ctrl-w to delete the last word,
ctrl-u to delete the content from current cursor back to the start of the line
alt-b to move back by a word
alt-f to move forward a by word
ctrl-a to move cursor to beginning of line
ctrl-e to move cursor to end of line
ctrl-k to kill to the end of the line
ctrl-l to clear the screen
See man readline for all the default keybindings in Bash. There are a lot. For example alt-. cycles through previous arguments, and alt-* expands a glob.