pay, etc), if you want a per-user mmkv, you could merge user-id within mmapID
 /// @param cryptKey 16 bytes at most
-/// @param mode MMKVMultiProcess for multi-process MMKV
+/// @param mode MMKVReadOnly for readonly MMKV, MMKVMultiProcess for multi-process MMKV
 + (nullable instancetype)mmkvWithID:(NSString *)mmapID cryptKey:(nullable NSData *)cryptKey mode:(MMKVMode)mode NS_SWIFT_NAME(init(mmapID:cryptKey:mode:));
 
 /// @param mmapID any unique ID (com.tencent.xin.pay, etc), if you want a per-user mmkv, you could merge user-id within mmapID
@@ -133,6 +135,12 @@ NS_ASSUME_NONNULL_BEGIN
 /// @param expectedCapacity the file size you expected when opening or creating file
 + (nullable instancetype)mmkvWithID:(NSString *)mmapID cryptKey:(nullable NSData *)cryptKey rootPath:(nullable NSString *)rootPath expectedCapacity:(size_t)expectedCapacity NS_SWIFT_NAME(init(mmapID:cryptKey:rootPath:expectedCapacity:));
 
+/// @param mmapID any unique ID (com.tencent.xin.pay, etc), if you want a per-user mmkv, you could merge user-id within mmapID
+/// @param cryptKey 16 bytes at most
+/// @param rootPath custom path of the file, `NSDocumentDirectory/mmkv` by default
+/// @param mode MMKVReadOnly for readonly MMKV, MMKVMultiProcess for multi-process MMKV
+/// @param expectedCapacity the file size you expected when opening or creating file
++ (instancetype)mmkvWithID:(NSString *)mmapID cryptKey:(nullable NSData *)cryptKey rootPath:(nullable NSString *)rootPath mode:(MMKVMode)mode expectedCapacity:(size_t)expectedCapacity NS_SWIFT_NAME(init(mmapID:cryptKey:rootPath:mode:expectedCapacity:));
 
 /// you can call this on applicationWillTerminate, it's totally fine if you don't call
 + (void)onAppTerminate;
@@ -311,6 +319,10 @@ NS_ASSUME_NONNULL_BEGIN
 - (void)sync;
 - (void)async;
 
+- (BOOL)isMultiProcess;
+
+- (BOOL)isReadOnly;
+
 /// backup one MMKV instance to dstDir
 /// @param mmapID the MMKV ID to backup
 /// @param rootPath the customize root path of the MMKV, if null then backup from the root dir of MMKV
diff --git a/iOS/MMKV/MMKV/libMMKV.mm b/iOS/MMKV/MMKV/libMMKV.mm
index e76411be..dd0ad9f2 100644
--- a/iOS/MMKV/MMKV/libMMKV.mm
+++ b/iOS/MMKV/MMKV/libMMKV.mm
@@ -166,7 +166,7 @@ + (instancetype)mmkvWithID:(NSString *)mmapID expectedCapacity:(size_t)expectedC
 }
 
 + (instancetype)mmkvWithID:(NSString *)mmapID mode:(MMKVMode)mode {
-    auto rootPath = (mode == MMKVSingleProcess) ? nil : g_groupPath;
+    auto rootPath = (mode & MMKVSingleProcess) ? nil : g_groupPath;
     return [MMKV mmkvWithID:mmapID cryptKey:nil rootPath:rootPath mode:mode];
 }
 
@@ -179,7 +179,7 @@ + (instancetype)mmkvWithID:(NSString *)mmapID cryptKey:(NSData *)cryptKey expect
 }
 
 + (instancetype)mmkvWithID:(NSString *)mmapID cryptKey:(nullable NSData *)cryptKey mode:(MMKVMode)mode {
-    auto rootPath = (mode == MMKVSingleProcess) ? nil : g_groupPath;
+    auto rootPath = (mode & MMKVSingleProcess) ? nil : g_groupPath;
     return [MMKV mmkvWithID:mmapID cryptKey:cryptKey rootPath:rootPath mode:mode];
 }
 
@@ -219,7 +219,7 @@ + (instancetype)mmkvWithID:(NSString *)mmapID cryptKey:(NSData *)cryptKey rootPa
 
