99_pattern_CORE.ipynb

{
 "cells": [
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "7f63198b",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# Pattern Sanity Check on CORE Abstracts"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "1bbd39e8",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "%load_ext autoreload\n",
    "%autoreload 2"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "006a8e36",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Preprocessing"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "a51d6c4a",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "(2956,\n",
       " {'doi': '10.1029/2006GL027886',\n",
       "  'coreId': '71102',\n",
       "  'oai': 'oai:eprints.lancs.ac.uk:6706',\n",
       "  'identifiers': ['oai:eprints.lancs.ac.uk:6706', '10.1029/2006GL027886'],\n",
       "  'title': 'Transport of plasma sheet material to the inner magnetosphere',\n",
       "  'authors': ['Denton, M. H.',\n",
       "   'Thomsen, M. F.',\n",
       "   'Borovsky, J. E.',\n",
       "   'Lavraud, B.',\n",
       "   'Henderson, M. G.',\n",
       "   'Skoug, R. M.',\n",
       "   'Funsten, H. O.',\n",
       "   'Jahn, J.M.',\n",
       "   'Pollock, C. J.',\n",
       "   'Weygand, J. M.'],\n",
       "  'enrichments': {'references': [], 'documentType': {'type': None}},\n",
       "  'contributors': [],\n",
       "  'datePublished': '2007',\n",
       "  'abstract': 'The reaction of the plasma sheet in response to an increase in magnetospheric convection is examined using a combination of energetic neutral atom (ENA) imaging and in situ observations. Data from the IMAGE/MENA instrument are examined in conjunction with observations from the magnetospheric plasma analyzer (MPA) instrument onboard the Los Alamos 1994-084 satellite located in geosynchronous orbit. Examination of the MENA data during an enhanced convection event reveal that between 12:00 and 14:30 UT on 26 June 2001, ENA emissions from the plasma sheet material are observed to strengthen and move Earthwards. A simple calculation of the motion of the peak in ENA emissions following an increase in the convection gives an averaged speed of this sunward surge of around 8 km s−1 between 12:00 and 14:30 UT',\n",
       "  'downloadUrl': '',\n",
       "  'fullTextIdentifier': None,\n",
       "  'pdfHashValue': None,\n",
       "  'publisher': None,\n",
       "  'rawRecordXml': '<record><header><identifier>\\n    \\n    \\n      oai:eprints.lancs.ac.uk:6706</identifier><datestamp>\\n      2018-01-24T03:15:57Z</datestamp><setSpec>\\n      7374617475733D707562</setSpec><setSpec>\\n      7375626A656374733D54:5431</setSpec><setSpec>\\n      74797065733D61727469636C65</setSpec></header><metadata><oai_dc:dc xmlns:oai_dc=\"http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/\" xmlns:dc=\"http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/\" xmlns:xsi=\"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance\" xsi:schemaLocation=\"http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd\" ><dc:title>\\n    \\n      \\n        Transport of plasma sheet material to the inner magnetosphere</dc:title><dc:creator>\\n        Denton, M. H.</dc:creator><dc:creator>\\n        Thomsen, M. F.</dc:creator><dc:creator>\\n        Borovsky, J. E.</dc:creator><dc:creator>\\n        Lavraud, B.</dc:creator><dc:creator>\\n        Henderson, M. G.</dc:creator><dc:creator>\\n        Skoug, R. M.</dc:creator><dc:creator>\\n        Funsten, H. O.</dc:creator><dc:creator>\\n        Jahn, J.M.</dc:creator><dc:creator>\\n        Pollock, C. J.</dc:creator><dc:creator>\\n        Weygand, J. M.</dc:creator><dc:subject>\\n        T Technology (General)</dc:subject><dc:description>\\n        The reaction of the plasma sheet in response to an increase in magnetospheric convection is examined using a combination of energetic neutral atom (ENA) imaging and in situ observations. Data from the IMAGE/MENA instrument are examined in conjunction with observations from the magnetospheric plasma analyzer (MPA) instrument onboard the Los Alamos 1994-084 satellite located in geosynchronous orbit. Examination of the MENA data during an enhanced convection event reveal that between 12:00 and 14:30 UT on 26 June 2001, ENA emissions from the plasma sheet material are observed to strengthen and move Earthwards. A simple calculation of the motion of the peak in ENA emissions following an increase in the convection gives an averaged speed of this sunward surge of around 8 km s−1 between 12:00 and 14:30 UT.</dc:description><dc:date>\\n        2007</dc:date><dc:type>\\n        Journal Article</dc:type><dc:type>\\n        PeerReviewed</dc:type><dc:relation>\\n        http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2006GL027886</dc:relation><dc:identifier>\\n        Denton, M. H. and Thomsen, M. F. and Borovsky, J. E. and Lavraud, B. and Henderson, M. G. and Skoug, R. M. and Funsten, H. O. and Jahn, J.M. and Pollock, C. J. and Weygand, J. M. (2007) Transport of plasma sheet material to the inner magnetosphere. Geophysical Research Letters, 34 (L04105). pp. 1-5. ISSN 0094-8276</dc:identifier><dc:relation>\\n        http://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/6706/</dc:relation></oai_dc:dc></metadata></record>',\n",
       "  'journals': None,\n",
       "  'language': None,\n",
       "  'relations': ['http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2006GL027886',\n",
       "   'http://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/6706/'],\n",
       "  'year': 2007,\n",
       "  'topics': ['T Technology (General)'],\n",
       "  'subject': ['Journal Article', 'PeerReviewed'],\n",
       "  'fullText': None})"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": null,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "import json\n",
    "from octoflow.core import lemmatize\n",
    "import pandas as pd\n",
    "\n",
    "with open(\"downloads/sample_4k.json\") as f:\n",
    "    data = json.loads(f.read())\n",
    "    \n",
    "d = dict(data)\n",
    "abst = [entry for entry in d[\"data\"] if entry[\"abstract\"]]\n",
    "len(abst), abst[0]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "e84cdee7",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "with open(\"stem_stems.txt\", \"r\") as f:\n",
    "    stem_stems = f.read().split(\"\\n\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "f4a5eff6",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "stem_absts = [a for a in abst if any(substring in \" \".join(a['topics']).lower() for substring in stem_stems)]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "5b954bc7",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "df = pd.DataFrame(stem_absts)[[\"title\", \"doi\", \"abstract\", \"journals\"]] #fulltext"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "30dafba4",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## CORE classifier Test"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "0cb1c9c9",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "import spacy\n",
    "nlp = spacy.load(\"en_core_web_md\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "7cd7528c",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "('2.5.3', 1081)"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": null,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "import pandas as pd \n",
    "import fastai\n",
    "from fastai import *\n",
    "fastai.__version__, len(df)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "273cb057",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "dfx = pd.DataFrame([], columns=list(df.columns) + [\"text\", \"pred\"])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "754564b5",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<style scoped>\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
       "        text-align: right;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>title</th>\n",
       "      <th>doi</th>\n",
       "      <th>abstract</th>\n",
       "      <th>journals</th>\n",
       "      <th>text</th>\n",
       "      <th>pred</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "Empty DataFrame\n",
       "Columns: [title, doi, abstract, journals, text, pred]\n",
       "Index: []"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": null,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "dfx"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "577e6d18",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "from fastai.learner import load_learner"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "61195df7",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "learn = load_learner(\"downloads/oct15_40k.pkl\")\n",
    "#learn.predict(\"Anaphylaxis is a life-threatening emergency of which reliable epidemiological data are lacking\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "63f4b692",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "█\r"
     ]
    },
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<style scoped>\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
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       "\n",
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       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
       "        text-align: right;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>title</th>\n",
       "      <th>doi</th>\n",
       "      <th>abstract</th>\n",
       "      <th>journals</th>\n",
       "      <th>text</th>\n",
       "      <th>pred</th>\n",
       "      <th>conf0</th>\n",
       "      <th>conf1</th>\n",
       "      <th>predict</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>0</th>\n",
       "      <td>Transport of plasma sheet material to the inner magnetosphere</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.1029/2006GL027886</td>\n",
       "      <td>The reaction of the plasma sheet in response to an increase in magnetospheric convection is examined using a combination of energetic neutral atom (ENA) imaging and in situ observations. Data from the IMAGE/MENA instrument are examined in conjunction with observations from the magnetospheric plasma analyzer (MPA) instrument onboard the Los Alamos 1994-084 satellite located in geosynchronous orbit. Examination of the MENA data during an enhanced convection event reveal that between 12:00 and 14:30 UT on 26 June 2001, ENA emissions from the plasma sheet material are observed to strengthen an...</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>The reaction of the plasma sheet in response to an increase in magnetospheric convection is examined using a combination of energetic neutral atom (ENA) imaging and in situ observations.</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.00</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.00</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1</th>\n",
       "      <td>Transport of plasma sheet material to the inner magnetosphere</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.1029/2006GL027886</td>\n",
       "      <td>The reaction of the plasma sheet in response to an increase in magnetospheric convection is examined using a combination of energetic neutral atom (ENA) imaging and in situ observations. Data from the IMAGE/MENA instrument are examined in conjunction with observations from the magnetospheric plasma analyzer (MPA) instrument onboard the Los Alamos 1994-084 satellite located in geosynchronous orbit. Examination of the MENA data during an enhanced convection event reveal that between 12:00 and 14:30 UT on 26 June 2001, ENA emissions from the plasma sheet material are observed to strengthen an...</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>Data from the IMAGE/MENA instrument are examined in conjunction with observations from the magnetospheric plasma analyzer (MPA) instrument onboard the Los Alamos 1994-084 satellite located in geosynchronous orbit.</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.00</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.00</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2</th>\n",
       "      <td>Transport of plasma sheet material to the inner magnetosphere</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.1029/2006GL027886</td>\n",
       "      <td>The reaction of the plasma sheet in response to an increase in magnetospheric convection is examined using a combination of energetic neutral atom (ENA) imaging and in situ observations. Data from the IMAGE/MENA instrument are examined in conjunction with observations from the magnetospheric plasma analyzer (MPA) instrument onboard the Los Alamos 1994-084 satellite located in geosynchronous orbit. Examination of the MENA data during an enhanced convection event reveal that between 12:00 and 14:30 UT on 26 June 2001, ENA emissions from the plasma sheet material are observed to strengthen an...</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>Examination of the MENA data during an enhanced convection event reveal that between 12:00 and 14:30 UT on 26 June 2001, ENA emissions from the plasma sheet material are observed to strengthen and move Earthwards.</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.00</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.00</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>3</th>\n",
       "      <td>Transport of plasma sheet material to the inner magnetosphere</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.1029/2006GL027886</td>\n",
       "      <td>The reaction of the plasma sheet in response to an increase in magnetospheric convection is examined using a combination of energetic neutral atom (ENA) imaging and in situ observations. Data from the IMAGE/MENA instrument are examined in conjunction with observations from the magnetospheric plasma analyzer (MPA) instrument onboard the Los Alamos 1994-084 satellite located in geosynchronous orbit. Examination of the MENA data during an enhanced convection event reveal that between 12:00 and 14:30 UT on 26 June 2001, ENA emissions from the plasma sheet material are observed to strengthen an...</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>A simple calculation of the motion of the peak in ENA emissions following an increase in the convection gives an averaged speed of this sunward surge of around 8 km s−1 between 12:00 and 14:30 UT</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.99</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.01</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>4</th>\n",
       "      <td>Eddy current measurements of electrical conductivity and magnetic permeability of porous metals.</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.1016/j.ndteint.2006.03.008</td>\n",
       "      <td>This paper presents a method, which simultaneously estimates the electrical conductivity and magnetic permeability of porous metals. Porous Cu and Fe manufactured by the lost carbonate sintering process have been tested. An air-cored solenoid coil was designed for the measurements of rod-shaped samples when inserted coaxially with the coil. It was theoretically found that the phase-frequency response of the normalised eddy current signal of the coil is virtually independent of the radius, electrical conductivity and magnetic permeability of the test samples. For non-magnetic, conductive po...</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>This paper presents a method, which simultaneously estimates the electrical conductivity and magnetic permeability of porous metals.</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.00</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.00</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>5</th>\n",
       "      <td>Eddy current measurements of electrical conductivity and magnetic permeability of porous metals.</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.1016/j.ndteint.2006.03.008</td>\n",
       "      <td>This paper presents a method, which simultaneously estimates the electrical conductivity and magnetic permeability of porous metals. Porous Cu and Fe manufactured by the lost carbonate sintering process have been tested. An air-cored solenoid coil was designed for the measurements of rod-shaped samples when inserted coaxially with the coil. It was theoretically found that the phase-frequency response of the normalised eddy current signal of the coil is virtually independent of the radius, electrical conductivity and magnetic permeability of the test samples. For non-magnetic, conductive po...</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>Porous Cu and Fe manufactured by the lost carbonate sintering process have been tested.</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.00</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.00</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>6</th>\n",
       "      <td>Eddy current measurements of electrical conductivity and magnetic permeability of porous metals.</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.1016/j.ndteint.2006.03.008</td>\n",
       "      <td>This paper presents a method, which simultaneously estimates the electrical conductivity and magnetic permeability of porous metals. Porous Cu and Fe manufactured by the lost carbonate sintering process have been tested. An air-cored solenoid coil was designed for the measurements of rod-shaped samples when inserted coaxially with the coil. It was theoretically found that the phase-frequency response of the normalised eddy current signal of the coil is virtually independent of the radius, electrical conductivity and magnetic permeability of the test samples. For non-magnetic, conductive po...</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>An air-cored solenoid coil was designed for the measurements of rod-shaped samples when inserted coaxially with the coil.</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.00</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.00</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>7</th>\n",
       "      <td>Eddy current measurements of electrical conductivity and magnetic permeability of porous metals.</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.1016/j.ndteint.2006.03.008</td>\n",
       "      <td>This paper presents a method, which simultaneously estimates the electrical conductivity and magnetic permeability of porous metals. Porous Cu and Fe manufactured by the lost carbonate sintering process have been tested. An air-cored solenoid coil was designed for the measurements of rod-shaped samples when inserted coaxially with the coil. It was theoretically found that the phase-frequency response of the normalised eddy current signal of the coil is virtually independent of the radius, electrical conductivity and magnetic permeability of the test samples. For non-magnetic, conductive po...</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>It was theoretically found that the phase-frequency response of the normalised eddy current signal of the coil is virtually independent of the radius, electrical conductivity and magnetic permeability of the test samples.</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.00</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.00</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>8</th>\n",
       "      <td>Eddy current measurements of electrical conductivity and magnetic permeability of porous metals.</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.1016/j.ndteint.2006.03.008</td>\n",
       "      <td>This paper presents a method, which simultaneously estimates the electrical conductivity and magnetic permeability of porous metals. Porous Cu and Fe manufactured by the lost carbonate sintering process have been tested. An air-cored solenoid coil was designed for the measurements of rod-shaped samples when inserted coaxially with the coil. It was theoretically found that the phase-frequency response of the normalised eddy current signal of the coil is virtually independent of the radius, electrical conductivity and magnetic permeability of the test samples. For non-magnetic, conductive po...</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>For non-magnetic, conductive porous Cu, the electrical conductivity was measured with a calibration curve of the coil relating the impedance change and the electrical conductivity of the sample.</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.00</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.00</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>9</th>\n",
       "      <td>Eddy current measurements of electrical conductivity and magnetic permeability of porous metals.</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.1016/j.ndteint.2006.03.008</td>\n",
       "      <td>This paper presents a method, which simultaneously estimates the electrical conductivity and magnetic permeability of porous metals. Porous Cu and Fe manufactured by the lost carbonate sintering process have been tested. An air-cored solenoid coil was designed for the measurements of rod-shaped samples when inserted coaxially with the coil. It was theoretically found that the phase-frequency response of the normalised eddy current signal of the coil is virtually independent of the radius, electrical conductivity and magnetic permeability of the test samples. For non-magnetic, conductive po...</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>For magnetic porous Fe, the imaginary part of the signal at the lowest frequencies can be used to estimate the permeability.</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.00</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.00</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>10</th>\n",
       "      <td>Eddy current measurements of electrical conductivity and magnetic permeability of porous metals.</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.1016/j.ndteint.2006.03.008</td>\n",
       "      <td>This paper presents a method, which simultaneously estimates the electrical conductivity and magnetic permeability of porous metals. Porous Cu and Fe manufactured by the lost carbonate sintering process have been tested. An air-cored solenoid coil was designed for the measurements of rod-shaped samples when inserted coaxially with the coil. It was theoretically found that the phase-frequency response of the normalised eddy current signal of the coil is virtually independent of the radius, electrical conductivity and magnetic permeability of the test samples. For non-magnetic, conductive po...</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>The measured conductivity values of the porous Cu are shown in the paper in comparison with that of bulk materials with known conductivity.</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.00</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.00</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>11</th>\n",
       "      <td>Eddy current measurements of electrical conductivity and magnetic permeability of porous metals.</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.1016/j.ndteint.2006.03.008</td>\n",
       "      <td>This paper presents a method, which simultaneously estimates the electrical conductivity and magnetic permeability of porous metals. Porous Cu and Fe manufactured by the lost carbonate sintering process have been tested. An air-cored solenoid coil was designed for the measurements of rod-shaped samples when inserted coaxially with the coil. It was theoretically found that the phase-frequency response of the normalised eddy current signal of the coil is virtually independent of the radius, electrical conductivity and magnetic permeability of the test samples. For non-magnetic, conductive po...</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>The measured permeability values of the porous Fe are given and the sample-length effect on the measurements is also discussed</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.99</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.01</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>12</th>\n",
       "      <td>Eggshell pigmentation indicates pesticide\\ud\\ncontamination</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.1111/j.1365-2664.2007.01386.x</td>\n",
       "      <td>1. Persistent pesticide residues remain a significant environmental pollutant, reducing breeding success of predatory birds even where such pesticides have been banned for many years. The ability to detect such residues inexpensively without destructive sampling would be a valuable tool for ecotoxicological monitoring. We suggest that assaying eggshell colour might provide such a tool.\\ud\\n2. Recent studies have revealed two mechanisms affecting eggshell pigmentation in, and believedto be specific to, passerine birds. In the great tit, Parus major, reddish protoporphyrin speckles on their ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.00</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.00</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>13</th>\n",
       "      <td>Eggshell pigmentation indicates pesticide\\ud\\ncontamination</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.1111/j.1365-2664.2007.01386.x</td>\n",
       "      <td>1. Persistent pesticide residues remain a significant environmental pollutant, reducing breeding success of predatory birds even where such pesticides have been banned for many years. The ability to detect such residues inexpensively without destructive sampling would be a valuable tool for ecotoxicological monitoring. We suggest that assaying eggshell colour might provide such a tool.\\ud\\n2. Recent studies have revealed two mechanisms affecting eggshell pigmentation in, and believedto be specific to, passerine birds. In the great tit, Parus major, reddish protoporphyrin speckles on their ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>Persistent pesticide residues remain a significant environmental pollutant, reducing breeding success of predatory birds even where such pesticides have been banned for many years.</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.61</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.39</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>14</th>\n",
       "      <td>Eggshell pigmentation indicates pesticide\\ud\\ncontamination</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.1111/j.1365-2664.2007.01386.x</td>\n",
       "      <td>1. Persistent pesticide residues remain a significant environmental pollutant, reducing breeding success of predatory birds even where such pesticides have been banned for many years. The ability to detect such residues inexpensively without destructive sampling would be a valuable tool for ecotoxicological monitoring. We suggest that assaying eggshell colour might provide such a tool.\\ud\\n2. Recent studies have revealed two mechanisms affecting eggshell pigmentation in, and believedto be specific to, passerine birds. In the great tit, Parus major, reddish protoporphyrin speckles on their ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>The ability to detect such residues inexpensively without destructive sampling would be a valuable tool for ecotoxicological monitoring.</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.00</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.00</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>15</th>\n",
       "      <td>Eggshell pigmentation indicates pesticide\\ud\\ncontamination</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.1111/j.1365-2664.2007.01386.x</td>\n",
       "      <td>1. Persistent pesticide residues remain a significant environmental pollutant, reducing breeding success of predatory birds even where such pesticides have been banned for many years. The ability to detect such residues inexpensively without destructive sampling would be a valuable tool for ecotoxicological monitoring. We suggest that assaying eggshell colour might provide such a tool.\\ud\\n2. Recent studies have revealed two mechanisms affecting eggshell pigmentation in, and believedto be specific to, passerine birds. In the great tit, Parus major, reddish protoporphyrin speckles on their ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>We suggest that assaying eggshell colour might provide such a tool.\\ud\\n2.</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.00</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.00</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>16</th>\n",
       "      <td>Eggshell pigmentation indicates pesticide\\ud\\ncontamination</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.1111/j.1365-2664.2007.01386.x</td>\n",
       "      <td>1. Persistent pesticide residues remain a significant environmental pollutant, reducing breeding success of predatory birds even where such pesticides have been banned for many years. The ability to detect such residues inexpensively without destructive sampling would be a valuable tool for ecotoxicological monitoring. We suggest that assaying eggshell colour might provide such a tool.\\ud\\n2. Recent studies have revealed two mechanisms affecting eggshell pigmentation in, and believedto be specific to, passerine birds. In the great tit, Parus major, reddish protoporphyrin speckles on their ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>Recent studies have revealed two mechanisms affecting eggshell pigmentation in, and believedto be specific to, passerine birds.</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.95</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.05</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>17</th>\n",
       "      <td>Eggshell pigmentation indicates pesticide\\ud\\ncontamination</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.1111/j.1365-2664.2007.01386.x</td>\n",
       "      <td>1. Persistent pesticide residues remain a significant environmental pollutant, reducing breeding success of predatory birds even where such pesticides have been banned for many years. The ability to detect such residues inexpensively without destructive sampling would be a valuable tool for ecotoxicological monitoring. We suggest that assaying eggshell colour might provide such a tool.\\ud\\n2. Recent studies have revealed two mechanisms affecting eggshell pigmentation in, and believedto be specific to, passerine birds. In the great tit, Parus major, reddish protoporphyrin speckles on their ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>In the great tit, Parus major, reddish protoporphyrin speckles on their otherwise white eggs coincide precisely with thin shell and are related to calcium shortage.</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.99</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.01</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>18</th>\n",
       "      <td>Eggshell pigmentation indicates pesticide\\ud\\ncontamination</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.1111/j.1365-2664.2007.01386.x</td>\n",
       "      <td>1. Persistent pesticide residues remain a significant environmental pollutant, reducing breeding success of predatory birds even where such pesticides have been banned for many years. The ability to detect such residues inexpensively without destructive sampling would be a valuable tool for ecotoxicological monitoring. We suggest that assaying eggshell colour might provide such a tool.\\ud\\n2. Recent studies have revealed two mechanisms affecting eggshell pigmentation in, and believedto be specific to, passerine birds. In the great tit, Parus major, reddish protoporphyrin speckles on their ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>In the pied flycatcher, Ficedula hypoleuca, the intensity of the eggshell’s blue-green ground-colour (pigment biliverdin) is related to the female’s health (immunocompetence) at laying.</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.97</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.03</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>19</th>\n",
       "      <td>Eggshell pigmentation indicates pesticide\\ud\\ncontamination</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.1111/j.1365-2664.2007.01386.x</td>\n",
       "      <td>1. Persistent pesticide residues remain a significant environmental pollutant, reducing breeding success of predatory birds even where such pesticides have been banned for many years. The ability to detect such residues inexpensively without destructive sampling would be a valuable tool for ecotoxicological monitoring. We suggest that assaying eggshell colour might provide such a tool.\\ud\\n2. Recent studies have revealed two mechanisms affecting eggshell pigmentation in, and believedto be specific to, passerine birds. In the great tit, Parus major, reddish protoporphyrin speckles on their ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>We studied the effect of the insecticide DDT (notorious for reducing eggshell thickness in raptors by blocking calcium availability to the shell gland) on the eggshell pigmentation of Eurasian sparrowhawks Accipiter nisus\\ud\\n(Falconiformes), whose eggshells show both protoporphyrin spotting and a bluegreen biliverdin-based ground colour.\\ud\\n3.</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.00</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.00</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>20</th>\n",
       "      <td>Eggshell pigmentation indicates pesticide\\ud\\ncontamination</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.1111/j.1365-2664.2007.01386.x</td>\n",
       "      <td>1. Persistent pesticide residues remain a significant environmental pollutant, reducing breeding success of predatory birds even where such pesticides have been banned for many years. The ability to detect such residues inexpensively without destructive sampling would be a valuable tool for ecotoxicological monitoring. We suggest that assaying eggshell colour might provide such a tool.\\ud\\n2. Recent studies have revealed two mechanisms affecting eggshell pigmentation in, and believedto be specific to, passerine birds. In the great tit, Parus major, reddish protoporphyrin speckles on their ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>Eggshells showing protoporphyrin spots as an internalized pigment layer also showed a strong correlation between DDE levels (DDT metabolite) and shell thickness.</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.00</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.00</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>21</th>\n",
       "      <td>Eggshell pigmentation indicates pesticide\\ud\\ncontamination</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.1111/j.1365-2664.2007.01386.x</td>\n",
       "      <td>1. Persistent pesticide residues remain a significant environmental pollutant, reducing breeding success of predatory birds even where such pesticides have been banned for many years. The ability to detect such residues inexpensively without destructive sampling would be a valuable tool for ecotoxicological monitoring. We suggest that assaying eggshell colour might provide such a tool.\\ud\\n2. Recent studies have revealed two mechanisms affecting eggshell pigmentation in, and believedto be specific to, passerine birds. In the great tit, Parus major, reddish protoporphyrin speckles on their ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>The shells were also significantly thinner at these spots.</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.00</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.00</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>22</th>\n",
       "      <td>Eggshell pigmentation indicates pesticide\\ud\\ncontamination</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.1111/j.1365-2664.2007.01386.x</td>\n",
       "      <td>1. Persistent pesticide residues remain a significant environmental pollutant, reducing breeding success of predatory birds even where such pesticides have been banned for many years. The ability to detect such residues inexpensively without destructive sampling would be a valuable tool for ecotoxicological monitoring. We suggest that assaying eggshell colour might provide such a tool.\\ud\\n2. Recent studies have revealed two mechanisms affecting eggshell pigmentation in, and believedto be specific to, passerine birds. In the great tit, Parus major, reddish protoporphyrin speckles on their ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>Eggshell thickness was uncorrelated with DDE levels in eggs that lacked such spotting.\\ud\\n4.</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.00</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.00</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>23</th>\n",
       "      <td>Eggshell pigmentation indicates pesticide\\ud\\ncontamination</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.1111/j.1365-2664.2007.01386.x</td>\n",
       "      <td>1. Persistent pesticide residues remain a significant environmental pollutant, reducing breeding success of predatory birds even where such pesticides have been banned for many years. The ability to detect such residues inexpensively without destructive sampling would be a valuable tool for ecotoxicological monitoring. We suggest that assaying eggshell colour might provide such a tool.\\ud\\n2. Recent studies have revealed two mechanisms affecting eggshell pigmentation in, and believedto be specific to, passerine birds. In the great tit, Parus major, reddish protoporphyrin speckles on their ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>The green-ness of the ground colour, related to biliverdin pigment, also increased with DDE levels but, unlike the protoporphyrins, this increase was independent of eggshell thickness.\\ud\\n5.</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.00</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.00</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>24</th>\n",
       "      <td>Eggshell pigmentation indicates pesticide\\ud\\ncontamination</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.1111/j.1365-2664.2007.01386.x</td>\n",
       "      <td>1. Persistent pesticide residues remain a significant environmental pollutant, reducing breeding success of predatory birds even where such pesticides have been banned for many years. The ability to detect such residues inexpensively without destructive sampling would be a valuable tool for ecotoxicological monitoring. We suggest that assaying eggshell colour might provide such a tool.\\ud\\n2. Recent studies have revealed two mechanisms affecting eggshell pigmentation in, and believedto be specific to, passerine birds. In the great tit, Parus major, reddish protoporphyrin speckles on their ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>We also noted that the colour of eggs collected before 1930 was consistent with the environmental\\ud\\nabsence of DDT.\\ud\\n6.</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.00</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.00</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>25</th>\n",
       "      <td>Eggshell pigmentation indicates pesticide\\ud\\ncontamination</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.1111/j.1365-2664.2007.01386.x</td>\n",
       "      <td>1. Persistent pesticide residues remain a significant environmental pollutant, reducing breeding success of predatory birds even where such pesticides have been banned for many years. The ability to detect such residues inexpensively without destructive sampling would be a valuable tool for ecotoxicological monitoring. We suggest that assaying eggshell colour might provide such a tool.\\ud\\n2. Recent studies have revealed two mechanisms affecting eggshell pigmentation in, and believedto be specific to, passerine birds. In the great tit, Parus major, reddish protoporphyrin speckles on their ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>Synthesis and applications.</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.00</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.00</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>26</th>\n",
       "      <td>Eggshell pigmentation indicates pesticide\\ud\\ncontamination</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.1111/j.1365-2664.2007.01386.x</td>\n",
       "      <td>1. Persistent pesticide residues remain a significant environmental pollutant, reducing breeding success of predatory birds even where such pesticides have been banned for many years. The ability to detect such residues inexpensively without destructive sampling would be a valuable tool for ecotoxicological monitoring. We suggest that assaying eggshell colour might provide such a tool.\\ud\\n2. Recent studies have revealed two mechanisms affecting eggshell pigmentation in, and believedto be specific to, passerine birds. In the great tit, Parus major, reddish protoporphyrin speckles on their ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>DDT occurrence in predatory birds indicates ecosystem-wide contamination.</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.96</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.04</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>27</th>\n",
       "      <td>Eggshell pigmentation indicates pesticide\\ud\\ncontamination</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.1111/j.1365-2664.2007.01386.x</td>\n",
       "      <td>1. Persistent pesticide residues remain a significant environmental pollutant, reducing breeding success of predatory birds even where such pesticides have been banned for many years. The ability to detect such residues inexpensively without destructive sampling would be a valuable tool for ecotoxicological monitoring. We suggest that assaying eggshell colour might provide such a tool.\\ud\\n2. Recent studies have revealed two mechanisms affecting eggshell pigmentation in, and believedto be specific to, passerine birds. In the great tit, Parus major, reddish protoporphyrin speckles on their ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>Correlation between eggshell colour and DDT concentration indicates that pigmentation might be used as a non-destructive assay for DDT (which is still in widespread use,particularly for combating malaria) in eggs.</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.00</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.00</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>28</th>\n",
       "      <td>Eggshell pigmentation indicates pesticide\\ud\\ncontamination</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.1111/j.1365-2664.2007.01386.x</td>\n",
       "      <td>1. Persistent pesticide residues remain a significant environmental pollutant, reducing breeding success of predatory birds even where such pesticides have been banned for many years. The ability to detect such residues inexpensively without destructive sampling would be a valuable tool for ecotoxicological monitoring. We suggest that assaying eggshell colour might provide such a tool.\\ud\\n2. Recent studies have revealed two mechanisms affecting eggshell pigmentation in, and believedto be specific to, passerine birds. In the great tit, Parus major, reddish protoporphyrin speckles on their ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>Further studies should allow our findings to be applied to other raptor species.</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.00</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.00</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>29</th>\n",
       "      <td>Eggshell pigmentation indicates pesticide\\ud\\ncontamination</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.1111/j.1365-2664.2007.01386.x</td>\n",
       "      <td>1. Persistent pesticide residues remain a significant environmental pollutant, reducing breeding success of predatory birds even where such pesticides have been banned for many years. The ability to detect such residues inexpensively without destructive sampling would be a valuable tool for ecotoxicological monitoring. We suggest that assaying eggshell colour might provide such a tool.\\ud\\n2. Recent studies have revealed two mechanisms affecting eggshell pigmentation in, and believedto be specific to, passerine birds. In the great tit, Parus major, reddish protoporphyrin speckles on their ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>Our results corroborate the associations of protoporphyrin pigmentation with shell thinning and biliverdin with female immunocompetence described for passerines, but\\ud\\ntheir occurrence in a falconiform implies that these effects evolved long before the appearance of\\ud\\nthe order Passeriformes</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.00</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.00</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>...</th>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>7166</th>\n",
       "      <td>Resistance to change - a monitor of new technology</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.1007/BF01059564</td>\n",
       "      <td>This paper examines the credibility of the deficit model of resistance to change in a case study on office automation. A functional analysis of resistance to change is conducted using narrative interviews and documentary analysis. Resistance to change is shown to occur and to affect the implementation process: resistance is identified as a useful source of information, directing the attention of the change agency to improve hardware, software, and the organization. User attitudes were found to change: global skepticism developed into critical acceptance of the office system. The decision-m...</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>The case highlights some limitations of Lewinian field theory in studying resistance to change.</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.34</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.66</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>7167</th>\n",
