.. toctree:: :hidden: julia-cheatsheet python-cheatsheet stats-cheatsheet
In the Python code we assume that you have already run import numpy as np
In the Julia, we assume you are using v1.0.2 or later with Compat v1.3.0 or later and have run using LinearAlgebra, Statistics, Compat
| Operation | MATLAB | Python | Julia |
|---|---|---|---|
| Row vector: size (1, n) | A = [1 2 3] |
A = np.array([1, 2, 3]).reshape(1, 3) |
A = [1 2 3] |
| Column vector: size (n, 1) | A = [1; 2; 3] |
A = np.array([1, 2, 3]).reshape(3, 1) |
A = [1 2 3]' |
| 1d array: size (n, ) | Not possible | A = np.array([1, 2, 3]) |
A = [1; 2; 3]or A = [1, 2, 3] |
| Integers from j to n with step size k | A = j:k:n |
A = np.arange(j, n+1, k) |
A = j:k:n |
| Linearly spaced vector of k points | A = linspace(1, 5, k) |
A = np.linspace(1, 5, k) |
A = range(1, 5,
length = k) |
| Operation | MATLAB | Python | Julia |
|---|---|---|---|
| Create a matrix | A = [1 2; 3 4] |
A = np.array([[1, 2], [3, 4]]) |
A = [1 2; 3 4] |
| 2 x 2 matrix of zeros | A = zeros(2, 2) |
A = np.zeros((2, 2)) |
A = zeros(2, 2) |
| 2 x 2 matrix of ones | A = ones(2, 2) |
A = np.ones((2, 2)) |
A = ones(2, 2) |
| 2 x 2 identity matrix | A = eye(2, 2) |
A = np.eye(2) |
A = I # will adopt
# 2x2 dims if demanded by
# neighboring matrices |
| Diagonal matrix | A = diag([1 2 3]) |
A = np.diag([1, 2, 3]) |
A = Diagonal([1, 2,
3]) |
| Uniform random numbers | A = rand(2, 2) |
A = np.random.rand(2, 2) |
A = rand(2, 2) |
| Normal random numbers | A = randn(2, 2) |
A = np.random.randn(2, 2) |
A = randn(2, 2) |
| Sparse Matrices | A = sparse(2, 2)
A(1, 2) = 4
A(2, 2) = 1 |
from scipy.sparse import coo_matrix
A = coo_matrix(([4, 1],
([0, 1], [1, 1])),
shape=(2, 2)) |
using SparseArrays
A = spzeros(2, 2)
A[1, 2] = 4
A[2, 2] = 1 |
| Tridiagonal Matrices | A = [1 2 3 NaN;
4 5 6 7;
NaN 8 9 0]
spdiags(A',[-1 0 1], 4, 4) |
import sp.sparse as sp
diagonals = [[4, 5, 6, 7], [1, 2, 3], [8, 9, 10]]
sp.diags(diagonals, [0, -1, 2]).toarray() |
x = [1, 2, 3]
y = [4, 5, 6, 7]
z = [8, 9, 10]
Tridiagonal(x, y, z) |
| Operation | MATLAB | Python | Julia |
|---|---|---|---|
| Transpose | A.' |
A.T |
transpose(A) |
| Complex conjugate transpose (Adjoint) | A' |
A.conj() |
A' |
| Concatenate horizontally | A = [[1 2] [1 2]]or A = horzcat([1 2], [1 2]) |
B = np.array([1, 2])
A = np.hstack((B, B)) |
A = [[1 2] [1 2]]or A = hcat([1 2], [1 2]) |
| Concatenate vertically | A = [[1 2]; [1 2]]or A = vertcat([1 2], [1 2]) |
B = np.array([1, 2])
A = np.vstack((B, B)) |
A = [[1 2]; [1 2]]or A = vcat([1 2], [1 2]) |
| Reshape (to 5 rows, 2 columns) | A = reshape(1:10, 5, 2) |
A = A.reshape(5, 2) |
A = reshape(1:10, 5, 2) |
| Convert matrix to vector | A(:) |
A = A.flatten() |
A[:] |
| Flip left/right | fliplr(A) |
np.fliplr(A) |
reverse(A, dims = 2) |
| Flip up/down | flipud(A) |
np.flipud(A) |
reverse(A, dims = 1) |
| Repeat matrix (3 times in the row dimension, 4 times in the column dimension) | repmat(A, 3, 4) |
np.tile(A, (4, 3)) |
repeat(A, 3, 4) |
| Preallocating/Similar | x = rand(10)
y = zeros(size(x, 1), size(x, 2))N/A similar type |
x = np.random.rand(3, 3)
y = np.empty_like(x)
# new dims
y = np.empty((2, 3)) |
x = rand(3, 3)
y = similar(x)
# new dims
y = similar(x, 2, 2) |
| Broadcast a function over a collection/matrix/vector | f = @(x) x.^2
g = @(x, y) x + 2 + y.^2
x = 1:10
y = 2:11
f(x)
g(x, y)Functions broadcast directly |
def f(x):
return x**2
def g(x, y):
return x + 2 + y**2
x = np.arange(1, 10, 1)
y = np.arange(2, 11, 1)
f(x)
g(x, y)Functions broadcast directly |
f(x) = x^2
g(x, y) = x + 2 + y^2
x = 1:10
y = 2:11
f.(x)
g.(x, y) |
| Operation | MATLAB | Python | Julia |
|---|---|---|---|
| Access one element | A(2, 2) |
A[1, 1] |
A[2, 2] |
| Access specific rows | A(1:4, :) |
A[0:4, :] |
A[1:4, :] |
| Access specific columns | A(:, 1:4) |
A[:, 0:4] |
A[:, 1:4] |
| Remove a row | A([1 2 4], :) |
A[[0, 1, 3], :] |
A[[1, 2, 4], :] |
| Diagonals of matrix | diag(A) |
np.diag(A) |
diag(A) |