     SCOPED_LOCK(g_lock);
 
-    if (mode == MMKVMultiProcess) {
+    if (mode & MMKVMultiProcess) {
         if (!rootPath) {
             rootPath = g_groupPath;
         }
@@ -718,6 +718,14 @@ - (void)checkContentChanged {
     m_mmkv->checkContentChanged();
 }
 
+- (BOOL)isMultiProcess {
+    return m_mmkv->isMultiProcess();
+}
+
+- (BOOL)isReadOnly {
+    return m_mmkv->isReadOnly();
+}
+
 + (void)onAppTerminate {
     g_lock->lock();
 
@@ -1123,7 +1131,7 @@ + (BOOL)removeStorage:(NSString *)mmapID rootPath:(nullable NSString *)path NS_S
 }
 
 + (BOOL)removeStorage:(NSString *)mmapID mode:(MMKVMode)mode NS_SWIFT_NAME(removeStorage(for:mode:)) {
-    auto rootPath = (mode == MMKVSingleProcess) ? nil : g_groupPath;
+    auto rootPath = (mode & MMKVSingleProcess) ? nil : g_groupPath;
     return [self removeStorage:mmapID rootPath:rootPath];
 }
 
diff --git a/iOS/MMKVDemo/MMKVDemo.xcodeproj/project.pbxproj b/iOS/MMKVDemo/MMKVDemo.xcodeproj/project.pbxproj
index 5d4bdfec..964e4398 100644
--- a/iOS/MMKVDemo/MMKVDemo.xcodeproj/project.pbxproj
+++ b/iOS/MMKVDemo/MMKVDemo.xcodeproj/project.pbxproj
@@ -59,6 +59,8 @@
 		CBB6C828215CDB9600487192 /* Assets.xcassets in Resources */ = {isa = PBXBuildFile; fileRef = CBB6C827215CDB9600487192 /* Assets.xcassets */; };
 		CBB6C82B215CDB9600487192 /* Main.storyboard in Resources */ = {isa = PBXBuildFile; fileRef = CBB6C829215CDB9600487192 /* Main.storyboard */; };
 		CBB6C82E215CDB9600487192 /* main.m in Sources */ = {isa = PBXBuildFile; fileRef = CBB6C82D215CDB9600487192 /* main.m */; };
+		CBDC22E12C8ABDD20000DDA5 /* testReadOnly in Resources */ = {isa = PBXBuildFile; fileRef = CBDC22DF2C8ABDD20000DDA5 /* testReadOnly */; };
+		CBDC22E22C8ABDD20000DDA5 /* testReadOnly.crc in Resources */ = {isa = PBXBuildFile; fileRef = CBDC22E02C8ABDD20000DDA5 /* testReadOnly.crc */; };
 		CBF19016243D6F59001C82ED /* Interface.storyboard in Resources */ = {isa = PBXBuildFile; fileRef = CBF19014243D6F59001C82ED /* Interface.storyboard */; };
 		CBF19018243D6F5A001C82ED /* Assets.xcassets in Resources */ = {isa = PBXBuildFile; fileRef = CBF19017243D6F5A001C82ED /* Assets.xcassets */; };
 		CBF1901F243D6F5A001C82ED /* WatchApp Extension.appex in Embed Foundation Extensions */ = {isa = PBXBuildFile; fileRef = CBF1901E243D6F5A001C82ED /* WatchApp Extension.appex */; settings = {ATTRIBUTES = (RemoveHeadersOnCopy, ); }; };
@@ -320,6 +322,8 @@
 		CBB6C82D215CDB9600487192 /* main.m */ = {isa = PBXFileReference; lastKnownFileType = sourcecode.c.objc; path = main.m; sourceTree = "<group>"; };
 		CBB6C82F215CDB9600487192 /* MMKVMacDemo.entitlements */ = {isa = PBXFileReference; lastKnownFileType = text.plist.entitlements; path = MMKVMacDemo.entitlements; sourceTree = "<group>"; };
 		CBD5359823B4718200D3A404 /* libc++.tbd */ = {isa = PBXFileReference; lastKnownFileType = "sourcecode.text-based-dylib-definition"; name = "libc++.tbd"; path = "usr/lib/libc++.tbd"; sourceTree = SDKROOT; };
+		CBDC22DF2C8ABDD20000DDA5 /* testReadOnly */ = {isa = PBXFileReference; lastKnownFileType = file; path = testReadOnly; sourceTree = "<group>"; };
+		CBDC22E02C8ABDD20000DDA5 /* testReadOnly.crc */ = {isa = PBXFileReference; lastKnownFileType = file; path = testReadOnly.crc; sourceTree = "<group>"; };