       "      <td>Resistance to change - a monitor of new technology</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.1007/BF01059564</td>\n",
       "      <td>This paper examines the credibility of the deficit model of resistance to change in a case study on office automation. A functional analysis of resistance to change is conducted using narrative interviews and documentary analysis. Resistance to change is shown to occur and to affect the implementation process: resistance is identified as a useful source of information, directing the attention of the change agency to improve hardware, software, and the organization. User attitudes were found to change: global skepticism developed into critical acceptance of the office system. The decision-m...</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>Systems theory may provide a more useful framework, organized around the principle that resistance to change is a functional selfmonitoring subsystem guiding the internal adjustment of the changing organization and thus securing effectiveness.</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.00</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.00</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>7168</th>\n",
       "      <td>Resistance to change - a monitor of new technology</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.1007/BF01059564</td>\n",
       "      <td>This paper examines the credibility of the deficit model of resistance to change in a case study on office automation. A functional analysis of resistance to change is conducted using narrative interviews and documentary analysis. Resistance to change is shown to occur and to affect the implementation process: resistance is identified as a useful source of information, directing the attention of the change agency to improve hardware, software, and the organization. User attitudes were found to change: global skepticism developed into critical acceptance of the office system. The decision-m...</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>This approach may have wider implications for the analysis of social change</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.00</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.00</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>7169</th>\n",
       "      <td>Enhancement of giant magnetoresistance due to spin mixing in magnetic multilayers with a superconducting contact</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.1103/PhysRevB.63.012404</td>\n",
       "      <td>We study the giant magnetoresistance (GMR) ratio in magnetic multilayers wit a single superconducting contact in the presence of spin-mixing processes. It has been recently shown [F. Taddei, S. Sanvito, J.H. Jefferson, and C. J. Lambert, Phys, Rev. Lett, 82, 4938 (1999)] that the GMR ratio of magnetic multilayers is strongly suppressed by the presence of a super conducting contact when spin flipping is not allowed. In this paper we demonstrate that the GMR ratio can be dramatically enhanced by spin-orbit interaction and/or noncollinear magnetic moments. The system is described using a tigh...</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>We study the giant magnetoresistance (GMR) ratio in magnetic multilayers wit a single superconducting contact in the presence of spin-mixing processes.</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.99</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.01</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>7170</th>\n",
       "      <td>Enhancement of giant magnetoresistance due to spin mixing in magnetic multilayers with a superconducting contact</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.1103/PhysRevB.63.012404</td>\n",
       "      <td>We study the giant magnetoresistance (GMR) ratio in magnetic multilayers wit a single superconducting contact in the presence of spin-mixing processes. It has been recently shown [F. Taddei, S. Sanvito, J.H. Jefferson, and C. J. Lambert, Phys, Rev. Lett, 82, 4938 (1999)] that the GMR ratio of magnetic multilayers is strongly suppressed by the presence of a super conducting contact when spin flipping is not allowed. In this paper we demonstrate that the GMR ratio can be dramatically enhanced by spin-orbit interaction and/or noncollinear magnetic moments. The system is described using a tigh...</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>It has been recently shown [F. Taddei, S. Sanvito, J.H. Jefferson, and C. J. Lambert, Phys, Rev. Lett, 82, 4938 (1999)] that the GMR ratio of magnetic multilayers is strongly suppressed by the presence of a super conducting contact when spin flipping is not allowed.</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.00</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.00</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>7171</th>\n",
       "      <td>Enhancement of giant magnetoresistance due to spin mixing in magnetic multilayers with a superconducting contact</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.1103/PhysRevB.63.012404</td>\n",
       "      <td>We study the giant magnetoresistance (GMR) ratio in magnetic multilayers wit a single superconducting contact in the presence of spin-mixing processes. It has been recently shown [F. Taddei, S. Sanvito, J.H. Jefferson, and C. J. Lambert, Phys, Rev. Lett, 82, 4938 (1999)] that the GMR ratio of magnetic multilayers is strongly suppressed by the presence of a super conducting contact when spin flipping is not allowed. In this paper we demonstrate that the GMR ratio can be dramatically enhanced by spin-orbit interaction and/or noncollinear magnetic moments. The system is described using a tigh...</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>In this paper we demonstrate that the GMR ratio can be dramatically enhanced by spin-orbit interaction and/or noncollinear magnetic moments.</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.00</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.00</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>7172</th>\n",
       "      <td>Enhancement of giant magnetoresistance due to spin mixing in magnetic multilayers with a superconducting contact</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.1103/PhysRevB.63.012404</td>\n",
       "      <td>We study the giant magnetoresistance (GMR) ratio in magnetic multilayers wit a single superconducting contact in the presence of spin-mixing processes. It has been recently shown [F. Taddei, S. Sanvito, J.H. Jefferson, and C. J. Lambert, Phys, Rev. Lett, 82, 4938 (1999)] that the GMR ratio of magnetic multilayers is strongly suppressed by the presence of a super conducting contact when spin flipping is not allowed. In this paper we demonstrate that the GMR ratio can be dramatically enhanced by spin-orbit interaction and/or noncollinear magnetic moments. The system is described using a tigh...</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>The system is described using a tight-binding model with either s-p-d or s-d atomic orbitals per site</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.00</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.00</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>7173</th>\n",
       "      <td>Atypical gold mineralization in an orogenic setting : the Bohaun Deposit, western Irish Caledonides</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.2113/econgeo.106.3.359</td>\n",
       "      <td>The Bohaun gold deposit in County Galway, western Ireland is located in the Caledonian orogenic belt, proximal to a major accretionary boundary. The mineralization is hosted in a normal extensional fault, representing a zone of repeated extension and vein infilling of open cavities, within clastic sedimentary rocks, which have only reached the late diagenetic zone of low-grade metamorphism. \\ud\\n\\ud\\nThe mineralization consists of undeformed veins, stockworks and breccias. Quartz dominates all the veins and commonly displays multiple growth stages and a variety of classic epithermal textur...</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>The Bohaun gold deposit in County Galway, western Ireland is located in the Caledonian orogenic belt, proximal to a major accretionary boundary.</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.94</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.06</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>7174</th>\n",
       "      <td>Atypical gold mineralization in an orogenic setting : the Bohaun Deposit, western Irish Caledonides</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.2113/econgeo.106.3.359</td>\n",
       "      <td>The Bohaun gold deposit in County Galway, western Ireland is located in the Caledonian orogenic belt, proximal to a major accretionary boundary. The mineralization is hosted in a normal extensional fault, representing a zone of repeated extension and vein infilling of open cavities, within clastic sedimentary rocks, which have only reached the late diagenetic zone of low-grade metamorphism. \\ud\\n\\ud\\nThe mineralization consists of undeformed veins, stockworks and breccias. Quartz dominates all the veins and commonly displays multiple growth stages and a variety of classic epithermal textur...</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>The mineralization is hosted in a normal extensional fault, representing a zone of repeated extension and vein infilling of open cavities, within clastic sedimentary rocks, which have only reached the late diagenetic zone of low-grade metamorphism.</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.99</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.01</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>7175</th>\n",
       "      <td>Atypical gold mineralization in an orogenic setting : the Bohaun Deposit, western Irish Caledonides</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.2113/econgeo.106.3.359</td>\n",
       "      <td>The Bohaun gold deposit in County Galway, western Ireland is located in the Caledonian orogenic belt, proximal to a major accretionary boundary. The mineralization is hosted in a normal extensional fault, representing a zone of repeated extension and vein infilling of open cavities, within clastic sedimentary rocks, which have only reached the late diagenetic zone of low-grade metamorphism. \\ud\\n\\ud\\nThe mineralization consists of undeformed veins, stockworks and breccias. Quartz dominates all the veins and commonly displays multiple growth stages and a variety of classic epithermal textur...</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>\\ud\\n\\ud\\n</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.00</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.00</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>7176</th>\n",
       "      <td>Atypical gold mineralization in an orogenic setting : the Bohaun Deposit, western Irish Caledonides</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.2113/econgeo.106.3.359</td>\n",
       "      <td>The Bohaun gold deposit in County Galway, western Ireland is located in the Caledonian orogenic belt, proximal to a major accretionary boundary. The mineralization is hosted in a normal extensional fault, representing a zone of repeated extension and vein infilling of open cavities, within clastic sedimentary rocks, which have only reached the late diagenetic zone of low-grade metamorphism. \\ud\\n\\ud\\nThe mineralization consists of undeformed veins, stockworks and breccias. Quartz dominates all the veins and commonly displays multiple growth stages and a variety of classic epithermal textur...</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>The mineralization consists of undeformed veins, stockworks and breccias.</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.99</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.01</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>7177</th>\n",
       "      <td>Atypical gold mineralization in an orogenic setting : the Bohaun Deposit, western Irish Caledonides</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.2113/econgeo.106.3.359</td>\n",
       "      <td>The Bohaun gold deposit in County Galway, western Ireland is located in the Caledonian orogenic belt, proximal to a major accretionary boundary. The mineralization is hosted in a normal extensional fault, representing a zone of repeated extension and vein infilling of open cavities, within clastic sedimentary rocks, which have only reached the late diagenetic zone of low-grade metamorphism. \\ud\\n\\ud\\nThe mineralization consists of undeformed veins, stockworks and breccias. Quartz dominates all the veins and commonly displays multiple growth stages and a variety of classic epithermal textur...</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>Quartz dominates all the veins and commonly displays multiple growth stages and a variety of classic epithermal textures, including comb, plumose and banded, indicative of low confining pressures.</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.00</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.00</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>7178</th>\n",
       "      <td>Atypical gold mineralization in an orogenic setting : the Bohaun Deposit, western Irish Caledonides</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.2113/econgeo.106.3.359</td>\n",
       "      <td>The Bohaun gold deposit in County Galway, western Ireland is located in the Caledonian orogenic belt, proximal to a major accretionary boundary. The mineralization is hosted in a normal extensional fault, representing a zone of repeated extension and vein infilling of open cavities, within clastic sedimentary rocks, which have only reached the late diagenetic zone of low-grade metamorphism. \\ud\\n\\ud\\nThe mineralization consists of undeformed veins, stockworks and breccias. Quartz dominates all the veins and commonly displays multiple growth stages and a variety of classic epithermal textur...</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>The veins have a simple mineralogy comprising quartz–sericite–chlorite with minor sulfides, hematite, rare visible gold, with a high silver content (up to 41 wt %), and late barite and dolomite.</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.00</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.00</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>7179</th>\n",
       "      <td>Atypical gold mineralization in an orogenic setting : the Bohaun Deposit, western Irish Caledonides</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.2113/econgeo.106.3.359</td>\n",
       "      <td>The Bohaun gold deposit in County Galway, western Ireland is located in the Caledonian orogenic belt, proximal to a major accretionary boundary. The mineralization is hosted in a normal extensional fault, representing a zone of repeated extension and vein infilling of open cavities, within clastic sedimentary rocks, which have only reached the late diagenetic zone of low-grade metamorphism. \\ud\\n\\ud\\nThe mineralization consists of undeformed veins, stockworks and breccias. Quartz dominates all the veins and commonly displays multiple growth stages and a variety of classic epithermal textur...</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>\\ud\\n\\ud\\nVein quartz is associated with two fluids compositions: Type I with moderate to high salinity (8.0–23.6 wt % NaCl equiv) and Type II with low to moderate salinity (0.0–7.8 wt % NaCl equiv).</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.98</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.02</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>7180</th>\n",
       "      <td>Atypical gold mineralization in an orogenic setting : the Bohaun Deposit, western Irish Caledonides</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.2113/econgeo.106.3.359</td>\n",
       "      <td>The Bohaun gold deposit in County Galway, western Ireland is located in the Caledonian orogenic belt, proximal to a major accretionary boundary. The mineralization is hosted in a normal extensional fault, representing a zone of repeated extension and vein infilling of open cavities, within clastic sedimentary rocks, which have only reached the late diagenetic zone of low-grade metamorphism. \\ud\\n\\ud\\nThe mineralization consists of undeformed veins, stockworks and breccias. Quartz dominates all the veins and commonly displays multiple growth stages and a variety of classic epithermal textur...</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>CO2 contents in both fluid types are &lt;3.5 wt percent.</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.99</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.01</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>7181</th>\n",
       "      <td>Atypical gold mineralization in an orogenic setting : the Bohaun Deposit, western Irish Caledonides</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.2113/econgeo.106.3.359</td>\n",
       "      <td>The Bohaun gold deposit in County Galway, western Ireland is located in the Caledonian orogenic belt, proximal to a major accretionary boundary. The mineralization is hosted in a normal extensional fault, representing a zone of repeated extension and vein infilling of open cavities, within clastic sedimentary rocks, which have only reached the late diagenetic zone of low-grade metamorphism. \\ud\\n\\ud\\nThe mineralization consists of undeformed veins, stockworks and breccias. Quartz dominates all the veins and commonly displays multiple growth stages and a variety of classic epithermal textur...</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>The majority of fluid inclusion homogenization temperatures range from 126 to 257oC and geologically constrained depth estimates (≤5 km) indicate maximum fluid inclusion trapping temperatures between 175 and 245°C.\\ud\\n\\ud\\n</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.00</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.00</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>7182</th>\n",
       "      <td>Atypical gold mineralization in an orogenic setting : the Bohaun Deposit, western Irish Caledonides</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.2113/econgeo.106.3.359</td>\n",
       "      <td>The Bohaun gold deposit in County Galway, western Ireland is located in the Caledonian orogenic belt, proximal to a major accretionary boundary. The mineralization is hosted in a normal extensional fault, representing a zone of repeated extension and vein infilling of open cavities, within clastic sedimentary rocks, which have only reached the late diagenetic zone of low-grade metamorphism. \\ud\\n\\ud\\nThe mineralization consists of undeformed veins, stockworks and breccias. Quartz dominates all the veins and commonly displays multiple growth stages and a variety of classic epithermal textur...</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>The geodynamic setting of Bohaun, which comprises a deformed continental margin of an allochthonous terrane, is typical of orogenic gold deposits.</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.00</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.00</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>7183</th>\n",
       "      <td>Atypical gold mineralization in an orogenic setting : the Bohaun Deposit, western Irish Caledonides</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.2113/econgeo.106.3.359</td>\n",
       "      <td>The Bohaun gold deposit in County Galway, western Ireland is located in the Caledonian orogenic belt, proximal to a major accretionary boundary. The mineralization is hosted in a normal extensional fault, representing a zone of repeated extension and vein infilling of open cavities, within clastic sedimentary rocks, which have only reached the late diagenetic zone of low-grade metamorphism. \\ud\\n\\ud\\nThe mineralization consists of undeformed veins, stockworks and breccias. Quartz dominates all the veins and commonly displays multiple growth stages and a variety of classic epithermal textur...</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>However, an orogenic association for the Bohaun mineralization is discounted on the basis of fluid inclusion evidence, atypical vein textures, gold grain composition and undeformed veins.</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.65</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.35</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>7184</th>\n",
       "      <td>Atypical gold mineralization in an orogenic setting : the Bohaun Deposit, western Irish Caledonides</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.2113/econgeo.106.3.359</td>\n",
       "      <td>The Bohaun gold deposit in County Galway, western Ireland is located in the Caledonian orogenic belt, proximal to a major accretionary boundary. The mineralization is hosted in a normal extensional fault, representing a zone of repeated extension and vein infilling of open cavities, within clastic sedimentary rocks, which have only reached the late diagenetic zone of low-grade metamorphism. \\ud\\n\\ud\\nThe mineralization consists of undeformed veins, stockworks and breccias. Quartz dominates all the veins and commonly displays multiple growth stages and a variety of classic epithermal textur...</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>While vein textures locally resemble those found in epithermal quartz–adularia mineralization, there is no obvious magmatic association and alteration is restricted to the veins and immediate host rocks.</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.67</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.33</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>7185</th>\n",
       "      <td>Atypical gold mineralization in an orogenic setting : the Bohaun Deposit, western Irish Caledonides</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.2113/econgeo.106.3.359</td>\n",
       "      <td>The Bohaun gold deposit in County Galway, western Ireland is located in the Caledonian orogenic belt, proximal to a major accretionary boundary. The mineralization is hosted in a normal extensional fault, representing a zone of repeated extension and vein infilling of open cavities, within clastic sedimentary rocks, which have only reached the late diagenetic zone of low-grade metamorphism. \\ud\\n\\ud\\nThe mineralization consists of undeformed veins, stockworks and breccias. Quartz dominates all the veins and commonly displays multiple growth stages and a variety of classic epithermal textur...</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>\\ud\\n\\ud\\nThe origin of the gold at Bohaun remains enigmatic.</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.96</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.04</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>7186</th>\n",
       "      <td>Atypical gold mineralization in an orogenic setting : the Bohaun Deposit, western Irish Caledonides</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.2113/econgeo.106.3.359</td>\n",
       "      <td>The Bohaun gold deposit in County Galway, western Ireland is located in the Caledonian orogenic belt, proximal to a major accretionary boundary. The mineralization is hosted in a normal extensional fault, representing a zone of repeated extension and vein infilling of open cavities, within clastic sedimentary rocks, which have only reached the late diagenetic zone of low-grade metamorphism. \\ud\\n\\ud\\nThe mineralization consists of undeformed veins, stockworks and breccias. Quartz dominates all the veins and commonly displays multiple growth stages and a variety of classic epithermal textur...</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>However, we favor an association with widespread Carboniferous or later mineralizing fluids and a model which involves transport and deposition of gold from a basinal brine type fluid, in a similar fashion to red-bed Au–Pd mineralization.</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.00</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.00</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>7187</th>\n",
       "      <td>Atypical gold mineralization in an orogenic setting : the Bohaun Deposit, western Irish Caledonides</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.2113/econgeo.106.3.359</td>\n",
       "      <td>The Bohaun gold deposit in County Galway, western Ireland is located in the Caledonian orogenic belt, proximal to a major accretionary boundary. The mineralization is hosted in a normal extensional fault, representing a zone of repeated extension and vein infilling of open cavities, within clastic sedimentary rocks, which have only reached the late diagenetic zone of low-grade metamorphism. \\ud\\n\\ud\\nThe mineralization consists of undeformed veins, stockworks and breccias. Quartz dominates all the veins and commonly displays multiple growth stages and a variety of classic epithermal textur...</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>Bohaun provides further evidence that low temperature brines may be capable of generating economic grade gold mineralization, independent of other fluids.\\u</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.00</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.00</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>7188</th>\n",
       "      <td>Induced gamma band responses predict recognition delays during object identification</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.1162/jocn.2007.19.6.921</td>\n",
       "      <td>Peer reviewedPublisher PD</td>\n",
       "      <td>[{'title': None, 'identifiers': ['0898-929x', 'issn:0898-929X']}]</td>\n",
       "      <td>Peer reviewedPublisher PD</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.91</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.09</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>7189</th>\n",
       "      <td>Ultrasound-mediated DNA transfer for bacteria</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.1093/nar</td>\n",
       "      <td>In environmental microbiology, the most commonly used methods of bacterial DNA transfer are conjugation and electroporation. However, conjugation requires physical contact and cell–pilus–cell interactions; electroporation requires low-ionic strength medium and high voltage. These limitations have hampered broad applications of bacterial DNA delivery. We have employed a standard low frequency 40 kHz ultrasound bath to successfully transfer plasmid pBBR1MCS2 into Pseudomonas putida UWC1, Escherichia coli DH5 and Pseudomonas fluorescens SBW25 with high efficiency. Under optimal conditions: ul...</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>In environmental microbiology, the most commonly used methods of bacterial DNA transfer are conjugation and electroporation.</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.00</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.00</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>7190</th>\n",
       "      <td>Ultrasound-mediated DNA transfer for bacteria</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.1093/nar</td>\n",
       "      <td>In environmental microbiology, the most commonly used methods of bacterial DNA transfer are conjugation and electroporation. However, conjugation requires physical contact and cell–pilus–cell interactions; electroporation requires low-ionic strength medium and high voltage. These limitations have hampered broad applications of bacterial DNA delivery. We have employed a standard low frequency 40 kHz ultrasound bath to successfully transfer plasmid pBBR1MCS2 into Pseudomonas putida UWC1, Escherichia coli DH5 and Pseudomonas fluorescens SBW25 with high efficiency. Under optimal conditions: ul...</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>However, conjugation requires physical contact and cell–pilus–cell interactions; electroporation requires low-ionic strength medium and high voltage.</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.44</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.56</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>7191</th>\n",
       "      <td>Ultrasound-mediated DNA transfer for bacteria</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.1093/nar</td>\n",
       "      <td>In environmental microbiology, the most commonly used methods of bacterial DNA transfer are conjugation and electroporation. However, conjugation requires physical contact and cell–pilus–cell interactions; electroporation requires low-ionic strength medium and high voltage. These limitations have hampered broad applications of bacterial DNA delivery. We have employed a standard low frequency 40 kHz ultrasound bath to successfully transfer plasmid pBBR1MCS2 into Pseudomonas putida UWC1, Escherichia coli DH5 and Pseudomonas fluorescens SBW25 with high efficiency. Under optimal conditions: ul...</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>These limitations have hampered broad applications of bacterial DNA delivery.</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.90</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.10</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>7192</th>\n",
       "      <td>Ultrasound-mediated DNA transfer for bacteria</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.1093/nar</td>\n",
       "      <td>In environmental microbiology, the most commonly used methods of bacterial DNA transfer are conjugation and electroporation. However, conjugation requires physical contact and cell–pilus–cell interactions; electroporation requires low-ionic strength medium and high voltage. These limitations have hampered broad applications of bacterial DNA delivery. We have employed a standard low frequency 40 kHz ultrasound bath to successfully transfer plasmid pBBR1MCS2 into Pseudomonas putida UWC1, Escherichia coli DH5 and Pseudomonas fluorescens SBW25 with high efficiency. Under optimal conditions: ul...</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>We have employed a standard low frequency 40 kHz ultrasound bath to successfully transfer plasmid pBBR1MCS2 into Pseudomonas putida UWC1, Escherichia coli DH5 and Pseudomonas fluorescens SBW25 with high efficiency.</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.00</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.00</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>7193</th>\n",
       "      <td>Ultrasound-mediated DNA transfer for bacteria</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.1093/nar</td>\n",
       "      <td>In environmental microbiology, the most commonly used methods of bacterial DNA transfer are conjugation and electroporation. However, conjugation requires physical contact and cell–pilus–cell interactions; electroporation requires low-ionic strength medium and high voltage. These limitations have hampered broad applications of bacterial DNA delivery. We have employed a standard low frequency 40 kHz ultrasound bath to successfully transfer plasmid pBBR1MCS2 into Pseudomonas putida UWC1, Escherichia coli DH5 and Pseudomonas fluorescens SBW25 with high efficiency. Under optimal conditions: ul...</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>Under optimal conditions: ultrasound exposure time of 10 s, 50 mM CaCl2, temperature of 22°C, plasmid concentration of 0.8 ng/µl, P. putida UWC1 cell concentration of 2.5 x 109 CFU (colony forming unit)/ml and reaction volume of 500 µl, the efficiency of ultrasound DNA delivery (UDD) was 9.8 ± 2.3 x 10–6 transformants per cell, which was nine times more efficient than conjugation, and even four times greater than electroporation.</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.00</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.00</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>7194</th>\n",
       "      <td>Ultrasound-mediated DNA transfer for bacteria</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.1093/nar</td>\n",
       "      <td>In environmental microbiology, the most commonly used methods of bacterial DNA transfer are conjugation and electroporation. However, conjugation requires physical contact and cell–pilus–cell interactions; electroporation requires low-ionic strength medium and high voltage. These limitations have hampered broad applications of bacterial DNA delivery. We have employed a standard low frequency 40 kHz ultrasound bath to successfully transfer plasmid pBBR1MCS2 into Pseudomonas putida UWC1, Escherichia coli DH5 and Pseudomonas fluorescens SBW25 with high efficiency. Under optimal conditions: ul...</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>We have also transferred pBBR1MCS2 into E. coli DH5 and P. fluorescens SBW25 with efficiencies of 1.16 ± 0.13 x 10–6 and 4.33 ± 0.78 x 10–6 transformants per cell, respectively.</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.00</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.00</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>7195</th>\n",
       "      <td>Ultrasound-mediated DNA transfer for bacteria</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.1093/nar</td>\n",
       "      <td>In environmental microbiology, the most commonly used methods of bacterial DNA transfer are conjugation and electroporation. However, conjugation requires physical contact and cell–pilus–cell interactions; electroporation requires low-ionic strength medium and high voltage. These limitations have hampered broad applications of bacterial DNA delivery. We have employed a standard low frequency 40 kHz ultrasound bath to successfully transfer plasmid pBBR1MCS2 into Pseudomonas putida UWC1, Escherichia coli DH5 and Pseudomonas fluorescens SBW25 with high efficiency. Under optimal conditions: ul...</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>Low frequency UDD can be readily scaled up, allowing for the application of UDD not only in laboratory conditions but also on an industrial scale</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.00</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.00</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "<p>7196 rows × 9 columns</p>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "                                                                                                                 title  \\\n",
       "0                                                        Transport of plasma sheet material to the inner magnetosphere   \n",
       "1                                                        Transport of plasma sheet material to the inner magnetosphere   \n",
       "2                                                        Transport of plasma sheet material to the inner magnetosphere   \n",
       "3                                                        Transport of plasma sheet material to the inner magnetosphere   \n",
       "4                     Eddy current measurements of electrical conductivity and magnetic permeability of porous metals.   \n",
       "5                     Eddy current measurements of electrical conductivity and magnetic permeability of porous metals.   \n",
       "6                     Eddy current measurements of electrical conductivity and magnetic permeability of porous metals.   \n",
       "7                     Eddy current measurements of electrical conductivity and magnetic permeability of porous metals.   \n",
       "8                     Eddy current measurements of electrical conductivity and magnetic permeability of porous metals.   \n",
       "9                     Eddy current measurements of electrical conductivity and magnetic permeability of porous metals.   \n",
       "10                    Eddy current measurements of electrical conductivity and magnetic permeability of porous metals.   \n",
       "11                    Eddy current measurements of electrical conductivity and magnetic permeability of porous metals.   \n",
       "12                                                         Eggshell pigmentation indicates pesticide\\ud\\ncontamination   \n",
       "13                                                         Eggshell pigmentation indicates pesticide\\ud\\ncontamination   \n",
       "14                                                         Eggshell pigmentation indicates pesticide\\ud\\ncontamination   \n",
       "15                                                         Eggshell pigmentation indicates pesticide\\ud\\ncontamination   \n",
       "16                                                         Eggshell pigmentation indicates pesticide\\ud\\ncontamination   \n",
       "17                                                         Eggshell pigmentation indicates pesticide\\ud\\ncontamination   \n",
       "18                                                         Eggshell pigmentation indicates pesticide\\ud\\ncontamination   \n",
       "19                                                         Eggshell pigmentation indicates pesticide\\ud\\ncontamination   \n",
       "20                                                         Eggshell pigmentation indicates pesticide\\ud\\ncontamination   \n",
       "21                                                         Eggshell pigmentation indicates pesticide\\ud\\ncontamination   \n",
       "22                                                         Eggshell pigmentation indicates pesticide\\ud\\ncontamination   \n",
       "23                                                         Eggshell pigmentation indicates pesticide\\ud\\ncontamination   \n",
       "24                                                         Eggshell pigmentation indicates pesticide\\ud\\ncontamination   \n",
       "25                                                         Eggshell pigmentation indicates pesticide\\ud\\ncontamination   \n",
       "26                                                         Eggshell pigmentation indicates pesticide\\ud\\ncontamination   \n",
       "27                                                         Eggshell pigmentation indicates pesticide\\ud\\ncontamination   \n",
       "28                                                         Eggshell pigmentation indicates pesticide\\ud\\ncontamination   \n",
       "29                                                         Eggshell pigmentation indicates pesticide\\ud\\ncontamination   \n",
       "...                                                                                                                ...   \n",
       "7166                                                                Resistance to change - a monitor of new technology   \n",
       "7167                                                                Resistance to change - a monitor of new technology   \n",
       "7168                                                                Resistance to change - a monitor of new technology   \n",
       "7169  Enhancement of giant magnetoresistance due to spin mixing in magnetic multilayers with a superconducting contact   \n",
       "7170  Enhancement of giant magnetoresistance due to spin mixing in magnetic multilayers with a superconducting contact   \n",
       "7171  Enhancement of giant magnetoresistance due to spin mixing in magnetic multilayers with a superconducting contact   \n",
       "7172  Enhancement of giant magnetoresistance due to spin mixing in magnetic multilayers with a superconducting contact   \n",
       "7173               Atypical gold mineralization in an orogenic setting : the Bohaun Deposit, western Irish Caledonides   \n",
       "7174               Atypical gold mineralization in an orogenic setting : the Bohaun Deposit, western Irish Caledonides   \n",
       "7175               Atypical gold mineralization in an orogenic setting : the Bohaun Deposit, western Irish Caledonides   \n",
       "7176               Atypical gold mineralization in an orogenic setting : the Bohaun Deposit, western Irish Caledonides   \n",
       "7177               Atypical gold mineralization in an orogenic setting : the Bohaun Deposit, western Irish Caledonides   \n",
       "7178               Atypical gold mineralization in an orogenic setting : the Bohaun Deposit, western Irish Caledonides   \n",
       "7179               Atypical gold mineralization in an orogenic setting : the Bohaun Deposit, western Irish Caledonides   \n",
       "7180               Atypical gold mineralization in an orogenic setting : the Bohaun Deposit, western Irish Caledonides   \n",
       "7181               Atypical gold mineralization in an orogenic setting : the Bohaun Deposit, western Irish Caledonides   \n",
       "7182               Atypical gold mineralization in an orogenic setting : the Bohaun Deposit, western Irish Caledonides   \n",
       "7183               Atypical gold mineralization in an orogenic setting : the Bohaun Deposit, western Irish Caledonides   \n",
       "7184               Atypical gold mineralization in an orogenic setting : the Bohaun Deposit, western Irish Caledonides   \n",
       "7185               Atypical gold mineralization in an orogenic setting : the Bohaun Deposit, western Irish Caledonides   \n",
       "7186               Atypical gold mineralization in an orogenic setting : the Bohaun Deposit, western Irish Caledonides   \n",
       "7187               Atypical gold mineralization in an orogenic setting : the Bohaun Deposit, western Irish Caledonides   \n",
       "7188                              Induced gamma band responses predict recognition delays during object identification   \n",
       "7189                                                                     Ultrasound-mediated DNA transfer for bacteria   \n",
       "7190                                                                     Ultrasound-mediated DNA transfer for bacteria   \n",
       "7191                                                                     Ultrasound-mediated DNA transfer for bacteria   \n",
       "7192                                                                     Ultrasound-mediated DNA transfer for bacteria   \n",
       "7193                                                                     Ultrasound-mediated DNA transfer for bacteria   \n",
       "7194                                                                     Ultrasound-mediated DNA transfer for bacteria   \n",
       "7195                                                                     Ultrasound-mediated DNA transfer for bacteria   \n",
       "\n",
       "                                   doi  \\\n",
       "0                 10.1029/2006GL027886   \n",
       "1                 10.1029/2006GL027886   \n",
       "2                 10.1029/2006GL027886   \n",
       "3                 10.1029/2006GL027886   \n",
       "4        10.1016/j.ndteint.2006.03.008   \n",
       "5        10.1016/j.ndteint.2006.03.008   \n",
       "6        10.1016/j.ndteint.2006.03.008   \n",
       "7        10.1016/j.ndteint.2006.03.008   \n",
       "8        10.1016/j.ndteint.2006.03.008   \n",
       "9        10.1016/j.ndteint.2006.03.008   \n",
       "10       10.1016/j.ndteint.2006.03.008   \n",
       "11       10.1016/j.ndteint.2006.03.008   \n",
       "12    10.1111/j.1365-2664.2007.01386.x   \n",
       "13    10.1111/j.1365-2664.2007.01386.x   \n",
       "14    10.1111/j.1365-2664.2007.01386.x   \n",
       "15    10.1111/j.1365-2664.2007.01386.x   \n",
       "16    10.1111/j.1365-2664.2007.01386.x   \n",
       "17    10.1111/j.1365-2664.2007.01386.x   \n",
       "18    10.1111/j.1365-2664.2007.01386.x   \n",
       "19    10.1111/j.1365-2664.2007.01386.x   \n",
       "20    10.1111/j.1365-2664.2007.01386.x   \n",
       "21    10.1111/j.1365-2664.2007.01386.x   \n",
       "22    10.1111/j.1365-2664.2007.01386.x   \n",
       "23    10.1111/j.1365-2664.2007.01386.x   \n",
       "24    10.1111/j.1365-2664.2007.01386.x   \n",
       "25    10.1111/j.1365-2664.2007.01386.x   \n",
       "26    10.1111/j.1365-2664.2007.01386.x   \n",
       "27    10.1111/j.1365-2664.2007.01386.x   \n",
       "28    10.1111/j.1365-2664.2007.01386.x   \n",
       "29    10.1111/j.1365-2664.2007.01386.x   \n",
       "...                                ...   \n",
       "7166                10.1007/BF01059564   \n",
       "7167                10.1007/BF01059564   \n",
       "7168                10.1007/BF01059564   \n",
       "7169        10.1103/PhysRevB.63.012404   \n",
       "7170        10.1103/PhysRevB.63.012404   \n",
       "7171        10.1103/PhysRevB.63.012404   \n",
       "7172        10.1103/PhysRevB.63.012404   \n",
       "7173         10.2113/econgeo.106.3.359   \n",
       "7174         10.2113/econgeo.106.3.359   \n",
       "7175         10.2113/econgeo.106.3.359   \n",
       "7176         10.2113/econgeo.106.3.359   \n",
       "7177         10.2113/econgeo.106.3.359   \n",
       "7178         10.2113/econgeo.106.3.359   \n",
       "7179         10.2113/econgeo.106.3.359   \n",
       "7180         10.2113/econgeo.106.3.359   \n",
       "7181         10.2113/econgeo.106.3.359   \n",
       "7182         10.2113/econgeo.106.3.359   \n",
       "7183         10.2113/econgeo.106.3.359   \n",
       "7184         10.2113/econgeo.106.3.359   \n",
       "7185         10.2113/econgeo.106.3.359   \n",
       "7186         10.2113/econgeo.106.3.359   \n",
       "7187         10.2113/econgeo.106.3.359   \n",
       "7188        10.1162/jocn.2007.19.6.921   \n",
       "7189                       10.1093/nar   \n",
       "7190                       10.1093/nar   \n",
       "7191                       10.1093/nar   \n",
       "7192                       10.1093/nar   \n",
       "7193                       10.1093/nar   \n",
       "7194                       10.1093/nar   \n",
       "7195                       10.1093/nar   \n",
       "\n",
       "                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     abstract  \\\n",
