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学习iOS设计模式第一章 适配器(Adapter)
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2017-01-16
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<p>今天学习了iOS设计模式中的适配器模式,适配器有两种模式<br><strong>对象适配器模式</strong><br>– 在这种适配器模式中，适配器容纳一个它包裹的类的实例。在这种情况下，适配器调用被包裹对象的物理实体。<br><strong>类适配器模式</strong><br>– 这种适配器模式下，适配器继承自已实现的类（一般多重继承）。<br>现在以一个例子来说明这种适配器的使用,首先在你的UI控件头文件里声明你需要用来适配的方法</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">- (void)loadData:(id <BusinessCardAdapterProtocol>)data;</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>再到你的UI控件.m里面实现相应控件的属性赋值,然后新建一个<code>BusinessCardAdapterProtocol</code>协议,假如UI控件的需要外界设置下面这三种属性</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">@property (nonatomic, copy) NSString *name;</div><div class="line">@property (nonatomic, copy) NSString *phoneNumber;</div><div class="line">@property (nonatomic, strong) UIColor *lineColor;</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>则在<code>BusinessCardAdapterProtocol</code>协议里面声明</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">- (NSString *)name; </div><div class="line">- (UIColor *)lineColor; </div><div class="line">- (NSString *)phoneNumber;</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>方法供实现,接下来再创建一个基本的适配器类<code>BusinessCardAdapter</code>,遵守<code>BusinessCardAdapterProtocol</code>协议,并在头文件里声明一个属性和一个构造方法</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">@property (nonatomic, weak) id data; // 输入对象 </div><div class="line"></div><div class="line">- (instancetype)initWithData:(id)data; // 与输入对象建立联系</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>在.m文件中实现如下代码</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div><div class="line">6</div><div class="line">7</div><div class="line">8</div><div class="line">9</div><div class="line">10</div><div class="line">11</div><div class="line">12</div><div class="line">13</div><div class="line">14</div><div class="line">15</div><div class="line">16</div><div class="line">17</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">- (instancetype)initWithData:(id)data{</div><div class="line"> self = [super init];</div><div class="line"> if (self) {</div><div class="line"> self.data = data;</div><div class="line"> }</div><div class="line"> return self;</div><div class="line">}</div><div class="line">- (NSString *)name{</div><div class="line"> </div><div class="line"> return nil;</div><div class="line">}</div><div class="line">- (NSString *)phoneNumber{</div><div class="line"> return nil;</div><div class="line">}</div><div class="line">- (UIColor *)lineColor{</div><div class="line"> return nil;</div><div class="line">}</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>现在新建一个模型文件叫作<code>Model</code>,属性如下</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">@property (nonatomic, copy) NSString *name;</div><div class="line">@property (nonatomic, copy) NSString *phoneNumber;</div><div class="line">@property (nonatomic, strong) UIColor *lineColor;</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>再创建一个用来适配Model类的适配器<code>ModelAdapter</code>继承自基类适配器<code>BusinessCardAdapter</code>,在.m文件里重载父类的方法如下</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div><div class="line">6</div><div class="line">7</div><div class="line">8</div><div class="line">9</div><div class="line">10</div><div class="line">11</div><div class="line">12</div><div class="line">13</div><div class="line">14</div><div class="line">15</div><div class="line">16</div><div class="line">17</div><div class="line">18</div><div class="line">19</div><div class="line">20</div><div class="line">21</div><div class="line">22</div><div class="line">23</div><div class="line">24</div><div class="line">25</div><div class="line">26</div><div class="line">27</div><div class="line">28</div><div class="line">29</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">#import "Model.h"</div><div class="line">#import "ModelAdapter.h"</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line">@implementation ModelAdapter</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line">- (instancetype)initWithData:(id)data{</div><div class="line"> self = [super init];</div><div class="line"> if (self) {</div><div