 		CBF19012243D6F59001C82ED /* WatchApp.app */ = {isa = PBXFileReference; explicitFileType = wrapper.application; includeInIndex = 0; path = WatchApp.app; sourceTree = BUILT_PRODUCTS_DIR; };
 		CBF19015243D6F59001C82ED /* Base */ = {isa = PBXFileReference; lastKnownFileType = file.storyboard; name = Base; path = Base.lproj/Interface.storyboard; sourceTree = "<group>"; };
 		CBF19017243D6F5A001C82ED /* Assets.xcassets */ = {isa = PBXFileReference; lastKnownFileType = folder.assetcatalog; path = Assets.xcassets; sourceTree = "<group>"; };
@@ -465,15 +469,11 @@
 		CB1FD42220455E2D00931B5F /* MMKVDemo */ = {
 			isa = PBXGroup;
 			children = (
-				CB6D44C423B3924E00F369AA /* MMKVDemo.entitlements */,
 				CB1FD42320455E2D00931B5F /* AppDelegate.h */,
 				CB1FD42420455E2D00931B5F /* AppDelegate.m */,
-				CB1FD42C20455E2D00931B5F /* Assets.xcassets */,
+				CBDC22DE2C8ABD880000DDA5 /* Resources */,
 				CB9F963820FCA7C500A1C14C /* DemoSwiftUsage.swift */,
-				CB1FD43120455E2D00931B5F /* Info.plist */,
-				CB1FD42E20455E2D00931B5F /* LaunchScreen.storyboard */,
 				CB1FD43220455E2D00931B5F /* main.m */,
-				CB1FD42920455E2D00931B5F /* Main.storyboard */,
 				CB9F963720FCA7C400A1C14C /* MMKVDemo-Bridging-Header.h */,
 				CB1FD42620455E2D00931B5F /* ViewController.h */,
 				CB1FD42720455E2D00931B5F /* ViewController.mm */,
@@ -582,6 +582,20 @@
 			path = MMKVMacDemo;
 			sourceTree = "<group>";
 		};
+		CBDC22DE2C8ABD880000DDA5 /* Resources */ = {
+			isa = PBXGroup;
+			children = (
+				CBDC22DF2C8ABDD20000DDA5 /* testReadOnly */,
+				CBDC22E02C8ABDD20000DDA5 /* testReadOnly.crc */,
+				CB6D44C423B3924E00F369AA /* MMKVDemo.entitlements */,
+				CB1FD42C20455E2D00931B5F /* Assets.xcassets */,
+				CB1FD43120455E2D00931B5F /* Info.plist */,
+				CB1FD42E20455E2D00931B5F /* LaunchScreen.storyboard */,
+				CB1FD42920455E2D00931B5F /* Main.storyboard */,
+			);
+			path = Resources;
+			sourceTree = "<group>";
+		};
 		CBF19013243D6F59001C82ED /* WatchApp */ = {
 			isa = PBXGroup;
 			children = (
@@ -913,7 +927,9 @@
 			buildActionMask = 2147483647;
 			files = (
 				CB1FD43020455E2D00931B5F /* LaunchScreen.storyboard in Resources */,
+				CBDC22E22C8ABDD20000DDA5 /* testReadOnly.crc in Resources */,
 				CB1FD42D20455E2D00931B5F /* Assets.xcassets in Resources */,
+				CBDC22E12C8ABDD20000DDA5 /* testReadOnly in Resources */,
 				CB1FD42B20455E2D00931B5F /* Main.storyboard in Resources */,
 			);
 			runOnlyForDeploymentPostprocessing = 0;
@@ -1372,10 +1388,10 @@
 			buildSettings = {
 				ASSETCATALOG_COMPILER_APPICON_NAME = AppIcon;
 				CLANG_ENABLE_MODULES = YES;
-				CODE_SIGN_ENTITLEMENTS = MMKVDemo/MMKVDemo.entitlements;
+				CODE_SIGN_ENTITLEMENTS = MMKVDemo/Resources/MMKVDemo.entitlements;
 				CODE_SIGN_STYLE = Manual;
 				DEVELOPMENT_TEAM = SG5PVJM4JW;
-				INFOPLIST_FILE = MMKVDemo/Info.plist;
+				INFOPLIST_FILE = MMKVDemo/Resources/Info.plist;
 				LD_RUNPATH_SEARCH_PATHS = (
 					"$(inherited)",
 					"@executable_path/Frameworks",
@@ -1395,10 +1411,10 @@
 			buildSettings = {
 				ASSETCATALOG_COMPILER_APPICON_NAME = AppIcon;
 				CLANG_ENABLE_MODULES = YES;
-				CODE_SIGN_ENTITLEMENTS = MMKVDemo/MMKVDemo.entitlements;