       "0     The reaction of the plasma sheet in response to an increase in magnetospheric convection is examined using a combination of energetic neutral atom (ENA) imaging and in situ observations. Data from the IMAGE/MENA instrument are examined in conjunction with observations from the magnetospheric plasma analyzer (MPA) instrument onboard the Los Alamos 1994-084 satellite located in geosynchronous orbit. Examination of the MENA data during an enhanced convection event reveal that between 12:00 and 14:30 UT on 26 June 2001, ENA emissions from the plasma sheet material are observed to strengthen an...   \n",
       "1     The reaction of the plasma sheet in response to an increase in magnetospheric convection is examined using a combination of energetic neutral atom (ENA) imaging and in situ observations. Data from the IMAGE/MENA instrument are examined in conjunction with observations from the magnetospheric plasma analyzer (MPA) instrument onboard the Los Alamos 1994-084 satellite located in geosynchronous orbit. Examination of the MENA data during an enhanced convection event reveal that between 12:00 and 14:30 UT on 26 June 2001, ENA emissions from the plasma sheet material are observed to strengthen an...   \n",
       "2     The reaction of the plasma sheet in response to an increase in magnetospheric convection is examined using a combination of energetic neutral atom (ENA) imaging and in situ observations. Data from the IMAGE/MENA instrument are examined in conjunction with observations from the magnetospheric plasma analyzer (MPA) instrument onboard the Los Alamos 1994-084 satellite located in geosynchronous orbit. Examination of the MENA data during an enhanced convection event reveal that between 12:00 and 14:30 UT on 26 June 2001, ENA emissions from the plasma sheet material are observed to strengthen an...   \n",
       "3     The reaction of the plasma sheet in response to an increase in magnetospheric convection is examined using a combination of energetic neutral atom (ENA) imaging and in situ observations. Data from the IMAGE/MENA instrument are examined in conjunction with observations from the magnetospheric plasma analyzer (MPA) instrument onboard the Los Alamos 1994-084 satellite located in geosynchronous orbit. Examination of the MENA data during an enhanced convection event reveal that between 12:00 and 14:30 UT on 26 June 2001, ENA emissions from the plasma sheet material are observed to strengthen an...   \n",
       "4     This paper presents a method, which simultaneously estimates the electrical conductivity and magnetic permeability of porous metals. Porous Cu and Fe manufactured by the lost carbonate sintering process have been tested. An air-cored solenoid coil was designed for the measurements of rod-shaped samples when inserted coaxially with the coil. It was theoretically found that the phase-frequency response of the normalised eddy current signal of the coil is virtually independent of the radius, electrical conductivity and magnetic permeability of the test samples. For non-magnetic, conductive po...   \n",
       "5     This paper presents a method, which simultaneously estimates the electrical conductivity and magnetic permeability of porous metals. Porous Cu and Fe manufactured by the lost carbonate sintering process have been tested. An air-cored solenoid coil was designed for the measurements of rod-shaped samples when inserted coaxially with the coil. It was theoretically found that the phase-frequency response of the normalised eddy current signal of the coil is virtually independent of the radius, electrical conductivity and magnetic permeability of the test samples. For non-magnetic, conductive po...   \n",
       "6     This paper presents a method, which simultaneously estimates the electrical conductivity and magnetic permeability of porous metals. Porous Cu and Fe manufactured by the lost carbonate sintering process have been tested. An air-cored solenoid coil was designed for the measurements of rod-shaped samples when inserted coaxially with the coil. It was theoretically found that the phase-frequency response of the normalised eddy current signal of the coil is virtually independent of the radius, electrical conductivity and magnetic permeability of the test samples. For non-magnetic, conductive po...   \n",
       "7     This paper presents a method, which simultaneously estimates the electrical conductivity and magnetic permeability of porous metals. Porous Cu and Fe manufactured by the lost carbonate sintering process have been tested. An air-cored solenoid coil was designed for the measurements of rod-shaped samples when inserted coaxially with the coil. It was theoretically found that the phase-frequency response of the normalised eddy current signal of the coil is virtually independent of the radius, electrical conductivity and magnetic permeability of the test samples. For non-magnetic, conductive po...   \n",
       "8     This paper presents a method, which simultaneously estimates the electrical conductivity and magnetic permeability of porous metals. Porous Cu and Fe manufactured by the lost carbonate sintering process have been tested. An air-cored solenoid coil was designed for the measurements of rod-shaped samples when inserted coaxially with the coil. It was theoretically found that the phase-frequency response of the normalised eddy current signal of the coil is virtually independent of the radius, electrical conductivity and magnetic permeability of the test samples. For non-magnetic, conductive po...   \n",
       "9     This paper presents a method, which simultaneously estimates the electrical conductivity and magnetic permeability of porous metals. Porous Cu and Fe manufactured by the lost carbonate sintering process have been tested. An air-cored solenoid coil was designed for the measurements of rod-shaped samples when inserted coaxially with the coil. It was theoretically found that the phase-frequency response of the normalised eddy current signal of the coil is virtually independent of the radius, electrical conductivity and magnetic permeability of the test samples. For non-magnetic, conductive po...   \n",
       "10    This paper presents a method, which simultaneously estimates the electrical conductivity and magnetic permeability of porous metals. Porous Cu and Fe manufactured by the lost carbonate sintering process have been tested. An air-cored solenoid coil was designed for the measurements of rod-shaped samples when inserted coaxially with the coil. It was theoretically found that the phase-frequency response of the normalised eddy current signal of the coil is virtually independent of the radius, electrical conductivity and magnetic permeability of the test samples. For non-magnetic, conductive po...   \n",
       "11    This paper presents a method, which simultaneously estimates the electrical conductivity and magnetic permeability of porous metals. Porous Cu and Fe manufactured by the lost carbonate sintering process have been tested. An air-cored solenoid coil was designed for the measurements of rod-shaped samples when inserted coaxially with the coil. It was theoretically found that the phase-frequency response of the normalised eddy current signal of the coil is virtually independent of the radius, electrical conductivity and magnetic permeability of the test samples. For non-magnetic, conductive po...   \n",
       "12    1. Persistent pesticide residues remain a significant environmental pollutant, reducing breeding success of predatory birds even where such pesticides have been banned for many years. The ability to detect such residues inexpensively without destructive sampling would be a valuable tool for ecotoxicological monitoring. We suggest that assaying eggshell colour might provide such a tool.\\ud\\n2. Recent studies have revealed two mechanisms affecting eggshell pigmentation in, and believedto be specific to, passerine birds. In the great tit, Parus major, reddish protoporphyrin speckles on their ...   \n",
       "13    1. Persistent pesticide residues remain a significant environmental pollutant, reducing breeding success of predatory birds even where such pesticides have been banned for many years. The ability to detect such residues inexpensively without destructive sampling would be a valuable tool for ecotoxicological monitoring. We suggest that assaying eggshell colour might provide such a tool.\\ud\\n2. Recent studies have revealed two mechanisms affecting eggshell pigmentation in, and believedto be specific to, passerine birds. In the great tit, Parus major, reddish protoporphyrin speckles on their ...   \n",
       "14    1. Persistent pesticide residues remain a significant environmental pollutant, reducing breeding success of predatory birds even where such pesticides have been banned for many years. The ability to detect such residues inexpensively without destructive sampling would be a valuable tool for ecotoxicological monitoring. We suggest that assaying eggshell colour might provide such a tool.\\ud\\n2. Recent studies have revealed two mechanisms affecting eggshell pigmentation in, and believedto be specific to, passerine birds. In the great tit, Parus major, reddish protoporphyrin speckles on their ...   \n",
       "15    1. Persistent pesticide residues remain a significant environmental pollutant, reducing breeding success of predatory birds even where such pesticides have been banned for many years. The ability to detect such residues inexpensively without destructive sampling would be a valuable tool for ecotoxicological monitoring. We suggest that assaying eggshell colour might provide such a tool.\\ud\\n2. Recent studies have revealed two mechanisms affecting eggshell pigmentation in, and believedto be specific to, passerine birds. In the great tit, Parus major, reddish protoporphyrin speckles on their ...   \n",
       "16    1. Persistent pesticide residues remain a significant environmental pollutant, reducing breeding success of predatory birds even where such pesticides have been banned for many years. The ability to detect such residues inexpensively without destructive sampling would be a valuable tool for ecotoxicological monitoring. We suggest that assaying eggshell colour might provide such a tool.\\ud\\n2. Recent studies have revealed two mechanisms affecting eggshell pigmentation in, and believedto be specific to, passerine birds. In the great tit, Parus major, reddish protoporphyrin speckles on their ...   \n",
       "17    1. Persistent pesticide residues remain a significant environmental pollutant, reducing breeding success of predatory birds even where such pesticides have been banned for many years. The ability to detect such residues inexpensively without destructive sampling would be a valuable tool for ecotoxicological monitoring. We suggest that assaying eggshell colour might provide such a tool.\\ud\\n2. Recent studies have revealed two mechanisms affecting eggshell pigmentation in, and believedto be specific to, passerine birds. In the great tit, Parus major, reddish protoporphyrin speckles on their ...   \n",
       "18    1. Persistent pesticide residues remain a significant environmental pollutant, reducing breeding success of predatory birds even where such pesticides have been banned for many years. The ability to detect such residues inexpensively without destructive sampling would be a valuable tool for ecotoxicological monitoring. We suggest that assaying eggshell colour might provide such a tool.\\ud\\n2. Recent studies have revealed two mechanisms affecting eggshell pigmentation in, and believedto be specific to, passerine birds. In the great tit, Parus major, reddish protoporphyrin speckles on their ...   \n",
       "19    1. Persistent pesticide residues remain a significant environmental pollutant, reducing breeding success of predatory birds even where such pesticides have been banned for many years. The ability to detect such residues inexpensively without destructive sampling would be a valuable tool for ecotoxicological monitoring. We suggest that assaying eggshell colour might provide such a tool.\\ud\\n2. Recent studies have revealed two mechanisms affecting eggshell pigmentation in, and believedto be specific to, passerine birds. In the great tit, Parus major, reddish protoporphyrin speckles on their ...   \n",
       "20    1. Persistent pesticide residues remain a significant environmental pollutant, reducing breeding success of predatory birds even where such pesticides have been banned for many years. The ability to detect such residues inexpensively without destructive sampling would be a valuable tool for ecotoxicological monitoring. We suggest that assaying eggshell colour might provide such a tool.\\ud\\n2. Recent studies have revealed two mechanisms affecting eggshell pigmentation in, and believedto be specific to, passerine birds. In the great tit, Parus major, reddish protoporphyrin speckles on their ...   \n",
       "21    1. Persistent pesticide residues remain a significant environmental pollutant, reducing breeding success of predatory birds even where such pesticides have been banned for many years. The ability to detect such residues inexpensively without destructive sampling would be a valuable tool for ecotoxicological monitoring. We suggest that assaying eggshell colour might provide such a tool.\\ud\\n2. Recent studies have revealed two mechanisms affecting eggshell pigmentation in, and believedto be specific to, passerine birds. In the great tit, Parus major, reddish protoporphyrin speckles on their ...   \n",
       "22    1. Persistent pesticide residues remain a significant environmental pollutant, reducing breeding success of predatory birds even where such pesticides have been banned for many years. The ability to detect such residues inexpensively without destructive sampling would be a valuable tool for ecotoxicological monitoring. We suggest that assaying eggshell colour might provide such a tool.\\ud\\n2. Recent studies have revealed two mechanisms affecting eggshell pigmentation in, and believedto be specific to, passerine birds. In the great tit, Parus major, reddish protoporphyrin speckles on their ...   \n",
       "23    1. Persistent pesticide residues remain a significant environmental pollutant, reducing breeding success of predatory birds even where such pesticides have been banned for many years. The ability to detect such residues inexpensively without destructive sampling would be a valuable tool for ecotoxicological monitoring. We suggest that assaying eggshell colour might provide such a tool.\\ud\\n2. Recent studies have revealed two mechanisms affecting eggshell pigmentation in, and believedto be specific to, passerine birds. In the great tit, Parus major, reddish protoporphyrin speckles on their ...   \n",
       "24    1. Persistent pesticide residues remain a significant environmental pollutant, reducing breeding success of predatory birds even where such pesticides have been banned for many years. The ability to detect such residues inexpensively without destructive sampling would be a valuable tool for ecotoxicological monitoring. We suggest that assaying eggshell colour might provide such a tool.\\ud\\n2. Recent studies have revealed two mechanisms affecting eggshell pigmentation in, and believedto be specific to, passerine birds. In the great tit, Parus major, reddish protoporphyrin speckles on their ...   \n",
       "25    1. Persistent pesticide residues remain a significant environmental pollutant, reducing breeding success of predatory birds even where such pesticides have been banned for many years. The ability to detect such residues inexpensively without destructive sampling would be a valuable tool for ecotoxicological monitoring. We suggest that assaying eggshell colour might provide such a tool.\\ud\\n2. Recent studies have revealed two mechanisms affecting eggshell pigmentation in, and believedto be specific to, passerine birds. In the great tit, Parus major, reddish protoporphyrin speckles on their ...   \n",
       "26    1. Persistent pesticide residues remain a significant environmental pollutant, reducing breeding success of predatory birds even where such pesticides have been banned for many years. The ability to detect such residues inexpensively without destructive sampling would be a valuable tool for ecotoxicological monitoring. We suggest that assaying eggshell colour might provide such a tool.\\ud\\n2. Recent studies have revealed two mechanisms affecting eggshell pigmentation in, and believedto be specific to, passerine birds. In the great tit, Parus major, reddish protoporphyrin speckles on their ...   \n",
       "27    1. Persistent pesticide residues remain a significant environmental pollutant, reducing breeding success of predatory birds even where such pesticides have been banned for many years. The ability to detect such residues inexpensively without destructive sampling would be a valuable tool for ecotoxicological monitoring. We suggest that assaying eggshell colour might provide such a tool.\\ud\\n2. Recent studies have revealed two mechanisms affecting eggshell pigmentation in, and believedto be specific to, passerine birds. In the great tit, Parus major, reddish protoporphyrin speckles on their ...   \n",
       "28    1. Persistent pesticide residues remain a significant environmental pollutant, reducing breeding success of predatory birds even where such pesticides have been banned for many years. The ability to detect such residues inexpensively without destructive sampling would be a valuable tool for ecotoxicological monitoring. We suggest that assaying eggshell colour might provide such a tool.\\ud\\n2. Recent studies have revealed two mechanisms affecting eggshell pigmentation in, and believedto be specific to, passerine birds. In the great tit, Parus major, reddish protoporphyrin speckles on their ...   \n",
       "29    1. Persistent pesticide residues remain a significant environmental pollutant, reducing breeding success of predatory birds even where such pesticides have been banned for many years. The ability to detect such residues inexpensively without destructive sampling would be a valuable tool for ecotoxicological monitoring. We suggest that assaying eggshell colour might provide such a tool.\\ud\\n2. Recent studies have revealed two mechanisms affecting eggshell pigmentation in, and believedto be specific to, passerine birds. In the great tit, Parus major, reddish protoporphyrin speckles on their ...   \n",
       "...                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       ...   \n",
       "7166  This paper examines the credibility of the deficit model of resistance to change in a case study on office automation. A functional analysis of resistance to change is conducted using narrative interviews and documentary analysis. Resistance to change is shown to occur and to affect the implementation process: resistance is identified as a useful source of information, directing the attention of the change agency to improve hardware, software, and the organization. User attitudes were found to change: global skepticism developed into critical acceptance of the office system. The decision-m...   \n",
       "7167  This paper examines the credibility of the deficit model of resistance to change in a case study on office automation. A functional analysis of resistance to change is conducted using narrative interviews and documentary analysis. Resistance to change is shown to occur and to affect the implementation process: resistance is identified as a useful source of information, directing the attention of the change agency to improve hardware, software, and the organization. User attitudes were found to change: global skepticism developed into critical acceptance of the office system. The decision-m...   \n",
       "7168  This paper examines the credibility of the deficit model of resistance to change in a case study on office automation. A functional analysis of resistance to change is conducted using narrative interviews and documentary analysis. Resistance to change is shown to occur and to affect the implementation process: resistance is identified as a useful source of information, directing the attention of the change agency to improve hardware, software, and the organization. User attitudes were found to change: global skepticism developed into critical acceptance of the office system. The decision-m...   \n",
       "7169  We study the giant magnetoresistance (GMR) ratio in magnetic multilayers wit a single superconducting contact in the presence of spin-mixing processes. It has been recently shown [F. Taddei, S. Sanvito, J.H. Jefferson, and C. J. Lambert, Phys, Rev. Lett, 82, 4938 (1999)] that the GMR ratio of magnetic multilayers is strongly suppressed by the presence of a super conducting contact when spin flipping is not allowed. In this paper we demonstrate that the GMR ratio can be dramatically enhanced by spin-orbit interaction and/or noncollinear magnetic moments. The system is described using a tigh...   \n",
       "7170  We study the giant magnetoresistance (GMR) ratio in magnetic multilayers wit a single superconducting contact in the presence of spin-mixing processes. It has been recently shown [F. Taddei, S. Sanvito, J.H. Jefferson, and C. J. Lambert, Phys, Rev. Lett, 82, 4938 (1999)] that the GMR ratio of magnetic multilayers is strongly suppressed by the presence of a super conducting contact when spin flipping is not allowed. In this paper we demonstrate that the GMR ratio can be dramatically enhanced by spin-orbit interaction and/or noncollinear magnetic moments. The system is described using a tigh...   \n",
       "7171  We study the giant magnetoresistance (GMR) ratio in magnetic multilayers wit a single superconducting contact in the presence of spin-mixing processes. It has been recently shown [F. Taddei, S. Sanvito, J.H. Jefferson, and C. J. Lambert, Phys, Rev. Lett, 82, 4938 (1999)] that the GMR ratio of magnetic multilayers is strongly suppressed by the presence of a super conducting contact when spin flipping is not allowed. In this paper we demonstrate that the GMR ratio can be dramatically enhanced by spin-orbit interaction and/or noncollinear magnetic moments. The system is described using a tigh...   \n",
       "7172  We study the giant magnetoresistance (GMR) ratio in magnetic multilayers wit a single superconducting contact in the presence of spin-mixing processes. It has been recently shown [F. Taddei, S. Sanvito, J.H. Jefferson, and C. J. Lambert, Phys, Rev. Lett, 82, 4938 (1999)] that the GMR ratio of magnetic multilayers is strongly suppressed by the presence of a super conducting contact when spin flipping is not allowed. In this paper we demonstrate that the GMR ratio can be dramatically enhanced by spin-orbit interaction and/or noncollinear magnetic moments. The system is described using a tigh...   \n",
       "7173  The Bohaun gold deposit in County Galway, western Ireland is located in the Caledonian orogenic belt, proximal to a major accretionary boundary. The mineralization is hosted in a normal extensional fault, representing a zone of repeated extension and vein infilling of open cavities, within clastic sedimentary rocks, which have only reached the late diagenetic zone of low-grade metamorphism. \\ud\\n\\ud\\nThe mineralization consists of undeformed veins, stockworks and breccias. Quartz dominates all the veins and commonly displays multiple growth stages and a variety of classic epithermal textur...   \n",
       "7174  The Bohaun gold deposit in County Galway, western Ireland is located in the Caledonian orogenic belt, proximal to a major accretionary boundary. The mineralization is hosted in a normal extensional fault, representing a zone of repeated extension and vein infilling of open cavities, within clastic sedimentary rocks, which have only reached the late diagenetic zone of low-grade metamorphism. \\ud\\n\\ud\\nThe mineralization consists of undeformed veins, stockworks and breccias. Quartz dominates all the veins and commonly displays multiple growth stages and a variety of classic epithermal textur...   \n",
       "7175  The Bohaun gold deposit in County Galway, western Ireland is located in the Caledonian orogenic belt, proximal to a major accretionary boundary. The mineralization is hosted in a normal extensional fault, representing a zone of repeated extension and vein infilling of open cavities, within clastic sedimentary rocks, which have only reached the late diagenetic zone of low-grade metamorphism. \\ud\\n\\ud\\nThe mineralization consists of undeformed veins, stockworks and breccias. Quartz dominates all the veins and commonly displays multiple growth stages and a variety of classic epithermal textur...   \n",
       "7176  The Bohaun gold deposit in County Galway, western Ireland is located in the Caledonian orogenic belt, proximal to a major accretionary boundary. The mineralization is hosted in a normal extensional fault, representing a zone of repeated extension and vein infilling of open cavities, within clastic sedimentary rocks, which have only reached the late diagenetic zone of low-grade metamorphism. \\ud\\n\\ud\\nThe mineralization consists of undeformed veins, stockworks and breccias. Quartz dominates all the veins and commonly displays multiple growth stages and a variety of classic epithermal textur...   \n",
       "7177  The Bohaun gold deposit in County Galway, western Ireland is located in the Caledonian orogenic belt, proximal to a major accretionary boundary. The mineralization is hosted in a normal extensional fault, representing a zone of repeated extension and vein infilling of open cavities, within clastic sedimentary rocks, which have only reached the late diagenetic zone of low-grade metamorphism. \\ud\\n\\ud\\nThe mineralization consists of undeformed veins, stockworks and breccias. Quartz dominates all the veins and commonly displays multiple growth stages and a variety of classic epithermal textur...   \n",
       "7178  The Bohaun gold deposit in County Galway, western Ireland is located in the Caledonian orogenic belt, proximal to a major accretionary boundary. The mineralization is hosted in a normal extensional fault, representing a zone of repeated extension and vein infilling of open cavities, within clastic sedimentary rocks, which have only reached the late diagenetic zone of low-grade metamorphism. \\ud\\n\\ud\\nThe mineralization consists of undeformed veins, stockworks and breccias. Quartz dominates all the veins and commonly displays multiple growth stages and a variety of classic epithermal textur...   \n",
       "7179  The Bohaun gold deposit in County Galway, western Ireland is located in the Caledonian orogenic belt, proximal to a major accretionary boundary. The mineralization is hosted in a normal extensional fault, representing a zone of repeated extension and vein infilling of open cavities, within clastic sedimentary rocks, which have only reached the late diagenetic zone of low-grade metamorphism. \\ud\\n\\ud\\nThe mineralization consists of undeformed veins, stockworks and breccias. Quartz dominates all the veins and commonly displays multiple growth stages and a variety of classic epithermal textur...   \n",
       "7180  The Bohaun gold deposit in County Galway, western Ireland is located in the Caledonian orogenic belt, proximal to a major accretionary boundary. The mineralization is hosted in a normal extensional fault, representing a zone of repeated extension and vein infilling of open cavities, within clastic sedimentary rocks, which have only reached the late diagenetic zone of low-grade metamorphism. \\ud\\n\\ud\\nThe mineralization consists of undeformed veins, stockworks and breccias. Quartz dominates all the veins and commonly displays multiple growth stages and a variety of classic epithermal textur...   \n",
       "7181  The Bohaun gold deposit in County Galway, western Ireland is located in the Caledonian orogenic belt, proximal to a major accretionary boundary. The mineralization is hosted in a normal extensional fault, representing a zone of repeated extension and vein infilling of open cavities, within clastic sedimentary rocks, which have only reached the late diagenetic zone of low-grade metamorphism. \\ud\\n\\ud\\nThe mineralization consists of undeformed veins, stockworks and breccias. Quartz dominates all the veins and commonly displays multiple growth stages and a variety of classic epithermal textur...   \n",
       "7182  The Bohaun gold deposit in County Galway, western Ireland is located in the Caledonian orogenic belt, proximal to a major accretionary boundary. The mineralization is hosted in a normal extensional fault, representing a zone of repeated extension and vein infilling of open cavities, within clastic sedimentary rocks, which have only reached the late diagenetic zone of low-grade metamorphism. \\ud\\n\\ud\\nThe mineralization consists of undeformed veins, stockworks and breccias. Quartz dominates all the veins and commonly displays multiple growth stages and a variety of classic epithermal textur...   \n",
       "7183  The Bohaun gold deposit in County Galway, western Ireland is located in the Caledonian orogenic belt, proximal to a major accretionary boundary. The mineralization is hosted in a normal extensional fault, representing a zone of repeated extension and vein infilling of open cavities, within clastic sedimentary rocks, which have only reached the late diagenetic zone of low-grade metamorphism. \\ud\\n\\ud\\nThe mineralization consists of undeformed veins, stockworks and breccias. Quartz dominates all the veins and commonly displays multiple growth stages and a variety of classic epithermal textur...   \n",
       "7184  The Bohaun gold deposit in County Galway, western Ireland is located in the Caledonian orogenic belt, proximal to a major accretionary boundary. The mineralization is hosted in a normal extensional fault, representing a zone of repeated extension and vein infilling of open cavities, within clastic sedimentary rocks, which have only reached the late diagenetic zone of low-grade metamorphism. \\ud\\n\\ud\\nThe mineralization consists of undeformed veins, stockworks and breccias. Quartz dominates all the veins and commonly displays multiple growth stages and a variety of classic epithermal textur...   \n",
       "7185  The Bohaun gold deposit in County Galway, western Ireland is located in the Caledonian orogenic belt, proximal to a major accretionary boundary. The mineralization is hosted in a normal extensional fault, representing a zone of repeated extension and vein infilling of open cavities, within clastic sedimentary rocks, which have only reached the late diagenetic zone of low-grade metamorphism. \\ud\\n\\ud\\nThe mineralization consists of undeformed veins, stockworks and breccias. Quartz dominates all the veins and commonly displays multiple growth stages and a variety of classic epithermal textur...   \n",
       "7186  The Bohaun gold deposit in County Galway, western Ireland is located in the Caledonian orogenic belt, proximal to a major accretionary boundary. The mineralization is hosted in a normal extensional fault, representing a zone of repeated extension and vein infilling of open cavities, within clastic sedimentary rocks, which have only reached the late diagenetic zone of low-grade metamorphism. \\ud\\n\\ud\\nThe mineralization consists of undeformed veins, stockworks and breccias. Quartz dominates all the veins and commonly displays multiple growth stages and a variety of classic epithermal textur...   \n",
       "7187  The Bohaun gold deposit in County Galway, western Ireland is located in the Caledonian orogenic belt, proximal to a major accretionary boundary. The mineralization is hosted in a normal extensional fault, representing a zone of repeated extension and vein infilling of open cavities, within clastic sedimentary rocks, which have only reached the late diagenetic zone of low-grade metamorphism. \\ud\\n\\ud\\nThe mineralization consists of undeformed veins, stockworks and breccias. Quartz dominates all the veins and commonly displays multiple growth stages and a variety of classic epithermal textur...   \n",
       "7188                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Peer reviewedPublisher PD   \n",
       "7189  In environmental microbiology, the most commonly used methods of bacterial DNA transfer are conjugation and electroporation. However, conjugation requires physical contact and cell–pilus–cell interactions; electroporation requires low-ionic strength medium and high voltage. These limitations have hampered broad applications of bacterial DNA delivery. We have employed a standard low frequency 40 kHz ultrasound bath to successfully transfer plasmid pBBR1MCS2 into Pseudomonas putida UWC1, Escherichia coli DH5 and Pseudomonas fluorescens SBW25 with high efficiency. Under optimal conditions: ul...   \n",
       "7190  In environmental microbiology, the most commonly used methods of bacterial DNA transfer are conjugation and electroporation. However, conjugation requires physical contact and cell–pilus–cell interactions; electroporation requires low-ionic strength medium and high voltage. These limitations have hampered broad applications of bacterial DNA delivery. We have employed a standard low frequency 40 kHz ultrasound bath to successfully transfer plasmid pBBR1MCS2 into Pseudomonas putida UWC1, Escherichia coli DH5 and Pseudomonas fluorescens SBW25 with high efficiency. Under optimal conditions: ul...   \n",
       "7191  In environmental microbiology, the most commonly used methods of bacterial DNA transfer are conjugation and electroporation. However, conjugation requires physical contact and cell–pilus–cell interactions; electroporation requires low-ionic strength medium and high voltage. These limitations have hampered broad applications of bacterial DNA delivery. We have employed a standard low frequency 40 kHz ultrasound bath to successfully transfer plasmid pBBR1MCS2 into Pseudomonas putida UWC1, Escherichia coli DH5 and Pseudomonas fluorescens SBW25 with high efficiency. Under optimal conditions: ul...   \n",
       "7192  In environmental microbiology, the most commonly used methods of bacterial DNA transfer are conjugation and electroporation. However, conjugation requires physical contact and cell–pilus–cell interactions; electroporation requires low-ionic strength medium and high voltage. These limitations have hampered broad applications of bacterial DNA delivery. We have employed a standard low frequency 40 kHz ultrasound bath to successfully transfer plasmid pBBR1MCS2 into Pseudomonas putida UWC1, Escherichia coli DH5 and Pseudomonas fluorescens SBW25 with high efficiency. Under optimal conditions: ul...   \n",
       "7193  In environmental microbiology, the most commonly used methods of bacterial DNA transfer are conjugation and electroporation. However, conjugation requires physical contact and cell–pilus–cell interactions; electroporation requires low-ionic strength medium and high voltage. These limitations have hampered broad applications of bacterial DNA delivery. We have employed a standard low frequency 40 kHz ultrasound bath to successfully transfer plasmid pBBR1MCS2 into Pseudomonas putida UWC1, Escherichia coli DH5 and Pseudomonas fluorescens SBW25 with high efficiency. Under optimal conditions: ul...   \n",
       "7194  In environmental microbiology, the most commonly used methods of bacterial DNA transfer are conjugation and electroporation. However, conjugation requires physical contact and cell–pilus–cell interactions; electroporation requires low-ionic strength medium and high voltage. These limitations have hampered broad applications of bacterial DNA delivery. We have employed a standard low frequency 40 kHz ultrasound bath to successfully transfer plasmid pBBR1MCS2 into Pseudomonas putida UWC1, Escherichia coli DH5 and Pseudomonas fluorescens SBW25 with high efficiency. Under optimal conditions: ul...   \n",
       "7195  In environmental microbiology, the most commonly used methods of bacterial DNA transfer are conjugation and electroporation. However, conjugation requires physical contact and cell–pilus–cell interactions; electroporation requires low-ionic strength medium and high voltage. These limitations have hampered broad applications of bacterial DNA delivery. We have employed a standard low frequency 40 kHz ultrasound bath to successfully transfer plasmid pBBR1MCS2 into Pseudomonas putida UWC1, Escherichia coli DH5 and Pseudomonas fluorescens SBW25 with high efficiency. Under optimal conditions: ul...   \n",
       "\n",
       "                                                               journals  \\\n",
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       "3                                                                  None   \n",
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       "10                                                                 None   \n",
       "11                                                                 None   \n",
       "12                                                                 None   \n",
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       "18                                                                 None   \n",
       "19                                                                 None   \n",
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       "24                                                                 None   \n",
       "25                                                                 None   \n",
       "26                                                                 None   \n",
       "27                                                                 None   \n",
       "28                                                                 None   \n",
       "29                                                                 None   \n",
       "...                                                                 ...   \n",
       "7166                                                               None   \n",
       "7167                                                               None   \n",
       "7168                                                               None   \n",
       "7169                                                               None   \n",
       "7170                                                               None   \n",
       "7171                                                               None   \n",
       "7172                                                               None   \n",
       "7173                                                               None   \n",
       "7174                                                               None   \n",
       "7175                                                               None   \n",
       "7176                                                               None   \n",
       "7177                                                               None   \n",
       "7178                                                               None   \n",
       "7179                                                               None   \n",
       "7180                                                               None   \n",
       "7181                                                               None   \n",
       "7182                                                               None   \n",
       "7183                                                               None   \n",
       "7184                                                               None   \n",
       "7185                                                               None   \n",
       "7186                                                               None   \n",
       "7187                                                               None   \n",
       "7188  [{'title': None, 'identifiers': ['0898-929x', 'issn:0898-929X']}]   \n",
       "7189                                                               None   \n",
       "7190                                                               None   \n",
       "7191                                                               None   \n",
       "7192                                                               None   \n",
       "7193                                                               None   \n",
       "7194                                                               None   \n",
       "7195                                                               None   \n",
       "\n",
       "                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   text  \\\n",
       "0                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            The reaction of the plasma sheet in response to an increase in magnetospheric convection is examined using a combination of energetic neutral atom (ENA) imaging and in situ observations.   \n",
       "1                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 Data from the IMAGE/MENA instrument are examined in conjunction with observations from the magnetospheric plasma analyzer (MPA) instrument onboard the Los Alamos 1994-084 satellite located in geosynchronous orbit.   \n",
       "2                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 Examination of the MENA data during an enhanced convection event reveal that between 12:00 and 14:30 UT on 26 June 2001, ENA emissions from the plasma sheet material are observed to strengthen and move Earthwards.   \n",
       "3                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   A simple calculation of the motion of the peak in ENA emissions following an increase in the convection gives an averaged speed of this sunward surge of around 8 km s−1 between 12:00 and 14:30 UT   \n",
       "4                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  This paper presents a method, which simultaneously estimates the electrical conductivity and magnetic permeability of porous metals.   \n",
       "5                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               Porous Cu and Fe manufactured by the lost carbonate sintering process have been tested.   \n",
       "6                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             An air-cored solenoid coil was designed for the measurements of rod-shaped samples when inserted coaxially with the coil.   \n",
       "7                                                                                                                                                                                                                         It was theoretically found that the phase-frequency response of the normalised eddy current signal of the coil is virtually independent of the radius, electrical conductivity and magnetic permeability of the test samples.   \n",
       "8                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    For non-magnetic, conductive porous Cu, the electrical conductivity was measured with a calibration curve of the coil relating the impedance change and the electrical conductivity of the sample.   \n",
       "9                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          For magnetic porous Fe, the imaginary part of the signal at the lowest frequencies can be used to estimate the permeability.   \n",
       "10                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          The measured conductivity values of the porous Cu are shown in the paper in comparison with that of bulk materials with known conductivity.   \n",
       "11                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       The measured permeability values of the porous Fe are given and the sample-length effect on the measurements is also discussed   \n",
       "12                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   1.   \n",
       "13                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 Persistent pesticide residues remain a significant environmental pollutant, reducing breeding success of predatory birds even where such pesticides have been banned for many years.   \n",
       "14                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             The ability to detect such residues inexpensively without destructive sampling would be a valuable tool for ecotoxicological monitoring.   \n",
       "15                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           We suggest that assaying eggshell colour might provide such a tool.\\ud\\n2.   \n",
       "16                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Recent studies have revealed two mechanisms affecting eggshell pigmentation in, and believedto be specific to, passerine birds.   \n",
       "17                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 In the great tit, Parus major, reddish protoporphyrin speckles on their otherwise white eggs coincide precisely with thin shell and are related to calcium shortage.   \n",
       "18                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            In the pied flycatcher, Ficedula hypoleuca, the intensity of the eggshell’s blue-green ground-colour (pigment biliverdin) is related to the female’s health (immunocompetence) at laying.   \n",
       "19                                                                                          We studied the effect of the insecticide DDT (notorious for reducing eggshell thickness in raptors by blocking calcium availability to the shell gland) on the eggshell pigmentation of Eurasian sparrowhawks Accipiter nisus\\ud\\n(Falconiformes), whose eggshells show both protoporphyrin spotting and a bluegreen biliverdin-based ground colour.\\ud\\n3.   \n",
       "20                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Eggshells showing protoporphyrin spots as an internalized pigment layer also showed a strong correlation between DDE levels (DDT metabolite) and shell thickness.   \n",
