21. Python_modules.ipynb

{
 "cells": [
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# Startrek Python -  Modules"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Modules are a bunch of python files that provide functionality, (like NumPy mentioned before for Arrays) that can be included into your application.\n",
    "\n",
    "Modules are like books in a library, each book is a module which contains information for how to use a certain function or capability. Python libraries are code libraries.\n",
    "\n",
    "- SURPISE, you have already made your own by creating functions! You first made a function to say hello/hi and if you rather not type it again for another program you can just import the file name {excluding the .py part} (tax free!)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 6,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      ": Risa program ended :\n",
      "holosuite history: []\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# module for clearing holosuite program history \n",
    "# and ending program\n",
    "\n",
    "def end_program(program):\n",
    "    holosuite_hx = [\"Risa\",'Orion','Cardassia']\n",
    "    holosuite_hx.clear()\n",
    "    print(\": {} program ended :\".format(program))\n",
    "    print('holosuite history: {}'.format(holosuite_hx))\n",
    "    \n",
    "end_program('Risa')\n",
    "\n",
    "# if using a text editor save file as : holosuite.py\n",
    "# if using Notebook, create a new Python file, add \n",
    "# function above and save it as: holosuite.py "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Import module"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "the task of importing will be so routine to do before you know it. \n",
    "Python has so many library modules to import and use, you will\n",
    "most likely be importing multiple libraries everytime you\n",
    "create a python app. "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "<code> holosuite.py </code>\n",
    "- now import the holosuite module (leave out the .py)\n",
    "\n",
    "<code>import holosuite</code>\n",
    "\n",
    "- call module 'dot' function inside module with parameter value\n",
    "\n",
    "<code>holosuite.end_program('Hologen Tag')</code>"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Variables in Modules"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "modules can have arrays, objects and dictionaries"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 8,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# enter the code below in the holosuite.py file, save it\n",
    "\n",
    "# holosuite program dict\n",
    "holo_games = {\n",
    "    'name':'Dom-jot',\n",
    "    'age_req': 16,\n",
    "    'game_origin':'Nausica',\n",
    "    'play_method': 'irregular geometrics',\n",
    "    'play_on':'table',\n",
    "    'tools':'terik sphere and Dom-jot cue',\n",
    "    'game_objective':'get the terik into 9 pockets',\n",
    "    'game_cheat_option':True\n",
    "}"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "<h3>now get a key from the dict in the module</h3>\n",
    "\n",
    "<code>import holosuite</code>\n",
    "\n",
    "create object to call module, get dict key 'name'\n",
    "\n",
    "<code>game = holosuite.holo_games['name']</code>\n",
    "\n",
    "<code>print(game)</code>\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Module Alias"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Using modules is awesome but typing the full name of the module everytime you need to call on it (reference it) to get a function \n",
    "is slow, tiring and not efficient. \n",
    "\n",
    "As mentioned before, module NumPy exists but whenever you want to use it don't type numpy more than once. Module alias is standard practice in Python, how to make an alias for module is easy! Just use the word 'as' followed by abreviation of module.\n",
    "\n",
    "- <code>import numpy as np</code>  Now you can say <code>np.array()</code> or whatever you need/ want to use from NumPy module\n",
    "\n",
    "- most alias naming follows a pattern of first letter of each word of module, but the alias abreviation is whatever you want and don't forget the name as you will get errors if name/ abreviations don't match in your code (seaborn as sns but later you have sb => error)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Now let's create a alias for the holosuite.py module\n",
    "\n",
    "<code>import holosuite as hs</code>\n",
    "\n",
    "Create an object to call module's dict key 'name'\n",
    "\n",
    "<code>game = hs.holo_games['name']</code>\n",
    "\n",
    "<code>print(game)</code>"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## the __dir__() function"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "How would you like a Python coding directory help guide? You can purchase some at the Academy's bookstore if you want, but that is not the best option for travel. \n",
    "\n",
    "The second best trick to learn is the dir() function for getting a module's basic information like what parameters it takes! Using the dir() function will make you seem like a genius while not having to remember everything about a module."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 15,
   "metadata": {
    "scrolled": true
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   "outputs": [
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       " 'tracemalloc_domain',\n",
       " 'transpose',\n",
       " 'trapz',\n",
       " 'tri',\n",
       " 'tril',\n",
       " 'tril_indices',\n",
       " 'tril_indices_from',\n",
       " 'trim_zeros',\n",
       " 'triu',\n",
       " 'triu_indices',\n",
       " 'triu_indices_from',\n",
       " 'true_divide',\n",
       " 'trunc',\n",
       " 'typeDict',\n",
       " 'typeNA',\n",
       " 'typecodes',\n",
       " 'typename',\n",
       " 'ubyte',\n",
       " 'ufunc',\n",
       " 'uint',\n",
       " 'uint0',\n",
       " 'uint16',\n",
       " 'uint32',\n",
       " 'uint64',\n",
       " 'uint8',\n",
       " 'uintc',\n",
       " 'uintp',\n",
       " 'ulonglong',\n",
       " 'unicode',\n",
       " 'unicode_',\n",
       " 'union1d',\n",
       " 'unique',\n",
       " 'unpackbits',\n",
       " 'unravel_index',\n",
       " 'unsignedinteger',\n",
       " 'unwrap',\n",
       " 'ushort',\n",
       " 'vander',\n",
       " 'var',\n",
       " 'vdot',\n",
       " 'vectorize',\n",
       " 'version',\n",
       " 'void',\n",
       " 'void0',\n",
       " 'vsplit',\n",
       " 'vstack',\n",
       " 'warnings',\n",
       " 'where',\n",
       " 'who',\n",
       " 'zeros',\n",
       " 'zeros_like']"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 15,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# let's import NumPy and see what the dir() says\n",
    "import numpy as np\n",
    "\n",
    "#------- access method 1\n",
    "#n = dir(np)\n",
    "#print(n)\n",
    "\n",
    "#------- access method 2, Jupyter Notebook\n",
    "dir(np)\n",
    "\n",
    "# scroll down to see how many functions just on arrays\n",
    "\n",
    "# in Notebook, whenever the output is long, click on left side \n",
    "# usually a blue line of output window, \n",
    "# it will contract and make output window smaller"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Use the __from__ key word"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "As you can see, NumPy has many functions you can use, but what if\n",
    "you just want 1 from the module? \n",
    "- Use <code>from holosuite import holo_game</code> which grabs only the dictionary from the holosuite module \n",
    "    \n",
    "- Do not use <code>holosuite.holo_games['name']</code>"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": []
  }
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