+				CODE_SIGN_ENTITLEMENTS = MMKVDemo/Resources/MMKVDemo.entitlements;
 				CODE_SIGN_STYLE = Manual;
 				DEVELOPMENT_TEAM = SG5PVJM4JW;
-				INFOPLIST_FILE = MMKVDemo/Info.plist;
+				INFOPLIST_FILE = MMKVDemo/Resources/Info.plist;
 				LD_RUNPATH_SEARCH_PATHS = (
 					"$(inherited)",
 					"@executable_path/Frameworks",
diff --git a/iOS/MMKVDemo/MMKVDemo.xcodeproj/xcshareddata/xcschemes/MMKVDemo.xcscheme b/iOS/MMKVDemo/MMKVDemo.xcodeproj/xcshareddata/xcschemes/MMKVDemo.xcscheme
index acbe2cb4..1e9124f5 100644
--- a/iOS/MMKVDemo/MMKVDemo.xcodeproj/xcshareddata/xcschemes/MMKVDemo.xcscheme
+++ b/iOS/MMKVDemo/MMKVDemo.xcodeproj/xcshareddata/xcschemes/MMKVDemo.xcscheme
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@
       </Testables>
    </TestAction>
    <LaunchAction
-      buildConfiguration = "Release"
+      buildConfiguration = "Debug"
       selectedDebuggerIdentifier = "Xcode.DebuggerFoundation.Debugger.LLDB"
       selectedLauncherIdentifier = "Xcode.DebuggerFoundation.Launcher.LLDB"
       launchStyle = "0"
diff --git a/iOS/MMKVDemo/MMKVDemo/Assets.xcassets/AppIcon.appiconset/Contents.json b/iOS/MMKVDemo/MMKVDemo/Resources/Assets.xcassets/AppIcon.appiconset/Contents.json
similarity index 100%
rename from iOS/MMKVDemo/MMKVDemo/Assets.xcassets/AppIcon.appiconset/Contents.json
rename to iOS/MMKVDemo/MMKVDemo/Resources/Assets.xcassets/AppIcon.appiconset/Contents.json
diff --git a/iOS/MMKVDemo/MMKVDemo/Base.lproj/LaunchScreen.storyboard b/iOS/MMKVDemo/MMKVDemo/Resources/Base.lproj/LaunchScreen.storyboard
similarity index 100%
rename from iOS/MMKVDemo/MMKVDemo/Base.lproj/LaunchScreen.storyboard
rename to iOS/MMKVDemo/MMKVDemo/Resources/Base.lproj/LaunchScreen.storyboard
diff --git a/iOS/MMKVDemo/MMKVDemo/Base.lproj/Main.storyboard b/iOS/MMKVDemo/MMKVDemo/Resources/Base.lproj/Main.storyboard
similarity index 100%
rename from iOS/MMKVDemo/MMKVDemo/Base.lproj/Main.storyboard
rename to iOS/MMKVDemo/MMKVDemo/Resources/Base.lproj/Main.storyboard
diff --git a/iOS/MMKVDemo/MMKVDemo/Info.plist b/iOS/MMKVDemo/MMKVDemo/Resources/Info.plist
similarity index 100%
rename from iOS/MMKVDemo/MMKVDemo/Info.plist
rename to iOS/MMKVDemo/MMKVDemo/Resources/Info.plist
diff --git a/iOS/MMKVDemo/MMKVDemo/MMKVDemo.entitlements b/iOS/MMKVDemo/MMKVDemo/Resources/MMKVDemo.entitlements
similarity index 100%
rename from iOS/MMKVDemo/MMKVDemo/MMKVDemo.entitlements
rename to iOS/MMKVDemo/MMKVDemo/Resources/MMKVDemo.entitlements
diff --git a/iOS/MMKVDemo/MMKVDemo/Resources/testReadOnly b/iOS/MMKVDemo/MMKVDemo/Resources/testReadOnly
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..35da2a0c
Binary files /dev/null and b/iOS/MMKVDemo/MMKVDemo/Resources/testReadOnly differ
diff --git a/iOS/MMKVDemo/MMKVDemo/Resources/testReadOnly.crc b/iOS/MMKVDemo/MMKVDemo/Resources/testReadOnly.crc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a893a384
Binary files /dev/null and b/iOS/MMKVDemo/MMKVDemo/Resources/testReadOnly.crc differ
diff --git a/iOS/MMKVDemo/MMKVDemo/ViewController.mm b/iOS/MMKVDemo/MMKVDemo/ViewController.mm
index 3e14823a..8b146169 100644
--- a/iOS/MMKVDemo/MMKVDemo/ViewController.mm
+++ b/iOS/MMKVDemo/MMKVDemo/ViewController.mm
@@ -98,6 +98,7 @@ - (void)viewDidLoad {
 