       "21                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           The shells were also significantly thinner at these spots.   \n",
       "22                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Eggshell thickness was uncorrelated with DDE levels in eggs that lacked such spotting.\\ud\\n4.   \n",
       "23                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      The green-ness of the ground colour, related to biliverdin pigment, also increased with DDE levels but, unlike the protoporphyrins, this increase was independent of eggshell thickness.\\ud\\n5.   \n",
       "24                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         We also noted that the colour of eggs collected before 1930 was consistent with the environmental\\ud\\nabsence of DDT.\\ud\\n6.   \n",
       "25                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Synthesis and applications.   \n",
       "26                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            DDT occurrence in predatory birds indicates ecosystem-wide contamination.   \n",
       "27                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Correlation between eggshell colour and DDT concentration indicates that pigmentation might be used as a non-destructive assay for DDT (which is still in widespread use,particularly for combating malaria) in eggs.   \n",
       "28                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     Further studies should allow our findings to be applied to other raptor species.   \n",
       "29                                                                                                                                             Our results corroborate the associations of protoporphyrin pigmentation with shell thinning and biliverdin with female immunocompetence described for passerines, but\\ud\\ntheir occurrence in a falconiform implies that these effects evolved long before the appearance of\\ud\\nthe order Passeriformes   \n",
       "...                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 ...   \n",
       "7166                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    The case highlights some limitations of Lewinian field theory in studying resistance to change.   \n",
       "7167                                                                                                                                                                                                Systems theory may provide a more useful framework, organized around the principle that resistance to change is a functional selfmonitoring subsystem guiding the internal adjustment of the changing organization and thus securing effectiveness.   \n",
       "7168                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        This approach may have wider implications for the analysis of social change   \n",
       "7169                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            We study the giant magnetoresistance (GMR) ratio in magnetic multilayers wit a single superconducting contact in the presence of spin-mixing processes.   \n",
       "7170                                                                                                                                                                         It has been recently shown [F. Taddei, S. Sanvito, J.H. Jefferson, and C. J. Lambert, Phys, Rev. Lett, 82, 4938 (1999)] that the GMR ratio of magnetic multilayers is strongly suppressed by the presence of a super conducting contact when spin flipping is not allowed.   \n",
       "7171                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       In this paper we demonstrate that the GMR ratio can be dramatically enhanced by spin-orbit interaction and/or noncollinear magnetic moments.   \n",
       "7172                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              The system is described using a tight-binding model with either s-p-d or s-d atomic orbitals per site   \n",
       "7173                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   The Bohaun gold deposit in County Galway, western Ireland is located in the Caledonian orogenic belt, proximal to a major accretionary boundary.   \n",
       "7174                                                                                                                                                                                           The mineralization is hosted in a normal extensional fault, representing a zone of repeated extension and vein infilling of open cavities, within clastic sedimentary rocks, which have only reached the late diagenetic zone of low-grade metamorphism.   \n",
       "7175                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         \\ud\\n\\ud\\n   \n",
       "7176                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          The mineralization consists of undeformed veins, stockworks and breccias.   \n",
       "7177                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               Quartz dominates all the veins and commonly displays multiple growth stages and a variety of classic epithermal textures, including comb, plumose and banded, indicative of low confining pressures.   \n",
       "7178                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 The veins have a simple mineralogy comprising quartz–sericite–chlorite with minor sulfides, hematite, rare visible gold, with a high silver content (up to 41 wt %), and late barite and dolomite.   \n",
       "7179                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            \\ud\\n\\ud\\nVein quartz is associated with two fluids compositions: Type I with moderate to high salinity (8.0–23.6 wt % NaCl equiv) and Type II with low to moderate salinity (0.0–7.8 wt % NaCl equiv).   \n",
       "7180                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              CO2 contents in both fluid types are <3.5 wt percent.   \n",
       "7181                                                                                                                                                                                                                   The majority of fluid inclusion homogenization temperatures range from 126 to 257oC and geologically constrained depth estimates (≤5 km) indicate maximum fluid inclusion trapping temperatures between 175 and 245°C.\\ud\\n\\ud\\n   \n",
       "7182                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 The geodynamic setting of Bohaun, which comprises a deformed continental margin of an allochthonous terrane, is typical of orogenic gold deposits.   \n",
       "7183                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        However, an orogenic association for the Bohaun mineralization is discounted on the basis of fluid inclusion evidence, atypical vein textures, gold grain composition and undeformed veins.   \n",
       "7184                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        While vein textures locally resemble those found in epithermal quartz–adularia mineralization, there is no obvious magmatic association and alteration is restricted to the veins and immediate host rocks.   \n",
       "7185                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      \\ud\\n\\ud\\nThe origin of the gold at Bohaun remains enigmatic.   \n",
       "7186                                                                                                                                                                                                     However, we favor an association with widespread Carboniferous or later mineralizing fluids and a model which involves transport and deposition of gold from a basinal brine type fluid, in a similar fashion to red-bed Au–Pd mineralization.   \n",
       "7187                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       Bohaun provides further evidence that low temperature brines may be capable of generating economic grade gold mineralization, independent of other fluids.\\u   \n",
       "7188                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Peer reviewedPublisher PD   \n",
       "7189                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       In environmental microbiology, the most commonly used methods of bacterial DNA transfer are conjugation and electroporation.   \n",
       "7190                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              However, conjugation requires physical contact and cell–pilus–cell interactions; electroporation requires low-ionic strength medium and high voltage.   \n",
       "7191                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      These limitations have hampered broad applications of bacterial DNA delivery.   \n",
       "7192                                                                                                                                                                                                                             We have employed a standard low frequency 40 kHz ultrasound bath to successfully transfer plasmid pBBR1MCS2 into Pseudomonas putida UWC1, Escherichia coli DH5 and Pseudomonas fluorescens SBW25 with high efficiency.   \n",
       "7193  Under optimal conditions: ultrasound exposure time of 10 s, 50 mM CaCl2, temperature of 22°C, plasmid concentration of 0.8 ng/µl, P. putida UWC1 cell concentration of 2.5 x 109 CFU (colony forming unit)/ml and reaction volume of 500 µl, the efficiency of ultrasound DNA delivery (UDD) was 9.8 ± 2.3 x 10–6 transformants per cell, which was nine times more efficient than conjugation, and even four times greater than electroporation.   \n",
       "7194                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  We have also transferred pBBR1MCS2 into E. coli DH5 and P. fluorescens SBW25 with efficiencies of 1.16 ± 0.13 x 10–6 and 4.33 ± 0.78 x 10–6 transformants per cell, respectively.   \n",
       "7195                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Low frequency UDD can be readily scaled up, allowing for the application of UDD not only in laboratory conditions but also on an industrial scale   \n",
       "\n",
       "     pred  conf0  conf1  predict  \n",
       "0     NaN   1.00   0.00      0.0  \n",
       "1     NaN   1.00   0.00      0.0  \n",
       "2     NaN   1.00   0.00      0.0  \n",
       "3     NaN   0.99   0.01      0.0  \n",
       "4     NaN   1.00   0.00      0.0  \n",
       "5     NaN   1.00   0.00      0.0  \n",
       "6     NaN   1.00   0.00      0.0  \n",
       "7     NaN   1.00   0.00      0.0  \n",
       "8     NaN   1.00   0.00      0.0  \n",
       "9     NaN   1.00   0.00      0.0  \n",
       "10    NaN   1.00   0.00      0.0  \n",
       "11    NaN   0.99   0.01      0.0  \n",
       "12    NaN   1.00   0.00      0.0  \n",
       "13    NaN   0.61   0.39      0.0  \n",
       "14    NaN   1.00   0.00      0.0  \n",
       "15    NaN   1.00   0.00      0.0  \n",
       "16    NaN   0.95   0.05      0.0  \n",
       "17    NaN   0.99   0.01      0.0  \n",
       "18    NaN   0.97   0.03      0.0  \n",
       "19    NaN   1.00   0.00      0.0  \n",
       "20    NaN   1.00   0.00      0.0  \n",
       "21    NaN   1.00   0.00      0.0  \n",
       "22    NaN   1.00   0.00      0.0  \n",
       "23    NaN   1.00   0.00      0.0  \n",
       "24    NaN   1.00   0.00      0.0  \n",
       "25    NaN   1.00   0.00      0.0  \n",
       "26    NaN   0.96   0.04      0.0  \n",
       "27    NaN   1.00   0.00      0.0  \n",
       "28    NaN   1.00   0.00      0.0  \n",
       "29    NaN   1.00   0.00      0.0  \n",
       "...   ...    ...    ...      ...  \n",
       "7166  NaN   0.34   0.66      1.0  \n",
       "7167  NaN   1.00   0.00      0.0  \n",
       "7168  NaN   1.00   0.00      0.0  \n",
       "7169  NaN   0.99   0.01      0.0  \n",
       "7170  NaN   1.00   0.00      0.0  \n",
       "7171  NaN   1.00   0.00      0.0  \n",
       "7172  NaN   1.00   0.00      0.0  \n",
       "7173  NaN   0.94   0.06      0.0  \n",
       "7174  NaN   0.99   0.01      0.0  \n",
       "7175  NaN   1.00   0.00      0.0  \n",
       "7176  NaN   0.99   0.01      0.0  \n",
       "7177  NaN   1.00   0.00      0.0  \n",
       "7178  NaN   1.00   0.00      0.0  \n",
       "7179  NaN   0.98   0.02      0.0  \n",
       "7180  NaN   0.99   0.01      0.0  \n",
       "7181  NaN   1.00   0.00      0.0  \n",
       "7182  NaN   1.00   0.00      0.0  \n",
       "7183  NaN   0.65   0.35      0.0  \n",
       "7184  NaN   0.67   0.33      0.0  \n",
       "7185  NaN   0.96   0.04      0.0  \n",
       "7186  NaN   1.00   0.00      0.0  \n",
       "7187  NaN   1.00   0.00      0.0  \n",
       "7188  NaN   0.91   0.09      0.0  \n",
       "7189  NaN   1.00   0.00      0.0  \n",
       "7190  NaN   0.44   0.56      1.0  \n",
       "7191  NaN   0.90   0.10      0.0  \n",
       "7192  NaN   1.00   0.00      0.0  \n",
       "7193  NaN   1.00   0.00      0.0  \n",
       "7194  NaN   1.00   0.00      0.0  \n",
       "7195  NaN   1.00   0.00      0.0  \n",
       "\n",
       "[7196 rows x 9 columns]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": null,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "for index, row in df.iterrows():\n",
    "    for sent in nlp(row.abstract).sents:\n",
    "        out = learn.predict(sent.text)\n",
    "        predict= int(out[0])\n",
    "        conf0 = round(out[2][0].item(),2)\n",
    "        conf1 = round(out[2][1].item(),2)\n",
    "        dfx = dfx.append(\n",
    "             {\n",
    "            'title':row.title,\n",
    "            'doi':row.doi,\n",
    "            'abstract':row.abstract,\n",
    "            \"journals\":row.journals,\n",
    "                 \n",
    "                 \"text\": sent.text,\n",
    "            \"predict\": predict,\n",
    "            \"conf0\": conf0,\n",
    "            \"conf1\": conf1\n",
    "             }, \n",
    "        \n",
    "        ignore_index=True)\n",
    " #   print(dfx.append(row))\n",
    " \n",
    "\n",
    "#[learn.predict(s.text) for s in nlp(df[\"abstract\"][0]).sents], [\"text\"], columns=[\"pred\"])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "6f37e97f",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<style scoped>\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
       "        text-align: right;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>title</th>\n",
       "      <th>doi</th>\n",
       "      <th>abstract</th>\n",
       "      <th>journals</th>\n",
       "      <th>text</th>\n",
       "      <th>pred</th>\n",
       "      <th>conf0</th>\n",
       "      <th>conf1</th>\n",
       "      <th>predict</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>32</th>\n",
       "      <td>The single-payer option: a reconsideration</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.1215/03616878-2009-013</td>\n",
       "      <td>This article discusses some of the merits and demerits of the single-payer model of health care financing, with particular reference to the English National Health Service (NHS). Specifically, it is argued that the main merits are that the model can directly provide universal health care coverage, thus eradicating or at least alleviating market failure and equity concerns, and that it can achieve this with relatively low total health care expenditure in general and—as compared to the commercial multiple insurance model—low administrative costs in particular. A perceived demerit of the sing...</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>A perceived demerit of the single-payer model is that it can lead to excessive health care rationing, particularly in terms of waiting times, although it is argued here that long waits are probably caused by insufficient funding rather than by the single-payer model per se.</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.31</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.69</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>34</th>\n",
       "      <td>The single-payer option: a reconsideration</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.1215/03616878-2009-013</td>\n",
       "      <td>This article discusses some of the merits and demerits of the single-payer model of health care financing, with particular reference to the English National Health Service (NHS). Specifically, it is argued that the main merits are that the model can directly provide universal health care coverage, thus eradicating or at least alleviating market failure and equity concerns, and that it can achieve this with relatively low total health care expenditure in general and—as compared to the commercial multiple insurance model—low administrative costs in particular. A perceived demerit of the sing...</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>A further perceived disadvantage of the single-payer model is that it offers limited choice, which is necessarily true with respect to choice of insurer, but choice of provider can be, and increasingly is, a feature of centrally tax-financed health care systems.</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.01</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.99</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>44</th>\n",
       "      <td>Representations of HIV/AIDS management in South African newspapers</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.2989/AJAR.2008.7.2.5.522</td>\n",
       "      <td>In South Africa, numerous strong policy statements emphasise the importance of involving communities in HIV/AIDS management, yet in practice such involvement tends to be tokenistic and minimal. Social representations in the public sphere constitute the symbolic dimension within which responses to HIV and AIDS are conceptualised and transformed into action. Through an analysis of newspaper articles, we explore the dominant representations of HIV/AIDS management circulating in the South African public sphere and examine how community engagement is depicted. We highlight the way media represe...</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>We highlight the way media representations reflect narrow understandings of HIV and AIDS as a predominantly medical problem, while depicting HIV/AIDS management as a top-down activity dominated by prominent individuals, such as national leaders, health professionals and philanthropists, thus marginalising the role played by communities, who are often depicted as passive recipients of interventions by active outsiders.</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.06</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.94</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>103</th>\n",
       "      <td>Linear tracks and restricted temperature ranges characterise penguin foraging pathways</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.3354/meps07638</td>\n",
       "      <td>Marine predators are thought to follow sophisticated scale-dependent search strategies when seeking patchy and unpredictable prey. However, fine-scale information about these strategies has hitherto been difficult to obtain for diving predators that often remain at the sea surface for only limited periods of time. Using ARGOS telemetry and novel, low-powered, archival GPS, we followed the fine-scale at-sea behaviour of king penguins breeding on South Georgia. Results revealed that foraging pathways were generally linear, except at the finest scale, where movements probably reflected either...</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>However, fine-scale information about these strategies has hitherto been difficult to obtain for diving predators that often remain at the sea surface for only limited periods of time.</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.22</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.78</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>168</th>\n",
       "      <td>A theory of requisite decision models</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.1016/0001-6918(84)90005-2</td>\n",
       "      <td>A requisite decision model is defined as a model whose form and content are sufficient to solve a particular problem. The model is constructed through an interactive and consultative process between problem owners and specialists (decision analysts). The process of generating the model uses participants' sense of unease about current model results to further development of the model. Sensitivity analyses facilitate the emergence of new intuitions about the problem; when no new intuitions arise, the model is considered requisite. At all stages of development, the model represents the social...</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>A requisite decision model is defined as a model whose form and content are sufficient to solve a particular problem.</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.07</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.93</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>171</th>\n",
       "      <td>A theory of requisite decision models</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.1016/0001-6918(84)90005-2</td>\n",
       "      <td>A requisite decision model is defined as a model whose form and content are sufficient to solve a particular problem. The model is constructed through an interactive and consultative process between problem owners and specialists (decision analysts). The process of generating the model uses participants' sense of unease about current model results to further development of the model. Sensitivity analyses facilitate the emergence of new intuitions about the problem; when no new intuitions arise, the model is considered requisite. At all stages of development, the model represents the social...</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>Sensitivity analyses facilitate the emergence of new intuitions about the problem; when no new intuitions arise, the model is considered requisite.</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.10</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.90</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>172</th>\n",
       "      <td>A theory of requisite decision models</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.1016/0001-6918(84)90005-2</td>\n",
       "      <td>A requisite decision model is defined as a model whose form and content are sufficient to solve a particular problem. The model is constructed through an interactive and consultative process between problem owners and specialists (decision analysts). The process of generating the model uses participants' sense of unease about current model results to further development of the model. Sensitivity analyses facilitate the emergence of new intuitions about the problem; when no new intuitions arise, the model is considered requisite. At all stages of development, the model represents the social...</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>At all stages of development, the model represents the social reality of the shared understanding of the problem by the problem owners.</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.11</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.89</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>296</th>\n",
       "      <td>Dynamic imaging in electrical capacitance tomography and electromagnetic induction tomography using a Kalman filter.</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.1088/0957-0233</td>\n",
       "      <td>Electrical capacitance tomography (ECT) and electromagnetic induction tomography (EMT) attempt to visualize the distributions of materials with different permittivity and conductivity/permeability, aiming to reveal electrical and magnetic characteristics of an object, by measuring electrical capacitance and electromagnetic inductance on the periphery of the object. In ECT, capacitances of pairs of electrodes placed around the periphery are measured and in EMT, mutual induction of pairs of coils is measured. In this paper, a dynamic imaging technique is developed for ECT and EMT with a line...</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>The inverse problem is treated as a state estimate.</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.00</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.00</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>333</th>\n",
       "      <td>Magnetic biomonitoring of roadside tree leaves: identification of spatial and temporal variations in vehicle-derived particulates.</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.1016/S1352-2310(99)00229-0</td>\n",
       "      <td>We report here the novel use of rapid and non-destructive magnetic measurements to investigate the spatial and temporal pattern of urban dust loadings on leaves of roadside trees. More than 600 leaves were collected from birch trees and their remanent magnetization (IRM300 mT) determined and normalized for the leaf area. The results show that this normalised 2-D magnetization is dominantly controlled by the tree's distance to the road. The magnetic analyses enabled detailed mapping of the spatial and temporal variations of vehicle-derived particulates. Higher 2D-magnetizations, indicating ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>Additional magnetic analyses suggest that the particle size of the magnetic grains dominantly falls in the range classified for airborne particulate matter as PM2.5 (&lt;2.5 Âµm), a particle size hazardous to health due to its capacity to be respired deeply into the lungs.</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.40</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.60</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>345</th>\n",
       "      <td>Some of our concepts are missing: reflections on the absence of a sociology of organisations</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.1111/1467-9566.00346</td>\n",
       "      <td>The task of examining just how the concept of 'organisations' has fared in Sociology of Health and Illness in its first 25 years is in some ways unrewarding. The answer has to be –'not at all well'. But why is this and does it matter? Part one of this paper considers what research on health care organisations was being conducted in the early years of the Journal and why that work was not viewed with favour by sociologists. Part two examines the growing gulf between those who saw themselves principally as responding to the call for a sociology of health and illness informed by broader socio...</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>But why is this and does it matter?</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.07</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.93</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>387</th>\n",
       "      <td>Water Quality, nutrients and the European Union’s Water Framework Directive in a lowland agricultural region:  Suffolk, south-east England.</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.12.040</td>\n",
       "      <td>The water quality of 13 rivers in the lowland, agricultural county of Suffolk is investigated using routine monitoring data for the period 1981 to 2006 collected by the Environment Agency of England and Wales (EA), and its predecessors, with particular emphasis on phosphorus (as total reactive phosphorus, TRP) and total (dissolved and particulate) oxidised nitrogen (TOxN – predominantly nitrate NO3). Major ion and flow data are used to outline fundamental hydrochemical characteristics related to the groundwater provenance of base-flow waters.  Relative load contributions from point and dif...</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>It is suggested that the major challenge is to characterise and control point-source TRP inputs which, being predominant during the late spring and summer low-flow period, coincide with the peak of primary biological production, thus presenting the major challenge to achieving ‘good’ ecological status under the Water Framework Directive.</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.02</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.98</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>509</th>\n",
       "      <td>Optimal investment with inside information and parameter uncertainty</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.1007/s11579-010-0025-y</td>\n",
       "      <td>An optimal investment problem is solved for an insider who has access to noisy\\ud\\ninformation related to a future stock price, but who does not know the stock price drift. The\\ud\\ndrift is ﬁltered from a combination of price observations and the privileged information,\\ud\\nfusing a partial information scenario with enlargement of ﬁltration techniques. We apply\\ud\\na variant of the Kalman–Bucy ﬁlter to infer a signal, given a combination of an observation process and some additional information. This converts the combined partial and inside\\ud\\ninformation model to a full information model...</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>An optimal investment problem is solved for an insider who has access to noisy\\ud\\ninformation related to a future stock price, but who does not know the stock price drift.</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.01</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.99</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>512</th>\n",
       "      <td>Optimal investment with inside information and parameter uncertainty</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.1007/s11579-010-0025-y</td>\n",
       "      <td>An optimal investment problem is solved for an insider who has access to noisy\\ud\\ninformation related to a future stock price, but who does not know the stock price drift. The\\ud\\ndrift is ﬁltered from a combination of price observations and the privileged information,\\ud\\nfusing a partial information scenario with enlargement of ﬁltration techniques. We apply\\ud\\na variant of the Kalman–Bucy ﬁlter to infer a signal, given a combination of an observation process and some additional information. This converts the combined partial and inside\\ud\\ninformation model to a full information model...</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>This converts the combined partial and inside\\ud\\ninformation model to a full information model, and the associated investment problem for\\ud\\nHARA utility is explicitly solved via duality methods.</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.29</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.71</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>561</th>\n",
       "      <td>A duality theorem for linear congruences</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.1016/0166-218X(84)90116-1</td>\n",
       "      <td>An analogous duality theorem to that for Linear Programming is presented for systems of linear congruences. It is pointed out that such a system of linear congruences is a relaxation of an Integer Programming model (for which the duality theorem does not hold). Algorithms are presented for both the resulting primal and dual problems. These algorithms serve to give a constructive proof of the duality theorem</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>It is pointed out that such a system of linear congruences is a relaxation of an Integer Programming model (for which the duality theorem does not hold).</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.42</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.58</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>648</th>\n",
       "      <td>A consumer-centred approach for service-oriented product line development.</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.1109/WICSA.2009.5290807</td>\n",
       "      <td>The notion of software as a service promises agile, flexible and low maintenance system development through a dynamic runtime architecture that allows third-party functionality and capability to be added on demand. There is growing research interest in how service-orientation can be adopted a means for enhancing agility and flexibility in product line engineering. However, integrating service-orientation in product line engineering poses a number of challenges. These include difficulty in identifying services, ensuring services reflect user needs, and determining configurations of services...</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>However, integrating service-orientation in product line engineering poses a number of challenges.</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.16</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.84</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>666</th>\n",
       "      <td>Free riding on Gnutella revisited:the bell tolls?</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.1109/MDSO.2005.31</td>\n",
       "      <td>A new analysis of free riding on the Gnutella network updates data from 2000 and points to an increasing downgrade in the network's overall performance and the emergence of a \"metatragedy\" of the commons. Individuals who use peer-to-peer (P2P) file-sharing networks such as Gnutella face a social dilemma. They must decide whether to contribute to the common good by sharing files or maximize their personal experience by free riding, downloading files while not contributing any to the network. Individuals gain no personal benefits from uploading files (in fact, it's inconvenient), so it's \"ra...</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>Individuals who use peer-to-peer (P2P) file-sharing networks such as Gnutella face a social dilemma.</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.05</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.95</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>669</th>\n",
       "      <td>Free riding on Gnutella revisited:the bell tolls?</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.1109/MDSO.2005.31</td>\n",
       "      <td>A new analysis of free riding on the Gnutella network updates data from 2000 and points to an increasing downgrade in the network's overall performance and the emergence of a \"metatragedy\" of the commons. Individuals who use peer-to-peer (P2P) file-sharing networks such as Gnutella face a social dilemma. They must decide whether to contribute to the common good by sharing files or maximize their personal experience by free riding, downloading files while not contributing any to the network. Individuals gain no personal benefits from uploading files (in fact, it's inconvenient), so it's \"ra...</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>However, significant numbers of free riders degrade the entire system's utility, creating a \"tragedy of the digital commons.</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.27</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.73</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>743</th>\n",
       "      <td>Neutral modes of a two-dimensional vortex and their link to persistent cat's eyes</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.1063/1.2838596</td>\n",
       "      <td>This paper considers the relaxation of a smooth two--dimensional vortex to axisymmetry after the application of an instantaneous, weak external strain field. In this limit the disturbance decays exponentially in time at a rate that is linked to a pole of the associated linear inviscid problem (known as a Landau pole). As a model of a typical vortex distribution that can give rise to cat's eyes, here distributions are examined that have a basic Gaussian shape but whose profiles have been artificially flattened about some radius r_c. A numerical study of the Landau poles for this family of v...</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>In this limit the disturbance decays exponentially in time at a rate that is linked to a pole of the associated linear inviscid problem (known as a Landau pole).</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.01</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.99</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>758</th>\n",
       "      <td>Differential recurrent neural network based predictive control.</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.1016/j.compchemeng.2007.07.007</td>\n",
       "      <td>In this paper an efficient algorithm to train general differential recurrent\\nneural network (DRNN) is developed. The trained network can be directly used in\\nthe nonlinear model predictive control (NMPC) context. The neural network is\\nrepresented in a general nonlinear state-space form and used to predict the\\nfuture dynamic behavior of the nonlinear process in real time. In the new\\ntraining algorithms, the ODEs of the model and the dynamic sensitivity are\\nsolved simultaneously using Taylor series expansion and automatic\\ndifferentiation (AD) techniques. The same approach is also used ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>[{'title': None, 'identifiers': ['issn:0098-1354', '0098-1354']}]</td>\n",
       "      <td>The same approach is also used to solve the\\nonline optimization problem in the predictive controller.</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.13</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.87</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>905</th>\n",
       "      <td>A general algorithm for detecting faults under the comparison diagnosis model.</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.1109/IPDPS.2010.5470369</td>\n",
       "      <td>We develop a widely applicable algorithm to solve the fault diagnosis problem in certain distributed-memory multiprocessor systems in which there are a limited number of faulty processors. In particular, we prove that if the underlying graph G = (V,E) forming the interconnection network has connectivity no less than its diagnosability δ and can be partitioned into enough connected components of large enough size then given a syndrome of test results under the comparison diagnosis model resulting from some set of faulty nodes of size at most δ, we can find the actual set of faulty nodes wit...</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>We develop a widely applicable algorithm to solve the fault diagnosis problem in certain distributed-memory multiprocessor systems in which there are a limited number of faulty processors.</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.00</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.00</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>924</th>\n",
       "      <td>Vertebrate responses to surface wildfires in a central Amazonian forest.</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.1017/S0030605303000188</td>\n",
       "      <td>Surface fires have recently become a widespread pantropical phenomenon that could trigger revolutionary changes in the structure and functioning of tropical forests and result in a catastrophic impoverishment of the vertebrate fauna. Here we describe the short- and medium-term responses of bird and mammal assemblages to an unprecedented wildfire that scorched the understorey of 1,100 km2 of forest in the Arapiuns-Maró river basin of central Brazilian Amazonia. Fire-induced mortality in the aftermath of this burn was high for a wide range of plant and animal populations monitored. This incl...</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>Surface fires have recently become a widespread pantropical phenomenon that could trigger revolutionary changes in the structure and functioning of tropical forests and result in a catastrophic impoverishment of the vertebrate fauna.</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.05</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.95</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>979</th>\n",
       "      <td>A particle filter for freeway traffic estimation</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.1109/CDC.2004.1430359</td>\n",
       "      <td>This paper considers the traffic flow estimation problem for the purposes of on-line traffic prediction, mode detection and ramp-metering control. The solution to the estimation problem is given within the Bayesian recursive framework. A particle filter (PF) is developed based on a freeway traffic model with aggregated states and an observation model with aggregated variables. The freeway is considered as a network of components, each component representing a different section of the traffic network. The freeway traffic is modelled as a stochastic hybrid system, i.e. each traffic section p...</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>This paper considers the traffic flow estimation problem for the purposes of on-line traffic prediction, mode detection and ramp-metering control.</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.10</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.90</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>980</th>\n",
       "      <td>A particle filter for freeway traffic estimation</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.1109/CDC.2004.1430359</td>\n",
       "      <td>This paper considers the traffic flow estimation problem for the purposes of on-line traffic prediction, mode detection and ramp-metering control. The solution to the estimation problem is given within the Bayesian recursive framework. A particle filter (PF) is developed based on a freeway traffic model with aggregated states and an observation model with aggregated variables. The freeway is considered as a network of components, each component representing a different section of the traffic network. The freeway traffic is modelled as a stochastic hybrid system, i.e. each traffic section p...</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>The solution to the estimation problem is given within the Bayesian recursive framework.</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.00</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.00</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>987</th>\n",
       "      <td>A particle filter for freeway traffic estimation</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.1109/CDC.2004.1430359</td>\n",
       "      <td>This paper considers the traffic flow estimation problem for the purposes of on-line traffic prediction, mode detection and ramp-metering control. The solution to the estimation problem is given within the Bayesian recursive framework. A particle filter (PF) is developed based on a freeway traffic model with aggregated states and an observation model with aggregated variables. The freeway is considered as a network of components, each component representing a different section of the traffic network. The freeway traffic is modelled as a stochastic hybrid system, i.e. each traffic section p...</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>It provides an approximate but scalable solution to the difficult state estimation and prediction problem with limited, noisy observations.</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.01</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.99</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1003</th>\n",
       "      <td>On the hyperbolicity of Maxwell's equations with a local constitutive law.</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.1063/1.3579133</td>\n",
       "      <td>Maxwell's equations are considered in metric-free form, with a local but otherwise arbitrary constitutive law. After splitting Maxwell's equations into evolution equations and constraints, we derive the characteristic equation and we discuss its properties in detail. We present several results that are relevant for the question of whether the evolution equations are hyperbolic, strongly hyperbolic, or symmetric hyperbolic. In particular, we give a convenient characterization of all constitutive laws for which the evolution equations are symmetric hyperbolic. The latter property is sufficie...</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>The latter property is sufficient, but not necessary, for well-posedness of the initial-value problem.</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.01</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.99</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1014</th>\n",
       "      <td>The Peccei-Quinn field as curvaton.</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.1088/1126-6708</td>\n",
       "      <td>A simple extension of the minimal supersymmetric standard model which naturally and simultaneously solves the strong CP and μ problems via a Peccei-Quinn and a continuous R symmetry is considered. This model is supplemented with hybrid inflation and leptogenesis, but without taking the specific details of these scenarios. It is shown that the Peccei-Quinn field can successfully act as a curvaton generating the total curvature perturbation in the universe in accord with the cosmic background explorer measurements. A crucial phenomenon, which assists us to achieve this, is the `tachyonic amp...</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>Also, the constraint on the non-gaussianity of the curvature perturbation obtained from the recent Wilkinson microwave anisotropy probe data is fulfilled thanks to the `tachyonic effect'</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.45</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.55</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1038</th>\n",
       "      <td>On graph contractions and induced minors. \\ud</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.1016/j.dam.2010.05.005</td>\n",