class="line"> self.data = data;</div><div class="line"> }</div><div class="line"> return self;</div><div class="line">}</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line">- (NSString *)name{</div><div class="line"> Model *data = self.data;</div><div class="line"> return data.name;</div><div class="line">}</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line">- (UIColor *)lineColor{</div><div class="line"> Model *data = self.data;</div><div class="line"> return data.lineColor;</div><div class="line">}</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line">- (NSString *)phoneNumber{</div><div class="line"> Model *data = self.data;</div><div class="line"> return data.phoneNumber;</div><div class="line">}</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line">@end</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>这时候在我们的<code>ViewController</code>里面这样使用</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div><div class="line">6</div><div class="line">7</div><div class="line">8</div><div class="line">9</div><div class="line">10</div><div class="line">11</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">// 创建UI控件</div><div class="line">BusinessCardView *cardView = [[BusinessCardView alloc] initWithFrame:BUSINESS_FRAME]; cardView.center = self.view.center;</div><div class="line">[self.view addSubview:cardView];</div><div class="line">// 初始化模型 </div><div class="line">Model *model = [[Model alloc] init];</div><div class="line">model.name = @"CoderRyan";</div><div class="line">model.phoneNumber = @"188 - 8848 - 8848";</div><div class="line">model.lineColor = [UIColor redColor];</div><div class="line">// 与适配器连接</div><div class="line">BusinessCardAdapter *adapter = [[ModelAdapter alloc] initWithData:model];</div><div class="line">[cardView loadData:adapter];</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>cmd+R运行,效果图如下</p>
<p><img src="1.png" alt="1.png"></p>
<p>假如现在有另外一个Model,需要适配,新建一个<code>NewModel</code>类,包含如下属性</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div><div class="line">6</div><div class="line">7</div><div class="line">8</div><div class="line">9</div><div class="line">10</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">#import <Foundation/Foundation.h></div><div class="line"></div><div class="line">@interface NewModel : NSObject</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line">@property (nonatomic, copy) NSString *name;</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line">@property (nonatomic, copy) NSString *hexColorString;</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line">@property (nonatomic, copy) NSString *phoneNumber;</div><div class="line">@end</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>这时候,同样只需要新建一个继承自基类适配器<code>BusinessCardAdapter</code>,在.m文件里重载父类的方法如下</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div><div class="line">6</div><div class="line">7</div><div class="line">8</div><div class="line">9</div><div class="line">10</div><div class="line">11</div><div class="line">12</div><div class="line">13</div><div class="line">14</div><div class="line">15</div><div class="line">16</div><div class="line">17</div><div class="line">18</div><div class="line">19</div><div class="line">20</div><div class="line">21</div><div class="line">22</div><div class="line">23</div><div class="line">24</div><div class="line">25</div><div class="line">26</div><div class="line">27</div><div class="line">28</div><div class="line">29</div><div class="line">30</div><div class="line">31</div><div class="line">32</div><div class="line">33</div><div class="line">34</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">#import "NewCardModelAdapter.h"</div><div class="line">#import "NewModel.h"</div><div class="line">@implementation NewCardModelAdapter</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line">- (instancetype)initWithData:(id)data</div><div class="line">{</div><div class="line"> self = [super init];</div><div class="line"> if (self) {</div><div class="line"> self.data = data;</div><div class="line"> }</div><div class="line"> return self;</div><div class="line">}</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line">- (NSString *)name{</div><div