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Java Mistake 100_2.html
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Java Mistake 100 - Pumpkinor.io
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<h1>缓存设计</h1>
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<h4><a id="%E6%91%98%E5%BD%95" class="anchor" aria-hidden="true"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>摘录</h4>
<p>数据缓存的三大问题：</p>
<ol>
<li>我们不能把诸如 Redis 的缓存数据库完全当作数据库来使用。我们不能假设缓存始终可靠，也不能假设没有过期的数据必然可以被读取到，需要处理好缓存的回源逻辑；而且要显式设置 Redis 的最大内存使用和数据淘汰策略，避免出现 OOM 的问题。</li>
<li>缓存的性能比数据库好很多，我们需要考虑大量请求绕过缓存直击数据库造成数据库瘫痪的各种情况。对于缓存瞬时大面积失效的缓存雪崩问题，可以通过差异化缓存过期时间解决；对于高并发的缓存 Key 回源问题，可以使用锁来限制回源并发数；对于不存在的数据穿透缓存的问题，可以通过布隆过滤器进行数据存在性的预判，或在缓存中也设置一个值来解决。</li>
<li>当数据库中的数据有更新的时候，需要考虑如何确保缓存中数据的一致性。我们看到，“先更新数据库再删除缓存，访问的时候按需加载数据到缓存”的策略是最为妥当的，并且要尽量设置合适的缓存过期时间，这样即便真的发生不一致，也可以在缓存过期后数据得到及时同步。</li>
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<p>最后，我要提醒你的是，在使用缓存系统的时候，要监控缓存系统的内存使用量、命中率、对象平均过期时间等重要指标，以便评估系统的有效性，并及时发现问题。</p>
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<span class="date">2021/10/29</span>
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