| Get dimensions of matrix | [nrow ncol] = size(A) |
nrow, ncol = np.shape(A) |
nrow, ncol = size(A) |
| Operation | MATLAB | Python | Julia |
|---|---|---|---|
| Dot product | dot(A, B) |
np.dot(A, B) or A @ B |
dot(A, B)
A ⋅ B # \cdot<TAB> |
| Matrix multiplication | A * B |
A @ B |
A * B |
| Inplace matrix multiplication | Not possible | x = np.array([1, 2]).reshape(2, 1)
A = np.array(([1, 2], [3, 4]))
y = np.empty_like(x)
np.matmul(A, x, y) |
x = [1, 2]
A = [1 2; 3 4]
y = similar(x)
mul!(y, A, x) |
| Element-wise multiplication | A .* B |
A * B |
A .* B |
| Matrix to a power | A^2 |
np.linalg.matrix_power(A, 2) |
A^2 |
| Matrix to a power, elementwise | A.^2 |
A**2 |
A.^2 |
| Inverse | inv(A)or A^(-1) |
np.linalg.inv(A) |
inv(A)or A^(-1) |
| Determinant | det(A) |
np.linalg.det(A) |
det(A) |
| Eigenvalues and eigenvectors | [vec, val] = eig(A) |
val, vec = np.linalg.eig(A) |
val, vec = eigen(A) |
| Euclidean norm | norm(A) |
np.linalg.norm(A) |
norm(A) |
| Solve linear system Ax=b (when A is square) | A\b |
np.linalg.solve(A, b) |
A\b |
| Solve least squares problem Ax=b (when A is rectangular) | A\b |
np.linalg.lstsq(A, b) |
A\b |
| Operation | MATLAB | Python | Julia |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sum / max / min of each column | sum(A, 1)
max(A, [], 1)
min(A, [], 1) |
np.sum(A, 0)
np.max(A, 0)
np.min(A, 0) |
sum(A, dims = 1)
maximum(A, dims = 1)
minimum(A, dims = 1) |
| Sum / max / min of each row | sum(A, 2)
max(A, [], 2)
min(A, [], 2) |
np.sum(A, 1)
np.max(A, 1)
np.min(A, 1) |
sum(A, dims = 2)
maximum(A, dims = 2)
minimum(A, dims = 2) |
| Sum / max / min of entire matrix | sum(A(:))
max(A(:))
min(A(:)) |
np.sum(A)
np.amax(A)
np.amin(A) |
sum(A)
maximum(A)
minimum(A) |
| Cumulative sum / max / min by row | cumsum(A, 1)
cummax(A, 1)
cummin(A, 1) |
np.cumsum(A, 0)
np.maximum.accumulate(A, 0)
np.minimum.accumulate(A, 0) |
cumsum(A, dims = 1)
accumulate(max, A, dims = 1)
accumulate(min, A, dims = 1) |
| Cumulative sum / max / min by column | cumsum(A, 2)
cummax(A, 2)
cummin(A, 2) |
np.cumsum(A, 1)
np.maximum.accumulate(A, 1)
np.minimum.accumulate(A, 1) |
cumsum(A, dims = 2)
accumulate(max, A, dims = 2)
accumulate(min, A, dims = 2) |
| Operation | MATLAB | Python | Julia |
|---|---|---|---|
| Comment one line | % This is a comment |
# This is a comment |
# This is a comment |
| Comment block | %{
Comment block
%} |
# Block
# comment
# following PEP8 |
#=
Comment block
=# |
| For loop | for i = 1:N
% do something
end |
for i in range(n):
# do something |
for i in 1:N
# do something
end |
| While loop | while i <= N
% do something
end |
while i <= N:
# do something |
while i <= N
# do something
end |
| If | if i <= N
% do something
end |
if i <= N:
# do something |
if i <= N
# do something
end |
| If / else | if i <= N
% do something
else
% do something else
end |
if i <= N:
# do something
else:
# so something else |
if i <= N
# do something
else
# do something else
end |
| Print text and variable | x = 10
fprintf('x = %d \n', x) |
x = 10
print(f'x = {x}') |
x = 10
println("x = $x") |
| Function: anonymous | f = @(x) x^2 |
f = lambda x: x**2 |
f = x -> x^2
# can be rebound |
| Function | function out = f(x)
out = x^2
end |
def f(x):
return x**2 |
function f(x)
return x^2
end
f(x) = x^2 # not anon! |
| Tuples | t = {1 2.0 "test"}
t{1}Can use cells but watch performance |
t = (1, 2.0, "test")
t[0] |
t = (1, 2.0, "test")
t[1] |
| Named Tuples/ Anonymous Structures | m.x = 1
m.y = 2
m.x |
from collections import namedtuple
mdef = namedtuple('m', 'x y')
m = mdef(1, 2)
m.x |
# vanilla
m = (x = 1, y = 2)
m.x
# constructor
using Parameters
mdef = @with_kw (x=1, y=2)
m = mdef() # same as above
m = mdef(x = 3) |
| Closures | a = 2.0
f = @(x) a + x
f(1.0) |
a = 2.0
def f(x):
return a + x
f(1.0) |
a = 2.0
f(x) = a + x
f(1.0) |
| Inplace Modification | No consistent or simple syntax to achieve this | def f(x):
x **=2
return
x = np.random.rand(10)
f(x) |
function f!(out, x)
out .= x.^2
end
x = rand(10)
y = similar(x)
f!(y, x) |