       "      <td>The Induced Minor Containment problem takes as input two graphs G and H, and asks whether G has H as an induced minor. We show that this problem is fixed parameter tractable in |VH| if G belongs to any nontrivial minor-closed graph class and H is a planar graph. For a fixed graph H, the H-Contractibility problem is to decide whether a graph can be contracted to H. The computational complexity classification of this problem is still open. So far, H has a dominating vertex in all cases known to be solvable in polynomial time, whereas H does not have such a vertex in all cases known to be NP-...</td>\n",
       "      <td>[{'title': None, 'identifiers': ['issn:0166-218X', '0166-218x']}]</td>\n",
       "      <td>The Induced Minor Containment problem takes as input two graphs G and H, and asks whether G has H as an induced minor.</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.01</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.99</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1039</th>\n",
       "      <td>On graph contractions and induced minors. \\ud</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.1016/j.dam.2010.05.005</td>\n",
       "      <td>The Induced Minor Containment problem takes as input two graphs G and H, and asks whether G has H as an induced minor. We show that this problem is fixed parameter tractable in |VH| if G belongs to any nontrivial minor-closed graph class and H is a planar graph. For a fixed graph H, the H-Contractibility problem is to decide whether a graph can be contracted to H. The computational complexity classification of this problem is still open. So far, H has a dominating vertex in all cases known to be solvable in polynomial time, whereas H does not have such a vertex in all cases known to be NP-...</td>\n",
       "      <td>[{'title': None, 'identifiers': ['issn:0166-218X', '0166-218x']}]</td>\n",
       "      <td>We show that this problem is fixed parameter tractable in |VH| if G belongs to any nontrivial minor-closed graph class and H is a planar graph.</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.00</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.00</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1040</th>\n",
       "      <td>On graph contractions and induced minors. \\ud</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.1016/j.dam.2010.05.005</td>\n",
       "      <td>The Induced Minor Containment problem takes as input two graphs G and H, and asks whether G has H as an induced minor. We show that this problem is fixed parameter tractable in |VH| if G belongs to any nontrivial minor-closed graph class and H is a planar graph. For a fixed graph H, the H-Contractibility problem is to decide whether a graph can be contracted to H. The computational complexity classification of this problem is still open. So far, H has a dominating vertex in all cases known to be solvable in polynomial time, whereas H does not have such a vertex in all cases known to be NP-...</td>\n",
       "      <td>[{'title': None, 'identifiers': ['issn:0166-218X', '0166-218x']}]</td>\n",
       "      <td>For a fixed graph H, the H-Contractibility problem is to decide whether a graph can be contracted to H. The computational complexity classification of this problem is still open.</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.00</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.00</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1044</th>\n",
       "      <td>On graph contractions and induced minors. \\ud</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.1016/j.dam.2010.05.005</td>\n",
       "      <td>The Induced Minor Containment problem takes as input two graphs G and H, and asks whether G has H as an induced minor. We show that this problem is fixed parameter tractable in |VH| if G belongs to any nontrivial minor-closed graph class and H is a planar graph. For a fixed graph H, the H-Contractibility problem is to decide whether a graph can be contracted to H. The computational complexity classification of this problem is still open. So far, H has a dominating vertex in all cases known to be solvable in polynomial time, whereas H does not have such a vertex in all cases known to be NP-...</td>\n",
       "      <td>[{'title': None, 'identifiers': ['issn:0166-218X', '0166-218x']}]</td>\n",
       "      <td>Finally, we study the (H,v)-Contractibility problem, where v is a vertex of H. The input of this problem is a graph G and an integer k, and the question is whether G is H-contractible such that the “bag” of G corresponding to v contains at least k vertices.</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.00</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.00</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>...</th>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>6445</th>\n",
       "      <td>Three-dimensional gravity and magnetic modelling of the Irish sector of the NE Atlantic margin</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.1016/j.tecto.2010.02.007</td>\n",
       "      <td>A new 3D lithospheric model has been constructed using high-resolution gravity data from the Irish National Seabed Survey. The sedimentary component of the model incorporated density variations due to laterally varying overcompaction associated with Cenozoic denudation. After optimisation based on gravity inversion, regional crustal thickness variations were defined which are in reasonable agreement with the results of wide-angle seismic experiments. High crustal extension factors (β&gt;5) characterise the deeper parts of the Rockall and Porcupine basins and in places the model indicates extr...</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>The exception is in the extreme south of the basin where the volcanism associated with the Barra Volcanic Ridges combined with indications of relatively strong lithosphere could be evidence of incipient ocean opening</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.02</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.98</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>6448</th>\n",
       "      <td>About experiments and style: a critique of laboratory research in information systems</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.1108/09593840010377608</td>\n",
       "      <td>Presents a critical review of the role of laboratory experiments in information systems research. In an attempt to highlight the issues raised by laboratory experiments, presents a thought experiment of such an experiment. The thought experiment indicates the problem of distinguishing between that which is done to complete the task and that which is done to complete the requirements of the experiment. Further develops an understanding of this problem by presenting the work of Heidegger, Merleau-Ponty and others. From this discussion, shows that people develop styles for coping in the world...</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>The thought experiment indicates the problem of distinguishing between that which is done to complete the task and that which is done to complete the requirements of the experiment.</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.00</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.00</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>6449</th>\n",
       "      <td>About experiments and style: a critique of laboratory research in information systems</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.1108/09593840010377608</td>\n",
       "      <td>Presents a critical review of the role of laboratory experiments in information systems research. In an attempt to highlight the issues raised by laboratory experiments, presents a thought experiment of such an experiment. The thought experiment indicates the problem of distinguishing between that which is done to complete the task and that which is done to complete the requirements of the experiment. Further develops an understanding of this problem by presenting the work of Heidegger, Merleau-Ponty and others. From this discussion, shows that people develop styles for coping in the world...</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>Further develops an understanding of this problem by presenting the work of Heidegger, Merleau-Ponty and others.</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.15</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.85</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>6451</th>\n",
       "      <td>About experiments and style: a critique of laboratory research in information systems</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.1108/09593840010377608</td>\n",
       "      <td>Presents a critical review of the role of laboratory experiments in information systems research. In an attempt to highlight the issues raised by laboratory experiments, presents a thought experiment of such an experiment. The thought experiment indicates the problem of distinguishing between that which is done to complete the task and that which is done to complete the requirements of the experiment. Further develops an understanding of this problem by presenting the work of Heidegger, Merleau-Ponty and others. From this discussion, shows that people develop styles for coping in the world...</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>Based on this discussion, argues that it is impossible for the observer as well as the observed to know whether their style of coping in the experiment is a style of coping with the world or a style of coping with the requirements and constraints of the experiment.</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.47</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.53</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>6456</th>\n",
       "      <td>Integrated social data systems: the role of household censuses and surveys as sources of social, demographic and manpower data in Britain</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.1016/0143-6236(80)90004-6</td>\n",
       "      <td>Recent developments in household census and survey work that represent progress towards an integrated social data system are described. Continuous surveys on the population and its characteristics provide the primary sources of data that serve developmental functions. However, the feasibility and desirability of using standard entity concepts (for example standard definitions and classifications) for making connections between datasets is questioned; the resulting constraints on the application of different conceptualizations of problems or issues (the entity problem) is particularly limit...</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>However, the feasibility and desirability of using standard entity concepts (for example standard definitions and classifications) for making connections between datasets is questioned; the resulting constraints on the application of different conceptualizations of problems or issues (the entity problem) is particularly limiting on the developmental mode of social information processing.</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.05</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.95</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>6468</th>\n",
       "      <td>Psychiatric patients at greatest risk and in greatest need: impact of the supervision register policy</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.1192/bjp.177.1.33</td>\n",
       "      <td>Background: Mental health provider trusts in England were required in 1994 to establish local Supervision Registers of patients at risk.\\ud\\n\\ud\\nAims: To identify the factors associated with registration, and obtain clinicians' views on its effectiveness.\\ud\\n\\ud\\nMethod: At a random sample of 14 trusts data were collected from case notes, keyworkers and responsible medical officers.\\ud\\n\\ud\\nResults: A sample of 133 registered patients were more disabled and had more extensive histories of violence and self-harm than 126 comparison patients on the upper tier of the Care Programme Approac...</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>Its effectiveness is limited by the lack of operationalised measures of risk</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.48</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.52</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>6479</th>\n",
       "      <td>Optimal hitting time and perpetual option in a non-Lévy model: application to real options</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.1239/aap</td>\n",
       "      <td>We study the perpetual American option characteristics in the case where the underlying\\ud\\ndynamics involve a Brownian motion and a point process with a stochastic intensity. No assumption on\\ud\\nthe distribution of the jump size is made and we work with an arbitrary positive or negative jump. After\\ud\\nproving the existence of an optimal stopping time for the problem and characterizing it as the hitting\\ud\\ntime of an optimal boundary,we provide closed-form formulae for the option value, as well as for the\\ud\\nLaplace transform of the optimal stopping time. These results are then applied...</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>After\\ud\\nproving the existence of an optimal stopping time for the problem and characterizing it as the hitting\\ud\\ntime of an optimal boundary,we provide closed-form formulae for the option value, as well as for the\\ud\\nLaplace transform of the optimal stopping time.</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.25</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.75</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>6480</th>\n",
       "      <td>Optimal hitting time and perpetual option in a non-Lévy model: application to real options</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.1239/aap</td>\n",
       "      <td>We study the perpetual American option characteristics in the case where the underlying\\ud\\ndynamics involve a Brownian motion and a point process with a stochastic intensity. No assumption on\\ud\\nthe distribution of the jump size is made and we work with an arbitrary positive or negative jump. After\\ud\\nproving the existence of an optimal stopping time for the problem and characterizing it as the hitting\\ud\\ntime of an optimal boundary,we provide closed-form formulae for the option value, as well as for the\\ud\\nLaplace transform of the optimal stopping time. These results are then applied...</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>These results are then applied to the analysis of a real\\ud\\noption problem when considering the impact of a fundamental and brutal change in the investment project\\ud\\nenvironment.</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.02</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.98</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>6494</th>\n",
       "      <td>Optimal filtering in singular spectrum analysis</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.1016/S0375-9601(97)00559-8</td>\n",
       "      <td>Singular spectrum analysis (SSA) provides a robust method of separating an arbitrary signal from “white” (independent, identically distributed) noise. In the presence of “coloured” noise, or any autocorrelated process, high-variance components of the noise can confuse the singular value decomposition, thereby obscuring genuine signals which are, in principle, detectable. A generalization of SSA is presented which yields both an optimal filter to discriminate against an arbitrary coloured noise and an objective method of quantifying uncertainty in signal reconstruction. The algorithm is app...</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>The algorithm is applied to a simple synthetic signal-separation problem and used to resolve a degeneracy in the SSA of interannual and interdecadal variability of the Earth's global mean temperature</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.00</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.00</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>6508</th>\n",
       "      <td>Valuing health directly</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.1136/bmj.b2577</td>\n",
       "      <td>Valuing the relative benefits of different treatments helps us to allocate scarce healthcare resources to where they do the most good. The National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) advises on the cost effectiveness of treatments and recommends that health benefits should be valued in terms of gains in quality adjusted life years (QALYs). This approach assigns a value between 0 (for death) and 1 (for full health) to each health state and then multiplies that value by how long the state lasts. It makes good sense to value health benefits by accounting for duration in this ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>\\nWe do, however, have serious concerns about NICE’s recommendations for the “quality adjustment” part of the QALY.</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.40</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.60</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>6595</th>\n",
       "      <td>Almost as helpful as good theory: Some conceptual possibilities for the online classroom</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.1080/0968776010090207</td>\n",
       "      <td>Interest and activity in the use of C&amp;IT in higher education is growing, and while there is effort to understand the complexity of the transition to virtual space, aspects of development, particularly clarity about the nature of the learning community, may only be lightly theorized. Based on an ongoing action research study involving postgraduate students studying in the UK and USA, this paper will identify some theoretical roots and derive from these six conceptual areas that seem to the authors to have relevance and significance for behaviour online. An exploration of these forms the bas...</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>However, the explanatory power of taking these extra dimensions into account is beyond the scope of the analysis thus far</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.40</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.60</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>6602</th>\n",
       "      <td>An LP-designed algorithm for constraint satisfaction</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.1007/11841036</td>\n",
       "      <td>The class Max (r,2)-CSP consists of constraint satisfaction problems with at most two r-valued variables per clause. For instances with n variables and m binary clauses, we present an [(O)\\tilde](r19m/100)O(r19m100) -time algorithm. It is the fastest algorithm for most problems in the class (including Max Cut and Max 2-Sat), and in combination with “Generalized CSPs” introduced in a companion paper, also allows counting, sampling, and the solution of problems like Max Bisection that escape the usual CSP framework. Linear programming is key to the design as well as the analysis of the algor...</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>The class Max (r,2)-CSP consists of constraint satisfaction problems with at most two r-valued variables per clause.</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.05</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.95</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>6648</th>\n",
       "      <td>Distance, land and proximity: economic analysis and the evolution of cities</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.1068/a312169</td>\n",
       "      <td>The author attempts to provide a synthesis of the long-run evolution of cities by taking an economic perspective. He defends the idea that urban growth for preindustrial cities has been limited by the tyranny of distance. Then he argues that technological progress, by fostering mobility, has reinforced economies of agglomeration and thus allowed for larger cities. This has led to the development of industrial cities and the dominance of the tyranny of distance. Nowadays, however, technological progress in communications and telecommunications seems to be challenging the rationale for agglo...</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>Nonetheless, it is argued that the `tyranny of proximity' may provide a strong glue to keep postindustrial cities together</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.03</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.97</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>6678</th>\n",
       "      <td>Spatio-temporal variability of some metal concentrations in the soil of eastern England, and implications for soil monitoring.</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.1016/j.geoderma.2005.08.009</td>\n",
       "      <td>Previous workers have proposed the use of multivariate geostatistics for the problem of estimating temporal change in soil properties for soil monitoring, but this has yet to be evaluated. We present a case study of this approach from the Humber–Trent region in North East England. We extracted data from two sources on cobalt, nickel and vanadium concentrations in the topsoil on two dates. Auto-variograms were estimated for each metal on each date, and pseudo cross-variograms for each metal on the two dates. It was shown that robust estimators of the auto and pseudo cross-variograms were ne...</td>\n",
       "      <td>[{'title': None, 'identifiers': ['0016-7061', 'issn:0016-7061']}]</td>\n",
       "      <td>Previous workers have proposed the use of multivariate geostatistics for the problem of estimating temporal change in soil properties for soil monitoring, but this has yet to be evaluated.</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.03</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.97</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>6692</th>\n",
       "      <td>Qualitative methods : the new orthodoxy?</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.1191/0309132502ph392pr</td>\n",
       "      <td>It is an interesting moment to write Progress in Human Geography’s first report on qualitative methods. In one sense, it suggests these methods have, at long last, arrived and been accepted as established approaches. That this is an overdue recognition needs little emphasizing when surveying the number of articles drawing upon, at least in part, qualitative material. However, a less encouraging omen is the recent column in the UK Economic and Social Research Council’s Social Sciences, penned by the chief executive (Marshall, 2001). In it he asserts: ‘British universities and colleges are n...</td>\n",
       "      <td>[{'title': None, 'identifiers': ['0309-1325', 'issn: 1477-0288', ' 1477-0288', 'issn:0309-1325']}]</td>\n",
       "      <td>The problem we are told is acute, though the evidence presented is scant and, moreover, ironically seems to consist of unanalysed, qualitative reports from meetings with civil servants: ‘Failure to [remedy the shortage] is likely to result in Britain falling behind the rest of Europe, both in the provision of talented quantitative social researchers, and the ability to design public policy on a reliable evidence base.’</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.00</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.00</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>6710</th>\n",
       "      <td>An exploratory study of information systems in support of employee empowerment</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.1080/02683960050153174</td>\n",
       "      <td>The notion of employee empowerment in today's organizations is becoming increasingly important with the growing degree of responsibility individual employees hold. This paper presents the findings of a longitudinal study which examined the relationship between computer-based information systems (IS) and empowerment in detail drawing heavily on empirical work carried out in the British manufacturing industry. The paper elaborates and discusses the conceptual issues which are relevant to the idea of empowerment and its relationship with IS, before determining empowerment to be in essence the...</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>However, the interviews revealed that manufacturing organizations are facing a wide range of problems and difficulties with their existing IS raising a number of constraints.</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.25</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.75</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>6717</th>\n",
       "      <td>Long-term care: a suitable case for social insurance</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.1111/j.1467-9515.2010.00718.x</td>\n",
       "      <td>There are potentially large welfare gains if people can buy insurance that covers the costs of long-term care. However, technical problems - largely information problems - face both the providers of insurance and potential buyers. These problems on both the supply and demand sides of the market suggest that the actuarial mechanism is not well suited to addressing risks associated with long-term care. This line of argument underpins the article's main conclusion - that social insurance is a better fi</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>However, technical problems - largely information problems - face both the providers of insurance and potential buyers.</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.15</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.85</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>6764</th>\n",
       "      <td>Static Output Feedback Sliding Mode Control Design via an Artificial Stabilizing Delay</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.1109/TAC.2008.2010889</td>\n",
       "      <td>Metadata only entryIt is well known that for linear, uncertain systems, a static output feedback sliding mode controller can only be determined if a particular triple associated with the reduced order dynamics in the sliding mode is stabilizable. This paper shows that the static output feedback sliding mode control design problem can be solved for a broader class of systems if a known delay term is deliberately introduced into the switching function. Effectively the reduced order sliding mode dynamics are stabilized by the introduction of this artificial delay</td>\n",
       "      <td>[{'title': None, 'identifiers': ['issn:0018-9286', '0018-9286']}]</td>\n",
       "      <td>This paper shows that the static output feedback sliding mode control design problem can be solved for a broader class of systems if a known delay term is deliberately introduced into the switching function.</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.16</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.84</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>6826</th>\n",
       "      <td>Regional development in airlines and travel agents relationship.</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.1016/S0969-6997(02)00014-5</td>\n",
       "      <td>On average, 17% of airline operating cost are attributed to distribution costs which are associated with commissions to travel agents, ticketing, credit card fees, CRS fees and promotion. In recent years, airlines in North America and in Europe have been questioning the role of travel agents in the distribution chain and renegotiating commission fee structures. As a result, some large agents have introduced a management fee philosophy where the clients, especially corporations, pay a fee to the travel agent in return for predetermined services. Such services include providing up-to-the min...</td>\n",
       "      <td>[{'title': None, 'identifiers': ['0969-6997', 'issn:0969-6997']}]</td>\n",
       "      <td>However, Asian carriers have been slow in following their US and European counterparts.</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.40</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.60</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>6835</th>\n",
       "      <td>Assessment of glacier volume change using ASTER-based surface matching of historical photography</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.1109/TGRS.2009.2012702</td>\n",
       "      <td>Glaciated regions are known to be particularly sensitive to climate change. Historical archives of glacier volume change are important, as they provide context for present-day changes. Although photogrammetric archives exist for many regions, their usefulness is often limited by a lack of contemporary ground control. High quality digital elevation models (DEMs) underpin a range of change analysis activities. This paper presents a cost-effective solution which utilizes Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) DEMs as control for the scaling and orientation of a...</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>Although photogrammetric archives exist for many regions, their usefulness is often limited by a lack of contemporary ground control.</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.22</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.78</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>6845</th>\n",
       "      <td>Assessment of glacier volume change using ASTER-based surface matching of historical photography</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.1109/TGRS.2009.2012702</td>\n",
       "      <td>Glaciated regions are known to be particularly sensitive to climate change. Historical archives of glacier volume change are important, as they provide context for present-day changes. Although photogrammetric archives exist for many regions, their usefulness is often limited by a lack of contemporary ground control. High quality digital elevation models (DEMs) underpin a range of change analysis activities. This paper presents a cost-effective solution which utilizes Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) DEMs as control for the scaling and orientation of a...</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>A major advantage of this approach is the near-global coverage offered by ASTER data and the opportunity that this presents for remote glacial change analysis over regional extents</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.16</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.84</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>6943</th>\n",
       "      <td>Noise and determinism in cardiovascular dynamics</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.1016/S0378-4371(02)01165-2</td>\n",
       "      <td>Signals derived from the human cardiovascular system are well known to exhibit highly complex, nearly periodic, oscillatory behaviour whose nature is something of an enigma. It has, for example, been variously described as chaotic, fractal, stochastic, and subject to 1/f fluctuations — and its true nature is still the subject of vigorous debate. We review and describe some recent experiments that illuminate the problem and discuss a combination of noise and almost periodic frequency modulation as a signature of the system dynamics</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>We review and describe some recent experiments that illuminate the problem and discuss a combination of noise and almost periodic frequency modulation as a signature of the system dynamics</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.04</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.96</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>6981</th>\n",
       "      <td>Software-sorted geographies.</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.1191/0309132505ph568oa</td>\n",
       "      <td>This paper explores the central role of computerized code in shaping the social and\\ud\\ngeographical politics of inequality in advanced societies. The central argument is that, while such\\ud\\nprocesses are necessarily multifaceted, multiscaled, complex and ambivalent, a great variety of\\ud\\n‘software-sorting’ techniques is now being widely applied in efforts to try to separate privileged\\ud\\nand marginalized groups and places across a wide range of sectors and domains. This paper’s\\ud\\ncentral demonstration is that the overwhelming bulk of software-sorting applications is closely\\ud\\nassoc...</td>\n",
       "      <td>[{'title': None, 'identifiers': ['0309-1325', 'issn: 1477-0288', ' 1477-0288', 'issn:0309-1325']}]</td>\n",
       "      <td>The central argument is that, while such\\ud\\nprocesses are necessarily multifaceted, multiscaled, complex and ambivalent, a great variety of\\ud\\n‘software-sorting’ techniques is now being widely applied in efforts to try to separate privileged\\ud\\nand marginalized groups and places across a wide range of sectors and domains.</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.05</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.95</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>7020</th>\n",
       "      <td>Rapid prototyping a virtual fire drill environment using computer game technology.</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.1016/j.firesaf.2008.11.004</td>\n",
       "      <td>Conducting fire evacuation drills in modern buildings under realistic fire conditions can be difficult. Typical fire drills do not feature dynamic events such as smoke filled corridors, fires in unexpected places or blocked fire exits that require on the spot decisions from evacuees. One alternative is the use of virtual environments. Virtual environments can support the training and observation of fire evacuee behaviours in 3D virtual buildings. However complex virtual environments can be difficult to build. This paper explores how the reuse of computer game technology can aid in the rapi...</td>\n",
       "      <td>[{'title': None, 'identifiers': ['issn:0379-7112', '0379-7112']}]</td>\n",
       "      <td>One alternative is the use of virtual environments.</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.19</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.81</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>7022</th>\n",
       "      <td>Rapid prototyping a virtual fire drill environment using computer game technology.</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.1016/j.firesaf.2008.11.004</td>\n",
       "      <td>Conducting fire evacuation drills in modern buildings under realistic fire conditions can be difficult. Typical fire drills do not feature dynamic events such as smoke filled corridors, fires in unexpected places or blocked fire exits that require on the spot decisions from evacuees. One alternative is the use of virtual environments. Virtual environments can support the training and observation of fire evacuee behaviours in 3D virtual buildings. However complex virtual environments can be difficult to build. This paper explores how the reuse of computer game technology can aid in the rapi...</td>\n",
       "      <td>[{'title': None, 'identifiers': ['issn:0379-7112', '0379-7112']}]</td>\n",
       "      <td>However complex virtual environments can be difficult to build.</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.40</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.60</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>7046</th>\n",
       "      <td>The economic impact of dementia in Europe in 2008-cost estimates from the Eurocode project</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.1002/gps.2610</td>\n",
       "      <td>Objective\\ud\\nCare for demented people is very resource demanding, the prevalence is increasing and there is so far no cure.\\ud\\nCost of illness (CoI) studies are important by identifying the distribution of costs between different payers of care. The European Union (EU) funded the European Collaboration on Dementia (Eurocode) as part of the EU's 2005 work plan of the Community public health programme. Eurocode was administered by Alzheimer Europe.\\ud\\nThe aim was to describe the economic impact of dementia in Europe in 2008.\\ud\\n\\ud\\nMethods\\ud\\nEurocode's new estimates for dementia preva...</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>Notwithstanding the methodological challenges, the societal costs of dementia in Europe are very high which in turn have substantial resource impacts on the social and health care systems in Europe</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.43</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.57</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>7047</th>\n",
       "      <td>Apoptosis-like death as a feature of malaria infection in mosquitoes.</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.1017/S0031182006000849</td>\n",
       "      <td>Malaria parasites of the genus Plasmodium make a hazardous journey through their mosquito vectors. The majority die in the process, many as a result of the action of mosquito defence mechanisms. The mosquito too is not unscathed by the encounter with these parasites. Tissue damage occurs as a result of mid-gut invasion and reproductive fitness is lost when many developing ovarian follicles are resorbed. Here we discuss some of the mechanisms that are involved in killing the parasite and in the self-defence mechanisms employed by the mosquito to repair the mid-gut epithelium and to manipula...</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>Malaria parasites of the genus Plasmodium make a hazardous journey through their mosquito vectors.</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.29</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.71</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>7146</th>\n",
       "      <td>Medication errors with electronic prescribing (eP): two views of the same picture</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.1186/1472-6963-10-135</td>\n",
       "      <td>Background: Quantitative prospective methods are widely used to evaluate the impact of new technologies such as electronic prescribing (eP) on medication errors. However, they are labour-intensive and it is not always feasible to obtain pre-intervention data. Our objective was to compare the eP medication error picture obtained with retrospective quantitative and qualitative methods. Methods: The study was carried out at one English district general hospital approximately two years after implementation of an integrated electronic prescribing, administration and records system. Quantitative...</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>However, they are labour-intensive and it is not always feasible to obtain pre-intervention data.</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.48</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.52</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>7166</th>\n",
       "      <td>Resistance to change - a monitor of new technology</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.1007/BF01059564</td>\n",
       "      <td>This paper examines the credibility of the deficit model of resistance to change in a case study on office automation. A functional analysis of resistance to change is conducted using narrative interviews and documentary analysis. Resistance to change is shown to occur and to affect the implementation process: resistance is identified as a useful source of information, directing the attention of the change agency to improve hardware, software, and the organization. User attitudes were found to change: global skepticism developed into critical acceptance of the office system. The decision-m...</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>The case highlights some limitations of Lewinian field theory in studying resistance to change.</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.34</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.66</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>7190</th>\n",
       "      <td>Ultrasound-mediated DNA transfer for bacteria</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.1093/nar</td>\n",
       "      <td>In environmental microbiology, the most commonly used methods of bacterial DNA transfer are conjugation and electroporation. However, conjugation requires physical contact and cell–pilus–cell interactions; electroporation requires low-ionic strength medium and high voltage. These limitations have hampered broad applications of bacterial DNA delivery. We have employed a standard low frequency 40 kHz ultrasound bath to successfully transfer plasmid pBBR1MCS2 into Pseudomonas putida UWC1, Escherichia coli DH5 and Pseudomonas fluorescens SBW25 with high efficiency. Under optimal conditions: ul...</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>However, conjugation requires physical contact and cell–pilus–cell interactions; electroporation requires low-ionic strength medium and high voltage.</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.44</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.56</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "<p>224 rows × 9 columns</p>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "                                                                                                                                            title  \\\n",
       "32                                                                                                     The single-payer option: a reconsideration   \n",
       "34                                                                                                     The single-payer option: a reconsideration   \n",
       "44                                                                             Representations of HIV/AIDS management in South African newspapers   \n",
       "103                                                        Linear tracks and restricted temperature ranges characterise penguin foraging pathways   \n",
       "168                                                                                                         A theory of requisite decision models   \n",
       "171                                                                                                         A theory of requisite decision models   \n",
       "172                                                                                                         A theory of requisite decision models   \n",
       "296                          Dynamic imaging in electrical capacitance tomography and electromagnetic induction tomography using a Kalman filter.   \n",
       "333            Magnetic biomonitoring of roadside tree leaves: identification of spatial and temporal variations in vehicle-derived particulates.   \n",
       "345                                                  Some of our concepts are missing: reflections on the absence of a sociology of organisations   \n",
       "387   Water Quality, nutrients and the European Union’s Water Framework Directive in a lowland agricultural region:  Suffolk, south-east England.   \n",
       "509                                                                          Optimal investment with inside information and parameter uncertainty   \n",
       "512                                                                          Optimal investment with inside information and parameter uncertainty   \n",
       "561                                                                                                      A duality theorem for linear congruences   \n",
       "648                                                                    A consumer-centred approach for service-oriented product line development.   \n",
       "666                                                                                             Free riding on Gnutella revisited:the bell tolls?   \n",
       "669                                                                                             Free riding on Gnutella revisited:the bell tolls?   \n",
       "743                                                             Neutral modes of a two-dimensional vortex and their link to persistent cat's eyes   \n",
       "758                                                                               Differential recurrent neural network based predictive control.   \n",
       "905                                                                A general algorithm for detecting faults under the comparison diagnosis model.   \n",
       "924                                                                      Vertebrate responses to surface wildfires in a central Amazonian forest.   \n",
       "979                                                                                              A particle filter for freeway traffic estimation   \n",
       "980                                                                                              A particle filter for freeway traffic estimation   \n",
       "987                                                                                              A particle filter for freeway traffic estimation   \n",
       "1003                                                                   On the hyperbolicity of Maxwell's equations with a local constitutive law.   \n",
       "1014                                                                                                          The Peccei-Quinn field as curvaton.   \n",
       "1038                                                                                                On graph contractions and induced minors. \\ud   \n",
       "1039                                                                                                On graph contractions and induced minors. \\ud   \n",
       "1040                                                                                                On graph contractions and induced minors. \\ud   \n",
       "1044                                                                                                On graph contractions and induced minors. \\ud   \n",
