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Basic Java and Tools - Pumpkinor.io
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<h1>数据库索引</h1>
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<h4><a id="%E6%91%98%E5%BD%95" class="anchor" aria-hidden="true"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>摘录</h4>
<p>关于索引的两个误区。</p>
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<li>考虑到索引的维护代价、空间占用和查询时回表的代价，不能认为索引越多越好。索引一定是按需创建的，并且要尽可能确保足够轻量。一旦创建了多字段的联合索引，我们要考虑尽可能利用索引本身完成数据查询，减少回表的成本。</li>
<li>不能认为建了索引就一定有效，对于后缀的匹配查询、查询中不包含联合索引的第一列、查询条件涉及函数计算等情况无法使用索引。此外，即使 SQL 本身符合索引的使用条件，MySQL 也会通过评估各种查询方式的代价，来决定是否走索引，以及走哪个索引。</li>
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<p>因此，在尝试通过索引进行 SQL 性能优化的时候，务必通过执行计划或实际的效果来确认索引是否能有效改善性能问题，否则增加了索引不但没解决性能问题，还增加了数据库增删改的负担。如果对 EXPLAIN 给出的执行计划有疑问的话，你还可以利用 optimizer_trace 查看详细的执行计划做进一步分析。</p>
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<span class="date">2021/10/21</span>
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