     [self testClearAllWithKeepingSpace];
     [self testRemoveStorage];
+    [self testReadOnly:NO];
 
     m_loops = 10000;
     m_arrStrings = [NSMutableArray arrayWithCapacity:m_loops];
@@ -224,7 +225,12 @@ - (void)funcionalTest:(BOOL)decodeOnly {
 
 - (void)testMMKV:(NSString *)mmapID withCryptKey:(NSData *)cryptKey decodeOnly:(BOOL)decodeOnly {
     MMKV *mmkv = [MMKV mmkvWithID:mmapID cryptKey:cryptKey];
+    [self testMMKV:mmkv decodeOnly:decodeOnly];
 
+    NSLog(@"isFileValid[%@]: %d", mmapID, [MMKV isFileValid:mmapID]);
+}
+
+- (void)testMMKV:(MMKV *)mmkv decodeOnly:(BOOL)decodeOnly {
     if (!decodeOnly) {
         [mmkv setInt32:-1024 forKey:@"int32"];
     }
@@ -280,7 +286,6 @@ - (void)testMMKV:(NSString *)mmapID withCryptKey:(NSData *)cryptKey decodeOnly:(
 
     [mmkv removeValuesForKeys:@[ @"int", @"long" ]];
     [mmkv clearMemoryCache];
-    NSLog(@"isFileValid[%@]: %d", mmapID, [MMKV isFileValid:mmapID]);
 }
 
 - (void)testReKey {
@@ -1180,4 +1185,21 @@ - (void)testRemoveStorage {
     // }
 }
 
+- (void)testReadOnly:(BOOL) isForPrepare {
+    auto name = @"testReadOnly";
+    NSData *key_1 = [@"Key_ReadOnly" dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
+    if (isForPrepare) {
+        [self testMMKV:name withCryptKey:key_1 decodeOnly:NO];
+    } else {
+        auto mmkvPath = [[NSBundle mainBundle] pathForResource:name ofType:nil];
+        auto mmkvDir = [mmkvPath stringByDeletingLastPathComponent];
+        auto mmkv = [MMKV mmkvWithID:name cryptKey:key_1 rootPath:mmkvDir mode:MMKVReadOnly expectedCapacity:0];
+
+        [self testMMKV:mmkv decodeOnly:YES];
+
+        // also check if it tolerate update operations without crash
+        [self testMMKV:mmkv decodeOnly:NO];
+    }
+}
+
 @end