       "...                                                                                                                                           ...   \n",
       "6445                                               Three-dimensional gravity and magnetic modelling of the Irish sector of the NE Atlantic margin   \n",
       "6448                                                        About experiments and style: a critique of laboratory research in information systems   \n",
       "6449                                                        About experiments and style: a critique of laboratory research in information systems   \n",
       "6451                                                        About experiments and style: a critique of laboratory research in information systems   \n",
       "6456    Integrated social data systems: the role of household censuses and surveys as sources of social, demographic and manpower data in Britain   \n",
       "6468                                        Psychiatric patients at greatest risk and in greatest need: impact of the supervision register policy   \n",
       "6479                                                   Optimal hitting time and perpetual option in a non-Lévy model: application to real options   \n",
       "6480                                                   Optimal hitting time and perpetual option in a non-Lévy model: application to real options   \n",
       "6494                                                                                              Optimal filtering in singular spectrum analysis   \n",
       "6508                                                                                                                      Valuing health directly   \n",
       "6595                                                     Almost as helpful as good theory: Some conceptual possibilities for the online classroom   \n",
       "6602                                                                                         An LP-designed algorithm for constraint satisfaction   \n",
       "6648                                                                  Distance, land and proximity: economic analysis and the evolution of cities   \n",
       "6678               Spatio-temporal variability of some metal concentrations in the soil of eastern England, and implications for soil monitoring.   \n",
       "6692                                                                                                     Qualitative methods : the new orthodoxy?   \n",
       "6710                                                               An exploratory study of information systems in support of employee empowerment   \n",
       "6717                                                                                         Long-term care: a suitable case for social insurance   \n",
       "6764                                                       Static Output Feedback Sliding Mode Control Design via an Artificial Stabilizing Delay   \n",
       "6826                                                                             Regional development in airlines and travel agents relationship.   \n",
       "6835                                             Assessment of glacier volume change using ASTER-based surface matching of historical photography   \n",
       "6845                                             Assessment of glacier volume change using ASTER-based surface matching of historical photography   \n",
       "6943                                                                                             Noise and determinism in cardiovascular dynamics   \n",
       "6981                                                                                                                 Software-sorted geographies.   \n",
       "7020                                                           Rapid prototyping a virtual fire drill environment using computer game technology.   \n",
       "7022                                                           Rapid prototyping a virtual fire drill environment using computer game technology.   \n",
       "7046                                                   The economic impact of dementia in Europe in 2008-cost estimates from the Eurocode project   \n",
       "7047                                                                        Apoptosis-like death as a feature of malaria infection in mosquitoes.   \n",
       "7146                                                            Medication errors with electronic prescribing (eP): two views of the same picture   \n",
       "7166                                                                                           Resistance to change - a monitor of new technology   \n",
       "7190                                                                                                Ultrasound-mediated DNA transfer for bacteria   \n",
       "\n",
       "                                    doi  \\\n",
       "32            10.1215/03616878-2009-013   \n",
       "34            10.1215/03616878-2009-013   \n",
       "44          10.2989/AJAR.2008.7.2.5.522   \n",
       "103                   10.3354/meps07638   \n",
       "168        10.1016/0001-6918(84)90005-2   \n",
       "171        10.1016/0001-6918(84)90005-2   \n",
       "172        10.1016/0001-6918(84)90005-2   \n",
       "296                   10.1088/0957-0233   \n",
       "333       10.1016/S1352-2310(99)00229-0   \n",
       "345             10.1111/1467-9566.00346   \n",
       "387     10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.12.040   \n",
       "509           10.1007/s11579-010-0025-y   \n",
       "512           10.1007/s11579-010-0025-y   \n",
       "561        10.1016/0166-218X(84)90116-1   \n",
       "648          10.1109/WICSA.2009.5290807   \n",
       "666                10.1109/MDSO.2005.31   \n",
       "669                10.1109/MDSO.2005.31   \n",
       "743                   10.1063/1.2838596   \n",
       "758   10.1016/j.compchemeng.2007.07.007   \n",
       "905          10.1109/IPDPS.2010.5470369   \n",
       "924           10.1017/S0030605303000188   \n",
       "979            10.1109/CDC.2004.1430359   \n",
       "980            10.1109/CDC.2004.1430359   \n",
       "987            10.1109/CDC.2004.1430359   \n",
       "1003                  10.1063/1.3579133   \n",
       "1014                  10.1088/1126-6708   \n",
       "1038          10.1016/j.dam.2010.05.005   \n",
       "1039          10.1016/j.dam.2010.05.005   \n",
       "1040          10.1016/j.dam.2010.05.005   \n",
       "1044          10.1016/j.dam.2010.05.005   \n",
       "...                                 ...   \n",
       "6445        10.1016/j.tecto.2010.02.007   \n",
       "6448          10.1108/09593840010377608   \n",
       "6449          10.1108/09593840010377608   \n",
       "6451          10.1108/09593840010377608   \n",
       "6456       10.1016/0143-6236(80)90004-6   \n",
       "6468               10.1192/bjp.177.1.33   \n",
       "6479                        10.1239/aap   \n",
       "6480                        10.1239/aap   \n",
       "6494      10.1016/S0375-9601(97)00559-8   \n",
       "6508                  10.1136/bmj.b2577   \n",
       "6595           10.1080/0968776010090207   \n",
       "6602                   10.1007/11841036   \n",
       "6648                    10.1068/a312169   \n",
       "6678     10.1016/j.geoderma.2005.08.009   \n",
       "6692          10.1191/0309132502ph392pr   \n",
       "6710          10.1080/02683960050153174   \n",
       "6717   10.1111/j.1467-9515.2010.00718.x   \n",
       "6764           10.1109/TAC.2008.2010889   \n",
       "6826      10.1016/S0969-6997(02)00014-5   \n",
       "6835          10.1109/TGRS.2009.2012702   \n",
       "6845          10.1109/TGRS.2009.2012702   \n",
       "6943      10.1016/S0378-4371(02)01165-2   \n",
       "6981          10.1191/0309132505ph568oa   \n",
       "7020      10.1016/j.firesaf.2008.11.004   \n",
       "7022      10.1016/j.firesaf.2008.11.004   \n",
       "7046                   10.1002/gps.2610   \n",
       "7047          10.1017/S0031182006000849   \n",
       "7146           10.1186/1472-6963-10-135   \n",
       "7166                 10.1007/BF01059564   \n",
       "7190                        10.1093/nar   \n",
       "\n",
       "                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     abstract  \\\n",
       "32    This article discusses some of the merits and demerits of the single-payer model of health care financing, with particular reference to the English National Health Service (NHS). Specifically, it is argued that the main merits are that the model can directly provide universal health care coverage, thus eradicating or at least alleviating market failure and equity concerns, and that it can achieve this with relatively low total health care expenditure in general and—as compared to the commercial multiple insurance model—low administrative costs in particular. A perceived demerit of the sing...   \n",
       "34    This article discusses some of the merits and demerits of the single-payer model of health care financing, with particular reference to the English National Health Service (NHS). Specifically, it is argued that the main merits are that the model can directly provide universal health care coverage, thus eradicating or at least alleviating market failure and equity concerns, and that it can achieve this with relatively low total health care expenditure in general and—as compared to the commercial multiple insurance model—low administrative costs in particular. A perceived demerit of the sing...   \n",
       "44    In South Africa, numerous strong policy statements emphasise the importance of involving communities in HIV/AIDS management, yet in practice such involvement tends to be tokenistic and minimal. Social representations in the public sphere constitute the symbolic dimension within which responses to HIV and AIDS are conceptualised and transformed into action. Through an analysis of newspaper articles, we explore the dominant representations of HIV/AIDS management circulating in the South African public sphere and examine how community engagement is depicted. We highlight the way media represe...   \n",
       "103   Marine predators are thought to follow sophisticated scale-dependent search strategies when seeking patchy and unpredictable prey. However, fine-scale information about these strategies has hitherto been difficult to obtain for diving predators that often remain at the sea surface for only limited periods of time. Using ARGOS telemetry and novel, low-powered, archival GPS, we followed the fine-scale at-sea behaviour of king penguins breeding on South Georgia. Results revealed that foraging pathways were generally linear, except at the finest scale, where movements probably reflected either...   \n",
       "168   A requisite decision model is defined as a model whose form and content are sufficient to solve a particular problem. The model is constructed through an interactive and consultative process between problem owners and specialists (decision analysts). The process of generating the model uses participants' sense of unease about current model results to further development of the model. Sensitivity analyses facilitate the emergence of new intuitions about the problem; when no new intuitions arise, the model is considered requisite. At all stages of development, the model represents the social...   \n",
       "171   A requisite decision model is defined as a model whose form and content are sufficient to solve a particular problem. The model is constructed through an interactive and consultative process between problem owners and specialists (decision analysts). The process of generating the model uses participants' sense of unease about current model results to further development of the model. Sensitivity analyses facilitate the emergence of new intuitions about the problem; when no new intuitions arise, the model is considered requisite. At all stages of development, the model represents the social...   \n",
       "172   A requisite decision model is defined as a model whose form and content are sufficient to solve a particular problem. The model is constructed through an interactive and consultative process between problem owners and specialists (decision analysts). The process of generating the model uses participants' sense of unease about current model results to further development of the model. Sensitivity analyses facilitate the emergence of new intuitions about the problem; when no new intuitions arise, the model is considered requisite. At all stages of development, the model represents the social...   \n",
       "296   Electrical capacitance tomography (ECT) and electromagnetic induction tomography (EMT) attempt to visualize the distributions of materials with different permittivity and conductivity/permeability, aiming to reveal electrical and magnetic characteristics of an object, by measuring electrical capacitance and electromagnetic inductance on the periphery of the object. In ECT, capacitances of pairs of electrodes placed around the periphery are measured and in EMT, mutual induction of pairs of coils is measured. In this paper, a dynamic imaging technique is developed for ECT and EMT with a line...   \n",
       "333   We report here the novel use of rapid and non-destructive magnetic measurements to investigate the spatial and temporal pattern of urban dust loadings on leaves of roadside trees. More than 600 leaves were collected from birch trees and their remanent magnetization (IRM300 mT) determined and normalized for the leaf area. The results show that this normalised 2-D magnetization is dominantly controlled by the tree's distance to the road. The magnetic analyses enabled detailed mapping of the spatial and temporal variations of vehicle-derived particulates. Higher 2D-magnetizations, indicating ...   \n",
       "345   The task of examining just how the concept of 'organisations' has fared in Sociology of Health and Illness in its first 25 years is in some ways unrewarding. The answer has to be –'not at all well'. But why is this and does it matter? Part one of this paper considers what research on health care organisations was being conducted in the early years of the Journal and why that work was not viewed with favour by sociologists. Part two examines the growing gulf between those who saw themselves principally as responding to the call for a sociology of health and illness informed by broader socio...   \n",
       "387   The water quality of 13 rivers in the lowland, agricultural county of Suffolk is investigated using routine monitoring data for the period 1981 to 2006 collected by the Environment Agency of England and Wales (EA), and its predecessors, with particular emphasis on phosphorus (as total reactive phosphorus, TRP) and total (dissolved and particulate) oxidised nitrogen (TOxN – predominantly nitrate NO3). Major ion and flow data are used to outline fundamental hydrochemical characteristics related to the groundwater provenance of base-flow waters.  Relative load contributions from point and dif...   \n",
       "509   An optimal investment problem is solved for an insider who has access to noisy\\ud\\ninformation related to a future stock price, but who does not know the stock price drift. The\\ud\\ndrift is ﬁltered from a combination of price observations and the privileged information,\\ud\\nfusing a partial information scenario with enlargement of ﬁltration techniques. We apply\\ud\\na variant of the Kalman–Bucy ﬁlter to infer a signal, given a combination of an observation process and some additional information. This converts the combined partial and inside\\ud\\ninformation model to a full information model...   \n",
       "512   An optimal investment problem is solved for an insider who has access to noisy\\ud\\ninformation related to a future stock price, but who does not know the stock price drift. The\\ud\\ndrift is ﬁltered from a combination of price observations and the privileged information,\\ud\\nfusing a partial information scenario with enlargement of ﬁltration techniques. We apply\\ud\\na variant of the Kalman–Bucy ﬁlter to infer a signal, given a combination of an observation process and some additional information. This converts the combined partial and inside\\ud\\ninformation model to a full information model...   \n",
       "561                                                                                                                                                                                                An analogous duality theorem to that for Linear Programming is presented for systems of linear congruences. It is pointed out that such a system of linear congruences is a relaxation of an Integer Programming model (for which the duality theorem does not hold). Algorithms are presented for both the resulting primal and dual problems. These algorithms serve to give a constructive proof of the duality theorem   \n",
       "648   The notion of software as a service promises agile, flexible and low maintenance system development through a dynamic runtime architecture that allows third-party functionality and capability to be added on demand. There is growing research interest in how service-orientation can be adopted a means for enhancing agility and flexibility in product line engineering. However, integrating service-orientation in product line engineering poses a number of challenges. These include difficulty in identifying services, ensuring services reflect user needs, and determining configurations of services...   \n",
       "666   A new analysis of free riding on the Gnutella network updates data from 2000 and points to an increasing downgrade in the network's overall performance and the emergence of a \"metatragedy\" of the commons. Individuals who use peer-to-peer (P2P) file-sharing networks such as Gnutella face a social dilemma. They must decide whether to contribute to the common good by sharing files or maximize their personal experience by free riding, downloading files while not contributing any to the network. Individuals gain no personal benefits from uploading files (in fact, it's inconvenient), so it's \"ra...   \n",
       "669   A new analysis of free riding on the Gnutella network updates data from 2000 and points to an increasing downgrade in the network's overall performance and the emergence of a \"metatragedy\" of the commons. Individuals who use peer-to-peer (P2P) file-sharing networks such as Gnutella face a social dilemma. They must decide whether to contribute to the common good by sharing files or maximize their personal experience by free riding, downloading files while not contributing any to the network. Individuals gain no personal benefits from uploading files (in fact, it's inconvenient), so it's \"ra...   \n",
       "743   This paper considers the relaxation of a smooth two--dimensional vortex to axisymmetry after the application of an instantaneous, weak external strain field. In this limit the disturbance decays exponentially in time at a rate that is linked to a pole of the associated linear inviscid problem (known as a Landau pole). As a model of a typical vortex distribution that can give rise to cat's eyes, here distributions are examined that have a basic Gaussian shape but whose profiles have been artificially flattened about some radius r_c. A numerical study of the Landau poles for this family of v...   \n",
       "758   In this paper an efficient algorithm to train general differential recurrent\\nneural network (DRNN) is developed. The trained network can be directly used in\\nthe nonlinear model predictive control (NMPC) context. The neural network is\\nrepresented in a general nonlinear state-space form and used to predict the\\nfuture dynamic behavior of the nonlinear process in real time. In the new\\ntraining algorithms, the ODEs of the model and the dynamic sensitivity are\\nsolved simultaneously using Taylor series expansion and automatic\\ndifferentiation (AD) techniques. The same approach is also used ...   \n",
       "905   We develop a widely applicable algorithm to solve the fault diagnosis problem in certain distributed-memory multiprocessor systems in which there are a limited number of faulty processors. In particular, we prove that if the underlying graph G = (V,E) forming the interconnection network has connectivity no less than its diagnosability δ and can be partitioned into enough connected components of large enough size then given a syndrome of test results under the comparison diagnosis model resulting from some set of faulty nodes of size at most δ, we can find the actual set of faulty nodes wit...   \n",
       "924   Surface fires have recently become a widespread pantropical phenomenon that could trigger revolutionary changes in the structure and functioning of tropical forests and result in a catastrophic impoverishment of the vertebrate fauna. Here we describe the short- and medium-term responses of bird and mammal assemblages to an unprecedented wildfire that scorched the understorey of 1,100 km2 of forest in the Arapiuns-Maró river basin of central Brazilian Amazonia. Fire-induced mortality in the aftermath of this burn was high for a wide range of plant and animal populations monitored. This incl...   \n",
       "979   This paper considers the traffic flow estimation problem for the purposes of on-line traffic prediction, mode detection and ramp-metering control. The solution to the estimation problem is given within the Bayesian recursive framework. A particle filter (PF) is developed based on a freeway traffic model with aggregated states and an observation model with aggregated variables. The freeway is considered as a network of components, each component representing a different section of the traffic network. The freeway traffic is modelled as a stochastic hybrid system, i.e. each traffic section p...   \n",
       "980   This paper considers the traffic flow estimation problem for the purposes of on-line traffic prediction, mode detection and ramp-metering control. The solution to the estimation problem is given within the Bayesian recursive framework. A particle filter (PF) is developed based on a freeway traffic model with aggregated states and an observation model with aggregated variables. The freeway is considered as a network of components, each component representing a different section of the traffic network. The freeway traffic is modelled as a stochastic hybrid system, i.e. each traffic section p...   \n",
       "987   This paper considers the traffic flow estimation problem for the purposes of on-line traffic prediction, mode detection and ramp-metering control. The solution to the estimation problem is given within the Bayesian recursive framework. A particle filter (PF) is developed based on a freeway traffic model with aggregated states and an observation model with aggregated variables. The freeway is considered as a network of components, each component representing a different section of the traffic network. The freeway traffic is modelled as a stochastic hybrid system, i.e. each traffic section p...   \n",
       "1003  Maxwell's equations are considered in metric-free form, with a local but otherwise arbitrary constitutive law. After splitting Maxwell's equations into evolution equations and constraints, we derive the characteristic equation and we discuss its properties in detail. We present several results that are relevant for the question of whether the evolution equations are hyperbolic, strongly hyperbolic, or symmetric hyperbolic. In particular, we give a convenient characterization of all constitutive laws for which the evolution equations are symmetric hyperbolic. The latter property is sufficie...   \n",
       "1014  A simple extension of the minimal supersymmetric standard model which naturally and simultaneously solves the strong CP and μ problems via a Peccei-Quinn and a continuous R symmetry is considered. This model is supplemented with hybrid inflation and leptogenesis, but without taking the specific details of these scenarios. It is shown that the Peccei-Quinn field can successfully act as a curvaton generating the total curvature perturbation in the universe in accord with the cosmic background explorer measurements. A crucial phenomenon, which assists us to achieve this, is the `tachyonic amp...   \n",
       "1038  The Induced Minor Containment problem takes as input two graphs G and H, and asks whether G has H as an induced minor. We show that this problem is fixed parameter tractable in |VH| if G belongs to any nontrivial minor-closed graph class and H is a planar graph. For a fixed graph H, the H-Contractibility problem is to decide whether a graph can be contracted to H. The computational complexity classification of this problem is still open. So far, H has a dominating vertex in all cases known to be solvable in polynomial time, whereas H does not have such a vertex in all cases known to be NP-...   \n",
       "1039  The Induced Minor Containment problem takes as input two graphs G and H, and asks whether G has H as an induced minor. We show that this problem is fixed parameter tractable in |VH| if G belongs to any nontrivial minor-closed graph class and H is a planar graph. For a fixed graph H, the H-Contractibility problem is to decide whether a graph can be contracted to H. The computational complexity classification of this problem is still open. So far, H has a dominating vertex in all cases known to be solvable in polynomial time, whereas H does not have such a vertex in all cases known to be NP-...   \n",
       "1040  The Induced Minor Containment problem takes as input two graphs G and H, and asks whether G has H as an induced minor. We show that this problem is fixed parameter tractable in |VH| if G belongs to any nontrivial minor-closed graph class and H is a planar graph. For a fixed graph H, the H-Contractibility problem is to decide whether a graph can be contracted to H. The computational complexity classification of this problem is still open. So far, H has a dominating vertex in all cases known to be solvable in polynomial time, whereas H does not have such a vertex in all cases known to be NP-...   \n",
       "1044  The Induced Minor Containment problem takes as input two graphs G and H, and asks whether G has H as an induced minor. We show that this problem is fixed parameter tractable in |VH| if G belongs to any nontrivial minor-closed graph class and H is a planar graph. For a fixed graph H, the H-Contractibility problem is to decide whether a graph can be contracted to H. The computational complexity classification of this problem is still open. So far, H has a dominating vertex in all cases known to be solvable in polynomial time, whereas H does not have such a vertex in all cases known to be NP-...   \n",
       "...                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       ...   \n",
       "6445  A new 3D lithospheric model has been constructed using high-resolution gravity data from the Irish National Seabed Survey. The sedimentary component of the model incorporated density variations due to laterally varying overcompaction associated with Cenozoic denudation. After optimisation based on gravity inversion, regional crustal thickness variations were defined which are in reasonable agreement with the results of wide-angle seismic experiments. High crustal extension factors (β>5) characterise the deeper parts of the Rockall and Porcupine basins and in places the model indicates extr...   \n",
       "6448  Presents a critical review of the role of laboratory experiments in information systems research. In an attempt to highlight the issues raised by laboratory experiments, presents a thought experiment of such an experiment. The thought experiment indicates the problem of distinguishing between that which is done to complete the task and that which is done to complete the requirements of the experiment. Further develops an understanding of this problem by presenting the work of Heidegger, Merleau-Ponty and others. From this discussion, shows that people develop styles for coping in the world...   \n",
       "6449  Presents a critical review of the role of laboratory experiments in information systems research. In an attempt to highlight the issues raised by laboratory experiments, presents a thought experiment of such an experiment. The thought experiment indicates the problem of distinguishing between that which is done to complete the task and that which is done to complete the requirements of the experiment. Further develops an understanding of this problem by presenting the work of Heidegger, Merleau-Ponty and others. From this discussion, shows that people develop styles for coping in the world...   \n",
       "6451  Presents a critical review of the role of laboratory experiments in information systems research. In an attempt to highlight the issues raised by laboratory experiments, presents a thought experiment of such an experiment. The thought experiment indicates the problem of distinguishing between that which is done to complete the task and that which is done to complete the requirements of the experiment. Further develops an understanding of this problem by presenting the work of Heidegger, Merleau-Ponty and others. From this discussion, shows that people develop styles for coping in the world...   \n",
       "6456  Recent developments in household census and survey work that represent progress towards an integrated social data system are described. Continuous surveys on the population and its characteristics provide the primary sources of data that serve developmental functions. However, the feasibility and desirability of using standard entity concepts (for example standard definitions and classifications) for making connections between datasets is questioned; the resulting constraints on the application of different conceptualizations of problems or issues (the entity problem) is particularly limit...   \n",
       "6468  Background: Mental health provider trusts in England were required in 1994 to establish local Supervision Registers of patients at risk.\\ud\\n\\ud\\nAims: To identify the factors associated with registration, and obtain clinicians' views on its effectiveness.\\ud\\n\\ud\\nMethod: At a random sample of 14 trusts data were collected from case notes, keyworkers and responsible medical officers.\\ud\\n\\ud\\nResults: A sample of 133 registered patients were more disabled and had more extensive histories of violence and self-harm than 126 comparison patients on the upper tier of the Care Programme Approac...   \n",
       "6479  We study the perpetual American option characteristics in the case where the underlying\\ud\\ndynamics involve a Brownian motion and a point process with a stochastic intensity. No assumption on\\ud\\nthe distribution of the jump size is made and we work with an arbitrary positive or negative jump. After\\ud\\nproving the existence of an optimal stopping time for the problem and characterizing it as the hitting\\ud\\ntime of an optimal boundary,we provide closed-form formulae for the option value, as well as for the\\ud\\nLaplace transform of the optimal stopping time. These results are then applied...   \n",
       "6480  We study the perpetual American option characteristics in the case where the underlying\\ud\\ndynamics involve a Brownian motion and a point process with a stochastic intensity. No assumption on\\ud\\nthe distribution of the jump size is made and we work with an arbitrary positive or negative jump. After\\ud\\nproving the existence of an optimal stopping time for the problem and characterizing it as the hitting\\ud\\ntime of an optimal boundary,we provide closed-form formulae for the option value, as well as for the\\ud\\nLaplace transform of the optimal stopping time. These results are then applied...   \n",
       "6494  Singular spectrum analysis (SSA) provides a robust method of separating an arbitrary signal from “white” (independent, identically distributed) noise. In the presence of “coloured” noise, or any autocorrelated process, high-variance components of the noise can confuse the singular value decomposition, thereby obscuring genuine signals which are, in principle, detectable. A generalization of SSA is presented which yields both an optimal filter to discriminate against an arbitrary coloured noise and an objective method of quantifying uncertainty in signal reconstruction. The algorithm is app...   \n",
       "6508  Valuing the relative benefits of different treatments helps us to allocate scarce healthcare resources to where they do the most good. The National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) advises on the cost effectiveness of treatments and recommends that health benefits should be valued in terms of gains in quality adjusted life years (QALYs). This approach assigns a value between 0 (for death) and 1 (for full health) to each health state and then multiplies that value by how long the state lasts. It makes good sense to value health benefits by accounting for duration in this ...   \n",
       "6595  Interest and activity in the use of C&IT in higher education is growing, and while there is effort to understand the complexity of the transition to virtual space, aspects of development, particularly clarity about the nature of the learning community, may only be lightly theorized. Based on an ongoing action research study involving postgraduate students studying in the UK and USA, this paper will identify some theoretical roots and derive from these six conceptual areas that seem to the authors to have relevance and significance for behaviour online. An exploration of these forms the bas...   \n",
       "6602  The class Max (r,2)-CSP consists of constraint satisfaction problems with at most two r-valued variables per clause. For instances with n variables and m binary clauses, we present an [(O)\\tilde](r19m/100)O(r19m100) -time algorithm. It is the fastest algorithm for most problems in the class (including Max Cut and Max 2-Sat), and in combination with “Generalized CSPs” introduced in a companion paper, also allows counting, sampling, and the solution of problems like Max Bisection that escape the usual CSP framework. Linear programming is key to the design as well as the analysis of the algor...   \n",
       "6648  The author attempts to provide a synthesis of the long-run evolution of cities by taking an economic perspective. He defends the idea that urban growth for preindustrial cities has been limited by the tyranny of distance. Then he argues that technological progress, by fostering mobility, has reinforced economies of agglomeration and thus allowed for larger cities. This has led to the development of industrial cities and the dominance of the tyranny of distance. Nowadays, however, technological progress in communications and telecommunications seems to be challenging the rationale for agglo...   \n",
       "6678  Previous workers have proposed the use of multivariate geostatistics for the problem of estimating temporal change in soil properties for soil monitoring, but this has yet to be evaluated. We present a case study of this approach from the Humber–Trent region in North East England. We extracted data from two sources on cobalt, nickel and vanadium concentrations in the topsoil on two dates. Auto-variograms were estimated for each metal on each date, and pseudo cross-variograms for each metal on the two dates. It was shown that robust estimators of the auto and pseudo cross-variograms were ne...   \n",
       "6692  It is an interesting moment to write Progress in Human Geography’s first report on qualitative methods. In one sense, it suggests these methods have, at long last, arrived and been accepted as established approaches. That this is an overdue recognition needs little emphasizing when surveying the number of articles drawing upon, at least in part, qualitative material. However, a less encouraging omen is the recent column in the UK Economic and Social Research Council’s Social Sciences, penned by the chief executive (Marshall, 2001). In it he asserts: ‘British universities and colleges are n...   \n",
       "6710  The notion of employee empowerment in today's organizations is becoming increasingly important with the growing degree of responsibility individual employees hold. This paper presents the findings of a longitudinal study which examined the relationship between computer-based information systems (IS) and empowerment in detail drawing heavily on empirical work carried out in the British manufacturing industry. The paper elaborates and discusses the conceptual issues which are relevant to the idea of empowerment and its relationship with IS, before determining empowerment to be in essence the...   \n",
       "6717                                                                                                 There are potentially large welfare gains if people can buy insurance that covers the costs of long-term care. However, technical problems - largely information problems - face both the providers of insurance and potential buyers. These problems on both the supply and demand sides of the market suggest that the actuarial mechanism is not well suited to addressing risks associated with long-term care. This line of argument underpins the article's main conclusion - that social insurance is a better fi   \n",
       "6764                                   Metadata only entryIt is well known that for linear, uncertain systems, a static output feedback sliding mode controller can only be determined if a particular triple associated with the reduced order dynamics in the sliding mode is stabilizable. This paper shows that the static output feedback sliding mode control design problem can be solved for a broader class of systems if a known delay term is deliberately introduced into the switching function. Effectively the reduced order sliding mode dynamics are stabilized by the introduction of this artificial delay   \n",
       "6826  On average, 17% of airline operating cost are attributed to distribution costs which are associated with commissions to travel agents, ticketing, credit card fees, CRS fees and promotion. In recent years, airlines in North America and in Europe have been questioning the role of travel agents in the distribution chain and renegotiating commission fee structures. As a result, some large agents have introduced a management fee philosophy where the clients, especially corporations, pay a fee to the travel agent in return for predetermined services. Such services include providing up-to-the min...   \n",
       "6835  Glaciated regions are known to be particularly sensitive to climate change. Historical archives of glacier volume change are important, as they provide context for present-day changes. Although photogrammetric archives exist for many regions, their usefulness is often limited by a lack of contemporary ground control. High quality digital elevation models (DEMs) underpin a range of change analysis activities. This paper presents a cost-effective solution which utilizes Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) DEMs as control for the scaling and orientation of a...   \n",
       "6845  Glaciated regions are known to be particularly sensitive to climate change. Historical archives of glacier volume change are important, as they provide context for present-day changes. Although photogrammetric archives exist for many regions, their usefulness is often limited by a lack of contemporary ground control. High quality digital elevation models (DEMs) underpin a range of change analysis activities. This paper presents a cost-effective solution which utilizes Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) DEMs as control for the scaling and orientation of a...   \n",
       "6943                                                                 Signals derived from the human cardiovascular system are well known to exhibit highly complex, nearly periodic, oscillatory behaviour whose nature is something of an enigma. It has, for example, been variously described as chaotic, fractal, stochastic, and subject to 1/f fluctuations — and its true nature is still the subject of vigorous debate. We review and describe some recent experiments that illuminate the problem and discuss a combination of noise and almost periodic frequency modulation as a signature of the system dynamics   \n",
       "6981  This paper explores the central role of computerized code in shaping the social and\\ud\\ngeographical politics of inequality in advanced societies. The central argument is that, while such\\ud\\nprocesses are necessarily multifaceted, multiscaled, complex and ambivalent, a great variety of\\ud\\n‘software-sorting’ techniques is now being widely applied in efforts to try to separate privileged\\ud\\nand marginalized groups and places across a wide range of sectors and domains. This paper’s\\ud\\ncentral demonstration is that the overwhelming bulk of software-sorting applications is closely\\ud\\nassoc...   \n",
       "7020  Conducting fire evacuation drills in modern buildings under realistic fire conditions can be difficult. Typical fire drills do not feature dynamic events such as smoke filled corridors, fires in unexpected places or blocked fire exits that require on the spot decisions from evacuees. One alternative is the use of virtual environments. Virtual environments can support the training and observation of fire evacuee behaviours in 3D virtual buildings. However complex virtual environments can be difficult to build. This paper explores how the reuse of computer game technology can aid in the rapi...   \n",
       "7022  Conducting fire evacuation drills in modern buildings under realistic fire conditions can be difficult. Typical fire drills do not feature dynamic events such as smoke filled corridors, fires in unexpected places or blocked fire exits that require on the spot decisions from evacuees. One alternative is the use of virtual environments. Virtual environments can support the training and observation of fire evacuee behaviours in 3D virtual buildings. However complex virtual environments can be difficult to build. This paper explores how the reuse of computer game technology can aid in the rapi...   \n",
       "7046  Objective\\ud\\nCare for demented people is very resource demanding, the prevalence is increasing and there is so far no cure.\\ud\\nCost of illness (CoI) studies are important by identifying the distribution of costs between different payers of care. The European Union (EU) funded the European Collaboration on Dementia (Eurocode) as part of the EU's 2005 work plan of the Community public health programme. Eurocode was administered by Alzheimer Europe.\\ud\\nThe aim was to describe the economic impact of dementia in Europe in 2008.\\ud\\n\\ud\\nMethods\\ud\\nEurocode's new estimates for dementia preva...   \n",
       "7047  Malaria parasites of the genus Plasmodium make a hazardous journey through their mosquito vectors. The majority die in the process, many as a result of the action of mosquito defence mechanisms. The mosquito too is not unscathed by the encounter with these parasites. Tissue damage occurs as a result of mid-gut invasion and reproductive fitness is lost when many developing ovarian follicles are resorbed. Here we discuss some of the mechanisms that are involved in killing the parasite and in the self-defence mechanisms employed by the mosquito to repair the mid-gut epithelium and to manipula...   \n",
       "7146  Background: Quantitative prospective methods are widely used to evaluate the impact of new technologies such as electronic prescribing (eP) on medication errors. However, they are labour-intensive and it is not always feasible to obtain pre-intervention data. Our objective was to compare the eP medication error picture obtained with retrospective quantitative and qualitative methods. Methods: The study was carried out at one English district general hospital approximately two years after implementation of an integrated electronic prescribing, administration and records system. Quantitative...   \n",
       "7166  This paper examines the credibility of the deficit model of resistance to change in a case study on office automation. A functional analysis of resistance to change is conducted using narrative interviews and documentary analysis. Resistance to change is shown to occur and to affect the implementation process: resistance is identified as a useful source of information, directing the attention of the change agency to improve hardware, software, and the organization. User attitudes were found to change: global skepticism developed into critical acceptance of the office system. The decision-m...   \n",
       "7190  In environmental microbiology, the most commonly used methods of bacterial DNA transfer are conjugation and electroporation. However, conjugation requires physical contact and cell–pilus–cell interactions; electroporation requires low-ionic strength medium and high voltage. These limitations have hampered broad applications of bacterial DNA delivery. We have employed a standard low frequency 40 kHz ultrasound bath to successfully transfer plasmid pBBR1MCS2 into Pseudomonas putida UWC1, Escherichia coli DH5 and Pseudomonas fluorescens SBW25 with high efficiency. Under optimal conditions: ul...   \n",
       "\n",
       "                                                                                                journals  \\\n",
       "32                                                                                                  None   \n",
       "34                                                                                                  None   \n",
       "44                                                                                                  None   \n",