class="line"> NewModel *model = self.data;</div><div class="line"> return model.name;</div><div class="line">}</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line">- (NSString *)phoneNumber{</div><div class="line"> NewModel *model = self.data;</div><div class="line"> return model.phoneNumber;</div><div class="line">}</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line">- (UIColor *)lineColor{</div><div class="line"> NewModel *model = self.data;</div><div class="line"> // TODO</div><div class="line"> if ([model.hexColorString isEqualToString:@"black"]) {</div><div class="line"> return [UIColor blackColor];</div><div class="line"> } else {</div><div class="line"> return [UIColor redColor];</div><div class="line"> }</div><div class="line">}</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line">@end</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>如果这时候想要在VC里面用新的适配器,只需要</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div><div class="line">6</div><div class="line">7</div><div class="line">8</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">// 与适配器连接</div><div class="line">Model *model = [[Model alloc] init];</div><div class="line">model.name = @"CoderRyan";</div><div class="line">model.phoneNumber = @"188 - 8848 - 8848";</div><div class="line">model.lineColor = [UIColor redColor];</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line">BusinessCardAdapter *adapter = [[ModelAdapter alloc] initWithData:model];</div><div class="line">[cardView loadData:adapter];</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>更改成</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div><div class="line">6</div><div class="line">7</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">NewModel *newModel = [[NewModel alloc] init];</div><div class="line">newModel.name = @"CoderRyan";</div><div class="line">newModel.phoneNumber = @"188 - 8848 -8848";</div><div class="line">newModel.hexColorString = @"black";</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line">BusinessCardAdapter *adapter = [[NewCardModelAdapter alloc] initWithData:newModel];</div><div class="line">[cardView loadData:adapter];</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>即可.<br>总结来说,就是在UI控件外部提供一个方法传入实现了协议的属性,外部根据一个模型来创建一个适配器,再通过与适配器连接.进行更新UI.<br>优点:耦合度低,可以扩展多种适配的样式<br>缺点:代码量多,文件多.对于新手可能不理解这种好处.<br>以上是我对适配器模式的大致了解,上面的Demo是用极客学院的例子.如果有错漏之处,希望可以给我在下面评论留言给我指出,谢谢~</p>
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<h1 id="上传代码到Cocoapod需要注意的地方"><a href="#上传代码到Cocoapod需要注意的地方" class="headerlink" title="上传代码到Cocoapod需要注意的地方"></a>上传代码到Cocoapod需要注意的地方</h1><blockquote>
<p>上传主要步骤可以参照这篇<a href="http://www.jianshu.com/p/1db5cb08e35c" target="_blank" rel="external">【最新】上传代码到cocoapod</a></p>
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<p>本文主要是用来以防以后想要上传自己写好的代码到Cocoapod供别人使用遇到的一些问题，主要问题是处在pod spec lint xxx.podspec 文件不通过。会报错，这时候要看清楚报错的内容。下面是容易犯错的地方</p>
<p>1.在填写podspec文件的时候，将value值的英文双引号写成中文的双引号。就算你从别的地方复制过来是双引号，由于mac系统默认的设置都会自动地转成中文的双引号。可以在设置->键盘->文本->右边的双引号样式和单引号样式选择最后一个就可以了。</p>
<p>2.有的时候虽然你在你自己的代码工程里面编译通过没问题，但是你pod spec lint 检测的时候都会通不过，原因是因为你的工程里面代码文件有警告，例如你将一个参数原本是填YES/NO的，你填成了nil，在工程里面虽然不报错，能编译过，但是你检测的时候是不过的。不过这种警告都会列出来，你可以很清楚的知道在哪个类的哪一行出现这种错误，修改过来就可以了。</p>
<p>3.有时候你假如在你的工程文件里面引用了第三方框架的东西，例如你import \<afnetworking.h\>,会检测不通过，她说AFNetworking.h file not found.use “quote” 。这句话好像是说找不到\<afnetworking.h\>文件，叫你换成 “AFNetworking.h”就可以编译通过了.</afnetworking.h\></afnetworking.h\></p>
<p>4.检测你的podspec时候，如果直接用pod spec lint xxx.podspec的话，出现错误的话它只会直接一句红色的话<code>The spec did not pass validation, due to 1 error.</code>告诉你的有多少个error和warning，而不会具体的指出你的错误出在哪里，这时候你可以在这句指令后面加上参数–verbose 这样就会告诉你具体的错误信息。这样根据它提示你的错误信息去解决就可以了。</p>
<p>5.每次修改成功之后，记得要更改podspec里面的version版本。而且需要你在git里面打个tag，这个tag可以对应于这个版本号。具体如何打tag可以参考一下最上面给出的文章。有可能会检测出错提醒你例如下图的错误。因为没有这条分支，所以你clone不下来。这时候在git里面创建这条分支，推上去就可以了。</p>
<p><img src="/images/upload_cocoapods_1.png" alt="1"></p>
<p>编译成功的时候，会变成下面这个样子,然后你执行pod trunk push xxx.podspec 指令，稍等片刻，完成之后你在pod search xxx(你的podspec里面的s.name),成功之后就会出现到你的个人pod了，然后就可以给别人用，是不是很方便？平时的项目代码收集的好东西，赶紧封装成一个自己的库，然后弄上pod上面去和别人分享吧，让别人看你的代码，指出代码问题所在，这样才能促进自己的水平！</p>
<p><img src="/images/upload_cocoapods_2.png" alt="2"></p>
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