       "103                                                                                                 None   \n",
       "168                                                                                                 None   \n",
       "171                                                                                                 None   \n",
       "172                                                                                                 None   \n",
       "296                                                                                                 None   \n",
       "333                                                                                                 None   \n",
       "345                                                                                                 None   \n",
       "387                                                                                                 None   \n",
       "509                                                                                                 None   \n",
       "512                                                                                                 None   \n",
       "561                                                                                                 None   \n",
       "648                                                                                                 None   \n",
       "666                                                                                                 None   \n",
       "669                                                                                                 None   \n",
       "743                                                                                                 None   \n",
       "758                                    [{'title': None, 'identifiers': ['issn:0098-1354', '0098-1354']}]   \n",
       "905                                                                                                 None   \n",
       "924                                                                                                 None   \n",
       "979                                                                                                 None   \n",
       "980                                                                                                 None   \n",
       "987                                                                                                 None   \n",
       "1003                                                                                                None   \n",
       "1014                                                                                                None   \n",
       "1038                                   [{'title': None, 'identifiers': ['issn:0166-218X', '0166-218x']}]   \n",
       "1039                                   [{'title': None, 'identifiers': ['issn:0166-218X', '0166-218x']}]   \n",
       "1040                                   [{'title': None, 'identifiers': ['issn:0166-218X', '0166-218x']}]   \n",
       "1044                                   [{'title': None, 'identifiers': ['issn:0166-218X', '0166-218x']}]   \n",
       "...                                                                                                  ...   \n",
       "6445                                                                                                None   \n",
       "6448                                                                                                None   \n",
       "6449                                                                                                None   \n",
       "6451                                                                                                None   \n",
       "6456                                                                                                None   \n",
       "6468                                                                                                None   \n",
       "6479                                                                                                None   \n",
       "6480                                                                                                None   \n",
       "6494                                                                                                None   \n",
       "6508                                                                                                None   \n",
       "6595                                                                                                None   \n",
       "6602                                                                                                None   \n",
       "6648                                                                                                None   \n",
       "6678                                   [{'title': None, 'identifiers': ['0016-7061', 'issn:0016-7061']}]   \n",
       "6692  [{'title': None, 'identifiers': ['0309-1325', 'issn: 1477-0288', ' 1477-0288', 'issn:0309-1325']}]   \n",
       "6710                                                                                                None   \n",
       "6717                                                                                                None   \n",
       "6764                                   [{'title': None, 'identifiers': ['issn:0018-9286', '0018-9286']}]   \n",
       "6826                                   [{'title': None, 'identifiers': ['0969-6997', 'issn:0969-6997']}]   \n",
       "6835                                                                                                None   \n",
       "6845                                                                                                None   \n",
       "6943                                                                                                None   \n",
       "6981  [{'title': None, 'identifiers': ['0309-1325', 'issn: 1477-0288', ' 1477-0288', 'issn:0309-1325']}]   \n",
       "7020                                   [{'title': None, 'identifiers': ['issn:0379-7112', '0379-7112']}]   \n",
       "7022                                   [{'title': None, 'identifiers': ['issn:0379-7112', '0379-7112']}]   \n",
       "7046                                                                                                None   \n",
       "7047                                                                                                None   \n",
       "7146                                                                                                None   \n",
       "7166                                                                                                None   \n",
       "7190                                                                                                None   \n",
       "\n",
       "                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        text  \\\n",
       "32                                                                                                                                                        A perceived demerit of the single-payer model is that it can lead to excessive health care rationing, particularly in terms of waiting times, although it is argued here that long waits are probably caused by insufficient funding rather than by the single-payer model per se.   \n",
       "34                                                                                                                                                                    A further perceived disadvantage of the single-payer model is that it offers limited choice, which is necessarily true with respect to choice of insurer, but choice of provider can be, and increasingly is, a feature of centrally tax-financed health care systems.   \n",
       "44     We highlight the way media representations reflect narrow understandings of HIV and AIDS as a predominantly medical problem, while depicting HIV/AIDS management as a top-down activity dominated by prominent individuals, such as national leaders, health professionals and philanthropists, thus marginalising the role played by communities, who are often depicted as passive recipients of interventions by active outsiders.   \n",
       "103                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 However, fine-scale information about these strategies has hitherto been difficult to obtain for diving predators that often remain at the sea surface for only limited periods of time.   \n",
       "168                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    A requisite decision model is defined as a model whose form and content are sufficient to solve a particular problem.   \n",
       "171                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Sensitivity analyses facilitate the emergence of new intuitions about the problem; when no new intuitions arise, the model is considered requisite.   \n",
       "172                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  At all stages of development, the model represents the social reality of the shared understanding of the problem by the problem owners.   \n",
       "296                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      The inverse problem is treated as a state estimate.   \n",
       "333                                                                                                                                                           Additional magnetic analyses suggest that the particle size of the magnetic grains dominantly falls in the range classified for airborne particulate matter as PM2.5 (<2.5 Âµm), a particle size hazardous to health due to its capacity to be respired deeply into the lungs.   \n",
       "345                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      But why is this and does it matter?   \n",
       "387                                                                                      It is suggested that the major challenge is to characterise and control point-source TRP inputs which, being predominant during the late spring and summer low-flow period, coincide with the peak of primary biological production, thus presenting the major challenge to achieving ‘good’ ecological status under the Water Framework Directive.   \n",
       "509                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             An optimal investment problem is solved for an insider who has access to noisy\\ud\\ninformation related to a future stock price, but who does not know the stock price drift.   \n",
       "512                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    This converts the combined partial and inside\\ud\\ninformation model to a full information model, and the associated investment problem for\\ud\\nHARA utility is explicitly solved via duality methods.   \n",
       "561                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                It is pointed out that such a system of linear congruences is a relaxation of an Integer Programming model (for which the duality theorem does not hold).   \n",
       "648                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       However, integrating service-orientation in product line engineering poses a number of challenges.   \n",
       "666                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     Individuals who use peer-to-peer (P2P) file-sharing networks such as Gnutella face a social dilemma.   \n",
       "669                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             However, significant numbers of free riders degrade the entire system's utility, creating a \"tragedy of the digital commons.   \n",
       "743                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        In this limit the disturbance decays exponentially in time at a rate that is linked to a pole of the associated linear inviscid problem (known as a Landau pole).   \n",
       "758                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   The same approach is also used to solve the\\nonline optimization problem in the predictive controller.   \n",
       "905                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             We develop a widely applicable algorithm to solve the fault diagnosis problem in certain distributed-memory multiprocessor systems in which there are a limited number of faulty processors.   \n",
       "924                                                                                                                                                                                                Surface fires have recently become a widespread pantropical phenomenon that could trigger revolutionary changes in the structure and functioning of tropical forests and result in a catastrophic impoverishment of the vertebrate fauna.   \n",
       "979                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       This paper considers the traffic flow estimation problem for the purposes of on-line traffic prediction, mode detection and ramp-metering control.   \n",
       "980                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 The solution to the estimation problem is given within the Bayesian recursive framework.   \n",
       "987                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              It provides an approximate but scalable solution to the difficult state estimation and prediction problem with limited, noisy observations.   \n",
       "1003                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  The latter property is sufficient, but not necessary, for well-posedness of the initial-value problem.   \n",
       "1014                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Also, the constraint on the non-gaussianity of the curvature perturbation obtained from the recent Wilkinson microwave anisotropy probe data is fulfilled thanks to the `tachyonic effect'   \n",
       "1038                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  The Induced Minor Containment problem takes as input two graphs G and H, and asks whether G has H as an induced minor.   \n",
       "1039                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         We show that this problem is fixed parameter tractable in |VH| if G belongs to any nontrivial minor-closed graph class and H is a planar graph.   \n",
       "1040                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      For a fixed graph H, the H-Contractibility problem is to decide whether a graph can be contracted to H. The computational complexity classification of this problem is still open.   \n",
       "1044                                                                                                                                                                       Finally, we study the (H,v)-Contractibility problem, where v is a vertex of H. The input of this problem is a graph G and an integer k, and the question is whether G is H-contractible such that the “bag” of G corresponding to v contains at least k vertices.   \n",
       "...                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      ...   \n",
       "6445                                                                                                                                                                                                                The exception is in the extreme south of the basin where the volcanism associated with the Barra Volcanic Ridges combined with indications of relatively strong lithosphere could be evidence of incipient ocean opening   \n",
       "6448                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   The thought experiment indicates the problem of distinguishing between that which is done to complete the task and that which is done to complete the requirements of the experiment.   \n",
       "6449                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Further develops an understanding of this problem by presenting the work of Heidegger, Merleau-Ponty and others.   \n",
       "6451                                                                                                                                                               Based on this discussion, argues that it is impossible for the observer as well as the observed to know whether their style of coping in the experiment is a style of coping with the world or a style of coping with the requirements and constraints of the experiment.   \n",
       "6456                                  However, the feasibility and desirability of using standard entity concepts (for example standard definitions and classifications) for making connections between datasets is questioned; the resulting constraints on the application of different conceptualizations of problems or issues (the entity problem) is particularly limiting on the developmental mode of social information processing.   \n",
       "6468                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Its effectiveness is limited by the lack of operationalised measures of risk   \n",
       "6479                                                                                                                                                           After\\ud\\nproving the existence of an optimal stopping time for the problem and characterizing it as the hitting\\ud\\ntime of an optimal boundary,we provide closed-form formulae for the option value, as well as for the\\ud\\nLaplace transform of the optimal stopping time.   \n",
       "6480                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   These results are then applied to the analysis of a real\\ud\\noption problem when considering the impact of a fundamental and brutal change in the investment project\\ud\\nenvironment.   \n",
       "6494                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 The algorithm is applied to a simple synthetic signal-separation problem and used to resolve a degeneracy in the SSA of interannual and interdecadal variability of the Earth's global mean temperature   \n",
       "6508                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     \\nWe do, however, have serious concerns about NICE’s recommendations for the “quality adjustment” part of the QALY.   \n",
       "6595                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               However, the explanatory power of taking these extra dimensions into account is beyond the scope of the analysis thus far   \n",
       "6602                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    The class Max (r,2)-CSP consists of constraint satisfaction problems with at most two r-valued variables per clause.   \n",
       "6648                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Nonetheless, it is argued that the `tyranny of proximity' may provide a strong glue to keep postindustrial cities together   \n",
       "6678                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Previous workers have proposed the use of multivariate geostatistics for the problem of estimating temporal change in soil properties for soil monitoring, but this has yet to be evaluated.   \n",
       "6692  The problem we are told is acute, though the evidence presented is scant and, moreover, ironically seems to consist of unanalysed, qualitative reports from meetings with civil servants: ‘Failure to [remedy the shortage] is likely to result in Britain falling behind the rest of Europe, both in the provision of talented quantitative social researchers, and the ability to design public policy on a reliable evidence base.’   \n",
       "6710                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          However, the interviews revealed that manufacturing organizations are facing a wide range of problems and difficulties with their existing IS raising a number of constraints.   \n",
       "6717                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 However, technical problems - largely information problems - face both the providers of insurance and potential buyers.   \n",
       "6764                                                                                                                                                                                                                         This paper shows that the static output feedback sliding mode control design problem can be solved for a broader class of systems if a known delay term is deliberately introduced into the switching function.   \n",
       "6826                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 However, Asian carriers have been slow in following their US and European counterparts.   \n",
       "6835                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   Although photogrammetric archives exist for many regions, their usefulness is often limited by a lack of contemporary ground control.   \n",
       "6845                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    A major advantage of this approach is the near-global coverage offered by ASTER data and the opportunity that this presents for remote glacial change analysis over regional extents   \n",
       "6943                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            We review and describe some recent experiments that illuminate the problem and discuss a combination of noise and almost periodic frequency modulation as a signature of the system dynamics   \n",
       "6981                                                                                                  The central argument is that, while such\\ud\\nprocesses are necessarily multifaceted, multiscaled, complex and ambivalent, a great variety of\\ud\\n‘software-sorting’ techniques is now being widely applied in efforts to try to separate privileged\\ud\\nand marginalized groups and places across a wide range of sectors and domains.   \n",
       "7020                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     One alternative is the use of virtual environments.   \n",
       "7022                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         However complex virtual environments can be difficult to build.   \n",
       "7046                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   Notwithstanding the methodological challenges, the societal costs of dementia in Europe are very high which in turn have substantial resource impacts on the social and health care systems in Europe   \n",
       "7047                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Malaria parasites of the genus Plasmodium make a hazardous journey through their mosquito vectors.   \n",
       "7146                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       However, they are labour-intensive and it is not always feasible to obtain pre-intervention data.   \n",
       "7166                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         The case highlights some limitations of Lewinian field theory in studying resistance to change.   \n",
       "7190                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   However, conjugation requires physical contact and cell–pilus–cell interactions; electroporation requires low-ionic strength medium and high voltage.   \n",
       "\n",
       "     pred  conf0  conf1  predict  \n",
       "32    NaN   0.31   0.69      1.0  \n",
       "34    NaN   0.01   0.99      1.0  \n",
       "44    NaN   0.06   0.94      1.0  \n",
       "103   NaN   0.22   0.78      1.0  \n",
       "168   NaN   0.07   0.93      1.0  \n",
       "171   NaN   0.10   0.90      1.0  \n",
       "172   NaN   0.11   0.89      1.0  \n",
       "296   NaN   0.00   1.00      1.0  \n",
       "333   NaN   0.40   0.60      1.0  \n",
       "345   NaN   0.07   0.93      1.0  \n",
       "387   NaN   0.02   0.98      1.0  \n",
       "509   NaN   0.01   0.99      1.0  \n",
       "512   NaN   0.29   0.71      1.0  \n",
       "561   NaN   0.42   0.58      1.0  \n",
       "648   NaN   0.16   0.84      1.0  \n",
       "666   NaN   0.05   0.95      1.0  \n",
       "669   NaN   0.27   0.73      1.0  \n",
       "743   NaN   0.01   0.99      1.0  \n",
       "758   NaN   0.13   0.87      1.0  \n",
       "905   NaN   0.00   1.00      1.0  \n",
       "924   NaN   0.05   0.95      1.0  \n",
       "979   NaN   0.10   0.90      1.0  \n",
       "980   NaN   0.00   1.00      1.0  \n",
       "987   NaN   0.01   0.99      1.0  \n",
       "1003  NaN   0.01   0.99      1.0  \n",
       "1014  NaN   0.45   0.55      1.0  \n",
       "1038  NaN   0.01   0.99      1.0  \n",
       "1039  NaN   0.00   1.00      1.0  \n",
       "1040  NaN   0.00   1.00      1.0  \n",
       "1044  NaN   0.00   1.00      1.0  \n",
       "...   ...    ...    ...      ...  \n",
       "6445  NaN   0.02   0.98      1.0  \n",
       "6448  NaN   0.00   1.00      1.0  \n",
       "6449  NaN   0.15   0.85      1.0  \n",
       "6451  NaN   0.47   0.53      1.0  \n",
       "6456  NaN   0.05   0.95      1.0  \n",
       "6468  NaN   0.48   0.52      1.0  \n",
       "6479  NaN   0.25   0.75      1.0  \n",
       "6480  NaN   0.02   0.98      1.0  \n",
       "6494  NaN   0.00   1.00      1.0  \n",
       "6508  NaN   0.40   0.60      1.0  \n",
       "6595  NaN   0.40   0.60      1.0  \n",
       "6602  NaN   0.05   0.95      1.0  \n",
       "6648  NaN   0.03   0.97      1.0  \n",
       "6678  NaN   0.03   0.97      1.0  \n",
       "6692  NaN   0.00   1.00      1.0  \n",
       "6710  NaN   0.25   0.75      1.0  \n",
       "6717  NaN   0.15   0.85      1.0  \n",
       "6764  NaN   0.16   0.84      1.0  \n",
       "6826  NaN   0.40   0.60      1.0  \n",
       "6835  NaN   0.22   0.78      1.0  \n",
       "6845  NaN   0.16   0.84      1.0  \n",
       "6943  NaN   0.04   0.96      1.0  \n",
       "6981  NaN   0.05   0.95      1.0  \n",
       "7020  NaN   0.19   0.81      1.0  \n",
       "7022  NaN   0.40   0.60      1.0  \n",
       "7046  NaN   0.43   0.57      1.0  \n",
       "7047  NaN   0.29   0.71      1.0  \n",
       "7146  NaN   0.48   0.52      1.0  \n",
       "7166  NaN   0.34   0.66      1.0  \n",
       "7190  NaN   0.44   0.56      1.0  \n",
       "\n",
       "[224 rows x 9 columns]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": null,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "\n",
    "dfx[dfx[\"predict\"] == 1]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "b0c0112d",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "dfx.to_csv(\"downloads/stem_core_predicts.csv\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "59a48336",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Check Matching Sentence Quality"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "92046aa4",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "df[\"lemma_text\"] = df[\"abstract\"].map(lemmatize)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "b69bef72",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "df.to_csv(\"downloads/core_3k_lemma_abst_only.csv\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "adec89c3",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "from octoflow.core import lemmatize, find_sentence_in_abstract, split_into_sentences, sentence_has_phrase\n",
    "import pandas as pd\n",
    "\n",
    "df = pd.read_csv(\"downloads/core_3k_lemma_abst_only.csv\")\n",
    "with open(\"ngrams_pos_only_lemmatized.txt\") as f:\n",
    "    ngrams = f.read().split(\"\\n\")\n",
    "    \n",
    "# trigrams = [gram for gram in ngrams if len(gram.split(\" \"))> 2]\n",
    "# bigrams = [gram for gram in ngrams if len(gram.split(\" \")) == 2]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "ed53c253",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "hits = df[df[\"lemma_text\"].str.contains(\"|\".join(ngrams))]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "7ea4471b",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "11      this article discuss some of the merit and dem...\n",
       "38      aim : a systematic literature review of the ex...\n",
       "44      as multimedia computing become the order of th...\n",
       "57      the number of broadband user have beengrowe ra...\n",
       "61      electrolytic hydrogen production be an efficie...\n",
       "85      this paper be publish as Patient - center e - ...\n",
       "89      accurate assessment of animal emotion ( affect...\n",
       "94      in this paper we review and analyse scenario p...\n",
       "99      the debate over the nature of egalitarianism h...\n",
       "105     significant investment be be make in the appli...\n",
       "113     about the book : this collection of paper aim ...\n",
       "118     in Spain , a grow body of literature have draw...\n",
       "139     this paper investigate how specific notion of ...\n",
       "151     a simple sensor method be develop for aflatoxi...\n",
       "161     < p > image segmentation be an indispensable p...\n",
       "169     concern over the impact of debt on participati...\n",
       "173     my research project revolve around the problem...\n",
       "185     this paper be publish as Cancer Research , 200...\n",
       "194     < p > atmospheric water vapor be a crucial ele...\n",
       "206     let t be a positive integer , and let L=(l1, …...\n",
       "213     this extended editorial take stock of the firs...\n",
       "218     an effective - mass theory of subsurface scan ...\n",
       "225     we explore the connection between locally cons...\n",
       "226     risk management and corporate governance issue...\n",
       "269     Ultracold collision between spin - polarize Na...\n",
       "282     the advection of a tracer field in a fluid flo...\n",
       "287     a plane - wave complex photonic bandstructure ...\n",
       "302     < p > a technology be describe for fabricate S...\n",
       "344     during the past year the temporary hold centre...\n",
       "353     noto gain a well understanding of how ethanol ...\n",
       "                              ...                        \n",
       "2652    despite claim that accountability enable ' goo...\n",
       "2653    this study set out to examine two explanation ...\n",
       "2654    present a critical review of the role of labor...\n",
       "2655    an influential historiographical tradition hav...\n",
       "2656    recent development in household census and sur...\n",
       "2670    coupling of optical data - process device with...\n",
       "2681    clinical governance have be describe as \" by f...\n",
       "2683    principal manifold serve as useful tool for ma...\n",
       "2685    the extension of the photon correlation spectr...\n",
       "2693    appraise the scope for cost- effective governm...\n",
       "2714    the class Max ( r,2)-CSP consist of constraint...\n",
       "2722    the dominant perspective on the representation...\n",
       "2750    previous worker have propose the use of multiv...\n",
       "2756    this paper report the method and result of a s...\n",
       "2780    on Sunday , October 10th , 2004 , the New York...\n",
       "2786    background :   leadership and innovation be cu...\n",
       "2789    full text of this article be not available on ...\n",
       "2809    < p > the author examine and describe an imple...\n",
       "2820    glaciated region be know to be particularly se...\n",
       "2823    since the inception of the NHS , user charge h...\n",
       "2838    this paper be publish as European Journal of O...\n",
       "2845    the proliferation of online information resour...\n",
       "2857    this paper describe the development of a web -...\n",
       "2859    < p><b > purpose.</b > the purpose of this pap...\n",
       "2883    this paper be publish as Annales Geophysicae ,...\n",
       "2887    this thesis be concern with the use of intelli...\n",
       "2914    aim : the result of the West of Scotland Coron...\n",
       "2927    NoThis paper examine key challenge and strateg...\n",
       "2930    do the Chairman of the European Convention , V...\n",
       "2942    background : quantitative prospective method b...\n",
       "Name: lemma_text, Length: 309, dtype: object"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": null,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "hits[\"lemma_text\"]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "b19bac3d",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "hits.to_csv(\"downloads/hits.csv\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "e0a725d6",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "from pydash import find_index\n",
    "\n",
    "def find_sentence_in_abstract(paragraph, bias=0):\n",
    "    \"\"\"checks paragraph for key sentences. Returns first matching hit\"\"\"\n",
    "    p_sents = split_into_sentences(paragraph)\n",
    "    idx = find_index(p_sents, sentence_has_phrase)\n",
    "    if idx < 0:\n",
    "        return \"\"\n",
    "    \n",
    "    i = idx + bias #bias- for sentence before or after\n",
    "    if i < 0:\n",
    "        return \"\"\n",
    "    return get(p_sents, i)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "ca8f98d6",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "def get_first_with_pattern(paragraph, patterns):\n",
    "    \n",
    "    for s in split_into_sentences(paragraph):\n",
    "        for pattern in patterns:\n",
    "            if pattern in s:\n",
    "                return (s, pattern)\n",
    "#         if any(substring in s for substring in patterns):\n",
    "#             return s\n",
    "    return None, None\n",
    "#df[df[\"lemma_text\"].str.contains(\"|\".join(ngrams))]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "e8683caa",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "rows = []\n",
    "for abst in df[\"lemma_text\"]:\n",
    "    s, pattern = get_first_with_pattern(abst, ngrams)\n",
    "    if s is not None:\n",
    "        rows += [[abst, s, pattern]]\n",
    "        \n",
    "        "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "6f383fa5",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "pd.DataFrame(data=rows, columns=[\"abstract\", \"sent\", \"pattern\"]).to_csv(\"downloads/244_pattern_check.csv\")\n",
    "#??pd.DataFrame"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "fc7f989e",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "ename": "TypeError",
     "evalue": "'NoneType' object is not iterable",
     "output_type": "error",
     "traceback": [
      "\u001b[0;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[0;31mTypeError\u001b[0m                                 Traceback (most recent call last)",
      "\u001b[0;32m<ipython-input-114-2e53496ef1c7>\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m<module>\u001b[0;34m()\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m----> 1\u001b[0;31m \u001b[0mmask1\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m=\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m[\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m[\u001b[0m\u001b[0mabst\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0ma\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m]\u001b[0m \u001b[0;32mfor\u001b[0m \u001b[0mabst\u001b[0m \u001b[0;32min\u001b[0m \u001b[0mdf\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m[\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\"lemma_text\"\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m]\u001b[0m \u001b[0;32mfor\u001b[0m \u001b[0ma\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m\u001b[0mb\u001b[0m \u001b[0;32min\u001b[0m \u001b[0mget_first_with_pattern\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mabst\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mngrams\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m \u001b[0;32mif\u001b[0m \u001b[0ma\u001b[0m \u001b[0;32mis\u001b[0m \u001b[0;32mnot\u001b[0m \u001b[0;32mNone\u001b[0m \u001b[0;32mand\u001b[0m \u001b[0mb\u001b[0m \u001b[0;32mis\u001b[0m \u001b[0;32mnot\u001b[0m \u001b[0;32mNone\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m]\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[0;32m<ipython-input-114-2e53496ef1c7>\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m<listcomp>\u001b[0;34m(.0)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m----> 1\u001b[0;31m \u001b[0mmask1\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m=\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m[\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m[\u001b[0m\u001b[0mabst\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0ma\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m]\u001b[0m \u001b[0;32mfor\u001b[0m \u001b[0mabst\u001b[0m \u001b[0;32min\u001b[0m \u001b[0mdf\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m[\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\"lemma_text\"\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m]\u001b[0m \u001b[0;32mfor\u001b[0m \u001b[0ma\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m\u001b[0mb\u001b[0m \u001b[0;32min\u001b[0m \u001b[0mget_first_with_pattern\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mabst\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mngrams\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m \u001b[0;32mif\u001b[0m \u001b[0ma\u001b[0m \u001b[0;32mis\u001b[0m \u001b[0;32mnot\u001b[0m \u001b[0;32mNone\u001b[0m \u001b[0;32mand\u001b[0m \u001b[0mb\u001b[0m \u001b[0;32mis\u001b[0m \u001b[0;32mnot\u001b[0m \u001b[0;32mNone\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m]\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[0;31mTypeError\u001b[0m: 'NoneType' object is not iterable"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "mask1 = [[abst, a] for abst in df[\"lemma_text\"] for a,b in get_first_with_pattern(abst, ngrams) if a is not None and b is not None]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "b15d3c87",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "from re import search\n",
    "mask2 = [search(\"|\".join(ngrams), abst)  is not None for abst in df[\"lemma_text\"] ]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "5641479d",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "Int64Index([  11,   38,   44,   57,   61,   85,   89,   94,   99,  105,\n",
       "            ...\n",
       "            2838, 2845, 2857, 2859, 2883, 2887, 2914, 2927, 2930, 2942],\n",
       "           dtype='int64', length=309)"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": null,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "#~df[mask1][\"title\"].isin(df[mask2][\"title\"]\n",
    "len([d for d in ~df[mask2][\"title\"].isin(df[mask1][\"title\"]) if d])\n",
    "diff_mask = ~df[mask2][\"title\"].isin(df[mask1][\"title\"])\n",
    "#diff_mask.index"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "133d04c1",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "df2 = df[mask2]\n",
    "df1 = df[mask1]\n",
    "text1 = df1[\"lemma_text\"]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "68e3c09d",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "non_caught= df2.query(\"lemma_text not in @text1\")\n",
    "\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "addeecb7",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "firsts = df1[\"lemma_text\"].map(lambda t: get_first_with_pattern(t, ngrams))\n",
    "#diff_mask.index\n",
    "firsts\n",
    "\n",
    "with open(\"downloads/non_caught.txt\", \"w\") as f:\n",
    "    f.write(\"\\n\\n\".join(firsts))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "3a7d0a37",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "ename": "TypeError",
     "evalue": "bad operand type for unary ~: 'Int64Index'",
     "output_type": "error",
     "traceback": [
      "\u001b[0;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[0;31mTypeError\u001b[0m                                 Traceback (most recent call last)",
      "\u001b[0;32m<ipython-input-52-6cd7e3274ad7>\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m<module>\u001b[0;34m()\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m----> 1\u001b[0;31m \u001b[0;34m~\u001b[0m\u001b[0mdf\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m[\u001b[0m\u001b[0mmask2\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m]\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m[\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\"title\"\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m]\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0misin\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mdf\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m[\u001b[0m\u001b[0mmask1\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m]\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m[\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\"title\"\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m]\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mindex\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[0;31mTypeError\u001b[0m: bad operand type for unary ~: 'Int64Index'"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": []
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "6ee9f443",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<style scoped>\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
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       "\n",
       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
       "        text-align: right;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>Unnamed: 0</th>\n",
       "      <th>title</th>\n",
       "      <th>doi</th>\n",
       "      <th>abstract</th>\n",
       "      <th>journals</th>\n",
       "      <th>lemma_text</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>11</th>\n",
       "      <td>11</td>\n",
       "      <td>The single-payer option: a reconsideration</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.1215/03616878-2009-013</td>\n",
       "      <td>This article discusses some of the merits and ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>this article discuss some of the merit and dem...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>38</th>\n",
       "      <td>38</td>\n",
       "      <td>A systematic review of the experiences and per...</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.1016/j.nedt.2009.10.017</td>\n",
       "      <td>Aim: A systematic literature review of the exp...</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>aim : a systematic literature review of the ex...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>44</th>\n",
       "      <td>44</td>\n",
       "      <td>Talking with pictures: Exploring the possibili...</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.1080/0968776930010104</td>\n",
       "      <td>As multimedia computing becomes the order of t...</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>as multimedia computing become the order of th...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>57</th>\n",
       "      <td>57</td>\n",
       "      <td>Cost Model for Evaluation of SDMB Service over...</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.1109/ISWCS.2005.1547789</td>\n",
       "      <td>The number of broadband users has beengrowing ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>the number of broadband user have beengrowe ra...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>61</th>\n",
       "      <td>61</td>\n",
       "      <td>Renewable hydrogen utilisation for the product...</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.1016/j.enconman.2006.06.011</td>\n",
       "      <td>Electrolytic hydrogen production is an efficie...</td>\n",
       "      <td>[{'title': None, 'identifiers': ['issn:0196-89...</td>\n",
       "      <td>electrolytic hydrogen production be an efficie...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>85</th>\n",
       "      <td>85</td>\n",
       "      <td>Involving Patients and the Public in E-Health ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.4018/978-1-60566-016-5.ch009</td>\n",
       "      <td>This paper was published as Patient-Centered E...</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>this paper be publish as Patient - center e - ...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>89</th>\n",
       "      <td>89</td>\n",
       "      <td>Cognitive bias as an indicator of animal emoti...</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.1016/j.applanim.2009.02.023</td>\n",
       "      <td>Accurate assessment of animal emotion (affect)...</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>accurate assessment of animal emotion ( affect...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>94</th>\n",
       "      <td>94</td>\n",
       "      <td>Decision making and planning under low levels ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.1016/j.ijforecast.2009.05.019</td>\n",
       "      <td>In this paper we review and analyse scenario p...</td>\n",
       "      <td>[{'title': None, 'identifiers': ['0169-2070', ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>in this paper we review and analyse scenario p...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>99</th>\n",
       "      <td>99</td>\n",
       "      <td>Why equality? On justifying liberal egalitaria...</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.1080/13698230903326257</td>\n",
       "      <td>The debate over the nature of egalitarianism h...</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>the debate over the nature of egalitarianism h...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>105</th>\n",
       "      <td>105</td>\n",
       "      <td>A model for evaluating the institutional costs...</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.1080/0968776030110205</td>\n",
       "      <td>Significant investments are being made in the ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>significant investment be be make in the appli...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>113</th>\n",
       "      <td>113</td>\n",
       "      <td>Electronic literacy with and attitudes towards...</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>About the book: This collection of papers aims...</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>about the book : this collection of paper aim ...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>118</th>\n",
       "      <td>118</td>\n",
       "      <td>Inequalities in the use of health services bet...</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.1007/s10198-010-0220-z</td>\n",
       "      <td>In Spain, a growing body of literature has dra...</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>in Spain , a grow body of literature have draw...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>139</th>\n",
       "      <td>139</td>\n",
       "      <td>(Re)Presentations of Gender and Ethnicity in D...</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.1007/s10551-006-9028-2</td>\n",
       "      <td>This paper investigates how specific notions o...</td>\n",
       "      <td>[{'title': None, 'identifiers': ['0167-4544', ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>this paper investigate how specific notion of ...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>151</th>\n",
       "      <td>151</td>\n",
       "      <td>Development of an electrochemical immunosensor...</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.1016/j.bios.2008.12.021</td>\n",
       "      <td>A simple sensor method was developed for aflat...</td>\n",
       "      <td>[{'title': None, 'identifiers': ['issn:0956-56...</td>\n",
       "      <td>a simple sensor method be develop for aflatoxi...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>161</th>\n",
       "      <td>161</td>\n",
       "      <td>MRI fuzzy segmentation of brain tissue using n...</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.1109/TITB.2005.847500</td>\n",
       "      <td>&lt;p&gt;Image segmentation is an indispensable proc...</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>&lt; p &gt; image segmentation be an indispensable p...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>169</th>\n",
       "      <td>169</td>\n",
       "      <td>Does the fear of debt deter students from high...</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.1017/S004727940500913X</td>\n",
       "      <td>Concerns over the impact of debt on participat...</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>concern over the impact of debt on participati...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>173</th>\n",
       "      <td>173</td>\n",
       "      <td>What is 'woman?' : the problematization of gen...</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>My research project revolves around the proble...</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>my research project revolve around the problem...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>185</th>\n",
       "      <td>185</td>\n",
       "      <td>Dose-Response Relationships for N7-(2-Hydroxye...</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-08-4233</td>\n",
       "      <td>This paper was published as Cancer Research, 2...</td>\n",
       "      <td>[{'title': None, 'identifiers': ['0008-5472', ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>this paper be publish as Cancer Research , 200...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>194</th>\n",
       "      <td>194</td>\n",
       "      <td>Production of regional 1 km x 1 km water vapor...</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>&lt;p&gt;Atmospheric water vapor is a crucial elemen...</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>&lt; p &gt; atmospheric water vapor be a crucial ele...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>206</th>\n",
       "      <td>206</td>\n",
       "      <td>Amalgamations of factorizations of complete eq...</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.1016/j.disc.2003.11.030</td>\n",
       "      <td>Let t be a positive integer, and let L=(l1,…,l...</td>\n",
       "      <td>[{'title': None, 'identifiers': ['issn:0012-36...</td>\n",
       "      <td>let t be a positive integer , and let L=(l1, …...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>213</th>\n",
       "      <td>213</td>\n",
       "      <td>Ethics and social welfare : the state of play.</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.1080/17496530801948861</td>\n",
       "      <td>This extended editorial takes stock of the fir...</td>\n",
       "      <td>[{'title': None, 'identifiers': ['issn:1749-65...</td>\n",
       "      <td>this extended editorial take stock of the firs...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>218</th>\n",
       "      <td>218</td>\n",
       "      <td>Generalized effective-mass theory of subsurfac...</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.1103/PhysRevB.82.195304</td>\n",
       "      <td>An effective-mass theory of subsurface scannin...</td>\n",
       "      <td>[{'title': None, 'identifiers': ['issn:1098-01...</td>\n",
       "      <td>an effective - mass theory of subsurface scan ...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>225</th>\n",
       "      <td>225</td>\n",
       "      <td>Locally constrained graph homomorphisms and eq...</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.1016/j.ejc.2007.11.006</td>\n",
       "      <td>We explore the connection between locally cons...</td>\n",
       "      <td>[{'title': None, 'identifiers': ['issn:0195-66...</td>\n",
       "      <td>we explore the connection between locally cons...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>226</th>\n",
       "      <td>226</td>\n",
       "      <td>Risk management, corporate governance and mana...</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.1016/j.mar.2008.11.002</td>\n",
       "      <td>Risk management and corporate governance issue...</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>risk management and corporate governance issue...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>269</th>\n",
       "      <td>269</td>\n",
       "      <td>Quantum dynamics of ultracold Na+Na-2 collisions.</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.1103/PhysRevLett.89.153201</td>\n",
       "      <td>Ultracold collisions between spin-polarized Na...</td>\n",
       "      <td>[{'title': None, 'identifiers': ['0031-9007', ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Ultracold collision between spin - polarize Na...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>282</th>\n",
       "      <td>282</td>\n",
       "      <td>Effective diffusion of scalar fields in a chao...</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.1063/1.2998461</td>\n",
       "      <td>The advection of a tracer field in a fluid flo...</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>the advection of a tracer field in a fluid flo...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>287</th>\n",
       "      <td>287</td>\n",
       "      <td>THz frequency studies of metallic structures.</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.1117/12.680313</td>\n",
       "      <td>A plane-wave complex photonic bandstructure ap...</td>\n",
       "      <td>[{'title': None, 'identifiers': ['issn: 1996-7...</td>\n",
       "      <td>a plane - wave complex photonic bandstructure ...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>302</th>\n",
       "      <td>302</td>\n",
       "      <td>SiGeHBTs on Bonded SOI Incorporating Buried Si...</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.1109/TED.2005.843872</td>\n",
       "      <td>&lt;p&gt;A technology is described for fabricating S...</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>&lt; p &gt; a technology be describe for fabricate S...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>344</th>\n",
       "      <td>344</td>\n",
       "      <td>DEPORTED: The Right to Asylum at EU’s External...</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.1111/j.1468-2435.2009.00554.x</td>\n",
       "      <td>During the past year the temporary holding cen...</td>\n",
       "      <td>[{'title': None, 'identifiers': ['issn:0020-79...</td>\n",
       "      <td>during the past year the temporary hold centre...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>353</th>\n",
       "      <td>353</td>\n",
       "      <td>Interaction of Ethanol with Biological Membran...</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.1021/jp808041z</td>\n",
       "      <td>NoTo gain a better understanding of how ethano...</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>noto gain a well understanding of how ethanol ...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>...</th>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2652</th>\n",
       "      <td>2652</td>\n",
       "      <td>Accountability in the East Asian economic mira...</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.1080/1024529042000271434</td>\n",
       "      <td>Despite claims that accountability enables 'go...</td>\n",
       "      <td>[{'title': None, 'identifiers': ['issn: 1477-2...</td>\n",
       "      <td>despite claim that accountability enable ' goo...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2653</th>\n",
       "      <td>2653</td>\n",
       "      <td>Exploring organizationally directed citizenshi...</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.1111/j.1467-6486.2004.00422.x</td>\n",
       "      <td>This study sets out to examine two explanation...</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>this study set out to examine two explanation ...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2654</th>\n",
       "      <td>2654</td>\n",
       "      <td>About experiments and style: a critique of lab...</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.1108/09593840010377608</td>\n",
       "      <td>Presents a critical review of the role of labo...</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>present a critical review of the role of labor...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2655</th>\n",
       "      <td>2655</td>\n",
       "      <td>Travel writing and humanistic culture: a blunt...</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.1163/157006506777525476</td>\n",
       "      <td>An influential historiographical tradition has...</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>an influential historiographical tradition hav...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2656</th>\n",
       "      <td>2656</td>\n",
       "      <td>Integrated social data systems: the role of ho...</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.1016/0143-6236(80)90004-6</td>\n",
       "      <td>Recent developments in household census and su...</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>recent development in household census and sur...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2670</th>\n",
       "      <td>2670</td>\n",
       "      <td>Integrated optical devices using bacteriorhodo...</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.1117/12.686173</td>\n",
       "      <td>Coupling of optical data-processing devices wi...</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>coupling of optical data - process device with...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2681</th>\n",
       "      <td>2681</td>\n",
       "      <td>Making clinical governance work.</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.1136/bmj.329.7467.679</td>\n",
       "      <td>Clinical governance has been described as \"by ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>[{'title': None, 'identifiers': ['0959-8138', ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>clinical governance have be describe as \" by f...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2683</th>\n",
       "      <td>2683</td>\n",
       "      <td>Elastic Principal Graphs and Manifolds and the...</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.1007/s00607-005-0122-6</td>\n",
       "      <td>Principal manifolds serve as useful tool for m...</td>\n",
       "      <td>[{'title': None, 'identifiers': ['issn:0010-48...</td>\n",
       "      <td>principal manifold serve as useful tool for ma...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2685</th>\n",
       "      <td>2685</td>\n",
       "      <td>Experimental study of the potential use of dif...</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.1016/S0302-4598(00)00109-4</td>\n",
       "      <td>The extension of the photon correlation spectr...</td>\n",
       "      <td>[{'title': None, 'identifiers': ['issn:1567-53...</td>\n",
       "      <td>the extension of the photon correlation spectr...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2693</th>\n",
       "      <td>2693</td>\n",
       "      <td>Financing training: issues and options</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.1108/03090599910302604</td>\n",
       "      <td>Appraises the scope for cost- effective govern...</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>appraise the scope for cost- effective governm...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2714</th>\n",
       "      <td>2714</td>\n",
       "      <td>An LP-designed algorithm for constraint satisf...</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.1007/11841036</td>\n",
       "      <td>The class Max (r,2)-CSP consists of constraint...</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>the class Max ( r,2)-CSP consist of constraint...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2722</th>\n",
       "      <td>2722</td>\n",
       "      <td>Representation of Africa online: sourcing prac...</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.1177/0021934710378747</td>\n",
       "      <td>The dominant perspective on the representation...</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>the dominant perspective on the representation...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2750</th>\n",
       "      <td>2750</td>\n",
       "      <td>Spatio-temporal variability of some metal conc...</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.1016/j.geoderma.2005.08.009</td>\n",
       "      <td>Previous workers have proposed the use of mult...</td>\n",
       "      <td>[{'title': None, 'identifiers': ['0016-7061', ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>previous worker have propose the use of multiv...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2756</th>\n",
       "      <td>2756</td>\n",
       "      <td>A Systematic review of Psychological Intervent...</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.1080/14789940600819366</td>\n",
       "      <td>This paper reports the method and results of a...</td>\n",
       "      <td>[{'title': None, 'identifiers': ['issn:1478-99...</td>\n",
       "      <td>this paper report the method and result of a s...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2780</th>\n",
       "      <td>2780</td>\n",
       "      <td>Measuring ideas more effectively: an analysis ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.1017/S1049096505050195</td>\n",
       "      <td>On Sunday, October 10th, 2004, the New York Ti...</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>on Sunday , October 10th , 2004 , the New York...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2786</th>\n",
       "      <td>2786</td>\n",
       "      <td>Room for improvement? Leadership, innovation c...</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.1111/j.1365-2753.2010.01447.x</td>\n",
       "      <td>Background: Leadership and innovation are curr...</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>background :   leadership and innovation be cu...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2789</th>\n",
       "      <td>2789</td>\n",
       "      <td>Curcumin: Preventive and Therapeutic Propertie...</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.1089/ars.2007.1769</td>\n",
       "      <td>Full text of this article is not available on ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>[{'title': None, 'identifiers': ['issn:1523-08...</td>\n",
       "      <td>full text of this article be not available on ...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2809</th>\n",
       "      <td>2809</td>\n",
       "      <td>Achieving high data compression of self-simila...</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.1109/IGARSS.2000.861646</td>\n",
       "      <td>&lt;p&gt;The authors examine and describe an impleme...</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>&lt; p &gt; the author examine and describe an imple...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2820</th>\n",
       "      <td>2820</td>\n",
       "      <td>Assessment of glacier volume change using ASTE...</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.1109/TGRS.2009.2012702</td>\n",
       "      <td>Glaciated regions are known to be particularly...</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>glaciated region be know to be particularly se...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2823</th>\n",
       "      <td>2823</td>\n",
       "      <td>Patient charges and the utilisation of NHS pre...</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.1002/hec.4730040306</td>\n",
       "      <td>Since the inception of the NHS, user charges h...</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>since the inception of the NHS , user charge h...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2838</th>\n",
       "      <td>2838</td>\n",
       "      <td>The use of interval arithmetic in solving a no...</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.1016/j.ejor.2009.07.027</td>\n",
       "      <td>This paper was published as European Journal o...</td>\n",
       "      <td>[{'title': None, 'identifiers': ['0377-2217', ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>this paper be publish as European Journal of O...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2845</th>\n",
       "      <td>2845</td>\n",
       "      <td>Query expansion with naive bayes for searching...</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>The proliferation of online information resour...</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>the proliferation of online information resour...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2857</th>\n",
       "      <td>2857</td>\n",
       "      <td>A toolkit for supporting evaluation</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.1080/09687760108656774</td>\n",
       "      <td>This paper describes the development of a Web-...</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>this paper describe the development of a web -...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2859</th>\n",
       "      <td>2859</td>\n",
       "      <td>Customer empowerment in tourism through Consum...</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.1108/13522750710754308</td>\n",
       "      <td>&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose.&lt;/b&gt; The purpose of this paper i...</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>&lt; p&gt;&lt;b &gt; purpose.&lt;/b &gt; the purpose of this pap...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2883</th>\n",
       "      <td>2883</td>\n",
       "      <td>Observed tail current systems associated with ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.5194/angeo-26-167-2008</td>\n",
       "      <td>This paper was published as Annales Geophysica...</td>\n",
       "      <td>[{'title': None, 'identifiers': ['0992-7689', ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>this paper be publish as Annales Geophysicae ,...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2887</th>\n",
       "      <td>2887</td>\n",
       "      <td>Error management in ATLAS TDAQ : an intelligen...</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>This thesis is concerned with the use of intel...</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>this thesis be concern with the use of intelli...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2914</th>\n",
       "      <td>2914</td>\n",
       "      <td>International economic analysis of primary pre...</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.1053/euhj.1999.1193</td>\n",
       "      <td>Aims: The results of the West of Scotland Coro...</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>aim : the result of the West of Scotland Coron...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2927</th>\n",
       "      <td>2927</td>\n",
       "      <td>Including older people with dementia in resear...</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.1080/1360786031000150685</td>\n",
       "      <td>NoThis paper examines key challenges and strat...</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NoThis paper examine key challenge and strateg...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2930</th>\n",
       "      <td>2930</td>\n",
       "      <td>Leadership in the European Convention</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.1080/13501760701656437</td>\n",
       "      <td>Did the Chairman of the European Convention, V...</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>do the Chairman of the European Convention , V...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2942</th>\n",
       "      <td>2942</td>\n",
       "      <td>Medication errors with electronic prescribing ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.1186/1472-6963-10-135</td>\n",
       "      <td>Background: Quantitative prospective methods a...</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>background : quantitative prospective method b...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "<p>309 rows × 6 columns</p>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "      Unnamed: 0                                              title  \\\n",
       "11            11         The single-payer option: a reconsideration   \n",
       "38            38  A systematic review of the experiences and per...   \n",
       "44            44  Talking with pictures: Exploring the possibili...   \n",
       "57            57  Cost Model for Evaluation of SDMB Service over...   \n",
       "61            61  Renewable hydrogen utilisation for the product...   \n",
       "85            85  Involving Patients and the Public in E-Health ...   \n",
       "89            89  Cognitive bias as an indicator of animal emoti...   \n",
       "94            94  Decision making and planning under low levels ...   \n",
       "99            99  Why equality? On justifying liberal egalitaria...   \n",
       "105          105  A model for evaluating the institutional costs...   \n",
       "113          113  Electronic literacy with and attitudes towards...   \n",
       "118          118  Inequalities in the use of health services bet...   \n",
       "139          139  (Re)Presentations of Gender and Ethnicity in D...   \n",
       "151          151  Development of an electrochemical immunosensor...   \n",
       "161          161  MRI fuzzy segmentation of brain tissue using n...   \n",
       "169          169  Does the fear of debt deter students from high...   \n",
       "173          173  What is 'woman?' : the problematization of gen...   \n",
       "185          185  Dose-Response Relationships for N7-(2-Hydroxye...   \n",
       "194          194  Production of regional 1 km x 1 km water vapor...   \n",
       "206          206  Amalgamations of factorizations of complete eq...   \n",
       "213          213     Ethics and social welfare : the state of play.   \n",
       "218          218  Generalized effective-mass theory of subsurfac...   \n",
       "225          225  Locally constrained graph homomorphisms and eq...   \n",
       "226          226  Risk management, corporate governance and mana...   \n",
       "269          269  Quantum dynamics of ultracold Na+Na-2 collisions.   \n",
       "282          282  Effective diffusion of scalar fields in a chao...   \n",
       "287          287      THz frequency studies of metallic structures.   \n",
       "302          302  SiGeHBTs on Bonded SOI Incorporating Buried Si...   \n",
       "344          344  DEPORTED: The Right to Asylum at EU’s External...   \n",
       "353          353  Interaction of Ethanol with Biological Membran...   \n",
       "...          ...                                                ...   \n",
       "2652        2652  Accountability in the East Asian economic mira...   \n",
       "2653        2653  Exploring organizationally directed citizenshi...   \n",
       "2654        2654  About experiments and style: a critique of lab...   \n",
       "2655        2655  Travel writing and humanistic culture: a blunt...   \n",
       "2656        2656  Integrated social data systems: the role of ho...   \n",
       "2670        2670  Integrated optical devices using bacteriorhodo...   \n",
       "2681        2681                   Making clinical governance work.   \n",
       "2683        2683  Elastic Principal Graphs and Manifolds and the...   \n",
       "2685        2685  Experimental study of the potential use of dif...   \n",
       "2693        2693             Financing training: issues and options   \n",
       "2714        2714  An LP-designed algorithm for constraint satisf...   \n",
       "2722        2722  Representation of Africa online: sourcing prac...   \n",
       "2750        2750  Spatio-temporal variability of some metal conc...   \n",
       "2756        2756  A Systematic review of Psychological Intervent...   \n",
       "2780        2780  Measuring ideas more effectively: an analysis ...   \n",
       "2786        2786  Room for improvement? Leadership, innovation c...   \n",
       "2789        2789  Curcumin: Preventive and Therapeutic Propertie...   \n",
       "2809        2809  Achieving high data compression of self-simila...   \n",
       "2820        2820  Assessment of glacier volume change using ASTE...   \n",
       "2823        2823  Patient charges and the utilisation of NHS pre...   \n",
       "2838        2838  The use of interval arithmetic in solving a no...   \n",
       "2845        2845  Query expansion with naive bayes for searching...   \n",
       "2857        2857                A toolkit for supporting evaluation   \n",
       "2859        2859  Customer empowerment in tourism through Consum...   \n",
       "2883        2883  Observed tail current systems associated with ...   \n",
       "2887        2887  Error management in ATLAS TDAQ : an intelligen...   \n",
       "2914        2914  International economic analysis of primary pre...   \n",
       "2927        2927  Including older people with dementia in resear...   \n",
       "2930        2930              Leadership in the European Convention   \n",
       "2942        2942  Medication errors with electronic prescribing ...   \n",
       "\n",
       "                                   doi  \\\n",
       "11           10.1215/03616878-2009-013   \n",
       "38          10.1016/j.nedt.2009.10.017   \n",
       "44            10.1080/0968776930010104   \n",
       "57          10.1109/ISWCS.2005.1547789   \n",
       "61      10.1016/j.enconman.2006.06.011   \n",
       "85     10.4018/978-1-60566-016-5.ch009   \n",
       "89      10.1016/j.applanim.2009.02.023   \n",
       "94    10.1016/j.ijforecast.2009.05.019   \n",
       "99           10.1080/13698230903326257   \n",
       "105           10.1080/0968776030110205   \n",
       "113                                NaN   \n",
       "118          10.1007/s10198-010-0220-z   \n",
       "139          10.1007/s10551-006-9028-2   \n",
       "151         10.1016/j.bios.2008.12.021   \n",
       "161           10.1109/TITB.2005.847500   \n",
       "169          10.1017/S004727940500913X   \n",
       "173                                NaN   \n",
       "185      10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-08-4233   \n",
       "194                                NaN   \n",
       "206         10.1016/j.disc.2003.11.030   \n",
       "213          10.1080/17496530801948861   \n",
       "218         10.1103/PhysRevB.82.195304   \n",
       "225          10.1016/j.ejc.2007.11.006   \n",
       "226          10.1016/j.mar.2008.11.002   \n",
       "269      10.1103/PhysRevLett.89.153201   \n",
       "282                  10.1063/1.2998461   \n",
       "287                  10.1117/12.680313   \n",
       "302            10.1109/TED.2005.843872   \n",
       "344   10.1111/j.1468-2435.2009.00554.x   \n",
       "353                  10.1021/jp808041z   \n",
       "...                                ...   \n",
       "2652       10.1080/1024529042000271434   \n",
       "2653  10.1111/j.1467-6486.2004.00422.x   \n",
       "2654         10.1108/09593840010377608   \n",
       "2655        10.1163/157006506777525476   \n",
       "2656      10.1016/0143-6236(80)90004-6   \n",
       "2670                 10.1117/12.686173   \n",
       "2681          10.1136/bmj.329.7467.679   \n",
       "2683         10.1007/s00607-005-0122-6   \n",
       "2685     10.1016/S0302-4598(00)00109-4   \n",
       "2693         10.1108/03090599910302604   \n",
       "2714                  10.1007/11841036   \n",
       "2722          10.1177/0021934710378747   \n",
       "2750    10.1016/j.geoderma.2005.08.009   \n",
       "2756         10.1080/14789940600819366   \n",
       "2780         10.1017/S1049096505050195   \n",
       "2786  10.1111/j.1365-2753.2010.01447.x   \n",
       "2789             10.1089/ars.2007.1769   \n",
       "2809        10.1109/IGARSS.2000.861646   \n",
       "2820         10.1109/TGRS.2009.2012702   \n",
       "2823            10.1002/hec.4730040306   \n",
       "2838        10.1016/j.ejor.2009.07.027   \n",
       "2845                               NaN   \n",
       "2857         10.1080/09687760108656774   \n",
       "2859         10.1108/13522750710754308   \n",
       "2883         10.5194/angeo-26-167-2008   \n",
       "2887                               NaN   \n",
       "2914            10.1053/euhj.1999.1193   \n",
       "2927       10.1080/1360786031000150685   \n",
       "2930         10.1080/13501760701656437   \n",
       "2942          10.1186/1472-6963-10-135   \n",
       "\n",
       "                                               abstract  \\\n",
       "11    This article discusses some of the merits and ...   \n",
       "38    Aim: A systematic literature review of the exp...   \n",
       "44    As multimedia computing becomes the order of t...   \n",
       "57    The number of broadband users has beengrowing ...   \n",
       "61    Electrolytic hydrogen production is an efficie...   \n",
       "85    This paper was published as Patient-Centered E...   \n",
       "89    Accurate assessment of animal emotion (affect)...   \n",
       "94    In this paper we review and analyse scenario p...   \n",
       "99    The debate over the nature of egalitarianism h...   \n",
       "105   Significant investments are being made in the ...   \n",
       "113   About the book: This collection of papers aims...   \n",
       "118   In Spain, a growing body of literature has dra...   \n",
       "139   This paper investigates how specific notions o...   \n",
       "151   A simple sensor method was developed for aflat...   \n",
       "161   <p>Image segmentation is an indispensable proc...   \n",
       "169   Concerns over the impact of debt on participat...   \n",
       "173   My research project revolves around the proble...   \n",
       "185   This paper was published as Cancer Research, 2...   \n",
       "194   <p>Atmospheric water vapor is a crucial elemen...   \n",
       "206   Let t be a positive integer, and let L=(l1,…,l...   \n",
       "213   This extended editorial takes stock of the fir...   \n",
       "218   An effective-mass theory of subsurface scannin...   \n",
       "225   We explore the connection between locally cons...   \n",
       "226   Risk management and corporate governance issue...   \n",
       "269   Ultracold collisions between spin-polarized Na...   \n",
       "282   The advection of a tracer field in a fluid flo...   \n",
       "287   A plane-wave complex photonic bandstructure ap...   \n",
       "302   <p>A technology is described for fabricating S...   \n",
       "344   During the past year the temporary holding cen...   \n",
       "353   NoTo gain a better understanding of how ethano...   \n",
       "...                                                 ...   \n",
       "2652  Despite claims that accountability enables 'go...   \n",
       "2653  This study sets out to examine two explanation...   \n",
       "2654  Presents a critical review of the role of labo...   \n",
       "2655  An influential historiographical tradition has...   \n",
       "2656  Recent developments in household census and su...   \n",
       "2670  Coupling of optical data-processing devices wi...   \n",
       "2681  Clinical governance has been described as \"by ...   \n",
       "2683  Principal manifolds serve as useful tool for m...   \n",
       "2685  The extension of the photon correlation spectr...   \n",
       "2693  Appraises the scope for cost- effective govern...   \n",
       "2714  The class Max (r,2)-CSP consists of constraint...   \n",
       "2722  The dominant perspective on the representation...   \n",
       "2750  Previous workers have proposed the use of mult...   \n",
       "2756  This paper reports the method and results of a...   \n",
       "2780  On Sunday, October 10th, 2004, the New York Ti...   \n",
       "2786  Background: Leadership and innovation are curr...   \n",
       "2789  Full text of this article is not available on ...   \n",
       "2809  <p>The authors examine and describe an impleme...   \n",
       "2820  Glaciated regions are known to be particularly...   \n",
       "2823  Since the inception of the NHS, user charges h...   \n",
       "2838  This paper was published as European Journal o...   \n",
       "2845  The proliferation of online information resour...   \n",
       "2857  This paper describes the development of a Web-...   \n",
       "2859  <p><b>Purpose.</b> The purpose of this paper i...   \n",
       "2883  This paper was published as Annales Geophysica...   \n",
       "2887  This thesis is concerned with the use of intel...   \n",
       "2914  Aims: The results of the West of Scotland Coro...   \n",
       "2927  NoThis paper examines key challenges and strat...   \n",
       "2930  Did the Chairman of the European Convention, V...   \n",
       "2942  Background: Quantitative prospective methods a...   \n",
       "\n",
       "                                               journals  \\\n",
       "11                                                  NaN   \n",
       "38                                                  NaN   \n",
       "44                                                  NaN   \n",
       "57                                                  NaN   \n",
       "61    [{'title': None, 'identifiers': ['issn:0196-89...   \n",
       "85                                                  NaN   \n",
       "89                                                  NaN   \n",
       "94    [{'title': None, 'identifiers': ['0169-2070', ...   \n",
       "99                                                  NaN   \n",
       "105                                                 NaN   \n",
       "113                                                 NaN   \n",
       "118                                                 NaN   \n",
       "139   [{'title': None, 'identifiers': ['0167-4544', ...   \n",
       "151   [{'title': None, 'identifiers': ['issn:0956-56...   \n",
       "161                                                 NaN   \n",
       "169                                                 NaN   \n",
       "173                                                 NaN   \n",
       "185   [{'title': None, 'identifiers': ['0008-5472', ...   \n",
       "194                                                 NaN   \n",
       "206   [{'title': None, 'identifiers': ['issn:0012-36...   \n",
       "213   [{'title': None, 'identifiers': ['issn:1749-65...   \n",
       "218   [{'title': None, 'identifiers': ['issn:1098-01...   \n",
       "225   [{'title': None, 'identifiers': ['issn:0195-66...   \n",
       "226                                                 NaN   \n",
       "269   [{'title': None, 'identifiers': ['0031-9007', ...   \n",
       "282                                                 NaN   \n",
       "287   [{'title': None, 'identifiers': ['issn: 1996-7...   \n",
       "302                                                 NaN   \n",
       "344   [{'title': None, 'identifiers': ['issn:0020-79...   \n",
       "353                                                 NaN   \n",
       "...                                                 ...   \n",
       "2652  [{'title': None, 'identifiers': ['issn: 1477-2...   \n",
       "2653                                                NaN   \n",
       "2654                                                NaN   \n",
       "2655                                                NaN   \n",
       "2656                                                NaN   \n",
       "2670                                                NaN   \n",
       "2681  [{'title': None, 'identifiers': ['0959-8138', ...   \n",
       "2683  [{'title': None, 'identifiers': ['issn:0010-48...   \n",
       "2685  [{'title': None, 'identifiers': ['issn:1567-53...   \n",
       "2693                                                NaN   \n",
       "2714                                                NaN   \n",
       "2722                                                NaN   \n",
       "2750  [{'title': None, 'identifiers': ['0016-7061', ...   \n",
       "2756  [{'title': None, 'identifiers': ['issn:1478-99...   \n",
       "2780                                                NaN   \n",
       "2786                                                NaN   \n",
       "2789  [{'title': None, 'identifiers': ['issn:1523-08...   \n",
       "2809                                                NaN   \n",
       "2820                                                NaN   \n",
       "2823                                                NaN   \n",
       "2838  [{'title': None, 'identifiers': ['0377-2217', ...   \n",
       "2845                                                NaN   \n",
       "2857                                                NaN   \n",
       "2859                                                NaN   \n",
       "2883  [{'title': None, 'identifiers': ['0992-7689', ...   \n",
       "2887                                                NaN   \n",
       "2914                                                NaN   \n",
       "2927                                                NaN   \n",
       "2930                                                NaN   \n",
       "2942                                                NaN   \n",
       "\n",
       "                                             lemma_text  \n",
       "11    this article discuss some of the merit and dem...  \n",
       "38    aim : a systematic literature review of the ex...  \n",
       "44    as multimedia computing become the order of th...  \n",
       "57    the number of broadband user have beengrowe ra...  \n",
       "61    electrolytic hydrogen production be an efficie...  \n",
       "85    this paper be publish as Patient - center e - ...  \n",
       "89    accurate assessment of animal emotion ( affect...  \n",
       "94    in this paper we review and analyse scenario p...  \n",
       "99    the debate over the nature of egalitarianism h...  \n",
       "105   significant investment be be make in the appli...  \n",
       "113   about the book : this collection of paper aim ...  \n",
       "118   in Spain , a grow body of literature have draw...  \n",
       "139   this paper investigate how specific notion of ...  \n",
       "151   a simple sensor method be develop for aflatoxi...  \n",
       "161   < p > image segmentation be an indispensable p...  \n",
       "169   concern over the impact of debt on participati...  \n",
       "173   my research project revolve around the problem...  \n",
       "185   this paper be publish as Cancer Research , 200...  \n",
       "194   < p > atmospheric water vapor be a crucial ele...  \n",
       "206   let t be a positive integer , and let L=(l1, …...  \n",
       "213   this extended editorial take stock of the firs...  \n",
       "218   an effective - mass theory of subsurface scan ...  \n",
       "225   we explore the connection between locally cons...  \n",
       "226   risk management and corporate governance issue...  \n",
       "269   Ultracold collision between spin - polarize Na...  \n",
       "282   the advection of a tracer field in a fluid flo...  \n",
       "287   a plane - wave complex photonic bandstructure ...  \n",
       "302   < p > a technology be describe for fabricate S...  \n",
       "344   during the past year the temporary hold centre...  \n",
       "353   noto gain a well understanding of how ethanol ...  \n",
       "...                                                 ...  \n",
       "2652  despite claim that accountability enable ' goo...  \n",
       "2653  this study set out to examine two explanation ...  \n",
       "2654  present a critical review of the role of labor...  \n",
       "2655  an influential historiographical tradition hav...  \n",
       "2656  recent development in household census and sur...  \n",
       "2670  coupling of optical data - process device with...  \n",
       "2681  clinical governance have be describe as \" by f...  \n",
       "2683  principal manifold serve as useful tool for ma...  \n",
       "2685  the extension of the photon correlation spectr...  \n",
       "2693  appraise the scope for cost- effective governm...  \n",
       "2714  the class Max ( r,2)-CSP consist of constraint...  \n",
       "2722  the dominant perspective on the representation...  \n",
       "2750  previous worker have propose the use of multiv...  \n",
       "2756  this paper report the method and result of a s...  \n",
       "2780  on Sunday , October 10th , 2004 , the New York...  \n",
       "2786  background :   leadership and innovation be cu...  \n",
       "2789  full text of this article be not available on ...  \n",
       "2809  < p > the author examine and describe an imple...  \n",
       "2820  glaciated region be know to be particularly se...  \n",
       "2823  since the inception of the NHS , user charge h...  \n",
       "2838  this paper be publish as European Journal of O...  \n",
       "2845  the proliferation of online information resour...  \n",
       "2857  this paper describe the development of a web -...  \n",
       "2859  < p><b > purpose.</b > the purpose of this pap...  \n",
       "2883  this paper be publish as Annales Geophysicae ,...  \n",
       "2887  this thesis be concern with the use of intelli...  \n",
       "2914  aim : the result of the West of Scotland Coron...  \n",
       "2927  NoThis paper examine key challenge and strateg...  \n",
       "2930  do the Chairman of the European Convention , V...  \n",
       "2942  background : quantitative prospective method b...  \n",
       "\n",
       "[309 rows x 6 columns]"
      ]
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     "metadata": {},
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    }
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   "source": [
    "not_caught = df.loc[diff_mask.index]\n",
    "not_caught"
   ]
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       "'this article discuss some of the merit and demerit of the single - payer model of health care financing , with particular reference to the English National Health Service ( NHS ) . specifically , it be argue that the main merit be that the model can directly provide universal health care coverage , thus eradicate or at least alleviate market failure and equity concern , and that it can achieve this with relatively low total health care expenditure in general and — as compare to the commercial multiple insurance model — low administrative cost in particular . a perceive demerit of the single - payer model be that it can lead to excessive health care rationing , particularly in term of waiting time , although it be argue here that long wait be probably cause by insufficient funding rather than by the single - payer model per se . moreover , rationing of one form or another occur in all health care system , and single - payer model may be the good option if the aim be to incorporate structured ration such that an entire population be subject to the same rule and be thus treat equitably . a far perceive disadvantage of the single - payer model be that it offer limited choice , which be necessarily true with respect to choice of insurer , but choice of provider can be , and increasingly be , a feature of centrally tax - finance health care system . no model of health care funding be perfect ; trade - off be inevitable . whether the merit of the single - payer model be judge to outweigh the demerit will typically vary both across country at any point in time and within a country over time'"
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